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Campos LM, Marra PS, Doria CR, Cordoba SD, Silva CA. Updates in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:366-374. [PMID: 39046666 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review offers an overview of the most important recent articles on pediatric APS. RECENT FINDINGS Non-thrombotic extra criteria manifestations were prevalent in pediatric APS. Pregnancy morbidity has been described as the first manifestation of APS at youth age, impairing gestational outcomes. The 2023 APS criteria were developed for adult APS patients, and there is still a lack of pediatric-specific APS criteria. Catastrophic APS was more commonly reported as the initial manifestation of pediatric APS than in adults. Regarding treatment, direct oral anticoagulants have been recently approval for pediatric patients with venous thrombosis. New approaches have been proposed for severe cases, for arterial thrombosis, and rituximab for refractory cases. Recurrences typically occurred early and were associated with older age at diagnosis. Current studies highlighted the multifaceted nature of pediatric APS. Further large prospective multicenter studies evaluating new medications capable of reducing recurrence risk and improving prognosis in this population will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Campos
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula S Marra
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Clara R Doria
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sebastian D Cordoba
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wu G, Liu J, Ma G, Wei Q, Song X. Hyperuricemia Facilitates Uric Acid-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage by Inhibiting Mitophagy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01512-5. [PMID: 39340591 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia remains an elusive factor in the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial injury. This study elucidates the role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the context of uric acid (UA)-induced vascular endothelial cell damage. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to varying UA concentrations (6 mg/dL to 50 mg/dL) for 48 h, or to 50 mg/dL UA for different time points (6 to 72 h). We observed a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, particularly at 40 mg/dL and 50 mg/dL UA. The autophagy marker LC3 exhibited reduced fluorescence intensity post-UA treatment, along with decreased expression of LC3-II/LC3I, beclin1, and p62, indicating impaired autophagy. The mechanistic exploration revealed that HCQ, in conjunction with the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA), exacerbated the inhibitory effects of UA on HUVEC autophagy. This was evidenced by a further reduction in mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins and diminished fluorescence of LC3-II/LC3-I and Parkin, culminating in suppressed cell proliferation and accelerated cell senescence and apoptosis. Conversely, the co-treatment with the mitochondrial autophagy inducer carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) and HCQ mitigated the detrimental effects of UA on HUVEC autophagy. This intervention led to increased expression of PINK1, Parkin, Bnip3, and Nix, along with enhanced fluorescence of LC3-II/LC3-I and Parkin, effectively inhibiting cell senescence and apoptosis while promoting cell proliferation. In conclusion, our findings underscore the pivotal role of HCQ in modulating UA-mediated vascular endothelial cell damage through the inhibition of mitophagy, providing novel insights into the therapeutic potential of targeting HCQ in the management of hyperuricemia-associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of institute office, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 32 Jiefang North Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guirong Ma
- Department of neurosurgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Department of neurosurgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, No. 156 Heping Road, Lionan District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2150118, China.
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Wang F, Zhao H, Mou Q, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Metabolite of esculetin plays an important role in cytotoxic effects induced by chloroquine on porcine immature Sertoli cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 101:105941. [PMID: 39278285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is widely used in the therapy against malarial, tumor and recently the COVID-19 pandemic, as a lysosomotropic agent to inhibit the endolysosomal trafficking in the autophagy pathway. We previously reported that CQ (20 μM, 36 h) could reprogram transcriptome, and impair multiple signaling pathways vital to porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs). However, whether CQ treatment could affect the metabolomic compositions of porcine iSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that CQ (20 μM, 36 h) treatment of porcine iSCs induced significant changes of 63 metabolites (11 up and 52 down) by the metabolomics method, which were involved in different metabolic pathways. Caffeic acid and esculetin, the top two up-regulated metabolites, were validated by ELISA. The combined analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome showed caffeic acid and esculetin to be highly correlated with multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including Ndrg1, S100a8, Sqstm1, S100a12, S100a9, Ill1, Lif, Ntn4 and Peg10. Furthermore, esculetin treatment (53 nM, 36 h) significantly decreased the viability and proliferation, suppressed the mitochondrial function, whereas promoted the apoptosis of porcine iSCs, similar to those by CQ treatment (20 μM, 36 h). Collectively, our results showed that CQ treatment induces metabolic changes, and its effect on porcine iSCs could be partially mediated by esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
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Singh S, Ahmad F, Aruri H, Das S, Parajuli P, Gavande NS, Singh PK, Kumar A. Novel quinoline substituted autophagy inhibitors attenuate Zika virus replication in ocular cells. Virus Res 2024; 347:199419. [PMID: 38880335 PMCID: PMC11239713 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging RNA virus that is known to cause ocular and neurological abnormalities in infants. ZIKV exploits autophagic processes in infected cells to enhance its replication and spread. Thus, autophagy inhibitors have emerged as a potent therapeutic target to combat RNA viruses, with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being one of the most promising candidates. In this study, we synthesized several novel small-molecule quinoline derivatives, assessed their antiviral activity, and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Among the nine synthesized analogs, two lead candidates, labeled GL-287 and GL-382, significantly attenuated ZIKV replication in human ocular cells, primarily by inhibiting autophagy. These two compounds surpassed the antiviral efficacy of HCQ and other existing autophagy inhibitors, such as ROC-325, DC661, and GNS561. Moreover, unlike HCQ, these novel analogs did not exhibit cytotoxicity in the ocular cells. Treatment with compounds GL-287 and GL-382 in ZIKV-infected cells increased the abundance of LC3 puncta, indicating the disruption of the autophagic process. Furthermore, compounds GL-287 and GL-382 effectively inhibited the ZIKV-induced innate inflammatory response in ocular cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates the safe and potent antiviral activity of novel autophagy inhibitors against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hariprasad Aruri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Prahlad Parajuli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Li E, van der Heyden MAG. The network of cardiac K IR2.1: its function, cellular regulation, electrical signaling, diseases and new drug avenues. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6369-6389. [PMID: 38683369 PMCID: PMC11422472 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The functioning of the human heart relies on complex electrical and communication systems that coordinate cardiac contractions and sustain rhythmicity. One of the key players contributing to this intricate system is the KIR2.1 potassium ion channel, which is encoded by the KCNJ2 gene. KIR2.1 channels exhibit abundant expression in both ventricular myocytes and Purkinje fibers, exerting an important role in maintaining the balance of intracellular potassium ion levels within the heart. And by stabilizing the resting membrane potential and contributing to action potential repolarization, these channels have an important role in cardiac excitability also. Either gain- or loss-of-function mutations, but also acquired impairments of their function, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse types of cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we aim to elucidate the system functions of KIR2.1 channels related to cellular electrical signaling, communication, and their contributions to cardiovascular disease. Based on this knowledge, we will discuss existing and new pharmacological avenues to modulate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encan Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Wang L, Guo X, Qin J, Jin Z, Liu Q, Sun C, Sun K, Li L, Wei X, Zhang Y. Assessing the causal relationship between plasma proteins and osteoporosis: novel insights into pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07225-y. [PMID: 39120624 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Identifying dysregulated plasma proteins in osteoporosis (OP) progression offers insights into prevention and treatment. This study found 8 such proteins associated with OP, suggesting them as therapy targets. This discovery may cut drug development costs and improve personalized treatments. PURPOSE This study aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for OP using summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analysis methods. Furthermore, we seek to explore the biological significance and pharmacological value of these drug targets. METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets for OP, we conducted SMR and colocalization analysis. Plasma protein (pQTL, exposure) data were sourced from the study by Ferkingstad et al. (n = 35,559). Summary statistics for bone mineral density (BMD, outcome) were obtained from the GWAS Catalog (n = 56,284). Additionally, we utilized enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, drug prediction, and molecular docking to further analyze the biological significance and pharmacological value of these drug targets. RESULTS In the SMR analysis, while 20 proteins showed significance, only 8 potential drug targets (GCKR, ERBB3, CFHR1, GPN1, SDF2, VTN, BET1L, and SERPING1) received support from colocalization (PP.H4 > 0.8). These proteins are closely associated with immune function in terms of biological significance. Molecular docking also demonstrated favorable binding of drugs to proteins, consistent with existing structural data, further substantiating the pharmacological value of these targets. CONCLUSIONS The study identified 8 potential drug targets for OP. These prospective targets are believed to have a higher chance of success in clinical trials, thus aiding in prioritizing OP drug development and reducing development costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyun Guo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinran Qin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zikai Jin
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Linghui Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhao X, Ma D, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang L. Research progress of T cell autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425443. [PMID: 39104538 PMCID: PMC11298352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells, as a major lymphocyte population involved in the adaptive immune response, play an important immunomodulatory role in the early stages of autoimmune diseases. Autophagy is a cellular catabolism mediated by lysosomes. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis by recycling degraded cytoplasmic components and damaged organelles. Autophagy has a protective effect on cells and plays an important role in regulating T cell development, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Autophagy mediates the participation of T cells in the acquired immune response and plays a key role in antigen processing as well as in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis. In autoimmune diseases, dysregulated autophagy of T cells largely influences the pathological changes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how T cells play a role in the immune mechanism of autoimmune diseases through autophagy pathway to guide the clinical treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Fan Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Sun H. Advancements in understanding the role of intestinal dysbacteriosis mediated mucosal immunity in IgA nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:203. [PMID: 38907188 PMCID: PMC11191200 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy, presently recognized as the foremost primary glomerular disorder, emerges as a principal contributor to renal failure globally, with its pathogenesis yet to be fully elucidated. Extensive research has highlighted the critical role of gut microbiome in the onset and progression of IgA nephropathy, underscoring its importance in accurately delineating the disease's etiology. For example, gut microbiome dysbacteriosis can lead to the production of nephritogenic IgA1 antibodies, which form immune complexes that deposit in the kidneys, causing inflammation and damage. The gut microbiome, a source of numerous bioactive compounds, interacts with the host and plays a regulatory role in gut-immune axis modulation, earning it the moniker of the "second brain." Recent investigations have particularly emphasized a significant correlation between IgA nephropathy and gut microbiome dysbacteriosis. This article offers a detailed overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of IgA nephropathy, specifically focusing on elucidating how alterations in the gut microbiome are associated with anomalies in the intestinal mucosal system in IgA nephropathy. Additionally, it describes the possible influence of gut microbiome on recurrent IgA nephropathy following kidney transplantation. Furthermore, it compiles potential therapeutic interventions, offering both theoretical and practical foundations for the management of IgA nephropathy. Lastly, the challenges currently faced in the therapeutic approaches to IgA nephropathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Fan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Han Xiao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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Li X, Xu B, Shen P, Cheng H, Fan Y, Gao Q. Regulation and Response Mechanism of Acute Low-Salinity Stress during Larval Stages in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Based on Multi-Omics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6809. [PMID: 38928514 PMCID: PMC11203951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in the water. In order to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the response of M. rosenbergii to acute low-salinity exposure, we conducted a comprehensive study of the response of M. rosenbergii exposed to different salinities' (0‱, 6‱, and 12‱) data for 120 h. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were found to be significantly inhibited in the hepatopancreas and muscle following low-salinity exposure, resulting in oxidative damage and immune deficits in M. rosenbergii. Differential gene enrichment in transcriptomics indicated that low-salinity stress induced metabolic differences and immune and inflammatory dysfunction in M. rosenbergii. The differential expressions of MIH, JHEH, and EcR genes indicated the inhibition of growth, development, and molting ability of M. rosenbergii. At the proteomic level, low salinity induced metabolic differences and affected biological and cellular regulation, as well as the immune response. Tyramine, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol, sorbitol, acetylcholine chloride, and chloroquine were screened by metabolomics as differential metabolic markers. In addition, combined multi-omics analysis revealed that metabolite chloroquine was highly correlated with low-salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Gao
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313000, China; (X.L.); (B.X.); (P.S.); (H.C.); (Y.F.)
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Wei M, Yang H, Shao Z, Wan H, Wang Y, Chen W. Effect of Chloroquine on Type 2 Inflammatory Response in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1093-1105. [PMID: 38765196 PMCID: PMC11102162 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s440308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis. Chloroquine (CQ) has long been proven to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Objective This paper aims to investigate the impact of CQ on type 2 inflammatory response in MC903-induced AD mice. Methods An AD mouse model was established via MC903 induction. After CQ treatment, AD mice were intraperitoneally injected with polyinosinic: polycyclic acid [poly (I:C)] or Nigericin. Dermatitis severity was scored, and the thickness of the left ear was measured. The pathological changes in mouse skin tissues were observed by H&E staining. The number of mast cells was counted via TB staining. The content of peripheral blood T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18 were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1 proteins in skin tissues were determined by Western blot. Results CQ treatment abated dermatitis severity and left ear thickness in AD mice, alleviated skin damage, reduced mast cell number, diminished IgE, TSLP, IL-4, and IL-13 levels, and peripheral blood Th2 cell content, with no significant changes in IFN-γ level. CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting the activation of TLR3. CQ suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activating TLR3/NLRP3 annulled CQ-mediated alleviation on type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. Conclusion CQ alleviated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inhibiting TLR3 activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixue Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengchao Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
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Chen Y, Lu M, Lin M, Gao Q. Network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the common mechanism of hydroxychloroquine treatment in lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy. Lupus 2024; 33:347-356. [PMID: 38285068 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241230377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), characterized by a broad effect on immune regulation, has been widely used in the treatment of autoimmune glomerulonephritis such as lupus nephritis (LN) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The current research investigates whether HCQ plays a role in the treatment of LN and IgAN through common mechanisms since the pathogenesis of both LN and IgAN is closely related to immune complex deposition, complement activation, and ultimately inflammation. METHODS Seventy-two common targets were obtained related to the common mechanism of HCQ treatment of LN and IgAN. Targets associated with LN and IgAN were collected based on DisGeNET, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. Possible HCQ targets were obtained from the PubChem database and PharmMapper databases. The overlapping targets of HCQ ingredients, IgAN, and LN were discovered via the Venn 2.1.0 online platform. Through the DAVID database, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted. Cytoscape (v3.9.1) was used to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Molecular docking was performed by using AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software and PyMol software to match the binding activity between HCQ and the 10 core targets. RESULTS The results showed that core targets (including MMP 2, PPARG, IL-2, MAPK14, MMP 9, and SRC), three signaling pathways (including the PI3K-Akt, AGE-RAGE, and MAPK), and cell differentiation (including Th1, Th2, and Th17) might be related to the body's immunity and inflammation. These results suggested that HCQ might act on targets and pathways involved in inflammation and immune regulation to exert a common effect on the treatment of LN and IgAN. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided new evidence for the protective mechanism and clinical utility of HCQ against LN and IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengshu Lin
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Gao
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Walhelm T, Wirestam L, Enman Y, Parodis I, Sjöwall C. Factors Associated with Survival and Discontinuation of Anti-Malarial Agents in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results from a Tertiary Swedish Referral Centre. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1485. [PMID: 38592294 PMCID: PMC10934232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimalarial agents (AMAs) are cornerstone drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their use has established benefits, such as improved prognosis and decelerated accrual of organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of discontinuation of AMAs and associated factors in a Swedish SLE population. Methods: We retrieved data from a regional SLE register where all patients fulfilled the 1982 ACR and/or the 2012 SLICC classification criteria. A total of 328 subjects were included in the analysis. Results: Altogether, 92.4% (303/328) had been prescribed AMAs at some point during their disease. At the last available visit, 67.7% (222/328) were currently prescribed AMAs. Among individuals who had discontinued use, 24.7% (20/81) had developed a contraindication. Side effects were also common reasons for discontinuation (n = 38); gastrointestinal symptoms (52.6%, 20/38) were most common. Patients who discontinued had accrued more organ damage at the last visit (mean SDI: 2.9; SD: 2.8) compared with those still on AMAs (mean SDI: 1.4; SD: 1.8; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Most patients had been exposed to AMAs, but 25% discontinued therapy. Among side effects leading to discontinuation, >50% were gastrointestinal, calling for adequate gastroprotection towards drug retention and prevention of organ damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Walhelm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Lina Wirestam
- Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Yvonne Enman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (Y.E.); (I.P.)
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (Y.E.); (I.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
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Pedraça ES, da Silva EL, de Lima TB, Rados PV, Visioli F. Systemic non-steroidal immunomodulators for oral lichen planus treatment-a scoping review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7091-7114. [PMID: 37921879 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of systemic nonsteroidal immunomodulators (SNSI) for oral lichen planus (OLP) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021243524). Consulted databases were Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria was as follows: clinical trials, case series, prospective, and retrospective studies conducted with participants presenting OLP of any sex and age. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were selected, assessing 9 different SNSI: methotrexate, dapsone, levamisole, hydroxychloroquine, thalidomide, metronidazole, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and colchicine. Methotrexate and dapsone were the drugs with the best evidence among the options included, regarding number and quality of studies. Methotrexate resulted in significant improvement in the clinical condition and remission of symptoms, ranging between 63 and 93% of cases. Dapsone presented a similar effect to the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus CONCLUSION: Among SNSI therapeutic options, methotrexate, and dapsone showed promising efficacy and safety. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials are still needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE SNSI have been used in the treatment of recalcitrant OLP; however, so far, it is not clear which are the best options. This scoping review highlights the potential use of methotrexate and dapsone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Souza Pedraça
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Liberato da Silva
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Taiane Berguemaier de Lima
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Varvaki Rados
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Cardoso MH, Hall MJ, Burgoyne T, Fale P, Storm T, Escrevente C, Antas P, Seabra MC, Futter CE. Impaired Lysosome Reformation in Chloroquine-Treated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:10. [PMID: 37548963 PMCID: PMC10411645 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To model the in vivo effects of chloroquine on the retinal pigment epithelium in experimentally tractable cell culture systems and determine the effects of mild chloroquine treatment on lysosome function and turnover. Methods Effects of low-dose chloroquine treatment on lysosomal function and accessibility to newly endocytosed cargo were investigated in primary and embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells and ARPE19 cells using fluorescence and electron microscopy of fluorescent and gold-labeled probes. Lysosomal protein expression and accumulation were measured by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Results Initial chloroquine-induced lysosome neutralization was followed by partial recovery, lysosomal expansion, and accumulation of undegraded endocytic, phagocytic, and autophagic cargo and inhibition of cathepsin D processing. Accumulation of enlarged lysosomes was accompanied by a gradual loss of accessibility of these structures to the endocytic pathway, implying impaired lysosome reformation. Chloroquine-induced accumulation of pro-cathepsin D, as well as the lysosomal membrane protein, LAMP1, was reproduced by treatment with protease inhibitors and preceded changes in lysosomal gene expression. Conclusions Low-dose chloroquine treatment inhibits lysosome reformation, causing a gradual depletion of lysosomes able to interact with cargo-carrying vacuoles and degrade their content. The resulting accumulation of newly synthesized pro-cathepsin D and LAMP1 reflects inhibition of normal turnover of lysosomal constituents and possibly lysosomes themselves. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying lysosome reformation may reveal new targets for the treatment of chloroquine-induced retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena Cardoso
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Pedro Fale
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Storm
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Escrevente
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Guo Y, Su Y, Zhang M, Ji H, Zhao C, Ling X, Shen R. Hydroxychloroquine improves pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer with positive serum autoantibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13732. [PMID: 37382170 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Does hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) improve pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in patients who are positive for autoantibodies? METHOD OF STUDY: This was a retrospective clinical study involving 128 patients who were positive for autoantibodies undergoing FET cycles between October 2017 and December 2022. Subjects were divided into two groups: a study group of 65 cycles with HCQ (HCQ was administered orally over 2 months before transplantation and continued during the first trimester) and a control group consisting of 63 cycles without HCQ (no HCQ was used throughout the FET cycle). Each patient was enrolled in the cohort only once. Then, we analyzed the clinical pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS Analysis showed that HCQ was a factor that independently associated with clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) OR (Odds Ratio): 3.106; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.458-6.616; p = .003. Furthermore, the implantation rate (IR), CPR and ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR) and early miscarriage rate (EMR) were significantly lower than that in the control group (p = .029, p < .001). CONCLUSION We found that HCQ improved clinical pregnancy outcomes and reduced the rate of first-trimester abortion in patients who were positive for autoantibodies during FET cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianqiu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kukreja RC, Wang R, Koka S, Das A, Samidurai A, Xi L. Treating diabetes with combination of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine-a possible prevention strategy for COVID-19? Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:679-696. [PMID: 36036333 PMCID: PMC9421626 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and the resultant devastating morbidity and mortality. The key features of T2D are hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. Patients with diabetes and myocardial infarction have worse prognosis than those without T2D. Moreover, obesity and T2D are recognized risk factors in developing severe form of COVID-19 with higher mortality rate. The current lines of drug therapy are insufficient to control T2D and its serious cardiovascular complications. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP specific enzyme, which is the target of erectile dysfunction drugs including sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. Cardioprotective effects of PDE5 inhibitors against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury were reported in normal and diabetic animals. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely used antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug and its hyperglycemia-controlling effect in diabetic patients is also under investigation. This review provides our perspective of a potential use of combination therapy of PDE5 inhibitor with HCQ to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial I/R injury in T2D. We previously observed that diabetic mice treated with tadalafil and HCQ had significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, increased plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and improved insulin sensitivity, along with smaller myocardial infarct size following I/R. The combination treatment activated Akt/mTOR cellular survival pathway, which was likely responsible for the salutary effects. Therefore, pretreatment with PDE5 inhibitor and HCQ may be a potentially useful therapy not only for controlling T2D but also reducing the rate and severity of COVID-19 infection in the vulnerable population of diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA.
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
| | - Saisudha Koka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pharmacology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916-6024, USA
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA.
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17
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Yang Z, Du Y, Lei L, Xia X, Wang X, Tong F, Li Y, Gao H. Co-delivery of ibrutinib and hydroxychloroquine by albumin nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy of glioma. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122436. [PMID: 36436742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (IBR) is an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that has been approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies. It was reported that IBR exhibited great therapeutic potential for glioma. However, the poor water solubility and high hepatic first-pass effect restrict its anti-glioma application. Meanwhile, IBR induces cytoprotective autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thus leading to a compromised antitumor effect. Herein, we aimed to develop a human serum albumin (HSA) based co-delivery system (IBR&HCQ HSA NPs) encapsulating IBR and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The bioavailability of IBR was largely improved, and enhanced sensitivity of glioma to IBR was achieved due to inhibition effect of HCQ on IBR-induced pro-survival autophagy. The physicochemical properties of IBR&HCQ HSA NPs were characterized to optimize the formulation. Biodistribution investigation revealed that HSA NPs (20 mg/kg, i.v.) dramatically increased the accumulation of IBR in glioma, which was 5.59 times higher than that of free IBR (100 mg/kg, i.g.). CCK-8 and apoptosis assays demonstrated that IBR&HCQ HSA NPs showed maximal cytotoxicity to C6 cells. In vivo studies indicated that the survival time was significantly prolonged in IBR&HCQ HSA NPs treated mice compared to those treated with IBR HSA NPs. Taken together, the HSA-based drug delivery system of IBR and HCQ opens a new avenue for efficient treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yufan Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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18
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Alexopoulou L. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors: Important players in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980400. [PMID: 36389822 PMCID: PMC9659959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, as well as other organ systems like the lungs, kidneys and nervous system. SS can occur alone or in combination with another autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of SS is unknown but recent studies have revealed the implication of the activation of innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly through the detection of endogenous nucleic acids, in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Studies on SS mouse models suggest that TLRs and especially TLR7 that detects single-stranded RNA of microbial or endogenous origin can drive the development of SS and findings in SS patients corroborate those in mouse models. In this review, we will give an overview of the function and signaling of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, the interplay of TLR7 with TLR8 and TLR9 in the context of autoimmunity, summarize the evidence for the critical role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of SS and present a possible connection between SARS-CoV-2 and SS.
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Jin C, Gao BB, Zhou WJ, Zhao BJ, Fang X, Yang CL, Wang XH, Xia Q, Liu TT. Hydroxychloroquine attenuates autoimmune hepatitis by suppressing the interaction of GRK2 with PI3K in T lymphocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:972397. [PMID: 36188529 PMCID: PMC9520598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.972397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is derivative of the heterocyclic aromatic compound quinoline, which has been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The central purpose of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects and inflammatory immunological molecular mechanism of HCQ in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Treatment with HCQ ameliorated hepatic pathologic damage, inflammatory infiltration, while promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) and down-regulated CD8+T cell differentiation in AIH mice induced by S-100 antigen. In vitro, HCQ also suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12) secretion, promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1) secretion. HCQ mainly impaired T cell lipid metabolism but not glycolysis to promote Treg differentiation and function. Mechanistically, HCQ down-regulated GRK2 membrane translocation in T cells, inhibited GRK2-PI3K interaction to reduce the PI3K recruiting to the membrane, followed by suppressing the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal. Pretreating T cells with paroxetine, a GRK2 inhibitor, disturbed HCQ effect to T cells. HCQ also reversed the activation of the PI3K-AKT axis by 740 Y-P (PI3K agonist). Meanwhile, HCQ inhibited the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, JAK2-STAT3-SOCS3 and increased the AMPK signals in the liver and T cells of AIH mice. In conclusion, HCQ exhibited specific and potent therapeutic effects on AIH and attendant liver injury, which was attributed to HCQ acted on GRK2 translocation, inhibited metabolism-related PI3K-AKT and inflammation-related JAK2-STAT3 signal in T lymphocytes, thereby modulating lipid metabolism of T cell function to regulate Treg differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- School of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun-Lan Yang
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Liu Y, Chen XQ, Wang F, Cheng B, Zhou G. Melatonin relieves Th17/CD4−CD8− T cells inflammatory responses via nuclear-receptor dependent manner in peripheral blood of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Liu J, Zhang L, Tian Y, Wan S, Hu M, Song S, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Xia Y, Wang X. Protection by hydroxychloroquine prevents placental injury in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4357-4370. [PMID: 35770338 PMCID: PMC9344817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs, and anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibody is the main pathogenic antibody), and recurrent abortion, preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction and other placental diseases are the main clinical characteristics of placental pathological pregnancy. It is a disease that seriously threatens the health of pregnant women. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was originally used as an anti‐malaria drug and has now shown benefit in refractory OAPS where conventional treatment has failed, with the expectation of providing protective clinical benefits for both the mother and foetus. However, its efficacy and mechanism of action are still unclear. After clinical data were collected to determine the therapeutic effect, human trophoblast cells in early pregnancy were prepared and treated with aPL. After the addition of HCQ, the proliferation, invasion, migration and tubule formation of the trophoblast cells were observed so that the therapeutic mechanism of HCQ on trophoblast cells could be determined. By establishing an obstetric APS mouse model similar to the clinical situation, we were able to detect the therapeutic effect of HCQ on pathological pregnancy. The normal function of trophoblast cells is affected by aPL. Antibodies reduce the ability of trophoblast cells to invade and migrate and can impair tubule formation, which are closely related to placental insufficiency. HCQ can partially reverse these side effects. In the OAPS mouse model, we found that HCQ prevented foetal death and reduced the incidence of pathological pregnancy. Therefore, HCQ can improve pregnancy outcomes and reverse the aPL inhibition of trophoblast disease. In OAPS, the use of HCQ needs to be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yijia Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
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Zeng S, Li Y, Zhu W, Luo Z, Wu K, Li X, Fang Y, Qin Y, Chen W, Li Z, Zou L, Liu X, Yi L, Fan S. The Advances of Broad-Spectrum and Hot Anti-Coronavirus Drugs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071294. [PMID: 35889013 PMCID: PMC9317368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, mainly including severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, human coronavirus OC43, chicken infectious bronchitis virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and murine hepatitis virus, can cause severe diseases in humans and livestock. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting millions of human beings with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the multiplicity of swine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus in swine suggests that coronaviruses seriously jeopardize the safety of public health and that therapeutic intervention is urgently needed. Currently, the most effective methods of prevention and control for coronaviruses are vaccine immunization and pharmacotherapy. However, the emergence of mutated viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. In addition, vaccine developments often lag behind, making it difficult to put them into use early in the outbreak. Therefore, it is meaningful to screen safe, cheap, and broad-spectrum antiviral agents for coronaviruses. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and state of anti-human and porcine coronavirus drugs, in order to provide theoretical support for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs and other antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zipeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
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Liu Y, Zhou T, Hu J, Jin S, Wu J, Guan X, Wu Y, Cui J. Targeting Selective Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Viral Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889835. [PMID: 35572624 PMCID: PMC9096610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation system which can recycle multiple cytoplasmic components under both physiological and stressful conditions. Autophagy could be highly selective to deliver different cargoes or substrates, including protein aggregates, pathogenic proteins or superfluous organelles to lysosome using a series of cargo receptor proteins. During viral invasion, cargo receptors selectively target pathogenic components to autolysosome to defense against infection. However, viruses not only evolve different strategies to counteract and escape selective autophagy, but also utilize selective autophagy to restrict antiviral responses to expedite viral replication. Furthermore, several viruses could activate certain forms of selective autophagy, including mitophagy, lipophagy, aggrephagy, and ferritinophagy, for more effective infection and replication. The complicated relationship between selective autophagy and viral infection indicates that selective autophagy may provide potential therapeutic targets for human infectious diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the interplay between selective autophagy and host antiviral defense, aiming to arouse the importance of modulating selective autophagy as future therapies toward viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu Y, Li Z, Chen G, Li Z, Huang J, Huang H, Xie Y, Chen Q, Zhu W, Wang M, Chen J, Su W, Chen X, Liang D. Hydroxychloroquine Alleviates EAU by Inhibiting Uveitogenic T Cells and Ameliorating Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859260. [PMID: 35401507 PMCID: PMC8989724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation triggers the activation of CD4+T cells and the breakdown of blood–retinal barrier, thus contributing to the pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on EAU and the potential mechanisms active in T cells and retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs). Methods C57BL/6J mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 1-20 (IRBP1–20) to induce EAU and then treated with the vehicle or HCQ (100 mg/kg/day). On day 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 after immunization, clinical scores were evaluated. On day 14, histopathological scores were assessed, and retinas, spleens, and lymph nodes were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry analysis. RVEC dysfunction was induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) stimulation. The expression of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was measured in RVECs with or without HCQ. Results HCQ treatment protected mice from uveitis, evidenced by reduced expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in the retina. In systemic immune response, HCQ inhibited the activation of naïve CD4+T cells and frequencies of T effector cells, and promoted T regulatory cells. HCQ decreased IRBP1-20–specific T cell responses and proliferation of CD4+T cells in vitro. Further studies established that TNF-α induced RVECs to express inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, whereas HCQ alleviated the alterations via the LOX-1/NF-κB pathways. Conclusions HCQ alleviates EAU by regulating the Teff/Treg balance and ameliorating RVECs dysfunction via the LOX-1/NF-κB axis. HCQ may be a promising therapeutic candidate for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Quek AML, Ooi DSQ, Teng O, Chan CY, Ng GJL, Ng MY, Yee S, Cheong EW, Weng R, Cook AR, Hartman M, Angeli V, Tambyah PA, Seet RCS. Zinc and vitamin C intake increases spike and neutralising antibody production following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e731. [PMID: 35184404 PMCID: PMC8858613 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy May Lin Quek
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Division of Neurology Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Pediatrics Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat‐National University Children's Medical Institute National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore
| | - Ooiean Teng
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Chang Yien Chan
- Department of Pediatrics Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat‐National University Children's Medical Institute National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore
| | - Geelyn Jeng Lin Ng
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Mei Yen Ng
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Sidney Yee
- Diagnostic Development Hub, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
| | - Ee Wan Cheong
- Diagnostic Development Hub, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
| | - Ruifen Weng
- Diagnostic Development Hub, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
| | - Alex R. Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Immunology Programme Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases National University Hospital Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Raymond Chee Seong Seet
- Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
- Division of Neurology Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
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26
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Gao Q, Gao L, Zhang W, Xin X, Chen K, Srivastava U, Ginjupalli VKM, Cupelli M, Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Chen L, Boutjdir M. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms of interleukin-6 combination with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in inflammatory diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1075. [PMID: 35058480 PMCID: PMC8776801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases including COVID-19 are associated with a cytokine storm characterized by high interleukin-6 (IL-6) titers. In particular, while recent studies examined COVID-19 associated arrhythmic risks from cardiac injury and/or from pharmacotherapy such as the combination of azithromycin (AZM) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the role of IL-6 per se in increasing the arrhythmic risk remains poorly understood. The objective is to elucidate the electrophysiological basis of inflammation-associated arrhythmic risk in the presence of AZM and HCQ. IL-6, AZM and HCQ were concomitantly administered to guinea pigs in-vivo and in-vitro. Electrocardiograms, action potentials and ion-currents were analyzed. IL-6 alone or the combination AZM + HCQ induced mild to moderate reduction in heart rate, PR-interval and corrected QT (QTc) in-vivo and in-vitro. Notably, IL-6 alone was more potent than the combination of the two drugs in reducing heart rate, increasing PR-interval and QTc. In addition, the in-vivo or in-vitro combination of IL-6 + AZM + HCQ caused severe bradycardia, conduction abnormalities, QTc prolongation and asystole. These electrocardiographic abnormalities were attenuated in-vivo by tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor, and are due in part to the prolongation of action potential duration and selective inhibition of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ currents. Inflammation confers greater risk for arrhythmia than the drug combination therapy. As such, in the setting of elevated IL-6 during inflammation caution must be taken when co-administering drugs known to predispose to fatal arrhythmias and TCZ could be an important player as a novel anti-arrhythmic agent. Thus, identifying inflammation as a critical culprit is essential for proper management.
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Li X, Liao X, Yan X, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Liu R, Xu Z, Wang Q, Xu Q, Ru L, Song J. Acute and subacute oral toxicity of artemisinin-hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 129:105114. [PMID: 35007669 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin-hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets (AH) are considered a relatively inexpensive and novel combination therapy for treating all forms of malaria, especially aminoquinoline drugs-resistant strains of P.falciparum. We aim to carry out acute and subacute oral toxicity studies in rats to acquire preclinical data on the safety of AH. Acute toxicity was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at a single dose of 1980, 2970, 4450, 6670, and 10000 mg/kg. A 14-days subacute toxicity was assessed in SD rats at doses of 0, 146, 219, 328, and 429 mg/kg. The median lethal dose (LD50) of acute oral administration of AH in rats is found to be 3119 mg/kg, and toxic symptoms include decreased spontaneous activity, dyspnea, bristling, soft feces, spasticity, and convulsion. Repeated doses of AH have toxic effects on the nervous system, skin, blood system, liver, kidney, and spleen in rats. The main toxic reactions include epilation, emaciation, mental irritability, decreased body weight gain and food consumption, changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters, especially pathological lesions in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of AH are considered to be 219 mg/kg and 328 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Xingcheng Liao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiufang Yan
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yueming Yuan
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China; Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Li Ru
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510445, China.
| | - Jianping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Yao Y, Ma D, Xu Y, Yuan XL, Liang JJ, Chen SL, Jhanji V, Ng TK. Hydroxychloroquine treatment on SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 expression in human primary pterygium and conjunctival cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 214:108864. [PMID: 34826419 PMCID: PMC8610570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its infection depends on the binding of spike protein to the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Hydroxychloroquine has been applied as one of the COVID-19 treatment strategies. Here we aimed to evaluate hydroxychloroquine treatment on SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression in human primary pterygium and conjunctival cells and its potential influences. Expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 proteins were found in the epithelial layer of both primary pterygium and conjunctiva tissues as well as in their isolated fibroblasts. High concentration of hydroxychloroquine treatment significantly reduced the viability of both primary pterygium and conjunctival cells. ACE2 protein expression was significantly decreased in both pterygium and conjunctival cells after hydroxychloroquine treatment. Hydroxychloroquine also reduced NRP1 protein expression in conjunctival cells. In contrast, TMPRSS2 protein expression showed slightly increased in conjunctival cells. Notably, ROS production and SOD2 expression was significantly elevated in both pterygium and conjunctival cells after hydroxychloroquine treatment. In summary, this study revealed the reduction of ACE2 and NRP1 expression by hydroxychloroquine in human primary pterygium and conjunctival fibroblasts; yet with the increase in TMPRSS2 expression and oxidative stress and decrease in cell viability. Implementation of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment should be carefully considered with its potential side effects and in combination with TMPRSS2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Ma
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Mou Q, Yang YW, Chen L, Fang T, Yao YC, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Melatonin mitigates Chloroquine-induced defects in porcine immature Sertoli cells. Theriogenology 2022; 177:1-10. [PMID: 34653791 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) could function as a lysosomotropic agent to inhibit the endolysosomal trafficking in the autophagy pathway, and is widely used on malarial, tumor and recently COVID-19. However, the effect of CQ treatment on porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed that CQ could reduce iSC viability in a dose-dependent manner. CQ treatment (20 μM) on iSCs for 36h could elevate oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial function and promote apoptosis, which could be partially rescued by melatonin (MT) (10 nM). Transcriptome profiling identified 1611 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (776 up- and 835 down-regulated) (20 μM CQ vs. DMSO), mainly involved in MAPK cascade, cell proliferation/apoptosis, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt and lysosome signaling pathways. In contrast, only 467 (224 up- and 243 down-regulated) DEGs (CQ + MT vs. DMSO) could be found after MT (10 nM) addition, enriched in cell cycle, regulation of apoptotic process, lysosome and reproduction pathways. Therefore, the partial rescue effects of MT on CQ treatment were confirmed by multiple assays (cell viability, ROS level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and mRNA levels of selected genes). Collectively, CQ treatment could impair porcine iSC viability by deranging the signaling pathways related to apoptosis and autophagy, which could be partially rescued by MT supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Chang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Du J, Wu X, Abdelrehem A, Ren Y, Liu C, Zhou X, Wang S. Crosstalk between autophagy and microbiota in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:163. [PMID: 34895252 PMCID: PMC8665582 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process seen in eukaryotes and is essentially a lysosome-dependent protein degradation pathway. The dysregulation of autophagy is often associated with the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancers, and can not only promote the survival of cancer but also trigger the tumor cell death. During cancer development, the microbial community might predispose cells to tumorigenesis by promoting mucosal inflammation, causing systemic disorders, and may also regulate the immune response to cancer. The complex relationship between autophagy and microorganisms can protect the body by activating the immune system. In addition, autophagy and microorganisms can crosstalk with each other in multifaceted ways to influence various physiological and pathological responses involved in cancer progression. Various molecular mechanisms, correlating the microbiota disorders and autophagy activation, control the outcomes of protumor or antitumor responses, which depend on the cancer type, tumor microenvironment and disease stage. In this review, we mainly emphasize the leading role of autophagy during the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and human cancers and investigate the various molecular mechanisms by which autophagy modulates such complicated biological processes. Moreover, we also highlight the possibility of curing cancers with multiple molecular agents targeting the microbiota/autophagy axis. Finally, we summarize the emerging clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of targeting either autophagy or microbiota as anticancer strategies, although the crosstalk between them has not been explored thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ahmed Abdelrehem
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
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Li XB, Cao NW, Chu XJ, Zhou HY, Wang H, Yu SJ, Ye DQ, Li BZ. Antimalarials may reduce cancer risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Med 2021; 53:1687-1695. [PMID: 34553648 PMCID: PMC8462850 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1981547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of antimalarials on cancer risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to October 3, 2020. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to evaluate the results. Subgroup analyses were used to assess heterogeneity. A funnel plot was used to explore publication bias. STATA was applied for all analyses. RESULTS A total of nine studies consisted of four nested case-control, two case-cohort and three cohort studies were included. The results showed that antimalarials might reduce the risk of cancer in SLE (RR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.55-0.85). In the subgroup analysis of four nested case-control and two case-cohort studies, the pooled RR was estimated as 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60-0.80). In four studies about hydroxychloroquine, the pooled RR was estimated as 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53-0.93). Antimalarials might reduce the risk of cancer in SLE among the Asian population (RR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.49-0.88) (I2 = 43.1%, p = .173). And the consistent result was also found in SLE from multiple centres (RR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.60-0.87) (I2 = 0%, p = .671). On disease course- and comorbidities-matched studies, the pooled RRs were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.93) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.46-0.75), respectively. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis showed that antimalarial drugs might be protective factors for cancer in SLE. Hydroxychloroquine might be a protective factor for cancer in SLE patients.KEY MESSAGESAntimalarials might be protective factors for cancer in SLE.Hydroxychloroquine might be a protective factor for cancer in SLE patients.The first article to perform the meta-analysis of antimalarial drugs on the risk of cancer in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nv-Wei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yue Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Si-Jie Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine “5 + 3” Integration, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chou KY, Chen PC, Chang AC, Tsai TF, Chen HE, Ho CY, Hwang TIS. Attenuation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on the invasive potential of bladder cancer through targeting matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2138-2145. [PMID: 34278709 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), one of the most common urological neoplastic disorders in men, has an extremely low survival rate because of its tendency to metastasize. The anticancer drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxy CQ (HCQ) might inhibit tumor progression and invasiveness. However, the mechanism by which CQ and HCQ influence BC is undetermined. In this study, CQ and HCQ treatments inhibited the migration and invasion of two BC cell types (5637 and T24) through expression modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which belongs to the matrix MMP family and is a key mediator of cancer progression. Moreover, additional data revealed that the migrative and invasive effects of BC cells treated with CQ or HCQ were abolished after treatment with rapamycin, which induces autophagy, demonstrating that CQ and HCQ functions in BC are based on autophagy inhibition. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that CQ and HCQ regulated cell motility in BC through MMP-2 downregulation by targeting autophagy functions, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Chou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-En Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yen Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas I-Sheng Hwang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Antitumor effects of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway through abrogation of autophagic p47 degradation in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256320. [PMID: 34407152 PMCID: PMC8372904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) originates from human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection due to the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway to maintain proliferation and survival. An important mechanism of the activated NF-κB signaling pathway in ATLL is the activation of the macroautophagy (herafter referred to as autophagy in the remainder of this manuscript)-lysosomal degradation of p47 (NSFL1C), a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, we considered the use of chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (CQ/HCQ) as an autophagy inhibitor to treat ATLL; these drugs were originally approved by the FDA as antimalarial drugs and have recently been used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this paper, we determined the therapeutic efficacy of CQ/HCQ, as NF-κB inhibitors, in ATLL mediated by blockade of p47 degradation. Administration of CQ/HCQ to ATLL cell lines and primary ATLL cells induced cell growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner, and the majority of cells underwent apoptosis after CQ administration. As to the molecular mechanism, autophagy was inhibited in CQ-treated ATLL cells, and activation of the NF-κB pathway was suppressed with the restoration of the p47 level. When the antitumor effect of CQ/HCQ was examined using immunodeficient mice transplanted with ATLL cell lines, CQ/HCQ significantly suppressed tumor growth and improved the survival rate in the ATLL xenograft mouse model. Importantly, HCQ selectively induced ATLL cell death in the ATLL xenograft mouse model at the dose used to treat SLE. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhibition of autophagy by CQ/HCQ may become a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of ATLL.
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34
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Li YQ, Zheng Z, Liu QX, Lu X, Zhou D, Zhang J, Zheng H, Dai JG. Repositioning of Antiparasitic Drugs for Tumor Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670804. [PMID: 33996598 PMCID: PMC8117216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a strategy for identifying new antitumor drugs; this strategy allows existing and approved clinical drugs to be innovatively repurposed to treat tumors. Based on the similarities between parasitic diseases and cancer, recent studies aimed to investigate the efficacy of existing antiparasitic drugs in cancer. In this review, we selected two antihelminthic drugs (macrolides and benzimidazoles) and two antiprotozoal drugs (artemisinin and its derivatives, and quinolines) and summarized the research progresses made to date on the role of these drugs in cancer. Overall, these drugs regulate tumor growth via multiple targets, pathways, and modes of action. These antiparasitic drugs are good candidates for comprehensive, in-depth analyses of tumor occurrence and development. In-depth studies may improve the current tumor diagnoses and treatment regimens. However, for clinical application, current investigations are still insufficient, warranting more comprehensive analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Ertl HCJ. T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to AAV and AAV Vectors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666666. [PMID: 33927727 PMCID: PMC8076552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer has benefited patients with inherited diseases, such as hemophilia B, by achieving long-term expression of the therapeutic transgene. Nevertheless, challenges remain due to rejection of AAV-transduced cells, which in some, but not all, patients can be prevented by immunosuppression. It is assumed that CD8+ T cells induced by natural infections with AAVs are recalled by the AAV vector's capsid and upon activation eliminate cells expressing the degraded capsid antigens. Alternatively, it is feasible that AAV vectors, especially if given at high doses, induce de novo capsid- or transgene product-specific T cell responses. This chapter discusses CD8+ T cell responses to AAV infections and AAV gene transfer and avenues to prevent their activation or block their effector functions.
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Suchowiecki K, Reid SP, Simon GL, Firestein GS, Chang A. Persistent Joint Pain Following Arthropod Virus Infections. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:26. [PMID: 33847834 PMCID: PMC8042844 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Persistent joint pain is a common manifestation of arthropod-borne viral infections and can cause long-term disability. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of arthritogenic alphavirus infection. RECENT FINDINGS The global re-emergence of alphaviral outbreaks has led to an increase in virus-induced arthralgia and arthritis. Alphaviruses, including Chikungunya, O'nyong'nyong, Sindbis, Barmah Forest, Ross River, and Mayaro viruses, are associated with acute and/or chronic rheumatic symptoms. Identification of Mxra8 as a viral entry receptor in the alphaviral replication pathway creates opportunities for treatment and prevention. Recent evidence suggesting virus does not persist in synovial fluid during chronic chikungunya infection indicates that immunomodulators may be given safely. The etiology of persistent joint pain after alphavirus infection is still poorly understood. New diagnostic tools along and evidence-based treatment could significantly improve morbidity and long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Suchowiecki
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
| | - St. Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900 USA
| | - Gary L. Simon
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- UC San Diego Health Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive #0602, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Aileen Chang
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
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Ramírez H, Fernandez E, Rodrigues J, Mayora S, Martínez G, Celis C, De Sanctis JB, Mijares M, Charris J. Synthesis and antimalarial and anticancer evaluation of 7-chlorquinoline-4-thiazoleacetic derivatives containing aryl hydrazide moieties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100002. [PMID: 33660349 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Twelve 7-chloroquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized using the principle of molecular hybridization through the coupling of 2-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl]acetic acid 1 with various benzoyl hydrazines 2a-l. The synthetic compounds were tested as antimalarials. Some of them showed an efficient in vitro activity as inhibitors of β-hematin formation and an in vivo activity in a murine model, resulting in compounds 8 and 9 as the most active ones with IC50 values of 0.65 ± 0.09 and 0.64 ± 0.16 µM, respectively. The effects of the compounds on the cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis induction of A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were also examined. Our data showed that compounds 6 and 12 were the most active agents, decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 15.41 and 12.99 µM, respectively. None of the compounds analyzed significantly affected the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also, significant induction of apoptosis was observed when both cancer cell lines were incubated with compounds 6 and 12. In MCF-7 cells, treatment with these compounds led to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The results obtained suggest that these structures may be useful in developing new therapies for malaria and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegira Ramírez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Rodrigues
- Departamento de Tecnología de Procesos Biológicos y Bioquímicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Soriuska Mayora
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gricelis Martínez
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carmen Celis
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mijares
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Das V, De Sanctis JB. Small Natural and Synthetic Molecules for Therapeutic Use. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4349-4350. [DOI: 10.2174/138161282635200910103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotínska 1333/5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotínska 1333/5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
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Zang Y, Han X, He M, Shi J, Li Y. Hydroxychloroquine use and progression or prognosis of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:775-782. [PMID: 32892293 PMCID: PMC7474863 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been implicated in antiviral activity in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there is still controversy about whether HCQ should be used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients due to the conflicting results in different clinical trials. To systematically assess the benefits and harms of HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19. Data sources were systematically searched from Pubmed, Biorxiv, ChiCTR, Clinicalrials.gov , and the Cochrane library of RCTs for studies published from inception to June 1, 2020, to obtain any possible inclusion. This meta-analysis of inclusion criteria was directed on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Pooled studies by the title and abstract were screened and removed in the light of meta-analysis by two reviewers. Seven studies involving 851 participants with COVID-19 were eligible for analysis. There was no significant difference in RT-PCR negative conversion between HCQ group and standard treatment (ST) group (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.77-1.59, P = 0.591). The rate of exacerbated pneumonia on chest CT in HCQ group was lower than that in ST group (RR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20-0.94, P = 0.035). There was no statistical difference in progressed illness between the HCQ group and the ST group (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.18-2.43, P = 0.530). Death (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.26-2.93, P = 0.003) was distinctly different in HCQ group compared with ST group in the treatment of COVID-19. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no robust evidence to support prescribing HCQ as a treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Zang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijiao He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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