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Sakr TM, Elsabagh MF, Fayez H, Sarhan MO, Syam YM, Anwar MM, Motaleb MA, Zaghary WA. Multi-functionalization of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for tumor theragnosis: Synthesis, characterization, enzyme assay, in-silico study, radiolabeling and in vivo targeting evaluation. Daru 2024; 32:77-95. [PMID: 38072913 PMCID: PMC11087444 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, a combination of nanotechnology, organic synthesis and radiochemistry were utilized in order to design an efficient nano-system conjugated with a suitable radionuclide and an antitumor agent for possible application as tumor theragnostic agent. METHOD Four novel compounds (3 and 4a-c) bearing tetrahydroquinazoline-7-sulfonohydrazide or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-7-sulfonamide scaffold were designed. Then, docking study predicted that the compounds can be considered as potential inhibitors for PARP-1. Following that; the four compounds were synthesized and properly characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect of the four compounds was evaluated against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-436), where compound 3 showed the most promising cytotoxic effect. The inhibitory effect of the four compounds was evaluated in vitro against PARP-1. RESULT Carboxylated graphene oxide nanosheets (NGO-COOH) were synthesized by a modified Hummer's method and has size of range 40 nm. The NGO-COOH nanosheets were proven to be safe and biocompatible when tested in vitro against normal human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The prepared NGO-COOH nanosheets were conjugated with compound 3 then radiolabeled with 99mTc to yield 99mTc-NGO-COOH-3 with a radiochemical yield of 98.5.0 ± 0.5%. 99mTc-NGO-COOH-3 was injected intravenously in solid tumor bearing mice to study the degree of localization of the nano-system at tumor tissue. The results of the study revealed, excellent localization and retention of the designed nano-system at tumor tissues with targeting ratio of 9.0. CONCLUSION Stirred a new candidate tumor theragnostic agent that is safe, selective and stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Sakr
- Radioisotopes Production Facility, Second Egyptian Research Reactor Complex, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Elsabagh
- Radioisotopes Production Facility, Second Egyptian Research Reactor Complex, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - Hend Fayez
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mona O Sarhan
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Syam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry/ National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Anwar
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry/ National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Motaleb
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nouri Hajbaba M, Pourmadadi M, Yazdian F, Rashedi H, Abdouss M, Zhohrabi DS. The function of chitosan/agarose biopolymer on Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles and evaluation of their effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and expression of BCL2 and BAX genes. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3305. [PMID: 36258667 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, magnetic nanoparticles modified with biocompatible polymers have been recognized as a suitable tool for treating breast cancer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the function of chitosan/agarose-functionalized Fe2 O3 nanoparticles on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the expression of BCL2 and BAX genes. Free Fe2 O3 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS, VSM, and zeta potential analyses determined the size and morphological characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of Fe2 O3 free nanoparticles and formulated Fe2 O3 nanoparticles on induction of apoptosis was studied by double-dye Annexin V-FITC and PI. Also, the gene expression results using the PCR method displayed that Fe2 O3 formulated nanoparticles induced BAX apoptosis by increasing the anti-apoptotic gene expression and decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic gene BCL2, so the cell progresses to planned cell death. In addition, the results showed that the BAX/BCL2 ratio decreased significantly after treatment of MCF-7 cells with free Fe2 O3 nanoparticles, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio for Fe2 O3 formulated nanoparticles increased significantly. Also, to evaluate cell migration, the scratch test was performed, which showed a decrease in motility of MCF-7 cancer cells treated with Fe2 O3 nanoparticles formulated with chitosan/agarose at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Nouri Hajbaba
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dina Sadat Zhohrabi
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
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Estimation of SPIO Nanoparticles Uptakes by Macrophages Using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213801. [PMID: 36430278 PMCID: PMC9692596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their interesting size-dependent magnetic characteristics and relative biocompatibility, magnetic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely exploited as probes for cell and subcellular structure identification, as well as medication and gene delivery. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of the interaction between nanoparticles and macrophages is vital in managing dynamic processes in nanomedicine. In this study, the interaction behavior and uptake of SPIO nanoparticles by M1- and M2-type macrophages were investigated. Mice monocytes were differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages, and the uptake of SPIO nanoparticles was studied using a TEM microscope. A high resolution image of 1 nm resolution, an image processing technique, was developed to extract the SPIO-NPs from tomographic TEM microscopic images. Lysosomes appear to be the zones of high concentrations of SPIO inside macrophages. Lysosomes were first selected in each image, and then segmentation by the Otsu thresholding method was used to extract the SPIO-NPs. The Otsu threshold method is a global thresholding technique used to automatically differentiate SPIOs from the background. The SPIO-NPs appear in red colors, and the other pixels in the image are considered background. Then, an estimation of the SPIO-NP uptakes by lysosomes is produced. Higher uptake of all-sized nanoparticles was observed in M1- and M2-type macrophages. An accurate estimation of the number of SPIO-NPs was obtained. This result will help in controlling targeted drug delivery and assessing the safety impact of the use of SPIO-NPs in nanomedicine for humans.
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Peserico A, Di Berardino C, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Canciello A, Camerano Spelta Rapini C, Barboni B. Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091414. [PMID: 35564123 PMCID: PMC9103829 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP–cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell–NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
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Cubic Iron Core-Shell Nanoparticles Functionalized to Obtain High-Performance MRI Contrast Agents. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062228. [PMID: 35329677 PMCID: PMC8955863 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with SiO2 coating were synthesized to have a cubic iron core. These were found to have saturation magnetization very close to the highest possible value of any iron-containing nanoparticles and the bulk iron saturation magnetization. The in vitro toxicology studies show that they are highly biocompatible and possess better MRI contrast agent potential than iron oxide NPs.
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Brandão F, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B. Toxicological Aspects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:303-350. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Generalova AN, Oleinikov VA, Khaydukov EV. One-dimensional necklace-like assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles: Recent advances in design, preparation and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102543. [PMID: 34678536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) necklace-like assembly of inorganic nanoparticles exhibits unique collective properties, which are critical to open up new and remarkable opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. This review focuses on the recent advances in the production of these types of assemblies employing two strategies: colloidal synthesis and self-assembly procedures. After a brief description of the forces guiding nanoparticles towards the assembly, the main features of both strategies are discussed. Examples of approaches, typically involved in colloidal synthesis, are highlighted. The peculiar properties of 1D nanostructures are strictly associated with the nanoparticle arrangement in the form of highly ordered assemblies, which are attained during the synthesis both in the solution and using a template, as well as under the action of an external force. The various 1D necklace-like structures, created through nanoparticle self-assembly, demonstrate aligned, oriented nanoparticle organization. Diverse nature, size and shape of preformed particles as building blocks, along with utilizing different linkers, templates or external field lead to fabrication of 1D chain nanostructures with properties responsible for their wide applications. The unique structure-property relationship, both in colloidal synthesis, and self-assembly, offers broad spectrum of 1D necklace-like nanostructure implementations, illustrated by their use in photonics, electronics, electrocatalysis, magnetics.
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Assessing the Biocompatibility of Multi-Anchored Glycoconjugate Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Normal Human Colon Cell Line CCD-18Co. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102465. [PMID: 34684906 PMCID: PMC8537094 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles with dopamine-anchored heterobifunctional polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer, namely PEO-IONPs, and bio-functionalized with sialic-acid specific glycoconjugate moiety (Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)-Glcβ-sp), namely GM3-IONPs, can be effectively used as antibacterial agents against target Escherichia coli. In this study, we evaluated the biocompatibility of PEO-IONPs and GM3-IONPs in a normal human colon cell line CCD-18Co via measuring cell proliferation, membrane integrity, and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione GSH, dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123, and caspase 3/7 levels. PEO-IONPs caused a significant decrease in cell viability at concentrations above 100 μg/mL whereas GM3-IONPs did not cause a significant decrease in cell viability even at the highest dose of 500 μg/mL. The ATP synthase activity of CCD-18Co was significantly diminished in the presence of PEO-IONPs but not GM3-IONPs. PEO-IONPs also compromised the membrane integrity of CCD-18Co. In contrast, cells exposed to GM3-IONPs showed significantly different cell morphology, but with no apparent membrane damage. The interaction of PEO-IONPs or GM3-IONPs with CCD-18Co resulted in a substantial decrease in the intracellular GSH levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, levels of DHR-123 increased with IONP concentrations. Levels of caspase 3/7 proteins were found to be significantly elevated in cells exposed to PEO-IONPs. Based on the results, we assume GM3-IONPs to be biocompatible with CCD-18Co and could be further evaluated for selective killing of pathogens in vivo.
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Mamani JB, Souza TKF, Nucci MP, Oliveira FA, Nucci LP, Alves AH, Rego GNA, Marti L, Gamarra LF. In Vitro Evaluation of Hyperthermia Magnetic Technique Indicating the Best Strategy for Internalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Applied in Glioblastoma Tumor Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1219. [PMID: 34452180 PMCID: PMC8399657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aims to evaluate the magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) technique and the best strategy for internalization of magnetic nanoparticles coated with aminosilane (SPIONAmine) in glioblastoma tumor cells. SPIONAmine of 50 and 100 nm were used for specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis, performing the MHT with intensities of 50, 150, and 300 Gauss and frequencies varying between 305 and 557 kHz. The internalization strategy was performed using 100, 200, and 300 µgFe/mL of SPIONAmine, with or without Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and filter, and with or without static or dynamic magnet field. The cell viability was evaluated after determination of MHT best condition of SPIONAmine internalization. The maximum SAR values of SPIONAmine (50 nm) and SPIONAmine (100 nm) identified were 184.41 W/g and 337.83 W/g, respectively, using a frequency of 557 kHz and intensity of 300 Gauss (≈23.93 kA/m). The best internalization strategy was 100 µgFe/mL of SPIONAmine (100 nm) using PLL with filter and dynamic magnet field, submitted to MHT for 40 min at 44 °C. This condition displayed 70.0% decreased in cell viability by flow cytometry and 68.1% by BLI. We can conclude that our study is promising as an antitumor treatment, based on intra- and extracellular MHT effects. The optimization of the nanoparticles internalization process associated with their magnetic characteristics potentiates the extracellular acute and late intracellular effect of MHT achieving greater efficiency in the therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Taylla K. F. Souza
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
- LIM44-Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Leopoldo P. Nucci
- Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília 72445-020, DF, Brazil;
| | - Arielly H. Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriel N. A. Rego
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciana Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (J.B.M.); (T.K.F.S.); (M.P.N.); (F.A.O.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (L.M.)
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Citrate-Coated Magnetic Polyethyleneimine Composites for Plasmid DNA Delivery into Glioblastoma. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142228. [PMID: 34300986 PMCID: PMC8309231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ternary composites that are based on branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI 25 kDa, polydispersity 2.5, 0.1 or 0.2 ng), citrate-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (citrate-NPs, 8-10 nm, 0.1, 1.0, or 2.5 µg), and reporter circular plasmid DNA pEGFP-C1 or pRL-CMV (pDNA 0.5 µg) were studied for optimization of the best composite for transfection into glioblastoma U87MG or U138MG cells. The efficiency in terms of citrate-NP and plasmid DNA gene delivery with the ternary composites could be altered by tuning the bPEI/citrate-NP ratios in the polymer composites, which were characterized by Prussian blue staining, in vitro magnetic resonance imaging as well as green fluorescence protein and luciferase expression. Among the composites prepared, 0.2 ng bPEI/0.5 μg pDNA/1.0 µg citrate-NP ternary composite possessed the best cellular uptake efficiency. Composite comprising 0.1 ng bPEI/0.5 μg pDNA/0.1 μg citrate-NP gave the optimal efficiency for the cellular uptake of the two plasmid DNAs to the nucleus. The best working bPEI concentration range should not exceed 0.2 ng/well to achieve a relatively low cytotoxicity.
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Mylkie K, Nowak P, Rybczynski P, Ziegler-Borowska M. Polymer-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Protein Immobilization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E248. [PMID: 33419055 PMCID: PMC7825442 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become materials with great potential, especially considering the applications of biomedical sciences. A series of works on the preparation, characterization, and application of MNPs has shown that the biological activity of such materials depends on their size, shape, core, and shell nature. Some of the most commonly used MNPs are those based on a magnetite core. On the other hand, synthetic biopolymers are used as a protective surface coating for these nanoparticles. This review describes the advances in the field of polymer-coated MNPs for protein immobilization over the past decade. General methods of MNP preparation and protein immobilization are presented. The most extensive section of this article discusses the latest work on the use of polymer-coated MNPs for the physical and chemical immobilization of three types of proteins: enzymes, antibodies, and serum proteins. Where possible, the effectiveness of the immobilization and the activity and use of the immobilized protein are reported. Finally, the information available in the peer-reviewed literature and the application perspectives for the MNP-immobilized protein systems are summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.M.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
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Calderan L, Malatesta M. Imaging techniques in nanomedical research. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32613820 PMCID: PMC7341075 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
About twenty years ago, nanotechnology began to be applied to biomedical issues giving rise to the research field called nanomedicine. Thus, the study of the interactions between nanomaterials and the biological environment became of primary importance in order to design safe and effective nanoconstructs suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Consequently, imaging techniques have increasingly been used in the production, characterisation and preclinical/clinical application of nanomedical tools. This work aims at making an overview of the microscopy and imaging techniques in vivo and in vitro in their application to nanomedical investigation, and to stress their contribution to this developing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calderan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with Silica Layers as Potential Agents for Lung Cancer Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061076. [PMID: 32486431 PMCID: PMC7353209 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising drug delivery carriers and hyperthermia agents for the treatment of cancer. However, to ensure their safety in vivo, SPIONs must be modified in order to prevent unwanted iron release. Thus, SPIONs were coated with silica layers of different morphologies: non-porous (@SiO2), mesoporous (@mSiO2) or with a combination of non-porous and mesoporous layers (@SiO2@mSiO2) deposited via a sol-gel method. The presence of SiO2 drastically changed the surface properties of the nanoparticles. The zeta potential changed from 19.6 ± 0.8 mV for SPIONs to -26.1 ± 0.1 mV for SPION@mSiO2. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area increased from 7.54 ± 0.02 m2/g for SPIONs to 101.3 ± 2.8 m2/g for SPION@mSiO2. All types of coatings significantly decreased iron release (at least 10 fold as compared to unmodified SPIONs). SPIONs and SPION@mSiO2 were tested in vitro in contact with human lung epithelial cells (A549 and BEAS-2B). Both nanoparticle types were cytocompatible, although some delay in proliferation was observed for BEAS-2B cells as compared to A549 cells, which was correlated with increased cell velocity and nanoparticles uptake.
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Iacovita C, Fizeșan I, Pop A, Scorus L, Dudric R, Stiufiuc G, Vedeanu N, Tetean R, Loghin F, Stiufiuc R, Lucaciu CM. In Vitro Intracellular Hyperthermia of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles, Synthesized at High Temperature by a Polyol Process. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E424. [PMID: 32384665 PMCID: PMC7285148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (IOMNPs) using the polyol method performed at elevated temperature (300 °C) and high pressure. The ferromagnetic polyhedral IOMNPs exhibited high saturation magnetizations at room temperature (83 emu/g) and a maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2400 W/gFe in water. The uniform dispersion of IOMNPs in solid matrix led to a monotonous increase of SAR maximum (3600 W/gFe) as the concentration decreased. Cytotoxicity studies on two cell lines (cancer and normal) using Alamar Blues and Neutral Red assays revealed insignificant toxicity of the IOMNPs on the cells up to a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The cells internalized the IOMNPs inside lysosomes in a dose-dependent manner, with higher amounts of IOMNPs in cancer cells. Intracellular hyperthermia experiments revealed a significant increase in the macroscopic temperatures of the IOMNPs loaded cell suspensions, which depend on the amount of internalized IOMNPs and the alternating magnetic field amplitude. The cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to the intracellular hyperthermia compared to the normal ones. For both cell lines, cells heated at the same macroscopic temperature presented lower viability at higher amplitudes of the alternating magnetic field, indicating the occurrence of mechanical or nanoscale heating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Lavinia Scorus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gabriela Stiufiuc
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicoleta Vedeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
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Salinomycin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030477. [PMID: 32155938 PMCID: PMC7153627 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin is an antibiotic introduced recently as a new and effective anticancer drug. In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were utilized as a drug carrier for salinomycin for potential use in glioblastoma (GBM) chemotherapy. The biocompatible polyethylenimine (PEI)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-IONPs (PEI-PEG-IONPs) exhibited an efficient uptake in both mouse brain-derived microvessel endothelial (bEnd.3) and human U251 GBM cell lines. The salinomycin (Sali)-loaded PEI-PEG-IONPs (Sali-PEI-PEG-IONPs) released salinomycin over 4 days, with an initial release of 44% ± 3% that increased to 66% ± 5% in acidic pH. The Sali-IONPs inhibited U251 cell proliferation and decreased their viability (by approximately 70% within 48 h), and the nanoparticles were found to be effective in reactive oxygen species-mediated GBM cell death. Gene studies revealed significant activation of caspases in U251 cells upon treatment with Sali-IONPs. Furthermore, the upregulation of tumor suppressors (i.e., p53, Rbl2, Gas5) was observed, while TopII, Ku70, CyclinD1, and Wnt1 were concomitantly downregulated. When examined in an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB)-GBM co-culture model, Sali-IONPs had limited penetration (1.0% ± 0.08%) through the bEnd.3 monolayer and resulted in 60% viability of U251 cells. However, hyperosmotic disruption coupled with an applied external magnetic field significantly enhanced the permeability of Sali-IONPs across bEnd.3 monolayers (3.2% ± 0.1%) and reduced the viability of U251 cells to 38%. These findings suggest that Sali-IONPs combined with penetration enhancers, such as hyperosmotic mannitol and external magnetic fields, can potentially provide effective and site-specific magnetic targeting for GBM chemotherapy.
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Therapeutic Efficiency of Multiple Applications of Magnetic Hyperthermia Technique in Glioblastoma Using Aminosilane Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030958. [PMID: 32023985 PMCID: PMC7038138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) has been shown as a promising alternative therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. This study consists of three parts: The first part evaluates the heating potential of aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONa). The second and third parts comprise the evaluation of MHT multiple applications in GBM model, either in vitro or in vivo. The obtained heating curves of SPIONa (100 nm, +20 mV) and their specific absorption rates (SAR) stablished the best therapeutic conditions for frequencies (309 kHz and 557 kHz) and magnetic field (300 Gauss), which were stablished based on three in vitro MHT application in C6 GBM cell line. The bioluminescence (BLI) signal decayed in all applications and parameters tested and 309 kHz with 300 Gauss have shown to provide the best therapeutic effect. These parameters were also established for three MHT applications in vivo, in which the decay of BLI signal correlates with reduced tumor and also with decreased tumor glucose uptake assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) images. The behavior assessment showed a slight improvement after each MHT therapy, but after three applications the motor function displayed a relevant and progressive improvement until the latest evaluation. Thus, MHT multiple applications allowed an almost total regression of the GBM tumor in vivo. However, futher evaluations after the therapy acute phase are necessary to follow the evolution or tumor total regression. BLI, positron emission tomography (PET), and spontaneous locomotion evaluation techniques were effective in longitudinally monitoring the therapeutic effects of the MHT technique.
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Wnorowska U, Fiedoruk K, Piktel E, Prasad SV, Sulik M, Janion M, Daniluk T, Savage PB, Bucki R. Nanoantibiotics containing membrane-active human cathelicidin LL-37 or synthetic ceragenins attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles as novel and innovative therapeutic tools: current status and potential future applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:3. [PMID: 31898542 PMCID: PMC6939332 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches have attracted attention of scientists, in particular due to the special features of nanomaterials, such as adequate biocompatibility, ability to improve therapeutic efficiency of incorporated drugs and to limit their adverse effects. Among a variety of reported nanomaterials for biomedical applications, metal and metal oxide-based nanoparticles offer unique physicochemical properties allowing their use in combination with conventional antimicrobials and as magnetic field-controlled drug delivery nanocarriers. An ever-growing number of studies demonstrate that by combining magnetic nanoparticles with membrane-active, natural human cathelicidin-derived LL-37 peptide, and its synthetic mimics such as ceragenins, innovative nanoagents might be developed. Between others, they demonstrate high clinical potential as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and regenerative agents. Due to continuous research, knowledge on pleiotropic character of natural antibacterial peptides and their mimics is growing, and it is justifying to stay that the therapeutic potential of nanosystems containing membrane active compounds has not been exhausted yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Suhanya V Prasad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sulik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marianna Janion
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Al. IX Wiekow Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
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Mussin JE, Roldán MV, Rojas F, Sosa MDLÁ, Pellegri N, Giusiano G. Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles in combination with ketoconazole against Malassezia furfur. AMB Express 2019; 9:131. [PMID: 31432275 PMCID: PMC6702292 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia furfur is lipophilic and lipid-dependent yeast, inhabitant of human skin microbiota associated with several dermal disorders. In recent years, along with the advances in nanotechnology and the incentive to find new antimicrobial drugs, there has been a growing interest in the utilization of nanoparticles for the treatment of skin microbial infections. This work aimed to study the in vitro inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against 41 M. furfur clinical isolates, visualize the interaction between AgNP-Malassezia, evaluate the synergism with ketoconazole (KTZ) and to produce an antimicrobial gel of AgNP–KTZ. The synthesized AgNP were randomly distributed around the yeast surface and showed a fungicidal action with low minimal inhibitory concentration values. AgNP showed no antagonistic effect with KTZ. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial property with fungicidal action of AgNP and its accumulation in affected areas with a sustained release profile, added to the great antifungal activity of KTZ against Malassezia infections and other superficial mycoses, allowed us to obtain a gel based on carbopol formulated with AgNP–KTZ with the potential to improve the topical therapy of superficial malasseziosis, reduce the number of applications and, also, prevent the recurrence.
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The Effect of Uncoated SPIONs on hiPSC-Differentiated Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143536. [PMID: 31331030 PMCID: PMC6678752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were indicated in vascular repair, angiogenesis of ischemic organs, and inhibition of formation of initial hyperplasia. Differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) provides an unlimited supply for clinical application. Furthermore, magnetic cell labelling offers an effective way of targeting and visualization of hiPSC-ECs and is the next step towards in vivo studies. Methods: ECs were differentiated from hiPSCs and labelled with uncoated superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (uSPIONs). uSPION uptake was compared between hiPSC-ECs and mature ECs isolated from patients by software analysis of microscopy pictures after Prussian blue cell staining. The acute and long-term cytotoxic effects of uSPIONs were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) and Annexin assay. Results: We showed, for the first time, uptake of uncoated SPIONs (uSPIONs) by hiPSC-ECs. In comparison with mature ECs of identical genetic background hiPSC-ECs showed lower uSPION uptake. However, all the studied endothelial cells were effectively labelled and showed magnetic properties even with low labelling concentration of uSPIONs. uSPIONs prepared by microwave plasma synthesis did not show any cytotoxicity nor impair endothelial properties. Conclusion: We show that hiPSC-ECs labelling with low concentration of uSPIONs is feasible and does not show any toxic effects in vitro, which is an important step towards animal studies.
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20
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Kruger TM, Givens BE, Lansakara TI, Bell KJ, Mohapatra H, Salem AK, Tivanski AV, Stevens LL. Mechanosensitive Endocytosis of High-Stiffness, Submicron Microgels in Macrophage and Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1254-1265. [PMID: 34996229 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of submicron particles offer a unique design space for advanced drug-delivery particle engineering. However, the recognition of this potential is limited by a poor consensus about both the specificity and sensitivity of mechanosensitive endocytosis over a broad particle stiffness range. In this report, our model series of polystyrene-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pS-co-NIPAM) microgels have been prepared with a nominally constant monomer composition (50 mol % styrene and 50 mol % NIPAM) with varied bis-acrylamide cross-linking densities to introduce a tuned spectrum of particle mechanics without significant variation in particle size and surface charge. While previous mechanosensitive studies use particles with moduli ranging from 15 kPa to 20 MPa, the pS-co-NIPAM particles have Young's moduli (E) ranging from 300 to 700 MPa, which is drastically stiffer than these previous studies as well as pure pNIPAM. Despite this elevated stiffness, particle uptake in RAW264.7 murine macrophages displays a clear stiffness dependence, with a significant increase in particle uptake for our softest microgels after a 4 h incubation. Preferential uptake of the softest microgel, pS-co-NIPAM-1 (E = 310 kPa), was similarly observed with nonphagocytic HepG2 hepatoma cells; however, the uptake kinetics were distinct relative to that observed for RAW264.7 cells. Pharmacological inhibitors, used to probe for specific routes of particle internalization, identify actin- and microtubule-dependent pathways in RAW264.7 cells as sensitive particle mechanics. For our pS-co-NIPAM particles at nominally 300-400 nm in size, this microtubule-dependent pathway was interpreted as a phagocytic route. For our high-stiffness microgel series, this study provides evidence of cell-specific, mechanosensitive endocytosis in a distinctly new stiffness regime that will further broaden the functional landscape of mechanics as a design space for particle engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra M. Kruger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brittany E. Givens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | - Kendra J. Bell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Himansu Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Lewis L. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Ganipineni LP, Ucakar B, Joudiou N, Bianco J, Danhier P, Zhao M, Bastiancich C, Gallez B, Danhier F, Préat V. Magnetic targeting of paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4509-4521. [PMID: 30127603 PMCID: PMC6092128 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy is highly challenging, as the tumors are very aggressive due to infiltration into the surrounding normal brain tissue. Even a combination of the available therapeutic regimens may not debulk the tumor completely. GBM tumors are also known for recurrence, resulting in survival rates averaging <18 months. In addition, systemic chemotherapy for GBM has been challenged for its minimal desired therapeutic effects and unwanted side effects. Purpose We hypothesized that paclitaxel (PTX) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-loaded PEGylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs; PTX/SPIO-NPs) can serve as an effective nanocarrier system for magnetic targeting purposes, and we aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of this system in an orthotopic murine GBM model. Materials and methods PTX/SPIO-NPs were prepared by emulsion–diffusion–evaporation method and characterized for physicochemical properties. In vitro cellular uptake of PTX/SPIO-NPs was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and Prussian blue staining. Orthotopic U87MG tumor model was used to evaluate blood–brain barrier disruption using T1 contrast agent, ex vivo biodistribution, in vivo toxicity and in vivo antitumor efficacy of PTX/SPIO-NPs. Results PTX/SPIO-NPs were in the size of 250 nm with negative zeta potential. Qualitative cellular uptake studies showed that the internalization of NPs was concentration dependent. Through magnetic resonance imaging, we observed that the blood–brain barrier was disrupted in the GBM area. An ex vivo biodistribution study showed enhanced accumulation of NPs in the brain of GBM-bearing mice with magnetic targeting. Short-term in vivo safety evaluation showed that the NPs did not induce any systemic toxicity compared with Taxol® (PTX). When tested for in vivo efficacy, the magnetic targeting treatment significantly prolonged the median survival time compared with the passive targeting and control treatments. Conclusion Overall, PTX/SPIO-NPs with magnetic targeting could be considered as an effective anticancer targeting strategy for GBM chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pallavi Ganipineni
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, NEST Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Bianco
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, NEST Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, NEST Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Danhier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium,
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22
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Seenuvasan M, Vinodhini G, Malar CG, Balaji N, Kumar KS. Magnetic nanoparticles: a versatile carrier for enzymes in bio-processing sectors. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:535-548. [PMID: 30095410 PMCID: PMC8676490 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many industrial processes experience the advantages of enzymes which evolved the demand for enzymatic technologies. The enzyme immobilisation technology using different carriers has trustworthy applications in industrial biotechnology as these techniques encompass varied advantages such as enhanced stability, activity along with reusability. Immobilisation onto nanomaterial is highly favourable as it includes almost all aspects of science. Among the various techniques of immobilisation, the uses of nanoparticles are remarkably well perceived as these possess high-specific surface area leading to high enzyme loadings. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are burgeoning in the field of immobilisation as it possess some of the unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, uniform particle size, biocompatibility and particularly the recovery of enzymes with the application of an external magnetic field. Immobilisation of industrially important enzymes onto nanoparticles offers overall combined benefits. In this review, the authors here focus on the current scenario in synthesis and functionalisation of MNPs which makes it more compatible for the enzyme immobilisation and its application in the biotechnological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlin Geor Malar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Nagarajan Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Madha Engineering College, Chennai, India
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23
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Koley S, Panda MR, Bharadwaj K, Ghosh S. Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Studies of Molecular Recognitions in a Dendrimer-Surfactant Complex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:817-825. [PMID: 28505448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognitions, causing supramolecular complex formation between a hyperbranched polymer molecule (polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 3) with oppositely charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution, were studied by using various spectroscopic techniques and calorimetric titration of heat change measurements. Spectroscopic measurements were performed using dynamic Stokes shift (DSS), rotational anisotropy decay, and translational diffusion of a fluorescent probe molecule coumarin 153 (C153) noncovalently attached to the dendrimer-surfactant complex. All these studies unanimously confirm that the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of SDS falls to ∼0.8 mM (from its critical micelle concentration (CMC) ∼ 8 mM) in the presence of ∼0.2 mM dendrimer. Further studies of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurement show that the CAC of SDS in the presence of dendrimer remains invariant to the dendrimer concentration. Complexation reaction between SDS and dendrimer is highly exothermic in nature. A maximum heat release (ΔH∼ -6.6 kJ/mol of SDS binding) was observed at a SDS-to-dendrimer mole ratio of ∼3-5; where up to 3 to 5 SDS molecules were encapsulated by one dendrimer molecule to form dendrimer-SDS encapsulation complex. When negatively charged SDS was replaced with a positively charged surfactant dodecyl-trimethylammonium-bromide (DTAB), we found that the DTAB hardly interacted with positively charged dendrimer due to the charge-charge repulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Koley
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Kiran Bharadwaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
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Ahmed MSU, Salam AB, Yates C, Willian K, Jaynes J, Turner T, Abdalla MO. Double-receptor-targeting multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles drug delivery system for the treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6973-6984. [PMID: 29033565 PMCID: PMC5614798 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative therapeutic treatment to reduce or eliminate the current side effects associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) chemotherapy, a multifunctional double-receptor-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor [LHRH-R] peptide- and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor [uPAR] peptide-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles, LHRH-AE105-IONPs) drug delivery system was developed. Two tumor-targeting peptides guided this double-receptor-targeting nanoscale drug delivery system. These peptides targeted the LHRH-R and the uPAR on PCa cells. Dynamic light scattering showed an increase in the hydrodynamic size of the LHRH-AE105-IONPs in comparison to the non-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles (NT-IONPs). Surface analysis showed that there was a decrease in the zeta potential values for drug-loaded LHRH-AE105-IONPs compared to the NT-IONPs. Prussian blue staining demonstrated that the LHRH-AE105-IONPs were internalized efficiently by the human PCa cell line, PC-3. In vitro, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results confirmed the preferential binding and accumulation of LHRH-AE105-IONPs in PC-3 cells compared to normal prostate epithelial cells (RC77N/E). The results also showed that LHRH-AE105-IONPs significantly maintained T2 MRI contrast effects and reduced T2 values upon internalization by PC-3 cells. These paclitaxel-loaded double-receptor-targeting IONPs also showed an approximately twofold reduction in PC-3 cell viability compared to NT-IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee
| | - Kyle Willian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - Jesse Jaynes
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
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25
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Bonvin D, Aschauer UJ, Bastiaansen JAM, Stuber M, Hofmann H, Mionić Ebersold M. Versatility of Pyridoxal Phosphate as a Coating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E202. [PMID: 28758913 PMCID: PMC5575684 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the most important cofactor of vitamin B₆-dependent enzymes, which catalyses a wide range of essential body functions (e.g., metabolism) that could be exploited to specifically target highly metabolic cells, such as tumour metastatic cells. However, the use of PLP as a simultaneous coating and targeting molecule, which at once provides colloidal stability and specific biological effects has not been exploited so far. Therefore, in this work iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were coated by PLP at two different pH values to tune PLP bonding (e.g., orientation) at the IONP surface. The surface study, as well as calculations, confirmed different PLP bonding to the IONP surface at these two pH values. Moreover, the obtained PLP-IONPs showed different zeta potential, hydrodynamic radius and agglomeration state, and consequently different uptake by two metastatic-prostate-cancer cell lines (LnCaP and PC3). In LnCaP cells, PLP modified the morphology of IONP-containing intracellular vesicles, while in PC3 cells PLP impacted the amount of IONPs taken up by cells. Moreover, PLP-IONPs displayed high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) r₂ relaxivity and were not toxic for the two studied cell lines, rendering PLP promising for biomedical applications. We here report the use of PLP simultaneously as a coating and targeting molecule, directly bound to the IONP surface, with the additional high potential for MRI detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bonvin
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich J Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Marijana Mionić Ebersold
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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26
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Srikanth K, Trindade T, Duarte AC, Pereira E. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in CHSE-214 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2055-2064. [PMID: 27807789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with dithiocarbamate (Fe3O4 NPs) in Chinook salmon cells (CHSE-214) derived from Oncorhynchus tshawytscha embryos. A significant reduction in cell viability was evident in response to Fe3O4 NPs as revealed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after 24 h of exposure. Out of the tested concentrations (10, 20, and 30 μg/ml), the highest concentration has shown significant decrease in the viability of cells after 24 h of exposure. Alterations in the morphology of CHSE-214 cells was also evident at 10 μg/ml concentration of Fe3O4 NPs after 24 h. Fe3O4 NPs elicited a significant dose-dependent reduction in total glutathione content (TGSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonyl (PC) at highest concentration (30 μg/ml) after 24 h of exposure. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Fe3O4 NPs have potential to induce cytotoxicity in CHSE-214 cells, which is likely to be mediated through reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srikanth
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tito Trindade
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO and CESAM, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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27
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Accumulation and Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cells and Experimental Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081193. [PMID: 27548152 PMCID: PMC5000591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal influenced by SPIONs injected into experimental animals, were visualized and investigated. Cellular uptake and distribution of the SPIONs in NIH3T3 after staining with Prussian Blue were investigated by a bright-field microscope equipped with digital color camera. SPIONs were localized in vesicles, mostly placed near the nucleus. Toxicity of SPION nanoparticles tested with cell viability assay (XTT) was estimated. The viability of NIH3T3 cells remains approximately 95% within 3–24 h of incubation, and only a slight decrease of viability was observed after 48 h of incubation. MRI studies on Wistar rats using a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner were showing that SPIONs give a negative contrast in the MRI. The dynamic MRI measurements of the SPION clearance from the injection site shows that SPIONs slowly disappear from injection sites and only a low concentration of nanoparticles was completely eliminated within three weeks. No functionalized SPIONs accumulate in cells by endocytic mechanism, none accumulate in the nucleus, and none are toxic at a desirable concentration. Therefore, they could be used as a dual imaging agent: as contrast agents for MRI and for traditional optical biopsy by using Prussian Blue staining.
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28
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Hanot CC, Choi YS, Anani TB, Soundarrajan D, David AE. Effects of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Chemistry on Uptake Kinetics and Cytotoxicity in CHO-K1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010054. [PMID: 26729108 PMCID: PMC4730299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) show great promise for multiple applications in biomedicine. While a number of studies have examined their safety profile, the toxicity of these particles on reproductive organs remains uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of starch-coated, aminated, and PEGylated SPIONs on a cell line derived from Chinese Hamster ovaries (CHO-K1 cells). We evaluated the effect of particle diameter (50 and 100 nm) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length (2k, 5k and 20k Da) on the cytotoxicity of SPIONs by investigating cell viability using the tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. The kinetics and extent of SPION uptake by CHO-K1 cells was also studied, as well as the resulting generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell toxicity profiles of SPIONs correlated strongly with their cellular uptake kinetics, which was strongly dependent on surface properties of the particles. PEGylation caused a decrease in both uptake and cytotoxicity compared to aminated SPIONs. Interestingly, 2k Da PEG-modifed SPIONs displayed the lowest cellular uptake and cytotoxicity among all studied particles. These results emphasize the importance of surface coatings when engineering nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Hanot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Young Suk Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Tareq B Anani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | | | - Allan E David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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29
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Ravikumar P, Menon JU, Punnakitikashem P, Gyawali D, Togao O, Takahashi M, Zhang J, Ye J, Moe OW, Nguyen KT, Hsia CCW. Nanoparticle facilitated inhalational delivery of erythropoietin receptor cDNA protects against hyperoxic lung injury. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:811-821. [PMID: 26518603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our goals were to develop and establish nanoparticle (NP)-facilitated inhalational gene delivery, and to validate its biomedical application by testing the hypothesis that targeted upregulation of pulmonary erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) expression protects against lung injury. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs encapsulating various tracers were characterized and nebulizated into rat lungs. Widespread NP uptake and distribution within alveolar cells were visualized by magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescent and electron microscopy. Inhalation of nebulized NPs bearing EpoR cDNA upregulated pulmonary EpoR expression and downstream signal transduction (ERK1/2 and STAT5 phosphorylation) in rats for up to 21 days, and attenuated hyperoxia-induced damage in lung tissue based on apoptosis, oxidative damage of DNA, protein and lipid, tissue edema, and alveolar morphology compared to vector-treated control animals. These results establish the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of NP-facilitated cDNA delivery to the lung, and demonstrate that targeted pulmonary EpoR upregulation mitigates acute oxidative lung damage. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Acute lung injury often results in significant morbidity and mortality, and current therapeutic modalities have proven to be ineffective. In this article, the authors developed nanocarrier based gene therapy in an attempt to upregulate the expression of pulmonary erythropoietin receptor in an animal model. Inhalation delivery resulted in reduction of lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Dipendra Gyawali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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30
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Korchinski DJ, Taha M, Yang R, Nathoo N, Dunn JF. Iron Oxide as an MRI Contrast Agent for Cell Tracking. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2015; 8:15-29. [PMID: 26483609 PMCID: PMC4597836 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide contrast agents have been combined with magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. In this review, we discuss coating properties and provide an overview of ex vivo and in vivo labeling of different cell types, including stem cells, red blood cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we provide examples of applications of cell tracking with iron contrast agents in stroke, multiple sclerosis, cancer, arteriovenous malformations, and aortic and cerebral aneurysms. Attempts at quantifying iron oxide concentrations and other vascular properties are examined. We advise on designing studies using iron contrast agents including methods for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Korchinski
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Taha
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nabeela Nathoo
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,CORRESPONDENCE:
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31
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Santhosh PB, Drašler B, Drobne D, Kreft ME, Kralj S, Makovec D, Ulrih NP. Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on fluidity and phase transition of phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6089-103. [PMID: 26491286 PMCID: PMC4598216 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s89679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with multifunctional properties have shown great promise in theranostics. The aim of our work was to compare the effects of SPIONs on the fluidity and phase transition of the liposomal membranes prepared with zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids. In order to study if the surface modification of SPIONs has any influence on these membrane properties, we have used four types of differently functionalized SPIONs, such as: plain SPIONs (primary size was shown to bê11 nm), silica-coated SPIONs, SPIONs coated with silica and functionalized with positively charged amino groups or negatively charged carboxyl groups (the primary size of all the surface-modified SPIONs was ~20 nm). Small unilamellar vesicles prepared with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipids and multilamellar vesicles prepared with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipids were encapsulated or incubated with the plain and surface-modified SPIONs to determine the fluidity and phase transition temperature of the bilayer lipids, respectively. Fluorescent anisotropy and differential scanning calorimetric measurements of the liposomes that were either encapsulated or incubated with the suspension of SPIONs did not show a significant difference in the lipid ordering and fluidity; though the encapsulated SPIONs showed a slightly increased effect on the fluidity of the model membranes in comparison with the incubated SPIONs. This indicates the low potential of the SPIONs to interact with the nontargeted cell membranes, which is a desirable factor for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Budime Santhosh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Drašler
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are the mainstay of chemotherapy regimens in clinic. Nevertheless, the efficacy of platinum drugs is badly affected by serious systemic toxicities and drug resistance, and the pharmacokinetics of most platinum drugs is largely unknown. In recent years, a keen interest in functionalizing platinum complexes with bioactive molecules, targeting groups, photosensitizers, fluorophores, or nanomaterials has been sparked among chemical and biomedical researchers. The motivation for functionalization comes from some of the following demands: to improve the tumor selectivity or minimize the systemic toxicity of the drugs, to enhance the cellular accumulation of the drugs, to overcome the tumor resistance to the drugs, to visualize the drug molecules in vitro or in vivo, to achieve a synergistic anticancer effect between different therapeutic modalities, or to add extra functionality to the drugs. In this Account, we present different strategies being used for functionalizing platinum complexes, including conjugation with bisphosphonates, peptides, receptor-specific ligands, polymers, nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, metal chelators, or photosensitizers. Among them, bisphosphonates, peptides, and receptor-specific ligands are used for actively targeted drug delivery, polymers and nanoparticles are for passively targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents are for theranostic purposes, metal chelators are for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and photosensitizers are for photodynamic therapy of cancers. The rationales behind these designs are explained and justified at the molecular or cellular level, associating with the requirements for diagnosis, therapy, and visualization of biological processes. To illustrate the wide range of opportunities and challenges that are emerging in this realm, representative examples of targeted drug delivery systems, anticancer conjugates, anticancer theranostic agents, and anti-AD compounds relevant to functionalized platinum complexes are provided. All the examples exhibit new potential of platinum complexes for future applications in biomedical areas. The emphases of this Account are placed on the functionalization for targeted drug delivery and theranostic agents. In the end, a general assessment of various strategies has been made according to their major shortcomings and defects. The original information in this Account comes entirely from literature appearing since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences,
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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33
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Girardi G, Fraser J, Lennen R, Vontell R, Jansen M, Hutchison G. Imaging of activated complement using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO)--conjugated vectors: an in vivo in utero non-invasive method to predict placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal brain development. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1017-26. [PMID: 25245499 PMCID: PMC4288949 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we have developed a magnetic resonance imaging-based method for non-invasive detection of complement activation in placenta and foetal brain in vivo in utero. Using this method, we found that anti-complement C3-targeted ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles bind within the inflamed placenta and foetal brain cortical tissue, causing a shortening of the T2* relaxation time. We used two mouse models of pregnancy complications: a mouse model of obstetrics antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and a mouse model of preterm birth (PTB). We found that detection of C3 deposition in the placenta in the APS model was associated with placental insufficiency characterised by increased oxidative stress, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor levels and intrauterine growth restriction. We also found that foetal brain C3 deposition was associated with cortical axonal cytoarchitecture disruption and increased neurodegeneration in the mouse model of APS and in the PTB model. In the APS model, foetuses that showed increased C3 in their brains additionally expressed anxiety-related behaviour after birth. Importantly, USPIO did not affect pregnancy outcomes and liver function in the mother and the offspring, suggesting that this method may be useful for detecting complement activation in vivo in utero and predicting placental insufficiency and abnormal foetal neurodevelopment that leads to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Girardi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, King's College London St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK,Women's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Fraser
- Centre for Nano Safety, Napier University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Lennen
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Vontell
- Centrer for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Jansen
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Hutchison
- Centre for Nano Safety, Napier University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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34
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Niemirowicz K, Prokop I, Wilczewska AZ, Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Wątek M, Savage PB, Bucki R. Magnetic nanoparticles enhance the anticancer activity of cathelicidin LL-37 peptide against colon cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3843-53. [PMID: 26082634 PMCID: PMC4461127 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic activity of human cathelicidin LL-37 peptide includes an ability to suppress development of colon cancer cells. We hypothesized that the anticancer activity of LL-37 would improve when attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Using colon cancer culture (DLD-1 cells and HT-29 cells), we evaluated the effects of MNPs, LL-37 peptide, its synthetic analog ceragenin CSA-13, and two novel nanosystems, ie, MNP@LL-37 and MNP@CSA-13, on cancer cell viability and apoptosis. Treatment of cancer cells with the LL-37 peptide linked to MNPs (MNP@LL-37) caused a greater decrease in cell viability and a higher rate of apoptosis compared with treatment using free LL-37 peptide. Additionally, we observed a strong ability of ceragenin CSA-13 and MNP@CSA-13 to induce apoptosis of DLD-1 cells. We found that both nanosystems were successfully internalized by HT-29 cells, and cathelicidin LL-37 and ceragenin CSA-13 might play a key role as novel homing molecules. These results indicate that the previously described anticancer activity of LL-37 peptide against colon cancer cells might be significantly improved using a theranostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niemirowicz
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Prokop
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland ; Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Microbiology of Infections, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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35
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Herweg JA, Hansmeier N, Otto A, Geffken AC, Subbarayal P, Prusty BK, Becher D, Hensel M, Schaible UE, Rudel T, Hilbi H. Purification and proteomics of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:48. [PMID: 26082896 PMCID: PMC4451638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain pathogenic bacteria adopt an intracellular lifestyle and proliferate in eukaryotic host cells. The intracellular niche protects the bacteria from cellular and humoral components of the mammalian immune system, and at the same time, allows the bacteria to gain access to otherwise restricted nutrient sources. Yet, intracellular protection and access to nutrients comes with a price, i.e., the bacteria need to overcome cell-autonomous defense mechanisms, such as the bactericidal endocytic pathway. While a few bacteria rupture the early phagosome and escape into the host cytoplasm, most intracellular pathogens form a distinct, degradation-resistant and replication-permissive membranous compartment. Intracellular bacteria that form unique pathogen vacuoles include Legionella, Mycobacterium, Chlamydia, Simkania, and Salmonella species. In order to understand the formation of these pathogen niches on a global scale and in a comprehensive and quantitative manner, an inventory of compartment-associated host factors is required. To this end, the intact pathogen compartments need to be isolated, purified and biochemically characterized. Here, we review recent progress on the isolation and purification of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes, as well as their proteomic characterization by mass spectrometry and different validation approaches. These studies provide the basis for further investigations on the specific mechanisms of pathogen-driven compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana Herweg
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna C Geffken
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Prema Subbarayal
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Department of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany ; Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Leung KCF, Sham KWY, Chak CP, Lai JMY, Lee SF, Wáng YXJ, Cheng CHK. Evaluation of biocompatible alginate- and deferoxamine-coated ternary composites for magnetic resonance imaging and gene delivery into glioblastoma cells. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:382-91. [PMID: 26029641 PMCID: PMC4426123 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes comparative studies in cytotoxicities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gene delivery into glioblastoma U87MG or U138MG cells with ternary composites that are consist of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) (size: 8-10 nm) with different surface coatings, circular plasmid DNA (pDNA) (~4 kb) equipped with fluorescent/luminescent probe, and branched polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PDI 2.5). METHODS Three types of SPIO-NPs were used, including: (I) naked iron oxide NPs with Fe-OH surface group (Bare-NP); (II) iron oxide NPs with a coating of alginate (Alg-NPs); and (III) iron oxide NPs with a coating of deferoxamine (Def-NPs). By tuning the polyethylenimine (PEI)/NP ratios and with a fixed DNA amount, different ternary composites were employed for NP/gene transfection into glioblastoma U87MG or U138MG cells, which were then characterized by Prussian blue staining, in vitro MRI, green fluorescence protein (GFP) fluorescence and luciferase assay. RESULTS Among the composites prepared, 0.2 ng PEI/0.5 µg DNA/1.0 µg Bare-NP ternary composite possessed the best cellular uptake efficiency of NP to the cytoplasm, following the trend Bare-NP > Alg-NP > Def-NP. This observation was consistent to the MRI assessments with in vitro T 2 relaxivity (r 2) values of 46.0, 35.5, and 23.7 s(-1)·µM(-1)·Fe, respectively. For cellular uptake efficiency of the pDNA, all variations of PEI/NP ratios of the composites did not yield significant differences. However, cellular uptake efficiencies of pDNA in the ternary composites in U138MG cells were generally higher than that of U87MG cells by an order of magnitude. Exceptionally, the ternary composite 0.2 ng PEI/0.5 µg DNA/1.0 µg Bare-NP possessed a lowered luciferase activity RLU for gene expression in U138MG cells. A total of 0.2 ng PEI/0.5 µg DNA/0.1 µg Bare-NP would be uptaken to the cell nucleus with the highest luciferase activity. A working concentration range of PEI with at least 15% higher cell viabilities than lipofectamine was 0.1 to 0.2 ng/well. The cytotoxicities became significant when 0.5 ng/well PEI was present in the ternary composites. CONCLUSIONS The as-prepared composites offer potential biomedical applications in simultaneous gene delivery, imaging contrast enhancement, and metabolism study.
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Calero M, Chiappi M, Lazaro-Carrillo A, Rodríguez MJ, Chichón FJ, Crosbie-Staunton K, Prina-Mello A, Volkov Y, Villanueva A, Carrascosa JL. Characterization of interaction of magnetic nanoparticles with breast cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:16. [PMID: 25880445 PMCID: PMC4403785 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been tested for their potential use in cancer treatment, as they enter into cells with high effectiveness, do not induce cytotoxicity, and are retained for relatively long periods of time inside the cells. We have analyzed the interaction, internalization and biocompatibility of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 15 nm and negative surface charge in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results Cells were incubated with dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for different time intervals, ranging from 0.5 to 72 h. These nanoparticles showed efficient internalization and relatively slow clearance. Time-dependent uptake studies demonstrated the maximum accumulation of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles after 24 h of incubation, and afterwards they were slowly removed from cells. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were internalized by energy dependent endocytosis and localized in endosomes. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed macropinocytosis uptake and clathrin-mediated internalization depending on the nanoparticles aggregate size. MCF-7 cells accumulated these nanoparticles without any significant effect on cell morphology, cytoskeleton organization, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species generation and cell viability, showing a similar behavior to untreated control cells. Conclusions All these findings indicate that dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have excellent properties in terms of efficiency and biocompatibility for application to target breast cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0073-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Calero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michele Chiappi
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Lazaro-Carrillo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Chichón
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kieran Crosbie-Staunton
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, James's Street, Dublin, 8, Ireland.
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, James's Street, Dublin, 8, Ireland. .,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
| | - Yuri Volkov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, James's Street, Dublin, 8, Ireland. .,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José L Carrascosa
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim KM, Choi MH, Lee JK, Jeong J, Kim YR, Kim MK, Paek SM, Oh JM. Physicochemical properties of surface charge-modified ZnO nanoparticles with different particle sizes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:41-56. [PMID: 25565825 PMCID: PMC4279853 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, four types of standardized ZnO nanoparticles were prepared for assessment of their potential biological risk. Powder-phased ZnO nanoparticles with different particle sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) were coated with citrate or L-serine to induce a negative or positive surface charge, respectively. The four types of coated ZnO nanoparticles were subjected to physicochemical evaluation according to the guidelines published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. All four samples had a well crystallized Wurtzite phase, with particle sizes of ∼30 nm and ∼70 nm after coating with organic molecules. The coating agents were determined to have attached to the ZnO surfaces through either electrostatic interaction or partial coordination bonding. Electrokinetic measurements showed that the surface charges of the ZnO nanoparticles were successfully modified to be negative (about −40 mV) or positive (about +25 mV). Although all the four types of ZnO nanoparticles showed some agglomeration when suspended in water according to dynamic light scattering analysis, they had clearly distinguishable particle size and surface charge parameters and well defined physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Mun-Hyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Paek
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Seneviratne CJ, Leung KCF, Wong CH, Lee SF, Li X, Leung PC, Lau CBS, Wat E, Jin L. Nanoparticle-encapsulated chlorhexidine against oral bacterial biofilms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103234. [PMID: 25170958 PMCID: PMC4149348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a widely used antimicrobial agent in dentistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel mesoporous silica nanoparticle-encapsulated pure CHX (Nano-CHX), and its mechanical profile and antimicrobial properties against oral biofilms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The release of CHX from the Nano-CHX was characterized by UV/visible absorption spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of Nano-CHX were evaluated in both planktonic and biofilm modes of representative oral pathogenic bacteria. The Nano-CHX demonstrated potent antibacterial effects on planktonic bacteria and mono-species biofilms at the concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococccus faecalis. Moreover, Nano-CHX effectively suppressed multi-species biofilms such as S. mutans, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis up to 72 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This pioneering study demonstrates the potent antibacterial effects of the Nano-CHX on oral biofilms, and it may be developed as a novel and promising anti-biofilm agent for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Creativity, and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental & Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Hin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Creativity, and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental & Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Azzabi F, Rottmar M, Jovaisaite V, Rudin M, Sulser T, Boss A, Eberli D. Viability, differentiation capacity, and detectability of super-paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled muscle precursor cells for magnetic-resonance imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:182-91. [PMID: 24988198 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies are a promising approach for the treatment of a variety of human conditions including stress urinary incontinence, but their success greatly depends on the biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation of the transplanted cells. Noninvasive in vivo cell tracking therefore presents an important aspect for translation of such a procedure into the clinics. Upon labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, cells can be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but possible adverse effect of the labeling have to be considered when labeling stem cells with SPIOs. In this study, human muscle precursor cells (hMPC) were labeled with increasing concentrations of SPIO nanoparticles (100-1600 μg/mL) and cell viability and differentiation capacity upon labeling was assessed in vitro. While a linear dependence between cell viability and nanoparticle concentration could be observed, differentiation capacity was not affected by the presence of SPIOs. Using a nude mouse model, a concentration (400 μg/mL) could be defined that allows reliable detection of hMPCs by MRI but does not influence myogenic in vivo differentiation to mature and functional muscle tissue. This suggests that such an approach can be safely used in a clinical setting to track muscle regeneration in patients undergoing cell therapy without negative effects on the functionality of the bioengineered muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Azzabi
- 1 Division of Urology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang YXJ, Xuan S, Port M, Idee JM. Recent advances in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for cellular imaging and targeted therapy research. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:6575-93. [PMID: 23621536 PMCID: PMC4082310 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319370003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances of nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials with both potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have received particular attention. Over the past decade, various SPIOs with unique physicochemical and biological properties have been designed by modifying the particle structure, size and coating. This article reviews the recent advances in preparing SPIOs with novel properties, the way these physicochemical properties of SPIOs influence their interaction with cells, and the development of SPIOs in liver and lymph nodes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Cellular uptake of SPIO can be exploited in a variety of potential clinical applications, including stem cell and inflammation cell tracking and intra-cellular drug delivery to cancerous cells which offers higher intra-cellular concentration. When SPIOs are used as carrier vehicle, additional advantages can be achieved including magnetic targeting and hyperthermia options, as well as monitoring with MRI. Other potential applications of SPIO include magnetofection and gene delivery, targeted retention of labeled stem cells, sentinel lymph nodes mapping, and magnetic force targeting and cell orientation for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese university of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Al Faraj A, Sultana Shaik A, Pureza MA, Alnafea M, Halwani R. Preferential macrophage recruitment and polarization in LPS-induced animal model for COPD: noninvasive tracking using MRI. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90829. [PMID: 24598763 PMCID: PMC3945006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of macrophages activity has raised increasing interest for diagnosis of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (COPD), which make them attractive vehicles to deliver contrast agents for diagnostic or drugs for therapeutic purposes. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate the migration of differently polarized M1 and M2 iron labeled macrophage subsets to the lung of a LPS-induced COPD animal model and to assess their polarization state once they have reached the inflammatory sites in the lung after intravenous injection. Ex vivo polarized bone marrow derived M1 or M2 macrophages were first efficiently and safely labeled with amine-modified PEGylated dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles and without altering their polarization profile. Their biodistribution in abdominal organs and their homing to the site of inflammation in the lung was tracked for the first time using a free-breathing non-invasive MR imaging protocol on a 4.7T magnet after their intravenous administration. This imaging protocol was optimized to allow both detection of iron labeled macrophages and visualization of inflammation in the lung. M1 and M2 macrophages were successfully detected in the lung starting from 2 hours post injection with no variation in their migration profile. Quantification of cytokines release, analysis of surface membrane expression using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry investigations confirmed the successful recruitment of injected iron labeled macrophages in the lung of COPD mice and revealed that even with a continuum switch in the polarization profile of M1 and M2 macrophages during the time course of inflammation a balanced number of macrophage subsets predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Asma Sultana Shaik
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Angeline Pureza
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alnafea
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ding H, Sagar V, Agudelo M, Pilakka-Kanthikeel S, Atluri VSR, Raymond A, Thangavel S, Nair MP. Enhanced blood-brain barrier transmigration using a novel transferrin embedded fluorescent magneto-liposome nanoformulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:055101. [PMID: 24406534 PMCID: PMC4520325 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/5/055101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered as the primary impediment barrier for most drugs. Delivering therapeutic agents to the brain is still a big challenge to date. In our study, a dual mechanism, receptor mediation combined with external non-invasive magnetic force, was incorporated into ferrous magnet-based liposomes for BBB transmigration enhancement. The homogenous magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), with a size of ∼10 nm, were synthesized and confirmed by TEM and XRD respectively. The classical magnetism assay showed the presence of the characteristic superparamagnetic property. These MNPs encapsulated in PEGylated fluorescent liposomes as magneto-liposomes (MLs) showed mono-dispersion, ∼130 ± 10 nm diameter, by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) using the lipid-extrusion technique. Remarkably, a magnetite encapsulation efficiency of nearly 60% was achieved. Moreover, the luminescence and hydrodynamic size of the MLs was stable for over two months at 4 ° C. Additionally, the integrity of the ML structure remained unaffected through 120 rounds of circulation mimicking human blood fluid. After biocompatibility confirmation by cytotoxicity evaluation, these fluorescent MLs were further embedded with transferrin and applied to an in vitro BBB transmigration study in the presence or absence of external magnetic force. Comparing with magnetic force- or transferrin receptor-mediated transportation alone, their synergy resulted in 50-100% increased transmigration without affecting the BBB integrity. Consequently, confocal microscopy and iron concentration in BBB-composed cells further confirmed the higher cellular uptake of ML particles due to the synergic effect. Thus, our multifunctional liposomal magnetic nanocarriers possess great potential in particle transmigration across the BBB and may have a bright future in drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Marisela Agudelo
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Venkata Subba Rao Atluri
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Andrea Raymond
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Samikkannu Thangavel
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan P. Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Madhavan P. Nair. Tel: 305-348-1493, Fax: 305-348-1109.
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Malvindi MA, De Matteis V, Galeone A, Brunetti V, Anyfantis GC, Athanassiou A, Cingolani R, Pompa PP. Toxicity assessment of silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles and biocompatibility improvement by surface engineering. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85835. [PMID: 24465736 PMCID: PMC3897540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied in vitro toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with a thin silica shell (Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs) on A549 and HeLa cells. We compared bare and surface passivated Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs to evaluate the effects of the coating on the particle stability and toxicity. NPs cytotoxicity was investigated by cell viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, and their genotoxicity by comet assay. Our results show that NPs surface passivation reduces the oxidative stress and alteration of iron homeostasis and, consequently, the overall toxicity, despite bare and passivated NPs show similar cell internalization efficiency. We found that the higher toxicity of bare NPs is due to their stronger in-situ degradation, with larger intracellular release of iron ions, as compared to surface passivated NPs. Our results indicate that surface engineering of Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs plays a key role in improving particles stability in biological environments reducing both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ada Malvindi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Antonio Galeone
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Virgilio Brunetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Leung KCF, Wong CH, Zhu XM, Lee SF, Sham KWY, Lai JMY, Chak CP, Wang YXJ, Cheng CHK. Ternary hybrid nanocomposites for gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 3:302-7. [PMID: 24404444 PMCID: PMC3882806 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes comparative studies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gene deliveries toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells with ternary composites that consist of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) (8-10 nm) with deferoxamine coating, circular plasmid DNA (~4 kb) equipped with green fluorescent probe, and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) (25 kDa, PDI 2.5). The packaging of the ternary complexes has been characterized by agarose gel retardation assay. By tuning the PEI/NP ratios and with a fixed DNA amount, different ternary composites have been employed for NP/gene transfection towards HepG2 cells, which have been characterized by in vitro MRI and green fluorescence protein (GFP) fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Hin Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Siu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kathy W. Y. Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Josie M. Y. Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Pong Chak
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiang J. Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Christopher H. K. Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Liu CH, Ren J, Liu CM, Liu PK. Intracellular gene transcription factor protein-guided MRI by DNA aptamers in vivo. FASEB J 2013; 28:464-73. [PMID: 24115049 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which transcription factor (TF) protein AP-1 modulates amphetamine's effects on gene transcription in living brains are unclear. We describe here the first part of our studies to investigate these mechanisms, specifically, our efforts to develop and validate aptamers containing the binding sequence of TF AP-1 (5ECdsAP1), in order to elucidate its mechanism of action in living brains. This AP-1-targeting aptamer, as well as a random sequence aptamer with no target (5ECdsRan) as a control, was partially phosphorothioate modified and tagged with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), gold, or fluorescein isothiothianate contrast agent for imaging. Optical and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that 5ECdsAP1 is taken up by endocytosis and is localized in the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum. The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with SPION-5ECdsAP1 revealed that neuronal AP-1 TF protein levels were elevated in neurons of live male C57black6 mice after amphetamine exposure; however, pretreatment with SCH23390, a dopaminergic receptor antagonist, suppressed this elevation. As studies in transgenic mice with neuronal dominant-negative A-FOS mutant protein, which has no binding affinity for the AP-1 sequence, showed a completely null MRI signal in the striatum, we can conclude that the MR signal reflects specific binding between the 5ECdsAP1 aptamer and endogenous AP-1 protein. Together, these data lend support to the application of 5ECdsAP1 aptamer for intracellular protein-guided imaging and modulation of gene transcription, which will thus allow investigation of the mechanisms of signal transduction in living brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Liu
- 3Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY149 (2301) Thirteenth St., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Wang Z, Cuschieri A. Tumour cell labelling by magnetic nanoparticles with determination of intracellular iron content and spatial distribution of the intracellular iron. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9111-25. [PMID: 23624604 PMCID: PMC3676776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically labelled cells are used for in vivo cell tracking by MRI, used for the clinical translation of cell-base therapies. Studies involving magnetic labelled cells may include separation of labelled cells, targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, contrast enhanced MRI and magnetic hyperthermia for the in situ ablation of tumours. Dextran-coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferumoxides are used clinically as an MR contrast agents primarily for hepatic imaging. The material is also widely used for in vitro cell labelling, as are other SPIO-based particles. Our results on the uptake by human cancer cell lines of ferumoxides indicate that electroporation in the presence of protamine sulphate (PS) results in rapid high uptake of SPIO nanoparticles (SPIONs) by parenchymal tumour cells without significant impairment of cell viability. Quantitative determination of cellular iron uptake performed by colorimetric assay is in agreement with data from the literature. These results on intracellular iron content together with the intracellular distribution of SPIONs by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) following in vitro uptake by parenchymal tumour cells confirm the potential of this technique for clinical tumour cell detection and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.W.); (A.C.); Tel.: +44-1382-381-030 (Z.W.); +44-1382-381-009 (A.C.); Fax: +44-1382-386-588 (Z.W. & A.C.)
| | - Alfred Cuschieri
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.W.); (A.C.); Tel.: +44-1382-381-030 (Z.W.); +44-1382-381-009 (A.C.); Fax: +44-1382-386-588 (Z.W. & A.C.)
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Sun Z, Yathindranath V, Worden M, Thliveris JA, Chu S, Parkinson FE, Hegmann T, Miller DW. Characterization of cellular uptake and toxicity of aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with different charges in central nervous system-relevant cell culture models. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:961-70. [PMID: 23494517 PMCID: PMC3593762 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (AmS-IONPs) have been widely used in constructing complex and multifunctional drug delivery systems. However, the biocompatibility and uptake characteristics of AmS-IONPs in central nervous system (CNS)-relevant cells are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surface charge and magnetic field on toxicity and uptake of AmS-IONPs in CNS-relevant cell types. Methods The toxicity and uptake profile of positively charged AmS-IONPs and negatively charged COOH-AmS-IONPs of similar size were examined using a mouse brain microvessel endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and primary cultured mouse astrocytes and neurons. Cell accumulation of IONPs was examined using the ferrozine assay, and cytotoxicity was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results No toxicity was observed in bEnd.3 cells at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL for either AmS-IONPs or COOH-AmS-IONPs. AmS-IONPs at concentrations above 200 μg/mL reduced neuron viability by 50% in the presence or absence of a magnetic field, while only 20% reductions in viability were observed with COOH-AmS-IONPs. Similar concentrations of AmS-IONPs in astrocyte cultures reduced viability to 75% but only in the presence of a magnetic field, while exposure to COOH-AmS-IONPs reduced viability to 65% and 35% in the absence and presence of a magnetic field, respectively. Cellular accumulation of AmS-IONPs was greater in all cell types examined compared to COOH-AmS-IONPs. Rank order of cellular uptake for AmS-IONPs was astrocytes > bEnd.3 > neurons. Accumulation of COOH-AmS-IONPs was minimal and similar in magnitude in different cell types. Magnetic field exposure enhanced cellular accumulation of both AmS- and COOH-AmS-IONPs. Conclusion Both IONP compositions were nontoxic at concentrations below 100 μg/mL in all cell types examined. At doses above 100 μg/mL, neurons were more sensitive to AmS-IONPs, whereas astrocytes were more vulnerable toward COOH-AmS-IONPs. Toxicity appears to be dependent on the surface coating as opposed to the amount of iron-oxide present in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Shi SF, Jia JF, Guo XK, Zhao YP, Chen DS, Guo YY, Cheng T, Zhang XL. Biocompatibility of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with osteoblast cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5593-602. [PMID: 23118539 PMCID: PMC3484720 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone disorders (including osteoporosis, loosening of a prosthesis, and bone infections) are of great concern to the medical community and are difficult to cure. Therapies are available to treat such diseases, but all have drawbacks and are not specifically targeted to the site of disease. Chitosan is widely used in the biomedical community, including for orthopedic applications. The aim of the present study was to coat chitosan onto iron oxide nanoparticles and to determine its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Uptake of nanoparticles by osteoblasts was studied by transmission electron microscopy and Prussian blue staining. Viability and proliferation of osteoblasts were measured in the presence of uncoated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles or those coated with chitosan. Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein synthesis, and extracellular calcium deposition was studied in the presence of the nanoparticles. Results: Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles enhanced osteoblast proliferation, decreased cell membrane damage, and promoted cell differentiation, as indicated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase and extracellular calcium deposition. Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles showed good compatibility with osteoblasts. Conclusion: Further research is necessary to optimize magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Feng Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Saito S, Tsugeno M, Koto D, Mori Y, Yoshioka Y, Nohara S, Murase K. Impact of surface coating and particle size on the uptake of small and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5415-21. [PMID: 23091384 PMCID: PMC3474462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using contrast agents like superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is an extremely versatile technique to diagnose diseases and to monitor treatment. This study tested the relative importance of particle size and surface coating for the optimization of MRI contrast and labeling efficiency of macrophages migrating to remote inflammation sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested four SPIO and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), alkali-treated dextran magnetite (ATDM) with particle sizes of 28 and 74 nm, and carboxymethyl dextran magnetite (CMDM) with particle sizes of 28 and 72 nm. Mouse macrophage RAW264 cells were incubated with SPIOs and USPIOs, and the labeling efficiency of the cells was determined by the percentage of Berlin blue-stained cells and by measuring T(2) relaxation times with 11.7-T MRI. We used trypan blue staining to measure cell viability. RESULTS Analysis of the properties of the nanoparticles revealed that ATDM-coated 74 nm particles have a lower T(2) relaxation time than the others, translating into a higher ability of MRI negative contrast agent. Among the other three candidates, CMDM-coated particles showed the highest T(2) relaxation time once internalized by macrophages. Regarding labeling efficiency, ATDM coating resulted in a cellular uptake higher than CMDM coating, independent of nanoparticle size. None of these particle formulations affected macrophage viability. CONCLUSION This study suggests that coating is more critical than size to optimize the SPIO labeling of macrophages. Among the formulations tested in this study, the best MRI contrast and labeling efficiency are expected with ATDM-coated 74 nm nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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