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Wu J, Wang X, Wang Y, Xun Z, Li S. Application of PLGA in Tumor Immunotherapy. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1253. [PMID: 38732722 PMCID: PMC11085488 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been extensively researched in the field of biomedicine. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer material, has been widely used in drug delivery systems and has shown great potential in various medical fields, including vaccines, tissue engineering such as bone regeneration and wound healing, and 3D printing. Cancer, a group of diseases with high mortality rates worldwide, has recently garnered significant attention in the field of immune therapy research. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the delivery function of PLGA in tumor immunotherapy. In tumor immunotherapy, PLGA can serve as a carrier to load antigens on its surface, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to attack tumor cells. Additionally, PLGA can be used to formulate tumor vaccines and immunoadjuvants, thereby enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) can also enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy by regulating the activity and differentiation of immune cells, and by improving the expression and presentation of tumor antigens. Furthermore, due to the diverse physical properties and surface modifications of PLGA, it has a wider range of potential applications in tumor immunotherapy through the loading of various types of drugs or other innovative substances. We aim to highlight the recent advances and challenges of plga in the field of oncology therapy to stimulate further research and development of innovative PLGA-based approaches, and more effective and personalized cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Wu
- Innovation Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (J.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Innovation Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (J.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yunduan Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Zhe Xun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Health Science Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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2
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Vakili B, Karami-Darehnaranji M, Mirzaei E, Hosseini F, Nezafat N. Graphene oxide as novel vaccine adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111062. [PMID: 37866317 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To improve antigen immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immunity, vaccine formulations have been appropriately supplemented with adjuvants. Graphene has been found to enhance the presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells, as well as stimulating innate immune responses and inflammatory factors. Its properties, such as large surface area, water stability, and high aspect ratio, make it a suitable candidate for delivering biological substances. Graphene-based nanomaterials have recently attracted significant attention as a new type of vaccine adjuvants due to their potential role in the activation of immune responses. Due to the limited functionality of some approved human adjuvants for use, the development of new all-purpose adjuvants is urgently required. Research on the immunological and biomedical use of graphene oxide (GO) indicates that these nanocarriers possess excellent physicochemical properties, acceptable biocompatibility, and a high capacity for drug loading. Graphene-based nanocarriers also could improve the function of some immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages through specific signaling pathways. However, GO injection can lead to significant oxidative stress and inflammation. Various surface functionalization protocols have been employed to reduce possible adverse effects of GO, such as aggregation of GO in biological liquids and induce cell death. Furthermore, these modifications enhance the properties of functionalized-GO's qualities, making it an excellent carrier and adjuvant. Shedding light on different physicochemical and structural properties of GO and its derivatives has led to their application in various therapeutic and drug delivery fields. In this review, we have endeavored to elaborate on different aspects of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Karami-Darehnaranji
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hosseini
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Computational Vaccine and Drug Design Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Han D, Wang F, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Liu H, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Li Z. Redirecting Antigens by Engineered Photosynthetic Bacteria and Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18716-18731. [PMID: 37782086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Significant strides have been made in the development of cancer vaccines to combat malignant tumors. However, the natural immunosuppressive environment within tumors, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), hampers the uptake and presentation of antigens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the tumor itself. This limitation results in inadequate activation of immune responses against cancer. In contrast, immune cells in peritumoral tissue maintain their normal functions. In this context, we present an interesting approach to enhance cancer immunotherapy by utilizing engineered photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) and their outer membrane vesicles (OMVPSB) to capture and transport antigens to the outer regions of the tumor. We modified PSB with maleimide (PSB-MAL), which, when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) laser-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT), induced extensive cancer cell death and the release of tumor antigens. Subsequently, the NIR-phototactic PSB-MAL transported these tumor antigens to the peripheral regions of the tumor under NIR laser exposure. Even more intriguingly, PSB-MAL-derived OMVPSB-MAL effectively captured and delivered antigens to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). This facilitated enhanced antigen presentation by mature and fully functional APCs in the TDLNs. This intricate communication network between PSB-MAL, the OMVPSB-MAL, and APCs promoted the efficient presentation of tumor antigens in the tumor periphery and TDLNs. Consequently, there was a notable increase in the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into the tumor, triggering potent antitumor immune responses in both melanoma and breast cancer models. This cascade of events resulted in enhanced suppression of tumor metastasis and recurrence, underscoring the robust efficacy of our approach. Our interesting study, harnessing the potential of bacteria and OMVs to redirect tumor antigens for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, provides a promising path toward the development of personalized cancer vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yichuan Ma
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong 510515, China
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4
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Malaina I, Gonzalez-Melero L, Martínez L, Salvador A, Sanchez-Diez A, Asumendi A, Margareto J, Carrasco-Pujante J, Legarreta L, García MA, Pérez-Pinilla MB, Izu R, Martínez de la Fuente I, Igartua M, Alonso S, Hernandez RM, Boyano MD. Computational and Experimental Evaluation of the Immune Response of Neoantigens for Personalized Vaccine Design. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109024. [PMID: 37240369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the importance of neoantigens in the development of personalized antitumor vaccines has increased remarkably. In order to study whether bioinformatic tools are effective in detecting neoantigens that generate an immune response, DNA samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma in different stages were obtained, resulting in a total of 6048 potential neoantigens gathered. Thereafter, the immunological responses generated by some of those neoantigens ex vivo were tested, using a vaccine designed by a new optimization approach and encapsulated in nanoparticles. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that no differences were found between the number of neoantigens and that of non-mutated sequences detected as potential binders by IEDB tools. However, those tools were able to highlight neoantigens over non-mutated peptides in HLA-II recognition (p-value 0.03). However, neither HLA-I binding affinity (p-value 0.08) nor Class I immunogenicity values (p-value 0.96) indicated significant differences for the latter parameters. Subsequently, the new vaccine, using aggregative functions and combinatorial optimization, was designed. The six best neoantigens were selected and formulated into two nanoparticles, with which the immune response ex vivo was evaluated, demonstrating a specific activation of the immune response. This study reinforces the use of bioinformatic tools in vaccine development, as their usefulness is proven both in silico and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Malaina
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Melero
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aiala Salvador
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Diez
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Margareto
- Technological Services Division, Health and Quality of Life, TECNALIA, 01510 Miñano, Spain
| | - Jose Carrasco-Pujante
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Legarreta
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Asunción García
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martín Blas Pérez-Pinilla
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Martínez de la Fuente
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC Institute, Department of Nutrition, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Cruz FM, Chan A, Rock KL. Pathways of MHC I cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101729. [PMID: 36804685 PMCID: PMC10023513 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), generate peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I complexes from antigens they have collected from cells in tissues and report this information to CD8 T cells in a process called cross-presentation. This process allows CD8 T cells to detect, respond and eliminate abnormal cells, such as cancers or cells infected with viruses or intracellular microbes. In some settings, cross-presentation can help tolerize CD8 T cells to self-antigens. One of the principal ways that DCs acquire tissue antigens is by ingesting this material through phagocytosis. The resulting phagosomes are key hubs in the cross-presentation (XPT) process and in fact experimentally conferring the ability to phagocytize antigens can be sufficient to allow non-professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) to cross-present. Once in phagosomes, exogenous antigens can be cross-presented (XPTed) through three distinct pathways. There is a vacuolar pathway in which peptides are generated and then bind to MHC I molecules within the confines of the vacuole. Ingested exogenous antigens can also be exported from phagosomes to the cytosol upon vesicular rupture and/or possibly transport. Once in the cytosol, the antigen is degraded by the proteasome and the resulting oligopeptides can be transported to MHC I molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (a phagosome-to-cytosol (P2C) pathway) or in phagosomes (a phagosome-to-cytosol-to-phagosome (P2C2P) pathway). Here we review how phagosomes acquire the necessary molecular components that support these three mechanisms and the contribution of these pathways. We describe what is known as well as the gaps in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amanda Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Huang L, Liu Z, Wu C, Lin J, Liu N. Magnetic nanoparticles enhance the cellular immune response of dendritic cell tumor vaccines by realizing the cytoplasmic delivery of tumor antigens. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10400. [PMID: 36925683 PMCID: PMC10013825 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs)-based tumor vaccines have the advantages of high safety and rapid activation of T cells, and have been approved for clinical tumor treatment. However, the conventional DC vaccines have some severe problems, such as poor activation of DCs in vitro, low level of antigen presentation, reduced cell viability, and difficulty in targeting lymph nodes in vivo, resulting in poor clinical therapeutic effects. In this research, magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@Ca/MnCO3 were prepared and used to actively and efficiently deliver antigens to the cytoplasm of DCs, promote antigen cross-presentation and DC activation, and finally enhance the cellular immune response of DC vaccines. The results show that the magnetic nanoparticles can actively and quickly deliver antigens to the cytoplasm of DCs by regulating the magnetic field, and achieve cross-presentation of antigens. At the same time, the nanoparticles degradation product Mn2+ enhanced immune stimulation through the interferon gene stimulating protein (STING) pathway, and another degradation product Ca2+ ultimately promoted cellular immune response by increasing autophagy. The DC vaccine constructed with the magnetic nanoparticles can more effectively migrate to the lymph nodes, promote the proliferation of CD8+ T cells, prolong the time of immune memory, and produce higher antibody levels. Compared with traditional DC vaccines, cytoplasmic antigen delivery with the magnetic nanoparticles provides a new idea for the construction of novel DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Chongjie Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiansheng Lin
- Department of Anatomy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University Guangzhou China
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Makandar AI, Jain M, Yuba E, Sethi G, Gupta RK. Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122049. [PMID: 36560459 PMCID: PMC9784904 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the severe downsides of conventional cancer therapies, the quest of developing alternative strategies still remains of critical importance. In this regard, antigen cross-presentation, usually employed by dendritic cells (DCs), has been recognized as a potential solution to overcome the present impasse in anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. It has been established that an elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells can be achieved by targeting receptors expressed on DCs with specific ligands. Glycans are known to serve as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on DCs, and are also known to act as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), and, thus, can be harnessed as a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this scenario, integrating the knowledge of cross-presentation and glycan-conjugated nanovaccines can help us to develop so called 'glyco-nanovaccines' (GNVs) for targeting DCs. Here, we briefly review and analyze the potential of GNVs as the next-generation anti-tumor immunotherapy. We have compared different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for their ability to cross-present antigens and described the potential nanocarriers for tumor antigen cross-presentation. Further, we discuss the role of glycans in targeting of DCs, the immune response due to pathogens, and imitative approaches, along with parameters, strategies, and challenges involved in cross-presentation-based GNVs for cancer immunotherapy. It is known that the effectiveness of GNVs in eradicating tumors by inducing strong CTL response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been largely hindered by tumor glycosylation and the expression of different lectin receptors (such as galectins) by cancer cells. Tumor glycan signatures can be sensed by a variety of lectins expressed on immune cells and mediate the immune suppression which, in turn, facilitates immune evasion. Therefore, a sound understanding of the glycan language of cancer cells, and glycan-lectin interaction between the cancer cells and immune cells, would help in strategically designing the next-generation GNVs for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina I. Makandar
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mannat Jain
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gupta
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
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8
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Nanovaccines for Cancer Prevention and Immunotherapy: An Update Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163842. [PMID: 36010836 PMCID: PMC9405528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer vaccines are a promising immunotherapy-based agents used in cancer therapy. However, monotherapy with these vaccines does not have the sufficient effectiveness in clinical settings. To overcome this challenge, researchers designed nanosystems that increase cancer vaccine efficacy and effectiveness by improving the vaccine's half-life and durability, inducing TME reprogram-ming, and enhancing the anti-tumor immunity with minimum toxicity. This review summarized the structure and different types of cancer nanovaccines and their mechanisms of action in cancer therapy. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of these vaccines are discussed. Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has received more and more attention from cancer researchers over the past few decades. Various methods such as cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockers, and cancer vaccines alone or in combination therapies have achieved relatively satisfactory results in cancer therapy. Among these immunotherapy-based methods, cancer vaccines alone have not yet had the necessary efficacy in the clinic. Therefore, nanomaterials have increased the efficacy and ef-fectiveness of cancer vaccines by increasing their half-life and durability, promoting tumor mi-croenvironment (TME) reprogramming, and enhancing their anti-tumor immunity with minimal toxicity. In this review, according to the latest studies, the structure and different types of nanovaccines, the mechanisms of these vaccines in cancer treatment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these nanovaccines are discussed.
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Song S, Xu H, Yang Y, Wan Q, He B, Cai F, Yin H, Zhou Y, Jin X, He Z. Assessing the Efficacy of a Tumor Nanovaccine and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell-Based System as a Combination Therapy in a Mouse Model of Melanoma. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell lysate (TCL)-based vaccines contain a large number of tumor-specific and related antigens, albeit at low levels, that require active transfer and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, which stimulate a weak immune response. The artificial APC (aAPC)
system presented herein is a cell-based therapeutic system that can significantly enhance the immune response compared to TCL-based vaccines. This study combines these two treatment strategies to assess their in vitro and in vivo effects. We successfully prepared TCL-poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid)-PEI (TPP) and demonstrated that it was phagocytosed by the APCs and enhanced the maturation of DCs in vitro. The use of TPP in combination with the aAPCs resulted in better antitumor effects compared to the individual therapies. The combination therapy induced a higher proportion
of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and TRP2180–188-specific CD8+ T cells in comparison with the individual therapies. Additionally, the combination therapy enhanced the in vitro proliferation activity; greater inhibited regulatory T cells; and promoted
inflammatory cytokine secretion, while reduced the production of inhibitory cytokines. In conclusion, the combination therapy consisting of the TPP tumor nanovaccine and the aAPC system enabled a broader immune response and achieve better antitumor effects compared to treatment with the individual
therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiangkun Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zelai He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
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10
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Chuang ST, Conklin B, Stein JB, Pan G, Lee KB. Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35482149 PMCID: PMC9047473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that have drastically improved patient outcomes. Still, these therapies can be improved to limit off-target effects, mitigate systemic toxicities, and increase overall efficacies. Nanoscale engineering offers strategies that enable researchers to attain these goals through the manipulation of immune cell functions, such as enhancing immunity against cancers and pathogens, controlling the site of immune response, and promoting tolerance via the delivery of small molecule drugs or biologics. By tuning the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, different types of immune cells can be targeted and engineered, such as dendritic cells for immunization, or T cells for promoting adaptive immunity. Researchers have come to better understand the critical role the immune system plays in the progression of pathologies besides cancer, and developing nanoengineering approaches that seek to harness the potential of immune cell activities can lead to favorable outcomes for the treatment of injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar T Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joshua B Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - George Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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11
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Advancement of cancer immunotherapy using nanoparticles-based nanomedicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:624-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Weiden J, Schluck M, Ioannidis M, van Dinther EAW, Rezaeeyazdi M, Omar F, Steuten J, Voerman D, Tel J, Diken M, Bencherif SA, Figdor CG, Verdoes M. Robust Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation within Injectable 3D Synthetic Nanovaccine Depots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5622-5632. [PMID: 34734689 PMCID: PMC8672349 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cancer vaccines may boost anticancer immune responses by co-delivering tumor antigens and adjuvants to dendritic cells (DCs). The accessibility of cancer vaccines to DCs and thereby the delivery efficiency of antigenic material greatly depends on the vaccine platform that is used. Three-dimensional scaffolds have been developed to deliver antigens and adjuvants locally in an immunostimulatory environment to DCs to enable sustained availability. However, current systems have little control over the release profiles of the cargo that is incorporated and are often characterized by an initial high-burst release. Here, an alternative system is designed that co-delivers antigens and adjuvants to DCs through cargo-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated within biomaterial-based scaffolds. This creates a programmable system with the potential for controlled delivery of their cargo to DCs. Cargo-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs are entrapped within the polymer walls of alginate cryogels with high efficiency while retaining the favorable physical properties of cryogels, including syringe injection. DCs cultured within these NP-loaded scaffolds acquire strong antigen-specific T cell-activating capabilities. These findings demonstrate that introduction of NPs into the walls of macroporous alginate cryogels creates a fully synthetic immunostimulatory niche that stimulates DCs and evokes strong antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Weiden
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Schluck
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Melina Ioannidis
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Eric A. W. van Dinther
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Mahboobeh Rezaeeyazdi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fawad Omar
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Juulke Steuten
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Dion Voerman
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Immunoengineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON-Translational
Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg
University gGmbH, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Biomechanics
and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology
of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
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13
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Liu L, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Biomaterial nanocarrier-driven mechanisms to modulate anti-tumor immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 20. [PMID: 34423179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy approaches that utilize or enhance patients' inherent immunity have received extensive attention in the past decade. Biomaterial-based nanocarriers with tunable physicochemical properties offer significant promise in cancer immunotherapies. They can lower payload toxicity, provide sustained release of diverse payloads, and target specific disease site(s). Furthermore, nanocarrier-mediated immunotherapies can induce antigen-specific T lymphocytes, tissue-directed immune activation, and apoptosis of cancer cells all of which may comprise a new paradigm in cancer immunotherapy. This review describes key steps in biomaterial-mediated immune activation ranging from biomaterial surface protein adsorption, antigen presenting cell processing, and T cell activation. Nanocarrier-based immunomodulatory mechanisms including inherent adjuvanticity, enhanced cellular internalization, lymph node delivery, cross-presentation, and immunogenic cell death are discussed. In addition, studies that synergistically influence outcomes of nanocarrier-based combination immunotherapies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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14
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Seyfoori A, Shokrollahi Barough M, Mokarram P, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Sheidary A, Madrakian T, Kiumarsi M, Walsh T, McAlinden KD, Ghosh CC, Sharma P, Zeki AA, Ghavami S, Akbari M. Emerging Advances of Nanotechnology in Drug and Vaccine Delivery against Viral Associated Respiratory Infectious Diseases (VARID). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6937. [PMID: 34203268 PMCID: PMC8269337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral-associated respiratory infectious diseases are one of the most prominent subsets of respiratory failures, known as viral respiratory infections (VRI). VRIs are proceeded by an infection caused by viruses infecting the respiratory system. For the past 100 years, viral associated respiratory epidemics have been the most common cause of infectious disease worldwide. Due to several drawbacks of the current anti-viral treatments, such as drug resistance generation and non-targeting of viral proteins, the development of novel nanotherapeutic or nano-vaccine strategies can be considered essential. Due to their specific physical and biological properties, nanoparticles hold promising opportunities for both anti-viral treatments and vaccines against viral infections. Besides the specific physiological properties of the respiratory system, there is a significant demand for utilizing nano-designs in the production of vaccines or antiviral agents for airway-localized administration. SARS-CoV-2, as an immediate example of respiratory viruses, is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the coronaviridae family. COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, similarly to other members of the coronaviridae. Hence, reviewing the current and past emerging nanotechnology-based medications on similar respiratory viral diseases can identify pathways towards generating novel SARS-CoV-2 nanotherapeutics and/or nano-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (T.W.)
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shokrollahi Barough
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran;
- Autophagy Research Center, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; (M.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Alireza Sheidary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran;
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; (M.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Kiumarsi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Tavia Walsh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Kielan D. McAlinden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Chandra C. Ghosh
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-Oncology Institute (Ix2), Providence, RI 02908, USA;
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, U.C. Davis Lung Center, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA 95817, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Autophagy Research Center, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (T.W.)
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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15
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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Polymer-Based Nanovaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060558. [PMID: 34073648 PMCID: PMC8226647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most valuable and cost-effective health measure to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases. A significant number of infectious diseases and chronic disorders are still not preventable by existing vaccination schemes; therefore, new-generation vaccines are needed. Novel technologies such as nanoparticulate systems and adjuvants can enable safe and effective vaccines for difficult target populations such as newborns, elderly, and the immune-compromised. More recently, polymer-based particles have found application as vaccine platforms and vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to prevent antigen degradation and clearance, coupled with enhanced uptake by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Polymeric nanoparticles have been applied in vaccine delivery, showing significant adjuvant effects as they can easily be taken up by APCs. In other words, polymer-based systems offer a lot of advantages, including versatility and flexibility in the design process, the ability to incorporate a range of immunomodulators/antigens, mimicking infection in different ways, and acting as a depot, thereby persisting long enough to generate adaptive immune responses. The aim of this review is to summarize the properties, the characteristics, the added value, and the limitations of the polymer-based nanovaccines, as well as the process of their development by the pharmaceutical industry.
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16
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Wusiman A, Jiang W, Yu L, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Bo R, Liu J, Wang D. Cationic polymer-modified Alhagi honey polysaccharide PLGA nanoparticles as an adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:370-382. [PMID: 33621572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alhagi honey polysaccharide (AHP) exhibit an excellent immune adjuvant effect, but low bioavailability in the body limits its application. Cationic polymer-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been widely investigated as vaccine delivery systems owing to their excellent antigen-loading efficiency. In this study, three kinds of cationic polymer were used to coat AHP-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (AHPP) to build positively charged antigen carriers. Among them, H5N1-loaded PEI-AHPP formulation could induce highest hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, IgG-subtype, and cytokines, activated dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes, and CD3e+CD4+ and CD3e+CD8a+ T cells in the spleen of immunized mice. PEI-AHPP could stimulate DCs to highly express MHCI and MHCII molecules and had good antigen slow-release effect at the injected site along with lymph node targeting. These findings demonstrate that PEI-AHPP has the potential to be an effective adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting Th1 and Th2 mixed immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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17
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Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J, Haque A, Alasmary MY, Abdel-Wahab BA, Akhter S. Emerging advances in synthetic cancer nano-vaccines: opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:1053-1071. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1858058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University College of Pharmacy, Alkharj Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), CNRS UPR4301; LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orleans, France
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18
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Xu C, Hong H, Lee Y, Park KS, Sun M, Wang T, Aikins ME, Xu Y, Moon JJ. Efficient Lymph Node-Targeted Delivery of Personalized Cancer Vaccines with Reactive Oxygen Species-Inducing Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13268-13278. [PMID: 32902245 PMCID: PMC7606610 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines require robust cellular immunity for the efficient killing of tumor cells, and recent advances in neoantigen discovery may provide safe and promising targets for cancer vaccines. However, elicitation of T cells with strong antitumor efficacy requires intricate multistep processes that have been difficult to attain with traditional vaccination approaches. Here, a multifunctional nanovaccine platform has been developed for direct delivery of neoantigens and adjuvants to lymph nodes (LNs) and highly efficient induction of neoantigen-specific T cell responses. A PEGylated reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (RGO-PEG, 20-30 nm in diameter) is a highly modular and biodegradable platform for facile preparation of neoantigen vaccines within 2 h. RGO-PEG exhibits rapid, efficient (15-20% ID/g), and sustained (up to 72 h) accumulation in LNs, achieving >100-fold improvement in LN-targeted delivery, compared with soluble vaccines. Moreover, RGO-PEG induces intracellular reactive oxygen species in dendritic cells, guiding antigen processing and presentation to T cells. Importantly, a single injection of RGO-PEG vaccine elicits potent neoantigen-specific T cell responses lasting up to 30 days and eradicates established MC-38 colon carcinoma. Further combination with anti-PD-1 therapy achieved great therapeutic improvements against B16F10 melanoma. RGO-PEG may serve a powerful delivery platform for personalized cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Pharmacy of Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mingjiao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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19
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Bashiri S, Koirala P, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E965. [PMID: 33066594 PMCID: PMC7602499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; (S.B.); (P.K.)
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20
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Walter F, Winter E, Rahn S, Heidland J, Meier S, Struzek AM, Lettau M, Philipp LM, Beckinger S, Otto L, Möller JL, Helm O, Wesch D, Scherließ R, Sebens S. Chitosan nanoparticles as antigen vehicles to induce effective tumor specific T cell responses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239369. [PMID: 32997691 PMCID: PMC7526875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccinations sensitize the immune system to recognize tumor-specific antigens de novo or boosting preexisting immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are regarded as the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) for induction of (cancer) antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) used as delivery vehicle have been shown to improve anti-tumor responses. This study aimed at exploring the potential of CNPs as antigen delivery system by assessing activation and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by DCs and subsequent T cell-mediated lysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As model antigen the ovalbumin-derived peptide SIINFEKL was chosen. Using imaging cytometry, intracellular uptake of FITC-labelled CNPs of three different sizes and qualities (90/10, 90/20 and 90/50) was demonstrated in DCs and in pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages to different extents. While larger particles (90/50) impaired survival of all APCs, small CNPs (90/10) were not toxic for DCs. Internalization of SIINFEKL-loaded but not empty 90/10-CNPs promoted a pro-inflammatory phenotype of DCs indicated by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of murine DC2.4 cells with SIINFEKL-loaded 90/10-CNPs led to a marked MHC-related presentation of SIINFEKL and enabled DC2.4 cells to potently activate SIINFEKL-specific CD8+ OT-1 T cells finally leading to effective lysis of the PDAC cell line Panc-OVA. Overall, our study supports the suitability of CNPs as antigen vehicle to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses by activation and expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Walter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elsa Winter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Judith Heidland
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saskia Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Struzek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silje Beckinger
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lilli Otto
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Luisa Möller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Ghaferi M, Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani M, Raza A, Al Harthi S, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Alavi SE. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis methods and their therapeutic use-recent advances. J Drug Target 2020; 29:131-154. [PMID: 32815741 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1812614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are a particular example of innovative nanomaterials for the development of drug delivery systems. MSNPs have recently received more attention for biological and pharmaceutical applications due to their capability to deliver therapeutic agents. Due to their unique structure, they can function as an effective carrier for the delivery of therapeutic agents to mitigate diseases progress, reduce inflammatory responses and consequently improve cancer treatment. The potency of MSNPs for the diagnosis and management of various diseases has been studied. This literature review will take an in-depth look into the properties of various types of MSNPs (e.g. shape, particle and pore size, surface area, pore volume and surface functionalisation), and discuss their characteristics, in terms of cellular uptake, drug delivery and release. MSNPs will then be discussed in terms of their therapeutic applications (passive and active tumour targeting, theranostics, biosensing and immunostimulative), biocompatibility and safety issues. Also, emerging trends and expected future advancements of this carrier will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ghaferi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Maedeh Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Molecular Design and Synthesis Discipline, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Sitah Al Harthi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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23
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Yuba E, Fukaya Y, Yanagihara S, Kasho N, Harada A. Development of Mannose-Modified Carboxylated Curdlan-Coated Liposomes for Antigen Presenting Cell Targeted Antigen Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080754. [PMID: 32796567 PMCID: PMC7465930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific delivery to antigen presenting cells (APC) and precise control of the intracellular fate of antigens are crucial to induce cellular immunity that directly and specifically attacks cancer cells. We previously achieved cytoplasmic delivery of antigen and activation of APC using carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes, which led to the induction of cellular immunity in vivo. APCs express mannose receptors on their surface to recognize pathogen specifically and promote cross-presentation of antigen. In this study, mannose-residue was additionally introduced to carboxylated curdlan as a targeting moiety to APC for further improvement of polysaccharide-based antigen carriers. Mannose-modified curdlan derivatives were synthesized by the condensation between amino group-introduced mannose and carboxy group in pH-sensitive curdlan. Mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes showed higher pH-sensitivity than that of liposomes modified with conventional carboxylated curdlan. The introduction of mannose-residue to the liposomes induced aggregation in the presence of Concanavalin A, indicating that mannose residues were presented onto liposome surface. Mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes exhibited high and selective cellular association to APC. Furthermore, mannose residue-introduced carboxylated curdlan-modified liposomes promoted cross-presentation of antigen and induced strong antitumor effects on tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, these liposomes are promising as APC-specific antigen delivery systems for the induction of antigen-specific cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (A.H.); Tel.: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.); Fax: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.)
| | | | | | | | - Atsushi Harada
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (A.H.); Tel.: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.); Fax: +81-72-254-9330 (E.Y.)
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24
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Taki AC, Francis JE, Skakic I, Dekiwadia C, McLean TR, Bansal V, Smooker PM. Protein-only nanocapsules induce cross-presentation in dendritic cells, demonstrating potential as an antigen delivery system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102234. [PMID: 32522709 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Templating has been demonstrated to be an efficient method of nanocapsule preparation. However, there have been no reports of using protein-only nanocapsules as an antigen delivery system. Such a system would enable the delivery of antigen without additional polymers. This study focused on defining the structural and cellular characteristics of nanocapsules consisting of antigen (ovalbumin) alone, synthesized by the templating method using highly monodispersed solid core mesoporous shell (SC/MS) and mesoporous (MS) silica nanoparticles of 410 nm and 41 nm in diameter, respectively. The synthesized ovalbumin nanocapsules were homogeneous in structure, and cellular uptake was observed in DC2.4 murine immature dendritic cells with minimal cytotoxicity. The nanocapsules were localized intracellularly and induced antigen presentation by the cross-presentation pathway. The templating system, using SC/MS and MS silica nanoparticles, was demonstrated to be an effective nanocapsule synthesis method for a new antigen delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya C Taki
- Bioscience and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jasmine E Francis
- Bioscience and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ivana Skakic
- Bioscience and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thomas R McLean
- Bioscience and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vipul Bansal
- RMIT NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peter M Smooker
- Bioscience and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Gore MM. Vaccines Against Dengue and West Nile Viruses in India: The Need of the Hour. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:423-433. [PMID: 32320353 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of flaviviruses, dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses, and others, is generating a major concern in many countries. Both JE along with DEN have been endemic in large regions of India. WN virus infection, although circulating in southern regions for many years, in recent years, WN encephalitis patients have been demonstrated. While vaccines against JE have been developed and decrease outbreaks, in case of DEN and WN, vaccines are still in developing level, especially, it has been difficult to achieve the long-term protective immune response. The first licensed DEN vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine, was administered in countries where the virus is endemic, and has a potential to cause serious side effects, especially when administered to younger population as observed in the Philippines vaccination drive. In the case of WN, although the purified inactivated virion-based vaccine worked effectively as a veterinary vaccine for horses, no effective vaccine has yet been licensed for humans. The induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses is essential to complete protection by these viruses, as evidenced by responses to asymptomatic infections. Many studies have shown that neutralizing antibody (NAb) response is against surface structural proteins; CD4+ and CD8+ responses are mainly directed against nonstructural proteins rather than NAb response. New data suggest that encapsulating virus vaccines in nanoparticles (NPs) will direct antigen in cytoplasmic compartment by antigen-presenting cells, which will improve presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since tissue culture-derived, purified inactivated viruses are easier to manufacture and safer than developing live virus vaccines, inclusion of NP provides an attractive alternative for generating robust flaviviral vaccines that are affordable with long-lived protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Gore
- Emeritus Scientist, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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26
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Lung P, Yang J, Li Q. Nanoparticle formulated vaccines: opportunities and challenges. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5746-5763. [PMID: 32124894 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines harness the inherent properties of the immune system to prevent diseases or treat existing ones. Continuous efforts have been devoted to both gaining a mechanistic understanding of how the immune system operates and designing vaccines with high efficacies and effectiveness. Advancements in nanotechnology in recent years have generated unique opportunities to meet the daunting challenges associated with immunology and vaccine development. Firstly, nanoparticle formulated systems provide ideal model systems for studying the operation of the immune system, making it possible to systematically identify key factors and understand their roles in specific immune responses. Also, the versatile compositions/architectures of nanoparticle systems enable new strategies/novel platforms for developing vaccines with high efficacies and effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the advantages of nanoparticles and the challenges faced during vaccine development, through the framework of the immunological mechanisms of vaccination, with the aim of bridging the gap between immunology and materials science, which are both involved in vaccine design. The knowledge obtained provides general guidelines for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsai Lung
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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27
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Effective Activation of Human Antigen-Presenting Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cells by a Calcium Phosphate-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine Delivery System. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010110. [PMID: 32121590 PMCID: PMC7157756 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of vaccines to induce T cell responses is crucial for preventing diseases caused by viruses. Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered to be efficient tools for the initiation of potent immune responses. Calcium phosphate (CaP) NPs are a class of biodegradable nanocarriers that are able to deliver immune activating molecules across physiological barriers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand and viral antigen functionalized CaP NPs are capable of inducing efficient maturation of human antigen presenting cells (APC). To achieve this, we generated primary human dendritic cells (DCs) and stimulated them with CpG or poly(I:C) functionalized CaP NPs. DCs were profoundly stronger when activated upon NP stimulation compared to treatment with soluble TLR ligands. This is indicated by increased levels of costimulatory molecules and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Consequently, coculture of NP-stimulated APCs with CD8+ T cells resulted in a significant expansion of virus-specific T cells. In summary, our data suggest that functionalized CaP NPs are a suitable tool for activating human virus-specific CD8+ T cells and may represent an excellent vaccine delivery system.
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28
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Liu Q, Zhou Y, Li M, Zhao L, Ren J, Li D, Tan Z, Wang K, Li H, Hussain M, Zhang L, Shen G, Zhu J, Tao J. Polyethylenimine Hybrid Thin-Shell Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Vaccine Self-Adjuvants for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47798-47809. [PMID: 31773941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conventional adjuvants (e.g., aluminum) are insufficient to trigger cell-mediated immunity, which plays a crucial role in triggering specific immunity against cancer. Therefore, developing appropriate adjuvants for cancer vaccines is a central way to stimulate the antitumor immune response. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) have been proven to stimulate Th1 antitumor immunity in vivo and promote immunological memory in the formulation of novel cancer vaccines. Yet, immune response rates of existing HMSNs for anticancer immunity still remain low. Here, we demonstrate the generation of polyethylenimine (PEI)-incorporated thin-shell HMSNs (THMSNs) through a facile PEI etching strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Interestingly, incorporation of PEI and thin-shell hollow structures of THMSNs not only improved the antigen-loading efficacy and sustained drug release profiles but also enhanced the phagocytosis efficiency by dendritic cells (DCs), enabled DC maturation and Th1 immunity, and sustained immunological memory, resulting in the enhancement of the adjuvant effect of THMSNs. Moreover, THMSNs vaccines without significant side effects can significantly reduce the potentiality of tumor growth and metastasis in tumor challenge and rechallenge models, respectively. THMSNs are considered to be promising vehicles and excellent adjuvants for the formulation of cancer vaccines for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yajie Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Mo Li
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Danqi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430022 , China
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Mubashir Hussain
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , HUST , Wuhan 430022 , China
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Lee SJ, Kim JJ, Kang KY, Paik MJ, Lee G, Yee ST. Enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy by silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with ovalbumin. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8235-8249. [PMID: 31802864 PMCID: PMC6802490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effective induction of an antigen-specific T cell immune response through dendritic cell activation is one of the key goals of tumor immunotherapy. Methods In this study, efficient antigen-delivery carriers using silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were designed and, their antigen-specific T cell immune response through dendritic cell activation investigated. Results The results showed that the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles with conjugated ovalbumin enhanced the production of cytokines and antigen uptake in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Also, this induced an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response and activated antigen-specific Th1 cell responses, including IL-2 and IFN-γ production and proliferation. We proved that the immune-stimulatory effects of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles with conjugated ovalbumin were efficient in inhibiting of tumor growth in EG7-OVA (mouse lymphoma-expressing ovalbumin tumor-bearing mice model). Conclusion Therefore, the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles with conjugated ovalbumin are expected to be useful as efficient anti-cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
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30
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Lu L, Huang H, Zhou J, Ma W, Mackay S, Wang Z. BRCA1 mRNA expression modifies the effect of T cell activation score on patient survival in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:387. [PMID: 31023256 PMCID: PMC6482542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effector CD8+ T cell activation and its cytotoxic function to eradicate tumor cells depend on the T cell recognition of tumor neoantigens, and are positively associated with improved survival in breast cancer. Tumor suppressor BRCA1 and cell cycle regulator CCND1 play a critical role in maintaining genome integrity and tumorigenesis, respectively. However, it is still unclear how BRCA1 and CCND1 expression levels affect the effect of T cell activation on breast cancer patient survival. Methods The interactions between T cell activation status and either BRCA1 or CCND1 expression were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models in a public dataset with 1088 breast cancer patients. Results Among the patients with low BRCA1 or CCND1 expression, the Activation group showed better overall survival than the Exhaustion group. Adjusted hazards ratios were 0.43 (95% CI: 0.20–0.93) in patients with a low BRCA1 level, and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19–0.81) in patients with a low CCND1 level, respectively. There was a significant trend in both subgroups (p-trend = 0.011 in the low BRCA1 group, and p-trend = 0.009 in the low CCND1 group). In contrast, there is no significant association in patients with either high BRCA1 or high CCND1 levels. There is a significant interaction between T cell activation status and BRCA1 level (p = 0.009), but not between T cell activation status and CCND1 level (p = 0.135). Conclusions BRCA1 expression modified the effect of T cell activation status on patient survival in breast cancer, suggesting that the existence of neoantigens and the enhancement of neoantigen presentation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade may have synergistic effects on patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Huatian Huang
- Guizhou Qianxinan People's Hospital, Xingyi, 652400, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Isoplexis Corporation, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sean Mackay
- Isoplexis Corporation, 35 NE Industrial Road, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
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31
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Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Addressing barriers to effective cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: achievements, challenges, and roadmap to the next generation of nanoimmunotherapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:3-22. [PMID: 29339144 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex systemic disorder that affects many organs and tissues and arises from the altered function of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. One of the systems malfunctioning in cancer is the immune system. Restoring and improving the ability of the immune system to effectively recognize and eradicate cancer is the main focus of immunotherapy, a topic which has garnered recent and significant interest. The initial excitement about immunotherapy, however, has been challenged by its limited efficacy in certain patient populations and the development of adverse effects such as therapeutic resistance and autoimmunity. At the same time, a number of advances in the field of nanotechnology have sought to address the challenges faced by modern immunotherapeutics and allow these therapeutic strategies to realize their full potential. This endeavour requires an understanding of not only the immunological barriers in cancer but also the mechanisms by which modern technologies and immunotherapeutics modulate the function of the immune system. Herein, we summarize the major barriers relevant to cancer immunotherapy and review current progress in addressing these obstacles using various approaches and clinically approved therapies. We then discuss the remaining challenges and how they can be addressed by nanotechnology. We lay out translational considerations relevant to the therapies described and propose a framework for the development of next-generation nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies.
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Urbanavicius D, Alvarez T, Such GK, Johnston APR, Mintern JD. The potential of nanoparticle vaccines as a treatment for cancer. Mol Immunol 2019; 98:2-7. [PMID: 29395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A complex and multifaceted relationship exists between cancer and the immune system. Advances in our understanding of this relationship have resulted in significant clinical attention in the possibilities of cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing the immune system's potent and selective destructive capability is a major focus of attempts to treat cancer. Despite significant progress in the field, cancer therapy still remains significantly deficient, with cancer being one of the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in the developed world. It is evident that the design of new treatment regimes is required to exploit cancer immunotherapy. Herein we review the potential for nanotechnology to overcome the challenges that have limited the more widespread implementation of immunotherapy to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Urbanavicius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tara Alvarez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Van Giau V, An SSA, Hulme J. Recent advances in the treatment of pathogenic infections using antibiotics and nano-drug delivery vehicles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:327-343. [PMID: 30705582 PMCID: PMC6342214 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s190577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide misuse of antibiotics and the subsequent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have prompted a paradigm shift in the established view of antibiotic and bacterial-human relations. The clinical failures of conventional antibiotic therapies are associated with lengthy detection methods, poor penetration at infection sites, disruption of indigenous microflora and high potential for mutational resistance. One of the most promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antibiotics is to complex them with micro or nano delivery materials. Such materials/vehicles can shield antibiotics from enzyme deactivation, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Alternatively, drug-free nanomaterials that do not kill the pathogen but target virulent factors such as adhesins, toxins, or secretory systems can be used to minimize resistance and infection severity. The main objective of this review is to examine the potential of the aforementioned materials in the detection and treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
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Kroll AV, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Holay M, Fang RH, Zhang L. Biomimetic Nanoparticle Vaccines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1800219. [PMID: 31728404 PMCID: PMC6855307 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is currently understood that, in order for a tumor to successfully grow, it must evolve means of evading immune surveillance. In the past several decades, researchers have leveraged increases in our knowledge of tumor immunology to develop therapies capable of augmenting endogenous immunity and eliciting strong antitumor responses. In particular, the goal of anticancer vaccination is to train the immune system to properly utilize its own resources in the fight against cancer. Although attractive in principle, there are currently only limited examples of anticancer vaccines that have been successfully translated to the clinic. Recently, there has been a significant push towards the use of nanotechnology for designing vaccine candidates that exhibit enhanced potency and specificity. In this progress report, we discuss recent developments in the field of anticancer nanovaccines. By taking advantage of the flexibility offered by nanomedicine to purposefully program immune responses, this new generation of vaccines has the potential to address many of the hurdles facing traditional platforms. A specific emphasis is placed on the emergence of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, a novel biomimetic platform that can be used to generate personalized nanovaccines that elicit strong, multi-antigenic antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Kroll
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Jia J, Zhang Y, Xin Y, Jiang C, Yan B, Zhai S. Interactions Between Nanoparticles and Dendritic Cells: From the Perspective of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:404. [PMID: 30319969 PMCID: PMC6167641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary antigen-presenting cells and play key roles in the orchestration of the innate and adaptive immune system. Targeting DCs by nanotechnology stands as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) influence their interactions with DCs, thus altering the immune outcome of DCs by changing their functions in the processes of maturation, homing, antigen processing and antigen presentation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in targeting DCs using NPs as a drug delivery carrier in cancer immunotherapy, the recognition of NPs by DCs, and the ways the physicochemical properties of NPs affect DCs' functions. Finally, the molecular pathways in DCs that are affected by NPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuijuan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shumei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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36
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Vemireddy S, M.C. PP, Halmuthur M. SK. Chitosan stabilized nasal emulsion delivery system for effective humoral and cellular response against recombinant tetravalent dengue antigen. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Ilyinskii PO, Kovalev GI, O’Neil CP, Roy CJ, Michaud AM, Drefs NM, Pechenkin MA, Fu FN, Johnston LPM, Ovchinnikov DA, Kishimoto TK. Synthetic vaccine particles for durable cytolytic T lymphocyte responses and anti-tumor immunotherapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197694. [PMID: 29856772 PMCID: PMC5983463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that synthetic vaccine particles (SVP) encapsulating antigens and TLR agonists resulted in augmentation of immune responses with minimal production of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Here we evaluated two different polymer formulations of SVP-encapsulated antigens and tested their ability to induce cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in combination with SVP-encapsulated adjuvants. One formulation led to efficient antigen processing and cross-presentation, rapid and sustained CTL activity, and expansion of CD8+ T cell effector memory cells locally and centrally, which persisted for at least 1–2 years after a single immunization. SVP therapeutic dosing resulted in suppression of tumor growth and a substantial delay in mortality in several syngeneic mouse cancer models. Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and/or cytotoxic drugs, while suboptimal on their own, showed considerable synergy with SVP immunization. SVP encapsulation of endosomal TLR agonists provided superior CTL induction, therapeutic benefit and/or improved safety profile compared to free adjuvants. SVP vaccines encapsulating mutated HPV-16 E7 and E6/E7 recombinant proteins led to induction of broad CTL activity and strong inhibition of TC-1 tumor growth, even when administered therapeutically 13–14 days after tumor inoculation in animals bearing palpable tumors. A pilot study in non-human primates showed that SVP-encapsulated E7/E6 adjuvanted with SVP-encapsulated poly(I:C) led to robust induction of antigen-specific T and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fen-ni Fu
- Selecta Biosciences, Watertown, MA, United States of America
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Ahmed S, Miyawaki O, Matsumura K. Enhanced Adsorption of a Protein-Nanocarrier Complex onto Cell Membranes through a High Freeze Concentration by a Polyampholyte Cryoprotectant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2352-2362. [PMID: 29361227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transportation of biomolecules into cells is of great importance in tissue engineering and as stimulation for antitumor immune cells. Previous freezing strategies at ultracold temperatures (-80 °C) used for intracellular transportation exhibit certain limitations such as extended time requirements and harsh delivery system conditions. Thus, the need remains to develop simplified methods for safe nanomaterial delivery. Here, we demonstrated a unique strategy based on the ice-crystallization-induced freeze concentration for protein intracellular delivery in combination with a polyampholyte cryoprotectant. We found that upon sustained lowering of the temperature from -6 to -20 °C over a short duration, the adsorption of proteins onto the peripheral cell membrane was markedly increased through the facile ice-crystallization-induced freeze concentration. Furthermore, we proposed a freeze concentration factor (α) that depends on the freezing-point depression and is estimated from an analysis of the fraction of frozen water. Notably, the α values of the polyampholyte cryoprotectant were 8-fold higher than those of the currently used cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at particular temperatures of interest. Our results illustrate that the presence of a polyampholyte cryoprotectant significantly enhanced the adsorption of the protein/nanocarrier complex onto membranes compared to that obtained with DMSO because of the high freeze concentration. The present study demonstrated the direct relationship between freezing and the penetration of proteins across the periphery of the cell membrane by means of increased concentration during freezing. These results may be useful in providing a guideline for the intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules using ice-crystallization-induced continuous freezing combined with polyampholyte cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahmed
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Osato Miyawaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Liu H, Bao P, Li L, Wang Y, Xu C, Deng M, Zhang J, Zhao X. Pitavastatin nanoparticle-engineered endothelial progenitor cells repair injured vessels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18067. [PMID: 29273744 PMCID: PMC5741712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in vessel recovery and maintenance of normal endothelial function. Therefore, pitavastatin-nanoparticles (NPs)-engineered EPC may be effective in repairing injured vasculature. Pitavastatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs were obtained via ultrasonic emulsion solvent evaporation with PLGA as the carrier encapsulating pitavastatin. The effects and mechanism of pitavastatin-NPs on EPC proliferation in vitro were evaluated. Then, EPC that internalized pitavastatin-NPs were transplanted into rats after carotid artery injury. EPC homing, re-endothelialization, and neointima were evaluated by fluorescence labeling, evans Blue and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Pitavastatin-NPs significantly improved EPC proliferation compared with control and pitavastatin group. Those effects were blocked by pretreatment with the pharmacological phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) blockers LY294002. After carotid artery injury, more transplanted EPC were detected in target zone in Pitavastatin-NPs group than pitavastatin and control group. Re-endothelialization was promoted and intimal hyperplasia was inhibited as well. Thus, pitavastatin-NPs promote EPC proliferation via PI3K signaling and accelerate recovery of injured carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyun Liu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Cardiovascular Department, First People's Hospital of Chong Qing Liang Jiang New Zone, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Pang Bao
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The 180th Hospital of PLA, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Lufeng Li
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunxin Xu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mengyang Deng
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
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40
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Characterization of innate responses induced by in ovo administration of encapsulated and free forms of ligands of Toll-like receptor 4 and 21 in chicken embryos. Res Vet Sci 2017; 125:405-415. [PMID: 29126629 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including double-stranded RNA, CpG DNA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After interaction with their ligands, TLRs initiate innate responses that are manifested by activating cells and inducing expression of cytokines that help mediate adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands (TLR-Ls) have the potential to be used prophylactically (alone) or as vaccine adjuvants to promote host immunity. Encapsulating TLR-Ls in nanoparticles, such as Poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid), may prolong responses through sustained release of the ligands. PLGA nanoparticles protect encapsulated TLR-Ls from degradation and extend the half-life of these ligands by reducing their rapid removal from the body. In this study, encapsulated and free forms of LPS and CpG ODN were administered to embryonation day 18 (ED18) chicken embryos. Spleen, lungs and bursa of Fabricius were collected at 6, 18 and 48hour post-stimulation (hps) and cytokine gene expressions were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results indicate that both the free and encapsulated forms of LPS and CpG ODN induced innate immune responses in ED18 chicken embryos. Innate responses induced in embryos seem similar to those reported in mature chickens. Significant upregulation of cytokine genes generally occurred by 48hps. Further studies are needed to evaluate long term immunomodulatory effects of encapsulated TLR-Ls and their ability to mediate protection against pathogens of young chicks.
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41
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Song W, Musetti SN, Huang L. Nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2017; 148:16-30. [PMID: 28961532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is quickly growing to be the fourth most important cancer therapy, after surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is the most promising cancer management strategy because it orchestrates the body's own immune system to target and eradicate cancer cells, which may result in durable antitumor responses and reduce metastasis and recurrence more than traditional treatments. Nanomaterials hold great promise in further improving the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy - in many cases, they are even necessary for effective delivery. In this review, we briefly summarize the basic principles of cancer immunotherapy and explain why and where to apply nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, with special emphasis on cancer vaccines and tumor microenvironment modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Song
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Sara N Musetti
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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42
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Shen C, Li J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Shen G, Zhu J, Tao J. Polyethylenimine-based micro/nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5443-5460. [PMID: 28814862 PMCID: PMC5546778 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have shown great success in treating and preventing tumors and infections, while adjuvants are always demanded to ensure potent immune responses. Polyethylenimine (PEI), as one of the well-studied cationic polymers, has been used as a transfection reagent for decades. However, increasing evidence has shown that PEI-based particles are also capable of acting as adjuvants. In this paper, we briefly review the physicochemical properties and the broad applications of PEI in different fields, and elaborate on the intracellular processes of PEI-based vaccines. In addition, we sum up the proof of their in vivo and clinical applications. We also highlight some mechanisms proposed for the intrinsic immunoactivation function of PEI, followed by the challenges and future perspectives of the applications of PEI in the vaccines, as well as some strategies to elicit the desirable immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuce Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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43
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Synthetic melanin bound to subunit vaccine antigens significantly enhances CD8+ T-cell responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181403. [PMID: 28715455 PMCID: PMC5513539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) play a key role in immunity against cancer; however, the induction of CTL responses with currently available vaccines remains difficult. Because several reports have suggested that pigmentation and immunity might be functionally linked, we investigated whether melanin can act as an adjuvant in vaccines. Short synthetic peptides (8-35 amino acids long) containing T-cell epitopes were mixed with a solution of L-Dopa, a precursor of melanin. The mixture was then oxidized to generate nanoparticles of melanin-bound peptides. Immunization with melanin-bound peptides efficiently triggered CTL responses in mice, even against self-antigens and at a very low dose of peptides (microgram range). Immunization against a tumor antigen inhibited the growth of established tumors in mice, an effect that was abrogated by the depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes. These results demonstrate the efficacy of melanin as a vaccine adjuvant.
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44
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Synthetic Biodegradable Microparticle and Nanoparticle Vaccines against the Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040045. [PMID: 27918420 PMCID: PMC5192365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biodegradable microparticle and nanoparticle platform technology provides the opportunity to design particles varying in composition, size, shape and surface properties for application in vaccine development. The use of particle vaccine formulations allows improvement of antigen stability and immunogenicity while allowing targeted delivery and slow release. This technology has been design to develop novel vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. In the last decade, several nano- and micro-sized RSV vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in animal models showing promising results. This review provides an overview of recent advances in prophylactic particle vaccines for RSV and the multiple factors that can affect vaccine efficacy.
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45
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Bhargava A, Mishra DK, Jain SK, Srivastava RK, Lohiya NK, Mishra PK. Comparative assessment of lipid based nano-carrier systems for dendritic cell based targeting of tumor re-initiating cells in gynecological cancers. Mol Immunol 2016; 79:98-112. [PMID: 27764711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify an optimum nano-carrier system to deliver tumor antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) for efficient targeting of tumor reinitiating cells (TRICs) in gynecological malignancies. Different lipid based nano-carrier systems i.e. liposomes, ethosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) were examined for their ability to activate DCs in allogeneic settings. Out of these three, the most optimized formulation was subjected for cationic and mannosylated surface modification and pulsed with DCs for specific targeting of tumor cells. In both allogeneic and autologous trials, SLNPs showed a strong ability to activate DCs and orchestrate specific immune responses for targeting TRICs in gynecological malignancies. Our findings suggest that the mannosylated form of SLNPs is a suitable molecular vector for DC based therapeutics. DCs pulsed with mannosylated SLNPs may be utilized as adjuvant therapy for specific removal of TRICs to benefit patients from tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Bhargava
- School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | | | - Subodh K Jain
- School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Nirmal K Lohiya
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India; Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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