1
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Gupta P, Kumar R. GTP cyclohydroxylase1 (GCH1): Role in neurodegenerative diseases. Gene 2023; 888:147749. [PMID: 37652170 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
GCH1 gene provides directions for the synthesis of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 which regulates the formation of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a crucial cofactor for essential neurotransmitters synthesis such as dopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide synthases. Deficiency of GCH1 limits the synthesis of BH4 which is responsible for neuropsychiatric diseases such as dopa-responsive dystonia, hyperalaninemia, Parkinson's disease and depression. Few single nucleotide polymorphisms of GCH1 gene are also responsible for pain in sickle cell disease. Furthermore, GCH1 regulates NO activity which controls the blood pressure, vasodilatory functions and oxidative stress. Understanding the therapeutic implications of targeting GCH1 which holds promise for treating various diseases. Novel therapeutic strategies could involve small molecule drugs or gene therapy techniques that enhance GCH1 expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, India.
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2
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Santi MD, Zhang M, Liu N, Viet CT, Xie T, Jensen DD, Amit M, Pan H, Ye Y. Repurposing EGFR Inhibitors for Oral Cancer Pain and Opioid Tolerance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1558. [PMID: 38004424 PMCID: PMC10674507 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer pain remains a significant public health concern. Despite the development of improved treatments, pain continues to be a debilitating clinical feature of the disease, leading to reduced oral mobility and diminished quality of life. Opioids are the gold standard treatment for moderate-to-severe oral cancer pain; however, chronic opioid administration leads to hyperalgesia, tolerance, and dependence. The aim of this review is to present accumulating evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, often dysregulated in cancer, is also an emerging signaling pathway critically involved in pain and opioid tolerance. We presented preclinical and clinical data to demonstrate how repurposing EGFR inhibitors typically used for cancer treatment could be an effective pharmacological strategy to treat oral cancer pain and to prevent or delay the development of opioid tolerance. We also propose that EGFR interaction with the µ-opioid receptor and glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor could be two novel downstream mechanisms contributing to pain and morphine tolerance. Most data presented here support that repurposing EGFR inhibitors as non-opioid analgesics in oral cancer pain is promising and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Santi
- Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.D.S.); (M.Z.); (N.L.); (D.D.J.)
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Morgan Zhang
- Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.D.S.); (M.Z.); (N.L.); (D.D.J.)
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Naijiang Liu
- Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.D.S.); (M.Z.); (N.L.); (D.D.J.)
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chi T. Viet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (M.A.)
| | - Dane D. Jensen
- Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.D.S.); (M.Z.); (N.L.); (D.D.J.)
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (M.A.)
| | - Huilin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yi Ye
- Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.D.S.); (M.Z.); (N.L.); (D.D.J.)
- Pain Research Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
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3
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Lai W, Chen J, Wang T, Liu Q. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and steroid hormone signaling in gynecologic cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1223493. [PMID: 37469703 PMCID: PMC10352791 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1223493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel types of regulated cell death and is widely studied in cancers and many other diseases in recent years. It is characterized by iron accumulation and intense lipid peroxidation that ultimately inducing oxidative damage. So far, signaling pathways related to ferroptosis are involved in all aspects of determining cell fate, including oxidative phosphorylation, metal-ion transport, energy metabolism and cholesterol synthesis progress, et al. Recently, accumulated studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis is associated with gynecological oncology related to steroid hormone signaling. This review trends to summarize the mechanisms and applications of ferroptosis in cancers related to estrogen and progesterone, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Cronin SJF, Andrews NA, Latremoliere A. Peripheralized sepiapterin reductase inhibition as a safe analgesic therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173599. [PMID: 37251335 PMCID: PMC10213231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel analgesics for chronic pain in the last 2 decades has proven virtually intractable, typically failing due to lack of efficacy and dose-limiting side effects. Identified through unbiased gene expression profiling experiments in rats and confirmed by human genome-wide association studies, the role of excessive tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in chronic pain has been validated by numerous clinical and preclinical studies. BH4 is an essential cofactor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, nitric oxide synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase so a lack of BH4 leads to a range of symptoms in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). An ideal therapeutic goal therefore would be to block excessive BH4 production, while preventing potential BH4 rundown. In this review, we make the case that sepiapterin reductase (SPR) inhibition restricted to the periphery (i.e., excluded from the spinal cord and brain), is an efficacious and safe target to alleviate chronic pain. First, we describe how different cell types that engage in BH4 overproduction and contribute to pain hypersensitivity, are themselves restricted to peripheral tissues and show their blockade is sufficient to alleviate pain. We discuss the likely safety profile of peripherally restricted SPR inhibition based on human genetic data, the biochemical alternate routes of BH4 production in various tissues and species, and the potential pitfalls to predictive translation when using rodents. Finally, we propose and discuss possible formulation and molecular strategies to achieve peripherally restricted, potent SPR inhibition to treat not only chronic pain but other conditions where excessive BH4 has been demonstrated to be pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick A. Andrews
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Hussein D. In Silico Investigation of the Human GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Enzyme Reveals the Potential of Drug Repurposing Approaches towards the Discovery of Effective BH 4 Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021210. [PMID: 36674724 PMCID: PMC9862521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The GTP cyclohydrolase 1 enzyme (GTPCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthetic pathway. Physiologically, BH4 plays a crucial role as an essential cofactor for the production of catecholamine neurotransmitters, including epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, as well as the gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide. Pathological levels of the cofactor have been reported in a number of disease states, such as inflammatory conditions, neuropathic pain and cancer. Targeting the GTPCH1 enzyme has great potential in the management of a number of disease pathologies associated with dysregulated BH4 physiology. This study is an in silico investigation of the human GTPCH1 enzyme using virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation to identify molecules that can be repurposed to therapeutically target the enzyme. A three-tier molecular docking protocol was employed in the virtual screening of a comprehensive library of over 7000 approved medications and nutraceuticals in order to identify hit compounds capable of binding to the GTPCH1 binding pocket with the highest affinity. Hit compounds were further verified by molecular dynamic simulation studies to provide a detailed insight regarding the stability and nature of the binding interaction. In this study, we identify a number of drugs and natural compounds with recognized anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cytotoxic effects, including the aminosalicylate olsalazine, the antiepileptic phenytoin catechol, and the phlorotannins phlorofucofuroeckol and eckol. Our results suggest that the therapeutic and clinical effects of hit compounds may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the GTPCH1 enzyme. Notably, this study offers an understanding of the off-target effects of a number of compounds and advocates the potential role of aminosalicylates in the regulation of BH4 production in inflammatory disease states. It highlights an in silico drug repurposing approach to identify a potential means of safely targeting the BH4 biosynthetic pathway using established therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Khobar 31441, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Lim EXY, Webster JA, Rudd PA, Herrero LJ. Pathways Activated by Infected and Bystander Chondrocytes in Response to Ross River Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:136. [PMID: 36680176 PMCID: PMC9864161 DOI: 10.3390/v15010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Old world alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus (RRV), cause debilitating arthralgia during acute and chronic stages of the disease. RRV-induced cartilage degradation has been implicated as a cause of joint pain felt by RRV patients. Chondrocytes are a major cell type of cartilage and are involved in the production and maintenance of the cartilage matrix. It is thought that these cells may play a vital role in RRV disease pathogenesis. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to examine the transcriptomes of RRV-infected and bystander chondrocytes in the same environment. RRV containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) allowed for the separation of RRV-infected (GFP+) and bystander uninfected cells (GFP-). We found that whereas GFP+ and GFP- populations commonly presented similar gene expression profiles during infection, there were also unique signatures. For example, RIMS2 and FOXJ1 were unique to GFP+ cells, whilst Aim2 and CCL8 were only found in bystander chondrocytes. This indicates that careful selection of potential therapeutic targets is important to minimise adverse effects to the neighbouring uninfected cell populations. Our study serves as a resource to provide more information about the pathways and responses elicited by RRV in cells which are both infected and stimulated because of neighbouring infected cells.
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7
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Deulofeu M, Peña-Méndez EM, Vaňhara P, Havel J, Moráň L, Pečinka L, Bagó-Mas A, Verdú E, Salvadó V, Boadas-Vaello P. Artificial Neural Networks Coupled with MALDI-TOF MS Serum Fingerprinting To Classify and Diagnose Pathological Pain Subtypes in Preclinical Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 14:300-311. [PMID: 36584284 PMCID: PMC9853500 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain subtypes can be classified as either neuropathic pain, caused by a somatosensory nervous system lesion or disease, or nociplastic pain, which develops without evidence of somatosensory system damage. Since there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of pathological pain subtypes, the proper classification of individual patients is currently an unmet challenge for clinicians. While the determination of specific biomarkers for each condition by current biochemical techniques is a complex task, the use of multimolecular techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), combined with artificial intelligence allows specific fingerprints for pathological pain-subtypes to be obtained, which may be useful for diagnosis. We analyzed whether the information provided by the mass spectra of serum samples of four experimental models of neuropathic and nociplastic pain combined with their functional pain outcomes could enable pathological pain subtype classification by artificial neural networks. As a result, a simple and innovative clinical decision support method has been developed that combines MALDI-TOF MS serum spectra and pain evaluation with its subsequent data analysis by artificial neural networks and allows the identification and classification of pathological pain subtypes in experimental models with a high level of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Deulofeu
- Research
Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eladia M. Peña-Méndez
- Department
of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38204 San Cristóbal de
La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, 656
91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, 656
91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Moráň
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic,Research
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pečinka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s
University Hospital, 656
91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bagó-Mas
- Research
Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Research
Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Victoria Salvadó
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain,
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research
Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain,
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8
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Tufvesson H, Hamrefors V, Ohlsson B. Mechanisms behind diffuse idiopathic peripheral neuropathy in humans - a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 58:572-582. [PMID: 36546668 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2160272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Diffuse peripheral neuropathy is a well-known complication of several conditions, whereas many patients have peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology and pathophyisology. Increased knowledge of mechanisms may provide insight into enteric neuropathy with gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify mechanisms behind diffuse idiopathic peripheral neuropathies in humans.Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Human original and review articles, written in English, describing mechanisms behind diffuse peripheral neuropathy verified by objective examinations were intended to be studied. Articles that described animal models, well-described hereditary diseases, drug-induced neuropathy, pain syndromes, malnutrition, and local neuropathy were excluded.Results: In total, 4712 articles were identified. After scrutinizing titles and abstracts, 633 remained and were studied in full text. After the removal of articles not fulfilling inclusion or exclusion criteria, 52 were finally included in this review. The most frequently described neuropathy was diabetic neuropathy, with a wide range of mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Microvascular changes in diabetes and vasculitis lead to ischemia and secondary oxidative stress with inflammation. Structural changes in neurons and glial cells are observed, with abnormalities in different neurotrophic factors. Neuropathy induced by autoantibodies or immunological mechanisms is described in infectious and systemic inflammatory diseases. Several ion channels may be involved in painful neuropathy. No study identified why some patients mainly develop large fiber neuropathy and others small fiber neuropathy.Conclusion: Metabolic and immunological factors and channelopathy may be considered in diffuse idiopathic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Skåne University Hopsital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hopsital, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Ma T, Du J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang T. GPX4-independent ferroptosis—a new strategy in disease’s therapy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:434. [DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFerroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and earlier studies identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as an essential regulator of this process. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumors, degenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, researchers have found that inhibition of GPX4 does not entirely suppress ferroptosis in certain diseases, or cells express resistance to ferroptosis agonists that inhibit GPX4. As research progresses, it has been discovered that there are multiple regulatory pathways for ferroptosis that are independent of GPX4. The study of GPX4-independent ferroptosis pathways can better target ferroptosis to prevent and treat various diseases. Here, the currently inhibited pulmonary GPX4-dependent ferroptosis pathways will be reviewed.
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10
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Cronin SJF, Rao S, Tejada MA, Turnes BL, Licht-Mayer S, Omura T, Brenneis C, Jacobs E, Barrett L, Latremoliere A, Andrews N, Channon KM, Latini A, Arvanites AC, Davidow LS, Costigan M, Rubin LL, Penninger JM, Woolf CJ. Phenotypic drug screen uncovers the metabolic GCH1/BH4 pathway as key regulator of EGFR/KRAS-mediated neuropathic pain and lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj1531. [PMID: 36044597 PMCID: PMC9985140 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) generated in injured sensory neurons contributes to increased pain sensitivity and its persistence. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo BH4 synthetic pathway, and human single-nucleotide polymorphism studies, together with mouse genetic modeling, have demonstrated that decreased GCH1 leads to both reduced BH4 and pain. However, little is known about the regulation of Gch1 expression upon nerve injury and whether this could be modulated as an analgesic therapeutic intervention. We performed a phenotypic screen using about 1000 bioactive compounds, many of which are target-annotated FDA-approved drugs, for their effect on regulating Gch1 expression in rodent injured dorsal root ganglion neurons. From this approach, we uncovered relevant pathways that regulate Gch1 expression in sensory neurons. We report that EGFR/KRAS signaling triggers increased Gch1 expression and contributes to neuropathic pain; conversely, inhibiting EGFR suppressed GCH1 and BH4 and exerted analgesic effects, suggesting a molecular link between EGFR/KRAS and pain perception. We also show that GCH1/BH4 acts downstream of KRAS to drive lung cancer, identifying a potentially druggable pathway. Our screen shows that pharmacologic modulation of GCH1 expression and BH4 could be used to develop pharmacological treatments to alleviate pain and identified a critical role for EGFR-regulated GCH1/BH4 expression in neuropathic pain and cancer in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J. F. Cronin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Shuan Rao
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Miguel A. Tejada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon Licht-Mayer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Takao Omura
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Brenneis
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Jacobs
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nick Andrews
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alexandra Latini
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony C. Arvanites
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lance S. Davidow
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Lin Z, Yang X, Guan L, Qin L, Ding J, Zhou L. The link between ferroptosis and airway inflammatory diseases: A novel target for treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:985571. [PMID: 36060261 PMCID: PMC9428508 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.985571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mode of cell death characterized by intracellular lipid peroxide accumulation and a redox reaction imbalance. Compared with other modes of cell death, ferroptosis has specific biological and morphological features. The iron-dependent lipid peroxidation accumulation is manifested explicitly in the abnormal metabolism of intracellular lipid oxides catalyzed by excessive iron ions with the production of many reactive oxygen species and over-oxidization of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies have shown that various diseases, which include intestinal diseases and cancer, are associated with ferroptosis, but few studies are related to airway inflammatory diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the primary damage mechanisms of ferroptosis and summarizes the relationship between ferroptosis and airway inflammatory diseases. In addition to common acute and chronic airway inflammatory diseases, we also focus on the progress of research on COVID-19 in relation to ferroptosis. New therapeutic approaches and current issues to be addressed in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases using ferroptosis are further proposed.
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12
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From Iron Metabolism to Ferroptosis: Pathologic Changes in Coronary Heart Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6291889. [PMID: 35993022 PMCID: PMC9385341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6291889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response and is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron is an essential mineral that participates in many physiological and biochemical reactions in the human body. Meanwhile, on the negative side, iron has an active redox capacity, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. There is growing evidence that disordered iron metabolism is involved in CHD's pathological progression. And the result of disordered iron metabolism is associated with iron overload-induced programmed cell death, often called ferroptosis. That features iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of CHD, and targeting ferroptosis may be a promising option for treating CHD. Here, we review the mechanisms of iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and explain the correlation between iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Meanwhile, we highlight the specific roles of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the main pathological progression of CHD.
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Mehri M, Gheitasi R, Pourbagher R, Ranaee M, Nayeri K, Rahimi SM, Khorasani HR, Hossein-Nattaj H, Sabour D, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S, Kalali B, Mostafazadeh A. Ninety-six-hour starved peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatant inhibited LA7 breast cancer stem cells induced tumor via reduction in angiogenesis and alternations in Gch1 and Spr expressions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025933. [PMID: 36908807 PMCID: PMC9996193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microenvironment of solid tumors such as breast cancer is heterogeneous and complex, containing different types of cell, namely, cancer stem cells and immune cells. We previously reported the immunoregulatory behavior of the human immune cell in a solid tumor microenvironment-like culture under serum starvation stress for 96 h. Here, we examined the effect of this culture-derived solution on breast cancer development in rats. Method Ninety-six-hour starved PBMCs supernatant (96 h-SPS) was collected after culturing human PBMCs for 96 h under serum starvation condition. Breast cancer stem cells, LA7 cell line, was used for in vitro study by analyzing gene expression status and performing cytotoxicity, proliferation, scratch wound healing assays, followed by in vivo tumor induction in three groups of mature female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 96 h-SPS or RPMI and normal saline as control, n = 6 for each group. After biochemical analysis of iron, lactate, and pH levels in the dissected tumors, Ki67 antigen expression, angiogenesis, and necrosis evaluation were carried out. Metabolic-related gene expression was assessed using RT-qPCR. Moreover, 96 h-SPS composition was discovered by Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Results 96 h-SPS solution reduced the LA7 cell viability, proliferation, and migration and Gch1 and Spr genes expression in vitro (p< 0.05), whereas stemness gene Oct4 was upregulated (p< 0.01). The intracellular lactate was significantly decreased in the 96 h-SPS treated group (p = 0.007). In this group, Gch1 and Spr were significantly downregulated (p< 0.05), whereas the Sox2 and Oct4 expression was not changed significantly. The number of vessels and mitosis (Ki67+ cells) in the 96 h-SPS-treated group was significantly reduced (p = 0.024). The increased rate of necrosis in this group was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Last, proteomics analysis revealed candidate effectors' components of 96 h-SPS solution. Conclusion 96 h-SPS solution may help to prevent cancer stem cell mediated tumor development. This phenomenon could be mediated through direct cytotoxic effects, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in association with reduction in Gch1 and Spr genes expression, angiogenesis and mitosis rate, and necrosis augmentation. The preliminary data obtained from the present study need to be investigated on a larger scale and can be used as a pilot for further studies on the biology of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Gheitasi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nayeri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorasani
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hossein-Nattaj
- Immunology Department, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Jung HH, Koh CS, Park M, Kim JH, Woo HN, Lee H, Chang JW. Microglial deactivation by adeno-associated virus expressing small-hairpin GCH1 has protective effects against neuropathic pain development in a spinothalamic tract-lesion model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34845843 PMCID: PMC8673712 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury is one of the most difficult clinical problems after the loss of mobility, and pharmacological or neuromodulation therapy showed limited efficacy. In this study, we examine the possibility of pain modulation by a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) encoding small-hairpin RNA against GCH1 (rAAV-shGCH1) in a spinal cord injury model in which neuropathic pain was induced by a spinothalamic tract (STT) lesion. METHODS Micro-electric lesioning was used to damage the left STT in rats (n = 32), and either rAAV-shGCH1 (n = 19) or rAAV control (n = 6) was injected into the dorsal horn of the rats at the same time. On postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, we evaluated neuropathic pain using a behavioral test and microglial activation by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS A pain modulation effect of shGCH1 was observed from postoperative days 3 to 14. The mechanical withdrawal threshold was 13.0 ± 0.95 in the shGCH1 group, 4.3 ± 1.37 in the control group, and 3.49 ± 0.85 in sham on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.0001) and continued to postoperative day 14 (shGCH1 vs. control: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.05 ± 0.60, p < 0.001 and shGCH1 vs. sham: 11.4 ± 1.1 vs. 1.43 ± 0.54, p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining of the spinal cord dorsal horn showed deactivation of microglia in the shGCH1 group without any change of delayed pattern of astrocyte activation as in STT model. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury can be modulated bilaterally by deactivating microglial activation after a unilateral injection of rAAV-shGCH1 into the dorsal horn of a STT lesion spinal cord pain model. This new attempt would be another therapeutic approach for NP after SCI, which once happens; there is no clear curative options still now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Su Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Woo
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heuiran Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Islam B, Stephenson J, Young B, Manca M, Buckley DA, Radford H, Zis P, Johnson MI, Finn DP, McHugh PC. The Identification of Blood Biomarkers of Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Comparative Transcriptomics. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:320-338. [PMID: 34741226 PMCID: PMC9402512 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we recruited 50 chronic pain (neuropathic and nociceptive) and 43 pain-free controls to identify specific blood biomarkers of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). Affymetrix microarray was carried out on a subset of samples selected 10 CNP and 10 pain-free control participants. The most significant genes were cross-validated using the entire dataset by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In comparative analysis of controls and CNP patients, WLS (P = 4.80 × 10–7), CHPT1 (P = 7.74 × 10–7) and CASP5 (P = 2.30 × 10–5) were highly significant, whilst FGFBP2 (P = 0.00162), STAT1 (P = 0.00223), FCRL6 (P = 0.00335), MYC (P = 0.00335), XCL2 (P = 0.0144) and GZMA (P = 0.0168) were significant in all CNP patients. A three-arm comparative analysis was also carried out with control as the reference group and CNP samples differentiated into two groups of high and low S-LANSS score using a cut-off of 12. STAT1, XCL2 and GZMA were not significant but KIR3DL2 (P = 0.00838), SH2D1B (P = 0.00295) and CXCR31 (P = 0.0136) were significant in CNP high S-LANSS group (S-LANSS score > 12), along with WLS (P = 8.40 × 10–5), CHPT1 (P = 7.89 × 10–4), CASP5 (P = 0.00393), FGFBP2 (P = 8.70 × 10–4) and FCRL6 (P = 0.00199), suggesting involvement of immune pathways in CNP mechanisms. None of the genes was significant in CNP samples with low (< 12) S-LANSS score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis showed that combination of MYC, STAT1, TLR4, CASP5 and WLS gene expression could be potentially used as a biomarker signature of CNP (AUROC − 0.852, (0.773, 0.931 95% CI)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barira Islam
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - John Stephenson
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Bethan Young
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Maurizio Manca
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - David A Buckley
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | | | | | - Mark I Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway, Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick C McHugh
- Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK. .,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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Khairallah A, Ross CJ, Tastan Bishop Ö. GTP Cyclohydrolase I as a Potential Drug Target: New Insights into Its Allosteric Modulation via Normal Mode Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4701-4719. [PMID: 34450011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyzes the conversion of GTP into dihydroneopterin triphosphate (DHNP). DHNP is the first intermediate of the folate de novo biosynthesis pathway in prokaryotic and lower eukaryotic microorganisms and the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis pathway in higher eukaryotes. The de novo folate biosynthesis provides essential cofactors for DNA replication, cell division, and synthesis of key amino acids in rapidly replicating pathogen cells, such as Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), a causative agent of malaria. In eukaryotes, the product of the BH4 biosynthesis pathway is essential for the production of nitric oxide and several neurotransmitter precursors. An increased copy number of the malaria parasite P. falciparum GCH1 gene has been reported to influence antimalarial antifolate drug resistance evolution, whereas mutations in the human GCH1 are associated with neuropathic and inflammatory pain disorders. Thus, GCH1 stands as an important and attractive drug target for developing therapeutics. The GCH1 intrinsic dynamics that modulate its activity remains unclear, and key sites that exert allosteric effects across the structure are yet to be elucidated. This study employed the anisotropic network model to analyze the intrinsic motions of the GCH1 structure alone and in complex with its regulatory partner protein. We showed that the GCH1 tunnel-gating mechanism is regulated by a global shear motion and an outward expansion of the central five-helix bundle. We further identified hotspot residues within sites of structural significance for the GCH1 intrinsic allosteric modulation. The obtained results can provide a solid starting point to design novel antineuropathic treatments for humans and novel antimalarial drugs against the malaria parasite P. falciparum GCH1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah Khairallah
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Caroline J Ross
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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17
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Neuditschko B, Leibetseder M, Brunmair J, Hagn G, Skos L, Gerner MC, Meier-Menches SM, Yotova I, Gerner C. Epithelial Cell Line Derived from Endometriotic Lesion Mimics Macrophage Nervous Mechanism of Pain Generation on Proteome and Metabolome Levels. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1230. [PMID: 34439896 PMCID: PMC8393596 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign disease affecting one in ten women of reproductive age worldwide. Although the pain level is not correlated to the extent of the disease, it is still one of the cardinal symptoms strongly affecting the patients' quality of life. Yet, a molecular mechanism of this pathology, including the formation of pain, remains to be defined. Recent studies have indicated a close interaction between newly generated nerve cells and macrophages, leading to neurogenic inflammation in the pelvic area. In this context, the responsiveness of an endometriotic cell culture model was characterized upon inflammatory stimulation by employing a multi-omics approach, including proteomics, metabolomics and eicosanoid analysis. Differential proteomic profiling of the 12-Z endometriotic cell line treated with TNFα and IL1β unexpectedly showed that the inflammatory stimulation was able to induce a protein signature associated with neuroangiogenesis, specifically including neuropilins (NRP1/2). Untargeted metabolomic profiling in the same setup further revealed that the endometriotic cells were capable of the autonomous production of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2), 7,8-dihydroneopterin, normetanephrine and epinephrine. These metabolites are related to the development of neuropathic pain and the former three were found up-regulated upon inflammatory stimulation. Additionally, 12-Z cells were found to secrete the mono-oxygenated oxylipin 16-HETE, a known inhibitor of neutrophil aggregation and adhesion. Thus, inflammatory stimulation of endometriotic 12-Z cells led to specific protein and metabolite expression changes suggesting a direct involvement of these epithelial-like cells in endometriosis pain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Leibetseder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
| | - Julia Brunmair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
| | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
| | - Lukas Skos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
| | - Marlene C. Gerner
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.N.); (M.L.); (J.B.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (S.M.M.-M.)
- Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Huang Y, Jiao B, Zhu B, Xiong B, Lu P, Ai L, Yang N, Zhao Y, Xu H. Nitric Oxide in the Spinal Cord Is Involved in the Hyperalgesia Induced by Tetrahydrobiopterin in Chronic Restraint Stress Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:593654. [PMID: 33867911 PMCID: PMC8044835 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.593654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that exposure to chronic stress could increase pain responding and exacerbate pain symptoms, resulting in stress-induced hyperalgesia. However, the mechanisms underlying stress-induced hyperalgesia are not yet fully elucidated. To this end, we observed that restraint as a stressful event exacerbated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, accompanied with up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) (P < 0.001), GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) (GCH1 mRNA: P = 0.001; GCH1 protein: P = 0.001), and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) concentration (plasma BH4: P < 0.001; spinal BH4: P < 0.001) on Day 7 in restraint stress (RS) rats. Intrathecal injection of N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, or N-([3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl) ethanimidamide, a special inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), for seven consecutive days attenuated stress-induced hyperalgesia and decreased the production of NO (P < 0.001). Interestingly, 7-nitro indazole, a special inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase, alleviated stress-induced hyperalgesia but did not affect spinal NO synthesis. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of BH4 not only aggravated stress-induced hyperalgesia but also up-regulated the expression of spinal iNOS (iNOS mRNA: P = 0.015; iNOS protein: P < 0.001) and NO production (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that hyperalgesia induced by RS is associated with the modulation of the GCH1-BH4 system and constitutively expressed spinal iNOS. Thus, the GCH1-BH4-iNOS signaling pathway may be a new novel therapeutic target for pain relief in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kringel D, Malkusch S, Kalso E, Lötsch J. Computational Functional Genomics-Based AmpliSeq™ Panel for Next-Generation Sequencing of Key Genes of Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020878. [PMID: 33467215 PMCID: PMC7830224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of pain is becoming increasingly well understood, which opens up possibilities for predicting the individual risk of persistent pain and the use of tailored therapies adapted to the variant pattern of the patient's pain-relevant genes. The individual variant pattern of pain-relevant genes is accessible via next-generation sequencing, although the analysis of all "pain genes" would be expensive. Here, we report on the development of a cost-effective next generation sequencing-based pain-genotyping assay comprising the development of a customized AmpliSeq™ panel and bioinformatics approaches that condensate the genetic information of pain by identifying the most representative genes. The panel includes 29 key genes that have been shown to cover 70% of the biological functions exerted by a list of 540 so-called "pain genes" derived from transgenic mice experiments. These were supplemented by 43 additional genes that had been independently proposed as relevant for persistent pain. The functional genomics covered by the resulting 72 genes is particularly represented by mitogen-activated protein kinase of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cytokine production and secretion. The present genotyping assay was established in 61 subjects of Caucasian ethnicity and investigates the functional role of the selected genes in the context of the known genetic architecture of pain without seeking functional associations for pain. The assay identified a total of 691 genetic variants, of which many have reports for a clinical relevance for pain or in another context. The assay is applicable for small to large-scale experimental setups at contemporary genotyping costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-4589; Fax: +49-69-6301-4354
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20
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Biophysical and structural investigation of the regulation of human GTP cyclohydrolase I by its regulatory protein GFRP. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107691. [PMID: 33387654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
GTP Cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyses the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP), the initiating step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 functions as co-factor in neurotransmitter biosynthesis. BH4 homeostasis is a promising target to treat pain disorders in patients. The function of mammalian GCH1s is regulated by a metabolic sensing mechanism involving a regulator protein, GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). Dependent on the relative cellular concentrations of effector ligands, BH4 and phenylalanine, GFRP binds GCH1 to form inhibited or activated complexes, respectively. We determined high-resolution structures of the ligand-free and -bound human GFRP and GCH1-GFRP complexes by X-ray crystallography. Highly similar binding modes of the substrate analogue 7-deaza-GTP to active and inhibited GCH1-GFRP complexes confirm a novel, dissociation rate-controlled mechanism of non-competitive inhibition to be at work. Further, analysis of all structures shows that upon binding of the effector molecules, the conformations of GCH1 or GFRP are altered and form highly complementary surfaces triggering a picomolar interaction of GFRP and GCH1 with extremely slow koff values, while GCH1-GFRP complexes rapidly disintegrate in absence of BH4 or phenylalanine. Finally, comparing behavior of full-length and N-terminally truncated GCH1 we conclude that the disordered GCH1 N-terminus does not have impact on complex formation and enzymatic activity. In summary, this comprehensive and methodologically diverse study helps to provide a better understanding of the regulation of GCH1 by GFRP and could thus stimulate research on GCH1 modulating drugs.
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21
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Ebenhoch R, Prinz S, Kaltwasser S, Mills DJ, Meinecke R, Rübbelke M, Reinert D, Bauer M, Weixler L, Zeeb M, Vonck J, Nar H. A hybrid approach reveals the allosteric regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31838-31849. [PMID: 33229582 PMCID: PMC7750480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013473117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) catalyzes the conversion of GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP), the initiating step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Besides other roles, BH4 functions as cofactor in neurotransmitter biosynthesis. The BH4 biosynthetic pathway and GCH1 have been identified as promising targets to treat pain disorders in patients. The function of mammalian GCH1s is regulated by a metabolic sensing mechanism involving a regulator protein, GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). GFRP binds to GCH1 to form inhibited or activated complexes dependent on availability of cofactor ligands, BH4 and phenylalanine, respectively. We determined high-resolution structures of human GCH1-GFRP complexes by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). Cryo-EM revealed structural flexibility of specific and relevant surface lining loops, which previously was not detected by X-ray crystallography due to crystal packing effects. Further, we studied allosteric regulation of isolated GCH1 by X-ray crystallography. Using the combined structural information, we are able to obtain a comprehensive picture of the mechanism of allosteric regulation. Local rearrangements in the allosteric pocket upon BH4 binding result in drastic changes in the quaternary structure of the enzyme, leading to a more compact, tense form of the inhibited protein, and translocate to the active site, leading to an open, more flexible structure of its surroundings. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity is not a result of hindrance of substrate binding, but rather a consequence of accelerated substrate binding kinetics as shown by saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) and site-directed mutagenesis. We propose a dissociation rate controlled mechanism of allosteric, noncompetitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ebenhoch
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simone Prinz
- Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susann Kaltwasser
- Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Deryck J Mills
- Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Meinecke
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Rübbelke
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinert
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Margit Bauer
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Lisa Weixler
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Markus Zeeb
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Herbert Nar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
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22
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Russo MA, Georgius P, Pires AS, Heng B, Allwright M, Guennewig B, Santarelli DM, Bailey D, Fiore NT, Tan VX, Latini A, Guillemin GJ, Austin PJ. Novel immune biomarkers in complex regional pain syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577330. [PMID: 32731051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated serum levels of 29 cytokines and immune-activated kynurenine and tetrahydrobiopterin pathway metabolites in 15 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) subjects and 14 healthy controls. Significant reductions in interleukin-37 and tryptophan were found in CRPS subjects, along with positive correlations between kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and TNF-α levels with kinesiophobia, tetrahydrobiopterin levels with McGill pain score, sRAGE, and xanthurenic acid and neopterin levels with depression, anxiety and stress scores. Using machine learning, we identified a set of binary variables, including IL-37 and GM-CSF, capable of distinguishing controls from established CRPS subjects. These results suggest possible involvement of various inflammatory markers in CRPS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Russo
- Hunter Pain Specialists, 91 Chatham Street, Broadmeadow, NSW, 2292, Australia; Genesis Research Services, 220 Denison St, Broadmeadow, NSW, 2292, Australia
| | - Peter Georgius
- Pain Rehab, Suite 4 Noosa Central, 6 Bottlebrush Avenue, Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4567, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, LABOX; Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis / SC, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Allwright
- ForeFront, Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Boris Guennewig
- ForeFront, Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Dominic Bailey
- Genesis Research Services, 220 Denison St, Broadmeadow, NSW, 2292, Australia
| | - Nathan T Fiore
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa X Tan
- Neuroinflammation Group; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, LABOX; Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis / SC, Brazil
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Paul J Austin
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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23
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Cornett EM, Carroll Turpin MA, Pinner A, Thakur P, Sekaran TSG, Siddaiah H, Rivas J, Yates A, Huang GJ, Senthil A, Khurmi N, Miller JL, Stark CW, Urman RD, Kaye AD. Pharmacogenomics of Pain Management: The Impact of Specific Biological Polymorphisms on Drugs and Metabolism. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:18. [PMID: 32030524 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-0865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pain is multifactorial and complex, often with a genetic component. Pharmacogenomics is a relative new field, which allows for the development of a truly unique and personalized therapeutic approach in the treatment of pain. RECENT FINDINGS Until recently, drug mechanisms in humans were determined by testing that drug in a population and calculating response averages. However, some patients will inevitably fall outside of those averages, and it is nearly impossible to predict who those outliers might be. Pharmacogenetics considers a patient's unique genetic information and allows for anticipation of that individual's response to medication. Pharmacogenomic testing is steadily making progress in the management of pain by being able to identify individual differences in the perception of pain and susceptibility and sensitivity to drugs based on genetic markers. This has a huge potential to increase efficacy and reduce the incidence of iatrogenic drug dependence and addiction. The streamlining of relevant polymorphisms of genes encoding receptors, transporters, and drug-metabolizing enzymes influencing the pain phenotype can be an important guide to develop safe new strategies and approaches to personalized pain management. Additionally, some challenges still prevail and preclude adoption of pharmacogenomic testing universally. These include lack of knowledge about pharmacogenomic testing, inadequate standardization of the process of data handling, questionable benefits about the clinical and financial aspects of pharmacogenomic testing-guided therapy, discrepancies in clinical evidence supporting these tests, and doubtful reimbursement of the tests by health insurance agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Michelle A Carroll Turpin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Health 2 Building, Room 8037, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allison Pinner
- Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Pankaj Thakur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | | | - Harish Siddaiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jasmine Rivas
- Department of Family Medicine, ECU Vidant Medical Center, 101 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Anna Yates
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - G Jason Huang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Anitha Senthil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, 41Mall Road, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | - Narjeet Khurmi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Jenna L Miller
- LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Cain W Stark
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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24
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Kraft VN, Bezjian CT, Pfeiffer S, Ringelstetter L, Müller C, Zandkarimi F, Merl-Pham J, Bao X, Anastasov N, Kössl J, Brandner S, Daniels JD, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hauck SM, Stockwell BR, Hadian K, Schick JA. GTP Cyclohydrolase 1/Tetrahydrobiopterin Counteract Ferroptosis through Lipid Remodeling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:41-53. [PMID: 31989025 PMCID: PMC6978838 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death linking iron, lipid, and glutathione levels to degenerative processes and tumor suppression. By performing a genome-wide activation screen, we identified a cohort of genes antagonizing ferroptotic cell death, including GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1) and its metabolic derivatives tetrahydrobiopterin/dihydrobiopterin (BH4/BH2). Synthesis of BH4/BH2 by GCH1-expressing cells caused lipid remodeling, suppressing ferroptosis by selectively preventing depletion of phospholipids with two polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails. GCH1 expression level in cancer cell lines stratified susceptibility to ferroptosis, in accordance with its expression in human tumor samples. The GCH1-BH4-phospholipid axis acts as a master regulator of ferroptosis resistance, controlling endogenous production of the antioxidant BH4, abundance of CoQ10, and peroxidation of unusual phospholipids with two polyunsaturated fatty acyl tails. This demonstrates a unique mechanism of ferroptosis protection that is independent of the GPX4/glutathione system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa
A. N. Kraft
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Genetics and Cellular Engineering
Group, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carla T. Bezjian
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, MC4846, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Susanne Pfeiffer
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Genetics and Cellular Engineering
Group, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Ringelstetter
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Assay Development and Screening
Platform, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Müller
- Research
Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, HelmholtzZentrum
Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research
Unit Protein Science, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Institute
of Radiation Biology, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natasa Anastasov
- Institute
of Radiation Biology, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kössl
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Genetics and Cellular Engineering
Group, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brandner
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Assay Development and Screening
Platform, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jacob D. Daniels
- Department
of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research
Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, HelmholtzZentrum
Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research
Unit Protein Science, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, MC4846, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Assay Development and Screening
Platform, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Joel A. Schick
- Institute
of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Genetics and Cellular Engineering
Group, HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- E-mail:
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25
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Gao H, Schneider S, Andrews P, Wang K, Huang X, Sparling BA. Virtual screening to identify potent sepiapterin reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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GCH1 (rs841) polymorphism in the nitric oxide-forming pathway has protective effects on obstructive sleep apnea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18664. [PMID: 31819149 PMCID: PMC6901474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently investigated the contribution of genetic factors in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with OSA suffer from a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) serum level. This study investigated rs841, A930G p22phox, and rs1799983 polymorphisms in three critical genes involved in NO formation. A total of 94 patients with OSA and 100 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Results showed there was no association between rs841, A930G p22phox and rs1799983 polymorphism and the risk of OSA (P = 0.51, P = 0.4 and P = 0.33, respectively). Moreover, rs841 GA genotype had a reverse relationship with the severity of OSA (P = 0.005). On the other hand, rs841 GA and A930G p22phox AA genotypes had a protective effect on daytime sleepiness in OSA patients (P = 0.01and P = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, the combination of rs841 and A930G p22phox (AG/AG and AG/AA) genotypes was significantly associated with a reduction in daytime sleepiness in OSA patients (P = 0.03 and P = 0.03, respectively). According to the results of our study, GA genotype of rs841 and GA/AA genotypes of A930G p22phox polymorphisms significantly reduced the severity of the problem and daytime sleepiness in OSA patients.
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van Reij RR, Joosten EA, van den Hoogen NJ. Dopaminergic neurotransmission and genetic variation in chronification of post-surgical pain. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:853-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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28
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Meyer JT, Sparling BA, McCarty WJ, Zhang M, Soto M, Schneider S, Chen H, Roberts J, Tan H, Kornecook T, Andrews PS, Knutson CG. Pharmacological Assessment of Sepiapterin Reductase Inhibition on Tactile Response in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:476-486. [PMID: 31110114 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for nonopioid pain therapies in human populations; several pathways are under investigation for possible therapeutic intervention. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has received attention recently as a mediator of neuropathic pain. Recent reports have implicated sepiapterin reductase (SPR) in this pain pathway as a regulator of BH4 production. To evaluate the role of SPR inhibition on BH4 reduction, we developed analytical methods to monitor the relationship between the plasma concentration of test article and endogenous pterins and applied these in the rat spinal nerve ligation pain model. Sepiapterin is an endogenous substrate, which accumulates upon inhibition of SPR. In response to a potent inhibitor of SPR, plasma concentrations of sepiapterin increased proportionally with exposure. An indirect-effect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the relationship between the plasma pharmacokinetics of test article and plasma sepiapterin levels in the rat, which was used to determine an in vivo SPR IC50 value. SPR inhibition and mechanical allodynia were assessed coordinately with pterin biomarkers in plasma and at the site of neuronal injury (i.e., dorsal root ganglion). Upon daily oral administration for 3 consecutive days, unbound plasma concentrations of test article exceeded the unbound in vivo rat SPR IC90 throughout the dose intervals, leading to a 60% reduction in BH4 in the dorsal root ganglion. Despite evidence for pharmacological modulation of the BH4 pathway, there was no significant effect on the tactile paw withdrawal threshold relative to vehicle-treated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Meyer
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Brian A Sparling
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - William J McCarty
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Maosheng Zhang
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Marcus Soto
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Stephen Schneider
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Jonathan Roberts
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Helming Tan
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Thomas Kornecook
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Paul S Andrews
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
| | - Charles G Knutson
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California (J.T.M., M.Z., M.S., H.T., T.K.) and Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.A.S., W.J.M., S.S., H.C., J.R., P.A., C.G.K.)
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S-Nitrosylation: An Emerging Paradigm of Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090404. [PMID: 31533268 PMCID: PMC6769533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that the NO signaling is compartmentalized, owing to the localization of NOS and the nature of biochemical reactions of NO, including S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a selective covalent post-translational modification adding a nitrosyl group to the reactive thiol group of a cysteine to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), which is a key mechanism in transferring NO-mediated signals. While S-nitrosylation occurs only at select cysteine thiols, such a spatial constraint is partially resolved by transnitrosylation, where the nitrosyl moiety is transferred between two interacting proteins to successively transfer the NO signal to a distant location. As NOS is present in various subcellular locales, a stress could trigger concerted S-nitrosylation and transnitrosylation of a large number of proteins involved in divergent signaling cascades. S-nitrosylation is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling by which cells confer protection against oxidative stress.
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30
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Alen J, Schade M, Wagener M, Christian F, Nordhoff S, Merla B, Dunkern TR, Bahrenberg G, Ratcliffe P. Fragment-Based Discovery of Novel Potent Sepiapterin Reductase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6391-6397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Alen
- Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Schade
- Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Beatrix Merla
- Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review will discuss the current literature on genetics of pain and analgesia, with special emphasis on perioperative setting. We will also discuss pharmacogenetics-based management guidelines, current clinical status and future perspectives. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests that the interindividual variability in pain and postoperative analgesic response is at least in part because of one's genetic make-up. Some of the well characterized polymorphisms that are associated with surgical pain and opioid-related postoperative adverse outcomes are described in catechol-O-methyl transferase, CYP2D6 and μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1, ABCC3, organic cation transporter 1 genes. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium has put forth recommendations on CYP2D6 genotype-based opioid selection and dosing. The list of drug-gene pairs studied continue to expand. SUMMARY Pharmacogenetic approach marks the dawn of personalized pain medicine both in perioperative and chronic pain settings.
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Lakkakula BV, Sahoo R, Verma H, Lakkakula S. Pain Management Issues as Part of the Comprehensive Care of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. Pain Manag Nurs 2018; 19:558-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kaur A, Guan Y. Phantom limb pain: A literature review. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:366-368. [PMID: 30583983 PMCID: PMC6354174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the phantom limb sensation was first described by the French military surgeon Ambroise Pare in the 16th century, the number of studies surrounding phantom limb pain has increased every year. Especially in recent decades, scientists have achieved a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of phantom limb pain. Although many hypotheses have been agreed and many treatments have been proven effective, scientists still do not have a very systematic understanding of the phantom limbs. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent researches focusing on phantom limb in order to discuss its definition, mechanisms, and treatments.
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Packiasabapathy S, Sadhasivam S. Gender, genetics, and analgesia: understanding the differences in response to pain relief. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2729-2739. [PMID: 30519077 PMCID: PMC6235329 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s94650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations and gender contribute significantly to the large interpatient variations in opioid-related serious adverse effects and differences in pain relief with other analgesics. Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics to relieve moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Narrow therapeutic index and unexplained large interpatient variations in opioid-related serious adverse effects and analgesia negatively affect optimal perioperative outcomes. In surgical, experimental, chronic, and neuropathic pain models, females have been reported to have more pain than males. This review focuses on literature evidence of differences in pain relief due to multiple genetic variations and gender of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Packiasabapathy
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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Sadhu N, Jhun EH, Yao Y, He Y, Molokie RE, Wilkie DJ, Wang ZJ. Genetic variants of GCH1 associate with chronic and acute crisis pain in African Americans with sickle cell disease. Exp Hematol 2018; 66:42-49. [PMID: 30031848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The multidimensional nature of pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) has rendered its therapeutic management extremely challenging. In this study, we explored the role of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate gene GCH1 in SCD pain. Composite pain index (CPI) scores and acute care utilization rates were used as phenotype markers. Rs8007267 was associated with chronic pain (additive model: B = -3.76, p = 0.037; dominant model: B = -5.61, p = 0.021) and rs3783641 (additive model: incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.37, p = 0.024; recessive model: IRR = 1.81, p = 0.018) with utilization rate. These associations persisted when subjects with HbSS and HbSβ° genotype only were analyzed. We also identified two haploblocks (rs10483639[G>C]-rs752688[C>T]-rs4411417[T>C] and rs3783641[T>A]-rs8007267[T>C]) with SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium. Of these, haplotype T-C of haploblock rs3783641-rs8007267 showed significant association with rate of utilization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, p = 0.001). Our study indicates potential contribution of GCH1 polymorphisms to the variability of pain in African Americans with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sadhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellie H Jhun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yingwei Yao
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Molokie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana J Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Chen L, Du J, Liu J, Liu J, Hou Y. GCH1 attenuates cardiac autonomic nervous remodeling in canines with atrial-tachypacing via tetrahydrobiopterin pathway regulated by microRNA-206. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:459-471. [PMID: 29436714 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cardiac autonomic nerve remodeling (ANR) is an important mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). GTP cyclohydrolase I, encoded by GCH1, is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Previous studies reported that increased BH4 and NO content negatively regulated nerve regeneration. This study investigated the effects of GCH1 on ANR via BH4 pathway, regulated by microRNA-206 (miR-206). METHODS AND RESULTS In canines, atrial tachypacing (A-TP), together with miR-206 overexpression, increased PGP9.5 level and inhibited GCH1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. GCH1 was validated to be a direct target of miR-206 by luciferase assays. Meanwhile, miR-206 overexpression by lentiviruses infection into right superior pulmonary vein fat pad decreased GCH1 expression to ∼40% and further reduced BH4 and NO content compared with the control canines. After infection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses for two weeks, atrial effective refractory period was increased compared with the control group (105.8 ± 1.537 ms vs 99.17 ± 2.007 ms, P < 0.05). Moreover, GCH1 overexpression attenuated canines' atrial PGP9.5 level to ∼56% of the controls. In myocardial cells, transfection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses also decreased PGP9.5 expression to 26% of the control group. In patients, plasma was collected and miR-206 expression was upregulated in AF patients (n = 18) than the controls (n = 12). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that GCH1 downregulation exacerbated ANR by decreasing atrial BH4 and NO content modulated by miR-206 in A-TP canines. This indicates that GCH1 may prevent the initiation of AF through inhibiting ANR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Wei
- Department of Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Special Examination, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Latremoliere A, Costigan M. Combining Human and Rodent Genetics to Identify New Analgesics. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:143-155. [PMID: 28667479 PMCID: PMC5799129 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most attempts at rational development of new analgesics have failed, in part because chronic pain involves multiple processes that remain poorly understood. To improve translational success, one strategy is to select novel targets for which there is proof of clinical relevance, either genetically through heritable traits, or pharmacologically. Such an approach by definition yields targets with high clinical validity. The biology of these targets can be elucidated in animal models before returning to the patients with a refined therapeutic. For optimal treatment, having biomarkers of drug action available is also a plus. Here we describe a case study in rational drug design: the use of controlled inhibition of peripheral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis to reduce abnormal chronic pain states without altering nociceptive-protective pain. Initially identified in a population of patients with low back pain, the association between BH4 production and chronic pain has been confirmed in more than 12 independent cohorts, through a common haplotype (present in 25% of Caucasians) of the rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 synthesis, GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). Genetic tools in mice have demonstrated that both injured sensory neurons and activated macrophages engage increased BH4 synthesis to cause chronic pain. GCH1 is an obligate enzyme for de novo BH4 production. Therefore, inhibiting GCH1 activity eliminates all BH4 production, affecting the synthesis of multiple neurotransmitters and signaling molecules and interfering with physiological function. In contrast, targeting the last enzyme of the BH4 synthesis pathway, sepiapterin reductase (SPR), allows reduction of pathological BH4 production without completely blocking physiological BH4 synthesis. Systemic SPR inhibition in mice has not revealed any safety concerns to date, and available genetic and pharmacologic data suggest similar responses in humans. Finally, because it is present in vivo only when SPR is inhibited, sepiapterin serves as a reliable biomarker of target engagement, allowing potential quantification of drug efficacy. The emerging development of therapeutics that target BH4 synthesis to treat chronic pain illustrates the power of combining human and mouse genetics: human genetic studies for clinical selection of relevant targets, coupled with causality studies in mice, allowing the rational engineering of new analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Latremoliere
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael Costigan
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Study design Narrative review. Method Eight bibliographic databases were searched for studies published in the (last five years up until Feb 2017). For the two database searches (Cochrane and DARE), the time frame was unlimited. The review involved keyword searches of the term 'Amputation' AND 'chronic pain'. Studies selected were interrogated for any association between peri-operative factors and the occurrence of chronic post amputation pain (CPAP). Results Heterogeneity of study populations and outcome measures prevented a systematic review and hence a narrative synthesis of results was undertaken. The presence of variation in two gene alleles (GCH1 and KCNS1) may be relevant for development of CPAP. There was little evidence to draw conclusions on the association between age, gender and CPAP. Pre-operative anxiety and depression influenced pain intensity post operatively and long-term post amputation pain (CPAP). The presence of pre-amputation pain is correlated to the development of acute and chronic post amputation pain while evidence for the association of post-operative pain with CPAP is modest. Regional anaesthesia and peri-neural catheters improve acute postoperative pain relief but evidence on their efficacy to prevent CPAP is limited. A suggested whole system pathway based on current evidence to optimize peri-operative amputation pain is described. Conclusion The current evidence suggests that optimized peri-operative analgesia reduces the incidence of acute peri-operative pain but no firm conclusion can be drawn on reducing risk for CPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjit Srivastava
- Department of Anaesthesia, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom, IV2 3UJ
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Möller M, Malan L, Magnusson M, Mels CMC, Malan NT. Defensive coping and essential amino acid markers as possible predictors for structural vascular disease in an African and Caucasian male cohort: The SABPA study. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:696-705. [PMID: 28218795 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Defensive coping (DefS), oxidative stress, inflammation, and related amino acids (phenylalanine [Phe] and tyrosine [Tyr]) have been implicated in cardiovascular disease. This study assessed whether inflammation, oxidative stress, changes in essential amino acids, and altered coping strategies are correlated with subclinical vascular changes in African (n = 82) and Caucasian (n = 100) men from the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) study. The Coping Strategy Indicator questionnaire identified DefS participants. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was monitored for 24 h, whereas carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) were determined ultrasonically. Essential amino acids were analyzed with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Oxidative-inflammatory markers were measured by spectrophotometry. African men had poorer health than Caucasian men, including higher alcohol abuse, elevated BP, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, and elevated inflammation. Phe (p < .001) and Phe/Tyr ratio (p = .006) as well as CIMT (p = .032) were higher in African men. DefS African men had higher levels of Phe (p = .002) and Phe/Tyr (p = .009) compared to DefS Caucasian men; these differences were not observed in non-DefS men. Systolic BP and inflammation (C-reactive protein) were positively associated with left (L-) CSWA, while Phe/Tyr was negatively associated with L-CSWA in DefS African men. African males presented with elevated Phe and Phe/Tyr ratio, catecholamine precursors, worsening during DefS-possibly driven by inflammation and BP contributing to structural vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leoné Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico T Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Nicol AL, Sieberg CB, Clauw DJ, Hassett AL, Moser SE, Brummett CM. The Association Between a History of Lifetime Traumatic Events and Pain Severity, Physical Function, and Affective Distress in Patients With Chronic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:1334-1348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Latrémolière A. [Sepiapterin reductase as a novel target to treat neuropathic pain]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:152-5. [PMID: 26936170 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163202006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Latrémolière
- Kirby neurobiology center, Boston children's hospital and department of neurobiology, Harvard medical school, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, États-Unis
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Rahman W, Dickenson AH. Recent Developments in Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms: Implications for Treatment. Rev Pain 2015; 5:21-5. [PMID: 26525489 DOI: 10.1177/204946371100500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is defined as "pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system".Characteristic symptoms include an increased evoked pain response to noxious (hyperalgesia) and innocuous (allodynia) stimuli, spontaneous pain, shooting electric shock like pain. Sensory deficits can also exist.Available treatments are not adequate in many patients due to many factors including the complexity of the pain state, disease progression, intolerable side effects and low analgesic efficacy.A number of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal mechanisms of hyperexcitability underlie neuropathic pain, these include changes in the activity and expression of voltage gated sodium, calcium and potassium channels, as well as TRPV1 channels and alterations in the activity of neuroimmue pathways.NeP patients often experience depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances etc. alongside their pain. These co-morbidites significantly reduce quality of life and as such are key treatment considerations..Improved understanding of NeP mechanisms is encouraging targeting of treatment to the mechanisms that produce painful symptoms as opposed to the etiology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahida Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London UK. WC1E 6BT. Tel: 0207-679-3737
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London UK. WC1E 6BT. Tel: 0207-679-3737
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Peall KJ, Kuiper A, de Koning TJ, Tijssen MAJ. Non-motor symptoms in genetically defined dystonia: Homogenous groups require systematic assessment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015. [PMID: 26210889 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a movement disorder involving sustained or intermittent muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movements and postures. Identification of disease causing genes has allowed examination of genetically homogenous groups. Unlike the motor symptoms, non-motor characteristics are less clearly defined, despite their impact on a patient's quality of life. This review aims to examine the evidence for non-motor symptoms, addressing cohort size and methods of assessment in each study. METHODS A systematic and standardised search strategy was used to identify the published literature relating to psychiatric symptoms, cognition, sleep disorders, sensory abnormalities and pain in each of the genetically determined dystonias. Studies were divided according to cohort size, method of assessment and whether comparison was made to an appropriate control group. RESULTS Ninety-five articles were identified including reported clinical histories (n = 42), case reports and smaller case series (n = 12), larger case series (n = 23) and case-control cohorts (n = 18). Psychiatric symptoms were the most frequently investigated with anxiety, depression and Obsessive-Compulsive disorder being most common. Cognitive impairment involved either global deficits or isolated difficulties in specific domains. Disturbances to sleep were most common in the dopa-responsive dystonias. Sensory testing in DYT1 cases identified an intermediate subclinical phenotype. CONCLUSION Non-motor symptoms form an integral component of the dystonia phenotype. However, future studies should involve a complete assessment of all symptom subtypes in order to understand the frequency and gene-specificity of these symptoms. This will enable early symptom identification, appropriate clinical management, and provide additional outcome measures in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Peall
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK.
| | - A Kuiper
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - T J de Koning
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Latremoliere A, Latini A, Andrews N, Cronin SJ, Fujita M, Gorska K, Hovius R, Romero C, Chuaiphichai S, Painter M, Miracca G, Babaniyi O, Remor AP, Duong K, Riva P, Barrett LB, Ferreirós N, Naylor A, Penninger JM, Tegeder I, Zhong J, Blagg J, Channon KM, Johnsson K, Costigan M, Woolf CJ. Reduction of Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain through Inhibition of the Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway. Neuron 2015; 86:1393-406. [PMID: 26087165 PMCID: PMC4485422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic studies have revealed an association between GTP cyclohydrolase 1 polymorphisms, which decrease tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels, and reduced pain in patients. We now show that excessive BH4 is produced in mice by both axotomized sensory neurons and macrophages infiltrating damaged nerves and inflamed tissue. Constitutive BH4 overproduction in sensory neurons increases pain sensitivity, whereas blocking BH4 production only in these cells reduces nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity without affecting nociceptive pain. To minimize risk of side effects, we targeted sepiapterin reductase (SPR), whose blockade allows minimal BH4 production through the BH4 salvage pathways. Using a structure-based design, we developed a potent SPR inhibitor and show that it reduces pain hypersensitivity effectively with a concomitant decrease in BH4 levels in target tissues, acting both on sensory neurons and macrophages, with no development of tolerance or adverse effects. Finally, we demonstrate that sepiapterin accumulation is a sensitive biomarker for SPR inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Latremoliere
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; LABOX, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nick Andrews
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shane J Cronin
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahide Fujita
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katarzyna Gorska
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruud Hovius
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carla Romero
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michio Painter
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulia Miracca
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olusegun Babaniyi
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; LABOX, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Kelly Duong
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla Riva
- Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee B Barrett
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alasdair Naylor
- The Canterbury Consulting Group, Unit 43 Canterbury Innovation Centre, University Road, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7FG, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jian Zhong
- Burke Medical Research Institute and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Julian Blagg
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Costigan
- Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yaksh TL, Woller SA, Ramachandran R, Sorkin LS. The search for novel analgesics: targets and mechanisms. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2015; 7:56. [PMID: 26097729 PMCID: PMC4447049 DOI: 10.12703/p7-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The management of the pain state is of great therapeutic relevance to virtually every medical specialty. Failure to manage its expression has deleterious consequence to the well-being of the organism. An understanding of the complex biology of the mechanisms underlying the processing of nociceptive information provides an important pathway towards development of novel and robust therapeutics. Importantly, preclinical models have been of considerable use in determining the linkage between mechanism and the associated behaviorally defined pain state. This review seeks to provide an overview of current thinking targeting pain biology, the use of preclinical models and the development of novel pain therapeutics. Issues pertinent to the strengths and weaknesses of current development strategies for analgesics are considered.
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Belfer I, Youngblood V, Darbari DS, Wang Z, Diaw L, Freeman L, Desai K, Dizon M, Allen D, Cunnington C, Channon KM, Milton J, Hartley SW, Nolan V, Kato GJ, Steinberg MH, Goldman D, Taylor JG. A GCH1 haplotype confers sex-specific susceptibility to pain crises and altered endothelial function in adults with sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:187-93. [PMID: 24136375 PMCID: PMC4281092 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1) is rate limiting for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, where BH4 is a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases and aromatic hydroxylases. GCH1 polymorphisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of pain, but have not been investigated in African populations. We examined GCH1 and pain in sickle cell anemia where GCH1 rs8007267 was a risk factor for pain crises in discovery (n = 228; odds ratio [OR] 2.26; P = 0.009) and replication (n = 513; OR 2.23; P = 0.004) cohorts. In vitro, cells from sickle cell anemia subjects homozygous for the risk allele produced higher BH4. In vivo physiological studies of traits likely to be modulated by GCH1 showed rs8007267 is associated with altered endothelial dependent blood flow in females with SCA (8.42% of variation; P = 0.002). The GCH1 pain association is attributable to an African haplotype with where its sickle cell anemia pain association is limited to females (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.21-5.94; P = 0.01) and has the opposite directional association described in Europeans independent of global admixture. The presence of a GCH1 haplotype with high BH4 in populations of African ancestry could explain the association of rs8007267 with sickle cell anemia pain crises. The vascular effects of GCH1 and BH4 may also have broader implications for cardiovascular disease in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Belfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deepika S. Darbari
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Diaw
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lita Freeman
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Krupa Desai
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Dizon
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Darlene Allen
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Milton
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen W. Hartley
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikki Nolan
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Sickle Cell Vascular Disease Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin H. Steinberg
- Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James G. Taylor
- Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Sadhasivam S, Chidambaran V. Pharmacogenomics of opioids and perioperative pain management. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1719-40. [PMID: 23171337 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate pain relief and adverse effects from analgesics remain common in children and adults during the perioperative period. Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics in children and adults to treat perioperative pain. Narrow therapeutic index and a large interpatient variability in response to opioids are clinically significant, with inadequate pain relief at one end of the spectrum and serious side effects, such as respiratory depression and excessive sedation due to relative overdosing, at the other end. Personalizing analgesia during the perioperative period attempts to maximize pain relief while minimizing adverse events from therapy. While various factors influence response to treatment among surgical patients, age, sex, race and pharmacogenetic differences appear to play major roles in predicting outcome. Genetic factors include a subset of genes that modulate the proteins involved in pain perception, pain pathway, analgesic metabolism (pharmacokinetics), transport and receptor signaling (pharmacodynamics). While results from adult genetic studies can provide direction for pediatric studies, they have limited direct applicability, as children's genetic predispositions to analgesic response may be influenced by developmental and behavioral components, altered sensitivity to analgesics and variation in gene-expression patterns. We have reviewed the available evidence on improving and personalizing pain management with opioids and the significance of individualizing analgesia, in order to maximize analgesic effect with minimal adverse effects with opioids. While the early evidence on individual genotype associations with pain, analgesia and opioid adverse outcome are promising, the large amount of conflicting data in the literature suggests that there is a need for larger and more robust studies with appropriate population stratification and consideration of nongenetic and other genetic risk factors. Although the clinical evidence and the prospect of being able to provide point-of-care genotyping to enable clinicians to deliver personalized analgesia for individual patients is still not available, positioning our research to identify all possible major genetic and nongenetic risk factors of an individual patient, advancing less expensive point-of-care genotyping technology and developing easy-to-use personalized clinical decision algorithms will help us to improve current clinical and economic outcomes associated with pain and opioid pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Milinkeviciute G, Gentile C, Neely GG. Drosophila as a tool for studying the conserved genetics of pain. Clin Genet 2012; 82:359-66. [PMID: 22880632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Survival of all animals depends on an accurate representation of the world, and an organism must be capable of prioritizing and responding to potentially hazardous conditions. This ability is dependent on nociception, the sensory process allowing animals to detect and avoid potentially harmful stimuli. Nociception is the sensory process that results in the subjective experience of 'pain' in humans. Because of its vital and broad role in animal biology, pain/nociception is a complex, whole-body physiological process that is under stringent evolutionary pressure. Here, we discuss the utility of Drosophila melanogaster as an emerging model organism for studying the conserved genetics of nociception, particularly with respect to recently developed high-throughput Drosophila 'pain' paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milinkeviciute
- Neuroscience Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Costigan M, Latremoliere A, Woolf CJ. Analgesia by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:92-9. [PMID: 22178186 PMCID: PMC3288148 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiological control of the co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is tight in normal circumstances but levels increase pathologically in the injured somatosensory system. BH4 is an essential co-factor in the production of serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and nitric oxide. Excess BH4 levels cause pain, likely through excess production of one or more of these neurotransmitters or signaling molecules. The rate limiting step for BH4 production is GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). A human GCH1 gene haplotype exists that leads to less GCH1 transcription, translation, and therefore enzyme activity, following cellular stress. Carriers of this haplotype produce less BH4 and therefore feel less pain, especially following nerve injury where BH4 production is pathologically augmented. Sulfasalazine (SSZ) an FDA approved anti-inflammatory agent of unknown mechanism of action, has recently been shown to be a sepiapterin reductase (SPR) inhibitor. SPR is part of the BH4 synthesis cascade and is also upregulated by nerve injury. Inhibiting SPR will reduce BH4 levels and therefore should act as an analgesic. We propose SSZ as a novel anti-neuropathic pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Costigan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 12260, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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McHugh PC. The tetrahydrobiopterin pathway: a novel target for the treatment of depression. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:1625-7. [PMID: 22118047 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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