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Tam MT, Wu JM, Zhang CC, Pawliuk C, Robillard JM. A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Media Mental Health Awareness Campaigns on Young People. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:907-920. [PMID: 38468568 PMCID: PMC11370183 DOI: 10.1177/15248399241232646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mental health issues are prevalent among young people. An estimated 10% of children and adolescents worldwide experience a mental disorder, yet most do not seek or receive care. Media mental health awareness campaigns, defined as marketing efforts to raise awareness of mental health issues through mass media, are an effort to address this concern. While previous research has evaluated the outcomes of specific media mental health awareness campaigns, there is limited data synthesizing their overall effects. This study addresses the knowledge gap by reviewing the existing literature on the impact of media mental health awareness campaigns on young people. A search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2004 and 2022 with results specific to people aged 10 to 24. Out of 20,902 total studies identified and screened, 18 studies were included in the review. The following data were extracted from each study: characteristics and descriptions of the campaign, evaluation design and sampling, and summary of impact. The review identified evaluations of 15 campaigns from eight different countries. Outcome evaluation methods commonly comprised of surveys and quantitative data. The campaigns were generally associated with positive changes in the attitudes, beliefs, and intentions of young people (e.g., reduced stigma) and positive changes in behaviors (e.g., increased help-seeking behaviors). The inclusion of few studies in the review indicates a need for ongoing evaluations of media mental health awareness campaigns for young people to inform good practices in their development and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallorie T. Tam
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia M. Wu
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cindy C. Zhang
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen Pawliuk
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie M. Robillard
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Mpofu JJ, Crosby A, Flynn MA, LaFromboise T, Iskander J, Hall JE, Penman-Aguilar A, Thorpe P. Preventing Suicidal Behavior Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents and Young Adults. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:593-601. [PMID: 35856445 PMCID: PMC10291156 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2009 to 2018, overall suicide rates in the United States increased by 20.3% and increased by 43.5% among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. Combining years 2009 through 2018, suicide rates per 100 000 population among non-Hispanic AI/AN adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 34 years were 2 to 4 times higher than those of adolescents and young adults of other races and ethnicities. An estimated 14% to 27% of non-Hispanic AI/AN adolescents attempted suicide during that time. The elevated rates of suicidal behavior among non-Hispanic AI/AN adolescents and young adults reflect inequities in the conditions that create health. In this topical review, we describe school-based educational efforts that are driven by local AI/AN communities, such as the American Indian Life Skills curriculum, that teach stress and coping skills and show promise in reducing suicidal ideation attempts and fatalities among AI/AN adolescents. Using a social-determinants-of-health lens, we review the availability and quality of employment as an important influencer of suicidal behavior, as well as the role of the workplace as an environment for suicide prevention in AI/AN communities. Working with tribal, state, local, and federal colleagues, the public health community can implement programs known to be effective and create additional comprehensive strategies to reduce inequities and ultimately reduce suicide rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonetta J. Mpofu
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alex Crosby
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Preventative Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A. Flynn
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - John Iskander
- US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
- Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Hall
- Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Penman-Aguilar
- Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phoebe Thorpe
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Kasal A, Táborská R, Juríková L, Grabenhofer-Eggerth A, Pichler M, Gruber B, Tomášková H, Niederkrotenthaler T. Facilitators and barriers to implementation of suicide prevention interventions: Scoping review. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e15. [PMID: 37854412 PMCID: PMC10579684 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We know that suicide is preventable, yet hundreds of thousands of people still die due to suicide every year. Many interventions were proven to be effective, and dozens of others showed promising results. However, translating these interventions into new settings brings several challenges. One of the crucial obstacles to success is not anticipating possible barriers to implementation nor enhancing possible benefits of factors facilitating the implementation. While we witnessed great support for suicide prevention activities globally in the past years, implementation barriers and facilitating factors are yet to be comprehensively mapped to help implementation activities worldwide. This scoping review maps current knowledge on facilitators and barriers to the implementation of suicide prevention interventions while using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for classification. We included 64 studies. Barriers and facilitators were most commonly identified in the outer setting CFIR domain, namely in the sub-domain of patient needs and resources, which refers to the way in which these needs and resources are reflected by the reviewed interventions. The second most saturated CFIR domain for facilitators was intervention characteristics, where relative advantage, adaptability and cost of intervention sub-domains were equally represented. These sub-domains refer mostly to how the intervention is perceived by key stakeholders, to what extent it can be tailored to the implementation context and how much it costs. While intervention characteristics domain was the second most common also for barriers, the complexity sub-domain referring to high perceived difficulty of implementation was the most frequently represented. With reference to the results, we recommend adapting interventions to the needs of the target groups. Furthermore, carefully selecting the intervention to suit the target context concerning their adaptability, costs and complexity is vital for a successful implementation. Further implications for practice and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Kasal
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roksana Táborská
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Juríková
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michaela Pichler
- Department of Psychosocial Health, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, Wien, Austria
| | - Beate Gruber
- Department of Psychosocial Health, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, Wien, Austria
| | - Hana Tomášková
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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McTernan N, Ryan F, Williamson E, Chambers D, Arensman E. Using a television programme as a tool to increase perceived awareness of mental health and well-being - findings from ' Our Mental Health' survey. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:19-29. [PMID: 32127073 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International research shows that media can increase knowledge, raise public awareness and reduce stigma relating to mental health. METHODS Following the broadcast of a documentary on national television featuring interviews with young people who had experienced mental health difficulties and suicidal behaviour, an anonymous online survey, aimed at examining public perceptions of the impact of a television documentary, was conducted, using a mixed methods approach. RESULTS 2311 people completed the survey. Of those who watched the documentary and answered the closed questions (n = 854), 94% stated that the documentary will positively impact young people's mental health and well-being. The majority (91%) stated that the documentary will encourage young people to talk to someone if experiencing difficulties and 87% indicated it will help to reduce stigma associated with mental health. Viewers had a 5% higher level of intention to seek help than non-viewers. Participants indicated that the identifiable personal stories and discourse around stigma and shame, and the increased understanding and awareness gained, had the most profound impact on them. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a documentary addressing mental health and suicidal behaviour, which incorporates real life identifiable stories of resilience and recovery, has the potential to impact positively on emotional well-being and general mood, to reduce stigma related to mental health and to encourage help-seeking behaviour. Documentaries including these concepts, with a public mental health focus and a consistent message, incorporating pre- and post-evaluations, and customisation for target audiences in compliance with current media recommendations, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N McTernan
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Ryan
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Williamson
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Chambers
- Health Service Executive, St Finbarr's Hospital, Douglas Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Arensman
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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5
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Leung T, La Sala L, Cooper C, Spittal M, Rice S, Lamblin M, Brown E, Nolan H, Battersby-Coulter R, Rajaram G, Thorn P, Pirkis J, May-Finlay S, Silenzio V, Skehan J, Krysinska K, Bellairs-Walsh I. Testing the Impact of the #chatsafe Intervention on Young People's Ability to Communicate Safely About Suicide on Social Media: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44300. [PMID: 36800220 PMCID: PMC9984994 DOI: 10.2196/44300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the leading cause of death among Australians. One commonly cited explanation is the impact of social media, in particular, the ways in which young people use social media to communicate about their own experiences and their exposure to suicide-related content posted by others. Guidelines designed to assist mainstream media to safely report about suicide are widespread. Until recently, no guidelines existed that targeted social media or young people. In response, we developed the #chatsafe guidelines and a supporting social media campaign, which together make up the #chatsafe intervention. The intervention was tested in a pilot study with positive results. However, the study was limited by the lack of a control group. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the #chatsafe social media intervention on young people's safety and confidence when communicating on the web about suicide. METHODS The study employs a pragmatic, parallel, superiority randomized controlled design. It will be conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement over 18 months. Participants will be 400 young people aged 16-25 years (200 per arm). Participants will be recruited via social media advertising and assessed at 3 time points: time 1-baseline; time 2-8-week postintervention commencement; and time 3-4-week postintervention. They will be asked to complete a weekly survey to monitor safety and evaluate each piece of social media content. The intervention comprises an 8-week social media campaign including social media posts shared on public Instagram profiles. The intervention group will receive the #chatsafe suicide prevention content and the control group will receive sexual health content. Both groups will receive 24 pieces of content delivered to their mobile phones via text message. The primary outcome is safety when communicating on the web about suicide, as measured via the purpose-designed #chatsafe online safety questionnaire. Additional outcomes include willingness to intervene against suicide, internet self-efficacy, safety, and acceptability. RESULTS The study was funded in November 2020, approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee on October 7, 2022, and prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry. Trial recruitment began in November 2022 and study completion is anticipated by June 2024. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first randomized controlled trial internationally to test the impact of a social media intervention designed to equip young people to communicate safely on the web about suicide. Given the rising rates of youth suicide in Australia and the acceptability of social media among young people, incorporating social media-based interventions into the suicide prevention landscape is an obvious next step. This intervention, if effective, could also be extended internationally, thereby improving web-based safety for young people not just in Australia but globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622001397707; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=384318. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/44300.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise La Sala
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Charlie Cooper
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamblin
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ellie Brown
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hayley Nolan
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rikki Battersby-Coulter
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gowri Rajaram
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pinar Thorn
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Summer May-Finlay
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Vincent Silenzio
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jaelea Skehan
- Everymind, Newcastle, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Karolina Krysinska
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - India Bellairs-Walsh
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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6
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Walsh EH, Herring MP, McMahon J. Exploring adolescents' perspectives on and experiences with post-primary school-based suicide prevention: a meta-ethnography protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36631829 PMCID: PMC9832255 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, suicide is the fourth leading cause of adolescent mortality. Although post-primary school-based suicide prevention (PSSP) interventions are an evidence-based strategy for targeting adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), PSSP effectiveness does not easily translate to school settings. Adolescents' perspectives on PSSP are particularly important for (1) intervention effectiveness and implementation in both research and practice, (2) addressing PSSP evidence-practice gaps, and (3) enhancing meaningful adolescent involvement in PSSP, yet there is a gap in understanding adolescents' experiences of engaging with PSSP. As such, this protocol outlines a meta-ethnography which will explore and synthesize adolescents' perspectives on engaging with PSSP interventions, as participants/end-users, intervention advisors, facilitators, and co-designers and co-researchers. METHODS The meta-ethnography protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The protocol was guided by the seven-stage process for meta-ethnography proposed by Noblit and Hare. Searches of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, and study reference lists will identify peer-reviewed studies. Gray literature will be identified by searches in ProQuest, British Library EThOS, and DART-Europe E-theses Portal. The main reviewer will initially assess the eligibility of studies based on title and abstract, with full texts reviewed by at least two reviewers. Findings of the included studies will be synthesized in line with Noblit and Hare's stages and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first proposed meta-ethnography to explore and integrate the findings of qualitative studies exploring adolescents' perspectives on engaging with PSSP interventions. Understanding adolescents' experiences of engaging with PSSP will impact the field of PSSP in several ways by (1) enhancing research processes and intervention effectiveness and implementation, (2) informing decision-making and policymaking relevant to practice, (3) guiding meaningful adolescent involvement in PSSP, and (4) contributing to knowledge on the safety implications of engaging adolescents in PSSP. Finally, it is expected that the insights from this meta-ethnography will be widely applicable, given the growing demand for meaningful youth involvement in health-related fields. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022319424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eibhlin H Walsh
- School, Child & Youth (SCY) Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, FG150, Foundation building, Limerick, Ireland. .,National Institute of Studies in Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer McMahon
- School, Child & Youth (SCY) Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, FG150, Foundation building, Limerick, Ireland.,National Institute of Studies in Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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7
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Mavragani A, Gibson K. Using Web-Based Content to Connect Young People With Real-life Mental Health Support: Qualitative Interview Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e38296. [PMID: 36598810 PMCID: PMC9893733 DOI: 10.2196/38296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people experience high rates of mental health problems but make insufficient use of the formal services available to them. As young people are heavy users of the internet, there may be an untapped potential to use web-based content to encourage this hard-to-reach population to make better use of face-to-face mental health services. However, owing to the vast range of content available and the complexities in how young people engage with it, it is difficult to know what web-based content is most likely to resonate with this age group and facilitate their engagement with professional support. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the types of web-based content young people identified as more likely to prompt youth engagement with mental health services. METHODS This study used a qualitative design conducted within a social constructionist epistemology that recognized the importance of youth empowerment in mental health. Digital interviews using WhatsApp instant messenger were conducted with 37 young people aged 16-23 years who participated as "expert informants" on the priorities and practices of youth in web-based spaces. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify the types of web-based content that participants believed would encourage young people to reach out to a face-to-face mental health service for support. RESULTS The analysis generated 3 main themes related to the research question. First, participants noted that a lack of information about available services and how they worked prevented young people from engaging with face-to-face mental health services. They proposed web-based content that provided clear information about relevant mental health services and how to access them. They also suggested the use of both text and video to provide young people with greater insight into how face-to-face counseling might work. Second, participants recommended content dedicated to combating misconceptions about mental health and negative portrayals of mental health services and professionals that are prevalent in their web-based spaces. They suggested content that challenged the stigma surrounding mental health and help seeking and highlighted the value of mental health services. Finally, participants suggested that young people would be more likely to respond to "relatable" digital stories of using mental health services, recounted in the context of a personal connection with someone they trusted. CONCLUSIONS This study offers recommendations for professionals and service providers on how to better engage young people with real-life mental health support using web-based content. Web-based content can be used to challenge some of the barriers that continue to prevent young people from accessing face-to-face mental health services and underlines the importance of including young people's voices in the design of web-based mental health content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry Gibson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Cohen R, Rifkin‐Zybutz R, Moran P, Biddle L. Web-based support services to help prevent suicide in young people and students: A mixed-methods, user-informed review of characteristics and effective elements. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:2404-2413. [PMID: 35514202 PMCID: PMC10084127 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The online world may provide an alternative means to engage young people and students with suicidal feelings, who are typically reluctant to seek help. We aimed to map, characterise and obtain user evaluation of current online suicide support for this group in order to assess the usefulness of current provision and how it may be improved. We conducted a mixed-methods study, comprised of an internet search, content analysis of site features and qualitative interviews with site users: 9 young people and 4 general practitioners. Data collection took place in 2019 and 2020 in the UK. Young people participants were recruited through the well-being networks of a large University in South-West England and via a national young person's mental health app. General practitioners were recruited locally through professional networks. We identified a wide range of easily accessible online support, including examples of interactive services, such as live chat and text messaging, but a lack of support that is both suicide-specific and young adult-specific, and an absence of online suicide or mental health crisis support services tailored specifically for students. Qualitative data showed that clarity, brevity and immediacy are the most important facets of engaging crisis help for young people, and that young people may prefer to use text-based rather than verbal forms of communication when seeking help. Few services provided access to active peer support, outside of lived-experience stories, which were evaluated as both valuable and potentially harmful. There is a need to further develop tailored suicide specific online crisis support for young people and students, which is able to 'speak to' their age-specific needs and preferences. While lived experience may provide a valuable means of supporting young audiences, caution is required since this may have unintended negative consequences and further research is needed to understand the safe framing of such material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cohen
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthBristol University Medical SchoolBristolUK
| | - Raphael Rifkin‐Zybutz
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthBristol University Medical SchoolBristolUK
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS TrustBristolUK
| | - Paul Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthBristol University Medical SchoolBristolUK
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - Lucy Biddle
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesBristol University Medical SchoolBristolUK
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9
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Chen SS, Lam TP, Lam KF, Lo TL, Chao DVK, Mak KY, Lam EWW, Tang WS, Chan HY, Yip PSF. The Use of Close Friends on Instagram, Help-Seeking Willingness, and Suicidality Among Hong Kong Youth: Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37695. [PMID: 36223182 PMCID: PMC9607886 DOI: 10.2196/37695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social networking sites (SNSs) have gained popularity in recent years for help seeking and self-distress expression among adolescents. Although online suicidal expression is believed to have major benefits, various concerns have also been raised, particularly around privacy issues. Understanding youths’ help-seeking behavior on SNSs is critical for effective suicide prevention; however, most research neglects the impacts of the private SNS context. Objective This study aims to examine youths’ private SNS use via the new Instagram feature, Close Friends, and its association with both online and offline help-seeking willingness as well as youths’ suicidality. Methods This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach with a combination of explorative qualitative interviews and a systematic quantitative survey, targeting youth aged 15-19 years in Hong Kong. The motivations for utilizing Close Friends and concerns regarding online expression were addressed in the focus group and individual interviews (n=40). A cross-sectional survey (n=1676) was conducted subsequently with eligible secondary school students to examine the prevalence of Close Friends usage, their online and offline help-seeking willingness, and suicide-related experiences. Results A total of 3 primary motives for using Close Friends were identified during interviews, including (1) interaction and help seeking, (2) release of negative emotions, and (3) ventilation and self-expression. Most participants also highlighted the privacy concerns associated with public online communication and the importance of contacting close friends for emotional support. Survey results showed that use of Close Friends was quite prevalent among adolescents (1163/1646, 70.66%), with around 46% (754/1646, 45.81%) of respondents being frequent users. Differences by gender and school academic banding were also revealed. Regarding help-seeking intentions, youths were generally positive about seeking help from peers and friends offline (1010/1266, 79.78%) yet negative about seeking assistance from online friends or professionals with whom they had not yet developed a real-world connection (173/1266, 13.67%). Most notably, frequencies of Close Friends usage were differentially associated with online and offline help-seeking willingness and youths’ suicidality. Compared with nonusers, those who had ever used the feature were more likely to seek offline support (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 1.82-2.36), whereas heavy use of Close Friends was associated with increased odds of online help-seeking willingness (AOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.06-2.93) and a higher risk of suicidality (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01-2.31). Conclusions The popularity of Close Friends reflects the increasing need for private online expression among youth. This study demonstrates the importance of Close Friends for self-expression and private conversation and inadequacy of peer support for suicidal adolescents. Further research is needed to identify the causal relationship between Close Friends usage and help-seeking willingness to guide the advancement of suicide prevention strategies. Researchers and social media platforms may cooperate to co-design a risk monitoring system tailored to the private SNS context, assisting professionals in identifying youth at risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikky Shiqi Chen
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Pong Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Fai Lam
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tak Lam Lo
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Vai Kiong Chao
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Hospital Authority Kowloon East Cluster, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ki Yan Mak
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmund Wing Wo Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sin Tang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Yan Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Williams KDA, Dougherty SA, Lattie EG, Guidry JPD, Carlyle KE. Examining Hashtag Use of #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan and Related Content on Instagram: Descriptive Content Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e34044. [PMID: 35916699 PMCID: PMC9379788 DOI: 10.2196/34044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is widely accessible and increasingly utilized. Social media users develop hashtags and visual, text-based imagery to challenge misrepresentations, garner social support, and discuss a variety of mental health issues. Understanding how Black men are represented on social media and are using social media may be an avenue for promoting their engagement with and uptake of digital mental health interventions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of posts containing visual and text-based components related to representations of Black men's race, gender, and behaviors. METHODS An exploratory, descriptive content analysis was conducted for 500 Instagram posts to examine characteristics, content, and public engagement of posts containing the hashtags #theblackmancan and #blackboyjoy. Posts were selected randomly and extracted from Instagram using a social network mining tool during Fall 2018 and Spring 2019. A codebook was developed, and all posts were analyzed by 2 independent coders. Analyses included frequency counts and descriptive analysis to determine content and characteristics of posts. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were conducted to assess engagement associated with posts via likes, comments, and video views. RESULTS Of the 500 posts extracted, most were image based (368/500, 73.6%), 272/500 (54.4%) were posted by an individual and 135/500 (27.0%) by a community organization, 269/500 (53.8%) were posted by individuals from Black populations, and 177/500 (35.4%) posts contained images of only males. Posts depicted images of Black men as fathers (100/500, 20.0%), Black men being celebrated (101/500, 20.2%), and Black men expressing joy (217/500, 43.4%). Posts (127/500, 25.4%) also depicted Black men in relation to gender atypical behavior, such as caring for children or styling their children's hair. Variables related to education and restrictive affection did not show up often in posts. Engagement via likes (median 1671, P<.001), comments (P<.001), and views (P<.001) for posts containing #theblackmancan was significantly higher compared with posts containing #blackboyjoy (median 140). Posts containing elements of celebrating Black men (P=.02) and gender atypical behavior (P<.001) also had significantly higher engagement. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to look at hashtag use of #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan. Posts containing #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan promoted positive user-generated visual and text-based content on Instagram and promoted positive interactions among Black and diverse communities. With the popularity of social media and hashtag use increasing, researchers and future interventional research should investigate the potential for such imagery to serve as culturally relevant design components for digital mental health prevention efforts geared towards Black men and the communities they exist and engage with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofoworola D A Williams
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sharyn A Dougherty
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Emily G Lattie
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeanine P D Guidry
- Robertson School of Media and Culture, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kellie E Carlyle
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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11
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Cherian AV, Menon V, Rathinam B, Aiman A, Shrinivasa Bhat U, Arahantabailu P, John S, Kumar S, Bhat A. Awareness and preferences about suicide crisis support service options among college students in India: A cross sectional study. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 74:103172. [PMID: 35689875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to explore the awareness about suicide support services and preferred service options during a suicide crisis among college going young adults. METHODS Between September 2016 and February 2017, we invited students from colleges affiliated to three major universities in a coastal district of South India to participate in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS A total of 1890 usable responses were obtained. Most participants (n = 1633, 86.4%) were unaware of any suicide crisis support options. Most commonly listed options were support from family members, peer groups, counselling and psychiatric consultation. These were also endorsed as most preferred support options. CONCLUSION There is a low level of awareness about suicide support services among young Indian adults. There is a need for coordinated efforts to raise awareness and promote uptake of suicide support services in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish V Cherian
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Vikas Menon
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Bharath Rathinam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Agnieta Aiman
- Department of Psychiatry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - U Shrinivasa Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Soyuz John
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte Deemed to be University, Mangalore, India
| | - Aneesh Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research (MIMER), India
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12
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Vaingankar JA, van Dam RM, Samari E, Chang S, Seow E, Chua YC, Luo N, Verma S, Subramaniam M. Social Media-Driven Routes to Positive Mental Health Among Youth: Qualitative Enquiry and Concept Mapping Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e32758. [PMID: 35254285 PMCID: PMC8933808 DOI: 10.2196/32758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media influence almost every aspect of our lives by facilitating instant many-to-many communication and self-expression. Recent research suggests strong negative and positive impacts of social media exposure on youth mental health; however, there has been more emphasis on harmful relationships. OBJECTIVE Given the limited research on the benefits of social media for mental health, this qualitative study explored the lived experiences of youth to understand how social media use can contribute to positive mental health among youth. METHODS Using an interpretivist epistemological approach, 25 semistructured interviews and 11 focus group discussions were conducted with male and female youth of different ethnicities (aged 15 to 24 years) residing in Singapore, who were recruited through purposive sampling from the community. We conducted inductive thematic analysis and concept mapping to address the research aims. RESULTS We found that youth engaged in a wide range of activities on social media from connecting with family and friends to participating in global movements, and these served as avenues for building positive mental health. Based on participants' narratives, our analysis suggested that positive mental health among youth could be influenced by 3 features of social media consumption (connection with friends and their global community, engagement with social media content, and the value of social media as an outlet for expression). Through these, pathways leading to the following 5 positive mental health components were identified: (1) positive relationships and social capital, (2) self-concept, (3) coping, (4) happiness, and (5) other relevant aspects of mental health (for example, positivity and personal growth). CONCLUSIONS The study results highlight the integral role of social media in the lives of today's youth and indicate that they can offer opportunities for positive influence, personal expression, and social support, thus contributing to positive mental health among youth. The findings of our research can be applied to optimize engagement with youth through social media and enhance the digital modes of mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Chian Chua
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Delanys S, Benamara F, Moriceau V, Olivier F, Mothe J. Psychiatry on Twitter: Content Analysis of the Use of Psychiatric Terms in French. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e18539. [PMID: 35156925 PMCID: PMC8887636 DOI: 10.2196/18539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the advent of digital technology and specifically user-generated contents in social media, new ways emerged for studying possible stigma of people in relation with mental health. Several pieces of work studied the discourse conveyed about psychiatric pathologies on Twitter considering mostly tweets in English and a limited number of psychiatric disorders terms. This paper proposes the first study to analyze the use of a wide range of psychiatric terms in tweets in French. Objective Our aim is to study how generic, nosographic, and therapeutic psychiatric terms are used on Twitter in French. More specifically, our study has 3 complementary goals: (1) to analyze the types of psychiatric word use (medical, misuse, or irrelevant), (2) to analyze the polarity conveyed in the tweets that use these terms (positive, negative, or neural), and (3) to compare the frequency of these terms to those observed in related work (mainly in English). Methods Our study was conducted on a corpus of tweets in French posted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, and collected using dedicated keywords. The corpus was manually annotated by clinical psychiatrists following a multilayer annotation scheme that includes the type of word use and the opinion orientation of the tweet. A qualitative analysis was performed to measure the reliability of the produced manual annotation, and then a quantitative analysis was performed considering mainly term frequency in each layer and exploring the interactions between them. Results One of the first results is a resource as an annotated dataset. The initial dataset is composed of 22,579 tweets in French containing at least one of the selected psychiatric terms. From this set, experts in psychiatry randomly annotated 3040 tweets that corresponded to the resource resulting from our work. The second result is the analysis of the annotations showing that terms are misused in 45.33% (1378/3040) of the tweets and that their associated polarity is negative in 86.21% (1188/1378) of the cases. When considering the 3 types of term use, 52.14% (1585/3040) of the tweets are associated with a negative polarity. Misused terms related to psychotic disorders (721/1300, 55.46%) were more frequent to those related to depression (15/280, 5.4%). Conclusions Some psychiatric terms are misused in the corpora we studied, which is consistent with the results reported in related work in other languages. Thanks to the great diversity of studied terms, this work highlighted a disparity in the representations and ways of using psychiatric terms. Moreover, our study is important to help psychiatrists to be aware of the term use in new communication media such as social networks that are widely used. This study has the huge advantage to be reproducible thanks to the framework and guidelines we produced so that the study could be renewed in order to analyze the evolution of term usage. While the newly build dataset is a valuable resource for other analytical studies, it could also serve to train machine learning algorithms to automatically identify stigma in social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delanys
- Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie et santé mentale d'Occitanie, Toulouse, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Montauban, Montauban, France
| | - Farah Benamara
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Moriceau
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Olivier
- Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie et santé mentale d'Occitanie, Toulouse, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Montauban, Montauban, France
| | - Josiane Mothe
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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14
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MacKinnon KR, Kia H, Lacombe-Duncan A. Examining TikTok's Potential for Community-Engaged Digital Knowledge Mobilization With Equity-Seeking Groups. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e30315. [PMID: 34889739 PMCID: PMC8704107 DOI: 10.2196/30315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media is increasingly being leveraged by researchers to engage in public debates and rapidly disseminate research results to health care providers, health care users, policy makers, educators, and the general public. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the use of social media for digital knowledge mobilization, drawing particular attention to TikTok and its unique potential for collaborative knowledge mobilization with underserved communities who experience barriers to health care and health inequities (eg, equity-seeking groups). Setting the TikTok platform apart from other social media are the unique audiovisual video editing tools, together with an impactful algorithm, that make knowledge dissemination and exchange with large global audiences possible. As an example, we will discuss digital knowledge mobilization with trans and nonbinary (trans) communities, a population that experiences barriers to health care and is engaged in significant peer-to-peer health information sharing on the web. To demonstrate, analytics data from 13 selected TikTok videos on the topic of research on gender-affirming medicine (eg, hormonal therapy and surgeries) are presented to illustrate how knowledge is disseminated within the trans community via TikTok. Considerations for researchers planning to use TikTok for digital knowledge mobilization and other related community engagement with equity-seeking groups are also discussed. These include the limitations of TikTok analytics data for measuring knowledge mobilization, population-specific concerns related to community safety on social media, the spread of disinformation, barriers to internet access, and commercialization and intellectual property issues. This paper concludes that TikTok is an innovative social media platform that presents possibilities for achieving transformative, community-engaged knowledge mobilization among researchers, underserved health care users, and their health care providers, all of whom are necessary to achieve better health care and population health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Kia
- School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Patro A, Landeen KC, Stevens MN, Cass ND, Haynes DS. The Digital Dilemma: Perspectives From Otolaryngology Residency Applicants on Social Media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 131:954-961. [PMID: 34617461 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of otolaryngology programs' social media on residency candidates in the 2020 to 2021 application cycle. METHODS An anonymous survey was distributed via Otomatch, Headmirror, and word of mouth to otolaryngology residency applicants in the 2021 Match. Survey items included demographics, social media usage, and impact of programs' social media on applicant perception and ranking. Descriptive statistics were performed, and responses based on demographic variables were compared using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Of 64 included respondents, nearly all (61/64, 95%) used Facebook, Instagram, and/or Twitter for personal and/or professional purposes. Applicants (59/64, 92%) most commonly researched otolaryngology residency programs on Instagram (55/59, 93%) and Twitter (36/59, 61%), with younger (P = .023) and female (P = .043) applicants being more likely to engage with programs on Instagram. Program accounts were most helpful in showcasing program culture (50/59, 85%) and highlighting its location (34/59, 58%). Nearly one third (19/59, 32%) reported that social media impacted their rank list. Age, gender, reapplication, home program status, or time taken off before and/or during medical school did not significantly influence social media's usefulness in the application cycle. CONCLUSION Social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter are frequently used by applicants to assess otolaryngology residency programs. Programs' social media accounts effectively demonstrate program culture and affect applicants' rank lists. As social media usage continues to rise in the medical community, these findings can help otolaryngology residency programs craft a beneficial online presence that aids in recruitment, networking, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Patro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly C Landeen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madelyn N Stevens
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathan D Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David S Haynes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Crouse JJ, Morley KC, Buckley N, Dawson A, Seth D, Monds LA, Tickell A, Kay-Lambkin F, Chitty KM. Online interventions for people hospitalized for deliberate self-harm and problematic alcohol use: Lessons learned from the iiAIM trial. Bull Menninger Clin 2021; 85:123-142. [PMID: 34032460 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2021.85.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deliberate self-harm and suicide affect all age groups, sexes, and regions, and their prevention is a global health priority. Acute alcohol misuse and chronic alcohol misuse are strong, modifiable risk factors, and Internet interventions aiming to reduce alcohol misuse and comorbid mental health problems (e.g., depression) are a promising and effective treatment modality. The research team aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an Internet-based comorbidity intervention primarily aiming to reduce alcohol consumption, and secondarily to reduce readmission for deliberate self-harm and improve psychological outcomes among people hospitalized for deliberate self-harm who also engage in problematic alcohol use. However, due to several barriers to recruitment, the trial could not be completed and was discontinued. The authors present a "Lessons Learned" discussion and describe the Internet Intervention for Alcohol Improvement (iiAIM) trial, discuss the key barriers experienced by the research team, and recommend potential solutions that may help future trials in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- University of Sydney, Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain & Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten C Morley
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Buckley
- University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology Program, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Dawson
- University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology Program, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Drug Health Services, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Drug Health Services, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, NSW, Australia, and the University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren A Monds
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Tickell
- University of Sydney, Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain & Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Brain and Mental Health Priority Research Centre, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kate M Chitty
- University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Translational Australian Clinical Toxicology Program, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Patro A, Carr S, Stevens MN, Landeen KC, Cass ND, Haynes DS. Otolaryngology Residency Program Rankings and Social Media Usage: A Longitudinal Analysis. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2455-2460. [PMID: 34000091 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media is a powerful networking tool among health care organizations. This study determines correlations between program reputation and social media activity and popularity, specifically among otolaryngology residency programs. METHODS Accredited programs, excluding military and osteopathic, in the United States were included. Activity and popularity on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were assessed during the same 7-month period from 2016 to 2020. Doximity Residency reputation scores (dividing programs into quartiles) and US News & World Report (comparing programs affiliated with top hospitals versus those with unranked hospitals) were utilized to compare differences based on reputation. RESULTS Of 104 programs, 91 (88%) had social media accounts. Instagram and Twitter were more commonly used than Facebook, with 78 (75%), 49 (47%), and 42 (40%) accounts, respectively. The cumulative use of all three platforms grew yearly, while Twitter (R2 = 0.9863) and Instagram (R2 = 0.9955) presence increased exponentially. Doximity's top quartile programs had more Facebook (P = .020), Twitter (P < .001), and Instagram (P = .102) accounts. First-quartile programs also adopted each platform months before fourth-quartile programs. Stratified by US News & World Report, ranked programs had more social media accounts, with 24 (53%) on Facebook (P = .028), 32 (71%) on Twitter (P < .001), and 37 (82%) on Instagram (P = .155). Programs with higher reputations were more active and exhibited increased likes and followers over time. CONCLUSION Social media use among otolaryngology programs has grown exponentially, with Instagram and Twitter becoming the dominant platforms. Higher ranked programs are more active on social media, have more followers, and adopt social media earlier. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Patro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Shane Carr
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Madelyn N Stevens
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Kelly C Landeen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Nathan D Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - David S Haynes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
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18
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Rassy J, Bardon C, Dargis L, Côté LP, Corthésy-Blondin L, Mörch CM, Labelle R. Information and Communication Technology Use in Suicide Prevention: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25288. [PMID: 33820754 PMCID: PMC8132980 DOI: 10.2196/25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in suicide prevention has progressed rapidly over the past decade. ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention, but research on best and promising practices has been slow. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to explore the existing literature on ICT use in suicide prevention to answer the following question: what are the best and most promising ICT practices for suicide prevention? METHODS A scoping search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and IEEE Xplore. These databases were searched for articles published between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018. The five stages of the scoping review process were as follows: identifying research questions; targeting relevant studies; selecting studies; charting data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The World Health Organization suicide prevention model was used according to the continuum of universal, selective, and indicated prevention. RESULTS Of the 3848 studies identified, 115 (2.99%) were selected. Of these, 10 regarded the use of ICT in universal suicide prevention, 53 referred to the use of ICT in selective suicide prevention, and 52 dealt with the use of ICT in indicated suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS The use of ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention, and many promising programs were identified through this scoping review. However, large-scale evaluation studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of these programs and strategies. In addition, safety and ethics protocols for ICT-based interventions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rassy
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Nursing, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network on Nursing Intervention Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Bardon
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Dargis
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Côté
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Corthésy-Blondin
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carl-Maria Mörch
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Algora Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mila, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Réal Labelle
- Center for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Ftanou M, Reavley N, Robinson J, Spittal MJ, Pirkis J. Developing Public Service Announcements to Help Prevent Suicide among Young People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084158. [PMID: 33920012 PMCID: PMC8070985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death among young people in Australia. Media campaigns have the potential to reach a broad audience, change attitudes and behaviours, and, ultimately, help prevent suicide. Little is known about the type of content or format suicide prevention media message should take to help prevent suicide among young people. Objective: the objective of this study was to involve young people aged 18 to 24 years in developing three suicide prevention public service announcement (PSAs) targeting young people at risk of suicide appropriate for testing in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Method: fifteen young people attended at least one of four workshops in Melbourne, Australia. The workshops focused on exploring the appropriateness of three key suicide prevention media PSAs: “Talk to someone”, “Find what works for you”, and “Life can get better”. Young people also provided input into message content, format, and design. Results: participants perceived that all three suicide prevention PSAs were useful and helpful. Participants were concerned that the PSAs may not be suitable for nonwestern cultural groups, could trivialise psychological suffering, and that the actions they promoted could seem distant or unattainable to young people at risk. The featuring of young people, especially young people with hopeful narratives of how they overcame a suicidal crisis, was considered to be an important characteristic of suicide prevention PSAs targeting young people. Conclusions: Developing suicide prevention PSAs with young people is rare but essential to better understand young people’s needs and improve the quality of suicide prevention media PSAs. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of suicide prevention PSAs developed by young people, for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ftanou
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.R.); (M.J.S.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8344-0655; Fax: +61-3-9348-1174
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.R.); (M.J.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.R.); (M.J.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.R.); (M.J.S.); (J.P.)
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20
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Marchant A, Hawton K, Burns L, Stewart A, John A. Impact of Web-Based Sharing and Viewing of Self-Harm-Related Videos and Photographs on Young People: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e18048. [PMID: 33739289 PMCID: PMC8074996 DOI: 10.2196/18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given recent moves to remove or blur self-harm imagery or content on the web, it is important to understand the impact of posting, viewing, and reposting self-harm images on young people. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to systematically review research related to the emotional and behavioral impact on children and young people who view or share web-based self-harm-related videos or images. METHODS We searched databases (including Embase, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE) from January 1991 to February 2019. Search terms were categorized into internet use, images nonspecific and specific to the internet, and self-harm and suicide. Stepwise screening against specified criteria and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Eligible articles were quality assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS A total of 19 independent studies (20 articles) were included. Of these, 4 studies focused on images, 10 (11 articles) on videos, and 5 on both. There were 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 7 mixed methods articles. In total, 11 articles were rated as high quality. There has been an increase in graphic self-harm imagery over time. Potentially harmful content congregated on platforms with little moderation, anonymity, and easy search functions for images. A range of reactions and intentions were reported in relation to posting or viewing images of self-harm: from empathy, a sense of solidarity, and the use of images to give or receive help to potentially harmful ones suggesting new methods, normalization, and exacerbation of self-harm. Viewing images as an alternative to self-harm or a creative outlet were regarded in 2 studies as positive impacts. Reactions of anger, hostility, and ambivalence have been reported. There was some evidence of the role of imitation and reinforcement, driven partly by the number of comments and wound severity, but this was not supported by time series analyses. CONCLUSIONS Although the results of this review support concern related to safety and exacerbation of self-harm through viewing images of self-harm, there may be potential for positive impacts in some of those exposed. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness and potential harms of current posting restrictions, incorporate user perspectives, and develop recovery-oriented content. Clinicians assessing distressed young people should ask about internet use, including access to self-harm images, as part of their assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Burns
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Stewart
- Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
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21
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Swedo EA, Beauregard JL, de Fijter S, Werhan L, Norris K, Montgomery MP, Rose EB, David-Ferdon C, Massetti GM, Hillis SD, Sumner SA. Associations Between Social Media and Suicidal Behaviors During a Youth Suicide Cluster in Ohio. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:308-316. [PMID: 32646827 PMCID: PMC8366066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth suicide clusters may be exacerbated by suicide contagion-the spread of suicidal behaviors. Factors promoting suicide contagion are poorly understood, particularly in the advent of social media. Using cross-sectional data from an ongoing youth suicide cluster in Ohio, this study examines associations between suicide cluster-related social media and suicidal behaviors. METHODS We surveyed 7th- to 12th-grade students in northeastern Ohio during a 2017-2018 suicide cluster to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SAs), and associations with potential contagion-promoting factors such as suicide cluster-related social media, vigils, memorials, news articles, and watching the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why before or during the cluster. Generalized estimating equations examined associations between potential contagion-promoting factors and SI/SA, adjusting for nonmodifiable risk factors. Subgroup analyses examined whether associations between cluster-related factors and SI/SA during the cluster varied by previous history of SI/SA. RESULTS Among participating students, 9.0% (876/9,733) reported SI and 4.9% attempted suicide (481/9,733) during the suicide cluster. Among students who posted suicide cluster-related content to social media, 22.9% (267/1,167) reported SI and 15.0% (175/1,167) attempted suicide during the suicide cluster. Posting suicide cluster-related content was associated with both SI (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.0) and SA during the cluster (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.5). In subgroup analyses, seeing suicide cluster-related posts was uniquely associated with increased odds of SI and SA during the cluster among students with no previous history of SI/SA. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to suicide cluster-related social media is associated with both SI and SA during a suicide cluster. Suicide interventions could benefit from efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of social media and promote prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Swedo
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jennifer L Beauregard
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sietske de Fijter
- Ohio Violence and Injury Prevention Program, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Luke Werhan
- Ohio Violence and Injury Prevention Program, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Martha P Montgomery
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Ohio Violence and Injury Prevention Program, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erica B Rose
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Corinne David-Ferdon
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Greta M Massetti
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan D Hillis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Steven A Sumner
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Alpert JM, Chen H, Riddell H, Chung YJ, Mu YA. Vaping and Instagram: A Content Analysis of e-Cigarette Posts Using the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) Index. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:879-887. [PMID: 33749515 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1899233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of flavors, perceptions of "coolness," and general curiosity are characteristics of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) that have appealed to young adults. However, little is known about the characteristics of popular social media posts related to ENDS on the social media network, Instagram. Methods: Content analysis was performed using the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) index. Over 700 posts were collected from August 2019 - December 2019 by searching the Instagram hashtags, #vape and #vapelife. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each of the six major categories and 35 sub-categories. Results: Nearly all of the images were color photographs and 84% featured an ENDS device (mod) as the focal point. The style of the device was often matte (75%) in only one or two main colors (55%). Warnings about age restrictions and nicotine were included in 28% of images, but commonly used promotional tactics, such as humor, presence of vapor puffs, and flavors were rarely utilized. Conclusions: Instagram posts featuring ENDS are visually appealing and like cigarette packaging, may have the capacity to influence perceptions about the product. Since it is culturally normative for appealing images to be shared on Instagram, greater attention should be placed on media literacy skills to educate young adults about ENDS viewed on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Alpert
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather Riddell
- Department of Communication, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Yoo Jin Chung
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yu Angela Mu
- Department of Telecommunication, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Szlyk H, Tan J. The Role of Technology and the Continuum of Care for Youth Suicidality: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18672. [PMID: 33034568 PMCID: PMC7584980 DOI: 10.2196/18672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Youth suicide is a global public health issue, and using technology is one strategy to increase participation in preventive interventions. However, there is minimal knowledge on how technology-enhanced interventions for youth correspond to the stages of care, from illness or risk recognition to treatment follow-up. Objective This systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of technology-enhanced youth suicide prevention and interventions across the continuum of care. Methods Four electronic databases were searched up to spring 2019 for youth suicide preventive interventions that used technology. The review was not restricted by study design and eligible studies could report outcomes on suicidality or related behaviors, such as formal treatment initiation. An adapted version of the Methodological Quality Ratings Scale was used to assess study quality. Results A total of 26 studies were identified. The findings support the emerging efficacy of technology-enhanced interventions, including a decline in suicidality and an increase in proactive behaviors. However, evidence suggests that there are gaps in the continuum of care and recent study samples do not represent the diverse identities of vulnerable youth. Conclusions The majority of identified studies were conducted in school settings and were universal interventions that aligned with the illness and risk recognition and help-seeking stages of the continuum of care. This field could be strengthened by having future studies target the stages of assessment and treatment initiation, include diverse youth demographics, and examine the varying roles of providers and technological components in emerging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Szlyk
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jia Tan
- The Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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24
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Jones RB, Stallard P, Agha SS, Rice S, Werner-Seidler A, Stasiak K, Kahn J, Simpson SA, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Rice F, Evans R, Merry S. Practitioner review: Co-design of digital mental health technologies with children and young people. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:928-940. [PMID: 32572961 PMCID: PMC7611975 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in digital technologies to help improve children and young people's mental health, and the evidence for the effectiveness for these approaches is rising. However, there is concern regarding levels of user engagement, uptake and adherence. Key guidance regarding digital health interventions stress the importance of early user input in the development, evaluation and implementation of technologies to help ensure they are engaging, feasible, acceptable and potentially effective. Co-design is a process of active involvement of stakeholders, requiring a change from the traditional approaches to intervention development. However, there is a lack of literature to inform the co-design of digital technologies to help child and adolescent mental health. METHODS We reviewed the literature and practice in the co-design of digital mental health technologies with children and young people. We searched Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases, guidelines, reviews and reference lists, contacted key authors for relevant studies, and extracted key themes on aspects of co-design relevant to practice. We supplemented this with case studies and methods reported by researchers working in the field. RESULTS We identified 25 original articles and 30 digital mental health technologies that were designed/developed with children and young people. The themes identified were as follows: principles of co-design (including potential stakeholders and stages of involvement), methods of involving and engaging the range of users, co-designing the prototype and the challenges of co-design. CONCLUSIONS Co-design involves all relevant stakeholders throughout the life and research cycle of the programme. This review helps to inform practitioners and researchers interested in the development of digital health technologies for children and young people. Future work in this field will need to consider the changing face of technology, methods of engaging with the diversity in the user group, and the evaluation of the co-design process and its impact on the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Bevan Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB, Wales, UK
| | | | - Sharifah Shameem Agha
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB, Wales, UK
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Karolina Stasiak
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason Kahn
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon A. Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Rice
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Sally Merry
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Thorn P, Hill NT, Lamblin M, Teh Z, Battersby-Coulter R, Rice S, Bendall S, Gibson KL, Finlay SM, Blandon R, de Souza L, West A, Cooksey A, Sciglitano J, Goodrich S, Robinson J. Developing a Suicide Prevention Social Media Campaign With Young People (The #Chatsafe Project): Co-Design Approach. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e17520. [PMID: 32391800 PMCID: PMC7248803 DOI: 10.2196/17520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people commonly use social media platforms to communicate about suicide. Although research indicates that this communication may be helpful, the potential for harm still exists. To facilitate safe communication about suicide on social media, we developed the #chatsafe guidelines, which we sought to implement via a national social media campaign in Australia. Population-wide suicide prevention campaigns have been shown to improve knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward suicide. However, suicide prevention campaigns will be ineffective if they do not reach and resonate with their target audience. Co-designing suicide prevention campaigns with young people can increase the engagement and usefulness of these youth interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to document key elements of the co-design process; to evaluate young people's experiences of the co-design process; and to capture young people's recommendations for the #chatsafe suicide prevention social media campaign. METHODS In total, 11 co-design workshops were conducted, with a total of 134 young people aged between 17 and 25 years. The workshops employed commonly used co-design strategies; however, modifications were made to create a safe and comfortable environment, given the population and complexity and sensitivity of the subject matter. Young people's experiences of the workshops were evaluated through a short survey at the end of each workshop. Recommendations for the campaign strategy were captured through a thematic analysis of the postworkshop discussions with facilitators. RESULTS The majority of young people reported that the workshops were both safe (116/131, 88.5%) and enjoyable (126/131, 96.2%). They reported feeling better equipped to communicate safely about suicide on the web and feeling better able to identify and support others who may be at risk of suicide. Key recommendations for the campaign strategy were that young people wanted to see bite-sized sections of the guidelines come to life via shareable content such as short videos, animations, photographs, and images. They wanted to feel visible in campaign materials and wanted all materials to be fully inclusive and linked to resources and support services. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study internationally to co-design a suicide prevention social media campaign in partnership with young people. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to safely engage young people in co-designing a suicide prevention intervention and that this process produces recommendations, which can usefully inform suicide prevention campaigns aimed at youth. The fact that young people felt better able to safely communicate about suicide on the web as a result of participation in the study augurs well for youth engagement with the national campaign, which was rolled out across Australia. If effective, the campaign has the potential to better prepare many young people to communicate safely about suicide on the web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Thorn
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Tm Hill
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamblin
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Teh
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerry L Gibson
- The University of Auckland, Auckland CBD, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Summer May Finlay
- The University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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26
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suresh Bada Math
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (Institute of National Importance), Bengaluru 560 029, Karnataka, India
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27
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Hawton K, Hill NTM, Gould M, John A, Lascelles K, Robinson J. Clustering of suicides in children and adolescents. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 4:58-67. [PMID: 31606323 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the major causes of death in young people, in whom suicide can occur in clusters. In this Review, we have investigated definitions and epidemiology of such clusters, the factors associated with them, mechanisms by which they occur, and means of intervening and preventing them. Clustering of suicidal behaviour is more common in young people (<25 years) than adults. Suicide clusters can occur as a greater number of episodes than expected at a specific location, including in institutions (eg, schools, universities, psychiatric units, and youth offender units). They might also involve linked episodes spread out geographically. Locations exposed to clusters can be at risk for future clusters. Mechanisms involved in clusters include social transmission (particularly via person-to-person transmission and the media), perception that suicidal behaviour is widespread, susceptible young people being likely to socialise with others at risk of suicidal behaviour, and social cohesion contributing to the diffusion of ideas and attitudes. The internet and social media might have particularly important roles in spreading suicidal behaviour. The effect of suicide clusters on communities and institutions is usually profound. Experience of intervening in clusters has resulted in best practice guidance. This guidance includes preparation for occurrence of clusters in both community and institutional settings. Identification of clusters in the community requires real-time monitoring of suicidal behaviour. Effective intervention is more likely if a cluster response group is established than if no such group exists. The response should include bereavement support, provision of help for susceptible individuals, proactive engagement with media interest, and population-based approaches to support and prevention. Social media can provide a powerful means for disseminating information and reaching young people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicole T M Hill
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Madelyn Gould
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ann John
- Division of Applied Population Data Science, Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Karen Lascelles
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to complement the scant macroeconomic literature on the development outcomes of social media by examining the relationship between Facebook penetration and violent crime levels in a cross-section of 148 countries for the year 2012.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical evidence is based on ordinary least squares (OLS), Tobit and quantile regressions. In order to respond to policy concerns on the limited evidence on the consequences of social media in developing countries, the data set is disaggregated into regions and income levels. The decomposition by income levels included: low income, lower middle income, upper middle income and high income. The corresponding regions include: Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.FindingsFrom OLS and Tobit regressions, there is a negative relationship between Facebook penetration and crime. However, quantile regressions reveal that the established negative relationship is noticeable exclusively in the 90th crime quantile. Further, when the data set is decomposed into regions and income levels, the negative relationship is evident in the MENA while a positive relationship is confirmed for Sub-Saharan Africa. Policy implications are discussed.Originality/valueStudies on the development outcomes of social media are sparse because of a lack of reliable macroeconomic data on social media. This study primarily complemented three existing studies that have leveraged on a newly available data set on Facebook.
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Ferreira RDS, Martin IDS, Zanetti ACG, Vedana KGG. [News coverage on suicides published in Brazilian news media channels]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 26:1565-1574. [PMID: 33886783 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021264.12882019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed how news coverage about suicides is published in the Brazilian electronic media and evaluated if the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) were complied with in the online media. This quantitative, documentary and retrospective study investigated 89 published news items about suicide in 2017 in the Brazilian newspaper sites with the largest circulation. Descriptive statistics and tests of association were used for data analysis. The majority of news items contained neither content to be avoided nor aspects recommended by the WHO. The most frequent characteristics of the reported cases do not correspond directly to the epidemiological profile of suicidal behavior, but to media interests. Actions are needed to foster media involvement in suicide prevention, dissemination of resources and strategies to support and reduce stigma and the contagion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Ferreira
- Curso de Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). R. Prof. Hélio Lourenço 3900, Vila Monte Alegre. 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
| | - Isabela Dos Santos Martin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Guidorizzi Zanetti
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
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30
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Andriessen K, Reifels L, Krysinska K, Robinson J, Dempster G, Pirkis J. Ethical Concerns in Suicide Research: Results of an International Researcher Survey. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2019; 14:383-394. [PMID: 31291798 DOI: 10.1177/1556264619859734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Researchers and research ethics committees share a common goal of conducting ethically sound research. However, little is known of researchers' experiences in obtaining ethics approval for suicide-related studies. This study aimed to investigate what concerns researchers have received on suicide-related ethics applications and how they dealt with it. Thirty-four respondents, recruited through the International Association for Suicide Prevention, filled out an online survey. The study found that researchers have received important concerns regarding potential harm and researchers' responsibilities to participants. Researchers modified their application and/or consulted their research ethics committee in response to the concerns, which had a positive/neutral impact on their given study. Anticipating concerns and improved collaboration between researchers and research ethics committees should protect the quality of suicide prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolina Krysinska
- 1 The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- 2 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jane Pirkis
- 1 The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Aschbrenner KA, Naslund JA, Tomlinson EF, Kinney A, Pratt SI, Brunette MF. Adolescents' Use of Digital Technologies and Preferences for Mobile Health Coaching in Public Mental Health Settings. Front Public Health 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 31312629 PMCID: PMC6614191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Youth with mental illnesses often engage in unhealthy behaviors associated with early mortality from physical diseases in adulthood, but interventions to support positive health behaviors are rarely offered as part of routine mental health care for this group. Digital health technology that is desirable, accessible, and affordable has the potential to address health behaviors in public mental health settings where many adolescents with severe mental health problems receive care. The aims of this study were to examine how adolescents receiving public mental health services use digital technology and social media and to explore their preferences using technology to support health and wellness. Methods: Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, we surveyed adolescents ages 13–18 from four community mental health centers in one state and conducted focus group interviews to explore their perspectives on using digital technology and social media to receive health coaching and connect with peers to support healthy behaviors. The survey and focus group data were merged to inform the future development of a digital health intervention for adolescents receiving public mental health services. Results: Of 121 survey respondents (mean age 15.2, SD = 1.5), 92% had a cell phone, 79% had a smartphone, 90% used text messaging, and 98% used social media. Focus group interviews revealed that adolescents were interested in receiving strengths-based mobile health coaching, and they preferred structured online peer-to-peer interactions in which a professional moderator promotes positive connections and adherence to privacy guidelines. Conclusions: Adolescents receiving public mental health services in this study had access to smartphones and were frequent social media users. These data suggest that digital health interventions to promote health and wellness among adolescents may be scalable in community mental health settings. Adolescent participants suggested that digital health interventions for this group should focus on strengths and online peer support for health promotion should include a professional moderator to foster and manage peer-to-peer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic, Merrimack, NH, United States
| | - John A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Allison Kinney
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic, Merrimack, NH, United States
| | - Sarah I Pratt
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic, Merrimack, NH, United States
| | - Mary F Brunette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic, Merrimack, NH, United States
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32
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Cheng Q, Shum AKY, Ip FWL, Wong HK, Yip WKK, Kam AHL, Yip PSF. Co-Creation and Impacts of a Suicide Prevention Video. CRISIS 2019; 41:7-14. [PMID: 31066312 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth suicide has become an emerging public health challenge globally. In this study we leveraged the power of social media to better engage the youth population. Aims: We aimed to investigate the impacts of promoting suicide prevention through social media and evaluate the co-creation process of the project with a popular YouTuber in Hong Kong. Method: A YouTube suicide prevention short film was co-produced by the YouTuber and the research team. We examined the co-creation process using thematic analysis, and analyzed the YouTube video statistics and the data collected from the online survey and public comments. Results: The short film brought positive perceived changes in the audience's suicide prevention knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Three facilitating factors and one challenge of the co-creation process were identified. The short film statistics and demographics of the audience were also extracted and analyzed. Limitations: There was a small sample size and a lack of a control group in this study. Conclusion: Suicide prevention promotion by the YouTuber was promising. This study demonstrates the effectiveness in promoting suicide prevention via social media and provides a framework for future studies to evaluate similar forms of collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Cheng
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Angie Kwan Yu Shum
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Flora Wai Lam Ip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ho Kit Wong
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wilson Kam Kai Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Aron Hin Lun Kam
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul S F Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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33
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Lopez-Castroman J, Moulahi B, Azé J, Bringay S, Deninotti J, Guillaume S, Baca-Garcia E. Mining social networks to improve suicide prevention: A scoping review. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:616-625. [PMID: 30809836 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention about the risks of online social networks (SNs) has been called upon reports describing their use to express emotional distress and suicidal ideation or plans. On the Internet, cyberbullying, suicide pacts, Internet addiction, and "extreme" communities seem to increase suicidal behavior (SB). In this study, the scientific literature about SBs and SNs was narratively reviewed. Some authors focus on detecting at-risk populations through data mining, identification of risks factors, and web activity patterns. Others describe prevention practices on the Internet, such as websites, screening, and applications. Targeted interventions through SNs are also contemplated when suicidal ideation is present. Multiple predictive models should be defined, implemented, tested, and combined in order to deal with the risk of SB through an effective decision support system. This endeavor might require a reorganization of care for SNs users presenting suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- INSERM U888, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHRU Nimes, Nimes, France.,Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bilel Moulahi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Azé
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Bringay
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Paul-Valery University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sebastien Guillaume
- INSERM U888, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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34
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Wang Z, Yu G, Tian X. Exploring Behavior of People with Suicidal Ideation in a Chinese Online Suicidal Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010054. [PMID: 30587805 PMCID: PMC6339245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
People with suicidal ideation (PSI) are increasingly using social media to express suicidal feelings. Researchers have found that their internet-based communication may lead to the spread of suicidal ideation, which presents a set of challenges for suicide prevention. To develop effective prevention and intervention strategies that can be efficiently applied in online communities, we need to understand the behavior of PSI in internet-based communities. However, to date there have been no studies that specifically focus on the behavior of PSI in Chinese online communities. A total of 4489 postings in which users explicitly expressed their suicidal ideation were labeled from 560,000 postings in an internet-based suicidal community on Weibo (one of the biggest social media platforms in China) to explore their behavior. The results reveal that PSI are significantly more active than other users in the community. With the use of social network analysis, we also found that the more frequently users communicate with PSI, the more likely that users would become suicidal. In addition, Chinese women may be more likely to be at risk of suicide than men in the community. This study enriches our knowledge of PSI’s behavior in online communities, which may contribute to detecting and assisting PSI on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xianyun Tian
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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35
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Majeed MH, Arooj S, Afzal MY, Ali AA, Mirza T. Live suicide attempts on Facebook. Can we surf to save? Australas Psychiatry 2018; 26:671-672. [PMID: 30943754 DOI: 10.1177/1039856218794878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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The #chatsafe project. Developing guidelines to help young people communicate safely about suicide on social media: A Delphi study. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 30439958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many countries have developed guidelines advocating for responsible reporting of suicidal behaviour in traditional media. However, the increasing popularity of social media, particularly among young people, means that complementary guidelines designed to facilitate safe peer-peer communication are required. The aim of this study was to develop a set of evidence informed guidelines to assist young people to communicate about suicide via social media with the input of young people as active participants of the study. METHODS Systematic searches of the peer-reviewed and grey literature were conducted resulting in a 284-item questionnaire identifying strategies for safe communication about suicide online. The questionnaire was delivered over two rounds to two panels consisting of Australian youth advocates; and international suicide prevention researchers and media and communications specialists. Items were rerated if they were endorsed by 70-79.5% of both panels, or if 80% or more of one panel rated the item as essential or important. All items that were endorsed as essential or important by at least 80% of both panels were included in the final guidelines. RESULTS A total of 173 items were included in the final guidelines. These items were organised into the following five sections: 1) Before you post anything online about suicide; 2) Sharing your own thoughts, feelings, or experience with suicidal behaviour online; 3) Communicating about someone you know who is affected by suicidal thoughts, feelings or behaviours; 4) Responding to someone who may be suicidal; 5) Memorial websites, pages and closed groups to honour the deceased. DISCUSSION This is the first study to develop a set of evidence-informed guidelines to support young people to talk safely about suicide on social media. It is hoped that they will be a useful resource for young people and those who support them (e.g., parents, teachers, community workers and health professionals).
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37
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Robinson J, Hill NTM, Thorn P, Battersby R, Teh Z, Reavley NJ, Pirkis J, Lamblin M, Rice S, Skehan J. The #chatsafe project. Developing guidelines to help young people communicate safely about suicide on social media: A Delphi study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206584. [PMID: 30439958 PMCID: PMC6237326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many countries have developed guidelines advocating for responsible reporting of suicidal behaviour in traditional media. However, the increasing popularity of social media, particularly among young people, means that complementary guidelines designed to facilitate safe peer-peer communication are required. The aim of this study was to develop a set of evidence informed guidelines to assist young people to communicate about suicide via social media with the input of young people as active participants of the study. METHODS Systematic searches of the peer-reviewed and grey literature were conducted resulting in a 284-item questionnaire identifying strategies for safe communication about suicide online. The questionnaire was delivered over two rounds to two panels consisting of Australian youth advocates; and international suicide prevention researchers and media and communications specialists. Items were rerated if they were endorsed by 70-79.5% of both panels, or if 80% or more of one panel rated the item as essential or important. All items that were endorsed as essential or important by at least 80% of both panels were included in the final guidelines. RESULTS A total of 173 items were included in the final guidelines. These items were organised into the following five sections: 1) Before you post anything online about suicide; 2) Sharing your own thoughts, feelings, or experience with suicidal behaviour online; 3) Communicating about someone you know who is affected by suicidal thoughts, feelings or behaviours; 4) Responding to someone who may be suicidal; 5) Memorial websites, pages and closed groups to honour the deceased. DISCUSSION This is the first study to develop a set of evidence-informed guidelines to support young people to talk safely about suicide on social media. It is hoped that they will be a useful resource for young people and those who support them (e.g., parents, teachers, community workers and health professionals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole T. M. Hill
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pinar Thorn
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rikki Battersby
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe Teh
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola J. Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Lamblin
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaelea Skehan
- Everymind, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Cleary M, Visentin D, West S, Foong A, McLean L, Kornhaber R. Suicide by charcoal burning: a digital age phenomenon. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:1443-1445. [PMID: 29364536 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denis Visentin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Foong
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Loyola McLean
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Psychotherapy Program, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney West and Greater Southern Psychiatry Training Network, Cumberland Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ortiz P, Khin Khin E. Traditional and new media's influence on suicidal behavior and contagion. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2018; 36:245-256. [PMID: 29659071 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of nonfictional and fictional media in suicide contagion has been well established, ostensibly beginning with the publication of Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther in 1774. In recent decades, the emergence of several new forms of media (e.g. websites, social media, blogs, smartphone applications) has revolutionized the communication and social interaction paradigms. This article reviews "the Werther effect" (or suicide contagion related to media), special populations who are more influential or susceptible, current media reporting guidelines and their effectiveness, and the latest research on new media and its effect on suicide and suicide contagion. The aim is to update recommendations on how to mitigate the potential negative effects of both traditional and new media on suicidal behavior and suicide contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ortiz
- George Washington University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eindra Khin Khin
- George Washington University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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