1
|
Sommerfeld LC, Holmes AP, Yu TY, O'Shea C, Kavanagh DM, Pike JM, Wright T, Syeda F, Aljehani A, Kew T, Cardoso VR, Kabir SN, Hepburn C, Menon PR, Broadway-Stringer S, O'Reilly M, Witten A, Fortmueller L, Lutz S, Kulle A, Gkoutos GV, Pavlovic D, Arlt W, Lavery GG, Steeds R, Gehmlich K, Stoll M, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Reduced plakoglobin increases the risk of sodium current defects and atrial conduction abnormalities in response to androgenic anabolic steroid abuse. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38345865 DOI: 10.1113/jp284597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are commonly abused by young men. Male sex and increased AAS levels are associated with earlier and more severe manifestation of common cardiac conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, and rare ones, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Clinical observations suggest a potential atrial involvement in ARVC. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is caused by desmosomal gene defects, including reduced plakoglobin expression. Here, we analysed clinical records from 146 ARVC patients to identify that ARVC is more common in males than females. Patients with ARVC also had an increased incidence of atrial arrhythmias and P wave changes. To study desmosomal vulnerability and the effects of AAS on the atria, young adult male mice, heterozygously deficient for plakoglobin (Plako+/- ), and wild type (WT) littermates were chronically exposed to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo. The DHT increased atrial expression of pro-hypertrophic, fibrotic and inflammatory transcripts. In mice with reduced plakoglobin, DHT exaggerated P wave abnormalities, atrial conduction slowing, sodium current depletion, action potential amplitude reduction and the fall in action potential depolarization rate. Super-resolution microscopy revealed a decrease in NaV 1.5 membrane clustering in Plako+/- atrial cardiomyocytes after DHT exposure. In summary, AAS combined with plakoglobin deficiency cause pathological atrial electrical remodelling in young male hearts. Male sex is likely to increase the risk of atrial arrhythmia, particularly in those with desmosomal gene variants. This risk is likely to be exaggerated further by AAS use. KEY POINTS: Androgenic male sex hormones, such as testosterone, might increase the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), which is often caused by desmosomal gene defects (e.g. reduced plakoglobin expression). In this study, we observed a significantly higher proportion of males who had ARVC compared with females, and atrial arrhythmias and P wave changes represented a common observation in advanced ARVC stages. In mice with reduced plakoglobin expression, chronic administration of 5α-dihydrotestosterone led to P wave abnormalities, atrial conduction slowing, sodium current depletion and a decrease in membrane-localized NaV 1.5 clusters. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, therefore, represents a stimulus aggravating the pro-arrhythmic phenotype in carriers of desmosomal mutations and can affect atrial electrical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research and Training Centre in Physical Sciences for Health, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research and Training Centre in Physical Sciences for Health, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deirdre M Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeremy M Pike
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Wright
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fahima Syeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Areej Aljehani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tania Kew
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victor R Cardoso
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Hepburn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Priyanka R Menon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Molly O'Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anika Witten
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Fortmueller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR), Midlands Site, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London UK & Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Steeds
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monika Stoll
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zarei F, Moazedi AA, Salimi Z, Pourmotabbed A, Yousofvand N, Farshad M, Akrami MR. Activation of androgen receptors alters hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory retention through modulation of L-type calcium channels. Life Sci 2023; 314:121155. [PMID: 36379312 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It has been revealed that membrane androgen receptor activation modulates avoidance memory and synaptic plasticity. In a previous study, we showed that Calcineurin, a calcium dependent phosphatase, could be a potential mediator of these AR effects. Also, it is reported that AR activation leads to L-type calcium channel activation. The aim of the current study is to test whether L-type calcium channels are downstream of AR and whether this signal pathway mediates the impairment effect of androgenic steroids on passive avoidance memory and synaptic plasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the effect of Nandrolone Decanoate (AR agonist), AR antagonist (Nilutamide) plus ND or L-type calcium channel inhibitor (Nifedipine) plus ND on passive avoidance performance of adolescent male rats. For extracellular field potential recordings hippocampal slices were perfused with ND, Nilutamide-ND or Nifedipine-ND. KEY FINDINGS Our results clarified that AR activation by ND could impair avoidance behavior as step through latency decreased in ND-treated group while application of both Nilutamide and Nifedipine reestablished normal avoidance behavior. Also, LTP induction in the CA1 area of hippocampus was diminished by ND perfusion and both AR antagonist and L-type calcium channel inhibitor application lead to normal LTP. These findings support our hypothesis that activation of L-type calcium channels are involved in ARs mechanism effects on both avoidance behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the biological effects of AR agonists on cognitive processes and its cellular mechanism may be a new/supplementary way to treating fear-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Namdar Yousofvand
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Moradpour Farshad
- Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Akrami
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dias-Rocha CP, Almeida MM, Woyames J, Mendonça R, Andrade CBV, Pazos-Moura CC, Trevenzoli IH. Maternal high-fat diet alters thermogenic markers but not muscle or brown adipose cannabinoid receptors in adult rats. Life Sci 2022; 306:120831. [PMID: 35882274 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endocannabinoid system (ECS) increases food intake, appetite for fat and lipogenesis, while decreases energy expenditure (thermogenesis), contributing to metabolic dysfunctions. We demonstrated that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters cannabinoid signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of neonate and weanling male rat offspring, which have increased adiposity but also higher energy expenditure in adulthood. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the ECS expression in thermogenic tissues as BAT and skeletal muscle of adult rats programmed by maternal HFD. We hypothesized that maternal HFD would modulate ECS and energy metabolism markers in BAT and skeletal muscle of adult male offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats received standard diet (9.4 % of calories as fat) or isocaloric HFD (28.9 % of calories as fat) for 8 weeks premating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned on standard diet and euthanatized in adulthood. KEY FINDINGS Maternal HFD increased body weight, adiposity, glycemia, leptinemia while decreased testosterone levels in adult offspring. Maternal HFD did not change cannabinoid receptors in BAT or skeletal muscle as hypothesized but increased the content of uncoupling protein and tyrosine hydroxylase (thermogenic markers) in parallel to changes in mitochondrial morphology in skeletal muscle of adult offspring. SIGNIFICANCE In metabolic programming models, the ECS modulation in the BAT and skeletal muscle may be more important early in life to adapt energy metabolism during maternal dietary insult, and other mechanisms are possibly involved in muscle metabolism long-term regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla P Dias-Rocha
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Almeida
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mendonça
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carteri RB, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Wannmacher CMD, Franceschi ID, Hammerschmitt ME, Driemeier D, Portela LV. Anabolic-androgenic steroids impair mitochondrial function and redox status in the heart and liver of mice. Steroids 2021; 172:108861. [PMID: 33984388 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiological doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may cause long-term functional abnormalities, particularly in the heart and liver, which may only represent the later-stage of the cumulative damage caused by dysfunctional organelles. We investigated whether mid-term supraphysiological doses of Testosterone and Nandrolone impair mitochondrial Ca2+ and membrane potential (ΔΨm) dynamics, and redox machinery in the heart and liver of mice. CF1 albino mice were treated daily with 15 mg/kg of Nandrolone (ND) or Testosterone (T), or oil (vehicle) for 19 days. Preparations enriched in mitochondria from the heart or liver were used to perform assays of Ca2+ influx/efflux, ΔΨm, and H2O2 production. ND significantly impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx in the heart, and ΔΨm in both organs. ND and T increased H2O2 levels in the heart and liver relative to controls. Also, ND increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins (TBARS and carbonyls) in the heart, and both AAS decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart and liver. In summary, supraphysiological doses of ND, and in a lesser extend T, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and ΔΨm, and redox homeostasis being early mechanistic substrates for inducing heart and liver tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itiane D Franceschi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia E Hammerschmitt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El Deib MM, El-Sharkawy NI, Beheiry RR, Abd-Elhakim YM, Ismail SA, Fahmy EM, Saber T, Saber TM. Boldenone undecylenate disrupts the immune system and induces autoimmune clinical hypothyroidism in rats: Vitamin C ameliorative effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107939. [PMID: 34224995 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of boldenone undecylenate (BL) abuse alone and in combination with vitamin C (VC) on the immune responses and thyroid structure and function in rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups and were subjected to various treatment regimens for eight weeks as follows: control group, vehicle control group, VC group orally received VC (120 mg/Kg BW/day), BL-treated group intramuscularly injected with BL (5 mg/kg BW, once/week), and BL+VC group received BL and VC. At the end of this experiment, blood and tissue samples (thyroid, thymus, and spleen) were subjected to hematological evaluation, biochemical analysis, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. In comparison to controls, BL significantly increased the levels of serum proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1 β and IL-6), immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), and complement 3 but reduced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, lysosome, and nitric oxide. Besides, altered platelet count and leukogram were evident in BL-injected rats. BL notably disturbed thyroid profile as revealed by a significant increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid peroxidase antibody. In contrast, both total and free forms of thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine), thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase, were significantly decreased. Moreover, BL caused histopathological changes in the thyroid, thymus, and spleen tissues.CD4+ immuno-expression was reduced, but CD8+ immunolabelling was increased in both spleen and thymus. The daily dosing of VC to BL-exposed rats significantly corrected most of the deviations in immune parameters. It restored most of the thyroid architecture and function, revealing a significant protective effect of this vitamin. This experimental study demonstrates that BL abusing disrupts the immune system by different mechanisms and addresses BL, for the first time, as an autoimmune clinical hypothyroidism inducer drug. Additionally, VC is helpful in the management of BL abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha M El Deib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El-Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Beheiry
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Aa Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dou X, Li S, Chai H, Qian Q, Wang M. Upregulated SOCC and IP3R calcium channels and subsequent elevated cytoplasmic calcium signaling promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting autophagy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3163-3175. [PMID: 33864571 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to elevated cytoplasmic calcium signaling in hepatocytes, which may be mediated by store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) and inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R). However, the regulatory effect of calcium signaling on lipid accumulation and degeneration in hepatocytes and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. Autophagy inhibition promotes lipid accumulation and steatosis in hepatocytes. However, the association between elevated calcium signaling and autophagy inhibition in hepatocytes and its effect on hepatocyte fatty lesions remain unclear. Here, we established a mouse hepatocyte fatty gradient model using oleic acid. SOCC and IP3R channel opening and cytoplasmic calcium levels gradually increased with the hepatocyte pimelosis degree, whereas autophagy gradually decreased. We also established an optimal oleic acid (OOA) hepatocyte model, observing significantly increased SOCC and IP3R channel opening and calcium influx alongside significantly decreased autophagy and aggravated cellular fatty lesion. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and calcium channel gene silencing reagents (CCGSRs), respectively, reversed these effects, indicating that elevated cytoplasmic calcium signaling promotes NAFLD occurrence and the development by inhibiting hepatocyte autophagy. In the OOA model, upregulated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), which can be regulated by SOCC and IP3R proteins transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1)/IP3R with elevated cytoplasmic calcium signaling, over-inhibited forkhead/winged helix O (FOXO) signaling and over-activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Over-inhibited FOXO signaling significantly downregulated autophagy-related gene 12, which inhibits autophagosome maturation, while over-activated mTORC1 signaling over-inactivated Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, which inhibits preautophagosome formation. CCBs and CCGSRs recovered autophagy by significantly downregulating ERK1/2 to block abnormal changes in FOXO and mTORC1 signaling. Our findings indicate that upregulated SOCC and IP3R channels and subsequent elevated cytoplasmic calcium signaling in hepatocyte fatty lesions inhibits hepatocyte autophagy through (TRPC1/IP3R)/ERK/(FOXO/mTORC1) signaling pathways, causes lipid accumulation and degeneration in hepatocytes, and promotes NAFLD occurrence and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science/Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Life Science/Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanqing Jiang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science/Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chai
- College of Life Science/Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyu Qian
- College of Life Science/Institute of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaojuan Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Troncoso MF, Pavez M, Wilson C, Lagos D, Duran J, Ramos S, Barrientos G, Silva P, Llanos P, Basualto-Alarcón C, Westenbrink BD, Lavandero S, Estrada M. Testosterone activates glucose metabolism through AMPK and androgen signaling in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Biol Res 2021; 54:3. [PMID: 33546773 PMCID: PMC7863443 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testosterone regulates nutrient and energy balance to maintain protein synthesis and metabolism in cardiomyocytes, but supraphysiological concentrations induce cardiac hypertrophy. Previously, we determined that testosterone increased glucose uptake—via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—after acute treatment in cardiomyocytes. However, whether elevated glucose uptake is involved in long-term changes of glucose metabolism or is required during cardiomyocyte growth remained unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that glucose uptake and glycolysis increase in testosterone-treated cardiomyocytes through AMPK and androgen receptor (AR). Methods Cultured cardiomyocytes were stimulated with 100 nM testosterone for 24 h, and hypertrophy was verified by increased cell size and mRNA levels of β-myosin heavy chain (β-mhc). Glucose uptake was assessed by 2-NBDG. Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were determined by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Results Testosterone induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that was accompanied by increased glucose uptake, glycolysis enhancement and upregulated mRNA expression of hexokinase 2. In addition, testosterone increased AMPK phosphorylation (Thr172), while inhibition of both AMPK and AR blocked glycolysis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by testosterone. Moreover, testosterone supplementation in adult male rats by 5 weeks induced cardiac hypertrophy and upregulated β-mhc, Hk2 and Pfk2 mRNA levels. Conclusion These results indicate that testosterone stimulates glucose metabolism by activation of AMPK and AR signaling which are critical to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Wilson
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, 5951537, Coyhaique, Chile.,Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roşca AE, Vlădăreanu AM, Mititelu A, Popescu BO, Badiu C, Căruntu C, Voiculescu SE, Onisâi M, Gologan Ş, Mirica R, Zăgrean L. Effects of Exogenous Androgens on Platelet Activity and Their Thrombogenic Potential in Supraphysiological Administration: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10010147. [PMID: 33406783 PMCID: PMC7795962 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), simply called “androgens”, represent the most widespread drugs used to enhance performance and appearance in a sporting environment. High-dosage and/or long-term AAS administration has been associated frequently with significant alterations in the cardiovascular system, some of these with severe endpoints. The induction of a prothrombotic state is probably the most life-threatening consequence, suggested by numerous case reports in AAS-abusing athletes, and by a considerable number of human and animal studies assessing the influence of exogenous androgens on hemostasis. Despite over fifty years of research, data regarding the thrombogenic potential of exogenous androgens are still scarce. The main reason is the limited possibility of conducting human prospective studies. However, human observational studies conducted in athletes or patients, in vitro human studies, and animal experiments have pointed out that androgens in supraphysiological doses induce enhanced platelet activity and thrombopoiesis, leading to increased platelet aggregation. If this tendency overlaps previously existing coagulation and/or fibrinolysis dysfunctions, it may lead to a thrombotic diathesis, which could explain the multitude of thromboembolic events reported in the AAS-abusing population. The influence of androgen excess on the platelet activity and fluid–coagulant balance remains a subject of debate, urging for supplementary studies in order to clarify the effects on hemostasis, and to provide new compelling evidence for their claimed thrombogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Eugen Roşca
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Research-Development in the Pathology Domain, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Ana-Maria Vlădăreanu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Alina Mititelu
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Research-Development in the Pathology Domain, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 11863 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Căruntu
- Division of Physiology, Department of Fundamental Disciplines, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Minodora Onisâi
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Şerban Gologan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias Clinical Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Mirica
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.E.V.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zaami S, Minutillo A, Sirignano A, Marinelli E. Effects of Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drugs on Personality Traits. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:730167. [PMID: 34630182 PMCID: PMC8497711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) are commonly used by adolescents and young adults in an effort to improve not only athletic performance but also physical and mental efficiency and sexual appearance. The rationale for using these drugs is grounded in the perceived importance of external appearance, the quest for health and youth, and the urge to boost one's sexual performances. Although APED users tend to be quite moderate overall, some specific subpopulations can display pathological use associated with high-risk behaviors. A wide and diverse range of APEDs is now easily accessible to almost anyone through backdoor online avenues. Common APEDs include anabolic-androgenic steroids, non-steroidal anabolics, anorectics, diuretics and ergo/thermogenics, nootropics or "cognition enhancers," licit and illicit psychostimulants, and finally, sexual enhancers. The use of APEDs appears linked to several psychopathological disorders of unclear prevalence, e.g., body image disorders and eating disorders, perfectionism, but also depression and loneliness. The role of personality traits related to APED use has been investigated in adolescents and young adults, in elite and amateur athletes, and in chemsexers and associated with the above-reported personality traits. The studies herein analyzed show that APED consumption in the general population is quickly growing into a public health concern. It is therefore essential to launch prevention and intervention projects aimed at promoting safe instrumental use of the body, not only in sports disciplines but also among the general population, and to promote psychological aid procedures for people with substance use issues, depression and anxiety, and body image disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Minutillo
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ascanio Sirignano
- School of Law, Medico-Legal Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Osipovich AB, Stancill JS, Cartailler JP, Dudek KD, Magnuson MA. Excitotoxicity and Overnutrition Additively Impair Metabolic Function and Identity of Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1476-1491. [PMID: 32332159 PMCID: PMC7809715 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration (referred to hereafter as excitotoxicity), brought on by chronic metabolic stress, may contribute to pancreatic β-cell failure. To determine the additive effects of excitotoxicity and overnutrition on β-cell function and gene expression, we analyzed the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on Abcc8 knockout mice. Excitotoxicity caused β-cells to be more susceptible to HFD-induced impairment of glucose homeostasis, and these effects were mitigated by verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. Excitotoxicity, overnutrition, and the combination of both stresses caused similar but distinct alterations in the β-cell transcriptome, including additive increases in genes associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis and their key regulator Ppargc1a Overnutrition worsened excitotoxicity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increasing metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial damage. In addition, excitotoxicity and overnutrition, individually and together, impaired both β-cell function and identity by reducing expression of genes important for insulin secretion, cell polarity, cell junction, cilia, cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking, and regulation of β-cell epigenetic and transcriptional program. Sex had an impact on all β-cell responses, with male animals exhibiting greater metabolic stress-induced impairments than females. Together, these findings indicate that a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+, by altering mitochondrial function and impairing β-cell identity, augments overnutrition-induced β-cell failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Karrie D Dudek
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tobiansky DJ, Miles MC, Goller F, Fuxjager MJ. Androgenic modulation of extraordinary muscle speed creates a performance trade-off with endurance. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb222984. [PMID: 32291320 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.222984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Performance trade-offs can dramatically alter an organism's evolutionary trajectory by making certain phenotypic outcomes unattainable. Understanding how these trade-offs arise from an animal's design is therefore an important goal of biology. To explore this topic, we studied how androgenic hormones, which regulate skeletal muscle function, influence performance trade-offs relevant to different components of complex reproductive behaviour. We conducted this work in golden-collared manakins (Manacus vitellinus), a neotropical bird in which males court females by rapidly snapping their wings together above their back. Androgens help mediate this behavior by radically increasing the twitch speed of a dorsal wing muscle (scapulohumeralis caudalis, SH), which actuates the bird's wing-snap. Through hormone manipulations and in situ muscle recordings, we tested how these positive effects on SH speed influence trade-offs with endurance. Indeed, this latter trait impacts the display by shaping signal length. We found that androgen-dependent increases in SH speed incur a cost to endurance, particularly when this muscle performs at its functional limits. Moreover, when behavioural data were overlaid on our muscle recordings, displaying animals appeared to balance display speed with fatigue-induced muscle fusion (physiological tetanus) to generate the fastest possible signal while maintaining an appropriate signal duration. Our results point to androgen action as a functional trigger of trade-offs in sexual performance - these hormones enhance one element of a courtship display, but in doing so, impede another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tobiansky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Meredith C Miles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Franz Goller
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Institute for Zoophysiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthew J Fuxjager
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Bournonville C, McGrath A, Remage-Healey L. Testosterone synthesis in the female songbird brain. Horm Behav 2020; 121:104716. [PMID: 32061616 PMCID: PMC7198340 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Decades of work have established the brain as a source of steroid hormones, termed 'neurosteroids'. The neurosteroid neuroestradiol is produced in discrete brain areas and influences cognition, sensory processing, reproduction, neurotransmission, and disease. A prevailing research focus on neuroestradiol has essentially ignored whether its immediate synthesis precursor - the androgen testosterone - is also dynamically regulated within the brain. Testosterone itself can rapidly influence neurophysiology and behavior, and there is indirect evidence that the female brain may synthesize significant quantities of testosterone to regulate cognition, reproduction, and behavior. In songbirds, acoustic communication is regulated by neuroestrogens. Neuroestrogens are rapidly synthetized in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of the auditory cortex of zebra finches in response to song and can influence auditory processing and song discrimination. Here, we examined the in vivo dynamics of NCM levels of the neuroestrogen synthesis precursor, testosterone. Unlike estradiol, testosterone did not appear to fluctuate in the female NCM during song exposure. However, a substantial song-induced elevation of testosterone was revealed in the left hemisphere NCM of females when local aromatization (i.e., conversion to estrogens) was locally blocked. This elevation was eliminated when local androgen synthesis was concomitantly blocked. Further, no parallel elevation was observed in the circulation in response to song playback, consistent with a local, neural origin of testosterone synthesis. To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct demonstration that testosterone fluctuates rapidly in the brain in response to socially-relevant environmental stimuli. Our findings suggest therefore that locally-derived 'neuroandrogens' can dynamically influence brain function and behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that androgen synthesis occurs rapidly in vivo in the brain in response to social cues, in a lateralized manner. Specifically, testosterone synthesis occurs within the left secondary auditory cortex when female zebra finches hear male song. Therefore, testosterone could act as a neuromodulator to rapidly shape sensory processing. Androgens have been linked to functions such as the control of female libido, and many steroidal drugs used for contraception, anti-cancer treatments, and sexual dysfunction likely influence the brain synthesis and action of testosterone. The current findings therefore establish a clear role for androgen synthesis in the female brain with implications for understanding neural circuit function and behavior in animals, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine de Bournonville
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Aiden McGrath
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - Luke Remage-Healey
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramzan R, Vogt S, Kadenbach B. Stress-mediated generation of deleterious ROS in healthy individuals - role of cytochrome c oxidase. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:651-657. [PMID: 32313986 PMCID: PMC7220878 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is known to cause an increased incidence of coronary heart disease. In addition, multiple other diseases like cancer and diabetes mellitus have been related to stress and are mainly based on excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. The molecular interactions between stress and ROS, however, are still unknown. Here we describe the missing molecular link between stress and an increased cellular ROS, based on the regulation of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). In normal healthy cells, the "allosteric ATP inhibition of COX" decreases the oxygen uptake of mitochondria at high ATP/ADP ratios and keeps the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) low. Above ΔΨm values of 140 mV, the production of ROS in mitochondria increases exponentially. Stress signals like hypoxia, stress hormones, and high glutamate or glucose in neurons increase the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration which activates a mitochondrial phosphatase that dephosphorylates COX. This dephosphorylated COX exhibits no allosteric ATP inhibition; consequently, an increase of ΔΨm and ROS formation takes place. The excess production of mitochondrial ROS causes apoptosis or multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 2, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Heart Surgery, The University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Baldinger Strasse 1, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 2, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Heart Surgery, The University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Baldinger Strasse 1, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kadenbach
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Venckunas T, Krusnauskas R, Snieckus A, Eimantas N, Baranauskiene N, Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S. Acute effects of very low-volume high-intensity interval training on muscular fatigue and serum testosterone level vary according to age and training status. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1725-1733. [PMID: 31165241 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the acute physiological responses of three different very low-volume cycling sessions (6 × 5 s, 3 × 30 s, and 3 × 60 s) and their dependence on age and training status. METHODS Subjects were untrained young men (mean ± SD; age 22.3 ± 4.6 years, VO2peak 42.4 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, n = 10), older untrained men (69.9 ± 6.3 years, 26.5 ± 7.6 ml/kg/min, n = 11), and endurance-trained cyclists (26.4 ± 9.4 years, 55.4 ± 6.6 ml/kg/min, n = 10). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and electrically stimulated knee extension torque, and low-frequency fatigue, as ratio of stimulation torques at 20-100 Hz (P20/100), were measured only 24 h after exercise. Serum testosterone (Te) and blood lactate concentrations were measured only 1 h after exercise. RESULTS All protocols increased the blood lactate concentration and decreased MVC and P20/100 in young men, but especially young untrained men. In old untrained men, 6 × 5 s decreased P20/100 but not MVC. Te increased after 3 × 30 s and 3 × 60 s in young untrained men and after 3 × 60 s in older untrained men. The increase in Te correlated with responses of blood lactate concentration, MVC, and P20/100 only in old untrained men. CONCLUSIONS As little as 6 × 5 s all-out cycling induced fatigue in young and old untrained and endurance-trained cyclists. Slightly higher-volume sessions with longer intervals, however, suppressed contractile function more markedly and also transiently increased serum testosterone concentration in untrained men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - R Krusnauskas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - A Snieckus
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - N Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - N Baranauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - A Skurvydas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - M Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - S Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Calcineurin is involved in retrieval of passive avoidance memory and synaptic plasticity impairment induced by Nandrolone administration in adolescent male rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 163:107032. [PMID: 31173920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of evidence about negative effects of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) on cognitive and memory performance, the underlying mechanisms are complex and have remained unclear. This research examines the role of Calcineurin in synaptic plasticity and memory storage impairment in ND administrated adolescent male rats. For behavioral study by passive avoidance learning and memory (PAL), adolescent male rats were treated with ND or ND plus selective Calcineurin antagonist (Tacrolimus), before retention test. ND significantly decreased the retrieval of PAL, whereas Tacrolimus plus ND had no significant effect on PAL. For electrophysiological study hippocampal slices were perfused by ND or ND plus Tacrolimus. The magnitude of fEPSP-LTP of ND perfused slices was less than the control and a reduction of fEPSP-PS (E-S) coupling was observed, while pre-administration of Tacrolimus abolished the ND impairment effect on fEPSP-LTP and E-S coupling. This study showed that ND may induce impairing effects on hippocampal area CA1 activity and plasticity and PAL memory storage through changes in the function of the Calcineurin.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cintineo HP, Freidenreich DJ, Blaine CM, Cardaci TD, Pellegrino JK, Arent SM. Acute Physiological Responses to an Intensity-And Time-Under-Tension-Equated Single- vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training Bout in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3310-3318. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Kujawska A, Androsiuk-Perkowska J, Husejko J, Kozuchowski M, Bieniek D, Skierkowska N, Topka W, Gajos M, Kedziora-Kornatowska K. Potential risks related to anabolic steroids use on nervous, cardiovascular and reproductive systems disorders in men. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anabolic steroids (AS) have been a subject of intensive research for the last several decades. Due to wide use of AS in pharmacological treatment and in professional and amateur sport, it is, hence, worthwhile to describe the biochemical mechanism of the effects of AS usage in humans and its potential health risks. In this work, the relationship between diet and its effect on the level of testosterone in blood is described. Testosterone affects the nervous system, however, there is need for further researches to examine the influence of AS therapy on emotional and cognitive functioning. AS therapy has known negative effects on the cardiovascular system: cardiac hypertrophy can occur, blood pressure can vastly increased, thrombotic complications can come about. These effects are observed not only in patients who are treated with AS, but also in athletes. The paper also describes the relationship between AS and reproductive system diseases. Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction are only some of the many side effects of an incorrect AS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kujawska
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department of Physiology , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marcin Kozuchowski
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Daria Bieniek
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Natalia Skierkowska
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Weronika Topka
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Gajos
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Kornelia Kedziora-Kornatowska
- Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz NCU in Torun, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akinola OB, Gabriel MO. Neuroanatomical and molecular correlates of cognitive and behavioural outcomes in hypogonadal males. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:491-505. [PMID: 29230619 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Robust epidemiological, clinical and laboratory evidence supports emerging roles for the sex steroids in such domains as neurodevelopment, behaviour, learning and cognition. Regions of the mammalian brain that are involved in cognitive development and memory do not only express the classical nuclear androgen receptor, but also the non-genomic membrane receptor, which is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates some rapid effects of the androgens on neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Under physiological conditions, hippocampal neurons do express the enzyme aromatase, and therefore actively aromatize testosterone to oestradiol. Although glial expression of the aromatase enzyme is minimal, increased expression following injury suggests a role for sex steroids in neuroprotection. It is therefore plausible to deduce that low levels of circulating androgens in males would perturb neuronal functions in relation to cognition and memory, as well as neural repair following injury. The present review is an overview of some roles of the sex steroids on cognitive function in males, and the neuroanatomical and molecular underpinnings of some behavioural and cognitive deficits characteristic of such genetic disorders noted for low androgen levels, including Klinefelter syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Kallman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Recent literature in relation to some behavioural and cognitive changes secondary to surgical and pharmacological castration are also appraised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O B Akinola
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - M O Gabriel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hildebrandt T, Heywood A, Wesley D, Schulz K. Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal. Front Psychol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 29651261 PMCID: PMC5885244 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic androgens (i. e., anabolic-androgenic steroids) are the primary component to the majority of problematic appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) use. Despite evidence that these substances are associated with increased risk for aggression, violence, body image disturbances, and polypharmacy and can develop a pattern of chronic use consistent with drug dependence, there are no formal definitions of androgen intoxication. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to establish a testable theory of androgen intoxication. We present evidence and theorize that synthetic androgen intoxication can be defined by a pattern of poor self-regulation characterized by increased propensity for a range of behaviors (e.g., aggression, sex, drug seeking, exercise, etc.) via androgen mediated effects on general brain arousal. This theory posits that androgens reduce threshold for emotional reactivity, motor response, and alertness to sensory stimuli and disrupt inhibitory control over the behaviors associated with synthetic androgen use. These changes result from alteration to basic neurocircuitry that amplifies limbic activation and reduces top-down cortical control. The implications for this definition are to inform APED specific hypotheses about the behavioral and psychological effects of APED use and provide a basis for establishing clinical, legal, and public health guidelines to address the use and misuse of these substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hildebrandt
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Heywood
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Wesley
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheung AS, Grossmann M. Physiological basis behind ergogenic effects of anabolic androgens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 464:14-20. [PMID: 28159654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely abused by the sporting community. Demonstrating performance enhancing effects of AAS in rigorous scientific studies is fraught with difficulty. In controlled studies, AAS have consistently been reported to increase muscle mass and strength. The clinical evidence that these anabolic effects are independent of, and additive to exercise are supported by preclinical studies suggesting that AAS and exercise affect muscle by overlapping, yet distinct mechanisms. AAS may also improve performance by their actions on other organ systems, such as the vasculature, and the erythropoietic and central nervous system, although this evidence is less strong. While most of the actions of AAS are thought to be mediated via classical androgen receptor-mediated genomic signalling, AAS may also produce rapid effects via non-genomic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada S Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernández-Vargas M. Rapid effects of estrogens and androgens on temporal and spectral features in ultrasonic vocalizations. Horm Behav 2017; 94:69-83. [PMID: 28687274 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Joukar S, Vahidi R, Farsinejad A, Asadi-Shekaari M, Shahouzehi B. Ameliorative Effects of Endurance Exercise with Two Different Intensities on Nandrolone Decanoate-Induced Neurodegeneration in Rats: Involving Redox and Apoptotic Systems. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:41-49. [PMID: 28144902 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of this issue, less has been paid to the influence of exercise on the neural side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids and mechanisms. We investigated the effects of two levels of endurance exercise on neurodegeneration side effects of nandrolone. The study period was 8 weeks. Wistar rats were divided into nine groups including the control (CTL) group, mild exercise (mEx) group, and vehicle (Arach) group which received arachis oil intramuscularly, nandrolone (Nan) group which received nandrolone decanoate 5 mg/kg two times weekly, mEx+Arach group which treated with arachis oil along with mild exercise, mEx+Nan group which treated with nandrolone along with mild exercise, severe exercise (sEx) group, sEx+Arach, and sEx+Nan groups. Finally, brain samples were taken for histopathological, biochemical, and western blot analysis. Nandrolone significantly decreased the intact cells of the hippocampus, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P < 0.05 versus CTL and Arach groups), TAC to malondialdehyde ratio (TAC/MDA), and Bcl-2. Nandrolone increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of the brain tissue (P < 0.01 versus CTL and Arach groups). Combination of mild exercise and nandrolone rescued the intact cells to some extent, and this effect was associated with the improvement of Bcl-2 level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of brain tissue. Combination of severe exercise and nandrolone rescued the intact cells and improved the TAC, TAC/MDA, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. The findings suggest that low- and high-intensity endurance exercise decreased the risk of neurodegeneration effect of nandrolone in the hippocampus of rats. This effect can be explained by the regulation of the redox system and cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Vahidi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran.
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Beydolah Shahouzehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grönbladh A, Nylander E, Hallberg M. The neurobiology and addiction potential of anabolic androgenic steroids and the effects of growth hormone. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:127-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
24
|
Turillazzi E, Neri M, Cerretani D, Cantatore S, Frati P, Moltoni L, Busardò FP, Pomara C, Riezzo I, Fineschi V. Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic response in rat brain areas induced by long-term administration of nandrolone: the mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF-kB. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:601-12. [PMID: 26828721 PMCID: PMC5125979 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the played by oxidative stress in the apoptotic response in different brain areas of rats chronically treated with supra-physiological doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND). Immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cells' apoptosis and to measure the effects of expression of specific mediators, such as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), SMAC/DIABLO (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct IAP-binding protein with low PI) and VMAT2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) on apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that a long-term administration of ND promotes oxidative injury in rat brain specific areas. A link between oxidative stress and NF-κB signalling pathways is supported by our results. In addition to high levels of oxidative stress, we consistently observed a strong immunopositivity to NF-κB. It has been argued that one of the pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB could be under reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated control. In fact, growing evidence suggests that although in limited doses, endogenous ROS may play an activating role in NF-κB signalling, while above a certain threshold, they may negatively impact upon this signalling. However, a mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF-κB exists and recent studies have shown that ROS activity is subject to negative feedback regulation by NF-κB, and that this negative regulation of ROS is the means through which NF-κB counters programmed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Turillazzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cerretani
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Santina Cantatore
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.,Neuromed, Istituto Mediterraneo Neurologico (IRCCS), Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Laura Moltoni
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Irene Riezzo
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nilsen TS, Thorsen L, Fosså SD, Wiig M, Kirkegaard C, Skovlund E, Benestad HB, Raastad T. Effects of strength training on muscle cellular outcomes in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1026-35. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Nilsen
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Thorsen
- Department of Oncology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - S. D. Fosså
- Department of Oncology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Wiig
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - C. Kirkegaard
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
- Department of Oncology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - E. Skovlund
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health and School of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - H. B. Benestad
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - T. Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pomara C, Neri M, Bello S, Fiore C, Riezzo I, Turillazzi E. Neurotoxicity by synthetic androgen steroids: oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuropathology: A review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:132-45. [PMID: 26074748 PMCID: PMC4462038 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141210221434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic substances derived from testosterone that are largely employed due to their trophic effect on muscle tissue of athletes at all levels. Since a great number of organs and systems are a target of AAS, their adverse effects are primarily on the following systems: reproductive, hepatic, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal, immunological, infectious, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and hematological. Neuropsychiatric and behavioral effects as a result of AAS abuse are well known and described in the literature. Mounting evidence exists suggesting that in addition to psychiatric and behavioral effects, non-medical use of AAS carries neurodegenerative potential. Although, the nature of this association remains largely unexplored, recent animal studies have shown the recurrence of this AAS effect, ranging from neurotrophin unbalance to increased neuronal susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. Experimental and animal studies strongly suggest that apoptotic mechanisms are at least in part involved in AAS-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, a great body of evidence is emerging suggesting that increased susceptibility to cellular oxidative stress could play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment. As in other drug-evoked encephalopathies, the key mechanisms involved in AAS - induced neuropathology could represent a target for future neuroprotective strategies. Progress in the understanding of these mechanisms will provide important insights into the complex pathophysiology of AAS-induced neurodegeneration, and will pave the way for forthcoming studies. Supplementary to abandoning the drug abuse that represents the first step in reducing the possibility of irreversible brain damage in AAS abusers, neuroprotective strategies have to be developed and implemented in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Pomara
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta. Msida, Malta
| | - Margherita Neri
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Bello
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Fiore
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Irene Riezzo
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ayaz O, Howlett SE. Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:9. [PMID: 25922656 PMCID: PMC4411792 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease rises dramatically with age in both men and women. Because a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease rises markedly after the onset of menopause, there has been growing interest in the effect of estrogen on the heart and its role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Much less attention has been paid to the impact of testosterone on the heart, even though the levels of testosterone also decline with age and low-testosterone levels are linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge that receptors for all major sex steroid hormones, including testosterone, are present on individual cardiomyocytes suggests that these hormones may influence the heart at the cellular level. Indeed, it is well established that there are male-female differences in intracellular Ca(2+) release and contraction in isolated ventricular myocytes. Growing evidence suggests that these differences arise from effects of sex steroid hormones on processes involved in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. This review considers how myocardial contractile function is modified by testosterone, with a focus on the impact of testosterone on processes that regulate Ca(2+) handling at the level of the ventricular myocyte. The idea that testosterone regulates Ca(2+) handling in the heart is important, as Ca(2+) dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a variety of different cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of sex hormone regulation of myocardial Ca(2+) homeostasis may reveal new targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in all older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Susan Ellen Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
- Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fraysse B, Vignaud A, Fane B, Schuh M, Butler-Browne G, Metzger D, Ferry A. Acute effect of androgens on maximal force-generating capacity and electrically evoked calcium transient in mouse skeletal muscles. Steroids 2014; 87:6-11. [PMID: 24844204 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As androgens might have rapid androgen-receptor (AR) independent action on muscle cells, we analysed the in vivo acute effect of androgens on maximal force generation capacity and electrically evoked calcium transient responsible for the excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle from wild-type male mice and muscle fibre androgen receptor (AR) deficient (AR(skm-/y)) male mice. We tested the hypothesis that acute in vivo androgen treatment improves contractility and modifies calcium transient in mouse hindlimb muscles. In addition, we determined whether the reduced maximal force generation capacity of AR(skm-/y) mice is caused by an alteration in calcium transient. We found that acute dehydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone treatment of mice does not change in situ maximal force, power or fatigue resistance of tibialis anterior muscles. In agreement with this observation, maximal force and twitch kinetics also remained unchanged when both whole extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle or fibre bundles were incubated in vitro with DHT. Electrically evoked calcium transient, i.e. calcium amplitude, time to peak and decay, was also not modified by DHT treatment of EDL muscle fibre bundles. Finally, we found no difference in calcium transient between AR(skm-/y) and wild-type mice despite the reduced maximal force in EDL fibre bundles of AR(skm-/y) mice. In conclusion, acute androgen treatment has no ergogenic effect on muscle contractility and does not affect calcium transient in response to stimulation. In addition, the reduced maximal force of AR(skm-/y) mice is not related to calcium transient dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodvael Fraysse
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 974S794, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Bourama Fane
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 974S794, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Schuh
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 974S794, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104/INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 974S794, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pope HG, Wood RI, Rogol A, Nyberg F, Bowers L, Bhasin S. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:341-75. [PMID: 24423981 PMCID: PMC4026349 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage in sports, and not on the health risks of PEDs. There is a widespread misperception that PED use is safe or that adverse effects are manageable. In reality, the vast majority of PED users are not athletes but rather nonathlete weightlifters, and the adverse health effects of PED use are greatly underappreciated. This scientific statement synthesizes available information on the medical consequences of PED use, identifies gaps in knowledge, and aims to focus the attention of the medical community and policymakers on PED use as an important public health problem. PED users frequently consume highly supraphysiologic doses of PEDs, combine them with other PEDs and/or other classical drugs of abuse, and display additional associated risk factors. PED use has been linked to an increased risk of death and a wide variety of cardiovascular, psychiatric, metabolic, endocrine, neurologic, infectious, hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal disorders. Because randomized trials cannot ethically duplicate the large doses of PEDs and the many factors associated with PED use, we need observational studies to collect valid outcome data on the health risks associated with PEDs. In addition, we need studies regarding the prevalence of PED use, the mechanisms by which PEDs exert their adverse health effects, and the interactive effects of PEDs with sports injuries and other high-risk behaviors. We also need randomized trials to assess therapeutic interventions for treating the adverse effects of PEDs, such as the anabolic-androgen steroid withdrawal syndrome. Finally, we need to raise public awareness of the serious health consequences of PEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison G Pope
- McLean Hospital (H.G.P.), Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478; University of Southern California (R.I.W.), Los Angeles, California 90089; University of Virginia (A.R.), Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, (F.N.), Upsala University, SE-751 24, Upsala, Sweden; United States Anti-Doping Agency (L.B.), Colorado Springs, Colorado 80919; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.B.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ribeiro BG, Fernandes KPS, Silva MT, Sierra SO, Bussadori SK, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Effects of nandrolone decanoate on the viability of muscle satellite cells during the differentiation process. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/278210114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that the anabolic nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin(r)) can modulate cell cycle regulation, but little is known about its effects on muscle cells. Anabolic steroids are used, especially by athletes, to improve muscle mass and performance in the practice of exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the anabolic Deca-Durabolin(r) on the proliferation of skeletal muscle precursor cells C2C12. Cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), being supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and subjected to differentiation by the addition of 2% horse serum. They were incubated with anabolic at concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM. The groups that received no anabolic or vehicle served as controls. The viability (proliferation) was evaluated by the MTT method (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Thiazolyl blue) after one, three and five days of incubation. Three independent experiments were performed in each of the mentioned conditions, and the results were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of p≤0.05 (ANOVA/Dunnett). Results showed no difference in viability between muscle cells treated with anabolic and the control cultures in all parameters. In conclusion, nandrolone, at the used concentrations, was not able to alter the viability of muscle C2C12 satellite cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu CC, Xu YQ, Wu JC, Hang PZ, Wang Y, Wang C, Wu JW, Qi JC, Zhang Y, Du ZM. Vitexin protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting calcineurin and CaMKII signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 386:747-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Kilduff L, Cook CJ, Bennett M, Crewther B, Bracken RM, Manning J. Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts free testosterone levels associated with a physical challenge. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:677-83. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.747690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Anabolic-androgenic steroids induce apoptosis and NOS2 (nitric-oxide synthase 2) in adult rat Leydig cells following in vivo exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:686-93. [PMID: 23085480 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone (T) predominantly taken as drugs of abuse. Using in vivo treatment of adult male rats we investigated the effects of testosterone enanthate (TE) a widely abused AAS, on apoptosis of Leydig cells. Increased T and decreased luteinizing hormone levels in serum and decreased intra-testicular T values were found in 2 and 10 weeks treated groups. Two weeks of TE-treatment stimulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) followed by increased NO production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased prevalence of Leydig cell apoptosis. This was prevented by in vivo administration of androgen receptor blocker. The induced NOS2 level and apoptosis returned to control levels after 10 weeks of TE-treatment but testes contained fewer Leydig cells. Overall, AAS in addition to reduced steroidogenesis induce transient increase of Leydig cells apoptotic rate through mechanism associated with androgen receptor, most likely involving NOS2 induction.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cavalari FC, de Castro AL, Fracasso BDM, Loss EDS. Non-classic androgen actions in Sertoli cell membrane in whole seminiferous tubules: effects of nandrolone decanoate and catechin. Steroids 2012; 77:118-25. [PMID: 22093481 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies show a mechanism of action of testosterone, nandrolone and catechin as agonists of the membrane androgen receptor. The aim of this work is to investigate the non-classical effect of androgens and catechin in Sertoli cells from immature rats. The membrane potential of Sertoli cells in whole seminiferous tubules was recorded using a standard single microelectrode technique. It was performed a topical application of testosterone (1 μM), nandrolone (0.1, 0.5 and 1 μM) and the flavonoid catechin (0.1, 0.5 and 1 μM) alone and also after infusion with flutamide (1 μM), diazoxide (100 μM) or U73122 (1 μM). The immature testes were incubated for 5 min in KRb with (45)Ca(2+), with or without nandrolone (1 μM). The results were given as mean±SEM. The data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures with Bonferroni post-test. Testosterone produces a depolarization in the membrane potential at 120 s after application. Catechin (1 μM) and nandrolone (1 μM) have shown a similar response to testosterone: depolarization at 120 s after the application. The same response of catechin and nandrolone was observed at different doses. The effects of testosterone, catechin and nandrolone were not affected after perfusion with flutamide. Perfusion with diazoxide and U73122 nullified the effect of nandrolone (1 μM) and catechin (1 μM). Nandrolone and testosterone increased (45)Ca(2+) uptake with or without flutamide within 5min. These results indicate that nandrolone and catechin act through a receptor on the plasmatic membrane, as well as testosterone, showing a non-classical pathway in Sertoli cells from immature rat testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Carvalho Cavalari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|