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Adly HA, El-Okby AWY, Yehya AA, El-Shamy AA, Galhom RA, Hashem MA, Ahmed MF. Circumferential Esophageal Reconstruction Using a Tissue-engineered Decellularized Tunica Vaginalis Graft in a Rabbit Model. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1486-1497. [PMID: 38692944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric surgeons have faced esophageal reconstruction challenges for decades owing to a variety of congenital and acquired conditions. This work aimed to introduce a reproducible and efficient approach for creating tissue-engineered esophageal tissue using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in preconditioned mediums seeded on a sheep decellularized tunica vaginalis (DTV) scaffold for partial reconstruction of a rabbit's esophagus. METHODS DTV was performed using SDS and Triton X-100 solutions. The decellularized grafts were employed alone (DTV group) or after recellularization with BMSCs cultured for 10 days in preconditioned mediums (RTV group) for reconstructing a 3 cm segmental defect in the cervical esophagus of rabbits (n = 20) after the decellularization process was confirmed. Rabbits were observed for one month, after which they were euthanized, and the reconstructed esophagi were harvested for histological analysis. RESULTS Six rabbits in the DTV group and eight rabbits in the RTV group survived until the end of the one-month study period. Despite histological examination demonstrating that both grafts completely repaired the esophageal defect, the RTV graft demonstrated a histological structure similar to that of the normal esophagus. The reconstructed esophagi in the RTV group revealed the arrangement of the different layers of the esophageal wall with the formation of newly formed blood vessels and Schwann-like cells. CONCLUSION DTV xenograft is a novel scaffold that promotes cell adhesion and differentiation and might be effectively utilized for regenerating esophageal tissue, paving the way for future clinical trials in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Adly
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Wahab Y El-Okby
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz Yehya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Shamy
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania A Galhom
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Tissue Culture Lab, Center of Excellence of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hashem
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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2
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Vuong TNAM, Bartolf‐Kopp M, Andelovic K, Jungst T, Farbehi N, Wise SG, Hayward C, Stevens MC, Rnjak‐Kovacina J. Integrating Computational and Biological Hemodynamic Approaches to Improve Modeling of Atherosclerotic Arteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307627. [PMID: 38704690 PMCID: PMC11234431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, resulting in mortality, elevated healthcare costs, diminished productivity, and reduced quality of life for individuals and their communities. This is exacerbated by the limited understanding of its underlying causes and limitations in current therapeutic interventions, highlighting the need for sophisticated models of atherosclerosis. This review critically evaluates the computational and biological models of atherosclerosis, focusing on the study of hemodynamics in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Computational models account for the geometrical complexities and hemodynamics of the blood vessels and stenoses, but they fail to capture the complex biological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Different in vitro and in vivo biological models can capture aspects of the biological complexity of healthy and stenosed vessels, but rarely mimic the human anatomy and physiological hemodynamics, and require significantly more time, cost, and resources. Therefore, emerging strategies are examined that integrate computational and biological models, and the potential of advances in imaging, biofabrication, and machine learning is explored in developing more effective models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bartolf‐Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Kristina Andelovic
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht3584Netherlands
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Garvan Weizmann Center for Cellular GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Christopher Hayward
- St Vincent's HospitalSydneyVictor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydney2010Australia
| | | | - Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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3
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Pearson A, Gafner S, Rider CV, Embry M, Ferguson SS, Mitchell CA. Plant vs. Kidney: Evaluating Nephrotoxicity of Botanicals with the Latest Toxicological Tools. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 32:100371. [PMID: 36311298 PMCID: PMC9601601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Botanicals can cause nephrotoxicity via numerous mechanisms, including disrupting renal blood flow, damaging compartments along the nephron, and obstructing urinary flow. While uncommon, there are various reports of botanical-induced nephrotoxicity in the literature, such as from aristolochia (Aristolochia spp.) and rhubarb (Rheum spp.). However, at present, it is a challenge to assess the toxic potential of botanicals because their chemical composition is variable due to factors such as growing conditions and extraction techniques. Therefore, selecting a single representative sample for an in vivo study is difficult. Given the increasing use of botanicals as dietary supplements and herbal medicine, new approach methodologies (NAMs) are needed to evaluate the potential for renal toxicity to ensure public safety. Such approaches include in vitro models that use layers of physiological complexity to emulate the in vivo microenvironment, enhance the functional viability and differentiation of cell cultures, and improve sensitivity to nephrotoxic insults. Furthermore, computational tools such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can add confidence to these tools by simulating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The development and implementation of NAMs for renal toxicity testing will allow specific mechanistic data to be generated, leading to a better understanding of the nephrotoxic potential of botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pearson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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4
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Su XL, Wang SH, Komal S, Cui LG, Ni RC, Zhang LR, Han SN. The caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 upregulates connexin 43 expression and improves cell-cell communication after myocardial infarction via suppressing the IL-1β/p38 MAPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2289-2301. [PMID: 35132192 PMCID: PMC9433445 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most important protein in the gap junction channel between cardiomyocytes. Abnormalities of Cx43 change the conduction velocity and direction of cardiomyocytes, leading to reentry and conduction block of the myocardium, thereby causing arrhythmia. It has been shown that IL-1β reduces the expression of Cx43 in astrocytes and cardiomyocytes in vitro. However, whether caspase-1 and IL-1β affect connexin 43 after myocardial infarction (MI) is uncertain. In this study we investigated the effects of VX765, a caspase-1 inhibitor, on the expression of Cx43 and cell-to-cell communication after MI. Rats were treated with VX765 (16 mg/kg, i.v.) 1 h before the left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation, and then once daily for 7 days. The ischemic heart was collected for histochemical analysis and Western blot analysis. We showed that VX765 treatment significantly decreased the infarct area, and alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β expression in the heart after MI. In addition, VX765 treatment markedly raised Cx43 levels in the heart after MI. In vitro experiments were conducted in rat cardiac myocytes (RCMs) stimulated with the supernatant from LPS/ATP-treated rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs). Pretreatment of the RCFs with VX765 (25 μM) reversed the downregulation of Cx43 expression in RCMs and significantly improved intercellular communication detected using a scrape-loading/dye transfer assay. We revealed that VX765 suppressed the activation of p38 MAPK signaling in the heart tissue after MI as well as in RCMs stimulated with the supernatant from LPS/ATP-treated RCFs. Taken together, these data show that the caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 upregulates Cx43 expression and improves cell-to-cell communication in rat heart after MI via suppressing the IL-1β/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liu-Gen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rui-Cong Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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5
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van Kampen KA, Fernández-Pérez J, Baker M, Mota C, Moroni L. Fabrication of a mimetic vascular graft using melt spinning with tailorable fiber parameters. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212972. [PMID: 35882129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells play a pivotal role in maintaining blood pressure and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These cells have a characteristic spindle shape and are aligned in the radial direction to aid in the constriction of any artery. Tissue engineered grafts have the potential to recreate this alignment and offer a viable alternative to non-resorbable or autologous grafts. Specifically, with melt spinning small diameter fibers can be created that can align circumferentially on the scaffolds. In this study, a set of simplified equations were formulated to predict the final fiber parameters. Smooth muscle cell alignment was monitored on the fabricated scaffolds. Finally, a co-culture of smooth muscle cells in direct contact with endothelial cells was performed to assess the influence of the smooth muscle cell alignment on the morphology of the endothelial cells. The results show that the equations were able to accurately predict the fiber diameter, distance and angle. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells aligned according to the fiber direction mimicking the native orientation. The co-culture with endothelial cells showed that the aligned smooth muscle cells did not have an influence on the morphology of the endothelial cells. In conclusion, we formulated a series of equations that can predict the fiber parameters during melt spinning. Furthermore, the method described here can create a vascular graft with smooth muscle cells aligned circumferentially that morphologically mimics the native orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny A van Kampen
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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6
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A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030092. [PMID: 35893460 PMCID: PMC9326639 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied. The chambers are known as parallel plate, T-chamber, step, cone plate, and stretch. The stimulated functions or signals from endothelial cells by flows are extensively connected to other outer layers of arteries or organs. The coculture layer was developed in a chamber to investigate the interaction between smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the blood vessel wall in vascular physiology and pathology. Additionally, the microfabrication technology used to create a chamber for a microfluidic device involves both mechanical and chemical stimulation of cells to show their dynamics in in vivo microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the blood flow (flow inducing) for the functions connecting to endothelial cells and blood vessels, and to find directions for future chamber and device developments for further understanding and application of vascular functions. The relationship between chamber design flow, cell layers, and microfluidics was studied.
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7
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Meki M, El-Baz A, Sethu P, Giridharan G. Effects of Pulsatility on Arterial Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:272-284. [PMID: 35344966 PMCID: PMC10782761 DOI: 10.1159/000524317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow ventricular assist device (CFVAD) support in advanced heart failure patients causes diminished pulsatility, which has been associated with adverse events including gastrointestinal bleeding, end organ failure, and arteriovenous malformation. Recently, pulsatility augmentation by pump speed modulation has been proposed as a means to minimize adverse events. Pulsatility primarily affects endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vasculature. To study the effects of pulsatility and pulse modulation using CFVADs, we have developed a microfluidic co-culture model with human aortic endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that can replicate physiologic pressures, flows, shear stresses, and cyclical stretch. The effects of pulsatility and pulse frequency on ECs and SMCs were evaluated during (1) normal pulsatile flow (120/80 mmHg, 60 bpm), (2) diminished pulsatility (98/92 mmHg, 60 bpm), and (3) low cyclical frequency (115/80 mmHg, 30 bpm). Shear stresses were estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. While average shear stresses (4.2 dynes/cm2) and flows (10.1 mL/min) were similar, the peak shear stresses for normal pulsatile flow (16.9 dynes/cm2) and low cyclic frequency (19.5 dynes/cm2) were higher compared to diminished pulsatility (6.45 dynes/cm2). ECs and SMCs demonstrated significantly lower cell size with diminished pulsatility compared to normal pulsatile flow. Low cyclical frequency resulted in normalization of EC cell size but not SMCs. SMCs size was higher with low frequency condition compared to diminished pulsatility but did not normalize to normal pulsatility condition. These results may suggest that pressure amplitude augmentation may have a greater effect in normalizing ECs, while both pressure amplitude and frequency may be required to normalize SMCs morphology. The co-culture model may be an ideal platform to study flow modulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Meki
- Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Palanaippan Sethu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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8
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Pan C, Gao Q, Kim BS, Han Y, Gao G. The Biofabrication of Diseased Artery In Vitro Models. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020326. [PMID: 35208450 PMCID: PMC8874977 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the leading causes of global death, cardiovascular diseases are generally initiated by artery-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm. Although clinical treatments have been developed to rescue patients suffering from artery-related disorders, the underlying pathologies of these arterial abnormalities are not fully understood. Biofabrication techniques pave the way to constructing diseased artery in vitro models using human vascular cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, which are capable of recapitulating arterial pathophysiology with superior performance compared with conventional planar cell culture and experimental animal models. This review discusses the critical elements in the arterial microenvironment which are important considerations for recreating biomimetic human arteries with the desired disorders in vitro. Afterward, conventionally biofabricated platforms for the investigation of arterial diseases are summarized, along with their merits and shortcomings, followed by a comprehensive review of advanced biofabrication techniques and the progress of their applications in establishing diseased artery models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Qiqi Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Byoung-Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626841, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Yafeng Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
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Apolipoprotein (a)/Lipoprotein(a)-Induced Oxidative-Inflammatory α7-nAChR/p38 MAPK/IL-6/RhoA-GTP Signaling Axis and M1 Macrophage Polarization Modulate Inflammation-Associated Development of Coronary Artery Spasm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9964689. [PMID: 35096275 PMCID: PMC8793348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9964689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Apolipoprotein (a)/lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), a major carrier of oxidized phospholipids, and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) may play an important role in the development of coronary artery spasm (CAS). In CAS, the association between Lp(a) and the α7-nAChR-modulated inflammatory macrophage polarization and activation and smooth muscle cell dysfunction remains unknown. Methods. We investigated the relevance of Lp(a)/α7-nAChR signaling in patient monocyte-derived macrophages and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) using expression profile correlation analyses, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting flow cytometry, immunoblotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and clinicopathological analyses. Results. There are increased serum Lp(a) levels (3.98-fold,
) and macrophage population (3.30-fold,
) in patients with CAS compared with patients without CAS. Serum Lp(a) level was positively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (
,
), IL-6 (
,
), and α7-nAChR (
,
) in patients with CAS, but not in patients without CAS. Compared with untreated or low-density lipoprotein- (LDL-) treated macrophages, Lp(a)-treated macrophages exhibited markedly enhanced α7-nAChR mRNA expression (
) and activity (
), in vitro and ex vivo. Lp(a) but not LDL preferentially induced CD80+ macrophage (M1) polarization and reduced the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and the subsequent NO production. While shRNA-mediated loss of α7-nAChR function reduced the Lp(a)-induced CD80+ macrophage pool, both shRNA and anti-IL-6 receptor tocilizumab suppressed Lp(a)-upregulated α7-nAChR, p-p38 MAPK, IL-6, and RhoA-GTP protein expression levels in cultures of patient monocyte-derived macrophages and HCASMCs. Conclusions. Elevated Lp(a) levels upregulate α7-nAChR/IL-6/p38 MAPK signaling in macrophages of CAS patients and HCASMC, suggesting that Lp(a)-triggered inflammation mediates CAS through α7-nAChR/p38 MAPK/IL-6/RhoA-GTP signaling induction, macrophage M1 polarization, and HCASMC activation.
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Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in regulating tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapies. Accurately modeling the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) requires the use of primary cells from patient samples. Here we describe methods for the isolation of both primary CAFs and fibroblasts from omental tissue using a combination of mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. Primary cells can be used for functional and mechanistic studies and may be safely cryopreserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zawieracz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A Eckert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Modular 3D In Vitro Artery-Mimicking Multichannel System for Recapitulating Vascular Stenosis and Inflammation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121528. [PMID: 34945377 PMCID: PMC8709401 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and the immune response in atherosclerosis are complex processes involving local hemodynamics, the interaction of dysfunctional cells, and various pathological environments. Here, a modular multichannel system that mimics the human artery to demonstrate stenosis and inflammation and to study physical and chemical effects on biomimetic artery models is presented. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were cocultured in the wrinkled surface in vivo-like circular channels to recapitulate the artery. An artery-mimicking multichannel module comprised four channels for the fabrication of coculture models and assigned various conditions for analysis to each model simultaneously. The manipulation became reproducible and stable through modularization, and each module could be replaced according to analytical purposes. A chamber module for culture was replaced with a microfluidic concentration gradient generator (CGG) module to achieve the cellular state of inflamed lesions by providing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in addition to the stenosis structure by tuning the channel geometry. Different TNF-α doses were administered in each channel by the CGG module to create functional inflammation models under various conditions. Through the tunable channel geometry and the microfluidic interfacing, this system has the potential to be used for further comprehensive research on vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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12
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Fluid shear stress regulates placental growth factor expression via heme oxygenase 1 and iron. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14912. [PMID: 34290391 PMCID: PMC8295300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fluid shear stress (FSS) is a key initiating stimulus for arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of collateral arterioles in response to upstream occlusion. Placental growth factor (PLGF) is an important arteriogenic mediator. We previously showed that elevated FSS increases PLGF in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion both in vitro and ex vivo. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that is upregulated by stress and has arteriogenic effects. In the current study, we used isolated murine mesentery arterioles and co-cultures of human coronary artery endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) to test the hypothesis that HO-1 mediates the effects of FSS on PLGF. HO-1 mRNA was increased by conditions of increased flow and shear stress in both co-cultures and vessels. Both inhibition of HO-1 with zinc protoporphyrin and HO-1 knockdown abolished the effect of FSS on PLGF. Conversely, induction of HO-1 activity increased PLGF. To determine which HO-1 product upregulates PLGF, co-cultures were treated with a CO donor (CORM-A1), biliverdin, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), or iron-nitrilotriacetic acid (iron-NTA). Of these FAC and iron-NTA induced an increase PLGF expression. This study demonstrates that FSS acts through iron to induce pro-arteriogenic PLGF, suggesting iron supplementation as a novel potential treatment for revascularization.
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Cellular Crosstalk between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Wall Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147284. [PMID: 34298897 PMCID: PMC8306829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological vascular wall remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vessel wall are composed of two major primary cells types, endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The physiological communications between these two cell types (EC–VSMCs) are crucial in the development of the vasculature and in the homeostasis of mature vessels. Moreover, aberrant EC–VSMCs communication has been associated to the promotor of various disease states including vascular wall remodeling. Paracrine regulations by bioactive molecules, communication via direct contact (junctions) or information transfer via extracellular vesicles or extracellular matrix are main crosstalk mechanisms. Identification of the nature of this EC–VSMCs crosstalk may offer strategies to develop new insights for prevention and treatment of disease that curse with vascular remodeling. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential applicable methodologies of the co-culture systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathological vascular wall remodeling, opening questions about the future research directions.
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Rogers MT, Gard AL, Gaibler R, Mulhern TJ, Strelnikov R, Azizgolshani H, Cain BP, Isenberg BC, Haroutunian NJ, Raustad NE, Keegan PM, Lech MP, Tomlinson L, Borenstein JT, Charest JL, Williams C. A high-throughput microfluidic bilayer co-culture platform to study endothelial-pericyte interactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12225. [PMID: 34108507 PMCID: PMC8190127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological organ-on-chip models offer the potential to improve the prediction of drug safety and efficacy through recapitulation of human physiological responses. The importance of including multiple cell types within tissue models has been well documented. However, the study of cell interactions in vitro can be limited by complexity of the tissue model and throughput of current culture systems. Here, we describe the development of a co-culture microvascular model and relevant assays in a high-throughput thermoplastic organ-on-chip platform, PREDICT96. The system consists of 96 arrayed bilayer microfluidic devices containing retinal microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes cultured on opposing sides of a microporous membrane. Compatibility of the PREDICT96 platform with a variety of quantifiable and scalable assays, including macromolecular permeability, image-based screening, Luminex, and qPCR, is demonstrated. In addition, the bilayer design of the devices allows for channel- or cell type-specific readouts, such as cytokine profiles and gene expression. The microvascular model was responsive to perturbations including barrier disruption, inflammatory stimulation, and fluid shear stress, and our results corroborated the improved robustness of co-culture over endothelial mono-cultures. We anticipate the PREDICT96 platform and adapted assays will be suitable for other complex tissues, including applications to disease models and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles T Rogers
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Synthetic Biology, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ashley L Gard
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Gaibler
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas J Mulhern
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rivka Strelnikov
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsoft Corporation, 1 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Hesham Azizgolshani
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian P Cain
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brett C Isenberg
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nerses J Haroutunian
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicole E Raustad
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip M Keegan
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey T Borenstein
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph L Charest
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Corin Williams
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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15
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Kobayashi M, Ohara M, Hashimoto Y, Nakamura N, Fujisato T, Kimura T, Kishida A. Effect of luminal surface structure of decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246221. [PMID: 33999919 PMCID: PMC8128234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to an increasing number of cardiovascular diseases, artificial heart valves and blood vessels have been developed. Although cardiovascular applications using decellularized tissue have been studied, the mechanisms of their functionality remain unknown. To determine the important factors for preparing decellularized cardiovascular prostheses that show good in vivo performance, the effects of the luminal surface structure of the decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior were investigated. Various luminal surface structures of a decellularized aorta were prepared by heating, drying, and peeling. The luminal surface structure and collagen denaturation were evaluated by immunohistological staining, collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. To evaluate the effects of luminal surface structure of decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior, blood clotting tests and recellularization of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were performed. The results of the blood clotting test showed that the closer the luminal surface structure is to the native aorta, the higher the anti-coagulant property. The results of the cell seeding test suggest that vascular cells recognize the luminal surface structure and regulate adhesion, proliferation, and functional expression accordingly. These results provide important factors for preparing decellularized cardiovascular prostheses and will lead to future developments in decellularized cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ohara
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Fujisato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Asahi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Callesen KT, Yuste-Montalvo A, Poulsen LK, Jensen BM, Esteban V. In Vitro Investigation of Vascular Permeability in Endothelial Cells from Human Artery, Vein and Lung Microvessels at Steady-State and Anaphylactic Conditions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040439. [PMID: 33921871 PMCID: PMC8072631 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human anaphylactic reactions largely involve an increase in vascular permeability, which is mainly controlled by endothelial cells (ECs). Due to the acute and serious nature of human anaphylaxis, in vivo studies of blood vessels must be replaced or supplemented with in vitro models. Therefore, we used a macromolecular tracer assay (MMTA) to investigate the EC permeability of three phenotypes of human ECs: artery (HAECs), vein (HSVECs) and microvessels from lung (HMLECs). ECs were stimulated with two fast-acting anaphylactic mediators (histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF)) and one longer-lasting mediator (thrombin). At steady-state conditions, HSVEC monolayers were the most permeable and HMLEC the least (15.8% and 8.3% after 60 min, respectively). No response was found in ECs from artery or vein to any stimuli. ECs from microvessels reacted to stimulation with thrombin and also demonstrated a tendency of increased permeability for PAF. There was no reaction for histamine. This was not caused by missing receptor expression, as all three EC phenotypes expressed receptors for both PAF and histamine. The scarce response to fast-acting mediators illustrates that the MMTA is not suitable for investigating EC permeability to anaphylactic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine T. Callesen
- Laboratory of Medical Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (K.T.C.); (L.K.P.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Alma Yuste-Montalvo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Laboratory of Medical Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (K.T.C.); (L.K.P.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Bettina M. Jensen
- Laboratory of Medical Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark; (K.T.C.); (L.K.P.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lee JH, Chen Z, He S, Zhou JK, Tsai A, Truskey GA, Leong KW. Emulating Early Atherosclerosis in a Vascular Microphysiological System Using Branched Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000428. [PMID: 33852179 PMCID: PMC9951769 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis begins with the accumulation of cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins on blood vessel walls and progresses to endothelial cell dysfunction, monocyte adhesion, and foam cell formation. Endothelialized tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have previously been fabricated to recapitulate artery functionalities, including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and endothelium activation. Here, the initiation of atherosclerosis is emulated by designing branched TEBVs (brTEBVs) of various geometries treated with enzyme-modified low-density-lipoprotein (eLDL) and TNF-α to induce endothelial cell dysfunction and adhesion of perfused human monocytes. Locations of monocyte adhesion under pulsatile flow are identified, and the hemodynamics in the brTEBVs are characterized using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Monocyte adhesion is greater at the side outlets than at the main outlets or inlets, and is greatest at larger side outlet branching angles (60° or 80° vs 45°). In PIV experiments, the branched side outlets are identified as atherosclerosis-prone areas where fluorescent particles show a transient swirling motion following flow pulses; in CFD simulations, side outlets with larger branching angles show higher vorticity magnitude and greater flow disturbance than other areas. These results suggest that the branched TEBVs with eLDL/TNF-α treatment provide a physiologically relevant model of early atherosclerosis for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounghyun H. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zaozao Chen
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Joyce K. Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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18
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Kobayashi M, Ohara M, Hashimoto Y, Nakamura N, Fujisato T, Kimura T, Kishida A. In vitro evaluation of surface biological properties of decellularized aorta for cardiovascular use. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:10977-10989. [PMID: 33174886 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine an in vitro evaluation method that could directly predict in vivo performance of decellularized tissue for cardiovascular use. We hypothesized that key factors for in vitro evaluation would be found by in vitro assessment of decellularized aortas that previously showed good performance in vivo, such as high patency. We chose porcine aortas, decellularized using three different decellularization methods: sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS), freeze-thawing, and high-hydrostatic pressurization (HHP). Immunohistological staining, a blood clotting test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and recellularization of endothelial cells were used for the in vitro evaluation. There was a significant difference in the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM structure, and the luminal surface structure between the three decellularized aortas, respectively, resulting in differences in the recellularization of endothelial cells. On the other hand, there was no difference observed in the blood clotting test. These results suggested that the blood clotting test could be a key evaluation method for the prediction of in vivo performance. In addition, evaluation of the luminal surface structure and the recellularization experiment should be packaged as an in vitro evaluation because the long-term patency was probably affected. The evaluation approach in this study may be useful to establish regulations and a quality management system for a cardiovascular prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Masako Ohara
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Toshiya Fujisato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Akio Kishida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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19
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Chashchina O, Mezouar H, Vizet J, Raoux C, Park J, Ramón-Lozano C, Schanne-Klein MC, Barakat AI, Pierangelo A. Mueller polarimetric imaging for fast macroscopic mapping of microscopic collagen matrix remodeling by smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5901. [PMID: 33723321 PMCID: PMC7960740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are critical players in cardiovascular disease development and undergo complex phenotype switching during disease progression. However, SMC phenotype is difficult to assess and track in co-culture studies. To determine the contractility of SMCs embedded within collagen hydrogels, we performed polarized light imaging and subsequent analysis based on Mueller matrices. Measurements were made both in the absence and presence of endothelial cells (ECs) in order to establish the impact of EC-SMC communication on SMC contractility. The results demonstrated that Mueller polarimetric imaging is indeed an appropriate tool for assessing SMC activity which significantly modifies the hydrogel retardance in the presence of ECs. These findings are consistent with the idea that EC-SMC communication promotes a more contractile SMC phenotype. More broadly, our findings suggest that Mueller polarimetry can be a useful tool for studies of spatial heterogeneities in hydrogel remodeling by SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chashchina
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (CNRS UMR7646), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hachem Mezouar
- LPICM (CNRS UMR 7647), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Vizet
- LPICM (CNRS UMR 7647), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Clothilde Raoux
- LOB, CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Junha Park
- LPICM (CNRS UMR 7647), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Clara Ramón-Lozano
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (CNRS UMR7646), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Abdul I Barakat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (CNRS UMR7646), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Pierangelo
- LPICM (CNRS UMR 7647), Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Paris, France.
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20
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Phua QH, Han HA, Soh BS. Translational stem cell therapy: vascularized skin grafts in skin repair and regeneration. J Transl Med 2021; 19:83. [PMID: 33602284 PMCID: PMC7891016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is made up of a plethora of cells arranged in multiple layers with complex and intricate vascular networks, creating a dynamic microenvironment of cells-to-matrix interactions. With limited donor sites, engineered skin substitute has been in high demand for many therapeutic purposes. Over the years, remarkable progress has occurred in the skin tissue-engineering field to develop skin grafts highly similar to native tissue. However, the major hurdle to successful engraftment is the incorporation of functional vasculature to provide essential nutrients and oxygen supply to the embedded cells. Limitations of traditional tissue engineering have driven the rapid development of vascularized skin tissue production, leading to new technologies such as 3D bioprinting, nano-fabrication and micro-patterning using hydrogel based-scaffold. In particular, the key hope to bioprinting would be the generation of interconnected functional vessels, coupled with the addition of specific cell types to mimic the biological and architectural complexity of the native skin environment. Additionally, stem cells have been gaining interest due to their highly regenerative potential and participation in wound healing. This review briefly summarizes the current cell therapies used in skin regeneration with a focus on the importance of vascularization and recent progress in 3D fabrication approaches to generate vascularized network in the skin tissue graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hua Alexander Han
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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21
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Ben-Saadon S, Gavriel M, Zaretsky U, Jaffa AJ, Grisaru D, Elad D. Tissue-engineered arterial intima model exposed to steady wall shear stresses. J Biomech 2021; 117:110236. [PMID: 33508722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The arterial intima is continuously under pulsatile wall shear stresses (WSS) imposed by the circulating blood. The knowledge of the contribution of smooth muscle cells (SMC) to the response of endothelial cell (EC) to WSS is still incomplete. We developed a co-culture model of EC on top of SMC that mimics the inner in vivo structure of the arterial intima of large arteries. The co-cultured model, as well as a monolayer model of EC, were developed in custom-designed wells that allowed for mechanobiology experiments. Both the monolayer and co-culture models were exposed to steady flow induced WSS of up to 24 dyne/cm2 and for lengths of 60 min. Quantification of WSS induced alterations in the cytoskeletal actin filaments (F-actin) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) junctions were utilized from confocal images and flow cytometry. High confluency of both models was observed even after exposure to the high WSS. The quantitive analysis revealed larger post WSS amounts of EC F-actin polymerization in the monolayer, which may be explained by the relative help of the SMC to resist the external load of WSS. The VE-cadherin demonstrated morphological alterations in the monolayer model, but without significant changes in their content. The SMC in the co-culture maintained their contractile phenotype post high WSS which is more physiological, but not post low WSS. Generally, the results of this work demonstrate the active role of SMC in the intima performance to resist flow induced WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ben-Saadon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mark Gavriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Uri Zaretsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel J Jaffa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Grisaru
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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22
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Shah Mohammadi M, Buchen JT, Pasquina PF, Niklason LE, Alvarez LM, Jariwala SH. Critical Considerations for Regeneration of Vascularized Composite Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:366-381. [PMID: 33115331 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective vascularization is vital for survival and functionality of complex tissue-engineered organs. The formation of the microvasculature, composed of endothelial cells (ECs) alone, has been mostly used to restore the vascular networks in organs. However, recent heterocellular studies demonstrate that co-culturing is a more effective approach in revascularization of engineered organs. This review presents key considerations for manufacturing of artificial vascularized composite tissues. We summarize the importance of co-cultures and the multicellular interactions with ECs, as well as design and use of bioreactors, as critical considerations for tissue vascularization. In addition, as an emerging scaffolding technique, this review also highlights the current caveats and hurdles associated with three-dimensional bioprinting and discusses recent developments in bioprinting strategies such as four-dimensional bioprinting and its future outlook for manufacturing of vascularized tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with addressing the critical challenges in the regulatory pathway and clinical translation of artificial composite tissue grafts. Impact statement Regeneration of composite tissues is critical as biophysical and biochemical characteristics differ between various types of tissues. Engineering a vascularized composite tissue has remained unresolved and requires additional evaluations along with optimization of methodologies and standard operating procedures. To this end, the main hurdle is creating a viable vascular endothelium that remains functional for a longer duration postimplantation, and can be manufactured using clinically appropriate source of cell lines that are scalable in vitro for the fabrication of human-scale organs. This review presents key considerations for regeneration and manufacturing of vascularized composite tissues as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shah Mohammadi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack T Buchen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul F Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis M Alvarez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Lung Biotechnology PBC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shailly H Jariwala
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Bosch Rué E, Delgado LM, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Direct extrusion of individually encapsulated endothelial and smooth muscle cells mimicking blood vessel structures and vascular native cell alignment. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 32998120 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abbd27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the principal cause of worldwide death, being atherosclerosis the main etiology. Up to now, the predominant treatment for CVDs has been bypass surgery from autologous source. However, due to previous harvest or the type of disease, this is not always an option. For this reason, tissue engineering blood vessels (TEBV) emerged as an alternative graft source for blood vessel replacement. In order to develop a TEBV, it should mimic the architecture of a native blood vessel encapsulating the specific vascular cells in their respective layers with native alignment, and with appropriate mechanical stability. Here, we propose the extrusion of two different cell encapsulating hydrogels, mainly alginate and collagen, and a sacrificial polymer, through a triple coaxial nozzle, which in contact with a crosslinking solution allows the formation of bilayered hollow fibers, mimicking the architecture of native blood vessels. Prior to extrusion, the innermost cell encapsulating hydrogel was loaded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas the outer hydrogel was loaded with human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The size of the TEVB could be controlled by changing the injection speed, presenting homogeneity between the constructs. The obtained structures were robust, allowing its manipulation as well as the perfusion of liquids. Both cell types presented high rates of survival after the extrusion process as well as after 20 days in culture (over 90%). Additionally, a high percentage of HASMC and HUVEC were aligned perpendicular and parallel to the TEBV, respectively, in their own layers, resembling the physiological arrangement found in vivo. Our approach enables the rapid formation of TEBV-like structures presenting high cell viability and allowing proliferation and natural alignment of vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bosch Rué
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Josep Trueta, sn, Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018, SPAIN
| | - Luis M Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, SPAIN
| | - F Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, SPAIN
| | - Roman A Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, SPAIN
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24
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Hu H, Lin S, Wang S, Chen X. The Role of Transcription Factor 21 in Epicardial Cell Differentiation and the Development of Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:457. [PMID: 32582717 PMCID: PMC7290112 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is specific for mesoderm and is expressed in the embryos' mesenchymal derived tissues, such as the epicardium. It plays a vital role in regulating cell differentiation and cell fate specificity through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation during cardiac development. For instance, TCF21 could promote cardiac fibroblast development and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiation of epicardial cells. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified a mass of loci associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). There is mounting evidence that TCF21 polymorphism might confer genetic susceptibility to CHD. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCF21 in heart development and CHD remain fundamentally problematic. In this review, we are committed to providing a detailed introduction of the biological roles of TCF21 in epicardial fate determination and the development of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochang Hu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaoyi Lin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Xiaomin Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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James BD, Montoya N, Allen J. MechanoBioTester: A Decoupled Multistimulus Cell Culture Device for Studying Complex Microenvironments In Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3673-3689. [PMID: 32704528 PMCID: PMC7377433 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly being recognized is the role of the complex microenvironment to regulate cell phenotype; however, the cell culture systems used to study these effects in vitro are lagging. The complex microenvironment is host to a combination of biological interactions, chemical factors, and mechanical stimuli. Many devices have been designed to probe the effects of one mechanical stimulus, but few are capable of systematically interrogating all combinations of mechanical stimuli with independent control. To address this gap, we have developed the MechanoBioTester platform, a decoupled, multi-stimulus cell culture model for studying the cellular response to complex microenvironments in vitro. The system uses an engineered elastomeric chamber with a specially defined region for incorporating different target materials to act as the cell culture substrate. We have tested the system with several target materials including: polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, polyacrylamide gel, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) elastomer, and type I collagen gel for both 2D and 3D co-culture. Additionally, when the chamber is connected to a flow circuit and our stretching device, stimuli in the form of fluid flow, cyclic stretch, and hydrostatic pressure are able to be imparted with independent control. We validated the device using experimental and computational methods to define a range of capabilities relevant to physiological microenvironments. The MechanoBioTester platform promises to function as a model system for mechanobiology, biomaterial design, and drug discovery applications that focus on probing the impact of a complex microenvironment in an in vitro setting. The protocol described within provides the details characterizing the MechanoBioTester system, the steps for fabricating the MechanoBioTester chamber, and the procedure for operating the MechanoBioTester system to stimulate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Institute for Computational Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Nicolas Montoya
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Josephine Allen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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Cheng Y, Liu X, Ma X, Garcia R, Belfield K, Haorah J. Alcohol promotes waste clearance in the CNS via brain vascular reactivity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:115-126. [PMID: 31362045 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient clearance of the interstitial waste metabolites is essential for the normal maintenance of brain homeostasis. The brain lacks the lymphatic clearance system. Thus, the drainage of waste metabolites in the brain is dependent on a slow flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. Glymphatic system claims the direct bulk flow transport of small size water-soluble waste metabolites into to the perivenous space by aquaporin-4 water channels of the astrocyte end-feet, but it did not address the diffusive clearance of large size waste metabolites. Here, we addressed the clearance mechanisms of large size waste metabolites from interstitial fluid to perivascular space as well as from CSF subarachnoid into perivascular space via the paravascular drainage. A low dose ethanol acting as a potent vasodilator promotes the dynamic clearance of waste metabolites through this perivascular-perivenous drainage path. We observed that ethanol-induced increased in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell reactivity regulated the enhanced clearance of metabolites. Here, activation of endothelial specific nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by ethanol and generation of vasodilator nitric oxide mediates the interactive reactivity of endothelial-smooth muscle cells and subsequent diffusion of the CNS waste metabolites towards perivascular space. Detection of tracer dye (waste metabolite) in the perivenous space and in the blood samples further confirmed the improved clearance of waste metabolites through this unraveled interstitial-perivascular-perivenous clearance path. Our results suggest that alcohol intake at low-dose levels may promote clearance of neurological disease associated entangled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Ricardo Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Kevin Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - James Haorah
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States.
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27
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Schultz F, Swiatlowska P, Alvarez-Laviada A, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Song Q, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA, Ongstad E, Braga VMM, Entcheva E, Gourdie RG, Miragoli M, Gorelik J. Cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contact dynamism is modulated by connexin-43. FASEB J 2019; 33:10453-10468. [PMID: 31253057 PMCID: PMC6704460 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802740rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled at the intercalated discs by gap junctions. In infarcted hearts, adverse gap-junctional remodeling occurs in the border zone, where cardiomyocytes are chemically and electrically influenced by myofibroblasts. The physical movement of these contacts remains unquantified. Using scanning ion conductance microscopy, we show that intercellular contacts between cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts are highly dynamic, mainly owing to the edge dynamics (lamellipodia) of the myofibroblasts. Decreasing the amount of functional connexin-43 (Cx43) at the membrane through Cx43 silencing, suppression of Cx43 trafficking, or hypoxia-induced Cx43 internalization attenuates heterocellular contact dynamism. However, we found decreased dynamism and stabilized membrane contacts when cellular coupling was strengthened using 4-phenylbutyrate (4PB). Fluorescent-dye transfer between cells showed that the extent of functional coupling between the 2 cell types correlated with contact dynamism. Intercellular calcein transfer from myofibroblasts to cardiomyocytes is reduced after myofibroblast-specific Cx43 down-regulation. Conversely, 4PB-treated myofibroblasts increased their functional coupling to cardiomyocytes. Consistent with lamellipodia-mediated contacts, latrunculin-B decreases dynamism, lowers physical communication between heterocellular pairs, and reduces Cx43 intensity in contact regions. Our data show that heterocellular cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contacts exhibit high dynamism. Therefore, Cx43 is a potential target for prevention of aberrant cardiomyocyte coupling and myofibroblast proliferation in the infarct border zone.-Schultz, F., Swiatlowska, P., Alvarez-Laviada, A., Sanchez-Alonso, J. L., Song, Q., de Vries, A. A. F., Pijnappels, D. A., Ongstad, E., Braga, V. M. M., Entcheva, E., Gourdie, R. G., Miragoli, M., Gorelik, J. Cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contact dynamism is modulated by connexin-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Schultz
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Qianqian Song
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniël A. Pijnappels
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Ongstad
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Vania M. M. Braga
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy;,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,Correspondence: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43124 Parma, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;,Correspondence: National Heart and Lung Institute, 4th Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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28
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Noonan J, Grassia G, MacRitchie N, Garside P, Guzik TJ, Bradshaw AC, Maffia P. A Novel Triple-Cell Two-Dimensional Model to Study Immune-Vascular Interplay in Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:849. [PMID: 31068936 PMCID: PMC6491724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory pathology underpinning cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of death worldwide. The interplay between vascular stromal cells and immune cells is fundamental to the progression and outcome of atherosclerotic disease, however, the majority of in vitro studies do not consider the implications of these interactions and predominantly use mono-culture approaches. Here we present a simple and robust methodology involving the co-culture of vascular endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) alongside an inflammatory compartment, in our study containing THP-1 macrophages, for studying these complex interactions. Using this approach, we demonstrate that the interaction between vascular stromal and immune cells produces unique cellular phenotypes and soluble mediator profiles not observed in double-cell 2D cultures. Our results highlight the importance of cellular communication and support the growing idea that in vitro research must evolve from mono-culture systems to provide data more representative of the multi-cellular environment found in vivo. The methodology presented, in comparison with established approaches, has the advantage of being technically simple whilst enabling the isolation of pure populations of ECs, SMCs and immune cells directly from the co-culture without cell sorting. The approach described within would be applicable to those studying mechanisms of vascular inflammation, particularly in relation to understanding the impact cellular interaction has on the cumulative immune-vascular response to atherogenic or inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Grassia
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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29
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Gold K, Gaharwar AK, Jain A. Emerging trends in multiscale modeling of vascular pathophysiology: Organ-on-a-chip and 3D printing. Biomaterials 2019; 196:2-17. [PMID: 30072038 PMCID: PMC6344330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most biomedical and pharmaceutical research of the human vascular system aims to unravel the complex mechanisms that drive disease progression from molecular to organ levels. The knowledge gained can then be used to innovate diagnostic and treatment strategies which can ultimately be determined precisely for patients. Despite major advancements, current modeling strategies are often limited at identifying, quantifying, and dissecting specific cellular and molecular targets that regulate human vascular diseases. Therefore, development of multiscale modeling approaches are needed that can advance our knowledge and facilitate the design of next-generation therapeutic approaches in vascular diseases. This article critically reviews animal models, static in vitro systems, and dynamic in vitro culture systems currently used to model vascular diseases. A leading emphasis on the potential of emerging approaches, specifically organ-on-a-chip and three-dimensional (3D) printing, to recapitulate the innate human vascular physiology and anatomy is described. The applications of these approaches and future outlook in designing and screening novel therapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Gold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Material Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Center for Remote Health and Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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30
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Micro-RNA-Regulated Proangiogenic Signaling in Arteriovenous Loops in Patients with Combined Vascular and Soft-Tissue Reconstructions: Revisiting the Nutrient Flap Concept. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:489e-502e. [PMID: 29979372 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placement of arteriovenous loops can enable microvascular anastomoses of free flaps when recipient vessels are scarce. In animal models, elevated fluid shear stress in arteriovenous loops promotes neoangiogenesis. Anecdotal reports in patients indicate that vein grafts used in free flap reconstructions of ischemic lower extremities are able to induce capillary formation. However, flow-stimulated angiogenesis has never been systematically investigated in humans, and it is unclear whether shear stress alters proangiogenic signaling pathways within the vascular wall of human arteriovenous loops. METHODS Eight patients with lower extremity soft-tissue defects underwent two-stage reconstruction with arteriovenous loop placement, and free flap anastomoses to the loops 10 to 14 days later. Micro-RNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiles were determined in tissue samples harvested from vein grafts of arteriovenous loops by microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples from untreated veins served as controls. RESULTS A strong deregulation of miRNA and gene expression was detected in arteriovenous loops, showing an overexpression of angiopoietic cytokines, oxygenation-associated genes, vascular growth factors, and connexin-43. The authors discovered inverse correlations along with validated and bioinformatically predicted interactions between angiogenesis-regulating genes and miRNAs in arteriovenous loops. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings demonstrate that elevated shear stress triggers proangiogenic signaling pathways in human venous tissue, indicating that arteriovenous loops may have the ability to induce neoangiogenesis in humans. The authors' data corroborate the nutrient flap hypothesis and provide a molecular background for arteriovenous loop-based tissue engineering with potential clinical applications for soft-tissue defect reconstruction.
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31
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Henn D, Abu-Halima M, Wermke D, Falkner F, Thomas B, Köpple C, Ludwig N, Schulte M, Brockmann MA, Kim YJ, Sacks JM, Kneser U, Keller A, Meese E, Schmidt VJ. MicroRNA-regulated pathways of flow-stimulated angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in vivo. J Transl Med 2019; 17:22. [PMID: 30635008 PMCID: PMC6330440 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular shear stress promotes endothelial cell sprouting in vitro. The impact of hemodynamic forces on microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression within growing vascular networks in vivo, however, remain poorly investigated. Arteriovenous (AV) shunts are an established model for induction of neoangiogenesis in vivo and can serve as a tool for analysis of hemodynamic effects on miRNA and gene expression profiles over time. METHODS AV shunts were microsurgically created in rats and explanted on postoperative days 5, 10 and 15. Neoangiogenesis was confirmed by histologic analysis and micro-computed tomography. MiRNA and gene expression profiles were determined in tissue specimens from AV shunts by microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared with sham-operated veins by bioinformatics analysis. Changes in protein expression within AV shunt endothelial cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Samples from AV shunts exhibited a strong overexpression of proangiogenic cytokines, oxygenation-associated genes (HIF1A, HMOX1), and angiopoetic growth factors. Significant inverse correlations of the expressions of miR-223-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-449a-5p, and miR-511-3p which were up-regulated in AV shunts, and miR-27b-3p, miR-10b-5p, let-7b-5p, and let-7c-5p, which were down-regulated in AV shunts, with their predicted interacting targets C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), ephrin receptor kinase 2 (EPHA2), synaptojanin-2 binding protein (SYNJ2BP), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) were present. CXCL2 and IL1A overexpression in AV shunt endothelium was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that flow-stimulated angiogenesis is determined by an upregulation of cytokines, oxygenation associated genes and miRNA-dependent regulation of FOXC1, EPHA2 and SYNJ2BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Henn
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Dominik Wermke
- Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Florian Falkner
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Köpple
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Justin M Sacks
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Volker J Schmidt
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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32
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Choi JS, Seo TS. Orthogonal co-cultivation of smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell layers to construct in vivo-like vasculature. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014115. [PMID: 30867885 PMCID: PMC6404948 DOI: 10.1063/1.5068689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of a three-dimensional (3D) vascular co-cultivation system is one of the major challenges to provide an advanced analytical platform for studying blood vessel related diseases. To date, however, the in vivo-like vessel system has not been fully realized due to the difficulty of co-cultivation of the cells with orthogonal alignment. In this study, we report the utilization of microfabrication technology to construct biomimetic 3D co-cultured vasculature. First, microwrinkle patterns whose direction was perpendicular to the axis of a circular microfluidic channel were fabricated, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured inside the microchannel, leading to an in vivo-like circumferential VSMC layer. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured on the circumferentially aligned VSMC, and the success of double layer formation of HUVEC-VSMC in the circular microchannel could be monitored. After HUVEC cultivation, we applied shear flow in order to induce the orientation of HUVEC parallel to the axis, and the analysis of orientation angle and spreading area of HUVECs indicated that they were changed by shear stress to be aligned to the direction of flow. Thus, the HUVEC and VSMC layer could be aligned with a distinct direction. The expression level of VE-Cadherin located at the boundary of HUVECs implies in vivo-like vascular behavior. The proposed in vitro microfluidic vascular assay platform would be valuable for studying vascular diseases with high reliability due to in vivo-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195, USA
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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33
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Poirier M, Awale M, Roelli MA, Giuffredi GT, Ruddigkeit L, Evensen L, Stooss A, Calarco S, Lorens JB, Charles RP, Reymond JL. Identifying Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase β (LPAAT-β) as the Target of a Nanomolar Angiogenesis Inhibitor from a Phenotypic Screen Using the Polypharmacology Browser PPB2. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:224-236. [PMID: 30520265 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By screening a focused library of kinase inhibitor analogues in a phenotypic co-culture assay for angiogenesis inhibition, we identified an aminotriazine that acts as a cytostatic nanomolar inhibitor. However, this aminotriazine was found to be completely inactive in a whole-kinome profiling assay. To decipher its mechanism of action, we used the online target prediction tool PPB2 (http://ppb2.gdb.tools), which suggested lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase β (LPAAT-β) as a possible target for this aminotriazine as well as several analogues identified by structure-activity relationship profiling. LPAAT-β inhibition (IC50 ≈15 nm) was confirmed in a biochemical assay and by its effects on cell proliferation in comparison with a known LPAAT-β inhibitor. These experiments illustrate the value of target-prediction tools to guide target identification for phenotypic screening hits and significantly expand the rather limited pharmacology of LPAAT-β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mahendra Awale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Roelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Guy T Giuffredi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Ruddigkeit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lasse Evensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amandine Stooss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Calarco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Holland I, McCormick C, Connolly P. Towards non-invasive characterisation of coronary stent re-endothelialisation - An in-vitro, electrical impedance study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206758. [PMID: 30395632 PMCID: PMC6218196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The permanent implantation of a stent has become the most common method for ameliorating coronary artery narrowing arising from atherosclerosis. Following the procedure, optimal arterial wall healing is characterised by the complete regrowth of an Endothelial Cell monolayer over the exposed stent surface and surrounding tissue, thereby reducing the risk of thrombosis. However, excessive proliferation of Smooth Muscle Cells, within the artery wall can lead to unwanted renarrowing of the vessel lumen. Current imaging techniques are unable to adequately identify re-endothelialisation, and it has previously been reported that the stent itself could be used as an electrode in combination with electrical impedance spectroscopic techniques to monitor the post-stenting recovery phase. The utility of such a device will be determined by its ability to characterise between vascular cell types. Here we present in-vitro impedance spectroscopy measurements of pulmonary artery porcine Endothelial Cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and coronary artery porcine Smooth Muscle Cells grown to confluence over platinum black electrodes in clinically relevant populations. These measurements were obtained, using a bespoke impedance spectroscopy system that autonomously performed impedance sweeps in the 1kHz to 100kHz frequency range. Analysis of the reactance component of impedance revealed distinct frequency dependent profiles for each cell type with post confluence reactance declines in Endothelial Cell populations that have not been previously reported. Such profiles provide a means of non-invasively characterising between the cell types and give an indication that impedance spectroscopic techniques may enable the non-invasive characterisation of the arterial response to stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher McCormick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Antoine EE, Cornat FP, Barakat AI. The stentable in vitro artery: an instrumented platform for endovascular device development and optimization. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0834. [PMID: 28003530 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vascular disease is a leading cause of mortality, in vitro tools for controlled, quantitative studies of vascular biological processes in an environment that reflects physiological complexity remain limited. We developed a novel in vitro artery that exhibits a number of unique features distinguishing it from tissue-engineered or organ-on-a-chip constructs, most notably that it allows deployment of endovascular devices including stents, quantitative real-time tracking of cellular responses and detailed measurement of flow velocity and lumenal shear stress using particle image velocimetry. The wall of the stentable in vitro artery consists of an annular collagen hydrogel containing smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and whose lumenal surface is lined with a monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs). The system has in vivo dimensions and physiological flow conditions and allows automated high-resolution live imaging of both SMCs and ECs. To demonstrate proof-of-concept, we imaged and quantified EC wound healing, SMC motility and altered shear stresses on the endothelium after deployment of a coronary stent. The stentable in vitro artery provides a unique platform suited for a broad array of research applications. Wide-scale adoption of this system promises to enhance our understanding of important biological events affecting endovascular device performance and to reduce dependence on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Antoine
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - François P Cornat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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37
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Biwer LA, Lechauve C, Vanhoose S, Weiss MJ, Isakson BE. A Cell Culture Model of Resistance Arteries. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930992 DOI: 10.3791/55992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The myoendothelial junction (MEJ), a unique signaling microdomain in small diameter resistance arteries, exhibits localization of specific proteins and signaling processes that can control vascular tone and blood pressure. As it is a projection from either the endothelial or smooth muscle cell, and due to its small size (on average, an area of ~1 µm2), the MEJ is difficult to study in isolation. However, we have developed a cell culture model called the vascular cell co-culture (VCCC) that allows for in vitro MEJ formation, endothelial cell polarization, and dissection of signaling proteins and processes in the vascular wall of resistance arteries. The VCCC has a multitude of applications and can be adapted to suit different cell types. The model consists of two cell types grown on opposite sides of a filter with 0.4 µm pores in which the in vitro MEJs can form. Here we describe how to create the VCCC via plating of cells and isolation of endothelial, MEJ, and smooth muscle fractions, which can then be used for protein isolation or activity assays. The filter with intact cell layers can be fixed, embedded, and sectioned for immunofluorescent analysis. Importantly, many of the discoveries from this model have been confirmed using intact resistance arteries, underscoring its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | | | - Sheri Vanhoose
- Research Histology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | | | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine;
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Chan JM, Wong KHK, Richards AM, Drum CL. Microengineering in cardiovascular research: new developments and translational applications. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:9-18. [PMID: 25691539 PMCID: PMC4362405 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic, cellular co-cultures that approximate macro-scale biology are important tools for refining the in vitro study of organ-level function and disease. In recent years, advances in technical fabrication and biological integration have provided new insights into biological phenomena, improved diagnostic measurements, and made major steps towards de novo tissue creation. Here we review applications of these technologies specific to the cardiovascular field, emphasizing three general categories of use: reductionist vascular models, tissue-engineered vascular models, and point-of-care diagnostics. With continued progress in the ability to purposefully control microscale environments, the detailed study of both primary and cultured cells may find new relevance in the general cardiovascular research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Chan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Keith H K Wong
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester L Drum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Liu Y, Lu J, Li H, Wei J, Li X. Engineering blood vessels through micropatterned co-culture of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells on bilayered electrospun fibrous mats with pDNA inoculation. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:114-25. [PMID: 25305234 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although engineered blood vessels have seen important advances during recent years, proper mechanical strength and vasoactivity remain unsolved problems. In the current study, micropatterned fibrous mats were created to load smooth muscle cells (SMC), and a co-culture with endothelial cells (EC) was established through overlaying on an EC-loaded flat fibrous mat to mimic the layered structure of a blood vessel. A preferential distribution of SMC was determined in the patterned regions throughout the fibrous scaffolds, and aligned fibers in the patterned regions provided topological cues to guide the orientation of SMC with intense actin filaments and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in a circumferential direction. Plasmid DNA encoding basic fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factor were integrated into electrospun fibers as biological cues to promote SMC infiltration into fibrous mats, and the viability and ECM production of both EC and SMC. The layered fibrous mats with loaded EC and SMC were wrapped into a cylinder, and engineered vessels were obtained with compact EC and SMC layers after co-culture for 3 months. Randomly oriented ECM productions of EC formed a continuous endothelium covering the entire lumenal surface, and a high alignment of ECM was shown in the circumferential direction of SMC layers. The tensile strength, strain at failure and suture retention strength were higher than those of the human femoral artery, and the burst pressure and radial compliance were in the same range as the human saphenous vein, indicating potential as blood vessel substitutes for transplantation in vivo. Thus, the establishment of topographical cues and biochemical signals in fibrous scaffolds demonstrates advantages in modulating cellular behavior and organization found in complex multicellular tissues.
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40
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Mousseau Y, Mollard S, Qiu H, Richard L, Cazal R, Nizou A, Vedrenne N, Rémi S, Baaj Y, Fourcade L, Funalot B, Sturtz FG. In vitro 3D angiogenesis assay in egg white matrix: comparison to Matrigel, compatibility to various species, and suitability for drug testing. J Transl Med 2014; 94:340-9. [PMID: 24395110 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro angiogenesis assays are commonly used to assess pro- or anti-angiogenic drug properties. Extracellular matrix (ECM) substitutes such as Matrigel and collagen gel became very popular in in vitro 3D angiogenesis assays as they enable tubule formation by endothelial cells from culture or aortic rings. However, these assays are usually used with a single cell type, lacking the complex cellular interactions occurring during angiogenesis. Here, we report a novel angiogenesis assay using egg white as ECM substitute. We found that, similar to Matrigel, egg white elicited prevascular network formation by endothelial and/or smooth muscle cell coculture. This matrix was suitable for various cells from human, mouse, and rat origin. It is compatible with aortic ring assay and also enables vascular and tumor cell coculture. Through simple labeling (DAPI, Hoechst 33258), cell location and resulting prevascular network formation can easily be quantified. Cell transfection with green fluorescent protein improved whole cell visualization and 3D structure characterization. Finally, egg-based assay dedicated to angiogenesis studies represents a reliable and cost-effective way to produce and analyze data regarding drug effects on vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanne Mousseau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Séverine Mollard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Raphael Cazal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Angélique Nizou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | | | - Yasser Baaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Fourcade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Franck G Sturtz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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Shav D, Gotlieb R, Zaretsky U, Elad D, Einav S. Wall shear stress effects on endothelial-endothelial and endothelial-smooth muscle cell interactions in tissue engineered models of the vascular wall. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88304. [PMID: 24520363 PMCID: PMC3919748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular functions are affected by wall shear stresses (WSS) applied on the endothelial cells (EC), as well as by the interactions of the EC with the adjacent smooth muscle cells (SMC). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of WSS on the endothelial interactions with its surroundings. For this purpose we developed and constructed two co-culture models of EC and SMC, and compared their response to that of a single monolayer of cultured EC. In one co-culture model the EC were cultured on the SMC, whereas in the other model the EC and SMC were cultured on the opposite sides of a membrane. We studied EC-matrix interactions through focal adhesion kinase morphology, EC-EC interactions through VE-Cadherin expression and morphology, and EC-SMC interactions through the expression of Cx43 and Cx37. In the absence of WSS the SMC presence reduced EC-EC connectivity but produced EC-SMC connections using both connexins. The exposure to WSS produced discontinuity in the EC-EC connections, with a weaker effect in the co-culture models. In the EC monolayer, WSS exposure (12 and 4 dyne/cm2 for 30 min) increased the EC-EC interaction using both connexins. WSS exposure of 12 dyne/cm2 did not affect the EC-SMC interactions, whereas WSS of 4 dyne/cm2 elevated the amount of Cx43 and reduced the amount of Cx37, with a different magnitude between the models. The reduced endothelium connectivity suggests that the presence of SMC reduces the sealing properties of the endothelium, showing a more inflammatory phenotype while the distance between the two cell types reduced their interactions. These results demonstrate that EC-SMC interactions affect EC phenotype and change the EC response to WSS. Furthermore, the interactions formed between the EC and SMC demonstrate that the 1-side model can simulate better the arterioles, while the 2-side model provides better simulation of larger arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Shav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruth Gotlieb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Zaretsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Einav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Javaherian S, Li KJ, McGuigan AP. A simple and rapid method for generating patterned co-cultures with stable interfaces. Biotechniques 2013; 55:21-6. [PMID: 23834381 DOI: 10.2144/000114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In native tissues, different cell types are organized into defined structures and architectures that are critical for correct tissue function. In vitro cellular patterning methods enable control over the spatial organization of cells, permitting, to some extent, the reproduction of native tissue structures and the generation of a more "in vivo-like" culture platform. While this is advantageous for applications such as drug screening, existing patterning methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and low-throughput. Here, we describe a novel medium-throughput patterning strategy for generating spatially controlled co-cultures of two cell types based on differential deposition of BSA solution in a tilted plate. Our method allows generation of homotypic and heterotypic co-cultures that are stable for at least seven days in culture. The reproducibility and consistency of this patterning technique, together with its low cost and ease of use, make it a promising cell culture platform for medium- to high-throughput screening using high-content imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Javaherian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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ABACI HASANE, DRAZER GERMAN, GERECHT SHARON. RECAPITULATING THE VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is regulated by various chemical and mechanical factors. Reproducing these factors in vitro is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and the development of new therapeutics and delivery techniques. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities to precisely control the level, duration and extent of various cues, providing unprecedented capabilities to recapitulate the vascular microenvironment. In the first part of this article, we review existing microfluidic technology that is capable of controlling both chemical and mechanical factors regulating the vascular microenvironment. In particular, we focus on micro-systems developed for controlling key parameters such as oxygen tension, co-culture, shear stress, cyclic stretch and flow patterns. In the second part of this article, we highlight recent advances that resulted from the use of these microfluidic devices for vascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- HASAN E. ABACI
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - GERMAN DRAZER
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - SHARON GERECHT
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Fearon IM, Gaça MD, Nordskog BK. In vitro models for assessing the potential cardiovascular disease risk associated with cigarette smoking. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:513-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Scott D, Tan Y, Shandas R, Stenmark KR, Tan W. High pulsatility flow stimulates smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and contractile protein expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L70-81. [PMID: 23087017 PMCID: PMC3543641 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00342.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal arterial stiffening is an important predictor of events in systemic and pulmonary hypertension, partly through its contribution to downstream vascular abnormalities. However, much remains undetermined regarding the mechanisms involved in the vascular changes induced by arterial stiffening. We therefore addressed the hypothesis that high pulsatility flow, caused by proximal arterial stiffening, induces downstream pulmonary artery endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction that in turn leads to phenotypic change of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To test the hypothesis, we employed a model pulmonary circulation in which upstream compliance regulates the pulsatility of flow waves imposed onto a downstream vascular mimetic coculture composed of pulmonary ECs and SMCs. The effects of high pulsatility flow on SMCs were determined both in the presence and absence of ECs. In the presence of ECs, high pulsatility flow increased SMC size and expression of the contractile proteins, smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), without affecting proliferation. In the absence of ECs, high pulsatility flow decreased SMC expression of SMA and SM-MHC, without affecting SMC size or proliferation. To identify the molecular signals involved in the EC-mediated SMC responses, mRNA and/or protein expression of vasoconstrictors [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin (ET)-1], vasodilator (eNOS), and growth factor (TGF-β1) in EC were examined. Results showed high pulsatility flow decreased eNOS and increased ACE, ET-1, and TGF-β1 expression. ACE inhibition with ramiprilat, ET-1 receptor inhibition with bosentan, and treatment with the vasodilator bradykinin prevented flow-induced, EC-dependent SMC changes. In conclusion, high pulsatility flow stimulated SMC hypertrophy and contractile protein expression by altering EC production of vasoactive mediators and cytokines, supporting the idea of a coupling between proximal vascular stiffening, flow pulsatility, and downstream vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
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Vickerman V, Kim C, Kamm RD. Microfluidic Devices for Angiogenesis. MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN ANGIOGENESIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30856-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Peters EB, Christoforou N, Leong KW, Truskey GA. Comparison of mixed and lamellar coculture spatial arrangements for tissue engineering capillary networks in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:697-706. [PMID: 23171167 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coculture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro can yield confluent monolayers or EC networks. Factors influencing this transition are not known. In this study, we examined whether the spatial arrangement of EC-SMC cocultures affected EC migration, network morphology, and angiogenic protein secretion. Human umbilical cord blood-derived ECs (hCB-ECs) were grown in coculture with human aortic SMCs in either a mixed or lamellar spatial geometry and analyzed over a culture period of 12 days. The hCB-ECs cultured on SMCs in a mixed system had higher cell speeds, shorter persistence times, and lower random motility coefficients than ECs in a lamellar system. By day 12 of coculture, mixed systems demonstrated greater anastomoses and capillary loop formation than lamellar systems as evidenced by a higher number of branch points, angle of curvature between branch points, and percentage of imaged area covered by networks. The network morphology was more uniform in the mixed systems than the lamellar systems with fewer EC clusters present after several days in culture. Proliferation of hCB-ECs was higher for mixed cocultures during the first 24 h of coculture, and then declined dramatically suggesting that proliferation only contributed to network formation during the early stages of coculture. Proteome assay results show reduced solution levels, but no change in intracellular levels of angiogenic proteins in lamellar systems compared to mixed systems. These data suggest that mixing ECs and SMCs together favors the formation of EC networks to a greater extent than a lamellar arrangement in which ECs form a cell layer above a confluent, quiescent layer of SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Peters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Hatfield KJ, Evensen L, Reikvam H, Lorens JB, Bruserud Ø. Soluble mediators released by acute myeloid leukemia cells increase capillary-like networks. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:478-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Hatfield
- Section for Hematology; Department of Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen; Norway
| | - Lasse Evensen
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Hematology; Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
| | - James B. Lorens
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
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Ning H, Lin G, Lue TF, Lin CS. A coculture system of cavernous endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Int J Impot Res 2012; 25:63-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Yeon JH, Ryu HR, Chung M, Hu QP, Jeon NL. In vitro formation and characterization of a perfusable three-dimensional tubular capillary network in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2815-22. [PMID: 22767334 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the in vitro formation and characterization of perfusable capillary networks made of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in microfluidic devices (MFDs). Using this platform, an array of three-dimensional (3D) tubular capillaries of various dimensions (50-150 μm in diameter and 100-1600 μm in length) can be formed reproducibly. To generate connected blood vessels, MFDs were completely filled with fibrin gel and subsequently processed to selectively leave behind gel structures inside the bridge channels. Following gel solidification, HUVECs were coated along the gel walls, on opposite ends of the patterned 3D fibrin gel. After 3-4 days, HUVECs migrating into the fibrin gel from opposite ends fused with each other, spontaneously forming a connected vessel that expressed tight junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1), which are characteristic of post-capillary venules. With ready access to a perfusable capillary network, we demonstrated perfusion of the vessels and imaged red blood cells (RBCs) and beads flowing through them. The results were reproducible (∼50% successful perfusable capillaries), consistent, and could be performed in a parallel manner (9 devices per well plate). Additionally, compatibility with high resolution live-cell microscopy and the possibility of incorporating other cell types makes this a unique experimental platform for investigating basic and applied aspects of angiogenesis, anastomosis, and vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Yeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
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