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Yaylaci Karahalil F, Bakirhan F, Kara Y. In Vitro Determination of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Various Natural Products (Bee and Herbal Products). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301330. [PMID: 38220973 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
It is obvious that the oxidation process is an undeniable fact and when it comes to aging, one of the first solutions that come to mind is natural products. When it comes to natural products, both plants and bee products play an important, almost combative role against oxidation. For this purpose, natural products of both plant and animal origin were considered together in our study: Linden, green tea, aronia, wild grapes, myrtle, blueberries and basil, honey, pollen and propolis. Total phenolic content values of the extracts ranged between 49.28 and 3859.06 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and propolis, green tea, chestnut flower and aronia samples were found to have the highest values. When looking at the NOS inhibition potential, it was determined that propolis, pollen and aronia samples had the highest percentage inhibition values of 98.11, 92.29, 83.44, respectively. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts were investigated using iron(III) reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test and NOS inhibition tests. The phenolic composition of methanolic extracts was tested using the RP-HPLC-UV (high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet) method with 19 phenolic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yaylaci Karahalil
- Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Biochemistry Program, 61750, Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bakirhan
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Raslan MA, Mounier MM. Phytochemical Profiling and Compound Isolation of Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. Leaves Aqueous Methanolic Extract with the Evaluation of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect Using Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300307. [PMID: 37204915 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory disorders represent a serious health issue. Certain Cissus species possess anti-inflammatory effect. Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. leaves' anti-inflammatory activities and phytoconstituents are poorly characterized. In this study, 38 constituents were tentatively characterized in Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. leaves' aqueous methanolic extract (CRLE) using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1 H-NMR). Myricetin, β-amyrin, and alliospiroside A, were isolated from CRLE using column chromatography. The anti-inflammatory effect of CRLE and its isolated compounds were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) was used to assess how CRLE and its isolated compounds affected cell viability. Further, its effects on the production of intracellular NO, and inflammatory cytokines cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed by the Griess test, and cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. CRLE and its isolated compounds, myricetin, β-amyrin, and alliospiroside A decreased the NO production. Western blotting was performed to assess the protein expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Alliospiroside A downregulated IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 and inhibited the expression of iNOS. CRLE and its compounds represent effective alternative candidate to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mounier
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Shi S, Li J, Zhao X, Liu Q, Song SJ. A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112895. [PMID: 34403885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids, a unique class of flavonoids which combine a flavonoid skeleton and a lipophilic prenyl side-chain, possess great potential biological activities including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, estrogenic, vasorelaxant and enzyme inhibition. Recently, prenylated flavonoids have become an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents, and have received increasing from medicinal chemists. The prenylated flavonoids have been outstanding developed through isolation, semi or fully synthesis in a very short period of time, which proves the great value in medicinal chemistry researches. In this review, research progress of prenylated flavonoids including natural prenylated flavonoids, structural modification, synthetic methodologies and pharmacological activities was summarized comprehensively. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of prenylated flavonoids were summarized which provided a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional prenylated flavonoid derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jichong Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jilin Yizheng Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, Siping, 136001, China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Joghee S, Kalarikkal SP, Sundaram GM, Durai Ananda Kumar T, Chidambaram SB. Chemical profiling and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive fraction(s) from Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br. against LPS induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114235. [PMID: 34044081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. (family: Boraginaceae) is a medicinal herb largely used to treat arthralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, dysentery, etc. It's mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity has not been systematically analyzed yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of successive solvent extracts (n-hexane extract (HE), ethyl acetate extract (EA), ethanol extract (EE), aqueous extract (AE) and fractions of HE) from the aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum (TI) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory reaction using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic effects of the extracts and fractions of TI were assessed by MTT assay. The effect of extracts and fractions on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured using the Griess reagent method. IL - 6, IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 gene expressions were examined by a qRT-PCR method. RESULTS RAW 264.7 macrophages pretreated with HE, EA, EE and AE of TI showed a significant decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO without exhibiting cytotoxicity. The potent HE was fractionated using flash chromatography into FA, FB, FC, FD and FE. Among the five fractions, FE displayed a stronger ability to reduce IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS, COX2 and NO importantly no cytotoxicity was observed. The phytochemical compounds present in FE were further screened by Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester is the major compound in FE. Molecular docking analysis showed good inhibition of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester against TLR-4, NIK and TACE. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester could be a potential candidate in alleviating inflammatory reactions in TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Joghee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sreeram P Kalarikkal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Gopinath M Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - T Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
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Lee J, Lim S. Anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effects by the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114209. [PMID: 34015366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The young branches of C. cassia Blume (Cinnamomi Ramulus; Guizhi; ; C. cassia twigs) have long been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic and stomachic in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-arthritic effects of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in acute and chronic arthritis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan for acute inflammation and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for chronic arthritis was carried out in the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured by a plethysmometer; thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester; hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations. The c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was tested by Griess assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An 80% ethanoic extract of the C. cassia twigs exhibited chronic anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities by reducing the edema volume in the paws of CFA-induced chronic arthritis in rats. In addition, it showed analgesic effects through the recovery of the paw withdrawal latency stimulated by thermal hyperalgesia, and suppressing the vocalization scores evoked by ankle flexion in the hind paws of the arthritis rats. It also controlled c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord of the arthritis rats. Moreover, the addition its 80%-ethanoic extract, specifically, its ethyl acetate fraction, powerfully suppressed the paw swelling in carrageenan-stimulated arthritis and the NO production in LPS-induced murine immune cells. CONCLUSION C. cassia twigs may act as a viably sufficient therapeutic or preventive candidate for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; additionally, it could prevent gastrointestinal damage with its gastric protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies that target nitric oxide pathway for preventing cartilage degeneration. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:1-11. [PMID: 33571602 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Increased production of NO in the affected joints promote cartilage damage. As NO synthesis is catalysed by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme, iNOS inhibition serves as an attractive therapeutic target to prevent NO release. Despite a number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitor molecules demonstrating chondro-protective effect, none have reached the clinic. Its limited bioavailability and adverse side effects served as a deterrent for pursuing clinical trials in OA patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, interest in targeting NO for preventing cartilage degeneration has revived. In this article, we discuss the limitations of the existing molecules and provide an insight on recent nanotechnology-based strategies that have been explored for the diagnosis and inhibition of NO in OA. These approaches hold promise in reviving the hitherto under explored potential of targeting NO to address OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupali Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Minhas R, Bansal G, Bansal Y. Novel Coupled Molecules from Active Structural Motifs of Synthetic and Natural Origin as Immunosuppressants. Med Chem 2021; 16:544-554. [PMID: 30963980 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190409111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator in the pathogenesis and control of immune system-related disorders and its levels are modulated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Oxidative stress is another pathological indication in majority of autoimmune disorders. The present study aims at the development of coupled molecules via selection of pharmacophores for both immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities through iNOS inhibition. METHODS Variedly substituted coumarin moieties are coupled with naturally occurring phenols through an amide linkage and were predicted for activities using computer-based program PASS. The compounds predicted to have dual activities were synthesized. Docking studies were carried out against iNOS (PDB 1R35) and compounds having good docking score were evaluated for immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. RESULTS The synthesized compounds were found to be pure and were obtained in good yields. Compounds with maximum docking score (YR1a, YR2e, YR2c and YR4e) were selected for evaluation by in vitro models. Compounds YR2e and YR2c markedly inhibited the reduction of NBT dye and showed maximum % iNOS inhibition. In DPPH assay, compound YR4e was observed as the most potent antioxidant (EC50 0.33 µM/mL). Based on these studies, compounds YR2e and YR2c were selected for haemagglutination test. Compound YR2e was observed as the most active immunosuppressant with maximal inhibitory ability of iNOS and NBT reduction and lower HAT value of 3.5. CONCLUSION Compound YR2e can be utilized as a pharmacological agent in the prevention or treatment of immunomodulatory diseases such as tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, organ transplant and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Ahmad N, Ansari MY, Bano S, Haqqi TM. Imperatorin suppresses IL-1β-induced iNOS expression via inhibiting ERK-MAPK/AP1 signaling in primary human OA chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106612. [PMID: 32450530 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Joint inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Imperatorin, a plant-derived small molecule has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effect on chondrocytes is not known. Here, we investigated the effects of Imperatorin on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide production in primary human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants culture under pathological conditions and explored the associated signaling pathways. We pretreated chondrocytes or explants with Imperatorin (50 μM) followed by IL-1β (1 ng/ml), and the culture supernatant was used to determine the levels of nitrite production by Griess assay and chondrocytes were harvested to prepare cell lysate or RNA for gene expression analysis of iNOS by Western blot or qPCR and in explants by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pretreatment of primary chondrocytes and cartilage explants with Imperatorin suppressed IL-1β induced expression of iNOS and NO production. Imperatorin blocked the IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of ERK-MAPK/AP1 signaling pathway to suppress iNOS expression. The role of ERK in the regulation of iNOS expression was verified by using ERK inhibitor. Interestingly, we also found that Imperatorin binds to iNOS protein and inhibits its activity in vitro. Our data demonstrated that Imperatorin possess strong anti-inflammatory activity and may be developed as a therapeutic agent for the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashrah Ahmad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | | | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Ahmad N, Ansari MY, Haqqi TM. Role of iNOS in osteoarthritis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6366-6376. [PMID: 32017079 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as one of the major inflammatory mediators in OA and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Excessive production of NO in chondrocytes promotes cartilage destruction and cellular injury. The synthesis of NO in chondrocytes is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is thereby an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. A number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitors, bioactive compounds, and plant-derived small molecules have been shown to exhibit chondroprotective effects by suppressing the expression of iNOS. Many of these iNOS inhibitors hold promise for the development of new, disease-modifying therapies for OA; however, attempts to demonstrate their success in clinical trials are not yet successful. Many plant extracts and plant-derived small molecules have also shown promise in animal models of OA, though further studies are needed in human clinical trials to confirm their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the role of iNOS in OA pathology and the effects of various iNOS inhibitors in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashrah Ahmad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Mohammad Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Zhong G, Yang X, Jiang X, Kumar A, Long H, Xie J, Zheng L, Zhao J. Dopamine-melanin nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and activate autophagy for osteoarthritis therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11605-11616. [PMID: 31173033 PMCID: PMC6776464 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anti-oxidative agents hold great potential in osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. However, most radical scavengers have poor biocompatibility and potential cytotoxicity, which limit their applications. Herein we explore dopamine melanin (DM) nanoparticles as a novel scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). DM nanoparticles show low cytotoxicity and a strong ability to sequester a broad range of ROS and RNS, including superoxides, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite. This translates to excellent anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects by inhibiting intracellular ROS and RNS and promoting antioxidant enzyme activities. With an average diameter of 112.5 nm, DM nanoparticles can be intra-articularly (i.a.) injected into an affected joint and retained at the injection site. When tested in vivo in rodent OA models, DM nanoparticles showed diminished inflammatory cytokine release and reduced proteoglycan loss, which in turn slowed down cartilage degradation. Mechanistic studies suggest that DM nanoparticles also enhance autophagy that benefits OA control. In summary, our study suggests DM nanoparticles as a safe and promising therapeutic for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Xianfang Jiang
- The College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Huiping Long
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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Honmore VS, Kandhare AD, Kadam PP, Khedkar VM, Natu AD, Rojatkar SR, Bodhankar SL. Diarylheptanoid, a constituent isolated from methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum attenuates TNF-α level in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:233-245. [PMID: 30336303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease that affects the worldwide population. Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae), rhizomes are widely used ethnobotanically as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant agent in traditional medicine. AIM To investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of isolated phytoconstituent from the methanol extract of A. officinarum (MEAO) rhizomes against Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to study the binding mode of this compound into the active site of TNF-α. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diarylheptanoid was isolated from MEAO, well characterized (HPTLC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS) and evaluated for its antiarthritic activity in female Wistar rats (170-200 g). Diarylheptanoid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered starting from day 12. Various behavioral, biochemical, molecular and histopathology parameters were evaluated. Molecular docking study was performed using Glide module integrated into Schrodinger molecular modeling software. RESULTS The structure and molecular weight of the isolated compound (diarylheptanoid) were confirmed by 1D and mass spectral data and characterized as 1-phenyl-5-hydroxy-7- (4''-hydroxy-3''-methoxyphenyl) heptane-3-one (i.e., 5-HPH) with molecular formula C20H24O4. Administration of 5-HPH (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) FCA induced increases in paw volume, joint diameter, thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It also significantly decreased oxido-inflammatory markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, and TNF-α). FCA induced a histological alteration in ankle joint also attenuated by 5-HPH. Its Glide docking score was found to be -9.702 with binding energy (Glide energy) of -37.033 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION 5-HPH may exhibit its anti-arthritic potential via inhibition of elevated oxido-inflammatory markers thus restoring the elevated hyperalgesia, allodynia and reducing destruction in synovial membrane and cartilage. Therefore, 5-HPH is a potential moiety bearing antioxidant and with anti-inflammatory properties to inhibit FCA-induced arthritis in rats. The results of the present investigation should enable the design of potent small-molecule inhibitors that inactivate TNF-α with high affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Honmore
- Post Graduate and Research Center, Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag P Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Survey No. 499, Plot No, 03, Mumbai - Agra National Highway, Maharashtra 424001, India
| | - Arun D Natu
- Post Graduate and Research Center, Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supada R Rojatkar
- R&D Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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13
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Tao L, Shi M. (CH 3) 2CuLi/Cu(OTf) 2 Mediated N- or O-Cyclization of Urea-Tethered Cyclobuta[ b]indolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:129-133. [PMID: 30571130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A (CH3)2CuLi/Cu(OTf)2 mediated N- or O-cyclization of urea-tethered cyclobuta[ b]indolines has been reported in this paper, giving a new synthetic protocol for the construction of pyrimido[1,6- a]indolone and cyclic imidate derivatives in moderate to good yields with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. A plausible reaction mechanism has been also proposed on the basis of previous reports and the control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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14
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Lee HH, Jeong JW, Hong SH, Park C, Kim BW, Choi YH. Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses the Production of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Mediators in BV2 Microglia by Decreasing the NF-κB Pathway Activity Associated With Toll-like Receptor 4 and CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathway Blockade. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:134-140. [PMID: 30370258 PMCID: PMC6197846 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic-derived organosulfuric compound, has been documented for potential anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism in microglia remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DATS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods The effects of DATS on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed under conditions not in the cytotoxicity of DATS. The protein expression of inflammation regulatory genes was measured by Western blot analysis. Results DATS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of NO and PGE2, which was associated with the suppression of their regulatory genes, inducible NO synthase and COX-2. DATS had been shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-κB by destroying the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α inhibitors in the cytoplasm. In addition, DATS effectively inhibited the expression of LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88. Furthermore, DATS markedly reduced the LPS-induced expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand (CXCL) 12 and CXC receptor (CXCR) 4, demonstrating its capacity to block chemo-attractive activity. Conclusions These results indicate that DATS inhibits the activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis associated with antagonizing effect on TLR4 and blocks NF-κB signaling, thus demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects against LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
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15
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Kim JR, Yoo JJ, Kim HA. Therapeutics in Osteoarthritis Based on an Understanding of Its Molecular Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030674. [PMID: 29495538 PMCID: PMC5877535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease in older people and is characterized by the progressive destruction of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, changes in subchondral bone and peri-articular muscle, and pain. Because our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of OA remains incomplete, we haven’t discovered a cure for OA yet. This review appraises novel therapeutics based on recent progress in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of OA, including pro-inflammatory and pro-catabolic mediators and the relevant signalling mechanisms. The changes in subchondral bone and peri-articular muscle accompanying cartilage damage are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryoung Kim
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyongchondong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyunggi-do 431-070, Korea.
| | - Jong Jin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyongchondong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyunggi-do 431-070, Korea.
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16
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Jang HY, Damodar K, Kim JK, Jun JG. Efficient Synthesis and In Vitro
Biological Evaluation of 2,5-Diaryloxazoles as Potential Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry; Hallym University; Chuncheon 24252 Korea
| | - Kongara Damodar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry; Hallym University; Chuncheon 24252 Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science; Catholic University of Daegu; Gyeungsan-Si 38430 South Korea
| | - Jong-Gab Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry; Hallym University; Chuncheon 24252 Korea
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Abstract
Stroke is considered to be an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The high incidence and poor prognosis of stroke suggest that it is a highly disabling and highly lethal disease which can pose a serious threat to human health. Nitric oxide (NO), a common gas in nature, which is often thought as a toxic gas, because of its intimate relationship with the pathological processes of many diseases, especially in the regulation of blood flow and cell inflammation. However, recent years have witnessed an increased interest that NO plays a significant and positive role in stroke as an essential gas signal molecule. In view of the fact that the neuroprotective effect of NO is closely related to its concentration, cell type and time, only in the appropriate circumstances can NO play a protective effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of NO in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ru-Tao Mou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Feng
- Department of Scott & White Clinic-Temple, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lapi D, Varanini M, Colantuoni A, Del Seppia C, Ghione S, Fommei E, Scuri R. Repeated Mandibular Extension in Rat: A Procedure to Modulate the Cerebral Arteriolar Tone. Front Physiol 2017; 8:625. [PMID: 28912722 PMCID: PMC5583213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data have shown both in the rat and in the human that a single mandibular extension lasting 10 min induces a significant important and prolonged reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, affecting also rat pial microcirculation by the release of endothelial factors. In the present work, we assessed whether repeated mandibular extension could further prolong these effects. We performed two mandibular extensions, the second mandibular extension being applied 10 min after the first one. The second mandibular extension produced a reduction in blood pressure and heart rate for at least 240 min. As in the case of a single mandibular extension, pial arterioles dilated persisting up to 140 min after the second extension. Spectral analysis on 30 min recordings under baseline conditions and after repetitive mandibular extensions showed that the pial arterioles dilation was associated with rhythmic diameter changes sustained by an increase in the frequency components related to endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic activity while a single mandibular extension caused, conversely, an increase only in the endothelial activity. In conclusion, repetitive mandibular extension prolonged the effects of a single mandibular extension on blood pressure, heart rate and vasodilation and induced a modulation of different frequency components responsible of the pial arteriolar tone, in particular increasing the endothelial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varanini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of ResearchPisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Ghione
- Medical and Public Health Research, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Enza Fommei
- Medical and Public Health Research, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (CNR)Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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19
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Shin H, Park Y, Choi JH, Jeon YH, Byun Y, Sung SH, Lee KY. Structure elucidation of a new triterpene from Rhus trichocarpa roots. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:763-766. [PMID: 28042674 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Yeeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Korea
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20
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Philp AM, Davis ET, Jones SW. Developing anti-inflammatory therapeutics for patients with osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:869-881. [PMID: 27498352 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OA is the most common joint disorder in the world, but there are no approved therapeutics to prevent disease progression. Historically, OA has been considered a wear-and-tear joint disease, and efforts to identify and develop disease-modifying therapeutics have predominantly focused on direct inhibition of cartilage degeneration. However, there is now increasing evidence that inflammation is a key mediator of OA joint pathology, and also that the link between obesity and OA is not solely due to excessive load-bearing, suggesting therefore that targeting inflammation in OA could be a rewarding therapeutic strategy. In this review we therefore re-evaluate historical clinical trial data on anti-inflammatory therapeutics in OA patients, highlight some of the more promising emerging therapeutic targets and discuss the implications for future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Philp
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham
| | - Edward T Davis
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham
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21
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First synthesis and in vitro biological assessment of isosideroxylin, 6,8-dimethylgenistein and their analogues as nitric oxide production inhibition agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Negi VS, Mariaselvam CM, Misra DP, Muralidharan N, Fortier C, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of iNOS
predispose to rheumatoid arthritis in south Indian Tamils. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:114-121. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. M. Mariaselvam
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. P. Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - N. Muralidharan
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. Fortier
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. Charron
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | | | - R. Tamouza
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
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Role of Gasotransmitters in Oxidative Stresses, Neuroinflammation, and Neuronal Repair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1689341. [PMID: 28386548 PMCID: PMC5366188 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1689341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, three main gasotransmitters, that is, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO), have been discovered to play major bodily physiological roles. These gasotransmitters have multiple functional roles in the body including physiologic and pathologic functions with respect to the cellular or tissue quantities of these gases. Gasotransmitters were originally known to have only detrimental and noxious effects in the body but that notion has much changed with years; vast studies demonstrated that these gasotransmitters are precisely involved in the normal physiological functioning of the body. From neuromodulation, oxidative stress subjugation, and cardiovascular tone regulation to immunomodulation, these gases perform critical roles, which, should they deviate from the norm, can trigger the genesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this review is to discuss at great length physical and chemical properties and physiological actions of H2S, NO, and CO as well as shedding light on recently researched molecular targets. We particularly put emphasis on the roles in neuronal inflammation and neurodegeneration and neuronal repair.
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Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory, and Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Piceatannol and Its Analogs. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Kim EA, Lee W, Um JH, Kang N, Cheong SH, Oh JY, Chang KJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Han EJ, Jeon YJ, Ahn G. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Galactose-Taurine Sodium Salt: A Taurine Derivate in Zebrafish In Vivo Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 975:655-666. [PMID: 28849489 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, the plentiful amino acids in mammalian cells exerts various biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation can cause several diseases such as cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis and immune system reactions. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Galactose-Taurine sodium salt (Gal-Tau), a newly synthesized taurine derivate in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos in vivo model. The result showed that Gal-Tau improved the survival rate and the edema in LPS-treated zebrafish embryos. Also, Gal-Tau effectively reduced the productions of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death induced by LPS in zebrafish embryos. In addition, Gal-Tau regulated the expression levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible NOS (iNOS) and cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) as well as IL-6 and TNF-α, inflammatory cytokines known as important key mediators of inflammation. Taken together, this study first indicates that Gal-Tau could be considered as an effective anti-inflammatory material with its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, South Korea
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Um
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Oh
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
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Damodar K, Kim JK, Jun JG. Efficient, collective synthesis and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of rubrolides E, F, R, S and their derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jang HY, Park HJ, Damodar K, Kim JK, Jun JG. Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5438-5443. [PMID: 27777005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of dihydrostilbenes (1-5) and diarylpropanes (6-10) is achieved from the commercially available starting materials and Wittig-Horner reaction, Claisen-Schmidt condensation and hydrogenation as key steps. Later, their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition effects were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. All the tested compounds significantly decreased NO production in a concentration-dependent manner except compounds 2, 6 and 8 and did not show notable cytotoxicity except compound 1. Two compounds i.e., compound 9 (hindsiipropane B) (100%; IC50=1.84μM) possessed the most potent NO inhibitory activity which was even stronger than the positive control, L-NMMA (90.1%; IC50=2.73μM) followed by compound 4 (75.5%; IC50=2.98μM) at 10μM concentration and this finding was also further correlated by suppressed expression of LPS stimulated inducible NO synthase. Our study revealed that compound 9, a 1,3-diarylpropane scaffold with 3″,4″-dimethoxyphenyl and 3',4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxyphenyl motifs could be considered as potential compound or lead compound for further development of NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kongara Damodar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeungsan-Si 38430, South Korea
| | - Jong-Gab Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
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Nallathamby N, Serm LG, Raman J, Malek SNA, Vidyadaran S, Naidu M, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V. Identification and in vitro Evaluation of Lipids from Sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis for Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger milk mushroom) is traditionally used to treat inflammation triggered symptoms and illnesses such as cough, fever and asthma. The present study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the extract and fractions of sclerotia powder of L. rhinocerotis on brain microglial (BV2) cells. The ethyl acetate fraction had a total phenolic content of 0.30 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g. This fraction had ferric reducing capacity of 61.8 ± 1.8 mg FSE/g, ABTS•+ scavenging activity of 36.8 ± 1.8 mg TE/g and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 21.8% ± 0.7. At doses ranging from 0.1 μg/mL – 100 μg/mL, the extract and fractions were not cytotoxic to BV2 cells. At 100 μg/mL, the crude hydroethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction elicited the highest nitric oxide reduction activities of 68.7% and 58.2%, respectively. Linoleic and oleic acids were the major lipid constituents in the ethyl acetate fraction based on FID and GC-MS analysis. Linoleic acid reduced nitric oxide production and down regulated the expression of neuroinflammatory iNOS and COX2 genes in BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeranjini Nallathamby
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Guan Serm
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jegadeesh Raman
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zeng JZ, Ma LF, Meng H, Yu HM, Zhang YK, Guo A. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) prevents collagen-induced arthritis through OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3101-3106. [PMID: 27882124 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) extracts from Tripterygium have anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and immunity adjustment functions. The present study used a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model to evaluate whether LLDT-8 prevents collagen-induced arthritis, and investigated the signaling underlying this. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to generate CIA, mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of arthritis was determined using RA progression scores. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nuclear factor-κB were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-13 protein expression were measured using western blot analysis. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) gene expression. LLDT-8 improved RA progression scores and reduced the incidence and severity of CIA. Furthermore, LLDT-8 administration inhibited collagen-induced inflammation and iNOS protein expression in arthritic rats. The current data indicated that MMP-13 production was suppressed and OPG/RANKL expression was increased by LLDT-8 treatment in the arthritic rat. The present results suggest that LLDT-8 attenuates CIA through OPG/RANK/RANK ligand signaling in a rat model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhou Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China; Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hai Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Miao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Kui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Synthesis of (2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyarginine and its inhibitory activity against nitric oxide synthase. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Nitric oxide has been implicated in numerous biological processes, particularly those involved with the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide production is closely regulated and influenced by a number of factors in both health and disease. Nitric oxide is involved in maintaining the vascular system in its healthy, nondiseased state by producing vasorelaxation which enhances blood flow and prevents both leukocyte and platelet adhesion to the vascular wall. Dysfunctional endothelial cell nitric oxide production has been implicated in a number of disease states, including hypertension and atherosclerosis, and has been associated with adverse cardiac events. Various recent therapies may exert their beneficial effects in part by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide bloavallability. Nitric oxide has been used therapeutically in a number of cardiorespiratory disease states. An improved understanding of the pathologic processes underlying these diseases has resulted in several alternative agents being investigated and used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Lowson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma ICU Co-Director, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Jung JW, Kim JK, Jun JG. Syntheses and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Natural 1,3-Diarylpropenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:632-7. [PMID: 27025559 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
First syntheses of five natural 1,3-diarylpropenes (cinnamylphenols) 2-4, 7, and 8 along with synthesis of two other natural 1,3-diarylpropenes 1 and 5 and E-isomer of mucronulastyrene (6) were achieved by Friedel-Crafts alkylation as a key step. Subsequently, their anti-inflammatory effects were also investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The compounds exhibited significant inhibition of inflammatory mediated nitric oxide (NO) production with no cytotoxicity except compound 8 (dalberatin B) at 10 µM concentration and IC50 values were found in the range from 4.05 to 16.76 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woon Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University
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Schiavone S, Trabace L. Pharmacological targeting of redox regulation systems as new therapeutic approach for psychiatric disorders: A literature overview. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:195-204. [PMID: 26995306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Redox dysregulation occurs following a disequilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing and degrading systems, i.e. mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on one hand and the principal antioxidant system, the glutathione, on the other hand. Increasing recent evidence points towards a pathogenetic role of an altered redox state in the development of several mental disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar disorders, depression, psychosis, autism and post-traumaticstress disorders (PTSD). In this regard, pharmacological targeting of the redox state regulating systems in the brain has been proposed as an innovative and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of these mental diseases. This review will summarize current knowledge obtained from both pre-clinical and clinical studies in order to descant "lights and shadows" of targeting pharmacologically both the producing and degrading reactive oxygen species (ROS) systems in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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34
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Seo YH, Damodar K, Kim JK, Jun JG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti -inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1521-1524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Damodar K, Kim JK, Jun JG. Unified syntheses of gramniphenols F and G, cicerfuran, morunigrol C and its derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Cheong SH, Yang HW, Ko EY, Ahn G, Lee W, Kim D, Jeon YJ, Kim KN. Anti-inflammatory effects of trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one in zebrafish embryos in vivo model. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:16-20. [PMID: 26796815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one (DPEP) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish embryos. In the present study, DPEP exhibited potential protective effect in the zebrafish embryos as confirmed by survival rate. DPEP acts as an effective agent against reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by LPS. Moreover, DPEP effectively inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in zebrafish embryos. In addition, DPEP significantly reduced the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2), which generate NO as a key mediator of inflammation in a concentration-dependent manner. According to these results, DPEP could be considered an effective anti-inflammatory agent, which might be further developed as a functional ingredient. This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity of DPEP in the LPS-stimulated zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Ko
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea; Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, South Korea
| | - WonWoo Lee
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea.
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, South Korea; Department of Marin Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, South Korea.
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37
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Nepali S, Son JS, Poudel B, Lee JH, Lee YM, Kim DK. Luteolin is a bioflavonoid that attenuates adipocyte-derived inflammatory responses via suppression of nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:627-35. [PMID: 26246742 PMCID: PMC4522853 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation of adipocytes has been a therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders which cause insulin resistance and hence lead to type II diabetes. Luteolin is a bioflavonoid with many beneficial properties such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-cancer. Objectives: To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism of luteolin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Materials and Methods: We stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the mixture of tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide, and interferon-γ (TLI) in the presence or absence of luteolin. We performed Griess’ method for nitric oxide (NO) production and measure mRNA and protein expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results: Luteolin opposed the stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NO production by simultaneous treatment of adipocytes with TLI. Furthermore, it reduced the pro-inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, resistin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Furthermore, luteolin improved the insulin sensitivity by enhancing the expression of insulin receptor substrates (IRS1/2) and glucose transporter-4 via phosphatidylinositol-3K signaling pathway. This inhibition was associated with suppression of Iκ-B-α degradation and subsequent inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 translocation to the nucleus. In addition, luteolin blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal Kinases and also p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Conclusions: These results illustrate that luteolin attenuates inflammatory responses in the adipocytes through suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs activation, and also improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that luteolin may represent a therapeutic agent to prevent obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Barun Poudel
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
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38
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Oliveira BL, Morais M, Mendes F, Moreira IS, Cordeiro C, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ, Alberto R, Santos I, Correia JDG. Re(I) and Tc(I) complexes for targeting nitric oxide synthase: influence of the chelator in the affinity for the enzyme. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1072-86. [PMID: 25894011 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to design (99m) Tc complexes for probing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by SPECT, we synthesized conjugates (L4-L6) comprising a NOS-recognizing moiety connected to a diamino-propionic acid (dap) chelating unit. The conjugates led to complexes of the type fac-[M(CO)3 (ĸ(3) -L)] (M = Re/(99m) Tc; Re4/Tc4: L = L4; Re5/Tc5: L = L5; Re6/Tc6: L = L6). Enzymatic studies showed that L4 and L5, but not L6, gave complexes (Re4 and Re5) that are less potent than the conjugates. To rationalize these results, we performed docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The high affinity of L4 and L5 is due to the strong interactions between the dap chelator and polar residues of the binding cavity. These interactions are hampered by metallation resulting in complexes with lower affinity. The higher potency of Re5 compared to Re4 was assigned to the increased bulkiness of Re5 and the presence of additional anchoring groups that better fit the active site and provide more extensive contacts. In turn, Re6 is too bulky and its organometallic tail is oriented toward the peripheral pocket of iNOS, leading to loss of contacts and a lower affinity. These results were compared with our previous results obtained with analogue complexes stabilized by a pyrazolyl-diamine chelating unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Maurício Morais
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, REQUIMTE, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, REQUIMTE, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, REQUIMTE, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, 2695-066, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS, 2695-066, Portugal
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Zielinski MR, Karpova SA, Yang X, Gerashchenko D. Substance P and the neurokinin-1 receptor regulate electroencephalogram non-rapid eye movement sleep slow-wave activity locally. Neuroscience 2014; 284:260-272. [PMID: 25301750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P is an excitatory neurotransmitter produced by various cells including neurons and microglia that is involved in regulating inflammation and cerebral blood flow--functions that affect sleep and slow-wave activity (SWA). Substance P is the major ligand for the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), which is found throughout the brain including the cortex. The NK-1R is found on sleep-active cortical neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase whose activity is associated with SWA. We determined the effects of local cortical administration of a NK-1R agonist (substance P-fragment 1, 7) and a NK-1R antagonist (CP96345) on sleep and SWA in mice. The NK-1R agonist significantly enhanced SWA for several hours when applied locally to the cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere as the electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode but not after application to the contralateral hemisphere when compared to saline vehicle control injections. In addition, a significant compensatory reduction in SWA was found after the NK-1R agonist-induced enhancements in SWA. Conversely, injections of the NK-1R antagonist into the cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere of the EEG electrode attenuated SWA compared to vehicle injections but this effect was not found after injections of the NK-1R antagonist into contralateral hemisphere as the EEG electrode. Non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep duration responses after NK-1R agonist and antagonist injections were not significantly different from the responses to the vehicle. Our findings indicate that the substance P and the NK-1R are involved in regulating SWA locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Zielinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - S A Karpova
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - X Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - D Gerashchenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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40
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Jing Q, Li H, Roman LJ, Martásek P, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. Combination of chiral linkers with thiophenecarboximidamide heads to improve the selectivity of inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4504-4510. [PMID: 25149509 PMCID: PMC4204799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To develop potent and selective nNOS inhibitors, a new series of double-headed molecules with chiral linkers that derive from natural amino acid derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The new structures integrate a thiophenecarboximidamide head with two types of chiral linkers, presenting easy synthesis and good inhibitory properties. Inhibitor (S)-9b exhibits a potency of 14.7 nM against nNOS and is 1134 and 322-fold more selective for nNOS over eNOS and iNOS, respectively. Crystal structures show that the additional binding between the aminomethyl moiety of 9b and propionate A on the heme and tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) in nNOS, but not eNOS, contributes to its high selectivity. This work demonstrates the advantage of integrating known structures into structure optimization, and it should be possible to more readily develop compounds that incorporate bioavailability with these advanced features. Moreover, this integrative strategy is a general approach in new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linda J Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78384-7760, USA
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78384-7760, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Center for Applied Genomics, 1st School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas L Poulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA; Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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41
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Timonen J, Vuolteenaho K, Leppänen T, Nieminen R, Moilanen E, Aulaskari P, Jänis J. 7-(2-Oxoalkoxy)coumarins: Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Series of Substituted Coumarins. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Timonen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- University of Tampere; School of Medicine, Tampere University, Hospital; FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- University of Tampere; School of Medicine, Tampere University, Hospital; FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Riina Nieminen
- University of Tampere; School of Medicine, Tampere University, Hospital; FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- University of Tampere; School of Medicine, Tampere University, Hospital; FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Paula Aulaskari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
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Overlapping biological mechanisms underlying sickle cell disease, stress, and depression: a stress-vulnerability framework. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2014; 22:205-15. [PMID: 24887328 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:1. Evaluate the overlap between sickle cell disease (SCD) and depression.2. Identify sources of psychological stress and biological vulnerabilities toward developing depression in patients with SCD.3. Assess the potential mechanisms underlying SCD, stress, and depression.Depression is a common co-occurring disorder in persons with sickle-cell disease (SCD). Individuals with this chronic illness may be particularly vulnerable to depression. In addition to risk factors for depression specifically related to SCD, these individuals typically experience further psychological stress due to multiple risk factors in their environment. To date, however, little research has focused on the co-occurring biological mechanisms across these conditions and how those mechanisms may interact to produce depressive symptoms. In this review we use a stress-vulnerability framework to describe the sources of psychological stress and the SCD factors that increase the risk of depression. We suggest that several biological factors, such as nitric oxide and cytokines, may play an important role in co-occurring stress, SCD, and depression. The interaction of these factors may be of particular importance for understanding the comorbidity of SCD and depression. Implications for current treatment and future research are discussed.
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Bluhm U, Boucher JL, Clement B, Girreser U, Heber D, Ramassamy B, Wolschendorf U. Synthesis, Characterization and NO Synthase Inhibition Testing of 2-Aryl-5-aroyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium Chlorides. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ullvi Bluhm
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstraße 76 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601; University Paris Descartes; 45 Rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstraße 76 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Ulrich Girreser
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstraße 76 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Dieter Heber
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstraße 76 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Booma Ramassamy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601; University Paris Descartes; 45 Rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Ulrich Wolschendorf
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstraße 76 D-24118 Kiel Germany
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Zou YY, Kan EM, Cao Q, Lu J, Ling EA. Combustion smoke-induced inflammation in the cerebellum and hippocampus of adult rats. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 39:531-52. [PMID: 23106634 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of combustion smoke inhalation on the respiratory system is widely reported but its effects on the central nervous system remain unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of smoke inhalation on the cerebellum and hippocampus which are areas vulnerable to hypoxia injury. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to combustion smoke inhalation and sacrificed at 0.5, 3, 24 and 72 h after exposure. The cerebellum and hippocampus were subjected to Western analysis for VEGF, iNOS, eNOS, nNOS and AQP4 expression; ELISA analysis for cytokine and chemokine levels; and immunohistochemistry for GFAP/AQP4, RECA-1/RITC and TUNEL. Aminoguanidine (AG) was administered to determine the effects of iNOS after smoke inhalation. RESULTS Both the cerebellum and hippocampus showed a significant increase in VEGF, iNOS, eNOS, nNOS and AQP4 expression with corresponding increases in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increased AQP4 expression and RITC permeability after smoke exposure. AG was able to decrease the expression of iNOS, followed by VEGF, eNOS, nNOS, RITC and AQP4 after smoke exposure. There was also a significant increase in TUNEL+ cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus which were not significantly reduced by AG. Beam walk test revealed immediate deficits after smoke inhalation which was attenuated with AG. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that iNOS plays a major role in the central nervous system inflammatory pathophysiology after smoke inhalation exposure with concomitant increase in proinflammatory molecules, vascular permeability and oedema, for which the cerebellum appears to be more vulnerable to smoke exposure than the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Zou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Hsu CL, Fang SC, Yen GC. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Food Funct 2014; 4:1216-22. [PMID: 23727892 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. is an aquatic plant species which belongs to the family Nymphaea and is commonly known as the yellow water lily. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Seven phenolic compounds including vanillic acid, 4-methoxy-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone, naringenin (4), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside), and quercetin 3-(30 0-acetylrhamnoside) (7) were isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. These results revealed that compound 4 has the most prominent inhibitory effect on the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, compound 4 also inhibited LPS-mediated induction of protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, compound 4 from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Fabrication of electrochemical NO sensor based on nanostructured film and its application in drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:57-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of new varieties of bitter melon on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Khoury MN, Gheuens S, Ngo L, Wang X, Alsop DC, Koralnik IJ. Hyperperfusion in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is associated with disease progression and absence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:3441-50. [PMID: 24088807 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to characterize perfusion patterns of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions by arterial spin labelling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and to analyse their association with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and survival. A total of 22 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy underwent a clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain within 190 days of symptom onset. The presence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was determined based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Perfusion within progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions was determined by arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging. We observed intense hyperperfusion within and at the edge of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions in a subset of subjects. This hyperperfusion was quantified by measuring the fraction of lesion volume showing perfusion in excess of twice normal appearing grey matter. Hyperperfused lesion fraction was significantly greater in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy progressors than in survivors (12.8% versus 3.4% P = 0.02) corresponding to a relative risk of progression for individuals with a hyperperfused lesion fraction ≥ 4.0% of 9.1 (95% confidence interval of 1.4-59.5). The presence of hyperperfusion was inversely related to the occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome at the time of scan (P = 0.03). Indeed, within 3 months after symptom onset, hyperperfusion had a positive predictive value of 88% for absence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging recognized regions of elevated perfusion within lesions of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. These regions might represent virologically active areas operating in the absence of an effective adaptive immune response and correspond with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Khoury
- 1 Division of Neurovirology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses cytokine-induced inflammatory response in human intestinal cells: comparison with 5-aminosalicylic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73001. [PMID: 24039842 PMCID: PMC3765207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases has been extensively investigated although the mechanisms involved in cellular signaling need to be further elucidated. Cyanidin-3-glucoside is a typical anthocyanin of many pigmented fruits and vegetables widespread in the human diet. In the present study, the protection afforded by cyanidin-3-glucoside against cytokine-triggered inflammatory response was evaluated in the human intestinal HT-29 cell line, in comparison with 5-aminosalicylic acid, a well-established anti-inflammatory drug, used in inflammatory bowel disease. For this purpose, some key inflammatory mediators and inflammatory enzymes were examined. Our data showed that cyanidin-3-glucoside reduced cytokine-induced inflammation in intestinal cells, in terms of NO, PGE2 and IL-8 production and of iNOS and COX-2 expressions, at a much lower concentration than 5-aminosalicylic acid, suggesting a higher anti-inflammatory efficiency. Interestingly, cyanidin-3-glucoside and 5-aminosalicylic acid neither prevented IkB-α degradation nor the activation of NF-kB, but significantly reduced cytokine-induced levels of activated STAT1 accumulated in the cell nucleus. In addition, we established that phosphorylated p38 MAPK was not involved in the protective effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside or 5-aminosalicylic acid. Taking into account the high concentrations of dietary anthocyanins potentially reached in the gastrointestinal tract, cyanidin-3-glucoside may be envisaged as a promising nutraceutical giving complementary benefits in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Investigations on synthesis and structure elucidation of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine-1-thiones and their inhibitory activity against inducible nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5518-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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