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Ungvari Z, Kunutsor SK. Coffee consumption and cardiometabolic health: a comprehensive review of the evidence. GeroScience 2024; 46:6473-6510. [PMID: 38963648 PMCID: PMC11493900 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of longitudinal observational and interventional studies on the cardiometabolic effects of coffee consumption. It explores biological mechanisms, and clinical and policy implications, and highlights gaps in the evidence while suggesting future research directions. It also reviews evidence on the causal relationships between coffee consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Findings indicate that while coffee may cause short-term increases in blood pressure, it does not contribute to long-term hypertension risk. There is limited evidence indicating that coffee intake might reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, coffee consumption is consistently linked with reduced risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), showing dose-response relationships. The relationship between coffee and cardiovascular disease is complex, showing potential stroke prevention benefits but ambiguous effects on coronary heart disease. Moderate coffee consumption, typically ranging from 1 to 5 cups per day, is linked to a reduced risk of heart failure, while its impact on atrial fibrillation remains inconclusive. Furthermore, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, following a U-shaped pattern, with the largest risk reduction observed at moderate consumption levels. Except for T2D and CKD, MR studies do not robustly support a causal link between coffee consumption and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The potential beneficial effects of coffee on cardiometabolic health are consistent across age, sex, geographical regions, and coffee subtypes and are multi-dimensional, involving antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, lipid-modulating, insulin-sensitizing, and thermogenic effects. Based on its beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and fundamental biological processes involved in aging, moderate coffee consumption has the potential to contribute to extending the healthspan and increasing longevity. The findings underscore the need for future research to understand the underlying mechanisms and refine health recommendations regarding coffee consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Saint Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Yoo C, Xing D, Gonzalez DE, Jenkins V, Nottingham K, Dickerson B, Leonard M, Ko J, Lewis MH, Faries M, Kephart W, Purpura M, Jäger R, Wells SD, Liao K, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Paraxanthine provides greater improvement in cognitive function than caffeine after performing a 10-km run. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2352779. [PMID: 38725238 PMCID: PMC11089923 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2352779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Intense exercise promotes fatigue and can impair cognitive function, particularly toward the end of competition when decision-making is often critical for success. For this reason, athletes often ingest caffeinated energy drinks prior to or during exercise to help them maintain focus, reaction time, and cognitive function during competition. However, caffeine habituation and genetic sensitivity to caffeine (CA) limit efficacy. Paraxanthine (PX) is a metabolite of caffeine reported to possess nootropic properties. This study examined whether ingestion of PX with and without CA affects pre- or post-exercise cognitive function. METHODS 12 trained runners were randomly assigned to consume in a double-blind, randomized, and crossover manner 400 mg of a placebo (PL); 200 mg of PL + 200 mg of CA; 200 mg of PL + 200 mg of PX (ENFINITY®, Ingenious Ingredients); or 200 mg PX + 200 mg of CA (PX+CA) with a 7-14-day washout between treatments. Participants donated fasting blood samples and completed pre-supplementation (PRE) side effects questionnaires, the Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (BCST), and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test (PVTT). Participants then ingested the assigned treatment and rested for 60 minutes, repeated tests (PRE-EX), performed a 10-km run on a treadmill at a competition pace, and then repeated tests (POST-EX). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures and percent changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS BCST correct responses in the PX treatment increased from PRE-EX to POST-EX (6.8% [1.5, 12.1], p = 0.012). The error rate in the PL (23.5 [-2.8, 49.8] %, p = 0.078) and CA treatment (31.5 [5.2, 57.8] %, p = 0.02) increased from PRE-EX values with POST-EX errors tending to be lower with PX treatment compared to CA (-35.7 [-72.9, 1.4] %, p = 0.059). POST-EX perseverative errors with PAR rules were significantly lower with PX treatment than with CA (-26.9 [-50.5, -3.4] %, p = 0.026). Vigilance analysis revealed a significant interaction effect in Trial #2 mean reaction time values (p = 0.049, η p 2 = 0.134, moderate to large effect) with POST-EX reaction times tending to be faster with PX and CA treatment. POST-EX mean reaction time of all trials with PX treatment was significantly faster than PL (-23.2 [-43.4, -2.4] %, p = 0.029) and PX+CA (-29.6 [-50.3, -8.80] %, p = 0.006) treatments. There was no evidence that PX ingestion adversely affected ratings of side effects associated with stimulant intake or clinical blood markers. CONCLUSIONS Results provide some evidence that pre-exercise PX ingestion improves prefrontal cortex function, attenuates attentional decline, mitigates cognitive fatigue, and improves reaction time and vigilance. Adding CA to PX did not provide additional benefits. Therefore, PX ingestion may serve as a nootropic alternative to CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongsung Yoo
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dante Xing
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kay Nottingham
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Broderick Dickerson
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan Leonard
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joungbo Ko
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan H. Lewis
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mark Faries
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wesley Kephart
- University of Wisconsin – Whitewater, Department of Kinesiology, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | - Martin Purpura
- Increnovo LLC, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Ingenious Ingredients LP, Lewisville, TX, USA
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Ingenious Ingredients LP, Lewisville, TX, USA
| | | | - Kylin Liao
- Ingenious Ingredients LP, Lewisville, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rasmussen
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
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Lopes S, Cunha M, Costa JG, Ferreira-Pêgo C. Analysis of food supplements and sports foods consumption patterns among a sample of gym-goers in Portugal. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2388077. [PMID: 39114969 PMCID: PMC11312987 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2388077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gym-goers usually seek methods to improve performance, muscle gain, and overall health. One of the main strategies is including food supplements (FS) into their routine as aids to enhance their athletic capabilities and satisfy their nutritional needs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and characterize the main FS and Sports Foods (SF) currently consumed, as well as the main reasons for their use and the source of advice in a group of gym-goers in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 303 gym-goers from Lisbon, Portugal, who were 133 women and 170 males (30.8 ± 12.9 years old). Face-to-face interviews were used by qualified researchers to gather data. RESULTS Most of the interviewed athletes (71.95 %) took FS/SF, being men the main consumers. On average, 1.59 supplements were consumed per athlete. Logistic regression models indicated significant associations between age, gender, and motivations for gym attendance. While men and younger groups attended mainly for hypertrophy, women and older groups were focused on well-being. Protein (59.17 %) was the most used FS/SF, followed by creatine (41.28 %) and multivitamins (27.06 %). Men and younger individuals preferred protein and creatine, while older individuals focused more on specific vitamins and minerals. Women seemed to prefer L-carnitine and protein yogurts. Main sources of information included the internet, friends, and dietitians with notable gender and age-based preferences. Online stores were the main place of purchase. Monthly expenditures on FS/SF were not significantly affected by age or gender, but motivations for use had an influence. CONCLUSION Most of the athletes interviewed took FS/SF, being men the major consumers. Protein was the principal FS/SF used, with online stores being the main place of purchase and the internet the primary source of information. Age and gender were key factors in adopted training, in the FS/SF chosen, and in the source of information selected. It is crucial that health professionals take primary responsibility for providing this guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lopes
- CBIOS – Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Cunha
- Universidade Lusófona, School of Health Sciences and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS – Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- CBIOS – Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ramírez-delaCruz M, Esteban-García P, Abián P, Bravo-Sánchez A, Piñas-Bonilla I, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of different doses of caffeine on cognitive performance in healthy physically active individuals. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:3025-3035. [PMID: 39231871 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caffeine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that increases the activity of the prefrontal cortex and can improve various cognitive skills. An improvement in these cognitive skills can lead to further benefits in athletic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the dose-response of caffeine on cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of caffeine on sport-related cognitive aspects. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy physically active young adults were recruited. All participants completed three trials under the following conditions: (a) placebo, (b) 3 mg/kg, or (c) 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine. In each trial, different cognitive abilities were evaluated with the following battery of tests: reaction time (Dynavision™ D2), anticipation (Bassin Anticipation Timer), sustained attention (Go/No-Go and Eriksen Flanker Test) and memory tests. Moreover, the side effects and the perceived sensation index were recorded 24 h after each test. RESULTS Reaction time only improved following 6 mg/kg of caffeine intake (Physical reaction time: -0.04 s, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.01 s, P = 0.036, d = 0.5; Motor reaction time: -0.04 s, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.01 s, P = 0.008, d = 0.6) compared to the placebo condition. Anticipation, sustained attention, and memory were not affected after either caffeine dose intake (all P > 0.05). In addition, the 6 mg/kg dose of caffeine augmented the occurrence of the side effects of increased activeness (P = 0.046) and nervousness (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Acute intake of 6 mg/kg caffeine is effective in improving reaction time despite increasing the occurrence of side effects in healthy physically active young adults. STUDY REGISTRATION This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials whose ID is: NCT05995314 (2023-08-08).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ramírez-delaCruz
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Paula Esteban-García
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Calle Universidad Comillas, 3-5, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo- Majadahonda km 1,800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
| | - Inés Piñas-Bonilla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas, s/n. 06006. Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
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Tallis J, Duncan MJ, Clarke ND, Morris RO, Tamilio RA. Are caffeine effects equivalent between different modes of administration: the acute effects of 3 mg.kg -1 caffeine on the muscular strength and power of male university Rugby Union players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2419385. [PMID: 39439175 PMCID: PMC11500557 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2419385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the potential of alternative modes of caffeine administration for enhancing sports performance. Given that alternative modes may evoke improved physical performance via distinct mechanisms, effects may not be comparable and studies directly comparing the erogenicity of alternative modes of caffeine administration are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, the present study evaluated the effect of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine delivered in anhydrous form via capsule ingestion, chewing gum or mouth rinsing on measures of muscular strength, power, and strength endurance in male Rugby Union players. METHODS Twenty-seven participants completed the study (Mean ± SD: Age 20 ± 2 yrs; daily caffeine consumption 188 ± 88 mg). Following assessments and reassessment of chest press (CP), shoulder press (SP), Deadlift (DL), and Squat (SQ) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and familiarization to the experimental procedures, participants completed six experimental trials where they were administered 3 mg.kg-1 caffeine (Caff) or placebo (Plac) capsule(CAP), chewing gum(GUM) or mouth rinse(RINSE) in a randomized, double-blind and counterbalanced fashion prior to force platform assessment of countermovement jump, drop jump and isometric mid-thigh pull performance. Strength endurance was measured across two sets of CP, SP, DL, and SQ at 70% 1RM until failure. Pre-exercise perceptions of motivation and arousal were also determined. RESULTS Caffeine increased perceived readiness to invest mental effort (p = .038; ηp2=.156), countermovement jump height (p = .035; ηp2=.160) and SQ repetitions until failure in the first set (p < .001; d = .481), but there was no effect of delivery mode (p > .687; ηp2<.015). Readiness to invest physical effort, felt arousal, drop jump height, countermovement jump, drop jump and isometric mid-thigh pull ground reaction force-time characteristics and repetitions until failure in CP, SP and DL were not affected by caffeine administration or mode of caffeine delivery (p > .0.052; ηp2< .136). CONCLUSION 3 mg.kg-1 caffeine administered via capsule, gum or mouth rinse had limited effects on muscular strength, power, and strength endurance. Small effects of caffeine on CMJ height could not be explained by changes in specific ground reaction force-time characteristics and were not transferable to DJ performance, and effects specific to the SQ RTP exercise underpin the complexity in understanding effects of caffeine on muscular function. Novel modes of caffeine administration proposed to evoke benefits via distinct mechanisms did not offer unique effects, and the small number of effects demonstrated may have little translation to a single performance trial when data examining direct comparison of each caffeine vehicle compared against a mode matched placebo is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Coventry University, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Science, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael, J. Duncan
- Coventry University, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Science, Coventry, UK
| | - Neil, D. Clarke
- Birmingham City University, Research Centre for Life and Sport Science (CLaSS), School of Health Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rhys O. Morris
- Coventry University, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Science, Coventry, UK
| | - Ryan, A. Tamilio
- Coventry University, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Science, Coventry, UK
- University of Birmingham, School of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, Birmingham, UK
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Nascimento EMF, Borszcz FK, Ventura TP, Boaventura BCB, do Nascimento Salvador PC, Guglielmo LGA, Dantas de Lucas R. No Combined Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum and Priming Exercise on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Kinetics: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial in Cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:340-348. [PMID: 39168461 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion by chewing gum (GUMCAF) combined with priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen extraction (HHb + Mb) kinetics during cycling performed in a severe-intensity domain. Fifteen trained cyclists completed four visits: two under a placebo gum (GUMPLA) and two under GUMCAF ingestion. Each visit consisted of two square-wave cycling bouts at Δ70 intensity (70% of difference between the V˙O2 at first ventilatory threshold and V˙O2max) with duration of 6 min each and 5 min of passive rest between the bouts. The GUMPLA or GUMCAF (400 mg) was chewed for 5 min, 12 min before the first Δ70 bout in a randomized double-blind procedure. The fundamental phase and slow component of HHb + Mb and V˙O2 kinetics were evaluated. For HHb + Mb kinetics, regardless of ingested gum, priming exercise effects occurred on the time constant (GUMCAF 16.0 ± 4.0 vs. 13.9 ± 2.9 s; GUMPLA 15.7 ± 6.1 vs. 13.2 ± 2.5 s), amplitude, slow component, time delay, and mean response time parameters (p ≤ .032). For V˙O2 kinetics, there were significant effects of bouts on the amplitude, slow component, end V˙O2, and the gain kinetics parameters (p < .017). Baseline V˙O2 was higher during GUMCAF than GUMPLA (p = .020). No significant effects occurred for the interaction between gum and bout in any parameter of V˙O2 or HHb + Mb kinetics. Therefore, unlike the priming exercise in severe-intensity exercise, GUMCAF is not an effective strategy for improving V˙O2 or HHb + Mb kinetics acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Klitzke Borszcz
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pereira Ventura
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Leonardo da Vinci University-Uniasselvi/VITRU Education, Indaial, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Waer FB, Alexe DI, Chaari F, Alexe CI, Laatar R, Badau D, Rebai H, Albina AM, Ljubojevic A, Sahli S. Caffeine optimizes Zumba training benefits on functional performances in middle-aged women: a randomized trial study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:25657. [PMID: 39463442 PMCID: PMC11514171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the effect of daily caffeine supplementation (100 mg/day) and 12-week of Zumba training on functional performances in middle-aged women. Eighty-five middle-aged women were randomized into 4 groups including control, Zumba training (ZT), caffeine supplementation (Ca) or caffeine-Zumba training (Ca + ZT) groups. Functional performances were assessed using 10 m Walk, Timed Up and Go, Functional Reach, and 30-Second Chair Stand tests. As results, ZT, Ca and Ca + ZT intervention programs showed a significant (p < 0.05) functional performances improvement. However, Ca + ZT group showed significant (p < 0.001) better scores in terms of mobility (95%CI [0.71, 1.43]), gait speed (95%CI [0.52, 1.71]) and lower body endurance strength (95%CI [-6.93, -1.92]), except for dynamic balance (95%CI [-9.41, -3.44]). In conclusion, 12-week of Zumba training improves functional performances in middle-aged women, and daily caffeine intake is an effective alternative for improving such performances. Supplementing caffeine (100 mg/day) to Zumba training was effective in boosting Zumba benefits on these functional performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health, Sciences, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, 600115, Bacau, Romania.
| | - Fatma Chaari
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Sciences, "Vasile Alecsandri", University of Bacău, 600115, Bacau, Romania
| | - Rabeb Laatar
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dana Badau
- Department of Sport Performance, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036, Brasov, Romania
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), (CNMSS-LR09SEP01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Andreea Mihaela Albina
- Sport Science and Physical Educational Doctoral School, Social and Humanities Sciences University of Craiova, 200585, Craiova, Romania
| | - Adriana Ljubojevic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Tsai YS, Chen TT, Chan YC, Huang CC, Lai TF, Liao Y, Metcalfe RS, Chen YC, Wang HS. Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment in 10-km running performance following one night of partial sleep deprivation: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05638-5. [PMID: 39438312 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether acute caffeine supplementation can offset the negative effects of one-night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on endurance exercise performance is currently unknown. METHODS Ten healthy recreational male runners (age: 27 ± 6 years;V ˙ O 2 max : 61 ± 9 mL/kg/min) completed 4 trials in a balanced Latin square design, which were PSD + caffeine (PSD-Caf), PSD + placebo (PSD-Pla), normal sleep (NS) + caffeine (NS-Caf) and NS + placebo (NS-Pla). 3 and 8 h sleep windows were scheduled in PSD and NS, respectively. 10-km treadmill time trial (TT) performance was assessed 45 min after caffeine (6 mg/kg/body mass)/placebo supplementation in the morning following PSD/NS. Blood glucose, lactate, free fatty acid and glycerol were measured at pre-supplementation, pre-exercise and after exercise. RESULTS PSD resulted in compromised TT performance compared to NS in the placebo conditions by 5% (51.9 ± 7.7 vs. 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.001). Caffeine improved TT performance compared to placebo following both PSD by 7.7% (PSD-Caf: 47.9 ± 7.3 min vs. PSD-Pla: 51.9 ± 7.7 min, p = 0.007) and NS by 2.8% (NS-Caf: 48.0 ± 6.4 min vs. NS-Pla: 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.049). TT performance following PSD-Caf was not different from either NS-Pla or NS-Caf (p = 0.185 and p = 0.891, respectively). Blood glucose, lactate, and glycerol concentrations at post-exercise, as well as heart rate and the speed/RPE ratio during TT, were higher in caffeine trials compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine supplementation offsets the negative effects of one-night PSD on 10-km running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tzu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Ching Chan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chin Huang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Seng Wang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Field A, Corr L, Birdsey L, Langley C, Marshall B, Wood G, Hearris M, Martinho D, Carbry C, Naughton R, Fleming J, Mohr M, Krustrup P, Russell M, David Harper L. Caffeine Gum Improves Reaction Time but Reduces Composure Versus Placebo During the Extra-Time Period of Simulated Soccer Match-Play in Male Semiprofessional Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:286-297. [PMID: 38917989 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether caffeine gum influenced perceptual-cognitive and physical performance during the extra-time period of simulated soccer match-play. Semiprofessional male soccer players (n = 12, age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass: 75 ± 9 kg) performed 120-min soccer-specific exercise on two occasions. In a triple-blind, randomized, crossover design, players chewed caffeinated (200 mg; caffeine) or control (0 mg; placebo) gum for 5 min following 90 min of soccer-specific exercise. Perceptual-cognitive skills (i.e., passing accuracy, reaction time, composure, and adaptability) were assessed using a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator, collected pre- and posttrial. Neuromuscular performance (reactive-strength index, vertical jump height, absolute and relative peak power output, and negative vertical displacement) and sprint performance (15 and 30 m) were measured at pretrial, half-time, 90 min, and posttrial. Caffeine gum attenuated declines in reaction time (pre: 90.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 90.7 ± 0.8 AU) by a further 4.2% than placebo (pre: 92.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 88.2 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum reduced composure by 4.7% (pre: 69.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 65.9 ± 0.8 AU) versus placebo (pre: 68.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 68.3 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum did not influence any other variables (p > .05). Where caffeine gum is consumed by players prior to extra-time, reaction time increases but composure may be compromised, and neuromuscular and sprint performance remain unchanged. Future work should assess caffeine gum mixes with substances like L-theanine that promote a relaxed state under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Field
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Corr
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Birdsey
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Langley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hearris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Martinho
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christa Carbry
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Robins High Performance Centre, Bristol City Football Club, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Fleming
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, England
| | - Magni Mohr
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liam David Harper
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Yu P, Fan Y, Wu H. Effects of Caffeine-Taurine Co-Ingestion on Endurance Cycling Performance in High Temperature and Humidity Environments. Sports Health 2024; 16:711-721. [PMID: 38406865 PMCID: PMC11346225 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241231627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine (TAU) and caffeine (CAF), as common ergogenic aids, are known to affect exercise performance; however, the effects of their combined supplementation, particularly in high temperature and humidity environments, have not been studied. HYPOTHESIS The combination of TAU and CAF will have a greater effect on endurance cycle performance and improve changes in physiological indicators during exercise compared with TAU or CAF supplementation alone and placebo. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind crossover randomized controlled study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS Twelve university students majoring in physical education volunteered to receive 4 different supplement ingestions: (1) placebo (maltodextrin), (2) TAU, (3) CAF, (4) TAU + CAF. After a 7-day washout period, participants completed a time to exhaustion (TTE) test in the heat (35°C, 65% relative humidity). RESULTS All experimental groups improved TTE compared with the placebo group. Peak and mean power of countermovement jump were significantly higher in the CAF group compared with the placebo group before the exhaustion exercise (P = 0.02, d = 1.2 and P = 0.04, d = 1.1, respectively). Blood lactate was significantly lower after the exhaustion test in the TAU group compared with the CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.8) and TAU + CAF (P < 0.01, d = 0.7) groups. Core temperature in the TAU group was significantly reduced in the placebo group later in the exhaustion test (P < 0.01, d = 1.9). CONCLUSION In high temperature and humidity environments, acute TAU, CAF, and combined supplementation all improved TTE and did not affect recovery from lower limb neuromuscular fatigue compared with placebo, with TAU having the best effect. Combined supplementation failed to exhibit superimposed performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results provide suggestions for the effects of TAU, CAF, and their combined intake on exercise performance in high temperature and humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Yu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, China
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Kaçoğlu C, Kirkaya İ, Ceylan Hİ, de Assis GG, Almeida-Neto P, Bayrakdaroğlu S, Chaves Oliveira C, Özkan A, Nikolaidis PT. Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate: Their Effects on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in a Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:206. [PMID: 39195582 PMCID: PMC11359456 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate are extensively researched ergogenic aids known for their potential to enhance exercise performance. The stimulant properties of caffeine on the central nervous system, coupled with the buffering capacity of sodium bicarbonate, have been associated with improved athletic performance. This has led to investigations of their combined effects on strength. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of isolated and combined caffeine and sodium bicarbonate consumption on strength using the isometric mid-thigh pull test (IMTP). Nineteen male college students (age 23.6 ± 1.6 years) participated in this crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. They were exposed to the following conditions: control (no supplement), placebo (20 g maltodextrin), caffeine (6 mg/kg), sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg), and a combination of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate. Supplements and placebo were diluted in water and consumed 60 min prior to the IMTP tests. Two 5 s IMTP trials were performed at 40-60% and 60-80% of One Repetition of Maximum (1RM) with a 60 s rest between. Consumption of caffeine or Caf + NaHCO3 did not significantly change peak IMTP strength values at any intensity (p = 0.110). The peak IMTP values did not show significant differences between conditions or from control condition values (1091 ± 100 N) to Caf (1224 ± 92 N), NaHCO3 (1222 ± 74 N), and Caf ± NaHCO3 (1152 ± 109 N). However, the test of the results of the ANOVA analysis of repeated measures of effect within the caffeine condition was significant for the increase in IMTP relative strength compared to control (p < 0.05). Thus, the IMTP force values increased significantly from control to Caf (p = 0.016) and from Pla to Caf (p = 0.008), but not for other comparisons (p > 0.05). In summary, caffeine supplementation alone, taken 60 min before exercise, positively affects submaximal strength performance. In contrast, sodium bicarbonate, whether taken alone or in combination with caffeine, does not enhance submaximal strength in the IMTP tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celil Kaçoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir 26555, Türkiye;
| | - İzzet Kirkaya
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Türkiye; (İ.K.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Department of Physical Education of Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye;
| | - Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 01049-010, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Almeida-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, CCS-UFNR, Natal 59078-900, Brazil;
| | - Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Movement and Training Sciences, School of Education and Sport, Gumushane University, Gumushane 29100, Türkiye;
| | - César Chaves Oliveira
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Sports and Leisure, 4960-320 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Ali Özkan
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Türkiye; (İ.K.); (A.Ö.)
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Mor A, Acar K, Alexe DI, Mor H, Abdioğlu M, Man MC, Karakaș F, Waer FB, Yılmaz AK, Alexe CI. Moderate-dose caffeine enhances anaerobic performance without altering hydration status. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1359999. [PMID: 39050139 PMCID: PMC11267619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1359999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of direct nutritional supplements on athletic performance are still being investigated and arouse curiosity. Only one study in the literature was found that investigated the kicking speed performance of futsal players following low-dose caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg); thus, the question of whether caffeine supplementation improves kicking speed as well as essential physical parameters in soccer players is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine supplementation on vertical jump (VJ), sprint, reaction time, balance, change of direction (COD), and ball-kicking speed in soccer players. In a double-blind, cross-over design, nine moderately trained male soccer players (21.11 ± 2.02 years, 171.22 ± 6.14 cm, 71.78 ± 10.02 kg) consumed caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo 60 min before completing balance, reaction time, vertical jump, agility, 30 m sprint, and ball-kicking speed tests. Greater VJ height (p = 0.01) and power (p = 0.08), and faster completion time according to the Illinois Agility Test (p = 0.08) were found following caffeine supplementation compared to placebo. Elapsed time (p = 0.01), average (p = 0.01) time, and the slowest reaction times (p = 0.016) were significantly reduced after caffeine consumption compared to placebo supplementation. Caffeine intake significantly improved VJ, agility, and reaction time (p < 0.05) but did not affect 30 m sprint, ball-kicking speed, balance, and RPE values in soccer players (p > 0.05). Although non-significant, caffeine intake also improved sprint (0.67%) and ball kicking (2.7%) performance percentages. Also, caffeine consumption did not induce dehydration, and the athletes' body hydration levels were normal. These findings support the use of caffeine supplementation as an effective nutritional ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic performance, at least for vertical jumps, COD speed, and reaction time, in trained male soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mor
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Kürşat Acar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
| | - Hakkı Mor
- Department of Coaching Education, Yasar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Mekki Abdioğlu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Maria Cristina Man
- Department of Physical Education, 1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia, Romania
| | - Fatih Karakaș
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Kerim Yılmaz
- Recreation Department, Yasar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
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Saavedra Velásquez N, Cuadrado Peñafiel V, de la Vega Marcos R. Can caffeine improve your performance? Psychophysiological effects - A systematic review. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:677-685. [PMID: 38666339 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caffeine is a widely used ergogenic aid in society, which has made it a topic of interest due to its various benefits at cognitive, physiological, and sports levels, among others. This review aims to investigate the potential benefits of caffeine supplementation in psychophysiological performance through a structured search in the SportsDiscus/Scopus/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases (October 2022). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, and the inclusion criteria were defined based on the PICOS model. Double-blind, randomized/semi-randomized crossover articles comparing caffeine intake with an identical placebo condition were included. Filters by age or gender of the participants were not applied. The initial search gave a result of 201 articles, which after eliminating duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample for this review was 8 studies. The review concluded that 3 (37.5 %) found favorable ergogenic effects, 4 (50 %) found partial effects, and 1 (12.5 %) found no effects of caffeine supplementation on variables related to psychophysiological performance. In general, both partial and negative results could be linked to insufficient doses to produce any change, likewise, habitual caffeine consumption is also a variable that could be attenuating its potential ergogenic effect. In conclusion, moderate doses of caffeine 3-6 mg/kg seem to be an effective strategy to improve the psychophysiological response in various contexts without generating detrimental effects on performance, as long as the intervention designs consider the variables that could condition its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Saavedra Velásquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports & Human Movement. Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Víctor Cuadrado Peñafiel
- Department of Physical Education, Sports & Human Movement. Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Ricardo de la Vega Marcos
- Department of Physical Education, Sports & Human Movement. Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Spineli H, dos Santos M, Almeida D, Gitaí D, Silva-Cavalcante M, Balikian P, Ataide-Silva T, Marinho A, Sousa F, de Araujo G. ACE gene polymorphisms (rs4340) II and DI are more responsive to the ergogenic effect of caffeine than DD on aerobic power, heart rate, and perceived exertion in a homogeneous Brazilian group of adolescent athletes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13217. [PMID: 38896643 PMCID: PMC11186592 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes DD, DI, and II and caffeine (CAF) ingestion on endurance performance, heart rate, ratio of perceived exertion (RPE), and habitual caffeine intake (HCI) of adolescent athletes. Seventy-four male adolescent athletes (age: DD=16±1.7; DI=16±2.0; II=15±1.7 years) ingested CAF (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLA) one hour before performing the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test. No difference was found among groups for HCI. However, CAF increased the maximal distance covered and VO2max in DI and II genotype carriers compared to PLA (DD: Δ=31 m and 0.3 mL·kg-1·min-1; DI: Δ=286 m and 1.1 mL·kg-1·min-1; II: Δ=160 m and 1.4 mL·kg-1·min-1). Heart rate of DI and II genotype carriers increased with CAF compared to PLA, while RPE was higher in the II and lower in the DD genotypes. The correlations between HCI and maximal distance covered or VO2max were significant in the II genotype carriers with CAF. CAF increased endurance capacity, heart rate, and RPE in adolescent athletes with allele I, while endurance performance and aerobic power had a positive correlation to HCI in the II genotype group. These findings suggested that DD genotype were less responsive to CAF and that genetic variations should be taken into account when using CAF supplementation to enhance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Spineli
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M. dos Santos
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - D. Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - D. Gitaí
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M. Silva-Cavalcante
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - P. Balikian
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - T. Ataide-Silva
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - A. Marinho
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - F. Sousa
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - G. de Araujo
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
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15
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Rahimi MR, Semenova EA, John G, Fallah F, Larin AK, Generozov EV, Ahmetov II. Effect of ADORA2A Gene Polymorphism and Acute Caffeine Supplementation on Hormonal Response to Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1803. [PMID: 38931158 PMCID: PMC11206868 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that TT genotype carriers of the adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) gene rs5751876 polymorphism have better ergogenic and anti-inflammatory responses to caffeine intake compared to C allele carriers. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to investigate the association of the ADORA2A rs5751876 polymorphism with acute caffeine supplementation on hormonal (growth hormone and testosterone) response to resistance exercise (RE); (2) to examine the relationship between the rs5751876 polymorphism and the resting levels of growth hormone and testosterone in athletes who are light caffeine consumers. A double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involving 30 resistance-trained men (age 21.7 ± 4.1) was conducted to assess the impact of caffeine supplementation on serum growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (TS) levels before, immediately after, and 15 min post-RE. One hour before engaging in resistance exercise, subjects were randomly administered 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo (maltodextrin). After a 7-day washout period, the same protocol was repeated. Resting testosterone and growth hormone levels were examined in the sera of 94 elite athletes (31 females, age 21.4 ± 2.8; 63 males, age 22.9 ± 3.8). Caffeine consumption led to significantly greater increases in GH and TS in men with the TT genotype compared to C allele carriers. Furthermore, in the group of athletes, carriers of the TT genotype had significantly higher testosterone (p = 0.0125) and growth hormone (p = 0.0365) levels compared to C allele carriers. In conclusion, the ADORA2A gene rs5751876 polymorphism may modify the effect of caffeine intake on the hormonal response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina A. Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - George John
- Transform Specialist Medical Centre, Dubai 119190, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fateme Fallah
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Andrey K. Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V. Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
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Valério MV, Schaun GZ, Andrade LS, David GB, Orcy RB, Rombaldi AJ, Alberton CL. Caffeine Supplementation Effects on Concurrent Training Performance in Resistance-Trained Men: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:546-554. [PMID: 38100570 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2276401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on the performance during a session of resistance training alone (RT) or in combination with aerobic training (i.e. concurrent training; CT). Method: Fourteen resistance-trained men (23.1 ± 4.2 years) were recruited and performed both RT and CT under three different conditions: control (CONT), placebo (PLA), and caffeine (CAF; 6 mg.kg-1) for a total of six experimental conditions. Results: Both total and per set number of repetitions, and total volume load were lower during CT as compared to RT, irrespective of the supplementation condition (all p < .001), whereas a supplementation main effect was observed for the total number of repetitions (p = .001), the number of repetitions in the first (p = .002) and second sets (p = .001), and total volume load (p = .001). RPE values were higher after the CT sessions than after the RT sessions (p < .001), whereas no differences were observed between supplementation conditions (p = .865). Conclusions: Caffeine supplementation was not sufficient to minimize the acute interference effect on strength performance in a CT session when compared to RT alone. In contrast, caffeine improved strength performance during the first set of both CT and RT, while maintaining a similar RPE between the supplementation conditions. However, the overall effect was small.
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Nishikawa T, Hirono T, Holobar A, Kunugi S, Okudaira M, Ohya T, Watanabe K. Acute effects of caffeine or quercetin ingestion on motor unit firing pattern before and after resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1645-1658. [PMID: 38193908 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine or quercetin ingestion on motor unit firing patterns and muscle contractile properties before and after resistance exercise. High-density surface electromyography (HDs-EMG) during submaximal contractions and electrically elicited torque in knee extensor muscles were measured before (PRE) and 60 min after (POST1) ingestion of caffeine, quercetin glycosides, or placebo, and after resistance exercise (POST2) in ten young males. The Convolution Kernel Compensation technique was used to identify individual motor units of the vastus lateralis muscle for the recorded HDs-EMG. Ingestion of caffeine or quercetin induced significantly greater decreases in recruitment thresholds (RTs) from PRE to POST1 compared with placebo (placebo: 94.8 ± 9.7%, caffeine: 84.5 ± 16.2%, quercetin: 91.9 ± 36.7%), and there were significant negative correlations between the change in RTs (POST1-PRE) and RT at PRE for caffeine (rs = - 0.448, p < 0.001) and quercetin (rs = - 0.415, p = 0.003), but not placebo (rs = - 0.109, p = 0.440). Significant positive correlations between the change in firing rates (POST2-POST1) and RT at PRE were noted with placebo (rs = 0.380, p = 0.005) and quercetin (rs = 0.382, p = 0.007), but not caffeine (rs = 0.069, p = 0.606). No significant differences were observed in electrically elicited torque among the three conditions. These results suggest that caffeine or quercetin ingestion alters motor unit firing patterns after resistance exercise in different threshold-dependent manners in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Kaizu-Cho, Tokodachi, Toyota, 470-0093, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Kaizu-Cho, Tokodachi, Toyota, 470-0093, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aleš Holobar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Shun Kunugi
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Kaizu-Cho, Tokodachi, Toyota, 470-0093, Japan
- Center for General Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okudaira
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Kaizu-Cho, Tokodachi, Toyota, 470-0093, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohya
- Laboratory for Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Kaizu-Cho, Tokodachi, Toyota, 470-0093, Japan.
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18
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Lynn A, Shaw C, Sorsby AC, Ashworth P, Hanif F, Williams CE, Ranchordas MK. Caffeine gum improves 5 km running performance in recreational runners completing parkrun events. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1283-1291. [PMID: 38400919 PMCID: PMC11139716 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether caffeine gum improves the performance of recreational runners completing parkruns (weekly, 5 km, mass participant running events). METHODS Thirty-six recreational runners (M = 31, F = 5; age 33.7 ± 10.7 y; BMI 23.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2) capable of running 5 km in < 25 min were recruited to a study at the Sheffield Hallam parkrun, UK. Runners were block randomized into one of three double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trials with caffeine gum as the treatment (n = 6 per intervention trial) or into one of three non-intervention trials that ran concurrently with the intervention trials (n = 6 per non-intervention trial). Changes in conditions across different parkruns were adjusted for using data from the non-intervention trials. Runners in the randomized cross-over intervention trials chewed gum supplying 300 mg of caffeine or a placebo gum for 5 min, starting 30 min before each parkrun. RESULTS Caffeine gum improved 5 km parkrun performance by a mean of 17.28 s (95% CI 4.19, 30.37; P = 0.01). Adjustment for environmental conditions using data from the non-intervention trials attenuated the statistical significance (P = 0.04). Caffeine gum also decreased RPE by 1.21 (95% CI 0.30, 2.13; P = 0·01) units relative to placebo. CONCLUSIONS A 300 mg dose of caffeine supplied in chewing gum improved the performance of recreational runners completing 5 km parkruns by an average of 17 s. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02473575 before recruitment commenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lynn
- Food Group, Department of Service Sector Management, College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK.
| | - Chloe Shaw
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Anna C Sorsby
- Food Group, Department of Service Sector Management, College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Pippa Ashworth
- Food Group, Department of Service Sector Management, College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Faysal Hanif
- Food Group, Department of Service Sector Management, College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Claire E Williams
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mayur K Ranchordas
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
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19
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Ortiz-Sánchez D, Bravo-Sánchez A, Ramírez-delaCruz M, Abián P, Abián-Vicén J. Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Physiological Parameters and Physical Performance. Nutrients 2024; 16:1405. [PMID: 38794643 PMCID: PMC11123970 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the placebo effect associated with a high dose of caffeine (9 mg/kg) on heart rate and its variability and on strength tests. METHODS 18 participants experienced in strength training (19.7 ± 2.3 years; 72.2 ± 15.0 kg; 169.6 ± 9.0 cm) performed two days of trials (caffeine-informed/placebo-ingested (placebo) and non-ingested (control)). Firstly, heart rate and its variability were measured while participants lay down for 15 min. After that, bench press and squat tests were performed at 3 different loads (50%, 75% and 90% of 1RM). Perception of performance, effort and side effects were also evaluated. RESULTS no differences were found in the vast majority of strength variables analysed. Resting heart rate decreased in the placebo trial (60.39 ± 10.18 bpm control vs. 57.56 ± 9.50 bpm placebo, p = 0.040), and mean RR increased (1020.1 ± 172.9 ms control vs. 1071.5 ± 185.7 ms placebo, p = 0.032). Heart rate variability and perception of performance and effort were similar between conditions (p > 0.05 in all cases). Side effects such as activeness and nervousness were reported while consuming the placebo. CONCLUSIONS the placebo effect did not modify performance in the majority of the strength test variables, HRV and perception of performance and effort. However, resting heart rate was reduced, mean RR increased, and some side effects appeared in the placebo trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (D.O.-S.); (A.B.-S.); (M.R.-d.); (P.A.)
| | - Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (D.O.-S.); (A.B.-S.); (M.R.-d.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - María Ramírez-delaCruz
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (D.O.-S.); (A.B.-S.); (M.R.-d.); (P.A.)
| | - Pablo Abián
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (D.O.-S.); (A.B.-S.); (M.R.-d.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Calle. Alberto Aguilera 23, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (D.O.-S.); (A.B.-S.); (M.R.-d.); (P.A.)
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20
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Bernardo MF, Enes A, Rezende EF, Okuyama AR, Alves RC, de Andrade M, Macedo ACG, de Barros MP, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Souza-Junior TP. Caffeine Does Not Alter Performance, Perceptual Responses, and Oxidative Stress After Short Sprint Interval Training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:179-187. [PMID: 38266627 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of research investigating the efficacy of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance, the physiological and biochemical responses to caffeine supplementation during intermittent activities are less evident. This study investigated the acute effects of caffeine supplementation on measures of exercise performance, ratings of perceived exertion, and biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by an acute bout of sprint interval training. In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy males (age: 26 ± 4 years, height: 177.5 ± 6 cm, body mass: 80.7 ± 7.6 kg) ingested 6 mg/kg of caffeine or placebo 60 min prior to performing sprint interval training (12 × 6 s "all-out sprints" interspersed by 60 s of rest). Performance scores and ratings of perceived exertion were assessed after every sprint. Blood samples were collected before supplementation, prior to and following each sprint, and 5 and 60 min after the last sprint. Caffeine had no effect on any performance measures, ratings of perceived exertion, or biomarkers of oxidative stress (p > .05). In conclusion, caffeine supplementation does not improve performance or decrease oxidative stress after an acute bout of sprint interval training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro F Bernardo
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alysson Enes
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elisangela F Rezende
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Okuyama
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ragami C Alves
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Andrade
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina G Macedo
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Tácito P Souza-Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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21
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López-Parra MB, Gómez-Domínguez I, Iriondo-DeHond M, Villamediana Merino E, Sánchez-Martín V, Mendiola JA, Iriondo-DeHond A, del Castillo MD. The Impact of the Drying Process on the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Dried Ripe Coffee Cherry Pulp Soluble Powder. Foods 2024; 13:1114. [PMID: 38611418 PMCID: PMC11011276 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee fruit cascara, which is the skin and pulp of the coffee cherry, has been authorized as a novel food for commercialization in the European Union. The present research assessed the feasibility of using spray drying to produce a soluble powder called instant cascara (IC), employing sun-dried ripe coffee cherry pulp as a raw material. Although there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the overall antioxidant capacity between the freeze-dried and spray-dried samples, after an in vitro simulation of the digestion process, the spray-dried sample was significantly (p < 0.05) more antioxidant. Both samples reduced physiological intracellular ROS and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the secretion of the pro-inflammatory factor NO. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds were detected in intestinal digests. In conclusion, spray drying is a good technique for producing IC as its use does not affect its properties and causes less environmental impact than freeze drying, as calculated by life cycle assessment. Sensory analysis did not show significant differences between the commercial beverage and the IC beverage in the adult population. IC at 10 mg/mL was significantly less accepted in adolescents than the commercial beverage. Future work will include the reformulation of the IC beverage at 10 mg/mL, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, to increase its hedonic acceptance in all consumer segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B. López-Parra
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Irene Gómez-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Maite Iriondo-DeHond
- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), N-II km 38, 200, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Esther Villamediana Merino
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Vanesa Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jose A. Mendiola
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Amaia Iriondo-DeHond
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores del Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.L.-P.); (I.G.-D.); (E.V.M.); (V.S.-M.); (J.A.M.)
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22
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Nishikawa T, Hirono T, Takeda R, Okudaira M, Ohya T, Watanabe K. Effects of 7-day quercetin intervention on motor unit activity and muscle contractile properties before and after resistance exercise in young adults randomized controlled trials. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:447-458. [PMID: 38033306 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the alteration of the motor unit recruitment threshold (MURT) caused by quercetin ingestion intervention for 7 days modifies motor unit activation patterns before and after a single session of resistance exercise. Twenty young male and female adults were divided into two groups: ingestion of placebo (PLA) or quercetin glycosides at 200 mg/day (QUE). High-density surface electromyography during submaximal contractions was measured to assess the motor unit firing rate (MUFR) and MURT of the vastus lateralis muscle before (PRE) and after (POST) resistance exercise (DAY1). The same measurements were repeated after 7 days of placebo or quercetin glycoside ingestion (DAY8). In QUE, MURT decreased more from DAY1-PRE to DAY8-PRE (29.1 ± 9.1 to 27.1 ± 9.5% MVC, p < 0.001) but not in PLA (29.8 ± 10.4 to 28.9 ± 9.7% MVC, p < 0.167). For percentage change in MUFR following resistance exercise, there was a significant interaction (day × group, p < 0.001). The degree of changes in MURT from DAY1-PRE to DAY8-PRE was significantly correlated with the percentage change of MUFR from DAY8-PRE to DAY8-POST in QUE (p = 0.014, r = -0.363) but not in PLA (p = 0.518). The study suggests that 7-day quercetin ingestion alters the motor unit recruitment pattern, and this may induce changes in motor unit firing patterns during a single session of resistance training (Trial registration: UMIN000052255, R000059650).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okudaira
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohya
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
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23
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Horiuchi M, Nagahara R. Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on kinematics and kinetics of sprinting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14595. [PMID: 38458991 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the acute effects of caffeine supplementation (6 mg・kg-1 ) on 60-m sprint performance and underlying components with a step-to-step ground reaction force measurement in 13 male sprinters. After the first round sprint as a control, caffeine supplementation-induced improvement in 60-m sprint times (7.811 s at the first versus 7.648 s at the second round, 2.05%) were greater compared with the placebo condition (7.769 s at the first versus 7.768 s at the second round, 0.02%). Using average values for every four steps, in the caffeine condition, higher running speed (all six step groups), higher step frequency (5th-16th and 21st-24th step groups), shorter support time (all the step groups except for 13th-16th step) and shorter braking time (9th-24th step groups) were found. Regarding ground reaction forces variables, greater braking mean force (13th-19th step group), propulsive mean force (1st-12th and 17th-20th step groups), and effective vertical mean force (9th-12th step group) were found in the caffeine condition. For the block clearance phase at the sprint start, push-off and reaction times did not change, while higher total anteroposterior mean force, average horizontal external power, and ratio of force were found in the caffeine condition. These results indicate that, compared with placebo, acute caffeine supplementation improved sprint performance regardless of sprint sections during the entire acceleration phase from the start through increases in step frequency with decreases in support time. Moreover, acute caffeine supplementation promoted increases in the propulsive mean force, resulting in the improvement of sprint performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horiuchi
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in KANOYA, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryu Nagahara
- Faculty of Sport and Budo Coaching Studies, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in KANOYA Shiromizu-1, Kagoshima, Japan
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24
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Trujillo-Colmena D, Fernández-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Castaño A, Casado A, Del Coso J. Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists. Nutrients 2024; 16:668. [PMID: 38474796 PMCID: PMC10933887 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ergogenic effects of acute caffeine intake on endurance cycling performance lasting ~1 h have been well documented in controlled laboratory studies. However, the potential benefits of caffeine supplementation in cycling disciplines such as cross-country/mountain biking have been rarely studied. In cross-country cycling, performance is dependent on endurance capacity, which may be enhanced by caffeine, but also on the technical ability of the cyclist to overcome the obstacles of the course. So, it is possible that the potential benefits of caffeine are not translated to cross-country cycling. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine intake, in the form of coffee, on endurance performance during a cross-country cycling time trial. Eleven recreational cross-country cyclists (mean ± SD: age: 22 ± 3 years; nine males and two females) participated in a single-blinded, randomised, counterbalanced and crossover experiment. After familiarisation with the cross-country course, participants completed two identical experimental trials after the ingestion of: (a) 3.00 mg/kg of caffeine in the form of soluble coffee or (b) 0.04 mg/kg of caffeine in the form of decaffeinated soluble coffee as a placebo. Drinks were ingested 60 min before performing a 13.90 km cross-country time trial over a course with eight sectors of varying technical difficulty. The time to complete the trial and the mean and the maximum speed were measured through Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Heart rate was obtained through a heart rate monitor. At the end of the time trial, participants indicated their perceived level of fatigue using the traditional Borg scale. In comparison to the placebo, caffeine intake in the form of coffee significantly reduced the time to complete the trial by 4.93 ± 4.39% (43.20 ± 7.35 vs. 41.17 ± 6.18 min; p = 0.011; effect size [ES] = 0.300). Caffeine intake reduced the time to complete four out of eight sectors with different categories of technical difficulty (p ≤ 0.010; ES = 0.386 to 0.701). Mean heart rate was higher with caffeine (169 ± 6 vs. 162 ± 13 bpm; p = 0.046; ES = 0.788) but the rating of perceived exertion at the end of the trial was similar with caffeinated coffee than with the placebo (16 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 2 a.u.; p = 0.676; ES = 0.061). In conclusion, the intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine delivered via soluble coffee reduced the time to complete a cross-country cycling trial in recreational cyclists. These results suggest that caffeine ingested as coffee may be an ergogenic substance for cross-country cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trujillo-Colmena
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (D.T.-C.); (J.F.-S.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- Program of Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Ph.D. International School, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Sánchez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (D.T.-C.); (J.F.-S.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Castaño
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (D.T.-C.); (J.F.-S.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.)
| | - Arturo Casado
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (D.T.-C.); (J.F.-S.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (D.T.-C.); (J.F.-S.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.)
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25
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Avcu EC, Çınar V, Yasul Y, Akbulut T, Pancar Z, Aydemir IS, Aydin S, Yalcin MH, Aydin S. Effects of an energy drink on myonectin in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of exercised rats. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:69-75. [PMID: 38293763 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2305113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Myonectin is a hormone that is produced mainly by skeletal muscle. We investigated the effects of exercise and energy drink (ED) administration on myonectin expression in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney tissue in rats; myonectin is produced by all three tissues. We used 28 male albino rats in four groups: untreated control (C), exercise (E), energy drink (ED) and exercise + energy drink (E + ED). The E and E + ED groups were exercised using a treadmill for 4 weeks. We also administered 3.5 ml/kg/day ED during week 1, 7 ml/kg/day during week 2 and 10 ml/kg/day during weeks 3 and 4 in the E and E + ED groups. We used ELISA to measure the levels of myonectin in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney tissues. We used immunohistochemical staining to investigate the localization and intensity of myonectin in these tissues. The amount of myonectin in skeletal muscle tissue was increased significantly in all experimental groups compared to group C. The amount of myonectin in the ED group was significantly greater than group E. No significant difference was observed in liver tissue; however, the amount of myonectin in the liver of group C was the greatest among all groups. The amount of myonectin in kidney tissue exhibited no significant difference among groups. Consumption of ED during exercise increased the amount of myonectin in kidney and skeletal muscle tissues and decreased it in liver tissue. We suggest that consumption of ED might adapt metabolism to incresed exercise by controling synthesis of myonectin in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emsal Cagla Avcu
- Department of Coaching Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Vedat Çınar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Fırat University, Elaziğ, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yasul
- Property Protection and Security Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Taner Akbulut
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Fırat University, Elaziğ, Turkey
| | - Zarife Pancar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - I Sa Aydemir
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Fırat University, Elaziğ, Turkey
| | - Suna Aydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | | | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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26
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Valero F, González-Mohíno F, Salinero JJ. Belief That Caffeine Ingestion Improves Performance in a 6-Minute Time Trial Test without Affecting Pacing Strategy. Nutrients 2024; 16:327. [PMID: 38276565 PMCID: PMC10819016 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the placebo effect associated with caffeine ingestion on running performance. METHODS Thirteen recreationally trained males in long-distance running (age: 38.5 ± 11.9 years, 11.0 ± 8.8 years of running experience) performed a 6 min time trial test in each experimental condition (caffeine-informed/placebo ingested (placebo) and non-ingested (control)) separated by 7 days. The total distance covered was measured, and partial times of each 400 m were used to analyze the pacing strategy. Heart rate and kinematic variables were recorded for each split. In addition, the rate of perceived exertion and prevalence of caffeine side effects was measured using questionnaires. RESULTS Placebo ingestion improved running performance in the 6 min time trial test (1668 ± 139 m placebo vs. 1642 ± 158 m control, t = 2.49; p = 0.03; moderate ES = 0.69), while pacing, heart rate, RPE, and kinematic variables were similar between conditions (p > 0.05 in all cases). Minor side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Beliefs of caffeine ingestion can improve running performance at speeds around maximal aerobic speed in recreationally trained runners without affecting pacing strategy so this "nutritional" strategy could be useful in competition scenarios. As a practical application, recreationally trained runners could improve ≈5 s in 1500 m or mile competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valero
- Sport Training Lab, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.V.); (F.G.-M.)
| | - Fernando González-Mohíno
- Sport Training Lab, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.V.); (F.G.-M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Salinero
- Sport Training Lab, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (F.V.); (F.G.-M.)
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Fernández-Sánchez J, Trujillo-Colmena D, Rodríguez-Castaño A, Lavín-Pérez AM, Del Coso J, Casado A, Collado-Mateo D. Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation Rate during Fed-State Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:207. [PMID: 38257100 PMCID: PMC10819049 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-exercise intake of caffeine (from ~3 to 9 mg/kg) has been demonstrated as an effective supplementation strategy to increase fat oxidation during fasted exercise. However, a pre-exercise meal can alter the potential effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise as caffeine modifies postprandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Hypothetically, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation may be reduced or even withdrawn during fed-state exercise. The present systematic review aimed to meta-analyse investigations on the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise performed in the fed state (last meal < 5 h before exercise). A total of 18 crossover trials with randomised and placebo-controlled protocols and published between 1982 and 2021 were included, with a total of 228 participants (185 males and 43 females). Data were extracted to compare rates of fat oxidation during exercise with placebo and caffeine at the same exercise intensity, which reported 20 placebo-caffeine pairwise comparisons. A meta-analysis of the studies was performed, using the standardised mean difference (SMD) estimated from Hedges' g, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In comparison with the placebo, caffeine increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (number of comparisons (n) = 20; p = 0.020, SMD = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.20). Only studies with a dose < 6 mg/kg of caffeine (n = 13) increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (p = 0.004, SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.45), while no such effect was observed in studies with doses ≥6 mg/kg (n = 7; p = 0.97, SMD = -0.03, 95% CI = -1.40 to 1.35). The effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise was observed in active untrained individuals (n = 13; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.30) but not in aerobically trained participants (n = 7; p = 0.27, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.39 to 1.39). Likewise, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation was observed in caffeine-naïve participants (n = 9; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.19) but not in caffeine consumers (n = 3; p = 0.54, SMD = 0.57, 95% CI = -1.23 to 2.37). In conclusion, acute caffeine intake in combination with a meal ingested within 5 h before the onset of exercise increased the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise. The magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise may be modulated by the dose of caffeine administered (higher with <6 mg/kg than with ≥6 mg/kg), participants' aerobic fitness level (higher in active than in aerobically trained individuals), and habituation to caffeine (higher in caffeine-naïve than in caffeine consumers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Sánchez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Trujillo-Colmena
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Castaño
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
- GO fitLAB, Ingesport, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Arturo Casado
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
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Almeida BA, Morales AP, Ribeiro JRC, Sampaio-Jorge F, Ribeiro YG, Barth T, Ribeiro BG. Impact of Caffeine Intake Strategies on Heart Rate Variability during Post-Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:87-100. [PMID: 38494935 PMCID: PMC11284693 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x289842240307114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the influence of caffeine (CAF) intake strategies, taking into account their form, timing, and dosage, on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the post-exercise recovery period. METHODS The meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023425885). A comprehensive literature search was carried out across MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and SCOPUS, concluding in May 2023. We concentrated on randomized clinical trials comparing CAF supplementation effects to placebo on HRV indices post-exercise in active adults aged 18 and above. The primary endpoint was the assessment of HRV indices, measured both prior to and following exercise. RESULTS Of the 10 studies included, 7 were used for the meta-analysis, and all contributed to the systematic review. The research explored a variety of CAF strategies, spanning different forms (capsule, drink, gum), times (10, 45, 60 min) and doses (2.1 to 6.0 mg/kg). The outcomes revealed no substantial variations between the placebo and CAF conditions in terms of both the square root of the average of successive squared differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.03, 95% CI -0.265 to 0.197, p=0.77) and high frequency (HF) index (SMD -0.061, 95% CI -0.272 to 0.150, p=0.57). Furthermore, metaregression analysis, employing a fixed-effects model and accounting for the administered CAF doses, revealed no significant correlation between caffeine doses and HRV indices (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that different CAF intake strategies, encompassing aspects such as form, time, and dose, do not have a significant impact on HRV indices recovery post-exercise (i.e., vagal modulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Araujo Almeida
- Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson Pontes Morales
- Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Macaé Sports Secretary, City Government of Macaé (PMM), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology for Health, Performance, and Physical Education (LAPHPE), Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA (ISECENSA), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Sampaio-Jorge
- Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Macaé Sports Secretary, City Government of Macaé (PMM), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology for Health, Performance, and Physical Education (LAPHPE), Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA (ISECENSA), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Garcia Ribeiro
- Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barth
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Research and Innovation Laboratory in Sports and Nutrition Sciences (LAPICEN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tsai KZ, Huang WC, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Moderate or greater daily coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese militaries: results from the CHIEF cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1321916. [PMID: 38156279 PMCID: PMC10752930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1321916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Daily moderate coffee intake was found with a lower risk of specific metabolic abnormalities, e.g., hypertension and hyperglycemia, while the association of coffee intake and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clarified in prior studies, particularly in young adults. Methods A total of 2,890 military personnel, aged 18-39 years, free of MetS were followed for incident MetS from baseline (2014) until the end of 2020 in Taiwan. Daily coffee amount consumed was grouped to those ≥3 cups or 600 mL (moderate or more amount) and those without. Incidence of MetS was identified in annual health examinations. MetS was diagnosed on the basis of the guideline of the International Diabetes Federation. Multivariable Cox regression model with adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, physical activity and substance use status at baseline was performed to determine the association. Results At baseline, there were 145 subjects with daily coffee intake ≥3 cups or 600 mL (5.0%) in the overall cohort. During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 673 incident MetS (23.3%) were found. As compared to those consuming less coffee or none, those consuming daily coffee ≥3 cups had a lower risk of MetS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.48, 0.99)]. Conclusion This study suggests that adhering to the guideline recommended moderate or greater daily coffee consumption for promoting health, may confer advantages in preventing the development of MetS among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen CH, Wu SH, Shiu YJ, Yu SY, Chiu CH. Acute enhancement of Romanian deadlift performance after consumption of caffeinated chewing gum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22016. [PMID: 38086915 PMCID: PMC10716112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the consumption of caffeinated chewing gum on the performance of Romanian deadlift on the flywheel training device. A total of 19 participants completed a randomized, cross-over, single-blind experiment with food-grade caffeinated chewing gum trial (CAF) or placebo trail (PL). Gum were chewed for 10 min and rest for 15 min prior to the Romanian deadlift test using the inertial resistance training machine. 5 sets of 6 Romanian deadlifts were performed, with a 3-min rest between sets, followed by a 7-day washout period before the next set of trials. The average power, average force, total peak power, peak concentric power, peak eccentric power, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for each trials were analyzed using paired-T test. Compared to placebo, caffeinated chewing gum trial enhanced peak concentric power (P = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.44), peak eccentric power (P = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.55), average power (P = 0.013, Cohen's d = 0.43), and total work (P = 0.026, Cohen's d = 0.28). However, in average force (P = 0.063, Cohen's d = 0.50), RPE (P = 0.266), and heart rate (P = 0.143), were no significant differences between trials. Caffeinated chewing gum with a dose of caffeine of 200 mg for 10 min may acutely enhance Romanian deadlift performance on the flywheel machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Toxicology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Shiu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No. 16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yan Yu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No. 16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No. 16, Sec. 1, Shuang-Shih Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Lowery LM, Anderson DE, Scanlon KF, Stack A, Escalante G, Campbell SC, Kerksick CM, Nelson MT, Ziegenfuss TN, VanDusseldorp TA, Kalman DS, Campbell BI, Kreider RB, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: coffee and sports performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2237952. [PMID: 37498180 PMCID: PMC10375938 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2237952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the contents and physiological effects of coffee related to physical and cognitive performance conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society:(1) Coffee is a complex matrix of hundreds of compounds. These are consumed with broad variability based upon serving size, bean type (e.g. common Arabica vs. Robusta), and brew method (water temperature, roasting method, grind size, time, and equipment).(2) Coffee's constituents, including but not limited to caffeine, have neuromuscular, antioxidant, endocrine, cognitive, and metabolic (e.g. glucose disposal and vasodilation) effects that impact exercise performance and recovery.(3) Coffee's physiologic effects are influenced by dose, timing, habituation to a small degree (to coffee or caffeine), nutrigenetics, and potentially by gut microbiota differences, sex, and training status.(4) Coffee and/or its components improve performance across a temporal range of activities from reaction time, through brief power exercises, and into the aerobic time frame in most but not all studies. These broad and varied effects have been demonstrated in men (mostly) and in women, with effects that can differ from caffeine ingestion, per se. More research is needed.(5) Optimal dosing and timing are approximately two to four cups (approximately 473-946 ml or 16-32 oz.) of typical hot-brewed or reconstituted instant coffee (depending on individual sensitivity and body size), providing a caffeine equivalent of 3-6 mg/kg (among other components such as chlorogenic acids at approximately 100-400 mg per cup) 60 min prior to exercise.(6) Coffee has a history of controversy regarding side effects but is generally considered safe and beneficial for healthy, exercising individuals in the dose range above.(7) Coffee can serve as a vehicle for other dietary supplements, and it can interact with nutrients in other foods.(8) A dearth of literature exists examining coffee-specific ergogenic and recovery effects, as well as variability in the operational definition of "coffee," making conclusions more challenging than when examining caffeine in its many other forms of delivery (capsules, energy drinks, "pre-workout" powders, gum, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie M Lowery
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
- Nutrition, Exercise and Wellness Associates, Cuyahoga Falls, USA
| | - Dawn E Anderson
- Indiana Institute of Technology, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Fort Wayne, USA
| | - Kelsey F Scanlon
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Stack
- University of Mount Union, Department of Exercise, Nutrition, and Sport Science Alliance, USA
| | | | - Sara C Campbell
- The State University of New Jersey, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, USA
| | | | | | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Bonafide Health, LLC p/b JDS Therapeutics, Harrison, USA
- Jacksonville University, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Douglas S Kalman
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Nutrition, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Bill I Campbell
- University of South Florida, Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Tampa, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, USA
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J, Espada MC, Hernández-Beltrán V, Ferreira CC, Varillas-Delgado D, Mendoza Laiz N, Roberts JD, Gamonales JM. Research Trends in the Effect of Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4320. [PMID: 37892395 PMCID: PMC10609622 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, numerous studies pertaining to research groups worldwide have investigated the effects of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation at rest, during exercise, and after exercise. However, there is no bibliometric analysis to assess the large volume of scientific output associated with this topic. A bibliometric analysis of this topic may be used by researchers to assess the current scientific interest in the application of caffeine as a nutritional strategy to augment fat oxidation, the journals with more interest in this type of publication, and to draw international collaborations between groups working in the same area. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to assess the research activity regarding oral caffeine intake and fat oxidation rate in the last few decades by conducting a bibliometric and visual analysis. Relevant publications from 1992 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Quantitative and qualitative variables were collected, including the number of publications and citations, H-indexes, journals of citation reports, co-authorship, co-citation, and the co-occurrence of keywords. There were 182 total publications, while the number of annual publications is saw-shaped with a modest increase of 11.3% from 2000 to 2009 to 2010 to 2019. The United States was the country with the highest number of publications (24.17% of the total number of articles), followed by the Netherlands (17.03%). According to citation analyses, the average number of citations per document is 130, although there are 21 documents that have received more than 100 citations; the most cited document reached 644 citations. These citation data support the overall relevance of this topic in the fields of nutrition and dietetics and sport sciences that when combined harbored 85.71% of all articles published in the WoS. The most productive author was Westerterp-Plantenga with 16 articles (8.79% of the total number of articles). Nutrients was the journal that published the largest number of articles on this topic (6.59% of the total number of articles). Last, there is a tendency to include keywords such as "performance", "carbohydrate", and "ergogenic aid" in the newer articles, while "obesity", "thermogenic", and "tea" are the keywords more commonly included in older documents. Although research into the role of caffeine on fat oxidation has existed since the 1970s, our analysis suggests that the scientific output associated with this topic has progressively increased since 1992, demonstrating that this is a nutritional research area with a strong foundational base of scientific evidence. Based on the findings of this bibliometric analysis, future investigation may consider focusing on the effects of sex and tolerance to caffeine to widen the assessment of the effectiveness of oral caffeine intake as a nutritional strategy to augment the use of fat as a fuel, as these terms rarely appear in the studies included in this analysis. Additionally, more translational research is necessary as the studies that investigate the effect of oral caffeine intake in ecologically valid contexts (i.e., exercise training programs for individuals with excessive adiposity) are only a minor part of the studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Mário C Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cátia C Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Varillas-Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Nuria Mendoza Laiz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Justin D Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - José M Gamonales
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado en Educación y Tecnología, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
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Abstract
Several pre-workout supplements contain niacin, although the exercise performance effects of niacin are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the performance effects of niacin versus caffeine as a pre-workout supplement. Twenty-five untrained males were recruited to complete three identical ramped aerobic cycling exercise trials. Participants were administered caffeine (CA) at 5 mg/kg body weight, 1000 mg niacin (NI), or a methylcelluloce placebo (PL) supplement prior to each trial. NI treatment induced significantly higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise compared to the CA treatment, but not the PL treatment (PL=0.87±0.08, NI=0.91±0.08, CA=0.87±0.08; p=0.02). Similarly, exercise time to exhaustion (in minutes) was significantly different between the NI treatment and the CA treatment, but not the PL treatment (PL=27.45±4.47, NI=26.30±4.91, CA=28.76±4.86; p<0.01). Habitual caffeine use (p=0.16), habitual aerobic exercise (p=0.60), and habitual resistance exercise (p=0.10) did not significantly affect RER. Similarly, habitual caffeine use (p=0.72), habitual aerobic exercise (p=0.08), and habitual resistance exercise (p=0.39) did not significantly affect total work performed. The elevated RER and decreased time to exhaustion in the NI treatment suggests limited lipid availability during exercise and impaired exercise performance.
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Ben Waer F, Laatar R, Jouira G, Lahiani M, Rebai H, Sahli S. Effects of 12 weeks of caffeine supplementation and Zumba training on postural balance and cognitive performances in middle-aged women. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1601-1621. [PMID: 37279332 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2219991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The researchers aimed to examine the effect of 12-week supplementing (100 mg/day) caffeine with Zumba training on postural and cognitive performances in middle-aged women. Fifty-six middle-aged women who participated in this study, were randomized into; a caffeine-Zumba (CZG), Zumba (ZG) and control groups. In two-testing sessions, postural balance was evaluated using a stabilometric platform, and for cognitive performances, Simple Reaction Time and Corsi Block-Tapping Task tests were used. We found that ZG and CZG showed a significant improvement in postural balance on the firm surface condition (p < .05) in the post- compared to pretest session. Whereas, ZG showed no significant improvement in postural performance on the foam surface condition. Only CZG revealed significant enhancements (p < .05) in cognitive and postural, in the foam surface condition, performances. In conclusion, supplementing caffeine with 12-week Zumba training was effective in improving both cognitive and postural balance, even in challenging conditions, performances in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb Laatar
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Lahiani
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Filip-Stachnik A, Krzysztofik M, Del Coso J, Pałka T, Sadowska-Krępa E. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Resistance Training Volume, Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance and Muscle Damage Markers Following a Session of Full-Body Resistance Exercise in Resistance-Trained Men Habituated to Caffeine. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:436-446. [PMID: 37711718 PMCID: PMC10499132 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
No previous study has analyzed the impact of caffeine intake on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage following resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 3 mg/kg of caffeine on the number of repetitions and the prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage after a session of full-body resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men habituated to caffeine participated in a randomized, crossover and double-blind experiment. Each participant performed two identical resistance training sessions after the intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo. Blood was collected before and 60 min after substance intake, just after exercise, 60 minutes after exercise, and 24 hours after testing to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, uric acid) levels of oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde) and muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase). There were no significant differences between placebo and caffeine conditions in the total number of repetitions (180 ± 15 vs 185 ± 14 repetitions, respectively; p = 0.276; Effect size [ES] = 0.34), the total time under tension (757 ± 71 vs 766 ± 56 s, respectively; p = 0.709; ES = 0.14) or the rating of perceived exertion (13.8 ± 2.7 vs 14.7 ± 2.7 a.u., respectively; p = 0.212; ES = 0.32). Reduced glutathione concentration obtained 1 hour after exercise was higher with caffeine than with placebo (p = 0.047), without significant difference between conditions for any other prooxidant-oxidant or muscle damage marker at any time point (p > 0.050 for all). The oral intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine by resistance-trained men habituated to caffeine did not enhance the number of repetitions during a medium load full-body resistance training session to failure and had a minimal impact on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance and muscle damage. The study was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT05230303.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain, Madrid
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
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Abbotts KSS, Ewell TR, Bomar MC, Butterklee HM, Bell C. Caffeine Augments the Lactate and Interleukin-6 Response to Moderate-Intensity Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:982-990. [PMID: 36719416 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The release of interleukin (IL)-6 from contracting skeletal muscle is thought to contribute to some of the health benefits bestowed by exercise. This IL-6 response seems proportional to exercise volume and to lactate production. Unfortunately, high volumes of exercise are not feasible for all people. Caffeine augments the magnitude of increase in circulating IL-6 in response to high-intensity and long-duration exercise. Caffeine also increases circulating concentrations of lactate during exercise. We hypothesized that caffeine, ingested before short-duration, moderate-intensity exercise, would lead to greater circulating concentrations of lactate and IL-6 in a study population comprising both male and female individuals. METHODS Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women age 25 ± 7 yr (mean ± SD)) completed 30 min of moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise, at an intensity corresponding to 60% peak oxygen uptake, after ingesting either caffeine (6 mg·kg -1 ) or placebo. Arterialized-venous blood was collected throughout each of the exercise sessions. RESULTS Compared with placebo, caffeine increased circulating concentrations of lactate at the end of exercise (5.12 ± 3.67 vs 6.45 ± 4.40 mmol·L -1 , P < 0.001) and after 30 min of inactive recovery (1.83 ± 1.59 vs 2.32 ± 2.09 mmol·L -1 , P = 0.006). Circulating IL-6 concentrations were greatest after 30 min of inactive recovery ( P < 0.001) and higher with caffeine (2.88 ± 2.05 vs 4.18 ± 2.97, pg·mL -1 , P < 0.001). Secondary analysis indicated sex differences; caffeine increased the IL-6 response to exercise in men ( P = 0.035) but not in women ( P = 0.358). CONCLUSIONS In response to moderate-intensity exercise, caffeine evoked greater circulating lactate concentrations in men and women but only increased the IL-6 response to exercise in men. These novel findings suggest that for men unwilling or unable to perform high-intensity and/or long-duration exercise, caffeine may augment the health benefits of relatively short, moderate-intensity exercise.
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Park SY, Karantenislis G, Rosen HT, Sun H. Effects of energy drinks on myogenic differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8481. [PMID: 37231025 PMCID: PMC10213057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks, often advertised as dietary supplements that enhance physical and mental performance, have gained increasing popularity among adolescents and athletes. Several studies on individual ingredients such as caffeine or taurine have reported either adverse or favorable influences on myogenic differentiation, a key process in muscle regeneration to repair microtears after an intense workout session. However, the impact of different energy drinks with various formulas on muscle differentiation has never been reported. This study aims to examine the in vitro effects of various energy drink brands on myogenic differentiation. Murine C2C12 myoblast cells were induced to differentiate into myotubes in the presence of one of eight energy drinks at varying dilutions. A dose-dependent inhibition of myotube formation was observed for all energy drinks, supported by reduced percentage of MHC-positive nuclei and fusion index. Moreover, expression of myogenic regulatory factor MyoG and differentiation marker MCK were also decreased. Furthermore, given the variation in formulas of different energy drinks, there were remarkable differences in the differentiation and fusion of myotubes between energy drinks. This is the first study to investigate the impact of various energy drinks on myogenic differentiation and our results suggest an inhibitory effect of energy drinks in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | | | - Hannah T Rosen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Lattari E, Vieira LAF, Santos LER, Jesus Abreu MA, Rodrigues GM, de Oliveira BRR, Machado S, Maranhão Neto GA, Santos TM. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With or Without Caffeine: Effects on Training Volume and Pain Perception. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:45-54. [PMID: 35025723 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1939251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of tDCS combined with caffeine intake on training volume and pain perception in the bench press in resistance-trained males. The correlation between training volume and pain perception was also assessed in all interventions. Methods: Sixteen healthy males (age = 25.2 ± 4.7 years, body mass = 82.8 ± 9.1 kg, and height = 178.3 ± 5.7 cm), advanced in RT, were randomized and counterbalanced for the following experimental conditions: Sham tDCS with placebo intake (Sham+Pla), Sham tDCS with caffeine intake (Sham+Caff), anodal tDCS with placebo intake (a-tDCS+Pla), and anodal tDCS with caffeine intake (a-tDCS+Caff). The caffeine or placebo ingestion (both with 5 mg.kg-1) occurred 40 minutes before the tDCS sessions. The tDCS was applied over the left DLPFC for 20 minutes, with a 2 mA current intensity. After the tDCS sessions, participants performed the bench press with an 80% of 1RM load, where training volume and pain perception were measured. Results: Training volume was higher in the 1st and 2nd sets in both a-tDCS+Caff and Sham+Caff conditions, compared to the Sham+Pla condition (P < .05). Both a-tDCS+Caff and a-tDCS+Pla showed an increased pain perception during the third set compared to the first set. Also, no correlation was found between the number of repetitions and pain perception in any condition (P > .05). Conclusion: This research revealed that caffeine intake alone could be used as an ergogenic aid during resistance training programs in resistance-trained males.
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Does Caffeine Increase Fat Metabolism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:112-120. [PMID: 36495873 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether caffeine (CAF) increases fat metabolism remains debatable. Using systematic review coupled with meta-analysis, our aim was to determine effects of CAF on fat metabolism and the relevant factors moderating this effect. Electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched using the following string: CAF AND (fat OR lipid) AND (metabolism OR oxidation). A meta-analytic approach aggregated data from 94 studies examining CAF's effect on fat metabolism assessed by different biomarkers. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.30, 0.47], p < .001), indicating a small effect of CAF to increase fat metabolism; however, ES was significantly higher (p < .001) based on blood biomarkers (e.g., free fatty acids, glycerol) (ES = 0.55, 95% CI [0.43, 0.67]) versus expired gas analysis (respiratory exchange ratio, calculated fat oxidation) (ES = 0.26, 95% CI [0.16, 0.37]), although both were greater than zero. Fat metabolism increased to a greater extent (p = .02) during rest (ES = 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.62]) versus exercise (ES = 0.35, 95% CI [0.26, 0.44]) across all studies, although ES was not different for studies reporting both conditions (ES = 0.49 and 0.44, respectively). There were no subgroup differences based on participants' fitness level, sex, or CAF dosage. CAF ingestion increases fat metabolism but is more consistent with blood biomarkers versus whole-body gas exchange measures. CAF has a small effect during rest across all studies, although similar to exercise when compared within the same study. CAF dosage did not moderate this effect.
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The Long Way to Establish the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine on Strength Performance: An Overview Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051178. [PMID: 36904177 PMCID: PMC10005568 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview review aimed to describe the evolution of the characteristics of the research on caffeine effects on strength. A total of 189 experimental studies with 3459 participants were included. The median sample size was 15 participants, with an over-representation of men vs. women (79.4 vs. 20.6%). Studies on young participants and elders were scarce (4.2%). Most studies tested a single dose of caffeine (87.3%), while 72.0% used doses adjusted to body mass. Single-dose studies ranged from 1.7 to 7 mg/kg (4.8 ± 1.4 mg/kg), while dose-response studies ranged from 1 to 12 mg/kg. Caffeine was mixed with other substances in 27.0% of studies, although only 10.1% of studies analyzed the caffeine interaction with these substances. Capsules (51.9%) and beverages (41.3%) were the most common forms of caffeine administration. Similar proportions of studies focused on upper (24.9%) or lower body strength 37.6% (37.6% both). Participants' daily intake of caffeine was reported in 68.3% of studies. Overall, the pattern in the study of caffeine's effects on strength performance has been carried out with experiments including 11-15 adults, using a single and moderate dose of caffeine adjusted to participants' body mass in the form of a capsule.
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AdibSaber F, Ansari S, Elmieh A, Rajabzadeh H. Effect of an Energy Drink On Muscle and Liver Damage Enzymes, And Cardiovascular Indices in Soccer Players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023; 7:8-14. [PMID: 35260042 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2051728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence about the influence of energy drinks on the quality of athletes' performance, there is little information about their effects on exercise-induced damage markers after long-term activities. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of hype energy drink (HED) to ameliorate liver and muscle damage enzymes and cardiovascular indices-induced by a soccer match. A total of 22 elite male soccer players (age 20.36 ± 1.91) were recruited. Participants performed two experimental conditions, separated by a 14-day washout period. They consumed 2 × 250 ml of HED or placebo for 5 d before the soccer match, on match day, and for 1-day post-match. Measurements of muscle (CK and LDH), and liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) damage indices, and blood pressure (BP) parameters were taken at baseline, pre-match, post-match, and 24 h post-match. The results showed that the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CPK, and LDH enzymes significantly decreased in HED condition from pre-match to 24 h post-match, compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Also, consumption of energy drinks reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean BP. In conclusion, elevated serum levels of muscle and liver damage enzymes and higher values of BP indices are improved 24 hours after soccer match following HED ingestion, compared to placebo. Therefore, it seems that consuming HED can lead to faster recovery of muscle and liver damage and improve recovery in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh AdibSaber
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soleyman Ansari
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Elmieh
- Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabzadeh
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
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Combined long-term enriched environment and caffeine supplementation improve memory function in C57Bl6 mice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:269-281. [PMID: 35676374 PMCID: PMC9958139 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity has been associated with healthy brain aging, reflected by beneficial effects on cognition and learning and memory. Nutritional supplements such as caffeine have been shown to act as cognitive enhancers and may possess neuroprotective properties. Interestingly, caffeine also improves athletic capabilities and is widely used by athletes because of its performance-enhancing effect, while information on potential additive beneficial effects of physical activity and caffeine on cognitive performance is scarce. In the present study, the effects of caffeine supplementation in combination with prolonged physical and cognitive stimulation in the form of the enriched environment (EE) housing for a duration of 4 months were analyzed. We demonstrate that caffeine supplementation together with prolonged environmental enrichment led to enhanced memory function, resulting in improved recognition and spatial working memory in behavioral paradigms such as the novel object recognition task or the Morris water maze in C57Bl6 wild-type mice. Mice housed under EE conditions showed increased gene expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. The present findings underscore the potential impact of continuous physical activity in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and may offer new options for combinatorial approaches.
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Wang Z, Qiu B, Gao J, Del Coso J. Effects of Caffeine Intake on Endurance Running Performance and Time to Exhaustion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 15:148. [PMID: 36615805 PMCID: PMC9824573 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is one of the most widely consumed performance-enhancing substances in sport due to its well-established ergogenic effects. The use of caffeine is more common in aerobic-based sports due to the ample evidence endorsing the benefits of caffeine supplementation on endurance exercise. However, most of this evidence was established with cycling trials in the laboratory, while the effects of the acute intake of caffeine on endurance running performance have not been properly reviewed and meta-analyzed. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature on the effects of caffeine intake on endurance running performance. A systematic review of published studies was performed in four different scientific databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and SportDiscus) up until 5 October 2022 (with no year restriction applied to the search strategy). The selected studies were crossover experimental trials in which the ingestion of caffeine was compared to a placebo situation in a single- or double-blind randomized manner. The effect of caffeine on endurance running was measured by time to exhaustion or time trials. We assessed the methodological quality of each study using Cochrane’s risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) estimated by Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis, with caffeine doses ranging between 3 and 9 mg/kg. A total of 21 studies were included in the systematic review, with a total sample of 254 participants (220 men, 19 women and 15 participants with no information about gender; 167 were categorized as recreational and 87 were categorized as trained runners.). The overall methodological quality of studies was rated as unclear-to-low risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed that the time to exhaustion in running tests was improved with caffeine (g = 0.392; 95% CI = 0.214 to 0.571; p < 0.001, magnitude = medium). Subgroup analysis revealed that caffeine was ergogenic for time to exhaustion trials in both recreational runners (g = 0.469; 95% CI = 0.185 to 0.754; p = 0.001, magnitude = medium) and trained runners (g = 0.344; 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.566; p = 0.002, magnitude = medium). The meta-analysis also showed that the time to complete endurance running time trials was reduced with caffeine in comparison to placebo (g = −0.101; 95% CI = −0.190 to −0.012, p = 0.026, magnitude = small). In summary, caffeine intake showed a meaningful ergogenic effect in increasing the time to exhaustion in running trials and improving performance in running time trials. Hence, caffeine may have utility as an ergogenic aid for endurance running events. More evidence is needed to establish the ergogenic effect of caffeine on endurance running in women or the best dose to maximize the ergogenic benefits of caffeine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Swimming, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bopeng Qiu
- College of Swimming, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Swimming, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Kwon RW, Park JS, Lee HG, Park JI, Choo EA, Lee SJ, Lee JB. Coffee intake may promote sudomotor function activation via the contribution of caffeine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051828. [PMID: 36570158 PMCID: PMC9774485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether drinking coffee with caffeine accelerates the sympathetic response to acetylcholine (ACh). Methods Tests were performed twice at 1-week intervals following the intake of coffee. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Group A was administered 16 fluid oz of water (CON), while Group B was given 16 fluid oz of coffee (Coffee). After 1 week, Group A was administered 16 fluid oz of coffee (Coffee), while Group B was given 16 fluid oz of water (CON). The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) was performed after intake of coffee and water and a 40 min break. QSART with iontophoresis and 10% ACh was performed to determine axon reflex (AXR) mediated with and without iontophoresis [AXR (1) and AXR (2), respectively], and directly activated sweating (DIR). Results The sweat onset time of the AXR was shorter in the Coffee compared with the CON (p < 0.05). The sweat rates in AXR (1) AXR (2) and DIR were significantly higher in the Coffee than in the CON (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the Coffee showed significantly higher density of activated sweat glands and activated sweat gland output than the CON (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). The overall results of this study showed that coffee intake could stimulate higher activation in both AXR and DIR sweat responses. Conclusion Coffee intake can improve sweating sensitivity in both the AXR and DIR by the contribution of caffeine contained in coffee. This suggests that other compounds in coffee may not inhibit the sympathetic response to ACh. Therefore, coffee may be clinically worth considering as a supplement for the activation of the cholinergic and sudomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Won Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Gyoung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Ah Choo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jea Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea,Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Jeong-Beom Lee,
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Krolikowski TC, Borszcz FK, Panza VP, Bevilacqua LM, Nichele S, da Silva EL, Amboni RDMC, Guglielmo LGA, Phillips SM, de Lucas RD, Boaventura BCB. The Impact of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Meal on the Effects of Yerba Mate Drink on Metabolism, Performance, and Antioxidant Status in Trained Male Cyclists. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35841429 PMCID: PMC9287718 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FATox) during low–moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown.
Objective We investigated the effects of yerba mate drink (YMD) consumed in the fasted state (YMD-F) or after a CHO meal (YMD-CHO) on measurements of metabolism, performance, and blood oxidative stress markers in cycling exercise. Methods In a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover design, eight trained male cyclists ingested (i) YMD-CHO, (ii) YMD-F, or (iii) control-water and CHO meal (Control-CHO). The YMD (an infusion of 5 g of ultrarefined leaves in 250 mL of water) was taken for 7 days and 40 min before exercise. CHO meal (1 g/kg body mass) was consumed 60 min before exercise. The cycling protocol included a 40-min low-intensity (~ 53% V̇O2peak) constant load test (CLT); a 20-min time trial (TT); and 4 × 10-s all-out sprints. Blood samples and respiratory gases were collected before, during, and/or after tests. Results During CLT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 13% vs. YMD-F (P = 0.041) and ~ 27% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). During TT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 160% vs. YMD-F (P < 0.001) and ~ 150% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). Power output during TT improved ~ 3% (P = 0.022) in YMD-CHO vs. Control-CHO and was strongly correlated with changes in serum total antioxidant capacity (r = −0.87) and oxidative stress index (r = 0.76) at post-exercise in YMD-CHO. Performance in sprints was not affected by YMD. Conclusion CHO intake did not negate the effect of YMD on FATox or TT performance. Instead, a synergism between the two dietary strategies may be present.
Clinical Trial Registration NCT04642144. November 18, 2020. Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00482-3.
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Acute Effects of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Volleyball Performance in High-Performance Female Players. J Hum Kinet 2022; 84:92-102. [DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To date, no investigation has studied the effect of acute intake of caffeinated chewing gum on volleyball performance. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to establish the impact of caffeinated chewing gum ingestion on physical performance in female volleyball players. Twelve high-performance volleyball female athletes participated in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, and double-blind experiment. Each athlete performed two identical experimental sessions after a) ingestion of ~6.4 mg/kg of caffeine via caffeinated chewing gum, b) ingestion of non-caffeinated chewing gum as a placebo. After the ingestion of gum, athletes performed a volleyball game, and performance was assessed by a notational analysis. Just before and after the game, jump performance during block and attack actions was evaluated. The number of points obtained and the number of errors committed during serve, reception, attacking, and blocking actions were unaffected by the ingestion of caffeinated chewing gum (p from 0.066 to 0.890). However, caffeinated chewing gum increased jump attack height in comparison to the placebo (pre-game 46.0 ± 7.2 vs. 47.2 ± 6.7 cm, p = 0.032; post-game 46.3 ± 7.6 vs. 47.5 ± 6.9 cm, p = 0.022, respectively). Caffeinated chewing gum did not modify block jump height (pre-game 32.7 ± 5.5 and 33.0 ± 4.3 cm, p = 0.829; post-game: 34.8 ± 6.1, 35.4 ± 6.1 cm, p = 0.993, respectively). The ingestion of ~6.4 mg/kg of caffeine via caffeinated chewing gum was effective for improving jump attack performance in women volleyball athletes. However, this effect was not translated into better volleyball performance during a game.
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Tallis J, Guimaraes-Ferreira L, Clarke ND. Not Another Caffeine Effect on Sports Performance Study-Nothing New or More to Do? Nutrients 2022; 14:4696. [PMID: 36364958 PMCID: PMC9658326 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance-enhancing potential of acute caffeine consumption is firmly established with benefits for many aspects of physical performance and cognitive function summarised in a number of meta-analyses. Despite this, there remains near exponential growth in research articles examining the ergogenic effects of caffeine. Many such studies are confirmatory of well-established ideas, and with a wealth of convincing evidence available, the value of further investigation may be questioned. However, several important knowledge gaps remain. As such, the purpose of this review is to summarise key knowledge gaps regarding the current understanding of the performance-enhancing effect of caffeine and justify their value for future investigation. The review will provide a particular focus on ten research priorities that will aid in the translation of caffeine's ergogenic potential to real-world sporting scenarios. The discussion presented here is therefore essential in guiding the design of future work that will aid in progressing the current understanding of the effects of caffeine as a performance enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Ősz BE, Jîtcă G, Ștefănescu RE, Pușcaș A, Tero-Vescan A, Vari CE. Caffeine and Its Antioxidant Properties-It Is All about Dose and Source. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13074. [PMID: 36361861 PMCID: PMC9654796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most frequently used substance with a central nervous system stimulant effect, but its consumption is most often due to the intake of foods and drinks that contain it (coffee, tea, chocolate, food supplements with plant extracts of Guarana, Mate herba, Cola nuts). Due to its innocuity, caffeine is a safe xanthine alkaloid for human consumption in a wide range of doses, being used for its central nervous stimulating effect, lipolytic and diuresis-enhancing properties, but also as a permitted ergogenic compound in athletes. In addition to the mechanisms that explain the effects of caffeine on the targeted organ, there are many proposed mechanisms by which this substance would have antioxidant effects. As such, its consumption prevents the occurrence/progression of certain neurodegenerative diseases as well as other medical conditions associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. However, most studies that have assessed the beneficial effects of caffeine have used pure caffeine. The question, therefore, arises whether the daily intake of caffeine from food or drink has similar benefits, considering that in foods or drinks with a high caffeine content, there are other substances that could interfere with this action, either by potentiating or decreasing its antioxidant capacity. Natural sources of caffeine often combine plant polyphenols (phenol-carboxylic acids, catechins) with known antioxidant effects; however, stimulant drinks and dietary supplements often contain sugars or artificial sweeteners that can significantly reduce the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress. The objective of this review is to clarify the effects of caffeine in modulating oxidative stress and assess these benefits, considering the source and the dose administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Emilia Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Environmental Factors, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Tamilio RA, Clarke ND, Duncan MJ, Morris RO, Tallis J. How Repeatable Is the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine? Limited Reproducibility of Acute Caffeine (3 mg.kg -1) Ingestion on Muscular Strength, Power, and Muscular Endurance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204416. [PMID: 36297102 PMCID: PMC9611362 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of 3 mg.kg−1 acute caffeine ingestion on muscular strength, power and strength endurance and the repeatability of potential ergogenic effects across multiple trials. Twenty-two university standard male rugby union players (20 ± 2 years) completed the study. Using a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced within-subject experimental design. Participants completed six experimental trials (three caffeine and three placebo) where force time characteristic of the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP), Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and Drop Jumps (DJ) were assessed followed by assessments of Chest Press (CP), Shoulder Press (SP), Squats (SQ), and Deadlifts (DL) Repetitions Until Failure (RTF at 70% 1 RM). ANOVA indicated that caffeine improved both the CMJ and DJ (p < 0.044) and increased RTF in all RTF assessments (p < 0.002). When individual caffeine trials were compared to corresponding placebo trials, effect sizes ranged from trivial-large favoring caffeine irrespective of a main effect of treatment being identified in the ANOVA. These results demonstrate for the first time that the performance enhancing effects of caffeine may not be repeatable between days, where our data uniquely indicates that this is in part attributable to between sessions variation in caffeine’s ergogenic potential.
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Effects of Caffeine on Performances of Simulated Match, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and Cognitive Function Test of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in Hong Kong. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163398. [PMID: 36014906 PMCID: PMC9414007 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on performances of simulated match, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), and cognitive function test of elite taekwondo athletes. Ten elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong volunteered to participate in two main trials in a randomized double-blinded crossover design. In each main trial, 1 h after consuming a drink with caffeine (CAF) or a placebo drink without caffeine (PLA), the participants completed two simulated taekwondo match sessions followed by the WAnT. The participants were instructed to complete three cognitive function tests, namely the Eriksen Flanker Test (EFT), Stroop Test, and Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, at baseline, before exercise, and immediately after the simulated matches. They were also required to wear functional near-infrared spectroscopy equipment during these tests. Before exercise, the reaction time in the EFT was shorter in the CAF trial than in the PLA trial (PLA: 494.9 ± 49.2 ms vs. CAF: 467.9 ± 38.0 ms, p = 0.035). In the WAnT, caffeine intake increased the peak power and mean power per unit of body weight (by approximately 13% and 6%, respectively, p = 0.018 & 0.042). The performance in the simulated matches was not affected by caffeine intake (p = 0.168). In conclusion, caffeine intake enhances anaerobic power and may improve certain cognitive functions of elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong. However, this may not be enough to improve the simulated match performance.
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