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Arocha Rodulfo JI, Fariñez GA. The complexity of cardiovascular risk in women. Descriptive review. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024:S0214-9168(24)00085-8. [PMID: 39384526 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the greatest threat to the health of women and is the leading cause of death amongst women globally; however, cardiovascular disease in women remains understudied, under-recognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. The aim of this descriptive review is to summarize the existing problem and to identify the knowledge gaps in cardiovascular disease research, prevention, treatment, and access to care for women. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a descriptive review of the literature based on numerous articles published in peer-reviewed journals since the beginning of this century related to the spectrum of cardiovascular disease in women. RESULTS There are several obstacles to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes in women. One of them is the lack of reliable, effective screening modalities since her participation in clinical trial is quite low. Other concern is the complexity of the female organism with several hormonal changes during her life and the hemodynamics stress during pregnancy. Moreover, in the last stage of their life several cardiometabolic risk factor may appear, most of them not recognized by the health team in primary care attention. DISCUSSION Effective strategies are required to address inequalities in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heart disease in women; to advance innovative solutions for early detection and oriented management; to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to sex-specific differences in outcomes; and finally, reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gestne Aure Fariñez
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
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2
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Nazli SA, Rosman A, Mohd Kasim NA, Al-Khateeb A, Ul-Saufie AZ, Md Radzi AB, Ibrahim KS, Kasim SS, Nawawi H. Coronary risk factor profiles according to different age categories in premature coronary artery disease patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15326. [PMID: 38961082 PMCID: PMC11222582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the coronary risk factors (CRFs) among premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) patients. However, reports on the proportion and CRFs of PCAD according to different age cut-offs for PCAD is globally under-reported. This study aimed to determine the proportion of PCAD patients and analyse the significant CRFs according to different age cut-offs among percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-treated patients. Patients who underwent PCI between 2007 and 2018 in two cardiology centres were included (n = 29,241) and were grouped into four age cut-off groups that defines PCAD: (A) Males/females: < 45, (B) Males: < 50; Females: < 55, (C) Males: < 55; Females: < 60 and (D) Males: < 55; Females: < 65 years old. The average proportion of PCAD was 28%; 9.2% for group (A), 21.5% for group (B), 38.6% and 41.9% for group (C) and (D), respectively. The top three CRFs of PCAD were LDL-c level, TC level and hypertension (HTN). Malay ethnicity, smoking, obesity, family history of PCAD, TC level and history of MI were the independent predictors of PCAD across all age groups. The proportion of PCAD in Malaysia is higher compared to other studies. The most significant risk factors of PCAD are LDL-c, TC levels and HTN. Early prevention, detection and management of the modifiable risk factors are highly warranted to prevent PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukma Azureen Nazli
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azhari Rosman
- Institut Jantung Negara (IJN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alyaa Al-Khateeb
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie
- Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sazzli Shahlan Kasim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Cardiac Vascular and Lung Research Institute (CaVaLRI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Nawawi
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Patel N, Mittal N, Wilkinson MJ, Taub PR. Unique features of dyslipidemia in women across a lifetime and a tailored approach to management. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100666. [PMID: 38634109 PMCID: PMC11021917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a critical modifiable risk factor for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia affects a large population of women and is especially pervasive within racial/ethnic minorities. Recent Findings Dyslipidemia in pregnancy leads to worse outcomes for patients and creates increased cardiovascular risk for women at an older age. However, women remain underscreened and undertreated compared to men. Females also comprise a small portion of clinical trial participants for lipid lowering agents with increased disease prevalence compared to trial representation. However, recent lipid trials have shown different efficacies of therapies such as ezetimibe, inclisiran, and bempedoic acid with a greater relative benefit for women. Summary Pathophysiology of dyslipidemia varies between men and women and across a woman's lifetime. While increased lipid levels or lipid imbalances are more common in postmenopausal women over age 50, conditions such as PCOS and FH produce higher cardiovascular risk for young women.Best practices for management of women with dyslipidemia include early screening with lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy with statin and non-statin agents to achieve guideline directed LDL-C thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeja Patel
- University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Pam R. Taub
- University of California, San Diego, United States
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Bradshaw L, Buniam J, Betts JA, Gonzalez JT. Are there sex differences in the variability of fasting metabolism? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1450-1459. [PMID: 38634507 PMCID: PMC11365542 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00053.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is evidence across species and across many traits that males display greater between-individual variance. In contrast, (premenopausal) females display large within-individual variance in sex hormone concentrations, which can increase within-individual variance in many other parameters. The latter may contribute to the lower representation of females in metabolic research. This study is a pooled secondary analysis of data from seven crossover studies to investigate the between-individual and the within-individual variance in fasting plasma metabolites, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body mass. Females demonstrated higher within-individual variability of plasma 17β-estradiol [coefficient of variation (CV): 15 ± 15% for males vs. 38 ± 34% for females, P < 0.001] and progesterone concentrations (CV: 13 ± 11% for males vs. 52 ± 51% for females, P < 0.001) but there were no meaningful differences in the variability of plasma glucose (CV: 4 ± 3% for males vs. 5 ± 5% for females), insulin, lactate, triglycerides (CV: 15 ± 9% for males vs. 15 ± 10% for females), and esterified fatty acid concentrations or in RMR and body mass (CV: 0.43 ± 0.34% for males vs. for 0.42 ± 0.33% females; P > 0.05 for all outcomes). Males displayed higher between-individual variance in RMR compared with females (SD: 224 kcal·day-1 for males vs. 151 kcal·day-1 for females). In conclusion, these data do not provide evidence that females show greater within-individual variability in many fasting metabolic variables, RMR, or body mass compared with males. We conclude that including females in metabolic research is unlikely to introduce greater within-individual variance when using the recruitment and control procedures described in these studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To investigate the within-individual variability in metabolic parameters in males and females, we performed a pooled secondary analysis of fasting blood samples, resting metabolic rate, and body mass from seven crossover studies. We found a greater day-to-day variation in 17β-estradiol and progesterone in females compared with males but no meaningful difference in within-individual variability of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lactate, triglycerides, NEFA, resting metabolic rate, or body mass between females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bradshaw
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jariya Buniam
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Pisek A, McKinney CM, Muktabhant B, Pitiphat W. Maternal Metabolic Status and Orofacial Cleft Risk: A Case-Control Study in Thailand. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00061-3. [PMID: 38614877 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested to play a role in congenital defects. This study investigated the association of MetS and its components with orofacial clefts (OFCs). METHODS We conducted a case-control study in Northeast Thailand. Ninety-four cases with cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, were frequency matched with 94 controls on the infant's age and mother's education. We administered a mother's health questionnaire and collected anthropometric measurements and blood samples. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed among infants without a family history of OFCs, mothers who were not currently breastfeeding, and mothers who were >6 months postpartum. RESULTS When compared to mothers of normal weight, the OR associated with OFCs were 2.44 (95% CI, 1.04-5.76, P = .04) in overweight mothers, and 3.30 (95% CI, 1.14-9.57, P = .03) in obese mothers. Low HDL-C raised the risk of OFCs 2.95 times (95% CI, 1.41-6.14, P = .004) compared to normal HDL-C levels. Mothers with 4 or 5 features of MetS were 2.77 times as likely to have the affected child than those who did not (95% CI, 0.43-17.76), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .28). Subgroup analyses showed similar results, uncovering an additional significant association between underweight mothers and OFCs. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a robust association between underweight and overweight/obese maternal body mass index and increased OFC risk. Additionally, low HDL-C in mothers is linked to an elevated risk of OFCs. Further research is needed to evaluate if promoting strategies to maintain optimal body weight and enhance HDL-C levels in reproductive-age and pregnant women icould contribute to a reduction of the risk of OFCs in their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Pisek
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Christy M McKinney
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benja Muktabhant
- Department of Public Health Administration, Health Promotion and Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Chibuogwu IC, Nwannenna AI, Ogwu D, Garba M, Ubah SA, Ajayi IE. Endocrine disruptors in Adansonia digitata (Linn) extract induce alteration of female Wistar rats' oestrous cycle, hormone and lipid profiles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114385. [PMID: 37722461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hexane-acetyl acetate (HAAF) and acetyl acetate-methanol fractions (AAMF) but not aqueous methanol (AQMF) and aqueous fractions (AQF) of Adansonia digitata Linn root bark induce reproductive effects in female Wistar rats. The current study investigated the exclusive components of HAAF, AAMF, AQMF, and AQF of Adansonia digitata Linn root bark and the effect of AAMF on the female Wistar rat's oestrous cycle progression, and hormone and lipid profiles. METHODOLOGY Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry explored the components of HAAF, AAMF, AQMF, and AQF. Mature female Wistar rats with a proven 4-5-days oestrous cycle were synchronised and randomly assigned into three treatment groups of 30 rats each on the day of proestrus. For seven days, rats in the different groups received 0, 150, and 300 mg kg-1 body weights of AAMF, respectively. Six rats were euthanised from each group based on a standard oestrous stage-timed sequence. The oestrous stage, hormone profile (oestrogen, progesterone, progesterone/oestrogen ratio, and FSH) and lipid profile (Total cholesterol-TC, Triglycerols, High-HD and low density-LD lipid cholesterol) of the euthanised rats were determined. RESULTS tricosene, cyclopentadecanone 2-hydroxy-, oleic acid, and 9,17-octadecadienal, were exclusively found in HAAF and AAMF. The oestrous stage, serum hormone and lipids varied significantly (p < 0.05) between treatment groups. AAMF fraction induced sustained progesterone levels and depleted oestrogen levels, and TC and LDL were inversely related to serum oestrogen levels. DISCUSSION The results suggest a depression of oestrogen and sustenance of progesterone-mediated effects, respectively, on GnRH surge. Oleic acid in AAMF may be responsible for its reproductive effects. CONCLUSION AAMF fraction of A. digitata (L) root bark disrupts the endocrine activity in female Wistar rats. The oleic acid component of the AAMF fraction may be responsible for modulating the activities of reproductive hormones. The authors recommend further studies to ascertain the significance of Adansonia digitata extract's oleic acid in regulating the female reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Chika Chibuogwu
- Department of Theriogenology and Production, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Agnes Ifeyinwa Nwannenna
- Department of Theriogenology and Production, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - David Ogwu
- Department of Theriogenology and Production, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Magaji Garba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Simon Azubuike Ubah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Itopa Etudaye Ajayi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
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Roeters van Lennep JE, Tokgözoğlu LS, Badimon L, Dumanski SM, Gulati M, Hess CN, Holven KB, Kavousi M, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Lutgens E, Michos ED, Prescott E, Stock JK, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Wermer MJH, Benn M. Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4157-4173. [PMID: 37611089 PMCID: PMC10576616 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu I Santa Pau, Ciber CV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra M Dumanski
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Calgary, Canada
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Connie N Hess
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora and CPC Clinical Research Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meral Kayıkçıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, SE-412 51 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology at University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rugvedh P, Gundreddy P, Wandile B. The Menstrual Cycle's Influence on Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47292. [PMID: 38022155 PMCID: PMC10656370 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The menstrual cycle, a fundamental biological process in women, extends its influence beyond reproduction, impacting sleep duration and cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate connections that bind these three vital aspects of women's health. Beginning with thoroughly exploring the menstrual cycle, we uncover its phases and the dynamic hormonal fluctuations that underlie each stage. We pay special attention to estrogen and progesterone, the primary sex hormones orchestrating the menstrual cycle. With their rhythmic rise and fall, these hormones orchestrate events, affecting sleep duration, sleep patterns, and various indicators of cardiovascular well-being. The review examines how the menstrual cycle influences sleep patterns, exploring the nuanced changes in sleep duration observed throughout menstrual phases. We elucidate the contributing factors, encompassing hormonal fluctuations, the impact of pain and discomfort, and the significance of emotional and psychological factors. All of these elements collectively contribute to variations in sleep quality. Shifting our focus to the cardiovascular system, we investigate the bidirectional relationships between sleep disturbances and cardiovascular conditions, emphasizing the need to address sleep-related issues in the context of cardiovascular risk. The menstrual cycle is analyzed as a pivotal mediator in these intricate connections, exploring how hormonal fluctuations across menstrual phases can influence sleep patterns and cardiovascular health. This analysis provides valuable insights into the complex causality web. As clinical implications emerge, we emphasize the importance of tailoring healthcare strategies for individuals with irregular menstrual cycles. We explore potential interventions, from personalized care and hormone management to lifestyle adjustments, to improve sleep and cardiovascular well-being. In conclusion, this comprehensive review sheds light on the interplay between the menstrual cycle, sleep duration, and cardiovascular health. It underscores the urgent necessity for personalized healthcare approaches and preventive strategies, empowering women to navigate these intricate relationships. Ultimately, through a nuanced understanding of these interactions, we can work towards enhancing women's overall well-being and reducing cardiovascular risk within the context of menstrual cycle-related influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padigela Rugvedh
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ppavani Gundreddy
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Wandile
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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10
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Bourrie BCT, Forgie AJ, Makarowski A, Cotter PD, Richard C, Willing BP. Consumption of kefir made with traditional microorganisms resulted in greater improvements in LDL cholesterol and plasma markers of inflammation in males when compared to a commercial kefir: a randomized pilot study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:668-677. [PMID: 37224566 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kefir has long been associated with health benefits; however, recent evidence suggests that these benefits are dependent on the specific microbial composition of the kefir consumed. This study aimed to compare how consumption of a commercial kefir without traditional kefir organisms and a pitched kefir containing traditional organisms affected plasma lipid levels, glucose homeostasis, and markers of endothelial function and inflammation in males with elevated LDL cholesterol. We utilized a crossover design in n = 21 participants consisting of two treatments of 4 weeks each in random order separated by a 4-week washout. Participants received either commercial kefir or pitched kefir containing traditional kefir organisms for each treatment period. Participants consumed 2 servings of kefir (350 g) per day. Plasma lipid profile, glucose, insulin, markers of endothelial function, and inflammation were measured in the fasting state before and after each treatment period. Differences within each treatment period and comparison of treatment delta values were performed using paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. When compared to baseline, pitched kefir consumption reduced LDL-C, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, while commercial kefir consumption increased TNF-α. Pitched kefir consumption resulted in greater reductions in IL-8, CRP, VCAM-1, and TNF-α when compared to commercial kefir consumption. These findings provide strong evidence that microbial composition is an important factor in the metabolic health benefits associated with kefir consumption. They also provide support for larger studies examining these to assess whether traditional kefir organisms are necessary to confer health benefits to individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C T Bourrie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Forgie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroline Richard
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Tsirka A. Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Health: Hormonal Effects on Cardiovascular Risk and Management. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 282:201-218. [PMID: 37468722 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide both in men and women. Significant differences however exist in the age of onset, type of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and treatment response among the genders. These differences are due to both gender societal effects and biological differences from the influence of the hormonal and metabolic milieu in the two sexes.Estrogens are the main female hormone. They impact signaling in almost every body organ and thus affect cardiovascular risk factors. These result in differential expression of CVD. The differential effect of treatment modalities is only recently being evaluated.Research is ongoing regarding the pathophysiology of these differences. Our current level of knowledge is described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tsirka
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
- St Christopher's Children's Hospital, Drexel University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Butler AE, Moin ASM, Reiner Ž, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A, Atkin SL. High density lipoprotein-associated proteins in non-obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117761. [PMID: 37181037 PMCID: PMC10171110 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia frequently occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear whether dyslipidemia is due to obesity and insulin resistance (IR) or is inherent to PCOS. To address this, proteomic analysis of proteins important in lipid metabolism, particularly for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was performed in non-obese, non-insulin resistant PCOS women compared to matched controls. Methods Weight and aged-matched non-obese subjects with PCOS (n=24) and without IR were compared with control women (n=24). 19 proteins were measured by Somalogic proteomic analysis: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, M, clusterin, complement C3, hemopexin, heparin cofactor-II (HCFII), kininogen-1, serum amyloid A-1, amyloid beta A-4 and paraoxonase-1. Results Women with PCOS had a higher free androgen index (FAI) (p<0.001) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) (p<0.001), but IR and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, did not differ from controls (p>0.05). The triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio was elevated (p=0.03) in PCOS. Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels were lower (p<0.05) and complement C3 levels were higher (p=0.001) in PCOS. C3 correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.59, p=0.001), IR (r=0.63, p=0.0005) and CRP (r=0.42, p=0.04) in women with PCOS, though no correlations of these parameters with alpha-1-antitrypsin were found. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and levels of the other 17 lipoprotein metabolism-associated proteins did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). However, in PCOS, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.40, p<0.04) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.42, p<0.03), apoM correlated positively with CRP (r=0.36, p<0.04) and HCFII correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.34, p<0.04). Conclusion In PCOS subjects, when obesity, IR and inflammation confounders were absent, alpha-1-antitrypsin was lower and complement C3 was higher than in non-PCOS women, suggesting increased cardiovascular risk; however, subsequent obesity related IR/inflammation likely stimulates other HDL-associated protein abnormalities, thus increasing cardiovascular risk further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Butler, ;
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
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13
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Adank MC, Johansen AK, Benschop L, Van Streun SP, Smak Gregoor AM, Øyri LKL, Mulder MT, Steegers EAP, Holven KB, Roeters van Lennep JE. Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy as a predictor of childhood lipid levels: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:588. [PMID: 35870883 PMCID: PMC9308255 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are associated with maternal health and foetal growth. It is however unclear if maternal lipids in early pregnancy can be used to predict childhood lipid levels. The aim of this study is to assess the association between maternal and offspring childhood lipid levels, and to investigate the influence of maternal BMI and diet on these associations. Methods This study included 2692 women participating in the Generation R study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study from early life onwards. Women with an expected delivery date between 2002 and 2006 living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands were included. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured in early pregnancy (median 13.2 weeks [90% range 10.6; 17.1]). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), remnant cholesterol and non-HDL-c were calculated. Corresponding lipid measurements were determined in 2692 children at the age of 6 (median 6.0 years [90% range 5.7; 7.5]) and 1673 children 10 years (median 9.7 years [90% range 9.5; 10.3]). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy and the corresponding childhood lipid measurements at the ages of 6 and 10 years while adjusting for confounders. Results Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are positively associated with corresponding childhood lipid levels 6 and 10 years after pregnancy, independent of maternal body mass index and diet. Conclusions Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy may provide an insight to the lipid profile of children years later. Gestational lipid levels may therefore be used as an early predictor of children’s long-term health. Monitoring of these gestational lipid levels may give a window-of-opportunity to start early interventions to decrease offspring’s lipid levels and possibly diminish their cardiovascular risk later in life. Future studies are warranted to investigate the genetic contribution on maternal lipid levels in pregnancy and lipid levels of their offspring years later. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04905-7.
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14
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Identification of different lipoprotein response types in people following a Mediterranean diet pattern with and without whole eggs. Nutr Res 2022; 105:82-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Pourhabibi-Zarandi F, Rafraf M, Zayeni H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ebrahimi AA. Effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors and obesity values in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1797-1806. [PMID: 35178811 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to cartilage damage with mostly accompanied by metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters (lipid profile and glycemic indices), inflammatory factors, visfatin levels, and obesity values in women with RA. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 48 women with RA. The patients were treated with curcumin (500 mg once a day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and physical activity levels of subjects were collected at baseline and the end of the study. Curcumin supplementation significantly decreased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and triglycerides, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference of patients compared with the placebo at the end of the study (p < .05 for all). HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels significantly increased within the placebo group. Changes in fasting blood sugar, insulin, other lipids profile, and visfatin levels were not significant in any of the groups (p > .05). These results support the consumption of curcumin, as a part of an integrated approach to modulate metabolic factors, inflammation, and adiposity in women with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourhabibi-Zarandi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Zayeni
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Rheumatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Ebrahimi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lin XL, Baisley J, Bier A, Vora D, Holub B. Transgenic Canola Oil Improved Blood Omega-3 Profiles: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847114. [PMID: 35360684 PMCID: PMC8960439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-ω3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play key roles in physiological functions and disease prevention. The nutrient gap in meeting LC-ω3 intake recommendations in the U.S. and globally can be addressed by alternative sources of LC-ω3. This randomized, placebo-controlled, seamless phase I/II study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a transgenic LC-ω3-rich canola oil in healthy adults. Participants (n = 33/group) were randomized to receive low-, mid-, or high-dose of the LC-ω3-rich oil (providing 285, 570, or 1,140 mg LC-ω3 PUFA, respectively) or placebo (corn oil). After one dose, plasma ω3 (primary outcome) levels were assessed over a 72 h pharmacokinetic period. Whole blood and red blood cells (RBC) ω3 and serum cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed during a 16-week continuation period with daily supplementation. Compared to low-dose and placebo, high-dose group showed greater DHA AUC0−72h and Cmax. A linear response was observed for DHA and EPA AUC0−72h. Compared to placebo, high- and mid-dose groups showed increased whole blood DHA, EPA, α-linolenic acids (ALA) (high-dose only), omega-3 score, and omega-3 index after 4 weeks, and increased DHA and EPA in RBC after 16 weeks (P < 0.05). No changes in cardiovascular biomarkers were seen. Overall, this LC-ω3-rich oil demonstrated good DHA bioavailability and significantly improved short and long-term blood LC-ω3 profiles. Sixteen weeks of daily supplementation of the LC-ω3-rich oil was safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lois Lin
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Baisley
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joshua Baisley
| | - Anthony Bier
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Drasty Vora
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Holub
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Sharma J, McAlister J, Aggarwal NR, Wei J, Mehta PK, Quesada O, Mattina D, Scott NS, Michos ED, Mahmoud Z, Kurrelmeyer K, Moraes De Oliveira GM, Lindley KJ. Evaluation and Management of Blood Lipids Through a Woman's Life Cycle. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 10:100333. [PMID: 35345879 PMCID: PMC8956895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no sex-specific guidelines for evaluation and management of lipids. Lipids are impacted by normal hormonal changes in women throughout their life cycle. Management of lipids should incorporate sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors at each stage. Future objectives should focus on increasing women's presence in trials of lipid-lowering therapies.
There are currently no sex-specific guidelines for evaluation and management of blood lipids. While previous guidelines acknowledge sex-specific risk enhancing factors for lipid management in women for CVD prevention, this review focuses on how lipids are impacted during normal hormonal changes throughout a woman's life cycle- during adolescence, pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, pre- and perimenopause, menopause, and at older ages. In this review, the authors focus on management of primary prevention of CVD by examining sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors at each stage and pay special attention to statin use, statin side effects and non-statin therapies. Women need to understand their personalized cholesterol goals and ally with their clinicians to ensure successful management. Additionally, we highlight the biases that exist when treating dyslipidemia in women and the special care clinicians should take to ensure appropriate and aggressive therapies are made available to female patients. Finally, the authors recommend future research should focus on increasing enrollment of women in lipid trials. This is of paramount importance in discovering sex-specific difference in lipid management.
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18
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Bharadwaj VN, Porreca F, Cowan RP, Kori S, Silberstein SD, Yeomans DC. A new hypothesis linking oxytocin to menstrual migraine. Headache 2021; 61:1051-1059. [PMID: 34125955 DOI: 10.1111/head.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the emerging understanding of oxytocin (OT) and oxytocin receptors (OTRs) in modulating menstrual-related migraine (MRM). BACKGROUND MRM is highly debilitating and less responsive to therapy, and attacks are of longer duration than nonmenstrually related migraine. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying MRM is lacking. METHODS We present a narrative literature review on the developing understanding of the role of OT and the OTR in MRM. Literature on MRM on PubMed/MEDLINE database including clinical trials and basic science publications was reviewed using specific keywords. RESULTS OT is a cyclically released hypothalamic hormone/neurotransmitter that binds to the OTR resulting in inhibition of trigeminal neuronal excitability that can promote migraine pain including that of MRM. Estrogen regulates OT release as well as expression of the OTR. Coincident with menstruation, levels of both estrogen and OT decrease. Additionally, other serum biochemical factors, including magnesium and cholesterol, which positively modulate the affinity of OT for OTRs, both decrease during menstruation. Thus, during menstruation, multiple menstrually associated factors may lead to decreased circulating OT levels, decreased OT affinity for OTR, and decreased expression of the trigeminal OTR. Consistent with the view of migraine as a threshold disorder, these events may collectively result in decreased inhibition promoting lower thresholds for activation of meningeal trigeminal nociceptors and increasing the likelihood of an MRM attack. CONCLUSION Trigeminal OTR may thus be a novel target for the development of MRM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala N Bharadwaj
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert P Cowan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David C Yeomans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Bergström H, Ekström L, Warnqvist A, Bergman P, Björkhem-Bergman L. Variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis during the menstrual cycle: a pilot study in healthy volunteers. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33879161 PMCID: PMC8058971 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome may introduce an underestimation of the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) as a surrogate marker. Recently, non-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and remnant-Cholesterol (remnant-C) have been suggested as better biomarkers for dyslipidemia. In addition, the microbial metabolites trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline have been associated with CVD and suggested as markers for dysbiosis. There is a lack of knowledge on potential alterations in these biomarkers during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this single center, prospective non-interventional study, was to investigate variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis in healthy volunteers during the menstrual cycle. METHOD Serum samples were collected from 17 healthy, regularly menstruating women during two menstrual cycles, including the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. Levels of lipoproteins, lipoprotein ratios and microbial metabolites were analyzed in a total of 90 samples (30 complete menstrual cycles). RESULTS ApoB, ApoB/HDL and non-HDL-C/HDL ratios were significantly higher in the follicular phase compared to the ovulatory and luteal phases (p < 0.05). Remnant-C were higher during the luteal phase (p < 0.05). TMAO did not vary during the different phases and did not correlate with estrogen levels. CONCLUSION Our data support that biomarkers for dyslipidemia vary during the menstrual cycle. Thus, to avoid an underestimation of cardiovascular risk, sampling during the follicular phase, when levels of pro-atherogenic lipids are higher, may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bergström
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Blickagången 16, Neo floor 7, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Lena Ekström
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Warnqvist
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunodeficiency Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linda Björkhem-Bergman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Blickagången 16, Neo floor 7, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Stockholms Sjukhem, Palliative Medicine, Mariebergsgatan 22, 112 19, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Wan EYF, Yu EYT, Chin WY, Lau CST, Mok AHY, Wang Y, Wong ICK, Chan EWY, Lam CLK. Greater variability in lipid measurements associated with kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a 10-year diabetes cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8047. [PMID: 33850209 PMCID: PMC8044222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations between variability of lipid parameters and the risk of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride were specifically addressed in this study. This retrospective cohort study included 105,552 patients aged 45-84 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal kidney function who were managed under Hong Kong public primary care clinics during 2008-2012. Those with kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 3 mg/mmol) were excluded. Variabilities of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride were determined using the standard deviation of the respective parameter obtained from a mixed effects model to minimize regression dilution bias. The associations between lipid variability and renal outcomes including incident kidney disease, renal function decline defined as ≥ 30% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate since baseline, and end-stage renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression. After a median follow-up of 66.5 months (0.5 million person-years in total), 49,653 kidney disease, 29,358 renal function decline, and 1765 end-stage renal disease cases were recorded. Positive linear associations between low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio variabilities and the risk of all renal outcomes were demonstrated. However, no association between triglyceride variability and any outcome was found. Each mmol/L increase in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol variability was associated with 20% (Hazard ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.15-1.25]), 38% (Hazard ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.30-1.45]), and 108% (Hazard ratio 2.08 [95% CI 1.74-2.50]) higher risk in incident kidney disease, renal function decline and end-stage renal disease respectively. Similarly, each unit increase in total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio variability was associated with 35% (Hazard ratio 1.15 [95% CI 1.10-1.20]), 33% (Hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 1.26-1.40]), and 75% (Hazard ratio 1.75 [95% CI 1.46-2.09]) heightened risk in incident kidney disease, renal function decline and end-stage renal disease respectively. Cholesterol variability may potentially be a useful predictor of kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Attention should be drawn to cholesterol variability when managing diabetic patients and further research is warranted to investigate the modifiable risk factors for lipid variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong.
| | - Esther Yee Tak Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
| | - Weng Yee Chin
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
| | - Christie Sze Ting Lau
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
| | - Anna Hoi Ying Mok
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Wai Yin Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, The University of Hong Kong, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
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Saenz C, Hooper S, Orange T, Knight A, Barragan M, Lynch T, Remenapp A, Coyle K, Winters C, Hausenblas H. Effect of a Free-Living Ketogenic Diet on Feasibility, Satiety, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health in Women: The Grading Level of Optimal Carbohydrate for Women (GLOW) Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 40:295-306. [PMID: 33705257 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1875338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's purpose was to examine a free-living, ketogenic diet (WFKD) on feasibility, satiety, body composition, and metabolic health in women. METHODS Twenty-two women (age (yr.) 42.2 ± 8.1, Ht. (cm) 164.2 ± 5.9, BMI 27.3 ± 6.0) participated in a 21-day, free-living dietary intervention. Daily ketone measurements and satiety/craving surveys, weekly diet records, and PRE and POST assessments of anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, and fasted capillary-blood glucose (BG) and cholesterol panels were collected. RESULTS Women maintained calories (PRE: 1938 kcal vs POST: 1836 kcal) and protein (PRE: 17% vs POST: 20%) but decreased carbohydrate (PRE: 36% vs POST: 13%) and increased fat (PRE: 45% vs POST: 65%) PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). Daily self-reports suggested no changes in satiety or food cravings between PRE, WK 1, WK 2, and WK 3. Ketones increased (PRE 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol vs POST 0.8 ± 0.6 mmol) PRE to POST with significant differences between PRE and all other time points (p ≤ 0.05). Bodyweight (PRE: 73.9 kg vs POST: 72.3 kg) and body fat (PRE: 28.9 ± 13.4 kg vs POST 27. 4 ± 13.5 kg) decreased but there were no differences in fat-free mass PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased (PRE: 119.2 ± 8.9 mmHg vs POST: 109.5 ± 10.9 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure increased (PRE: 74.1 ± 7.5 mmHg vs POST: 78.8 ± 7.4 mmHg), and BG improved (94.0 ± 8.3 mg/dL vs POST 89.9 ± 9.0 mg/dL) PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) but TC/HDL decreased and low-density lipoprotein increased PRE to POST (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Women were able to maintain calories, improve body composition, blood pressure, and BG, increase ketones, and improve some but not all cholesterol markers after 21 days on a free-living WFKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Saenz
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Hooper
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Terrance Orange
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashlyn Knight
- Clinical Mental Health Counseling, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Martin Barragan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tarah Lynch
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Abigail Remenapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Coyle
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Carena Winters
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather Hausenblas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Applied Health Sciences, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Choreographic Group-Based Fitness Classes Improve Cardiometabolic Health-Related Anthropometric Indices and Blood Lipids Profile in Overweight Sedentary Women. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Choreographic group-based fitness classes are the most common type of physical activity practiced by women, being a viable and sustainable strategy to improve general health. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a 16-week healthy lifestyle program, based on choreographic fitness classes, on cardiometabolic health-related anthropometric indices and metabolic blood profile among overweight sedentary women. Methods: A total of 50 overweight (Body Mass Index = 27.68 ± 1.19 kg/m2) middle-aged women (39.73 ± 7.41 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental exercise group based on structured choreographic fitness classes (CFC) with the Zumba Fitness program (3 days/week; 60 min/session) (CFC = 30) or a non-exercise control group (CG = 20). The anthropometric indices (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, a body shape index, conicity index, abdominal volume index, and body adiposity index), blood pressure, glycemia, and blood lipid profile [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)] were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Results: 40 participants competed the pre/post measures. Post-intervention, the CFC group (n = 25) presented a significant improvement in all anthropometric indices as well as in TG, HDL, and LDL as compared with the CG (n = 15). Conclusion: A 16-week healthy lifestyle program based on structured choreographic fitness classes with the Zumba Fitness program (3 days/week; 60 min/session) could significantly improve cardiometabolic health-related anthropometric indices and the blood lipid profile in overweight sedentary middle-aged women.
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Deficiency and absence of endogenous isoprene in adults, disqualified its putative origin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05922. [PMID: 33490682 PMCID: PMC7810773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isoprene (C5H8) is a clinically important breath metabolite. Although, hundreds of studies have reported differential expressions in isoprene exhalation as breath biomarker for diverse diseases, the substance couldn't enter to clinical practice as diagnostic marker. Moreover, many experimental/basic observations upon breath isoprene remained unrelated to the corresponding pathophysiological effects on its putative metabolic origin (i.e. mevalonate pathway). Here, we investigated the fundamental reason that hindered the rational interpretation and translation of this marker from basic to clinical science. Methods Via high-resolution mass-spectrometry based breathomics in 1026 human subjects, we discovered adults with significant deficiency (order of magnitude lower than the normal) and complete absence of breath isoprene. We prospectively applied real-time breathomics, quantitative gene expression analysis of the mevalonate pathway enzymes, lipid-profiling and hemodynamic monitoring on those isoprene deficient subjects and controls. Additionally, the subject with absence of isoprene was followed up throughout different phases of her womanhood. Results In contrast to convention, we witnessed that adults can live healthy without exhaling isoprene or with significant deficiency. This rare phenotype represents a recessive inheritance. Despite physio-metabolic changes during menstrual cycle (that is known to profoundly affect isoprene exhalation) and profoundly increased plasma cholesterol during pregnancy and after childbirth, isoprene remained absent. All genes of mevalonate pathway enzymes were normally expressed in all participants, without any down-regulation or compensatory up-regulation. Conclusions Absence/deficiency of isoprene despite normal lipid profiles and no mevalonate pathway malfunction disqualifies the long-believed metabolic origin of isoprene from cholesterol biosynthesis. Thus, clinical translation of breath isoprene expressions should not be generally attributed to corresponding pathophysiological effects onto mevalonate/cholesterol pathway. Our finding has refined and optimized the clinical interpretation of isoprene as biomarker in volatile metabolomics and breathomics. Future studies will address the correct metabolic origin of isoprene to imply this important marker to routine practice.
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24
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Wan EYF, Yu EYT, Chin WY, Barrett JK, Mok AHY, Lau CST, Wang Y, Wong ICK, Chan EWY, Lam CLK. Greater variability in lipid measurements associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality: A 10-year diabetes cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1777-1788. [PMID: 32452623 PMCID: PMC7540339 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations between variability in lipids and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes based on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), the total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and triglycerides (TG). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study included 125 047 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes aged 45-84 years without CVD during 2008-2012. The variability of LDL-C, TC to HDL-C and TG was determined using the standard deviation of variables in a mixed effects model to minimize regression dilution bias. The associations between variability in lipids and CVD and mortality risk were assessed by Cox regression. Subgroup analyses based on patients' baseline characteristics were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 19 913 CVD events and 15 329 mortalities were recorded after a median follow-up period of 77.5 months (0.8 million person-years), suggesting a positive linear relationship between variability in lipids and the risk of CVD and mortality. Each unit increase in the variability of LDL-C (mmol/L), the TC to HDL-C ratio and TG (mmol/L) was associated with a 27% (HR: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.20-1.34]), 31% (HR:1.31 [95% CI: 1.25-1.38]) and 9% (HR: 1.09 [95% CI: 1.04-1.15]) increase in the risk of composite endpoint of CVD and mortality, respectively. Age-specific effects were also found when comparing LDL-C variability, with patients aged 45-54 years (HR: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.42-2.02]) exhibiting a 53% increased risk for the composite endpoints than those aged 75-84 years (HR: 1.11 [95% CI: 1.01-1.23]). Similar age effects were observed for both the TC to HDL-C ratio and TG variability. Significant associations remained consistent among most of the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Variability in respective lipids are significant factors in predicting CVD and mortality in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes, with the strongest effects related to LDL-C and the TC to HDL-C ratio and most significant in the younger age group of patients aged 45-54 years. Further study is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. F. Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Esther Y. T. Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Weng Y. Chin
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jessica K. Barrett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Anna H. Y. Mok
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Christie S. T. Lau
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Esther W. Y. Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Cindy L. K. Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary CareThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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25
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Facial appearance and metabolic health biomarkers in women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13067. [PMID: 32747662 PMCID: PMC7398920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial appearance has been suggested to provide an honest cue of an individual’s biological condition. However, there is little direct evidence that facial attractiveness reflects actual health. Here we tested if facial appearance is related with metabolic health biomarkers. Face photographs of 161 healthy, young women (Mage = 28.59, SDage = 2.34) were assessed in terms of perceived attractiveness and health. Metabolic health was evaluated based on levels of markers of lipid and glucose metabolism balance, liver functioning, and inflammation. BMI, testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) levels were controlled. Facial attractiveness, but not health, was negatively related with lipid profile components detrimental to health (total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides) but not with relatively protective for health HDL. When controlled for BMI, E2, and T, only the relationship between attractiveness and triglycerides remained significant. Facial appearance was unrelated with glucose metabolism, liver functioning, and inflammatory markers. The results suggest, that for healthy women of reproductive age, such measures as BMI and sex hormone levels may be better predictors of attractiveness, compared to measures of metabolic health. Markers of lipid, glucose homeostasis, liver functioning or low-grade inflammation may be rather indicators of future health, of lesser importance in mating context, thus only modestly reflected in facial appearance.
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26
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Pfalzer AC, Wages PA, Porter NA, Bowman AB. Striatal Cholesterol Precursors Are Altered with Age in Female Huntington's Disease Model Mice. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:161-169. [PMID: 30958310 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol is necessary for proper neurodevelopment and neuronal health. The brain relies on neural and astrocytic de novo cholesterol synthesis. Huntington's disease presents with altered levels of cholesterol precursors however it is unknown when the disruption in this molecular pathway occurs and whether Manganese (Mn) may alter these metabolic alterations. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of Mn exposure on cholesterol biosynthesis in pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease mice. METHODS 12-week (pre-manifest) male and female and 42-week old (manifest) female YAC128 and littermate control (WT) mice received 3 subcutaneous Mn or vehicle injections. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the final injection and striatum, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were collected to measure cholesterol and cholesterol precursors using LC/MS-MS. RESULTS Striatal desmosterol and cholesterol are increased in pre-manifest HD females compared to age-matched WT female mice. Striatal lanosterol, 8-DHC and desmosterol and cholesterol are reduced in manifest HD females compared to age-and sex-matched WT mice with minimal effects in the cortex and cerebellum. Mn treatment had no effect in the pre-manifest or manifest female brain except reduced lanosterol levels in the cortex of pre-manifest female mice. Neither Mn or HD altered brain cholesterol precursor levels in the pre-manifest HD or WT male mouse. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol biosynthesis is impaired in early disease stage in female HD mice only and continues throughout disease. These alterations appear largely striatal-specific. Acute systemic exposure to Mn did not significantly alter cholesterol biosynthesis in the striatum at any disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfalzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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27
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Prados IM, Orellana JM, Marina ML, García MC. Identification of Peptides Potentially Responsible for In Vivo Hypolipidemic Activity of a Hydrolysate from Olive Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4237-4244. [PMID: 32186189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that peptides produced by the hydrolysis of olive seed proteins using Alcalase enzyme showed in vitro multifunctional lipid-lowering capability. This work presents a deeper insight into the hypolipidemic effect of olive seed peptides. The capability of olive seed peptides to inhibit endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis through the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme was evaluated observing a 38 ± 7% of inhibition. Two in vivo assays using different peptides concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of olive seed peptides in male and female mice. A low concentration of hydrolysate reduced total cholesterol in male mice in a 20% after 11 weeks compared to the mice feeding with hypercholesterolemic diet. A higher hydrolysate concentration showed a greater reduction in total cholesterol (25%). The analysis of the olive seed hydrolysate by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS) enabled the identification of peptides that could be responsible for this hypolipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Prados
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Orellana
- Centro de Experimentación Animal, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Concepción García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Effect of Stellaria media Tea on Lipid Profile in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5109328. [PMID: 32047525 PMCID: PMC7003252 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In folk medicine, common chickweed (Stellaria media) has traditionally been applied for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, there is no firm experimental proof to support the rationale of this practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Stellaria media) has traditionally been applied for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, there is no firm experimental proof to support the rationale of this practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Materials and Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. The (i) control group received standard laboratory chow, the (ii) hypercholesterolemic group received cholesterol-enriched diet, and the (iii) chickweed-treated hypercholesterolemic group received cholesterol-enriched diet and 100 mg/kg body weight Stellaria media) has traditionally been applied for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, there is no firm experimental proof to support the rationale of this practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Results Cholesterol-enriched diet significantly increased serum total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, but did not affect triacylglycerol concentrations. The addition of chickweed to the diet did not cause any significant change in serum lipid profile or body weight increase. Liver and kidney functions were unaltered and cardiac morphology and function were not changed due to Stellaria media) has traditionally been applied for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, there is no firm experimental proof to support the rationale of this practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Conclusion Although chickweed does not seem to be toxic, our results do not support the rationale of its use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Klingel SL, Metherel AH, Irfan M, Rajna A, Chabowski A, Bazinet RP, Mutch DM. EPA and DHA have divergent effects on serum triglycerides and lipogenesis, but similar effects on lipoprotein lipase activity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1502-1509. [PMID: 31535138 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative studies suggest that DHA may have stronger serum triglyceride-lowering effects than EPA; however, the molecular basis for this differential effect remains unexplored in humans. Differential regulation of lipogenesis and triglyceride clearance are 2 possible mechanisms of action. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on serum triglycerides, markers of lipogenesis, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adults participating in a double-blind, multiarm, placebo-controlled parallel-group randomized trial. Lipogenesis was assessed with the lipogenic index and compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). METHODS Young, healthy normolipidemic men and women (n = 89; 21.6 ± 0.23 y; mean ± SEM) were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 supplement groups for 12 wk: 1) olive oil, 2) ∼3 g EPA/d, and 3) ∼3 g DHA/d. Omega-3 supplements were provided in triglyceride form. Blood was collected before and after supplementation for the analysis of fatty acids and preheparin LPL activity. Variations in the 13C:12C ratio (δ13C) of palmitate (16:0) and linoleate (18:2n-6) were measured by CSIA. RESULTS DHA supplementation reduced blood triglycerides (0.85 ± 0.04 mmol/L to 0.65 ± 0.03 mmol/L; P < 0.01), with no change seen with EPA supplementation. DHA supplementation did not change the lipogenic index or δ13C-16:0, whereas EPA supplementation increased the lipogenic index by 11% (P < 0.01) and δ13C-16:0 (P = 0.03) from -23.2 ± 0.2 to -22.8 ± 0.2 milliUrey ± SEM. CONCLUSIONS Reduced triglyceride concentrations after DHA supplementation are associated with increased LPL activity, whereas the null effect of EPA supplementation on blood triglycerides may stem from the concomitant increases in lipogenesis and LPL activity. Further investigation of the differential triglyceride-lowering effects of EPA and DHA is warranted in both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Irfan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Rajna
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Norouzirad R, Ghanbari M, Bahadoran Z, Abdollahifar MA, Rasouli N, Ghasemi A. Hyperoxia improves carbohydrate metabolism by browning of white adipocytes in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 220:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Saadé C, Sleilaty G, Gannagé-Yared MH. Longitudinal changes of lipid profile in the Lebanese pediatric population. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:48. [PMID: 30744653 PMCID: PMC6371449 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies looked at the prevalence of dyslipidemia in pediatric Middle-Eastern countries. In addition, worldwide longitudinal changes of lipid profile is not well documented. The purpose of this study is to look at the longitudinal changes of lipid parameters in Lebanese school-age children. Materials and methods A total of 97 subjects (41 girls and 56 boys) aged between 11 and 21 years were included in this study. The subjects were selected among 339 school-age children with a previous abnormal lipid profile who were recruited from 10 schools of varying socio-economic levels (SEL). A fasting lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)] was performed. Non-HDL-cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) was calculated. Weight and height were measured under the same conditions, and BMI percentiles were calculated. A multivariate covariance analysis model (MANCOVA) was used with TG, HDL-C and non-HDL-C as dependent variables with additional post-MANCOVA F tests. Results The age of the current cohort is 16.5 ± 2.9 years with no significant difference according to gender. The current lipid profile was obtained 3.1 ± 0.7 years following the initial one, with 53.6% of the subjects having it normalized. TC, TG, and non-HDL-C decreased significantly over time in girls, while only TG decreased significantly in boys. No significant changes were observed for HDL-C. Using MANCOVA, a significant time by age interaction was observed (p < 0.0001), while gender, BMI and SEL were found not to be significant. Post-hoc F tests showed that the time by age interaction was driven by TG (p = 0.03) and non-HDL-C (p < 0.001), the larger effect being observed in younger children. Conclusion A high proportion of school-age children normalize their abnormal lipid profile with time. Screening for lipid disorders could be postponed until post puberty age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Saadé
- Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Sleilaty
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared
- Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Division of Endocrinology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
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32
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Simpson EJ, Clark M, Razak AA, Salter A. The impact of reduced red and processed meat consumption on cardiovascular risk factors; an intervention trial in healthy volunteers. Food Funct 2019; 10:6690-6698. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in red meat intake lowered LDL in men, but may have unfavourable short term impact on blood cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Simpson
- University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences
- Queen's Medical Centre
- Nottingham
- UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Marie Clark
- University of Nottingham School of Biosciences
- Loughborough
- UK
| | - Azlina A. Razak
- University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences
- Queen's Medical Centre
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Andrew Salter
- University of Nottingham School of Biosciences
- Loughborough
- UK
- University of Nottingham Future Food Beacon
- Loughborough
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Molecular Fingerprints of Iron Parameters among a Population-Based Sample. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111800. [PMID: 30463274 PMCID: PMC6266982 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most frequent deficiency disease and parameters of iron metabolism appear to be linked to major metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We screened a large set of small molecules in plasma for associations with iron status among apparently healthy subjects to elucidate subclinical profiles which may provide a link between iron status and onset of diseases. Based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy we determined 613 plasma metabolites and lipoprotein subfractions among 820 apparently healthy individuals. Associations between ferritin, transferrin, haemoglobin and myoglobin and metabolite levels were tested by sex-specific linear regression analyses controlling for common confounders. Far more significant associations in women (82 out of 102) compared to men became obvious. The majority of the metabolites associated with serum ferritin and haemoglobin in women comprising fatty acid species, branched-chain amino acid catabolites and catabolites of heme. The latter was also obvious among men. Positive associations between serum transferrin and VLDL and IDL particle measures seen in women were observed in men with respect to serum ferritin. We observed a sexual-dimorphic fingerprint of surrogates of iron metabolism which may provide a link for the associations between those parameters and major metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Natural menstrual rhythm and oral contraception diversely affect exhaled breath compositions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10838. [PMID: 30022081 PMCID: PMC6052073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural menstrual cycle and/or oral contraception diversely affect women metabolites. Longitudinal metabolic profiling under constant experimental conditions is thereby realistic to understand such effects. Thus, we investigated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhalation throughout menstrual cycles in 24 young and healthy women with- and without oral contraception. Exhaled VOCs were identified and quantified in trace concentrations via high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry, starting from a menstruation and then repeated follow-up with six intervals including the next bleeding. Repeated measurements within biologically comparable groups were employed under optimized measurement setup. We observed pronounced and substance specific changes in exhaled VOC concentrations throughout all cycles with low intra-individual variations. Certain blood-borne volatiles changed significantly during follicular and luteal phases. Most prominent changes in endogenous VOCs were observed at the ovulation phase with respect to initial menstruation. Here, the absolute median abundances of alveolar ammonia, acetone, isoprene and dimethyl sulphide changed significantly (P-value ≤ 0.005) by 18.22↓, 13.41↓, 18.02↑ and 9.40↓%, respectively. These VOCs behaved in contrast under the presence of combined oral contraception; e.g. isoprene decreased significantly by 30.25↓%. All changes returned to initial range once the second bleeding phase was repeated. Changes in exogenous benzene, isopropanol, limonene etc. and smoking related furan, acetonitrile and orally originated hydrogen sulphide were rather nonspecific and mainly exposure dependent. Our observations could apprehend a number of known/pre-investigated metabolic effects induced by monthly endocrine regulations. Potential in vivo origins (e.g. metabolic processes) of VOCs are crucial to realize such effects. Despite ubiquitous confounders, we demonstrated the true strength of volatolomics for metabolic monitoring of menstrual cycle and contraceptives. These outcomes may warrant further studies in this direction to enhance our fundamental and clinical understanding on menstrual metabolomics and endocrinology. Counter-effects of contraception can be deployed for future noninvasive assessment of birth control pills. Our findings could be translated toward metabolomics of pregnancy, menopause and post-menopausal complications via breath analysis.
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Higgins S, Forehand RL, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Moderate, but not vigorous, intensity exercise training reduces C-reactive protein. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:283-290. [PMID: 28847205 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1364832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprint interval cycle training is a contemporary popular mode of training but its relative efficacy, under conditions of matched energy expenditure, to reduce risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is incompletely characterised, especially in young women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative efficacy of six weeks of moderate-intensity cycling (MOD-C) and vigorous sprint-interval cycling (VIG-SIC) on lipid profile, insulin (INS) and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in inactive, overweight/obese (OW/OB) young women. METHODS Participants (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥88 cm) were randomly assigned to MOD-C (20-30 min at 60-70% of heart rate reserve(HRR)) or VIG-SIC (5-7 repeated bouts 30-second maximal effort sprints, followed by four minutes of active recovery) supervised training three days/week for six weeks, with each group matched on energy expenditure. Adiposity (%Fat) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Forty-four participants (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 65.9% Caucasian, 29.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. The improvement in CRP observed in the MOD-C group was larger than the VIG-C group (p = .034). Overall, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels improved following training (p < .05); however, total cholesterol, triglyceride, INS and HOMA-IR did not improve (p > .05). CONCLUSION These results indicate MOD-C training may be more effective in reducing CRP than VIG-SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Hathaway
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen M. Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Sun L, Zou T, Wang BZ, Liu F, Yuan QH, Ma YT, Ma X. Epidemiological investigation into the prevalence of abnormal inter-arm blood pressure differences among different ethnicities in Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188546. [PMID: 29346374 PMCID: PMC5773008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of and risk factors for IAD among different ethnicity groups was unknown. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for IAD among Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities in Xinjiang. China. METHODS In total, 14,618 adult participants (7,799 males and 6,819 females) were recruited from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey. A 4-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used. The participants' personal information and medical history were assessed by questionnaire. IAD was diagnosed by a noninvasive arteriosclerosis analyzer. RESULTS The prevalence of abnormal IAD among the general population was 14.3%, with 12.5% in the Han, 14.9% in the Uygur, and 16.4% in the Kazakh populations. The prevalence of abnormal IAD among the hypertensive population was 19.4%, with 17.0% in the Han, 18.1% in the Uygur, and 22.7% in the Kazakh populations. The prevalence of abnormal IAD increased with age (all P < 0.01) but was not significantly different between the genders (all P> 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age more than 45 years, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IAD. There were different risk factors for abnormal IAD in different ethnicities. Middle or old age, obesity, ABI and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for the Han population, smoking was a risk factor in the Uygur population, and obesity and PAD were risk factors in the Kazakh population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of abnormal IAD in the Kazakh participants was higher than that in the Han and Uygur populations among both the general population and the hypertensive population in Xinjiang, China. The main risk factors of IAD were age, obesity, and triglyceride levels. Different ethnicities had different kinds of risk factors for IAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Henan, Urumqi, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xin Jiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xin Jiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xin Jiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Changes in cardiovascular function based on adrenalin and norepinephrine metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Exp Gerontol 2017; 91:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roke K, Walton K, Klingel SL, Harnett A, Subedi S, Haines J, Mutch DM. Evaluating Changes in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake after Receiving Personal FADS1 Genetic Information: A Randomized Nutrigenetic Intervention. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030240. [PMID: 28272299 PMCID: PMC5372903 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenetics research is anticipated to lay the foundation for personalized dietary recommendations; however, it remains unclear if providing individuals with their personal genetic information changes dietary behaviors. Our objective was to evaluate if providing information for a common variant in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene changed omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake and blood levels in young female adults (18–25 years). Participants were randomized into Genetic (intervention) and Non-Genetic (control) groups, with measurements taken at Baseline and Final (12 weeks). Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was assessed using an omega-3 food frequency questionnaire. Red blood cell (RBC) FA content was quantified by gas chromatography. Implications of participation in a nutrigenetics study and awareness of omega-3 FAs were assessed with online questionnaires. Upon completion of the study, EPA and DHA intake increased significantly (p = 1.0 × 10−4) in all participants. This change was reflected by small increases in RBC %EPA. Participants in the Genetic group showed increased awareness of omega-3 terminology by the end of the study, reported that the dietary recommendations were more useful, and rated cost as a barrier to omega-3 consumption less often than those in the Non-Genetic group. Providing participants FADS1 genetic information did not appear to influence omega-3 intake during the 12 weeks, but did change perceptions and behaviors related to omega-3 FAs in this timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Walton
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Amber Harnett
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Basili S, Montella A, Campesi I. Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:983-1001. [PMID: 27915217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex has been largely described in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves many cell types such as vessel cells, immune cells and endothelial progenitor cells; however, many, if not all, studies do not report the sex of the cells. This review focuses on sex differences in human cells involved in the atherosclerotic process, emphasizing the role of sex hormones. Furthermore, we report sex differences and issues related to the processes that determine the fate of the cells such as apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. The analysis of the data reveals that there are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding sex influences in atherosclerosis, largely for the cell types that have not been well studied, stressing the urgent need for a clear definition of experimental conditions and the inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Research Center on Gender and Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Medicine (CEQUAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
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Nyberg M, Seidelin K, Andersen TR, Overby NN, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. Biomarkers of vascular function in premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women of similar age: effect of exercise training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R510-7. [PMID: 24477543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00539.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with an accelerated decline in vascular function; however, whether this is an effect of age and/or menopause and how exercise training may affect this decline remains unclear. We examined a range of molecular measures related to vascular function in matched premenopausal and postmenopausal women before and after 12 wk of exercise training. Thirteen premenopausal and 10 recently postmenopausal [1.6 ± 0.3 (means ± SE) years after final menstrual period] women only separated by 3 yr (48 ± 1 vs. 51 ± 1 yr) were included. Before training, diastolic blood pressure, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and skeletal muscle expression of thromboxane A synthase were higher in the postmenopausal women compared with the premenopausal women, all indicative of impaired vascular function. In both groups, exercise training lowered diastolic blood pressure, the levels of sICAM-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), as well as plasma and skeletal muscle endothelin-1. The vasodilator prostacyclin tended (P = 0.061) to be higher in plasma with training in the postmenopausal women only. These findings demonstrate that already within the first years after menopause, several biomarkers of vascular function are adversely altered, indicating that these biomarker changes are more related to hormonal changes than aging. Exercise training appears to have a positive impact on vascular function, as indicated by a marked improvement in the biomarker profile, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nyberg
- Copenhagen Centre for Team Sports and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schisterman EF, Mumford SL, Sjaarda LA. Failure to consider the menstrual cycle phase may cause misinterpretation of clinical and research findings of cardiometabolic biomarkers in premenopausal women. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 36:71-82. [PMID: 24042431 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker assessment plays a critical role in the study and prevention of disease. However, variation in biomarkers attributable to the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women may impair understanding the role of certain biomarkers in disease development and progression. Thus, in light of the recently increasing evidence of menstrual cycle variability in multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers, a reexamination of approaches for appropriately studying and diagnosing cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is warranted. We reviewed studies (from 1934 through 2012) evaluating changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers across phases of the menstrual cycle, including markers of oxidative stress, lipids, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation. Each was observed to vary significantly during the menstrual cycle. For example, nearly twice as many women had elevated cholesterol levels warranting therapy (≥200 mg/dL) during the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase (14.3% vs. 7.9%), with only 3% having consistently high levels during all phases of the cycle. Similarly, nearly twice as many women were classified as being at an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (high sensitivity C-reactive protein >3 mg/L) during menses compared with other phases (12.3% vs. 7.4%). Menstrual cycle-associated variability in cardiometabolic biomarkers is an important source of variability that should be accounted for in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique F Schisterman
- Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LH, luteinizing hormone; SD, standard deviation
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Shchelkunova TA, Morozov IA, Rubtsov PM, Samokhodskaya LM, Andrianova IV, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN, Smirnov AN. Changes in levels of gene expression in human aortal intima during atherogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:463-70. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bulmer AC, Verkade HJ, Wagner KH. Bilirubin and beyond: a review of lipid status in Gilbert's syndrome and its relevance to cardiovascular disease protection. Prog Lipid Res 2012. [PMID: 23201182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is characterized by a benign, mildly elevated bilirubin concentration in the blood. Recent reports show clear protection from cardiovascular disease in this population. Protection of lipids, proteins and other macromolecules from oxidation by bilirubin represents the most commonly accepted mechanism contributing to protection in this group. However, a recent meta-analysis estimated that bilirubin only accounts for ~34% of the cardioprotective effects within analysed studies. To reveal the additional contributing variables we have explored circulating cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, which appear to be decreased in hyperbilirubinemic individuals/animals, and are accompanied by lower body mass index in highly powered studies. These results suggest that bilirubin could be responsible for the development of a lean and hypolipidemic state in GS. Here we also discuss the possible contributing mechanisms that might reduce circulating cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in individuals with syndromes affecting bilirubin metabolism/excretion, which we hope will stimulate future research in the area. In summary, this article is the first review of lipid status in animal and human studies of hyperbilirubinemia and explores possible mechanisms that could contribute to lowering circulating lipid parameters and further explain cardiovascular protection in Gilbert's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Villavicencio A, Aguilar G, Acuña J, Gabler F, Soto E, Gaete F, Peñaloza P, Celis M, Owen GI. The identification of two subgroups of obese women with differing endometrial proliferation levels: potential consequences in the development of endometrial cancer. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:1012-5. [PMID: 22041986 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced endometrial proliferation correlates obesity to type-I (estrogen-dependent) endometrial cancer (EC). Our aim was to distinguish obese women (without EC) with differing endometrial proliferation. Endometrial and blood samples were obtained from normal-weight and obese women without EC. Type-I EC samples were obtained from obese patients. On measuring endometrial proliferation (Ki67 and phosphorylated histone H3 (p-H3)), two groups of obese women without EC were identified: obese(High Proliferating) (O(HP)) and obese(Low Proliferating) (O(LP)). Increased Ki67 (88.5%, P<0.001), p-H3 (62.6%, P<0.01), 17β-estradiol/progesterone ratio (46.3%, P<0.01) and endometrial estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (82.2%, P<0.001) were observed in O(HP) compared with O(LP) patients. ECs possessed similar ERα and enhanced proliferation as O(HP), suggesting that O(HP) women are at higher risk of type-I EC. O(LP) women were indistinguishable from normal-weight women regarding these determinants of endometrial proliferation, ERα and 17β-estradiol/progesterone ratio. Our data may further define the obesity phenotype in regards to type-I EC risk and may help identify obese women more susceptible to develop type-I EC, allowing early intervention and a potential reduction in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villavicencio
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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