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Allem JP, Rodriguez V, Pattarroyo M, Ramirez CM, Beard TA, Soto D, Donaldson SI, Unger JB. Spanish-Language Tobacco-Related Posts on Twitter: Content Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:759-763. [PMID: 37942524 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twitter data have been used to surveil public sentiment about tobacco products; however, most tobacco-related Twitter research has been conducted with English-language posts. There is a gap in the literature on tobacco-related discussions on Twitter in languages other than English. This study summarized tobacco-related discussions in Spanish on Twitter. METHODS A set of Spanish terms reflecting electronic cigarettes (eg, "cigarillos electrónicos"), cigarettes (eg, "pitillo"), and cigars (eg, "cigaro") were identified. A content analysis of tweets (n = 1352) drawn from 2021 was performed to examine themes and sentiment. An initial codebook was developed in English then translated to Spanish and then translated back to English by a bilingual (Spanish and English) member of the research team. Two bilingual members of the research team coded the tweets into themes and sentiment. RESULTS Themes in the tweets included (1) product promotion (n = 168, 12.4%), (2) health warnings (n = 161, 11.9%), (3) tobacco use (n = 136, 10.1%), (4) health benefits of vaping (n = 58, 4.3%), (5) cannabis use (n = 50, 3.7%), (6) cessation (n = 47, 3.5%), (7) addiction (n = 33, 2.4%), (8) policy (n = 27, 2.0%), and (9) polysubstance use (n = 12, 0.9%). Neutral (n = 955, 70.6%) was the most common category of sentiment observed in the data. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco products are discussed in multiple languages on Twitter and can be summarized by bilingual research teams. Future research should determine if Spanish-speaking individuals are frequently exposed to pro-tobacco content on social media and if such exposure increases susceptibility to use tobacco among never users or sustained use among current users. IMPLICATIONS Spanish-language pro-tobacco content exists on Twitter, which has implications for Spanish-speaking individuals who may be exposed to this content. Spanish-language pro-tobacco-related posts may help normalize tobacco use among Spanish-speaking populations. As a result, anti-tobacco tweets in Spanish may be necessary to counter areas of the online environment that can be considered pro-tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Patrick Allem
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Rodriguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica Pattarroyo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla M Ramirez
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Trista A Beard
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott I Donaldson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Donaldson SI, Dormanesh A, Majmundar A, Pérez C, Lopez H, Saghian M, Beard TA, Unger JB, Allem JP. Examining the Peer-Reviewed Literature on Tobacco-Related Social Media Data: Scoping Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:413-420. [PMID: 37795944 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco researchers have used social media data to examine tobacco industry marketing practices (eg, influencers), and to document user experience with tobacco products. This study summarized the literature that analyzed tobacco-related social media data, including domain, social media platform, tobacco product type, and themes of findings, among other variables. AIMS AND METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Communication Source were searched between 2004 and 2022. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they were written in English, included at least one tobacco-related term, and one social media-related term, and analyzed a social media post. Two coders screened all-titles and abstracts. The final sample consisted of (n = 255) articles. Studies were coded for domain, social media platform, tobacco product type, data source, type of data, coding and analytic method, and presence of validation procedure, among other variables. RESULTS A total of 10 504 820 581 tobacco-related social media posts were assessed across 255 studies. User experience (54.1%) and promotion (23.1%) were the most researched domains. Researchers used data from Twitter the most (42.7%). Text (43.1%) was the most common type of data analyzed. Thematic analysis (80.8%) was the most common analytic technique. Themes of findings from content analyses often pertained to the health effects of tobacco use (61.0%) and promotion (44.2%). CONCLUSIONS Researchers have analyzed billions of tobacco-related social media posts to describe user experience with, and promotions related to, tobacco products like e-cigarettes on platforms like Twitter. Future research may examine tobacco-related social media data from newer platforms like TikTok. IMPLICATIONS Real-time surveillance of tobacco-related content on social media can keep the tobacco control community abreast of tobacco industry promotional strategies, user experience with tobacco products, and perceived health effects of tobacco use. A framework may be developed to establish best-practices for social media data collection and analysis, including strategies to identify posts from bot accounts and validate methodological approaches used in thematic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott I Donaldson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Dormanesh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anuja Majmundar
- Tobacco Control Research, Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Inc., Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cindy Pérez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather Lopez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan Saghian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trista A Beard
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jon-Patrick Allem
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lee S, Xie Z, Xu E, Shao Y, Ossip DJ, Li D. Public perceptions of the FDA's marketing authorization of Vuse on Twitter/X. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280658. [PMID: 38026290 PMCID: PMC10654997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction On October 12, 2021, the FDA issued its first marketing granted orders for Vuse, the e-cigarette product by R.J. Reynolds Vapor Company. The public perceptions and reactions to the FDA's Vuse authorization are prevalent on social media platforms such as Twitter/X. We aim to understand public perceptions of the FDA's Vuse authorization in the US using Twitter/X data. Methods Through the Twitter/X streaming API (Application Programming Interface), 3,852 tweets between October 12, 2021, and October 23, 2021, were downloaded using the keyword of Vuse. With the elimination of retweets, irrelevant tweets, and tweets from other countries, the final dataset consisted of 523 relevant tweets from the US. Based on their attitudes toward the FDA authorization on Vuse, these tweets were coded into three major categories: positive, negative, and neutral. These tweets were further manually classified into different categories based on their contents. Results There was a large peak on Twitter/X mentioning FDA's Vuse authorization on October 13, 2021, just after the authorization was announced. Of the 523 US tweets related to FDA's Vuse authorization, 6.12% (n=32) were positive, 26.77% (n=140) were negative, and 67.11% (n=351) were neutral. In positive tweets, the dominant subcategory was Cessation Claims (n=18, 56.25%). In negative tweets, the topics Health Risk (n=43, 30.71%), Criticize Authorization (n=42, 30.00%), and Big Tobacco (n=40, 38.57%) were the major topics. News (n=271, 77.21%) was the most prevalent topic among neutral tweets. In addition, tweets with a positive attitude tend to have more likes. Discussion Public perceptions and discussions on Twitter/X regarding the FDA's Vuse authorization in the US showed that Twitter/X users were more likely to show a negative than a positive attitude with a major concern about health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lee
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Emily Xu
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Majmundar A, Xue Z, Asare S, Nargis N. Trends in public interest in shopping and point-of-sales of JUUL and Puff Bar 2019-2021. Tob Control 2023; 32:e236-e242. [PMID: 35551100 PMCID: PMC10423519 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated public interest in shopping and point-of-sales (POS) of JUUL and Puff Bar products in the context of five regulatory, company sales policy and other events of interest that may have influenced the trajectory of these products during 2019-2021. METHODS Outcome variables included relative search volume (RSV) from Google search queries indicative of shopping interest in and aggregate dollar sales from Nielsen POS for JUUL and Puff Bar in the USA from March 2019 to May 2021. Adjusted autoregressive integrated moving average assessed the observed and predicted trends and adjusted linear regression analysis measured the relative rate of change in the outcome variables for each time period of interest. RESULTS After the Trump administration announced its plans to ban flavoured e-cigarettes and JUUL Labs, Inc.'s decided to suspend the sales of its sweet and fruity flavoured products, JUUL's shopping interest RSV and sales declined while Puff Bar's shopping interest RSV peaked, and its sales increased. From the period following FDA's announcement of its enforcement guidance policy on unauthorised flavoured cartridge-based e-cigarettes until May 2021, JUUL's shopping interest RSV and sales continued to decline. Puff Bar's shopping interest RSV increased, and its sales peaked until the House approved the flavoured e-cigarette ban bill. Puff Bar's sales steeply declined following suspension of its sales in February 2020. The decline, however, slowed after Puff Bar products were relaunched as 'synthetic nicotine' e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Puff Bar's unprecedented peak in the shopping interest and sales of Puff Bar warrants continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Majmundar
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, Tobacco Control, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Xue
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, Tobacco Control, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel Asare
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, Tobacco Control, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Nigar Nargis
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, Tobacco Control, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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Kandhola A, Daher N, Williams T, Lopez D, Tan LD, Alismail A. Measurement and changes of exhaled nitric oxide fraction while vaping with a brief education intervention session. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00327-2022. [PMID: 36891076 PMCID: PMC9986755 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00327-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief, 15-min education intervention session might be helpful to highlight the dangers of vaping and aid in cessation. In addition, post-washout period (15 min), F ENO levels increased significantly. https://bit.ly/3Xu4X5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kandhola
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Noha Daher
- Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Williams
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David Lopez
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Laren D Tan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah Alismail
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Davis DR, Bold KW, Camenga D, Kong G, Jackson A, Lee J, Rajesh-Kumar L, Krishnan-Sarin S, Morean ME. Use and Product Characteristics of "Tobacco Free Nicotine" E-Cigarettes Among Young Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:379-385. [PMID: 35913677 PMCID: PMC9910142 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes are increasingly being marketed as containing tobacco-free nicotine (TFN). There is no data examining use of TFN e-cigarettes by young adults and how use may differ from non-TFN e-cigarettes. The current study aims to characterize young adult TFN e-cigarette use and examine differences between those who report using TFN and non-TFN e-cigarettes. METHOD U.S. young adults (18-25) with lifetime e-cigarette use (n = 927) were recruited via online panels in Fall 2021 and answered questions about TFN and non-TFN e-cigarettes. Participants were categorized by lifetime TFN e-cigarette use status (yes vs. no; 34% yes). Bivariate comparisons examined differences in e-cigarette characteristics (device type, flavors, nicotine concentration) between the TFN and non-TFN groups. Binary logistic regression models examined associations between lifetime frequency of vaping (<100 vs. ≥100 times), and other tobacco product, cannabis, and/or alcohol use and lifetime TFN e-cigarette use (yes vs. no). Adjusted models include age, race/ethnicity, vaping onset age, and sex. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, lifetime TFN e-cigarette use was associated with younger age, greater lifetime vaping, and nicotine pouch use. Young adults who used TFN e-cigarettes were more likely to report fruit, mint, menthol, and beverage flavors and know their e-liquid nicotine concentration compared with those who used non-TFN e-cigarettes. CONCLUSION Among young adults who have used e-cigarettes, more frequent e-cigarette use and use of nicotine pouches, which can also contain TFN, were associated with TFN e-cigarette use. Understanding behaviors and characteristics of those using TFN e-cigarettes is critical to regulation of TFN containing products. IMPLICATIONS This study characterizes young adults who report experience with tobacco free nicotine (TFN) e-cigarettes and compares them to those who have not used TFN e-cigarettes. Young adults with more frequent e-cigarette use and use of nicotine pouches are more likely to report TFN e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Davis
- Corresponding Author: Danielle R. Davis, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Telephone: 203-974-7607; E-mail:
| | - Krysten W Bold
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deepa Camenga
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Meghan E Morean
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Stanton CA, Pasch KE, Pericot-Valverde I, Cruz-Cano R, Moran MB, Abadi MH, Mays D, Mercincavage M, Tang Z, Chen-Sankey J. Longitudinal associations between U.S. youth exposure to E-cigarette marketing and E-cigarette use harm perception and behavior change. Prev Med 2022; 164:107266. [PMID: 36152822 PMCID: PMC9691545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette marketing tactics to reach and appeal to youth are rapidly changing. This study examined to what extent youth e-cigarette marketing exposure was associated with e-cigarette use behavior change one year later, during a time when youth e-cigarette use was starting to surge in the U.S. Using nationally representative longitudinal public-use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we examined associations between recalled e-cigarette marketing exposure (2016-2018) at Wave (W) 4 and e-cigarette use harm perception and behavior change (ever, current, and regular use) one year later (W4.5; 2017-2018) among W4 never tobacco users (n = 9405). Recall of exposure to e-cigarette marketing through different channels was also examined in multivariable models controlling for socio-demographic factors and established e-cigarette use risk factors. Results show that the most frequently recalled channels of e-cigarette marketing exposure were retail stores (50.3%), television (22.2%), and websites/social media (20.2%). Over one year, 21.2%, 7.8%, 3.4%, and 1.2% of respondents reported reduced harm perceptions, and ever, current, and regular use of e-cigarettes, respectively, at follow-up. Recalled exposure to e-cigarette marketing was associated with reduced e-cigarette harm perception (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05-1.37) and ever (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.01-1.56) and current use (AOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.02-1.92) at follow-up. E-cigarette marketing exposure through websites/social media was associated with reduced harm perceptions and all stages of e-cigarette use change, including regular use. Identifying marketing techniques and channels that change youth e-cigarette harm perceptions and influence e-cigarette use progression is essential to inform e-cigarette regulatory policies and prevention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Stanton
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Keryn E Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education at the University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Irene Pericot-Valverde
- College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Raul Cruz-Cano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Meghan B Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Melissa H Abadi
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Darren Mays
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Melissa Mercincavage
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhiqun Tang
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America; School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
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Chen-Sankey J, Elhabashy M, Gratale S, Geller J, Mercincavage M, Strasser AA, Delnevo CD, Jeong M, Wackowski OA. Examining Visual Attention to Tobacco Marketing Materials among Young Adult Smokers: A Protocol for a Remote Webcam-based Eye-Tracking Experiment (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 12:e43512. [PMID: 37052989 PMCID: PMC10141307 DOI: 10.2196/43512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye tracking provides an objective way to measure attention, which can advance researchers' and policy makers' understanding of tobacco marketing influences. The development of remote webcam-based eye-tracking technology, integrated with web-based crowdsourcing studies, may be a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to laboratory-based eye-tracking methods. However, research is needed to evaluate the utility of remote eye-tracking methods. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detail the process of designing a remote webcam-based eye-tracking experiment and provide data on associations between participant characteristics and the outcomes of experiment completion. METHODS A total of 2023 young adult (aged 18-34 years) cigarette smokers in the United States were recruited to complete a web-based survey that included a 90-second remote eye-tracking experiment that examined attention to e-cigarette marketing materials. Primary outcome measures assessed the completion of the remote eye-tracking experiment-specifically, experiment initiated versus not initiated, experiment completed versus not completed, and usable versus nonusable eye-tracking data generated. Multivariable logistic regressions examined the associations between outcome measures and participants' sociodemographic backgrounds, tobacco use history, and electronic devices (mobile vs desktop) used during the experiment. RESULTS Study recruitment began on April 14, 2022, and ended on May 3, 2022. Of the 2023 survey participants, 1887 (93.28%) initiated the experiment, and 777 (38.41%) completed the experiment. Of the 777 participants who completed the experiment, 381 (49%) generated usable data. Results from the full regression models show that non-Hispanic Black participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.91) were less likely to complete the eye-tracking experiment than non-Hispanic White participants. In addition, female (vs male) participants (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01-2.11), those currently using (vs not using) e-cigarettes (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.13-3.82), and those who used mobile (vs desktop) devices (AOR 5.10, 95% CI 3.05-8.52) were more likely to generate usable eye-tracking data. CONCLUSIONS Young adult participants were willing to try remote eye-tracking technology, and nearly half of those who completed the experiment generated usable eye-tracking data (381/777, 49%). Thus, we believe that the use of remote eye-tracking tools, integrated with crowdsourcing recruitment, can be a useful approach for the tobacco regulatory science research community to collect high-quality, large-scale eye-tracking data in a timely fashion and thereby address research questions related to the ever-evolving tobacco marketing landscape. It would be useful to investigate techniques to enhance completion rates and data usability. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/43512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Maryam Elhabashy
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Stefanie Gratale
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jason Geller
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | | | - Andrew A Strasser
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NJ, United States
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michelle Jeong
- Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Galimov A, Vassey J, Galstyan E, Unger JB, Kirkpatrick MG, Allem JP. 'Ice' flavor-related discussions on Twitter: a content analysis (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e41785. [DOI: 10.2196/41785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gaber J, Gammon DG, Lee YO, Nonnemaker J, Young B, Kim A, Porter L. JUUL's 2019 Removal of Mint-Flavored Pods and Changes to the Retail Environment of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Florida and the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1748-1755. [PMID: 35569072 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase in youth electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use coincided with JUUL's rapid rise, which prompted investigations and lawsuits aimed at this leading brand. In response, JUUL discontinued sweet flavors in late 2018, followed by mint flavors in November 2019. We assessed ENDS sales and prices at both the state and national level before and after JUUL's removal of mint flavors. METHODS Nielsen retail sales data on ENDS products from convenience and food stores in 4-week aggregates were analyzed between January 2019 and January 2020 in Florida and the United States. Standardized units were created. Unit market share and growth rates were calculated for top brands and flavors in the periods before and after JUUL's mint removal. Average prices within brand and product type were calculated. RESULTS Following JUUL's removal of mint in November 2019, JUUL's market share dropped from over 66% in Florida and the United States to 37.1% (Florida) and 55.1% (United States). In January 2020, the second leading brands were Puff Bar (15.0%) in Florida and Vuse (18.1%) in the United States. Mint market share decreased and share of all other flavor categories increased, particularly menthol and concept. Total ENDS sales increased in Florida but decreased in the United States. Average prices of ENDS devices decreased. CONCLUSIONS While JUUL's actions led to a decline in its sales, Puff Bar emerged and menthol and concept flavors experienced growth. Findings also demonstrate how changes by influential brands differentially affect purchase patterns at the national and state level. IMPLICATIONS These findings support the growing body of evidence that tobacco industry self-regulation, with selective flavor removal by the leading ENDS brand in this case, is insufficient to reduce total ENDS sales, including sales of flavored products which are preferred by youth. Results suggest that brand and flavor substitution compensated for the removal of mint JUUL pods. Understanding changes to the ENDS market in response to industry actions, at both the state and national level, can inform future regulation and interventions. These findings can also inform efforts to prevent and reduce youth ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gaber
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
| | - Doris G Gammon
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
| | - Youn Ok Lee
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
| | - James Nonnemaker
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
| | - Brittany Young
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
| | - Annice Kim
- RTI International, Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy
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Harm perceptions, JUUL dependence, and other tobacco product use among young adults who use JUUL. Addict Behav 2022; 127:107210. [PMID: 34959076 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study identified groups of JUUL using young adults based on their use patterns and compared harm perceptions, JUUL dependence, and other tobacco product use among these groups. METHODS Online cross-sectional survey data were gathered in March 2019 from 667 undergraduate students who used JUUL weekly (50.4% females, average age: 20.3 years) at a southwest U.S. university. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified four groups of young adults who used JUUL: 1) Light Social JUUL Using Young Adults (LS, 52.5%) who used JUUL occasionally with friends when drinking alcohol, 2) Daily Sensation Seekers (DSS, 16.2%) who used JUUL daily with alcohol, 3) Daily Activity Driven JUUL Using Young Adults (DAD, 26.0%) who used JUUL daily while drinking, watching media, or studying, and 4) Daily All Occasion JUUL Using Young Adults (DAO, 5.3%) who used JUUL heavily, daily and in various occasions. While all four groups reported some extent of JUUL dependence, DAO reported the highest dependence and were more likely than LS to have used cigarettes and other e-cigarettes besides JUUL. They also tended to believe different pod flavors could cause different types of lung damage while the other groups were unsure/disagreed with this belief. LS were more likely than DSS and DAD to believe that JUUL use indicated openness to new experiences. CONCLUSION Young adults with different JUUL use patterns perceived JUUL harms differently and faced varied risks of JUUL dependence and other tobacco product use. Effective cessation interventions should be adapted to meet the needs of these groups.
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Chu KH, Hershey TB, Hoffman BL, Wolynn R, Colditz JB, Sidani JE, Primack BA. Puff Bars, Tobacco Policy Evasion, and Nicotine Dependence: Content Analysis of Tweets. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e27894. [PMID: 35333188 PMCID: PMC8994141 DOI: 10.2196/27894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puff Bars are e-cigarettes that continued marketing flavored products by exploiting the US Food and Drug Administration exemption for disposable devices. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine discussions related to Puff Bar on Twitter to identify tobacco regulation and policy themes as well as unanticipated outcomes of regulatory loopholes. METHODS Of 8519 original tweets related to Puff Bar collected from July 13, 2020, to August 13, 2020, a random 20% subsample (n=2661) was selected for qualitative coding of topics related to nicotine dependence and tobacco policy. RESULTS Of the human-coded tweets, 2123 (80.2%) were coded as relevant to Puff Bar as the main topic. Of those tweets, 698 (32.9%) discussed tobacco policy, including flavors (n=320, 45.9%), regulations (n=124, 17.8%), purchases (n=117, 16.8%), and other products (n=110, 15.8%). Approximately 22% (n=480) of the tweets referenced dependence, including lack of access (n=273, 56.9%), appetite suppression (n=59, 12.3%), frequent use (n=47, 9.8%), and self-reported dependence (n=110, 22.9%). CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the growing evidence base that the US Food and Drug Administration ban of e-cigarette flavors did not reduce interest, but rather shifted the discussion to brands utilizing a loophole that allowed flavored products to continue to be sold in disposable devices. Until comprehensive tobacco policy legislation is developed, new products or loopholes will continue to supply nicotine demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Hai Chu
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tina B Hershey
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth L Hoffman
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Riley Wolynn
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason B Colditz
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A Primack
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Gao Y, Xie Z, Sun L, Xu C, Li D. Characteristics of and User Engagement With Antivaping Posts on Instagram: Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e29600. [PMID: 34842553 PMCID: PMC8663537 DOI: 10.2196/29600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although government agencies acknowledge that messages about the adverse health effects of e-cigarette use should be promoted on social media, effectively delivering those health messages is challenging. Instagram is one of the most popular social media platforms among US youth and young adults, and it has been used to educate the public about the potential harm of vaping through antivaping posts. OBJECTIVE We aim to analyze the characteristics of and user engagement with antivaping posts on Instagram to inform future message development and information delivery. METHODS A total of 11,322 Instagram posts were collected from November 18, 2019, to January 2, 2020, by using antivaping hashtags including #novape, #novaping, #stopvaping, #dontvape, #antivaping, #quitvaping, #antivape, #stopjuuling, #dontvapeonthepizza, and #escapethevape. Among those posts, 1025 posts were randomly selected and 500 antivaping posts were further identified by hand coding. The image type, image content, and account type of antivaping posts were hand coded, the text information in the caption was explored by topic modeling, and the user engagement of each category was compared. RESULTS Analyses found that antivaping images of the educational/warning type were the most common (253/500; 50.6%). The average likes of the educational/warning type (15 likes/post) were significantly lower than the catchphrase image type (these emphasized a slogan such as "athletesdontvape" in the image; 32.5 likes/post; P<.001). The majority of the antivaping posts contained the image content element text (n=332, 66.4%), followed by the image content element people/person (n=110, 22%). The images containing people/person elements (32.8 likes/post) had more likes than the images containing other elements (13.8-21.1 likes/post). The captions of the antivaping Instagram posts covered topics including "lung health," "teen vaping," "stop vaping," and "vaping death cases." Among the 500 antivaping Instagram posts, while most posts were from the antivaping community (n=177, 35.4%) and personal account types (n=182, 36.4%), the antivaping community account type had the highest average number of posts (1.69 posts/account). However, there was no difference in the number of likes among different account types. CONCLUSIONS Multiple features of antivaping Instagram posts may be related to user engagement and perception. This study identified the critical elements associated with high user engagement, which could be used to design antivaping posts to deliver health-related information more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Gao
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chenliang Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Ricard BJ, Hassanpour S. Deep Learning for Identification of Alcohol-Related Content on Social Media (Reddit and Twitter): Exploratory Analysis of Alcohol-Related Outcomes. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27314. [PMID: 34524095 PMCID: PMC8482254 DOI: 10.2196/27314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many social media studies have explored the ability of thematic structures, such as hashtags and subreddits, to identify information related to a wide variety of mental health disorders. However, studies and models trained on specific themed communities are often difficult to apply to different social media platforms and related outcomes. A deep learning framework using thematic structures from Reddit and Twitter can have distinct advantages for studying alcohol abuse, particularly among the youth in the United States. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a new deep learning pipeline that uses thematic structures to identify alcohol-related content across different platforms. We apply our method on Twitter to determine the association of the prevalence of alcohol-related tweets with alcohol-related outcomes reported from the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, county health rankings, and the National Industry Classification System. METHODS The Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers neural network learned to classify 1,302,524 Reddit posts as either alcohol-related or control subreddits. The trained model identified 24 alcohol-related hashtags from an unlabeled data set of 843,769 random tweets. Querying alcohol-related hashtags identified 25,558,846 alcohol-related tweets, including 790,544 location-specific (geotagged) tweets. We calculated the correlation between the prevalence of alcohol-related tweets and alcohol-related outcomes, controlling for confounding effects of age, sex, income, education, and self-reported race, as recorded by the 2013-2018 American Community Survey. RESULTS Significant associations were observed: between alcohol-hashtagged tweets and alcohol consumption (P=.01) and heavy drinking (P=.005) but not binge drinking (P=.37), self-reported at the metropolitan-micropolitan statistical area level; between alcohol-hashtagged tweets and self-reported excessive drinking behavior (P=.03) but not motor vehicle fatalities involving alcohol (P=.21); between alcohol-hashtagged tweets and the number of breweries (P<.001), wineries (P<.001), and beer, wine, and liquor stores (P<.001) but not drinking places (P=.23), per capita at the US county and county-equivalent level; and between alcohol-hashtagged tweets and all gallons of ethanol consumed (P<.001), as well as ethanol consumed from wine (P<.001) and liquor (P=.01) sources but not beer (P=.63), at the US state level. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a novel natural language processing pipeline developed using Reddit's alcohol-related subreddits that identify highly specific alcohol-related Twitter hashtags. The prevalence of identified hashtags contains interpretable information about alcohol consumption at both coarse (eg, US state) and fine-grained (eg, metropolitan-micropolitan statistical area level and county) geographical designations. This approach can expand research and deep learning interventions on alcohol abuse and other behavioral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Hassanpour
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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