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Wang J, Du L, Zhang T, Chu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ji X, Kang Y, Cui R, Zhang G, Liu J, Shi G. Edaravone Dexborneol ameliorates the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway via upregulating TREM2. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110006. [PMID: 38763325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents available to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, edaravone dexborneol (EDB), a novel composite agent used to treat acute ischemic stroke, has recently been shown to exert efficacious neuroprotective effects. However, whether EDB can ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD currently remains unclear. To this end, we explored the effects of EDB on AD and its potential mechanisms using an AD animal model (male APP/PS1 mice) treated with EDB for 10 weeks starting at 6 months of age. Subsequent analyses revealed that EDB-treated APP/PS1 mice exhibited improved cognitive abilities compared to untreated APP/PS1 mice. Administration of EDB in APP/PS1 mice further alleviated neuropathological alterations of the hippocampus, including Aβ deposition, pyramidal cell karyopyknosis, and oxidative damage, and significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and COX-2 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated the critical role of the inflammatory reaction in EDB treatment in APP/PS1 mice, indicating that the alleviation of the inflammatory reaction by EDB in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was linked to the action of the TREM2/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway. Further in vitro investigations showed that EDB suppressed neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and upregulating TREM2 expression. Thus, the findings of the present study demonstrate that EDB is a promising therapeutic agent for AD-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Longyuan Du
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Geming Shi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Liyanage I, Reed MA, Weaver DF. Alzheimer's Disease and COVID-19 Pathogenic Overlap: Implications for Drug Repurposing. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:161-172. [PMID: 36991574 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 continues, a safe, cost-effective treatment strategy demands continued inquiry. Chronic neuroinflammatory disorders may appear to be of little relevance in this regard; often indolent and progressive disorders characterized by neuroinflammation (such as Alzheimer's disease (AD)) are fundamentally dissimilar in etiology and symptomology to COVID-19's rapid infectivity and pathology. However, the two disorders share extensive pathognomonic features, including at membrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular levels, culminating in analogous immunogenic destruction of their respective organ parenchyma. We hypothesize that these mechanistic similarities may extent to therapeutic targets, namely that it is conceivable an agent against AD's immunopathy may have efficacy against COVID-19 and vice versa. It is notable that while extensively investigated, no agent has yet demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against AD's cognitive and memory declines. Yet this very failure has driven the development of numerous agents with strong mechanistic potential and clinical characteristics. Having already approved for clinical trials, these agents may be an expedient starting point in the urgent search for an effective COVID-19 therapy. Herein, we review the overlapping Alzheimer's/ COVID-19 targets and theorize several initial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Shen Z, Yang X, Lan Y, Chen G. The Neuro-Inflammatory Microenvironment: An Important Regulator of Stem Cell Survival in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:741-754. [PMID: 38489182 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment due to excessive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Although decades of research efforts have been put into developing disease-modifying therapies for AD, no "curative" drug has been identified. As a central player in neuro-inflammation, microglia play a key role inbrain homeostasis by phagocytosing debris and regulating the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective events. Typically, the neurotoxic phenotype of activated microglia is predominant in the impaired microenvironment of AD. Accordingly, transitioning the activity state of microglia from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory can restore the disrupted homeostatic microenvironment. Recently, stem cell therapy holds great promise as a treatment for AD; however, the diminished survival of transplanted stem cells has resulted in a disappointing long-term outcome for this treatment. This article reviews the functional changes of microglia through the course of AD-associated homeostatic deterioration. We summarize the possible microglia-associated therapeutic targets including TREM2, IL-3Rα, CD22, C5aR1, CX3CR1, P2X7R, CD33, Nrf2, PPAR-γ, CSF1R, and NLRP3, each of which has been discussed in detail. The goal of this review is to put forth the notion that microglia could be targeted by either small molecules or biologics to make the brain microenvironment more amenable to stem cell implantation and propose a novel treatment strategy for future stem cell interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ma Y, Wang W, Liu S, Qiao X, Xing Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 13:79. [PMID: 38201283 PMCID: PMC10778497 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease and clinically manifests with cognitive decline and behavioral disabilities. Over the past years, mounting studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory response plays a key role in the onset and development of AD, and neuroinflammation has been proposed as the third major pathological driving factor of AD, ranking after the two well-known core pathologies, amyloid β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Epigenetic mechanisms, referring to heritable changes in gene expression independent of DNA sequence alterations, are crucial regulators of neuroinflammation which have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for AD. Upon regulation of transcriptional repression or activation, epigenetic modification profiles are closely involved in inflammatory gene expression and signaling pathways of neuronal differentiation and cognitive function in central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about epigenetic control mechanisms with a focus on DNA and histone modifications involved in the regulation of inflammatory genes and signaling pathways in AD, and the inhibitors under clinical assessment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ma
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
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Amadoro G, Latina V, Stigliano E, Micera A. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease Share Common Neurological and Ophthalmological Manifestations: A Bidirectional Risk in the Post-Pandemic Future. Cells 2023; 12:2601. [PMID: 37998336 PMCID: PMC10670749 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that a neuropathological cross-talk takes place between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -the pandemic severe pneumonia that has had a tremendous impact on the global economy and health since three years after its outbreak in December 2019- and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia among human beings, reaching 139 million by the year 2050. Even though COVID-19 is a primary respiratory disease, its causative agent, the so-called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is also endowed with high neuro-invasive potential (Neurocovid). The neurological complications of COVID-19, resulting from the direct viral entry into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or indirect systemic inflammation and dysregulated activation of immune response, encompass memory decline and anosmia which are typically associated with AD symptomatology. In addition, patients diagnosed with AD are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are inclined to more severe clinical outcomes. In the present review, we better elucidate the intimate connection between COVID-19 and AD by summarizing the involved risk factors/targets and the underlying biological mechanisms shared by these two disorders with a particular focus on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, APOlipoprotein E (APOE), aging, neuroinflammation and cellular pathways associated with the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)/Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathologies. Finally, the involvement of ophthalmological manifestations, including vitreo-retinal abnormalities and visual deficits, in both COVID-19 and AD are also discussed. Understanding the common physiopathological aspects linking COVID-19 and AD will pave the way to novel management and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches to cope with them in the post-pandemic future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Latina
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Chen MH, Liu XZ, Qu XW, Guo RB, Zhang L, Kong L, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zang J, Li XY, Li XT. ApoE-modified liposomes encapsulating resveratrol and salidroside alleviate manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS-1 mice. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:559-571. [PMID: 37649422 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2252062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is associated with aging and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Several studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that resveratrol (Res) and salidroside (Sal) are not only biologically safe but also influence AD biomarker trajectories. However, their clinical applications have been quite limited due to poor specificity, low solubility, and insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Therefore, we developed a nano-drug delivery system in which Res and Sal were encapsulated in liposomes, which were surface-modified with ApoE (ApoE-Res/Sal-Lips) to compensate for these deficiencies. METHOD In this study, ApoE-Res/Sal-Lips were prepared using a standard thin-film hydration method for liposomes. Then, cellular uptake of the loaded liposomes was assessed in vitro using fluorescent staining assays. A BBB model was constructed to investigate the capacity of the liposomes to cross the BBB in vitro, and the ability of liposomes to target the brain was observed by in vivo imaging. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of the different liposome formulations in APP/PS-1 mice were evaluated by measuring the changes in levels of oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic factors in the mice brains. RESULTS In vitro, ApoE-Res/Sal-Lips increased the uptake of Res and Sal by bEnd.3 and N2a cells, enhanced BBB penetration, and improved transport efficiency. In vivo, the ApoE-Res/Sal-Lips were found to alleviate AD pathological symptoms, reduce learning and memory impairments, and improve brain function. CONCLUSION ApoE-Res/Sal-Lips provide a new method for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ze Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Wu Qu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Bo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
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7
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Sinclair LI, Ball HA, Bolea-Alamanac BM. Does depression in mid-life predispose to greater cognitive decline in later life in the Whitehall II cohort? J Affect Disord 2023; 335:111-119. [PMID: 37172658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Later-life depression appears to have different symptomatology and possibly underlying pathology to younger adults. Depression is linked to dementia but whether it is a risk factor or an early sign of dementia remains unclear. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognised in both conditions. AIMS To investigate the link between depression, inflammation and dementia. We hypothesised that recurrent depression increases the rate of cognitive decline in older adults and that this effect is modified by anti-inflammatory medication. METHODS We used data from Whitehall II including cognitive test results and reliable measures to assess depression. Depression was defined as a self-reported diagnosis or a score of ≥20 on the CESD. The presence/absence of inflammatory illness was assessed using a standardised list of inflammatory conditions. Individuals with dementia, chronic neurological and psychotic conditions were excluded. Logistic and linear regression was used to examine the effect of depression on cognitive test performance and the effect of chronic inflammation. LIMITATIONS Lack of clinical diagnoses of depression. RESULTS There were 1063 individuals with and 2572 without depression. Depression did not affect deterioration in episodic memory, verbal fluency or the AH4 test at 15-year follow up. We found no evidence of an effect of anti-inflammatory medication. Depressed individuals had worse cross-sectional performance on the Mill Hill test and tests of abstract reasoning and verbal fluency at both baseline and 15-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Using a UK based study with a long follow-up interval we have shown that depression in individuals aged >50 is not associated with increased cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Isla Sinclair
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Harriet Ann Ball
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Xiong L, Wang Z. BMP9 ameliorates amyloid pathology by promoting low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137159. [PMID: 36858307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Our previous study revealed that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) could ameliorate the amyloid pathology and cognitive impairments in a transgenic model of AD. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of BMP9 against amyloid pathology remain unknown. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays an essential role in the clearance of amyloid beta. Here, we demonstrated that intranasal BMP9 significantly enhanced the expression of LRP1 in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, silencing LRP1 significantly promoted the amyloid plaques accumulation and facilitated the neuroinflammation in the brains of BMP9-treated APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, silencing LRP1 significantly impaired the learning and memory functions of BMP9-treated APP/PS1 mice. Our results suggest that BMP9 ameliorate the amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice by promoting the expression of LRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiong
- Department of Anesthesia, Tinglin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zigao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang L, He CH, Coffey S, Yin D, Hsu IU, Su C, Ye Y, Zhang C, Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Gopal PP, Hafler DA, Zhao H, Strittmatter SM. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Alzheimer's disease middle temporal gyrus reveals region, cell type and sex specificity of gene expression with novel genetic risk for MERTK in female. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.18.23286037. [PMID: 36865305 PMCID: PMC9980267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.23286037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, is closely associated with both amyloid-ß plaque and neuroinflammation. Two thirds of Alzheimer's disease patients are females and they have a higher disease risk. Moreover, women with Alzheimer's disease have more extensive brain histological changes than men along with more severe cognitive symptoms and neurodegeneration. To identify how sex difference induces structural brain changes, we performed unbiased massively parallel single nucleus RNA sequencing on Alzheimer's disease and control brains focusing on the middle temporal gyrus, a brain region strongly affected by the disease but not previously studied with these methods. We identified a subpopulation of selectively vulnerable layer 2/3 excitatory neurons that that were RORB-negative and CDH9-expressing. This vulnerability differs from that reported for other brain regions, but there was no detectable difference between male and female patterns in middle temporal gyrus samples. Disease-associated, but sex-independent, reactive astrocyte signatures were also present. In clear contrast, the microglia signatures of diseased brains differed between males and females. Combining single cell transcriptomic data with results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified MERTK genetic variation as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease selectively in females. Taken together, our single cell dataset revealed a unique cellular-level view of sex-specific transcriptional changes in Alzheimer's disease, illuminating GWAS identification of sex-specific Alzheimer's risk genes. These data serve as a rich resource for interrogation of the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Ren Q, Chen H, Chen Y, Song Z, Ouyang S, Lian S, Tao J, Song Y, Zhao P. Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework Modulates Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4947-4958. [PMID: 36651694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to Cu2+-triggered aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression in the brain is an important hallmark of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The ideal modulator for improving the oxidative stress microenvironment in AD brains should take both Cu2+ and ROS into consideration, which has been rarely reported. Here, a combined therapeutic strategy was achieved by co-encapsulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which were modified with peptide KLVFF (T5). The nanocomposite SC@COF-T5 exhibited an oxidative stress eradicating ability through ROS elimination and Cu2+ chelation, combined with the inhibition of Aβ42 monomer aggregation and disaggregation of Aβ42 fibrils. In vivo experiments indicated that SC@COF-T5 with a high blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration efficiency was effective to reduce Aβ deposition, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS levels, and neurologic damage in AD model mice, consequently rescuing memory deficits of AD mice. This work not only confirms the feasibility and merits of the therapeutic strategy regarding multiple targets for treatment of early AD pathogenesis but also opens up a novel direction for imine-linked COFs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Zibin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Sixue Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Shengsen Lian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Xiao QH, Sun XH, Cui ZQ, Hu XY, Yang T, Guan JW, Gu Y, Li HY, Zhang HY. TMEM16F may be a new therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:643-651. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Wang C, Zong S, Cui X, Wang X, Wu S, Wang L, Liu Y, Lu Z. The effects of microglia-associated neuroinflammation on Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117172. [PMID: 36911732 PMCID: PMC9992739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined as a severe chronic degenerative neurological disease in human. The pathogenic mechanism of AD has been convincingly elucidated by the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" with the main focus of the pathological accretion of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides outside the cell. However, increasing evidence suggests that this hypothesis is weak in explaining the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is crucial in the development of AD, which is proven by the elevated levels of inflammatory markers and the identification of AD risk genes relevant to the innate immune function. Here, we summarize the effects of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation on AD, focusing on the temporal and spatial changes in microglial phenotype, the interactions among microglia, Aβ, tau, and neurons, and the prospects and recent advances in neuroinflammation as a diagnostic and therapeutic target of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Gao Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Chang C, Gao X, Yang G. Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin Attenuates Aβ1-42-Mediated Neurotoxicity by Preventing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulating Microglial Polarization via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1802-1811. [PMID: 36214996 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-mediated microglial polarization and chronic neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The previous study has shown that cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibited inflammatory cytokines release by downregulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in AD models. However, it is not clear whether CEGI can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulate the polarization of microglia in AD and whether its effects rely on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the present study, we found that CEGI attenuated amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42-induced apoptosis, increased Aβ degrading enzymes (insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin), and promoted the clearance of Aβ1-42 in BV2 cells. CEGI also restrained the expression of NLRP3 and M1 microglial marker (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and elevated the expression of M2 microglial markers (arginase-1 and CD206). Meanwhile, knockdown of TLR4 with small interfering RNA proved that TLR4/NF-κB signaling was involved in the effects of CEGI. Furthermore, the roles of CEGI in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization, and increasing Aβ degrading enzyme expression were further validated in vivo using APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, CEGI promotes Aβ degradation and protects microglia against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulating M1/M2 polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Jiang Z, Tian L, Tang L, Zhou A, Dong T. Bioinformatics-Based Approach for Exploring the Immune Cell Infiltration Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Determining the Intervention Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221115563. [PMID: 35898725 PMCID: PMC9310246 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221115563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds have recently garnered attention for the regulation of immune cell infiltration and the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) has potential in this regard; however, its specific molecular mechanism currently remains unclear. Therefore, we adopted a bioinformatics approach to investigate the infiltration patterns of different types of immune cells in AD and explored the molecular mechanism of LDP intervention, with the aim of providing a new basis for improving the clinical immunotherapy of AD patients. We found that M1 macrophages showed significantly different degrees of infiltration between the hippocampal tissue samples of AD patients and healthy individuals. Four immune intersection targets of LDP in the treatment of AD were identified; they were enriched in 206 biological functions and 30 signaling pathways. Quercetin had the best docking effect with the core immune target PRKCB. Our findings suggest that infiltrated immune cells may influence the course of AD and that LDP can regulate immune cell infiltration through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approaches, providing a new research direction regarding AD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenling Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangsheng Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liwei Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lulu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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15
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Sinclair LI, Ball HA, Bauermeister S, Gallacher JEJ, Bolea-Alamanac BM. Recurrent depression has persistent effects on cognition but this does not appear to be mediated by neuroinflammation. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:232-239. [PMID: 35337923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Later-life depression appears to be different to depression in younger adults. The underlying pathology may also differ. Depression is linked to dementia but whether it is a risk factor or an early sign of a developing dementia remains unclear. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognised in both depression and Alzheimer's Disease. AIMS To investigate the link between depression, inflammation and dementia. We hypothesised that recurrent depression has adverse effects on performance in cognitive tests in middle to older age and that this effect is modified by anti-inflammatory medication. METHODS We identified UK based cohort studies which included individuals aged >50, had medical information, results from detailed cognitive testing and had used reliable measures to assess depression. Individuals with recurrent depression had ≥ 2 episodes of depression. Controls had no history of depression. The presence/absence of inflammatory illness was assessed using a standardised list of inflammatory conditions. Individuals with dementia, chronic neurological and psychotic conditions were excluded. Logistic and linear regression were used to examine the effect of depression on cognitive test performance and the mediating effect of chronic inflammation. RESULTS Unexpectedly in both studies there was evidence that those with recurrent depression performed better in some cognitive tasks (e.g Mill Hill vocabulary) but worse in others (e.g. reaction time). In UK Biobank there was no evidence that anti-inflammatories moderated this effect. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional assessment of cognition. CONCLUSIONS Although previous recurrent depression has small effects on cognitive test performance this does not appear to be mediated by chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey I Sinclair
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Harriet A Ball
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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17
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Pi XJ, Zhao QQ, Wang JX, Zhang XL, Yuan D, Hu SS, He YM, Zhang CC, Zhou ZY, Wang T. Saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate cognitive impairment in ageing rats through regulating microglial polarisation and autophagy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1117-1125. [PMID: 34403300 PMCID: PMC8381902 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1961824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Panax japonicus is the dried rhizome of Panax japonicus C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae). Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effect of SPJ on natural ageing of rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 18-month-old were divided into ageing control, ageing treated with SPJ 10 or 30 mg/kg (n = 8). Five-month-old rats were taken as the adult control (n = 8). Rats were fed regular feed or feed containing SPJ for 4 months. Cognitive level was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) test. The mechanisms of SPJ's neuroprotection were evaluated by transmission electron microscope, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS SPJ attenuated ageing-induced cognitive impairment as indicated by elevated number of times crossing the target platform (from 1.63 to 3.5) and longer time spent in the target platform quadrant (from 1.33 to 1.98). Meanwhile, SPJ improved the morphology of microglia and synapse, and activated M2 microglia polarisation including increased hippocampus levels of CD206 (from 0.98 to 1.47) and YM-1 (from 0.67 to 1.1), and enhanced autophagy-related proteins LC3B (from 0.48 to 0.82), Beclin1 (from 0.32 to 0.51), Atg5 (from 0.22 to 0.89) whereas decreased p62 level (from 0.71 to 0.45) of ageing rats. In vitro study also showed that SPJ regulated the microglial polarisation and autophagy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SPJ improved cognitive deficits of ageing rats through attenuating microglial inflammation and enhancing microglial autophagy, which could be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Pi
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhao
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jin-Xin Wang
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xu-Lan Zhang
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Hu
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yu-Min He
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | | | - Zhi-Yong Zhou
- College of Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Garcez ML, Rodrigues MS, Quevedo J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Budni J. Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102581. [PMID: 34685563 PMCID: PMC8533897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is assumed that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition are critical pathogenic processes in AD, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, synaptic degeneration, and dementia. In LOAD, the causes of Aβ accumulation and neuronal loss are not completely clear. Importantly, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption seems to present an essential role in the induction of neuroinflammation and consequent AD development. In addition, we propose that the systemic inflammation triggered by conditions like metabolic diseases or infections are causative factors of BBB disruption, coexistent inflammatory cascade and, ultimately, the neurodegeneration observed in AD. In this regard, the use of anti-inflammatory molecules could be an interesting strategy to treat, delay or even halt AD onset and progression. Herein, we review the inflammatory cascade and underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and revise the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds as emerging therapeutic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, The University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48431-2539
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19
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Zeng H, Qi Y, Zhang Z, Liu C, Peng W, Zhang Y. Nanomaterials toward the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Recent advances and future trends. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Jiang J, Chang X, Nie Y, Shen Y, Liang X, Peng Y, Chang M. Peripheral Administration of a Cell-Penetrating MOTS-c Analogue Enhances Memory and Attenuates Aβ 1-42- or LPS-Induced Memory Impairment through Inhibiting Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1506-1518. [PMID: 33861582 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial derivative peptide reported to be involved in regulating insulin and metabolic homeostasis via the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK agonist AICAR has been reported to improve cognition. Previous reports also pointed out that MOTS-c may be effective as a therapeutic option toward the prevention of the aging processes. Therefore, we investigated the roles of MOTS-c in the memory recognition process. The results showed that central MOTS-c not only enhanced object and location recognition memory formation and consolidation but also ameliorated the memory deficit induced by Aβ1-42 or LPS. The memory-ameliorating effects of MOTS-c could be blocked by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Moreover, MOTS-c treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK but not ERK, JNK, and p38 in the hippocampus. The underlying mechanism of MOTS-c neuroprotection may involve inhibiting the activation of astrocytes and microglia and production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we found that peripheral administration of MOTS-c does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and plays an effect. In order to improve the brain intake of MOTS-c, we screen out (PRR)5, a cell penetrating peptides, as a carrier for MOTS-c into the brain. Then in the NOR task, intranasal or intravenous MP (cell-penetrating MOTS-c analogue) showed good memory performance on memory formation, memory consolidation, and memory impairment. Near-infrared fluorescent experiments showed the real-time biodistribution in brain after intranasal or intravenous infusion of MP. These results suggested that MOTS-c might be a new potential target for treatment of cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - YaoYan Nie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - YuXuan Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - XueYa Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - YaLi Peng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Min Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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21
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Iqubal A, Rahman SO, Ahmed M, Bansal P, Haider MR, Iqubal MK, Najmi AK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Current Quest in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Targeted-Designed-Ligand Based Approach with Preclinical and Clinical Based Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:685-720. [PMID: 33302832 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common and most chronic neurological disorder (NDs) associated with cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles, however, persistence oxidative-nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins along with altered neurotransmitters level are common etiological attributes in its pathogenesis. Rivastigmine, memantine, galantamine, and donepezil are FDA approved drugs for symptomatic management of AD, whereas tacrine has been withdrawn because of hepatotoxic profile. These approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and exhibit poor patient compliance. In the current scenario, the number of published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of naturally occurring bioactive molecules via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neurotransmitter modulatory properties. Despite their potent therapeutic implications, concerns have arisen in context to their efficacy and probable clinical outcome. Thus, to overcome these glitches, many heterocyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds inspired by natural sources have been synthesized and showed improved therapeutic activity. Computational studies (molecular docking) have been used to predict the binding affinity of these natural bioactive as well as synthetic compounds derived from natural sources for the acetylcholine esterase, α/β secretase Nuclear Factor kappa- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other neurological targets. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the molecular etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of natural products, chemical and pharmacological aspects and multi-targeted designed ligands (MTDLs) of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules derived from the natural sources along with some important on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musheer Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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22
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Pan XJ, Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L. Mitophagy pathways and Alzheimer's disease: From pathogenesis to treatment. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:37-47. [PMID: 33872797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent, incurable mental illness that is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau fragments (p-tau). Detailed studies on postmortem AD brains, cell lines, and mouse models of AD have shown that numerous cellular alterations, including mitochondrial deficits, synaptic disruption and glial/astrocytic activation, are involved in the disease process. Mitophagy is a cellular process by which damaged/weakened mitochondria are selectively eliminated from the cell. In AD, impairments in mitophagy trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. This review will focus on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathological role of mitophagy and its implications for AD pathogenesis. We will also discuss the novel concept of the regulation of mitophagy as a therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ji Pan
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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Mooko T, Bala A, Tripathy S, Kumar CS, Mahadevappa CP, Chaudhary SK, Matsabisa MG. Cannabis Sativa L. Flower and Bud Extracts inhibited In vitro Cholinesterases and b-Secretase Enzymes Activities: Possible Mechanisms of Cannabis use in Alzheimer Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:297-309. [PMID: 33618651 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210222124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are anecdotal claims on the use of Cannabis sativa L. in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but there is lack of scientific data to support the efficacy and safety of Cannabis sativa L. for Alzheimer's disease. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. on the cholinesterases and β-secretase enzyme activity as one of the possible mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The phytochemical and heavy metal contents were analysed. The extracts were screened for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase activity. Cytotoxicity of extracts was performed in normal vero and pre-adipocytes cell lines. The extracts were characterized using high performance thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for their chemical fingerprints. Alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides were present amongst the tested phytochemicals. Cannabidiol concentrations were comparatively high in the hexane and dichloromethane than in dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol extracts. RESULTS Hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed a better inhibitory potential towards cholinesterase activity, while water, hexane, dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol showed an inhibitory potential towards β-secretase enzyme activity. All extracts showed no cytotoxic effect on pre-adipocytes and vero cells after 24- and 48-hours of exposure. CONCLUSION Therefore, this may explain the mechanism through which AD symptoms may be treated and managed by Cannabis sativa L. extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teboho Mooko
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Chethan S Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Chandrashekara P Mahadevappa
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Indigenous Knowledge System Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa
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The Impact of Air Pollution on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:69-78. [PMID: 33009291 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of industrialization in human society, ambient pollutants are becoming more harmful to human health. Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that a close relationship exists between particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). To further confirm the relationship, we focus on possible relevant mechanisms of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation underlying the association between PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases in the review. METHODS A literature search was performed on the studies about PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases via PubMed. A total of 113 articles published were selected, and 31 studies were included. RESULTS PM2.5 can enter the central nervous system through 2 main pathways, the blood-brain barrier and olfactory neurons. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress are 2 primary mechanisms via which PM2.5 leads to toxicity in the brain. PM2.5 abnormally activates microglia, inducing the neuroinflammatory process. Inflammatory markers such as IL-1β play an essential role in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. Moreover, the association between lipid mechanism disorders related to PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases has been gaining momentum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PM2.5 could significantly increase the risk of neurological disorders, such as AD and PD. Furthermore, any policy aimed at reducing air-polluting emissions and increasing air quality would be protective in human beings.
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Liu P, Jia X, Chen Y, Yu Y, Zhang K, Lin Y, Wang B, Peng G. Gut microbiota interacts with intrinsic brain activity of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:163-173. [PMID: 32929861 PMCID: PMC7816203 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the potential relationships among gut microbiota (GM), local brain spontaneous activity, and neuropsychological characteristics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. METHODS Twenty aMCI and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited. The GM composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated across different frequencies. The Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and cognitive function, and GM composition. RESULTS aMCI patients had altered GM state and local spontaneous brain activity as compared with HC subjects. Correlation analysis showed that aMCI and HC groups had different "GM-intrinsic brain activity interaction" patterns. In aMCI group, at the typical band (0.01-0.08 Hz), the relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroides from phylum to genus level was negatively correlated with fALFF value of cerebellar vermis IV-V, and the Ruminococcaceae RA was negatively correlated with fALFF values of left lenticular nucleus and pallidum. The Clostridiaceae RA and Blautia RA were positively correlated with the left cerebellum lobules IV-V at the slow-4 band (0.027-0.073 Hz). The Veillonellaceae RA was positively correlated with fALFF values of left precentral gyrus at the slow-5 band (0.073-0.08 Hz). Correlation analysis showed that Clostridium members (Lachnospiraceae and Blautia) were positively, while Veillonellaceae was negatively, correlated with cognition test. Bacteroides was positively correlated with attention and computation, and negatively correlated with the three-stage command score. CONCLUSIONS aMCI patients have a specific GM-intrinsic brain activity-cognitive function interaction pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xi‐Ze Jia
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Jie Lin
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bao‐Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Ping Peng
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Long QH, Wu YG, He LL, Ding L, Tan AH, Shi HY, Wang P. Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction ameliorates synaptic plasticity through inhibition of the Aβ deposition and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD model of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Chin Med 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33478552 PMCID: PMC7818567 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction (SZRD) has been widely used to treat neurological illnesses, including dementia, insomnia and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying SZRD’s improvement in cognitive function remain unclear. In this study, we examined SZRD’s effect on APP/PS1 transgenic mice and mechanisms associated with SZRD’s action in alleviating neuroinflammation and improving synaptic plasticity. Methods
The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of SZRD (12.96 and 25.92 g/kg/day, in L-SZRD and H-SZRD groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze was conducted to determine changes in behaviors of the mice after the treatment. Meanwhile, in the samples of the hippocampus, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to detect synaptic plasticity. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels of Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 in the hippocampus of mice. Western blot (WB) was employed to test the protein expression level of Aβ1−42, APP, ADAM10, BACE1, PS1, IDE, IBA1, GFAP, PSD95 and SYN, as well as the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and their phosphorylation patterns to detect the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Besides, we examined the serum and hippocampal contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α through ELISA. Results Compared to the APP/PS1 mice without any treatment, SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment of the APP/PS1 mice with decreases in the loss of neurons and Aβ plaque deposition as well as improvement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Also, SZRD, in particular, the L-SZRD markedly inhibited the serum and hippocampal concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, while reducing the expression of p-JAK2-Tyr1007 and p-STAT3-Tyr705 in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mice (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, may improve the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the neural degeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through inhibiting Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ling He
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Hua Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - He-Yuan Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
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Peng Y, Chen B, Chi L, Zhou Q, Shi Z. Patterns of CSF Inflammatory Markers in Non-demented Older People: A Cluster Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:577685. [PMID: 33132899 PMCID: PMC7573280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.577685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to examine if patterns of CSF inflammatory markers are correlated with global cognition, episodic memory, hippocampal volume, and CSF AD-related pathologies among non-demented older people. Methods We included 217 non-demented older individuals, including 87 subjects with normal cognition (NC) and 130 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. Hierarchical cluster analysis including nine inflammatory markers in CSF [Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), TNF-R1, TNF-R2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, TGF-β3, Interleukin-21 (IL-21), IL-6, and IL-7] was conducted. Results We identified two clusters among non-demented older people based on nine inflammatory markers in CSF. Compared to the first cluster, the second cluster showed significantly higher levels of CSF inflammatory markers (TNF-R1, TNF-R2, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and IL-6). Further, the second cluster was also associated with higher levels of t-tau and p-tau levels in CSF. Conclusion We observed a subgroup of non-demented older people characterized by increased levels of inflammatory markers in CSF. Further, this subgroup showed higher levels of t-tau and p-tau levels in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdi Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yongjia County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yongjia County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenjing Shi
- Department of Intervention, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Weaver DF. Amyloid beta is an early responder cytokine and immunopeptide of the innate immune system. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12100. [PMID: 33163614 PMCID: PMC7606184 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A molecular level conceptualization of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive with many competing hypotheses, particularly via proteopathic and immunopathic mechanisms. However, these need not be competitive. If amyloid beta (Aβ) is regarded as an "early responder cytokine," then proteopathic considerations become encompassed within an overarching hybrid proteopathic-immunopathic mechanism. As argued in this commentary, Aβ is in fact a molecular constituent of the innate immune system. Aβ is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) functioning not only as a killer peptide, but also as a modulatory immunopeptide. Aβ satisfies the definition of a cytokine, exhibiting interdependency with other cytokines. Aβ also satisfies the functional definition of a chemokine, existing within the AMP-chemokine spectrum. Aβ, like conventional cytokines, both binds to and is released by microglial cells. Finally, Aβ interacts with the complement and Toll-like receptor systems analogously to established cytokines. Aβ may thus be regarded as an effector molecule of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F. Weaver
- Department of NeurobiologyKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Yang Y, Zhang L. The effects of caloric restriction and its mimetics in Alzheimer's disease through autophagy pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:1211-1224. [PMID: 32068753 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that commonly occurs among older individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that a low-caloric diet might be a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for slowing or preventing the pathogenesis and progression of AD through the induction of autophagy. Several intracellular pathways have been implicated in caloric restriction (CR)-induced autophagy. In this review, we summarized the efficacy of CR as well as its mimetics (resveratrol, spermidine, aspirin, rapamycin, metformin, and curcumin) in improving cognitive function of rodent models of AD. On the basis of recent in vitro and animal studies, the beneficial effects of CR- or caloric restriction mimetics-induced autophagy in alleviating amyloid burden and tau pathology of AD were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Yang H, Mu W, Wei D, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Gao J, Gong X, Wang H, Wu X, Tao H, Chang J. A Novel Targeted and High-Efficiency Nanosystem for Combinational Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902906. [PMID: 33042734 PMCID: PMC7539195 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and no effective treatment is available yet. Metal-ion-triggered aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and acetylcholine imbalance are reported to be possible factors in AD pathogenesis. Thus, a combination therapy that can not only inhibit and reduce Aβ aggregation but also simultaneously regulate acetylcholine imbalance that can serve as a potential treatment for AD is needed. Here, clioquinol (metal-ion chelating agent) and donepezil (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor) co-encapsulated human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (dcHGT NPs) are designed, which are modified with transcriptional activator protein (TAT) and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1). The GM1 lipid and TAT peptide endow this drug delivery nanosystem with high brain entry efficiency and long-term retention capabilities through intranasal administration. It is found that dcHGT NPs can significantly inhibit and eliminate Aβ aggregation, relieve acetylcholine-related inflammation in microglial cells, and protect primary neurons from Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. The alleviation of Aβ-related inflammation and AChE-inhibited effect further synergistically adjust acetylcholine imbalance. It is further demonstrated that dcHGT NPs reduce Aβ deposition, ameliorate neuron morphological changes, rescue memory deficits, and greatly improve acetylcholine regulation ability in vivo. This multifunctional synergetic nanosystem can be a new candidate to achieve highly efficient combination therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Weihang Mu
- Department of RehabilitationTianjin Children's Hospital238 Longyan Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Daohe Wei
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yue Duan
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jun‐xiao Gao
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐qun Gong
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Han‐jie Wang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐li Wu
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Huaying Tao
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General Hospital154 Anshan Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
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Delabar JM, Ortner M, Simon S, Wijkhuisen A, Feraudet‐Tarisse C, Pegon J, Vidal E, Hirschberg Y, Dubois B, Potier M. Altered age-linked regulation of plasma DYRK1A in elderly cognitive complainers (INSIGHT-preAD study) with high brain amyloid load. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12046. [PMID: 32642550 PMCID: PMC7331462 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An effective therapy has not yet been developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), in part because pathological changes occur years before clinical symptoms manifest. We recently showed that decreased plasma DYRK1A identifies individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, and that aged mice have higher DYRK1A levels. METHODS We assessed DYRK1A in plasma in young/aged controls and in elderly cognitive complainers with low (L) and high (H) brain amyloid load. RESULTS DYRK1A level increases with age in humans. However, plasma from elderly individuals reporting cognitive complaints showed that the H group had the same DYRK1A level as young adults, suggesting that the age-associated DYRK1A increase is blocked in this group. L and H groups had similar levels of clusterin. DISCUSSION These results are reflective of early changes in the brain. These observations suggest that plasma DYRK1A and not clusterin could be used to classify elderly memory complainers for risk for amyloid beta pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Delabar
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICMSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225INSERM UMRS 975ParisFrance
| | - Marion Ortner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Stephanie Simon
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec‐SLaboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyseGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Anne Wijkhuisen
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec‐SLaboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyseGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Cecile Feraudet‐Tarisse
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec‐SLaboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyseGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Jonathan Pegon
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICMSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225INSERM UMRS 975ParisFrance
| | - Emma Vidal
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICMSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225INSERM UMRS 975ParisFrance
| | - Yael Hirschberg
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICMSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225INSERM UMRS 975ParisFrance
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of NeurologyCenter of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN) and National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, AP‐HPInstitute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A)Boulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Claude Potier
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICMSorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225INSERM UMRS 975ParisFrance
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Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Raikwar SP, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Psychological Stress-Induced Immune Response and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clin Ther 2020; 42:974-982. [PMID: 32184013 PMCID: PMC7308186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological stress is a significant health problem in veterans and their family members. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stress lead to the onset, progression, and worsening of several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in veterans and civilians. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neuroinflammatory disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. TBIs and chronic psychological stress cause and accelerate the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms governing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are currently unknown, especially in veterans. The purpose of this review article was to advance the hypothesis that stress and TBI-mediated immune response substantially contribute and accelerate the pathogenesis of AD in veterans and their close family members and civilians. METHODS The information in this article was collected and interpreted from published articles in PubMed between 1985 and 2020 using the key words stress, psychological stress, Afghanistan war, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Iraq War, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), traumatic brain injury, mast cell and stress, stress and neuroimmune response, stress and Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. FINDINGS Chronic psychological stress and brain injury induce the generation and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and phosphorylation of tau in the brain, thereby contributing to AD pathogenesis. Active military personnel and veterans are under enormous psychological stress due to various war-related activities, including TBIs, disabilities, fear, new environmental conditions, lack of normal life activities, insufficient communications, explosions, military-related noise, and health hazards. Brain injury, stress, mast cell, and other immune cell activation can induce headache, migraine, dementia, and upregulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. TBIs, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological stress, pain, glial activation, and dementia in active military personnel, veterans, or their family members can cause AD several years later in their lives. We suggest that there are increasing numbers of veterans with TBIs and stress and that these veterans may develop AD late in life if no appropriate therapeutic intervention is available. IMPLICATIONS Per these published reports, the fact that TBIs and psychological stress can accelerate the pathogenesis of AD should be recognized. Active military personnel, veterans, and their close family members should be evaluated regularly for stress symptoms to prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita A Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Mundagaru R, Girish TK, Vincent B. Cassia tora extract alleviates Aβ 1-42 aggregation processes in vitro and protects against aluminium-induced neurodegeneration in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:1119-1132. [PMID: 32363579 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the ability of Cassia tora extract to produce, in vitro and in vivo, beneficial effects with respect to events occurring during Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Previously characterised methanol extract of C. tora was tested for its ability to lessen Aβ42 aggregation processes in vitro and to alleviate aluminium-induced impairments in vivo in rats. KEY FINDINGS Cassia tora extract prevents the aggregation of monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillary Aβ1-42 in vitro. Moreover, the daily ingestion of 100 and 400 milligrams of the extract per kilogram of body weight for 60 days ameliorates the neurobehavioral and cognitive abilities of aluminium-treated rats in vivo. Importantly, treatments with the extract trigger a significant recovery of antioxidant enzymes function, a diminution of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity, a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and an increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in both the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. Finally, we evidence that the extract is able to ameliorate the aluminium-dependent loss of neuronal integrity in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results reveal that methanol extract of C. tora is able to prevent typical AD-related events and therefore stands as a promising mild and natural anti-AD multitarget compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, Hassan, India
| | - Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, Hassan, India
| | - Ravi Mundagaru
- Pharmacology laboratory, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi, India
| | - Talakatta K Girish
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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Pirzada RH, Javaid N, Choi S. The Roles of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases and in Relevant Advanced Therapeutic Interventions. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E131. [PMID: 32012695 PMCID: PMC7074480 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes in the cytoplasm that regulate inflammation activation in the innate immune system in response to pathogens and to host self-derived molecules. Recent advances greatly improved our understanding of the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes at the molecular level. The NLRP3 belongs to the subfamily of NLRP which activates caspase 1, thus causing the production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β and interleukin 18) and pyroptosis. This inflammasome is involved in multiple neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gout. Therefore, therapeutic targeting to the NLRP3 inflammasome complex is a promising way to treat these diseases. Recent research advances paved the way toward drug research and development using a variety of machine learning-based and artificial intelligence-based approaches. These state-of-the-art approaches will lead to the discovery of better drugs after the training of such a system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (R.H.P.); (N.J.)
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