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Amábile-Cuevas CF, Lund-Zaina S. Non-Canonical Aspects of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38927231 PMCID: PMC11200725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of antibiotic resistance, one of the major health threats of our time, is mostly based on dated and incomplete notions, especially in clinical contexts. The "canonical" mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, as well as the methods used to assess their activity upon bacteria, have not changed in decades; the same applies to the definition, acquisition, selective pressures, and drivers of resistance. As a consequence, the strategies to improve antibiotic usage and overcome resistance have ultimately failed. This review gathers most of the "non-canonical" notions on antibiotics and resistance: from the alternative mechanisms of action of antibiotics and the limitations of susceptibility testing to the wide variety of selective pressures, lateral gene transfer mechanisms, ubiquity, and societal factors maintaining resistance. Only by having a "big picture" view of the problem can adequate strategies to harness resistance be devised. These strategies must be global, addressing the many aspects that drive the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria aside from the clinical use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Lund-Zaina
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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2
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Ott LC, Mellata M. Short-chain fatty acids inhibit bacterial plasmid transfer through conjugation in vitro and in ex vivo chicken tissue explants. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1414401. [PMID: 38903782 PMCID: PMC11187007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1414401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal gut acts as a potent reservoir for spreading and maintaining conjugative plasmids that confer antimicrobial resistance (AMR), fitness, and virulence attributes. Interventions that inhibit the continued emergence and expansion of AMR and virulent strains in agricultural and clinical environments are greatly desired. This study aims to determine the presence and efficacy of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) inhibitory effects on the conjugal transfer of AMR plasmids. In vitro broth conjugations were conducted between donor Escherichia coli strains carrying AMP plasmids and the plasmid-less Escherichia coli HS-4 recipient strain. Conjugations were supplemented with ddH2O or SCFAs at 1, 0.1, 0.01, or 0.001 molar final concentration. The addition of SCFAs completely inhibited plasmid transfer at 1 and 0.1 molar and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced transfer at 0.01 molar, regardless of SCFA tested. In explant models for the chicken ceca, either ddH2O or a final concentration of 0.025 M SCFAs were supplemented to the explants infected with donor and recipient E. coli. In every SCFA tested, significant decreases in transconjugant populations compared to ddH2O-treated control samples were observed with minimal effects on donor and recipient populations. Finally, significant reductions in transconjugants for plasmids of each incompatibility type (IncP1ε, IncFIβ, and IncI1) tested were detected. This study demonstrates for the first time the broad inhibition ability of SCFAs on bacterial plasmid transfer and eliminates AMR with minimal effect on bacteria. Implementing interventions that increase the concentrations of SCFAs in the gut may be a viable method to reduce the risk, incidence, and rate of AMR emergence in agricultural and human environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C. Ott
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Rocchetti MT, Russo P, De Simone N, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. Immunomodulatory Activity on Human Macrophages by Cell-Free Supernatants to Explore the Probiotic and Postbiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains of Plant Origin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:911-926. [PMID: 37202651 PMCID: PMC11126452 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Upon dietary administration, probiotic microorganisms can reach as live cells the human gut, where they interact with the microbiota and host cells, thereby exerting a beneficial impact on host functions, mainly through immune-modulatory activities. Recently, attention has been drawn by postbiotics, i.e. non-viable probiotic microbes, including their metabolic products, which possess biological activities that benefit the host. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a bacterial species that comprises recognised probiotic strains. In this study, we investigated in vitro the probiotic (and postbiotic) potential of seven L. plantarum strains, including five newly isolated from plant-related niches. The strains were shown to possess some basic probiotic attributes, including tolerance to the gastrointestinal environment, adhesion to the intestinal epithelium and safety. Besides, their cell-free culture supernatants modulated cytokine patterns in human macrophages in vitro, promoting TNF-α gene transcription and secretion, while attenuating the transcriptional activation and secretion of both TNF-α and IL-8 in response to a pro-inflammatory signal, and enhancing the production of IL-10. Some strains induced a high IL-10/IL-12 ratio that may correlate to an anti-inflammatory capacity in vivo. Overall, the investigated strains are good probiotic candidates, whose postbiotic fraction exhibits immunomodulatory properties that need further in vivo studies. The main novelty of this work consists in the polyphasic characterisation of candidate beneficial L. plantarum strains obtained from relatively atypical plant-associated niches, by an approach that explores both probiotic and postbiotic potentials, in particular studying the effect of microbial culture-conditioned media on cytokine pattern, analysed at both transcriptional and secretion level in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola De Simone
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, C/O CS-DAT, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Hasaniani N, Mostafa Rahimi S, Akbari M, Sadati F, Pournajaf A, Rostami-Mansoor S. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis Management. Neuroscience 2024; 551:31-42. [PMID: 38777135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder predominantly afflicting young adults. The etiology of MS is intricate, involving a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Current research increasingly focuses on the substantial contribution of gut microbiota in MS pathogenesis. The commensal microbiota resident within the intestinal milieu assumes a central role within the intricate network recognized as the gut-brain axis (GBA), wielding beneficial impact in neurological and psychological facets. As a result, the modulation of gut microbiota is considered a pivotal aspect in the management of neural disorders, including MS. Recent investigations have unveiled the possibility of using probiotic supplements as a promising strategy for exerting a positive impact on the course of MS. This therapeutic approach operates through several mechanisms, including the reinforcement of gut epithelial integrity, augmentation of the host's resistance against pathogenic microorganisms, and facilitation of mucosal immunomodulatory processes. The present study comprehensively explains the gut microbiome's profound influence on the central nervous system (CNS). It underscores the pivotal role played by probiotics in forming the immune system and modulating neurotransmitter function. Furthermore, the investigation elucidates various instances of probiotic utilization in MS patients, shedding light on the potential therapeutic advantages afforded by this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Akbari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadati
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies (BMAT) Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Luqman A, Saising J, Prasetya YA, Ammanath AV, Andini, Amala SN, Zulaika E, Kuswytasari ND, Goetz F, Wibowo AT. Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Genes in Intrinsically Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota of Indonesian Individuals. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:302-312. [PMID: 38751872 PMCID: PMC11091268 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.98767.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that has been exacerbated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The gut microbiota, often influenced by antibiotic usage, plays a crucial role in overall health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes in the gut microbiota of Indonesian coastal and highland populations, as well as to identify vancomycin-resistant bacteria and their resistant genes. Methods Stool samples were collected from 22 individuals residing in Pacet, Mojokerto, and Kenjeran, Surabaya Indonesia in 2022. The read count of antibiotic resistant genes was analyzed in the collected samples, and the bacterium concentration was counted by plating on the antibiotic-containing agar plate. Vancomycin-resistant strains were further isolated, and the presence of vancomycin-resistant genes was detected using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The antibiotic resistant genes for tetracycline, aminoglycosides, macrolides, beta-lactams, and vancomycin were found in high frequency in all stool samples (100%) of the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, those meant for chloramphenicol and sulfonamides were found in 86% and 16% of the samples, respectively. Notably, vancomycin-resistant genes were found in 16 intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among the detected vancomycin-resistant genes, vanG was the most prevalent (27.3%), while vanA was the least prevalent (4.5%). Conclusion The presence of multiple vancomycin resistance genes in intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiota as a reservoir and hub for the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Department of Biology, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science and Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Andini
- Department of Biology, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nur Amala
- Department of Biology, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Enny Zulaika
- Department of Biology, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Friedrich Goetz
- Microbial Genetics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anjar Tri Wibowo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Solis MN, Loaiza K, Torres-Elizalde L, Mina I, Šefcová MA, Larrea-Álvarez M. Detecting Class 1 Integrons and Their Variable Regions in Escherichia coli Whole-Genome Sequences Reported from Andean Community Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38786123 PMCID: PMC11117327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Various genetic elements, including integrons, are known to contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Class 1 integrons have been identified in E. coli isolates and are associated with multidrug resistance in countries of the Andean Community. However, detailed information on the gene cassettes located on the variable regions of integrons is lacking. Here, we investigated the presence and diversity of class 1 integrons, using an in silico approach, in 2533 whole-genome sequences obtained from EnteroBase. IntFinder v1.0 revealed that almost one-third of isolates contained these platforms. Integron-bearing isolates were associated with environmental, food, human, and animal origins reported from all countries under scrutiny. Moreover, they were identified in clones known for their pathogenicity or multidrug resistance. Integrons carried cassettes associated with aminoglycoside (aadA), trimethoprim (dfrA), cephalosporin (blaOXA; blaDHA), and fluoroquinolone (aac(6')-Ib-cr; qnrB) resistance. These platforms showed higher diversity and larger numbers than previously reported. Moreover, integrons carrying more than three cassettes in their variable regions were determined. Monitoring the prevalence and diversity of genetic elements is necessary for recognizing emergent patterns of resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in countries where various factors are recognized to favor the selection of resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Nicole Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Karen Loaiza
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lilibeth Torres-Elizalde
- Graduate School Life Sciences and Health (GS LSH), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Mina
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador
| | - Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
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Wei S, Ding B, Wang G, Luo S, Zhao H, Dan X. Population characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia coli in puerperal metritis of dairy cows in Ningxia region of China: a systemic taxa distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1364373. [PMID: 38694808 PMCID: PMC11061491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is closely associated with the occurrence of puerperal metritis in dairy cows. E. coli carries some the virulence and multi-drug resistant genes, which pose a serious threat to the health of postpartum cows. In this study, E. coli was isolated and identified from the uterine contents of postpartum cows with puerperal metritis in the Ningxia region of China, and its phylogenetic subgroups were determined. Meanwhile, virulence and drug resistance genes carried by E. coli and drug sensitivity were detected, and the characteristics of virulence and drug resistance genes distribution in E. coli phylogroups were further analyzed. The results showed that the isolation rate of E. coli in puerperal metritis samples was 95.2%. E. coli was mainly divided into phylogroups B2 and D, followed by groups A and B1, and was more connected to O157:H7, O169:H4, and ECC-1470 type strains. The virulence genes were mainly dominated by ompF (100%), traT (100%), fimH (97%), papC (96%), csgA (95%), Ang43 (93.9%), and ompC (93%), and the resistance genes were dominated by TEM (99%), tetA (71.7%), aac(3)II (66.7%), and cmlA (53.5%). Additionally, it was observed that the virulence and resistance gene phenotypes could be divided into two subgroups, with subgroup B2 and D having the highest distributions. Drug sensitivity tests also revealed that the E. coli was most sensitive to the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, followed by macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, peptides and sulfonamides, and least sensitive to lincosamides. These results imply that pathogenic E. coli, which induces puerperal metritis of dairy cows in the Ningxia region of China, primarily belongs to the group B2 and D, contains multiple virulence and drug resistance genes, Moreover, E. coli has evolved resistance to several drugs including penicillin, lincomycin, cotrimoxazole, and streptomycin. It will offer specific guidelines reference for the prevention and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows with E. coli infections in the Ningxia region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongxi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingang Dan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Liu F, Luo Y, Xu T, Lin H, Qiu Y, Li B. Current examining methods and mathematical models of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371388. [PMID: 38638913 PMCID: PMC11025395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has garnered significant attention due to their health risk to human beings. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered as an important way for ARG dissemination. There are four general routes of HGT, including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. Selection of appropriate examining methods is crucial for comprehensively understanding characteristics and mechanisms of different HGT ways. Moreover, combined with the results obtained from different experimental methods, mathematical models could be established and serve as a powerful tool for predicting ARG transfer dynamics and frequencies. However, current reviews of HGT for ARG spread mainly focus on its influencing factors and mechanisms, overlooking the important roles of examining methods and models. This review, therefore, delineated four pathways of HGT, summarized the strengths and limitations of current examining methods, and provided a comprehensive summing-up of mathematical models pertaining to three main HGT ways of conjugation, transformation and transduction. Finally, deficiencies in current studies were discussed, and proposed the future perspectives to better understand and assess the risks of ARG dissemination through HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Luo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tiansi Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Jiang X, Long J, Song Y, Qi X, Li P, Pan K, Yan C, Xu H, Liu H. The effect of triclosan on intergeneric horizontal transmission of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) from Citrobacter freundii isolated from grass carp gut. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123658. [PMID: 38432343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogenic bacteria affects culture animal health, endangers food safety, and thus gravely threatens public health. However, information about the effect of disinfectants - triclosan (TCS) on ARGs dissemination of bacterial pathogens in aquatic animals is still limited. One Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) strain harboring tet(X4)-resistant plasmid was isolated from farmed grass carp guts, and subsequently conjugative transfer frequency from C. freundii to Escherichia coli C600 (E. coli C600) was analyzed under different mating time, temperature, and ratio. The effect of different concentrations of TCS (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 2000 μg/L) on the conjugative transfer was detected. The optimum conditions for conjugative transfer were at 37 °C for 8h with mating ratio of 2:1 or 1:1 (C. freundii: E. coli C600). The conjugative transfer frequency was significantly promoted under TCS treatment and reached the maximum value under 2.00 μg/L TCS with 18.39 times that of the control group. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, cell membrane permeability of C. freundii and E. coli C600 were obviously increased under TCS stress. Scanning electron microscope showed that the cell membrane surface of the conjugative strains was wrinkled and pitted, even broken at 2.00 μg/L TCS, while lysed or even ruptured at 200.00 μg/L TCS. In addition, TCS up-regulated expression levels of oxidative stress genes (katE, hemF, bcp, hemA, katG, ahpF, and ahpC) and cell membrane-related genes (fimC, bamE and ompA) of donor and recipient bacteria. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment demonstrated significant changes in categories relevant to pilus, porin activity, transmembrane transporter activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, material transport and metabolism. Taken together, a tet(X4)-resistant plasmid could horizontal transmission among different pathogens, while TCS can promote the propagation of the resistant plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhen Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Kuiquan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhou Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Singh S, Segal LN. Vive la Resistome: Are We Ready for a Metagenomics Revolution in Bronchiectasis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210. [PMID: 38530113 PMCID: PMC11197061 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0352ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- New York University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- New York University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York, United States;
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Dewi RR, Nuryawan A, Jajere SM, Sihombing JM, Tambunan IJ. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli derived from an integrated agroforestry-livestock system in Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:690-699. [PMID: 38680150 PMCID: PMC11045535 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.690-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant global concern. Epidemiological data do not provide a robust description of the potential risks associated with AMR in the integrated agroforestry-livestock systems in Indonesia. Thus, the present study investigated the phenotypic and multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the feces of livestock raised in the agro-silvopastoral system in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. Materials and Methods A standard microbiological culture procedure was followed to isolate the organism and test antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion protocol. Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance index was determined. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with AMR. Results The vast majority (77.5%) of livestock farmers were aged >30 years. All farmers were men and had no higher education (100% of them). The majority of the animal species managed were cattle and goats (37.5% each) and the livestock grazing pasture system (67.5%). In addition, the majority of farmers reported high antimicrobial use on their farms (87.5%). Of the samples (n = 142) analyzed, n = 70 were positive, with an overall prevalence of 44.4%. The species-specific prevalences of E. coli were 32.5%, 47.8%, and 50% in buffalo, goat, and cattle, respectively. Ampicillin and tetracyclines exhibited high resistance levels among the studied animal species. A relatively lower MDR for E. coli was associated with grazing on the pasture. Conclusion The findings from the current study provide baseline epidemiological information for future robust studies aimed at elucidating the drivers and patterns of AMR in agro-silvopastoral systems in the study area or elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rosmala Dewi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Arif Nuryawan
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Saleh Mohammed Jajere
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Juli Mutiara Sihombing
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ika Julianti Tambunan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, Indonesia
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Nkoh JN, Shang C, Okeke ES, Ejeromedoghene O, Oderinde O, Etafo NO, Mgbechidinma CL, Bakare OC, Meugang EF. Antibiotics soil-solution chemistry: A review of environmental behavior and uptake and transformation by plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120312. [PMID: 38340667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The increased use of antibiotics by humans for various purposes has left the environment polluted. Antibiotic pollution remediation is challenging because antibiotics exist in trace amounts and only highly sensitive detection techniques could be used to quantify them. Nevertheless, their trace quantity is not a hindrance to their transfer along the food chain, causing sensitization and the development of antibiotic resistance. Despite an increase in the literature on antibiotic pollution and the development and transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), little attention has been given to the behavior of antibiotics at the soil-solution interface and how this affects antibiotic adsorption-desorption interactions and subsequent uptake and transformation by plants. Thus, this review critically examines the interactions and possible degradation mechanisms of antibiotics in soil and the link between antibiotic soil-solution chemistry and uptake by plants. Also, different factors influencing antibiotic mobility in soil and the transfer of ARGs from one organism to another were considered. The mechanistic and critical analyses revealed that: (a) the charge characteristics of antibiotics at the soil-root interface determine whether they are adsorbed to soil or taken up by plants; (b) antibiotics that avoid soil colloids and reach soil pore water can be absorbed by plant roots, but their translocation to the stem and leaves depends on the ionic state of the molecule; (c) few studies have explored how plants adapt to antibiotic pollution and the transformation of antibiotics in plants; and (d) the persistence of antibiotics in cropland soils can be influenced by the content of soil organic matter, coexisting ions, and fertilization practices. Future research should focus on the soil/solution-antibiotic-plant interactions to reveal detailed mechanisms of antibiotic transformation by plants and whether plant-transformed antibiotics could be of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 China.
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Olayinka Oderinde
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nelson Oshogwue Etafo
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N Republica, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, 200243, Nigeria
| | - Omonike Christianah Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elvira Foka Meugang
- School of Metallurgy & Environment, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Changsha, 410083, China
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13
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Foo GW, Leichthammer CD, Saita IM, Lukas ND, Batko IZ, Heinrichs DE, Edgell DR. Intein-based thermoregulated meganucleases for containment of genetic material. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2066-2077. [PMID: 38180814 PMCID: PMC10899782 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Limiting the spread of synthetic genetic information outside of the intended use is essential for applications where biocontainment is critical. In particular, biocontainment of engineered probiotics and plasmids that are excreted from the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is needed to prevent escape and acquisition of genetic material that could confer a selective advantage to microbial communities. Here, we built a simple and lightweight biocontainment system that post-translationally activates a site-specific DNA endonuclease to degrade DNA at 18°C and not at higher temperatures. We constructed an orthogonal set of temperature-sensitive meganucleases (TSMs) by inserting the yeast VMA1 L212P temperature-sensitive intein into the coding regions of LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases. We showed that the TSMs eliminated plasmids carrying the cognate TSM target site from laboratory strains of Escherichia coli at the permissive 18°C but not at higher restrictive temperatures. Plasmid elimination is dependent on both TSM endonuclease activity and intein splicing. TSMs eliminated plasmids from E. coli Nissle 1917 after passage through the mouse gut when fecal resuspensions were incubated at 18°C but not at 37°C. Collectively, our data demonstrates the potential of thermoregulated meganucleases as a means of restricting engineered plasmids and probiotics to the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Foo
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | - Ibrahim M Saita
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Lukas
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Izabela Z Batko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David R Edgell
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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14
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Chavarría-Pizarro L, Núñez-Montero K, Gutiérrez-Araya M, Watson-Guido W, Rivera-Méndez W, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Novel strains of Actinobacteria associated with neotropical social wasps (Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini) with antimicrobial potential for natural product discovery. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae005. [PMID: 38476864 PMCID: PMC10929769 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been considered a public health threat. The World Health Organization has warned about the urgency of detecting new antibiotics from novel sources. Social insects could be crucial in the search for new antibiotic metabolites, as some of them survive in places that favor parasite development. Recent studies have shown the potential of social insects to produce antimicrobial metabolites (e.g. ants, bees, and termites). However, most groups of social wasps remain unstudied. Here, we explored whether Actinobacteria are associated with workers in the Neotropical Social Wasps (Epiponini) of Costa Rica and evaluated their putative inhibitory activity against other bacteria. Most isolated strains (67%) have antagonistic effects, mainly against Bacillus thuringensis and Escherichia coli ATCC 25992. Based on genome analysis, some inhibitory Actinobacteria showed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to the production of antimicrobial molecules such as Selvamycin, Piericidin A1, and Nystatin. The Actinobacteria could be associated with social wasps to produce antimicrobial compounds. For these reasons, we speculate that Actinobacteria associated with social wasps could be a novel source of antimicrobial compounds, mainly against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chavarría-Pizarro
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Kattia Núñez-Montero
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariela Gutiérrez-Araya
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - William Watson-Guido
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - William Rivera-Méndez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Calle 15, Avenida 14, 159-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit - Institut Pasteur 28, rue du Docteur Roux - 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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15
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Behling AH, Wilson BC, Ho D, Cutfield WS, Vatanen T, O'Sullivan JM. Horizontal gene transfer after faecal microbiota transplantation in adolescents with obesity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38347627 PMCID: PMC10860221 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission of DNA outside of direct ancestral lineages. The process is best characterised within the bacterial kingdom and can enable the acquisition of genetic traits that support bacterial adaptation to novel niches. The adaptation of bacteria to novel niches has particular relevance for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic procedure which aims to resolve gut-related health conditions of individuals, through transplanted gut microbiota from healthy donors. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-one stool metagenomic samples from a placebo-controlled FMT trial for obese adolescents (the Gut Bugs Trial) were analysed for HGT, using two complementary methodologies. First, all putative HGT events, including historical HGT signatures, were quantified using the bioinformatics application WAAFLE. Second, metagenomic assembly and gene clustering were used to assess and quantify donor-specific genes transferred to recipients following the intervention. Both methodologies found no difference between the level of putative HGT events in the gut microbiomes of FMT and placebo recipients, post-intervention. HGT events facilitated by engrafted donor species in the FMT recipient gut at 6 weeks post-intervention were identified and characterised. Bacterial strains contributing to this subset of HGT events predominantly belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Engraftment-dependent horizontally transferred genes were retained within recipient microbiomes at 12 and 26 weeks post-intervention. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that novel microorganisms introduced into the recipient gut following FMT have no impact on the basal rate of HGT within the human gut microbiome. Analyses of further FMT studies are required to assess the generalisability of this conclusion across different FMT study designs and for the treatment of different gut-related conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Behling
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C Wilson
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Ho
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Australian Parkinsons Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, SydneyDarlinghurst, NSWNSW, 2010, Australia.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Tan Y, Zhao K, Yang S, Chen S, Li C, Han X, Li J, Hu K, Liu S, Ma M, Yu X, Zou L. Insights into antibiotic and heavy metal resistance interactions in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock manure and fertilized soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119935. [PMID: 38154221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock feces are ecological and public health problems. However, the distribution and relationships of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and virulence factors (VFs) and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the resistance of Escherichia coli, the prevalence of its ARGs, HMRGs, and VFs, and their transmission mechanisms in livestock fresh feces (FF), composted feces (CF), and fertilized soil (FS). In total, 99.54% (n = 221) and 91.44% (n = 203) of E. coli were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one heavy metal, respectively. Additionally, 72.52% (n = 161) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), of which Cu-resistant E. coli accounted for 72.67% (117/161). More than 99.34% (88/89) of E. coli carried multidrug ARGs, VFs, and the Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS. The Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS were mainly located on chromosomes, and cueO and cusF were positively associated with HMRGs, ARGs, and VFs. The Cu resistance genes pcoABCDRS were located on the plasmid pLKYL-P02 flanked by ARGs in PF18C from FF group and on chromosomes flanked by HMRGs in SAXZ1-1 from FS group. These results improved our understanding of bacterial multidrug and heavy metal resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tan
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Province Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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17
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Sabino YNV, de Melo MD, da Silva GC, Mantovani HC. Unraveling the diversity and dissemination dynamics of antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae plasmids across diverse ecosystems. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae028. [PMID: 38323496 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in plasmids of Enterobacteriaceae from soil, sewage, and feces of food-producing animals and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS The plasmid sequences were obtained from the NCBI database. For the identification of ARG, comprehensive antibiotic resistance database (CARD), and ResFinder were used. Gene conservation and evolution were investigated using DnaSP v.6. The transfer potential of the plasmids was evaluated using oriTfinder and a MOB-based phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using Fastree. We identified a total of 1064 ARGs in all plasmids analyzed, conferring resistance to 15 groups of antibiotics, mostly aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and sulfonamides. The greatest number of ARGs per plasmid was found in enterobacteria from chicken feces. Plasmids from Escherichia coli carrying multiple ARGs were found in all ecosystems. Some of the most abundant genes were shared among all ecosystems, including aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, tet(A), and sul2. A high level of sequence conservation was found among these genes, and tet(A) and sul2 are under positive selective pressure. Approximately 62% of the plasmids carrying at least one ARG were potentially transferable. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a potential co-evolution of Enterobacteriaceae plasmids in nature. CONCLUSION The high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae plasmids from diverse ecosystems carrying ARGs reveals their widespread distribution and importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Dias de Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hilario Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Oselusi SO, Dube P, Odugbemi AI, Akinyede KA, Ilori TL, Egieyeh E, Sibuyi NR, Meyer M, Madiehe AM, Wyckoff GJ, Egieyeh SA. The role and potential of computer-aided drug discovery strategies in the discovery of novel antimicrobials. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107927. [PMID: 38184864 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become more of a concern in recent decades, particularly in infections associated with global public health threats. The development of new antibiotics is crucial to ensuring infection control and eradicating AMR. Although drug discovery and development are essential processes in the transformation of a drug candidate from the laboratory to the bedside, they are often very complicated, expensive, and time-consuming. The pharmaceutical sector is continuously innovating strategies to reduce research costs and accelerate the development of new drug candidates. Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) has emerged as a powerful and promising technology that renews the hope of researchers for the faster identification, design, and development of cheaper, less resource-intensive, and more efficient drug candidates. In this review, we discuss an overview of AMR, the potential, and limitations of CADD in AMR drug discovery, and case studies of the successful application of this technique in the rapid identification of various drug candidates. This review will aid in achieving a better understanding of available CADD techniques in the discovery of novel drug candidates against resistant pathogens and other infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson O Oselusi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Phumuzile Dube
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Adeshina I Odugbemi
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Kolajo A Akinyede
- Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry Unit, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti, 360231, Nigeria
| | - Tosin L Ilori
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Nicole Rs Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram M Madiehe
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64110-2446, United States
| | - Samuel A Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.
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19
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Lin H, Zhou S. Enhanced removal of antibiotic resistance genes during chicken manure composting after combined inoculation of Bacillus subtilis with biochar. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:274-284. [PMID: 37778803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the combined effects of Bacillus subtilis inoculation with biochar on the evolution of bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the composting of chicken manure. The results showed that B. subtilis inoculation combined with biochar increased bacterial abundance and diversity as well as prolonged the compost thermophilic period. Promoted organic matter biodegradation and facilitated the organic waste compost humification process, reduced the proliferation of ARGs by altering the bacterial composition. Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were the main resistant bacteria related to ARGs and MGEs. The decrease in ARGs and MGEs was associated with the reduction in the abundance of related host bacteria. Compost inoculation with B. subtilis and the addition of biochar could promote nutrient transformation, reduce the increase in ARGs and MGEs, and increase the abundance of beneficial soil taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Luan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China.
| | - Hao Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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20
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Wu Y, Garren MR, Estes Bright LM, Maffe P, Brooks M, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Enhanced antibacterial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria via nitric oxide-releasing ampicillin polymer substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1763-1774. [PMID: 37832467 PMCID: PMC10593200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a pressing threat to global health and is a leading cause of healthcare-related morbidity and mortality. Herein, we report the fabrication of medical-grade polymers incorporated with a dual-action S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-functionalized ampicillin (SNAPicillin) conjugated molecule through a solvent evaporation process. The resulting SNAPicillin-incorporated polymer materials act as broad-spectrum antibacterial surfaces that improve the administration efficacy of conventional antibiotics through the targeted release of both nitric oxide and ampicillin. The polymer surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and static contact angle measurements. The nitric oxide (NO) release profile and diffusion of SNAPicillin from polymers were quantified using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer (NOA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. As a result, the films had up to 2.96 × 10-7 mol cm-2 of total NO released within 24 hr. In addition, >79 % of the SNAPicillin reservoir was preserved in the polymers after 24 hr of incubation in the physiological environment, indicating their longer-term NO release ability and therapeutic window for antibacterial effects. The SNAPicillin-incorporated polymers reduced the viability of adhered bacteria in culture, with >95 % reduction found against clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, SNAPicillin-modified surfaces did not elicit a cytotoxic effect toward 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, supporting the material's biocompatibility in vitro. These results indicate that the complementary effects of NO-release and ampicillin in SNAPicillin-eluting polymers can enhance the properties of commonly infected medical device surfaces for antibacterial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Mark R Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Lori M Estes Bright
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Megan Brooks
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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21
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Lee I, Jo JW, Woo HJ, Suk KT, Lee SS, Kim BS. Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization by facilitating the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria in the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341635. [PMID: 38634770 PMCID: PMC11028007 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a global health threat; however, there is still limited understanding of the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of CRE colonization in the gut microbiome. We conducted a matched case-control study involving 282 intensive care unit patients to analyze influencing covariates on CRE colonization. Subsequently, their effects on the gut microbiome were analyzed in a subset of 98 patients (47 CRE carriers and 51 non-CRE carriers) using whole metagenome sequences. The concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics was a significant risk factor for CRE colonization. The gut microbiome differed according to PPI administration, even within the CRE and non-CRE groups. Moreover, the transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) harboring carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) between bacteria was higher in the PPI-treated group than in the PPI-not-treated group among CRE carriers. The concomitant use of PPIs and antibiotics significantly alters the gut microbiome and increases the risk of CRE colonization by facilitating the transfer of CRGs among bacteria of the gut microbiome. Based on these findings, improved stewardship of PPIs as well as antibiotics can provide strategies to reduce the risk of CRE colonization, thereby potentially improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imchang Lee
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jo
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Jeong Woo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soon Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Zhu DM, Ding Q, Li PH, Wang YL, Li YZ, Yu Li X, Li GM, Ma HX, Kong LC. Antimicrobial resistance in E. Coli of animal origin and discovery of a novel ICE mobile element in Northeast China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:255. [PMID: 38053138 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae including resistance to quinolones is rising worldwide. The development of resistance may lead to the emergence of new transmission mechanisms. In this study, the collection of different E. coli was performed from animals and subjected to subsequent procedures including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, micro-broth dilution method, polymerase chain reaction. Whole genome sequencing of E. coli C3 was performed to detect the affinity, antimicrobial resistance and major carriers of the isolates. RESULTS A total of 66 E. coli were isolated and their antibiotic resistance genes, frequency of horizontal transfer and genetic environment of E. coli C3 were determined. The results showed there were both different and same types in PFGE typing, indicating clonal transmission of E. coli among different animals. The detection of antimicrobial resistance and major antibiotic resistance genes and the plasmid transfer results showed that strains from different sources had high levels of resistance to commonly used clinical antibiotics and could be spread horizontally. Whole-genome sequencing discovered a novel ICE mobile element. CONCLUSION In summary, the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli in northeast China is a serious issue and there is a risk of antimicrobial resistance transmission. Meanwhile, a novel ICE mobile element appeared in the process of antimicrobial resistance formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Mi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Gong Mei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China.
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China.
| | - Ling Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street#2888, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng #Street, Changchun, 2888, 130118, P.R. China.
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23
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Aziz G, Zaidi A, Sullivan DJO'. Insights from metagenome-assembled genomes on the genetic stability and safety of over-the-counter probiotic products. Curr Genet 2023; 69:213-234. [PMID: 37237157 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The demand for and acceptance of probiotics is determined by their quality and safety. Illumina NGS sequencing and analytics were used to examine eight marketed probiotics. Up to the species level, sequenced DNA was taxonomically identified, and relative abundances were determined using Kaiju. The genomes were constructed using GTDB and validated through PATRICK and TYGS. A FastTree 2 phylogenetic tree was constructed using several type strain sequences from relevant species. Bacteriocin and ribosomally synthesized polypeptide (RiPP) genes were discovered, and a safety check was performed to test for toxins, antibiotic resistance, and genetic drift genes. Except for two products with unclaimed species, the labeling was taxonomically correct. In three product formulations, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Bifidobacterium animalis exhibited two to three genomic alterations, while Streptococcus equinus was found in one. TYGS and GDTB discovered E. faecium and L. paracasei in distinctly different ways. All the bacteria tested had the genetic repertoire to tolerate GIT transit, although some exhibited antibiotic resistance, and one strain had two virulence genes. Except for Bifidobacterium strains, the others revealed a variety of bacteriocins and ribosomally synthesized polypeptides (RiPP), 92% of which were unique and non-homologous to known ones. Plasmids and mobile genetic elements are present in strains of L. reuteri (NPLps01.et_L.r and NPLps02.uf_L.r), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NPLps01.et_L.d), Streptococcus thermophilus (NPLps06.ab_S.t), and E. faecium (NPLps07.nf_E.f). Our findings support the use of metagenomics to build better and efficient production and post-production practices for probiotic quality and safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad (ICT), Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad (ICT), Pakistan.
| | - Daniel J O ' Sullivan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Naha S, Basak P, Sands K, Milton R, Carvalho MJ, Mitra S, Bhattacharjee A, Sinha A, Mukherjee S, Saha B, Chattopadhyay P, Chakravorty PS, Nandy RK, Dutta S, Walsh TR, Basu S. Carriage and within-host diversity of mcr-1.1-harbouring Escherichia coli from pregnant mothers: inter- and intra-mother transmission dynamics of mcr-1.1. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2278899. [PMID: 37929689 PMCID: PMC10773534 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2278899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes via mobile genetic elements occur in the gut which can be transferred from mother to neonate during birth. This study is the first to analyse transmissible colistin resistance gene, mcr, in pregnant mothers and neonates. Samples were collected from pregnant mothers (rectal) and septicaemic neonates (rectal and blood) and analysed for the presence of mcr, its transmissibility, genome diversity, and exchange of mcr between isolates within an individual and across different individuals (not necessarily mother-baby pairs). mcr-1.1 was detected in rectal samples of pregnant mothers (n = 10, 0.9%), but not in neonates. All mcr-positive mothers gave birth to healthy neonates from whom rectal specimen were not collected. Hence, the transmission of mcr between these mother-neonate pairs could not be studied. mcr-1.1 was noted only in Escherichia coli (phylogroup A & B1), and carried few resistance and virulence genes. Isolates belonged to diverse sequence types (n = 11) with two novel STs (ST12452, ST12455). mcr-1.1 was borne on conjugative IncHI2 bracketed between ISApl1 on Tn6630, and the plasmids exhibited similarities in sequences across the study isolates. Phylogenetic comparison showed that study isolates were related to mcr-positive isolates of animal origin from Southeast Asian countries. Spread of mcr-1.1 within this study occurred either via similar mcr-positive clones or similar mcr-bearing plasmids in mothers. Though this study could not build evidence for mother-baby transmission but the presence of such genes in the maternal specimen may enhance the chances of transmission to neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Naha
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Kirsty Sands
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Zoology, Ineos Oxford Institute of Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Milton
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maria J. Carvalho
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Shravani Mitra
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Bhattacharjee
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Anuradha Sinha
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Suchandra Mukherjee
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Post-Graduate and Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bijan Saha
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Post-Graduate and Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Pinaki Chattopadhyay
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Post-Graduate and Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Chakravorty
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Post-Graduate and Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nandy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Timothy R. Walsh
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Zoology, Ineos Oxford Institute of Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sulagna Basu
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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25
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Fishbein SRS, Mahmud B, Dantas G. Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:772-788. [PMID: 37491458 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with numerous infectious and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, as the gut microbiome is a complex ecological network of microorganisms, the effects of antibiotics can be highly variable. With the advent of multi-omic approaches for systems-level profiling of microbial communities, we are beginning to identify microbiome-intrinsic and microbiome-extrinsic factors that affect microbiome dynamics during antibiotic exposure and subsequent recovery. In this Review, we discuss factors that influence restructuring of the gut microbiome on antibiotic exposure. We present an overview of the currently complex picture of treatment-induced changes to the microbial community and highlight essential considerations for future investigations of antibiotic-specific outcomes. Finally, we provide a synopsis of available strategies to minimize antibiotic-induced damage or to restore the pretreatment architectures of the gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye R S Fishbein
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bejan Mahmud
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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26
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Sharma BK, Sharma BP, Kunwar A, Basnet N, Magar PD, Adhikari S. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) with antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from door handles in hospitals of Pokhara, Western Nepal. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:139. [PMID: 37999796 PMCID: PMC10673770 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) in hospital associated fomites like door handles can serve as vehicles in transmission and may be the key factor in epidemiology of ESBL producing bacterial infection not only in a hospital setting but also in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBLs and antibiotic resistance of Gram-Negative pathogenic Bacteria isolated from door-handles in two selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal. The study was conducted in selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Western Nepal. A cross-sectional study design was used. The hospitals were selected randomly. A total of 100 swab samples were taken from door-handles. Isolation and identification of bacteria were done using standard microbiological procedures. An antibiotic susceptibility test, screening and confirmation of ESBLs were performed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute's guidelines. RESULTS Out of the 100 swab samples cultured, 96 (96%) showed bacterial growth. A total of one hundred and forty isolates were isolated in this study which were further identified based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The study also found that door handles/knobs had higher level of contamination in Outpatient Departments (OPDs), Emergency, Laboratory, General wards and Toilets, in that order as compared to Radiology Room, Staff rooms, Intensive Care Unit and Operation Theatre which were lower. The level of contamination varies depending on the traffic exposure and the environment. The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria identified was Escherichia coli 28.85%, followed by Klebsiella spp 21.15%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.38%, Proteus spp 11.54%, Enterobacter spp 9.62%, Acenetobacter spp 7.69%, Citrobacter spp 5.77%. The most effective drug of choice was Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Imipenem for many Gram-negative isolates. The overall prevalence of ESBLs in this study was 27.14%. Out of total 15 Escherichia coli isolated, 11(73.3%), Klebsiella spp 9/11 (81.8%); Pseudomonas spp 7/8 (87.5%), Proteus spp 4/6 (66.6%); Enterobacter spp 3/5 (60%), Acenetobacter spp 3/4 (75%) and Citrobacter spp 1/3 (33.3%) were found to be Extended β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs). CONCLUSION The isolation of of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and ESBLs in hospital environments and subsequent detection of high drug resistance patterns indicates a potentially serious public health challenge that strengthens the need for the effective and routine cleaning of door-handles in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Koirala Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Birendra Prasad Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Anjeela Kunwar
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Nirmala Basnet
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Padam Darlami Magar
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Sajana Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
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Li M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zheng W, Ai H, Zhao Y. Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6278-6317. [PMID: 38024316 PMCID: PMC10662204 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Li
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Youhuan Gong
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Cannano Tefei Technology, Co. LTD Room 1013, Building D, No. 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510535 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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28
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Thompson NT, Kitzenberg DA, Kao DJ. Persister-mediated emergence of antimicrobial resistance in agriculture due to antibiotic growth promoters. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:738-756. [PMID: 38173975 PMCID: PMC10758577 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The creation and continued development of antibiotics have revolutionized human health and disease for the past century. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health, and practices that contribute to the development of this threat need to be addressed. Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been used in low doses to increase growth and decrease the feed requirement of animal-derived food sources. A consequence of this practice is the accelerated emergence of antimicrobial resistance that can influence human health through its distribution via animal food products. In the laboratory setting, sublethal doses of antibiotics promote the expansion of bacterial persister populations, a low energy, low metabolism phenotype characterized broadly by antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the induction of persister bacteria has been positively correlated with an increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This body of evidence suggests that the use of antibiotics in agriculture at subtherapeutic levels is actively catalyzing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the expansion of bacterial persister populations, which is potentially leading to increased infections in humans and decreased antibiotic potency. There is an urgent need to address this debilitating effect on antibiotics and its influence on human health. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the topic of emerging antimicrobial resistance and its association with bacterial persister populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Thompson
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Kitzenberg
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel J Kao
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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29
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Ossa-Trujillo C, Taylor EA, Sarwar F, Vinasco J, Jordan ER, Buitrago JAG, Hagevoort GR, Lawhon SD, Piñeiro JM, Galloway-Peña J, Norman KN, Scott HM. Two-Dose Ceftiofur Treatment Increases Cephamycinase Gene Quantities and Fecal Microbiome Diversity in Dairy Cows Diagnosed with Metritis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2728. [PMID: 38004740 PMCID: PMC10673576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern worldwide; meanwhile, the impact of 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) antibiotics on the microbial communities of cattle and resistance within these communities is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of two-dose ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (2-CCFA) treatment on the fecal microbiota and on the quantities of second-and third-generation cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, and macrolide resistance genes in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in the southwestern United States. Across three dairy farms, 124 matched pairs of cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study. Following the product label regimen, CCFA was administered on days 0 and 3 to cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis. Healthy cows were pair-matched based on lactation number and calving date. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 6, and 16 and pooled in groups of 4 (n = 192) by farm, day, and treatment group for community DNA extraction. The characterization of community DNA included real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the following antibiotic resistance genes: blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, mphA, qnrB19, and the highly conserved 16S rRNA back-calculated to gene copies per gram of feces. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analyses were used to determine differences in bacterial community composition by treatment, day, and farm. Overall, blaCMY-2 gene copies per gram of feces increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the treated group compared to the untreated group on day 6 and remained elevated on day 16. However, blaCTX-M, mphA, and qnrB19 gene quantities did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.05) between treatment groups, days, or farms, suggesting a cephamycinase-specific enhancement in cows on these farms. Perhaps unexpectedly, 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic analyses showed that the fecal bacterial communities from treated animals on day 6 had significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) alpha and beta diversity than the untreated group. Two-dose ceftiofur treatment in dairy cows with metritis elevates cephamycinase gene quantities among all fecal bacteria while paradoxically increasing microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ossa-Trujillo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Ethan A. Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Fatima Sarwar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Ellen R. Jordan
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75252, USA;
| | - Jose A. García Buitrago
- Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA; (J.A.G.B.); (G.R.H.)
| | - G. Robert Hagevoort
- Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA; (J.A.G.B.); (G.R.H.)
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Juan M. Piñeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Harvey Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
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Ma R, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Kong Y, Lin J, Li Q, Li G, Yuan J. Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community during pig manure, kitchen waste, and sewage sludge composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118651. [PMID: 37499413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic solid wastes (OSWs) are important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Aerobic composting transforms OSWs into fertilizers. In this study, we investigated ARGs dynamics and their driving mechanisms in three OSW composts: pig manure (PM), kitchen waste (KC), and sewage sludge (SG). The dominant ARGs were different in each OSW, namely tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide resistance (PM); tetracyclines and aminoglycosides (KC); and sulfonamides (SG). ARGs abundance decreased in PM (71%) but increased in KC (5.9-fold) and SG (1.3-fold). Interestingly, the ARGs abundance was generally similar in all final composts, which was contributed to the similar bacterial community in final composts. In particular, sulfonamide and β-lactam resistant genes removed (100%) in PM, while sulfonamide in KC (38-fold) and tetracycline in SG (5-fold) increased the most. Additionally, ARGs abundance rebounded during the maturation period in all treatments. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the main ARGs hosts. Several persistent and high-risk genes included tetW, aadA, aadE, tetX, strB, tetA, mefA, intl1, and intl2. The structural equation models showed ARGs removal was mainly affected by physicochemical parameters and bacterial communities in PM, the ARGs enrichment in KC composting correlated with increased mobile genetic elements (MGEs). In general, thermophilic aerobic composting can inhibit the vertical gene transfer (VGT) of pig manure and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of sludge, but it increases the HGT of kitchen waste, resulting in a dramatic increase of ARGs in KC compost. More attention should be paid to the ARGs risk of kitchen waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacong Lin
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lin X, Zhang C, Han R, Li S, Peng H, Zhou X, Huang L, Xu Y. Oxytetracycline and heavy metals promote the migration of resistance genes in the intestinal microbiome by plasmid transfer. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2003-2013. [PMID: 37700035 PMCID: PMC10579362 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been considered the most important pathway to introduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which seriously threatens human health and biological security. The presence of ARGs in the aquatic environment and their effect on the intestinal micro-ecosystem of aquatic animals can occur easily. To investigate the HGT potential and rule of exogenous ARGs in the intestinal flora, a visual conjugative model was developed, including the donor of dual-fluorescent bacterium and the recipient of Xenopus tropicalis intestinal microbiome. Some common pollutants of oxytetracycline (OTC) and three heavy metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) were selected as the stressor. The multi-techniques of flow cytometry (FCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), single-cell Raman spectroscopy with sorting (SCRSS) and indicator analysis were used in this study. The results showed that ARG transfer could occur more easily under stressors. Moreover, the conjugation efficiency mainly depended on the viability of the intestinal bacteria. The mechanisms of OTC and heavy metal stressing conjugation included the upregulation of ompC, traJ, traG and the downregulation of korA gene. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX increased and the bacterial surface appearance also changed. The predominant recipient was identified as Citrobacter freundi by SCRSS, in which the abundance and quantity of ARG after conjugation were higher than those before. Therefore, since the diversity of potential recipients in the intestine are very high, the migration of invasive ARGs in the microbiome should be given more attention to prevent its potential risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shoupeng Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huishi Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Huang
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Svet L, Parijs I, Isphording S, Lories B, Marchal K, Steenackers HP. Competitive interactions facilitate resistance development against antimicrobials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0115523. [PMID: 37819078 PMCID: PMC10617502 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While the evolution of antimicrobial resistance is well studied in free-living bacteria, information on resistance development in dense and diverse biofilm communities is largely lacking. Therefore, we explored how the social interactions in a duo-species biofilm composed of the brewery isolates Pseudomonas rhodesiae and Raoultella terrigena influence the adaptation to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial sulfathiazole. Previously, we showed that the competition between these brewery isolates enhances the antimicrobial tolerance of P. rhodesiae. Here, we found that this enhanced tolerance in duo-species biofilms is associated with a strongly increased antimicrobial resistance development in P. rhodesiae. Whereas P. rhodesiae was not able to evolve resistance against sulfathiazole in monospecies conditions, it rapidly evolved resistance in the majority of the duo-species communities. Although the initial presence of R. terrigena was thus required for P. rhodesiae to acquire resistance, the resistance mechanisms did not depend on the presence of R. terrigena. Whole genome sequencing of resistant P. rhodesiae clones showed no clear mutational hot spots. This indicates that the acquired resistance phenotype depends on complex interactions between low-frequency mutations in the genetic background of the strains. We hypothesize that the increased tolerance in duo-species conditions promotes resistance by enhancing the selection of partially resistant mutants and opening up novel evolutionary trajectories that enable such genetic interactions. This hypothesis is reinforced by experimentally excluding potential effects of increased initial population size, enhanced mutation rate, and horizontal gene transfer. Altogether, our observations suggest that the community mode of life and the social interactions therein strongly affect the accessible evolutionary pathways toward antimicrobial resistance.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is one of the most studied bacterial properties due to its enormous clinical and industrial relevance; however, most research focuses on resistance development of a single species in isolation. In the present study, we showed that resistance evolution of brewery isolates can differ greatly between single- and mixed-species conditions. Specifically, we observed that the development of antimicrobial resistance in certain species can be significantly enhanced in co-culture as compared to the single-species conditions. Overall, the current study emphasizes the need of considering the within bacterial interactions in microbial communities when evaluating antimicrobial treatments and resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Svet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Parijs
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Isphording
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Biological Networks, UGent, Technologiepark 15, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bram Lories
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Biological Networks, UGent, Technologiepark 15, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans P. Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Leuven, Belgium
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Kani MM, Alabdali YAJ. Mobile genetic elements profiling, gene flow, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, isolated from Al Muthanna hospitals' wound and burn units in Iraq. Gene 2023; 884:147696. [PMID: 37549857 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence assessment of integrons among multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa receives much-needed attention from this study, as we achieved our desired objective by conducting a thorough analysis on one hundred swabs obtained from burn and clinical cases at the hospitals present in Al Muthanna governorate during November of the year 2021 through to March of the year 2022. By implementing various methodologies encompassing the scrutiny of growth traits and cellular composition as well as executing biochemical assays, a total of 55 isolates were determined to exhibit the existence of P. aeruginosa. When cultured in Hifluoro agar media, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced diverse hues; particularly noticeable was its blue-green colour. It was discovered through investigation that there were no intI2 and inti3 genes present in those isolated. Findings from this research disclosed that about one-fifth, or precisely twelve out of fifty-five P. aeruginosa strains screened, had an actively expressed Integrase I gene. The association between elevated rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and the existence of integrons is worth mentioning. Furthermore, the assemblage of isolates that were efficacious in the presence of integrons demonstrated an augmented resistance towards several frequently employed antibiotics like rifampicin and ceftazidime. In conclusion, it can be stated with confidence that a considerable occurrence of integrons can be observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that display resistance to numerous pharmaceutical agents. Additionally, the discovery of the intI1 gene in a considerable proportion of isolates underscores the effectiveness of integrons in conferring resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents. These revelations supplement our insight into antibiotic-resistant mechanisms while also underscoring the necessity for viable strategies aimed at halting and preventing bacterial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mezher Kani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Al Samawah, Iraq
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Sanz-García F, Gil-Gil T, Laborda P, Blanco P, Ochoa-Sánchez LE, Baquero F, Martínez JL, Hernando-Amado S. Translating eco-evolutionary biology into therapy to tackle antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:671-685. [PMID: 37208461 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most important public health problems. The golden age of antibiotic discovery ended decades ago, and new approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, preserving the efficacy of the antibiotics currently in use and developing compounds and strategies that specifically target antibiotic-resistant pathogens is critical. The identification of robust trends of antibiotic resistance evolution and of its associated trade-offs, such as collateral sensitivity or fitness costs, is invaluable for the design of rational evolution-based, ecology-based treatment approaches. In this Review, we discuss these evolutionary trade-offs and how such knowledge can aid in informing combination or alternating antibiotic therapies against bacterial infections. In addition, we discuss how targeting bacterial metabolism can enhance drug activity and impair antibiotic resistance evolution. Finally, we explore how an improved understanding of the original physiological function of antibiotic resistance determinants, which have evolved to reach clinical resistance after a process of historical contingency, may help to tackle antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sanz-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Gil-Gil
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Laborda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, Spain
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, 9301, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula Blanco
- Molecular Basis of Adaptation, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Zhang L, Gu J, Feng Y, He K, Jiang H. Effects of soil solarization combined with manure-amended on soil ARGs and microbial communities during summer fallow. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121950. [PMID: 37279818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil solarization (SS) is a technique for managing pathogens and weeds, which involves covering with transparent plastic to increase soil temperature during summer fallow (SF). However, SS also alters the diversity of bacterial communities. Therefore, during SF, various organic modifiers are used in combination with SS to improve its efficacy. Organic amendments may contain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) soils are vital to ensure food security and ecological balance. However, comprehensive study on the effects of SS combined with different types of manure on ARGs in GVP soils during SF remains unclear. Therefore, this study employed high-throughput qPCR to explore the effects of different organic amendments combined with SS on the abundance changes of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in GVP soils during SF. The abundance and diversity of ARGs and MGEs in GVP soils with different manure fertilization and SS decreased during SF. Horizontal gene transfer via MGEs (especially integrases 45.80%) induced by changes in environmental factors (NO3--N 14.7% and NH4+-N) was the main factor responsible for the changes in ARGs. Proteobacteria (14.3%) and Firmicutes were the main potential hosts of ARGs. Network analysis suggested that Ornithinimicrobium, Idiomarina and Corynebacterium had positive correlations with aminoglycosides, MLSB, and tetracycline resistance genes. These results provide new insights to understand the fate of ARGs in the GVP soils by manure-amended combined with SS during SF, which may help to reduce the spread of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yucheng Feng
- Department of C, rop, Soil & Environmental Sciences (formerly Agronomy and Soils), Auburn University, Auburn, AL36849, USA
| | - Kai He
- Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Branch), Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422208, China
| | - Haihong Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Bhat BA, Mir RA, Qadri H, Dhiman R, Almilaibary A, Alkhanani M, Mir MA. Integrons in the development of antimicrobial resistance: critical review and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231938. [PMID: 37720149 PMCID: PMC10500605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mainly through integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase to the target pathogenic host. Moreover, integrons play a central role in disseminating and assembling genes connected with antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. They exhibit a large and concealed diversity in the natural environment, raising concerns about their potential for comprehensive application in bacterial adaptation. They should be viewed as a dangerous pool of resistance determinants from the "One Health approach." Among the three documented classes of integrons reported viz., class-1, 2, and 3, class 1 has been found frequently associated with AMRs in humans and is a critical genetic element to serve as a target for therapeutics to AMRs through gene silencing or combinatorial therapies. The direct method of screening gene cassettes linked to pathogenesis and resistance harbored by integrons is a novel way to assess human health. In the last decade, they have witnessed surveying the integron-associated gene cassettes associated with increased drug tolerance and rising pathogenicity of human pathogenic microbes. Consequently, we aimed to unravel the structure and functions of integrons and their integration mechanism by understanding horizontal gene transfer from one trophic group to another. Many updates for the gene cassettes harbored by integrons related to resistance and pathogenicity are extensively explored. Additionally, an updated account of the assessment of AMRs and prevailing antibiotic resistance by integrons in humans is grossly detailed-lastly, the estimation of AMR dissemination by employing integrons as potential biomarkers are also highlighted. The current review on integrons will pave the way to clinical understanding for devising a roadmap solution to AMR and pathogenicity. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract displays how integron-aided AMRs to humans: Transposons capture integron gene cassettes to yield high mobility integrons that target res sites of plasmids. These plasmids, in turn, promote the mobility of acquired integrons into diverse bacterial species. The acquisitions of resistant genes are transferred to humans through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Oh SE, Heo S, Lee G, Park HJ, Jeong DW. Novel Starter Strain Enterococcus faecium DMEA09 from Traditional Korean Fermented Meju. Foods 2023; 12:3008. [PMID: 37628007 PMCID: PMC10453556 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus faecium strain DMEA09 was previously isolated from traditional Korean fermented meju. The objective of the current study was to investigate the traits of E. faecium strain DMEA09 as a starter candidate, focusing on its safety and technological properties. Regarding its safety, the DMEA09 strain was found to be sensitive to nine antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tylosin, and vancomycin) by showing lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than the cut-off values suggested by the European Union Food Safety Authority for these nine antibiotics. However, its MIC value for clindamycin was twice as high as the cut-off value. A genomic analysis revealed that strain DMEA09 did not encode the acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including those for clindamycin. The DMEA09 strain did not show hemolysis as a result of analyzing α- and β-hemolysis. It did not form biofilm either. A genomic analysis revealed that strain DMEA09 did not encode for any virulence factors including hemolysin. Most importantly, multilocus sequence typing revealed that the clonal group of strain DMEA09 was distinguished from clinical isolates. Regarding its technological properties, strain DMEA09 could grow in the presence of 6% salt. It showed protease activity when the salt concentration was 3%. It did not exhibit lipase activity. Its genome possessed 37 putative protease genes and salt-tolerance genes for survivability under salt conditions. Consequently, strain DMEA09 shows safe and technological properties as a new starter candidate. This was confirmed by genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
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Gül E, Abi Younes A, Huuskonen J, Diawara C, Nguyen BD, Maurer L, Bakkeren E, Hardt WD. Differences in carbon metabolic capacity fuel co-existence and plasmid transfer between Salmonella strains in the mouse gut. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1140-1153.e3. [PMID: 37348498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance plasmids can be disseminated between different Enterobacteriaceae in the gut. Here, we investigate how closely related Enterobacteriaceae populations with similar nutrient needs can co-bloom in the same gut and thereby facilitate plasmid transfer. Using different strains of Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm SL1344 and ATCC14028) and mouse models of Salmonellosis, we show that the bloom of one strain (i.e., recipient) from very low numbers in a gut pre-occupied by the other strain (i.e., donor) depends on strain-specific utilization of a distinct carbon source, galactitol or arabinose. Galactitol-dependent growth of the recipient S.Tm strain promotes plasmid transfer between non-isogenic strains and between E. coli and S.Tm. In mice stably colonized by a defined microbiota (OligoMM12), galactitol supplementation similarly facilitates co-existence of two S.Tm strains and promotes plasmid transfer. Our work reveals a metabolic strategy used by Enterobacteriaceae to expand in a pre-occupied gut and provides promising therapeutic targets for resistance plasmids spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gül
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Abi Younes
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jemina Huuskonen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheickna Diawara
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bidong D Nguyen
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Maurer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bakkeren
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zinno P, Perozzi G, Devirgiliis C. Foodborne Microbial Communities as Potential Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes for Pathogens: A Critical Review of the Recent Literature. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1696. [PMID: 37512869 PMCID: PMC10383130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global and increasing threat to human health. Several genetic determinants of AMR are found in environmental reservoirs, including bacteria naturally associated with widely consumed fermented foods. Through the food chain, these bacteria can reach the gut, where horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can occur within the complex and populated microbial environment. Numerous studies on this topic have been published over the past decades, but a conclusive picture of the potential impact of the non-pathogenic foodborne microbial reservoir on the spread of AMR to human pathogens has not yet emerged. This review critically evaluates a comprehensive list of recent experimental studies reporting the isolation of AMR bacteria associated with fermented foods, focusing on those reporting HGT events, which represent the main driver of AMR spread within and between different bacterial communities. Overall, our analysis points to the methodological heterogeneity as a major weakness impairing determination or a causal relation between the presence of AMR determinants within the foodborne microbial reservoir and their transmission to human pathogens. The aim is therefore to highlight the main gaps and needs to better standardize future studies addressing the potential role of non-pathogenic bacteria in the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zinno
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Devirgiliis
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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40
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Herviou P, Balvay A, Bellet D, Bobet S, Maudet C, Staub J, Alric M, Leblond-Bourget N, Delorme C, Rabot S, Denis S, Payot S. Transfer of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE St3 of Streptococcus thermophilus in Physiological Conditions Mimicking the Human Digestive Ecosystem. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0466722. [PMID: 36995244 PMCID: PMC10269554 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenome analyses of the human microbiome suggest that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is frequent in these rich and complex microbial communities. However, so far, only a few HGT studies have been conducted in vivo. In this work, three different systems mimicking the physiological conditions encountered in the human digestive tract were tested, including (i) the TNO gastro-Intestinal tract Model 1 (TIM-1) system (for the upper part of the intestine), (ii) the ARtificial COLon (ARCOL) system (to mimic the colon), and (iii) a mouse model. To increase the likelihood of transfer by conjugation of the integrative and conjugative element studied in the artificial digestive systems, bacteria were entrapped in alginate, agar, and chitosan beads before being placed in the different gut compartments. The number of transconjugants detected decreased, while the complexity of the ecosystem increased (many clones in TIM-1 but only one clone in ARCOL). No clone was obtained in a natural digestive environment (germfree mouse model). In the human gut, the richness and diversity of the bacterial community would offer more opportunities for HGT events to occur. In addition, several factors (SOS-inducing agents, microbiota-derived factors) that potentially increase in vivo HGT efficiency were not tested here. Even if HGT events are rare, expansion of the transconjugant clones can happen if ecological success is fostered by selecting conditions or by events that destabilize the microbial community. IMPORTANCE The human gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining normal host physiology and health, but its homeostasis is fragile. During their transit in the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria conveyed by food can exchange genes with resident bacteria. New traits acquired by HGT (e.g., new catabolic properties, bacteriocins, antibiotic resistance) can impact the gut microbial composition and metabolic potential. We showed here that TIM-1, a system mimicking the upper digestive tract, is a useful tool to evaluate HGT events in conditions closer to the physiological ones. Another important fact pointed out in this work is that Enterococcus faecalis is a good candidate for foreign gene acquisition. Due to its high ability to colonize the gut and acquire mobile genetic elements, this commensal bacterium could serve as an intermediate for HGT in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Herviou
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Balvay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Deborah Bellet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Bobet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Maudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Staub
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
| | - Monique Alric
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Christine Delorme
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, France
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Yang M, Liu D, Li X, Xiao C, Mao Y, He J, Feng J, Wang L. Characterizations of blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-64 in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli from China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1158659. [PMID: 37649630 PMCID: PMC10464524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria are common in the community and hospitals. To monitor ESBLs mediated by the CTX-M genotype, we collected clinical ESBL pathogenic strains from a hospital in central China and observed a strain of Escherichia coli, namely Ec15103 carrying blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-64 and blaTEM-1, isolated from the blood of a 7-day-old infant in 2015. Strain Ec15103 contains two drug resistance plasmids: pEc15103A, an IncFI-type plasmid that cannot be conjugatively transferred and carries the drug resistance genes blaTEM-1, aacC2, aadA5, sul1, mph(A), sul2, strAB, and tetA(A); and pEc15103B, an IncK2/Z-type plasmid that carries the conjugation transfer gene and blaCTX-M-14. In addition, blaCTX-M-64 is located on the chromosome of Ec15103, and it is the first report of pathogen with blaCTX-M-64 located on its chromosome (the search terms used "blaCTX-M-64" and "chromosome"). blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-64 are carried by ISEcp1-mediated transposon Tn6503a and Tn6502, respectively. The conjugation transfer ability of pEc15103B was significantly inhibited by zidovudine (AZT) and linoleic acid (LA) and that expression of blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-64 and blaTEM-1 at the mRNA level did not change based on the concentration of cefotaxime or ampicillin. Co-occurrence of blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-64 in a single isolate will enhance the drug resistance of bacteria, and the presence of blaCTX-M-64 in the chromosome may make the resistance more maintain. This fact will facilitate its dissemination and persistence under different antimicrobial selection pressures. It is essential to prevent these strains from further spreading in a hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chuting Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingge Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhang X, Liu S, Sun H, Huang K, Ye L. Impact of different organic matters on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:273-283. [PMID: 36522059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in various environments has drawn worldwide attention due to their potential risks. Previous studies have reported that a variety of substances can enhance the occurrence and dissemination of ARGs. However, few studies have compared the response of ARGs under the stress of different organic matters in biological wastewater treatment systems. In this study, seven organic pollutants were added into wastewater treatment bioreactors to investigate their impacts on the ARG occurrence in activated sludge. Based on high-throughput sequencing, it was found that the microbial communities and ARG patterns were significantly changed in the activated sludge exposed to these organic pollutants. Compared with the non-antibiotic refractory organic matters, antibiotics not only increased the abundance of ARGs but also significantly changed the ARG compositions. The increase of Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Archangium, Prosthecobacter and Dokdonella) carrying ARGs could be the main cause of ARG proliferation. In addition, significant co-occurrence relationships between ARGs and mobile genetic elements were also observed in the sludge samples, which may also affect the ARG diversity and abundance during the organic matter treatment in the bioreactors. Overall, these findings provide new information for better understanding the ARG occurrence and dissemination caused by organic pollutants in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Suwan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- Nanjing Jiangdao Institute of Environmental Research Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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43
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Snaith AE, Dunn SJ, Moran RA, Newton PN, Dance DAB, Davong V, Kuenzli E, Kantele A, Corander J, McNally A. The highly diverse plasmid population found in Escherichia coli colonizing travellers to Laos and its role in antimicrobial resistance gene carriage. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001000. [PMID: 37171860 PMCID: PMC10272864 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased colonization by antimicrobial-resistant organisms is closely associated with international travel. This study investigated the diversity of mobile genetic elements involved with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli that colonized travellers to Laos. Long-read sequencing was used to reconstruct complete plasmid sequences from 48 isolates obtained from the daily stool samples of 23 travellers over a 3 week period. This method revealed a collection of 105 distinct plasmids, 38.1 % (n=40) of which carried AMR genes. The plasmids in this population were diverse, mostly unreported and included 38 replicon types, with F-type plasmids (n=23) the most prevalent amongst those carrying AMR genes. Fine-scale analysis of all plasmids identified numerous AMR gene contexts and emphasized the importance of IS elements, specifically members of the IS6/IS26 family, in the evolution of complex multidrug resistance regions. We found a concerning convergence of ESBL and colistin resistance determinants, with three plasmids from two different F-type lineages carrying bla CTX-M and mcr genes. The extensive diversity seen here highlights the worrying probability that stable new vehicles for AMR will evolve in E. coli populations that can disseminate internationally through travel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Snaith
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Steven J. Dunn
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert A. Moran
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul N. Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Rue Mahosot, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David A. B. Dance
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Rue Mahosot, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Viengmon Davong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Rue Mahosot, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Esther Kuenzli
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Corander
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan McNally
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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44
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Yuan X, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Han Y, Liu Z, Zhang H. A Review of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Resistance Genes in Aquaculture: Occurrence, Contamination, and Transmission. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050420. [PMID: 37235235 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent and control diseases in aquaculture. However, long-term/overuse of antibiotics not only leaves residues but results in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs are widespread in aquaculture ecosystems. However, their impacts and interaction mechanisms in biotic and abiotic media remain to be clarified. In this paper, we summarized the detection methods, present status, and transfer mechanisms of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in water, sediment, and aquaculture organisms. Currently, the dominant methods of detecting antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs are UPLC-MS/MS, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metagenomics, respectively. Tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides are most frequently detected in aquaculture. Generally, antibiotic concentrations and ARG abundance in sediment are much higher than those in water. Yet, no obvious patterns in the category of antibiotics or ARB are present in organisms or the environment. The key mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria include reducing the cell membrane permeability, enhancing antibiotic efflux, and structural changes in antibiotic target proteins. Moreover, horizontal transfer is a major pathway for ARGs transfer, including conjugation, transformation, transduction, and vesiculation. Identifying, quantifying, and summarizing the interactions and transmission mechanisms of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB would provide useful information for future disease diagnosis and scientific management in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ziqing Lv
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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45
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Maphosa S, Moleleki LN, Motaung TE. Bacterial secretion system functions: evidence of interactions and downstream implications. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37083586 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented insights into the biology and functions of bacteria have been and continue to be gained through studying bacterial secretion systems in isolation. This method, however, results in our understanding of the systems being primarily based on the idea that they operate independently, ignoring the subtleties of downstream interconnections. Gram-negative bacteria are naturally able to adapt to and navigate their frequently varied and dynamic surroundings, mostly because of the covert connections between secretion systems. Therefore, to comprehend some of the linked downstream repercussions for organisms that follow this discourse, it is vital to have mechanistic insights into how the intersecretion system functions in bacterial rivalry, virulence, and survival, among other things. To that purpose, this paper discusses a few key instances of molecular antagonistic and interdependent relationships between bacterial secretion systems and their produced functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silindile Maphosa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucy N Moleleki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thabiso E Motaung
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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Rodríguez-González L, Núñez-Delgado A, Álvarez-Rodríguez E, Díaz-Raviña M, Arias-Estévez M, Fernández-Calviño D, Santás-Miguel V. Direct toxicity of six antibiotics on soil bacterial communities affected by the addition of bio-adsorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121161. [PMID: 36720341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the toxicity caused by antibiotics on bacterial communities in the soil is one of the great challenges of this century. For this, the effectiveness of amending the soil with different bioadsorbents such as crushed mussel shell (CMS), pine bark (PB) and biomass ash (BA), as well as combinations of them (CMS + PB and PB + BA) was studied at different doses (0 g kg-1 to 48 g kg-1). Soil samples were spiked, separately, with increasing doses (0-2000 mg kg-1) of cefuroxime (CMX), amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), azithromycin (AZI), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and trimethoprim (TMP). Their toxicity on bacterial growth was estimated using the tritium-labeled leucine (3H) incorporation method. Toxicity was observed to behave differently depending on the antibiotic family and bioadsorbent, although in different magnitude and at different doses. The toxicity of β-lactams (AMX and CXM) was reduced by up to 54% when the highest doses of bio-adsorbents were added due to the increase in pH (CMS and BA) and carbon (PB) contribution. Macrolides (CLA and AZI) showed slight toxicity in un-amended soil samples, which increased by up to 65% with the addition of the bio-adsorbents. The toxicity of CIP (a fluoroquinolone) increased with the dose of the bio-adsorbents, reaching up to 20% compared with the control. Finally, the toxicity of TMP (a diaminopyrimidine) slightly increased with the dose of bio-adsorbents. The by-products that increase soil pH are those that showed the highest increases of CLA, AZI, CIP and TMP toxicities. These results could help to prevent/reduce environmental pollution caused by different kinds of antibiotics, selecting the most appropriated bio-adsorbents and doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-González
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Univ, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Univ, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Montserrat Díaz-Raviña
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado 122, 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Univ, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Calviño
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Vanesa Santás-Miguel
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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47
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Platani M, Sokefun O, Bassil E, Apidianakis Y. Genetic engineering and genome editing in plants, animals and humans: Facts and myths. Gene 2023; 856:147141. [PMID: 36574935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human history is inextricably linked to the introduction of desirable heritable traits in plants and animals. Selective breeding (SB) predates our historical period and has been practiced since the advent of agriculture and farming more than ten thousand years ago. Since the 1970s, methods of direct plant and animal genome manipulation are constantly being developed. These are collectively described as "genetic engineering" (GE). Plant GE aims to improve nutritional value, insect resistance and weed control. Animal GE has focused on livestock improvement and disease control. GE applications also involve medical improvements intended to treat human disease. The scientific consensus built around marketed products of GE organisms (GEOs) is usually well established, noting significant benefits and low risks. GEOs are exhaustively scrutinized in the EU and many non-EU countries for their effects on human health and the environment, but scrutiny should be equally applied to all previously untested organisms derived directly from nature or through selective breeding. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that natural or selectively bred plants and animals are in principle safer to humans than GEOs. Natural and selectively bred strains evolve over time via genetic mutations that can be as risky to humans and the environment as the mutations found in GEOs. Thus, previously untested plant and animal strains aimed for marketing should be proven useful or harmful to humans only upon comparative testing, regardless of their origin. Highlighting the scientific consensus declaring significant benefits and rather manageable risks provided by equitably accessed GEOs, can mitigate negative predispositions by policy makers and the public. Accordingly, we provide an overview of the underlying technologies and the scientific consensus to help resolve popular myths about the safety and usefulness of GEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Platani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Owolabi Sokefun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Malin JJ, von Wintersdorff CJH, Penders J, Savelkoul PHM, Wolffs PFG. Longitudinal fluctuations of common antimicrobial resistance genes in the gut microbiomes of healthy Dutch individuals. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106716. [PMID: 36640847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), collectively termed the 'resistome'. To date, few studies have examined the dynamics of the human gut resistome in healthy individuals. Previously, the authors observed high rates of ARG acquisition and significant abundance shifts during international travel. In order to provide insight into commonly occurring dynamics, this study investigated longitudinal fluctuations in prevalent ARGs (cfxA, tetM and ermB) in the resistomes of non-travelling healthy volunteers. In addition, this study assessed the prevalence of acquirable ARGs (blaCTX-M, qnrB, qnrS, vanA and vanB) over time. Faecal samples from 23 participants were collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. DNA was isolated, and ARG quantification was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction adjusting for the total amount of bacterial 16S rDNA. vanA and qnrS were not detected in any of the samples, while the prevalence rates of vanB of non-enterococcal origin and qnrB were 73.9% and 5.7%, respectively. The ß-lactamase encoding blaCTX-M was detected in 17.4% of healthy participants. The results were compared with previous data from 122 travellers. ARG acquisitions observed in travellers were rare in non-travelling individuals during 4 weeks of follow-up, supporting the hypothesis of ARG acquisition during international travel. However, median -1.04- to 1.04-fold abundance changes were observed for 100% of cfxA, tetM and ermB, which did not differ from those found in travellers. Thus, common abundance shifts in prevalent ARGs of the gut resistome were found to occur independent of travel behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob J Malin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J H von Wintersdorff
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Petra F G Wolffs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Spatially and Temporally Confined Response of Gastrointestinal Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels to Sulfadiazine and Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Gene Exposure in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020210. [PMID: 36829487 PMCID: PMC9953105 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the impact of antibiotics and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) on the dynamics of gastrointestinal antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) levels of different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of mouse models were analyzed and compared after exposure to clinical concentrations of sulfadiazine and environmental levels of eARGs carried by the conjugative plasmid pR55. Exposure to sulfadiazine and eARGs led to significant changes in ARG levels by as many as four log-folds. Further analysis showed that the response of ARG levels appeared from 12-16 days after exposure and diminished 20 days after exposure. The responses in ARG levels were also restricted to different gastrointestinal segments for sulfadiazine and eARGs. Combined exposure of sulfadiazine and eARGs was unable to further increase ARG levels. From these findings, we concluded that the short-term consumption of environmental levels of eARGs and uptake of clinical levels of antibiotics lead to a spatially and temporally confined response in gastrointestinal AMR. These findings further clarify the detrimental impacts of antibiotic and eARG uptake, and the complexity of AMR development and dissemination dynamics in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Conjugative RP4 Plasmid-Mediated Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes to Commensal and Multidrug-Resistant Enteric Bacteria In Vitro. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010193. [PMID: 36677486 PMCID: PMC9860721 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many antibiotic-resistant bacteria carry resistance genes on conjugative plasmids that are transferable to commensals and pathogens. We determined the ability of multiple enteric bacteria to acquire and retransfer a broad-host-range plasmid RP4. We used human-derived commensal Escherichia coli LM715-1 carrying a chromosomal red fluorescent protein gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled broad-host-range RP4 plasmid with ampR, tetR, and kanR in in vitro matings to rifampicin-resistant recipients, including Escherichia coli MG1655, Dec5α, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter rodentium, and Salmonella Typhimurium. Transconjugants were quantified on selective media and confirmed using fluorescence microscopy and PCR for the GFP gene. The plasmid was transferred from E. coli LM715-1 to all tested recipients except P. aeruginosa. Transfer frequencies differed between specific donor-recipient pairings (10-2 to 10-8). Secondary retransfer of plasmid from transconjugants to E. coli LM715-1 occurred at frequencies from 10-2 to 10-7. A serial passage plasmid persistence assay showed plasmid loss over time in the absence of antibiotics, indicating that the plasmid imposed a fitness cost to its host, although some plasmid-bearing cells persisted for at least ten transfers. Thus, the RP4 plasmid can transfer to multiple clinically relevant bacterial species without antibiotic selection pressure.
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