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BANERJEE SOHINI, DEACON ALYSSA, SUTER MELISSAA, AAGAARD KJERSTIM. Understanding the Placental Biology of Tobacco Smoke, Nicotine, and Marijuana (THC) Exposures During Pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65:347-359. [PMID: 35125390 PMCID: PMC9042338 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Widespread public health campaigns have reduces the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine exposures during pregnancy in the United States. However, tobacco and nicotine exposures during pregnancy persist as a common modifiable perinatal risk exposure. Furthermore, declines in tobacco use have been accompanied by parallel rises in both the prevalence and incidence of marijuana use in pregnancy. This is worrisome, as the macromolecules which comprise tobacco and marijuana smoke affect placental function. In this chapter we summarize the decades of evidence contributing to our understanding of the placental molecular pathophysiology accompanying these chemical exposures, thereby rendering risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SOHINI BANERJEE
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - MELISSA A. SUTER
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - KJERSTI M. AAGAARD
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Association between maternal depression during pregnancy and newborn DNA methylation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:572. [PMID: 34750344 PMCID: PMC8576002 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 15-65% of women globally experience depression during pregnancy, prevalence being particularly high in low- and middle-income countries. Prenatal depression has been associated with adverse birth and child development outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) may aid in understanding this association. In this project, we analyzed associations between prenatal depression and DNAm from cord blood from participants of the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study. We examined DNAm in an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of 248 mother-child pairs. DNAm was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC (N = 145) and the Infinium HumanMethylation450 (N = 103) arrays. Prenatal depression scores, obtained with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), were analyzed as continuous and dichotomized variables. We used linear robust models to estimate associations between depression and newborn DNAm, adjusted for measured (smoking status, household income, sex, preterm birth, cell type proportions, and genetic principal components) and unmeasured confounding using Cate and Bacon algorithms. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing. DMRcate and dmrff were used to test for differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Differential DNAm was significantly associated with BDI-II variables, in cg16473797 (Δ beta = -1.10E-02, p = 6.87E-08), cg23262030 (Δ beta per BDI-II total IQR = 1.47E-03, p = 1.18E-07), and cg04859497 (Δ beta = -6.42E-02, p = 1.06E-09). Five DMRs were associated with at least two depression variables. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and investigate their biological impact.
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Fuemmeler BF, Dozmorov MG, Do EK, Zhang J(J, Grenier C, Huang Z, Maguire RL, Kollins SH, Hoyo C, Murphy SK. DNA Methylation in Babies Born to Nonsmoking Mothers Exposed to Secondhand Smoke during Pregnancy: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57010. [PMID: 34009014 PMCID: PMC8132610 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to altered DNA methylation in infant umbilical cord blood. The extent to which low levels of smoke exposure among nonsmoking pregnant women relates to offspring DNA methylation is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate relationships between maternal prenatal plasma cotinine levels and DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood in newborns using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip. METHODS Participants from the Newborn Epigenetics Study cohort who reported not smoking during pregnancy had verified low levels of cotinine from maternal prenatal plasma (0 ng / mL to < 4 ng / mL ), and offspring epigenetic data from umbilical cord blood were included in this study (n = 79 ). Multivariable linear regression models were fit to the data, controlling for cell proportions, age, race, education, and parity. Estimates represent changes in response to any 1 -ng / mL unit increase in exposure. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression models yielded 29,049 CpGs that were differentially methylated in relation to increases in cotinine at a 5% false discovery rate. Top CpGs were within or near genes involved in neuronal functioning (PRKG1, DLGAP2, BSG), carcinogenesis (FHIT, HSPC157) and inflammation (AGER). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggest cotinine was related to methylation of gene pathways controlling neuronal signaling, metabolic regulation, cell signaling and regulation, and cancer. Further, enhancers associated with transcription start sites were enriched in altered CpGs. Using an independent sample from the same study population (n = 115 ), bisulfite pyrosequencing was performed with infant cord blood DNA for two genes within our top 20 hits (AGER and PRKG1). Results from pyrosequencing replicated epigenome results for PRKG1 (cg17079497, estimate = - 1.09 , standard error ( SE ) = 0.45 , p = 0.018 ) but not for AGER (cg09199225; estimate = - 0.16 , SE = 0.21 , p = 0.44 ). DISCUSSION Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking women may alter DNA methylation in regions involved in development, carcinogenesis, and neuronal functioning. These novel findings suggest that even low levels of smoke exposure during pregnancy may be sufficient to alter DNA methylation in distinct sites of mixed umbilical cord blood leukocytes in pathways that are known to be altered in cord blood from pregnant active smokers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F. Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Do
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carole Grenier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L. Maguire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott H. Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Suter MA, Aagaard KM. The impact of tobacco chemicals and nicotine on placental development. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1193-1200. [PMID: 32010988 PMCID: PMC7396310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental-derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
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Do Nicotinic Receptors Modulate High-Order Cognitive Processing? Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:550-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zeng Z, Meyer KF, Lkhagvadorj K, Kooistra W, Reinders-Luinge M, Xu X, Huo X, Song J, Plösch T, Hylkema MN. Prenatal smoke effect on mouse offspring Igf1 promoter methylation from fetal stage to adulthood is organ and sex specific. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L549-L561. [PMID: 31913647 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00293.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal smoke exposure (PSE) is associated with reduced birth weight, impaired fetal development, and increased risk for diseases later in life. Changes in DNA methylation may be involved, as multiple large-scale epigenome-wide association studies showed that PSE is robustly associated with DNA methylation changes in blood among offspring in early life. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is important in growth, differentiation, and repair processes after injury. However, no studies investigated the organ-specific persistence of PSE-induced methylation change of Igf1 into adulthood. Based on our previous studies on the PSE effect on Igf1 promoter methylation in fetal and neonatal mouse offspring, we now have extended our studies to adulthood. Our data show that basal Igf1 promoter methylation generally increased in the lung but decreased in the liver (except for 2 persistent CpG sites in both organs) across three different developmental stages. PSE changed Igf1 promoter methylation in all three developmental stages, which was organ and sex specific. The PSE effect was less pronounced in adult offspring compared with the fetal and neonatal stages. In addition, the PSE effect in the adult stage was more pronounced in the lung compared with the liver. For most CpG sites, an inverse correlation was found for promoter methylation and mRNA expression when the data of all three stages were combined. This was more prominent in the liver. Our findings provide additional evidence for sex- and organ-dependent prenatal programming, which supports the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Karolin F Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khosbayar Lkhagvadorj
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wierd Kooistra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Reinders-Luinge
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yan W, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang W, Li C, Wang L, Gu P, Xia Y, Yan J, Shen Y, Zhao Q, Niu D, Mu K, Jiang Y. Maternal dietary glycaemic change during gestation influences insulin-related gene methylation in the placental tissue: a genome-wide methylation analysis. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:17. [PMID: 31086609 PMCID: PMC6506964 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the effects of maternal nutrition exposure during gestation influence metabolic risk in early life through an epigenetic mechanism. Low glycaemic index (GI) diets benefit both maternal and neonatal gestational outcomes. We hypothesize that maternal dietary GI or glycaemic load (GL) changes during pregnancy impact placental DNA methylation, especially in insulin resistance-related genes. Methods From a clinical trial of overweight pregnant women, 12 subjects who successfully reduced their GI and another 12 whose GI increased despite the intervention were selected. A genome-wide differential methylation analysis of placental tissue DNA was conducted, followed by bioinformatic annotation and validation analysis. The distribution of genome-wide differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and CpG sites was described. Six CpG sites in regulatory regions of four insulin-related genes (PLIN1, CPT1B, SSTR4, and CIDEA) were selectively validated by pyrosequencing. Pairwise Spearman correlation analysis was performed to test methylation–phenotype association in an additional 153 subjects from the same trial. Correlation between methylation of significant sites and placental mRNA expression of SSTR4 was also analysed. Results Dietary GI decreased by 24.3 (26.2–20.1) in the group who responded appropriately to the intervention and increased by 19.6 (15.2–29.1) in the comparison group. Epigenome-wide analysis identified 108 DMRs and 365 CpG sites with P < 0.05 adjusted by false discovery rate, distributed over all chromosomes. The methylation level of cg05009389 in the 3′ UTR of PLIN1 was negatively correlated with maternal weight gain (ρ = − 0.21, P = 0.027) and increase in insulin levels (ρ = − 0.24, P = 0.015) during gestation. Methylation levels of cg17586860 and cg18197392 in the 5′ UTR region of SSTR4 were negatively correlated with changes in dietary carbohydrate intake (ρ = − 0.24, Ps ≤ 0.006) and GL across gestation (ρ = − 0.23, Ps ≤ .008). This correlation survived the adjustment for maternal factors such as dietary GI, body mass index, and gestational diabetes. Up to 89% of cg18197392 methylation was explained by GL change. Cg14631053 methylation correlated positively with mRNA expression of SSTR4 in the placenta (ρ = 0.20, P = 0.037). Conclusions We provide the first evidence that maternal dietary GI changes during gestation may impact placental DNA methylation of insulin regulation genes. This supports the hypothesis that placental methylation may be the epigenetic mechanism through which maternal diet influences the metabolic health of offspring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-019-0634-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yan
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Liping Wang
- 2Maternity and Child Health Center, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Wenhong Yang
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Kunshan Maternity and Child Care Center, 458 Western Tongfeng Road, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Kunshan Maternity and Child Care Center, 458 Western Tongfeng Road, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Liling Wang
- 2Maternity and Child Health Center, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Kunshan Maternity and Child Care Center, 458 Western Tongfeng Road, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Yingqian Xia
- 2Maternity and Child Health Center, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Juhua Yan
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Kunshan Maternity and Child Care Center, 458 Western Tongfeng Road, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Ying Shen
- 2Maternity and Child Health Center, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Dayan Niu
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Kai Mu
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
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Richmond RC, Suderman M, Langdon R, Relton CL, Davey Smith G. DNA methylation as a marker for prenatal smoke exposure in adults. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1120-1130. [PMID: 29860346 PMCID: PMC6124615 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal smoke exposure is known to be robustly associated with DNA methylation among offspring in early life, but whether the association persists into adulthood is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of maternal smoke exposure on DNA methylation in 754 women (mean age 30 years); to replicate findings in the same women 18 years later and in a cohort of 230 men (mean age 53 years); and to assess the extent to which a methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure. Methods We first carried out an epigenome-wide association analysis for prenatal smoke exposure and performed replication analyses for the top CpG sites in the other samples. We derived a DNA methylation score based on previously identified CpG sites and generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the performance of these scores as predictors of prenatal smoke exposure. Results We observed associations at 15 CpG sites in 11 gene regions: MYO1G, FRMD4A, CYP1A1, CNTNAP2, ARL4C, AHRR, TIFAB, MDM4, AX748264, DRD1, FTO (false discovery rate <5%). Most of these associations were specific to exposure during pregnancy, were present 18 years later and were replicated in a cohort of men. A DNA methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure (30 years previously) with an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 0.76). Conclusions The results of this study provide robust evidence that maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with changes in DNA methylation that persist in the exposed offspring for many years after prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Shinzawa M, Tanaka S, Tokumasu H, Takada D, Tsukamoto T, Yanagita M, Kawakami K. Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, Household Smoking after the Child's Birth, and Childhood Proteinuria at Age 3 Years. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:253-260. [PMID: 28007773 PMCID: PMC5293334 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.05980616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Smoking is a well known risk factor of proteinuria in adults; however, clinical studies in children are limited. The purpose of this study is to clarify the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and household smoking after the child's birth with the risk of proteinuria at age 3 years old. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study on 44,595 children using data on prenatal health checkups, home visit neonatal health checkups, and health checkups at 4, 9, and 18 months and 3 years of age in Kobe City, Japan. Maternal smoking status (nonsmoker, past smoker, or current smoker) was collected with standardized questionnaires. The outcome of interest was the presence of proteinuria at 3 years of age defined as urinary protein ≥1+. To evaluate the association between child proteinuria and smoking status, we performed multivariate logistic regression model analyses adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS The prevalence rates of children in the maternal smoking groups (none, past, and current) were 78.9%, 4.4%, and 16.7%, respectively. The frequencies of child proteinuria defined as ≥1+ urinary protein were 1.7% in the current smoking group, 1.6% in the past smoking group, and 1.3% in the nonsmoking group. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with child proteinuria (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.52; P=0.05) in the multiple logistic regression model, although nonmaternal family smoking during pregnancy was not significantly associated with child proteinuria (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.19; P=0.77). We also found a similar association with household smoking after the child's birth (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.54; P=0.06), although this observation was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy was one of the risk factors of childhood proteinuria. We also found a similar association with household smoking after the child's birth, although this observation was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Shinzawa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health and
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health and
| | - Hironobu Tokumasu
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health and
| | - Daisuke Takada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health and
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Wang Y, Chen C, Deng Z, Bian E, Huang C, Lei T, Lv X, Liu L, Li J. Repression of TSC1/TSC2 mediated by MeCP2 regulates human embryo lung fibroblast cell differentiation and proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:578-588. [PMID: 28041914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe inflammatory disease with limited effective treatments. It is known that the transdifferentiation of human embryo lung fibroblast (HELF) cells from pulmonary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, contributes to the progression of pulmonary fibrogenesis. The tuberous sclerosis proteins TSC1 and TSC2 are two key signaling factors which can suppress cell growth and proliferation. However, the roles of TSC1 and TSC2 in lung fibroblast are unclear. Here, we developed a PF model with bleomycin (BLM) in mice and conducted several simulation experiments in HELF cells. Our study shows that the expression of TSC1 and TSC2 in fibrotic mice lung was reduced and stimulation of HELF cells with TGF-β1 resulted in a down-regulation of TSC1 and TSC2. In addition, overexpression of TSC1 or TSC2 decreased cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, we found that reduced expression of TSC1 and TSC2 caused by TGF-β1 is associated with the promoter methylation status of TSC1 and TSC2. MeCP2, controls an epigenetic pathway that promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis. We found that expression of TSC1 and TSC2 can be repressed by MeCP2, which regulates HELF cell differentiation and proliferation as myofibroblasts and lead to PF ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Hefei Binghu Hospital, 3200 Changsha Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyu Deng
- Department of Scientific and Educational, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Stroud LR, Papandonatos GD, Salisbury AL, Phipps MG, Huestis MA, Niaura R, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ, Lester BM. Epigenetic Regulation of Placental NR3C1: Mechanism Underlying Prenatal Programming of Infant Neurobehavior by Maternal Smoking? Child Dev 2016; 87:49-60. [PMID: 26822442 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) was investigated as a mechanism underlying links between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and infant neurobehavior in 45 mother-infant pairs (49% MSDP-exposed; 52% minorities; ages 18-35). The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered 7 times over the 1st postnatal month; methylation of placental NR3C1 was assessed via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Increased placental NR3C1 methylation was associated with increased infant attention and self-regulation, and decreased lethargy and need for examiner soothing over the 1st postnatal month. A causal steps approach revealed that NR3C1 methylation and MSDP were independently associated with lethargic behavior. Although preliminary, results highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in elucidating pathways to neurobehavioral alterations from MSDP.
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Fa S, Larsen TV, Bilde K, Daugaard TF, Ernst EH, Olesen RH, Mamsen LS, Ernst E, Larsen A, Nielsen AL. Assessment of global DNA methylation in the first trimester fetal tissues exposed to maternal cigarette smoking. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:128. [PMID: 27924165 PMCID: PMC5123323 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of negative health consequences for the exposed child. Epigenetic mechanisms constitute a likely link between the prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and the increased risk in later life for diverse pathologies. Maternal smoking induces gene-specific DNA methylation alterations as well as global DNA hypermethylation in the term placentas and hypomethylation in the cord blood. Early pregnancy represents a developmental time where the fetal epigenome is remodeled and accordingly can be expected to be highly prone to exposures with an epigenetic impact. We have assessed the influence of maternal cigarette smoking during the first trimester for fetal global DNA methylation. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the human fetal intestines and livers as well as the placentas from the first trimester pregnancies. Global DNA methylation levels were quantified with ELISA using a methylcytosine antibody as well as with the bisulfite pyrosequencing of surrogate markers for global methylation status, LINE-1, and AluYb8. We identified gender-specific differences in global DNA methylation levels, but no significant DNA methylation changes in exposure responses to the first trimester maternal cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging that only examining subsets of global DNA methylation markers and fetal sample availability represents possible limitations for the analyses, our presented results indicate that the first trimester maternal cigarette smoking is not manifested in immediate aberrations of fetal global DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Fa
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Trine Vilsbøll Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katrine Bilde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tina F Daugaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil H Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Linn S Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders L Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Marijuana use and its effects in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:506.e1-7. [PMID: 27263998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally assumed that marijuana is one of the more widely used controlled substances during pregnancy. However, there remains a general paucity of population-based data regarding its use and subsequent perinatal morbidity. We hypothesized that direct patient query during pregnancy regarding marijuana, tobacco, and nicotine use would provide crucial initial population-based data on perinatal risk. OBJECTIVE Our study sought to examine maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with reported marijuana exposure, in isolation or in combination with maternal cigarette smoking. STUDY DESIGN We applied a retrospective cohort study design to subjects (n = 12,069) with available information on marijuana use and pregnancy outcomes. Since 2011, we have routinely and directly questioned all gravidae regarding use of marijuana, tobacco, and nicotine-containing products. We examined perinatal outcomes in marijuana smokers vs nonsmokers, as well as patients reporting both marijuana and cigarette smoking. Multivariate analysis enabled determination of adjusted odds ratios for maternal and fetal outcomes, adjusting for confounders. Significance was determined with Mann-Whitney U, χ(2), and Fischer exact tests (as appropriate). RESULTS In all, 106/12,069 reported marijuana use (0.88%), with 48/12,069 (0.4%; or 48/106, 45%) concurrently using cigarettes and marijuana. After controlling for potential confounding variables, while marijuana use alone was not associated with significant adverse outcomes, use in combination with cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of multiple adverse perinatal outcomes (increased occurrence of maternal asthma [adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.9]; preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.9]; decreased [<25th percentile] head circumference [adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.3]; and decreased [<25th percentile] birthweight [adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.0]). Maternal pregnancy-related hypertension was not increased in marijuana smokers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.681-2.498), or in cigarette smokers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95%, confidence interval, 0.9-1.9). However, co-users had elevated rates of preeclampsia compared to nonusers (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.0). CONCLUSION In our initial cohort analysis, after controlling for potential confounders, while marijuana exposure alone was not associated with significant perinatal adverse outcomes, co-use with cigarette smoking rendered increased risk over either alone. Due to observed prevalence of concurrent cigarette and marijuana use, it is of likely importance to counsel patients regarding use in pregnancy.
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Sudden infant death syndrome: exposure to cigarette smoke leads to hypomethylation upstream of the growth factor independent 1 (GFI1) gene promoter. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2016; 12:399-406. [PMID: 27677632 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-016-9812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking during pregnancy has long been known as an important risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, the precise relationship between the smoking behavior of the mother and SIDS still remains unclear. In this study, the influence of prenatal smoking exposure on the childrens' DNA methylation state of a CpG island located upstream of the promoter of the growth factor independent 1 (GFI1) gene was analyzed. METHODS Blood samples of well-defined SIDS cases with non-smoking mothers (n = 11), SIDS cases with smoking mothers during pregnancy (n = 11), and non-SIDS cases (n = 6) were obtained from a previous study and methylation states were determined by bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS Significant hypomethylation was observed in this CpG island in SIDS cases with cigarette smoke exposure compared to non-exposed cases. The strongest effect in this CpG island was observed for 49 CpG sites located within a transcription factor binding site. Coding for a transcriptional repressor, GFI1 plays an important role in various developmental processes. Alterations in the GFI1 expression might be linked to various conditions that are known to be associated with SIDS, such as dysregulated hematopoiesis and excessive inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Data obtained in this study show that analysis of methylation states in cases of sudden infant death syndrome might provide a further important piece of knowledge toward understanding SIDS, and should be investigated in further studies.
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Kahr MK, Padgett S, Shope CD, Griffin EN, Xie SS, Gonzalez PJ, Levison J, Mastrobattista J, Abramovici AR, Northrup TF, Stotts AL, Aagaard KM, Suter MA. A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1273. [PMID: 26692352 PMCID: PMC4687310 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies reveal that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use are increasing among adolescents and young adults. However, the long-term health effects are unknown, especially with regards to pregnancy. Because of the increased use in women of reproductive age, and the unknown long-term health risks, our primary objectives were to determine the perceived risks of e-cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy, and learn common colloquial terms associated with e-cigarettes. Furthermore, we sought to determine if there is a stigma associated with e-cigarette use in pregnancy. METHODS Eleven focus groups including 87 participants were conducted immediately following regularly scheduled CenteringPregnancy® prenatal care with women at three different clinics in the greater Houston area. A minimum of two facilitators led the groups, using ten lead-in prompts, with Spanish translation as necessary. Facilitators took notes which were compared immediately following each group discussion and each group was audio recorded and transcribed. Three facilitators utilized NVivo 9.0 software to organize the transcribed data into nodes to identify major themes. To increase rigor, transcripts were further analyzed by two obstetricians who were instructed to find the major themes. RESULTS Analyses revealed contradicting themes concerning e-cigarette use. In general, e-cigarettes were perceived as safer alternatives to regular tobacco cigarettes, especially if used as smoking cessation devices. A major theme is that use in pregnancy is harmful to the fetus. However, it was perceived that use for smoking cessation in pregnancy may have fewer side effects. We found that a common term for e-cigarettes is "Blu." In our discussion of hookah use, participants perceived use as popular among teenagers and that use in pregnancy is dangerous for the fetus. CONCLUSIONS Although a strong theme emerged against hookah use, we found contradicting themes in our discussions on e-cigarette use in pregnancy. It is possible that e-cigarette use will not carry the same stigma as regular cigarette smoking in pregnancy. In addition, the impression of e-cigarettes as a healthier alternative to smoking may influence use in pregnancy. Clinicians need to be prepared for questions of e-cigarette safety and efficacy as smoking cessation devices from their pregnant patients who smoke, and women who smoke and are planning to become pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike K Kahr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shannon Padgett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Cindy D Shope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Emily N Griffin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Susan S Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Pablo J Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Judy Levison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Joan Mastrobattista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Adi R Abramovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Thomas F Northrup
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, JJL 324, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, JJL 324, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Panchenko PE, Lemaire M, Fneich S, Voisin S, Jouin M, Junien C, Gabory A. [Epigenetics and Nutrition: maternal nutrition impacts on placental development and health of offspring]. Biol Aujourdhui 2015; 209:175-87. [PMID: 26514387 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The environment, defined broadly by all that is external to the individual, conditions the phenotype during development, particularly the susceptibility to develop non-communicable diseases. This notion, called Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), is based on numerous epidemiological studies as well as animal models. Thus, parental nutrition and obesity can predispose the offspring to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The known underlying mechanisms include an altered development of tissues that adapt to maternal metabolic condition, and a placental dysfunction, which in turn impacts fetal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence itself. The main epigenetic marks are DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. These marks are erased and set-up during gametogenesis and development in order to ensure cellular identity. Therefore, they can lead to a memorisation of early environment and induce long-term alteration of cell and tissue functions, which will condition the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. The placenta is a programming agent of adult disease. The environment, such as smoking or psychosocial stress, is able to modify epigenetic processes in placenta, such as small RNA expression and DNA methylation. We showed that placenta is sensitive to maternal obesity and maternal nutrition, in terms of histology, transcription and epigenetic marks. A clear sexual dimorphism is remarkable in the placental response to maternal environment. In adulthood, the phenotype is also different between males and females. Epigenetic mechanisms could underlie this differential response of males and females to the same environment. The DOHaD can no longer be ignored in Biology of Reproduction. The prevention of non-communicable diseases must take this new paradigm into account. Research will allow a better comprehension of the mechanisms of this early conditioning and the marked sexual dimorphism it is associated to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina E Panchenko
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Lemaire
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sara Fneich
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Voisin
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Jouin
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudine Junien
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Suter MA, Abramovici AR, Griffin E, Branch DW, Lane RH, Mastrobattista J, Rehan VK, Aagaard K. In utero nicotine exposure epigenetically alters fetal chromatin structure and differentially regulates transcription of the glucocorticoid receptor in a rat model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:583-8. [PMID: 26172404 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to nicotine is not limited to maternal tobacco smoke, as electronic cigarettes have an increased prevalence of use among reproductive aged women. Animal models have shown that nicotine exposure in utero is associated with increased risk of asthma and cognitive deficits, as well as increased expression of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor. We hypothesized that in utero nicotine exposure is associated with epigenetic changes in the offspring lung and brain which may contribute to a memory of this exposure METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat dams received either saline or 2 mg/kg of nicotine by intraperitoneal injection once daily from embryonic day 6 (e6) to e22. Pups were killed on day 1 of life, and brain and lung tissues were harvested (N = 3/ group). RESULTS We found that nicotine exposed offspring have altered histone modifications in the brain. Dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 is decreased (0.43-fold; p = 0.03) while acetylation is increased (1.79-fold; p = 0.031). Histone deacetylase activity is significantly decreased with nicotine exposure in brain and lung (0.11-fold; p < 0.001; 0.12-fold; p < 0.001, respectively). Expression of splice variant 1.7 of the glucocorticoid receptor is reduced in the nicotine exposed offspring lung (0.25-fold; p = 0.038). CONCLUSION We conclude that nicotine exposure is associated with epigenetic alterations in the offspring and may lead to susceptibility to adult disease,. Our finding that in utero exposure to nicotine is associated with inhibition of histone deacetylase activity in the brain of offspring is of importance as a similar inhibition has been suggested as a mechanism for the potentiation of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adi R Abramovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Emily Griffin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - D Ware Branch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health Sciences Center and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert H Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Joan Mastrobattista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Division of Neonatology, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Kjersti Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Maccani JZ, Maccani MA. Altered placental DNA methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking: current perspectives. ADVANCES IN GENOMICS AND GENETICS 2015; 2015:205-214. [PMID: 26203295 PMCID: PMC4507353 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s61518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis states that adverse early life exposures can have lasting, detrimental effects on lifelong health. Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality in offspring, including increased risks for miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, asthma, obesity, altered neurobehavior, and other conditions. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy interferes with placental growth and functioning, and it has been proposed that this may occur through the disruption of normal and necessary placental epigenetic patterns. Epigenome-wide association studies have identified a number of differentially methylated placental genes that are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including RUNX3, PURA, GTF2H2, GCA, GPR135, and HKR1. The placental methylation status of RUNX3 and NR3C1 has also been linked to adverse infant outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively. Candidate gene analyses have also found maternal smoking-associated placental methylation differences in the NR3C1, CYP1A1, HTR2A, and HSD11B2 genes, as well as in the repetitive elements LINE-1 and AluYb8. The differential methylation patterns of several genes have been confirmed to also exhibit altered gene expression patterns, including CYP1A1, CYP19A1, NR3C1, and HTR2A. Placental methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy may be largely gene-specific and tissue-specific and, to a lesser degree, involve global changes. It is important for future research to investigate the mechanistic roles that these differentially methylated genes may play in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and disease in later life, as well as to elucidate the potential influence of emerging tobacco product use during pregnancy, including the use of electronic cigarettes, on placental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zj Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
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Tarrade A, Panchenko P, Junien C, Gabory A. Placental contribution to nutritional programming of health and diseases: epigenetics and sexual dimorphism. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:50-8. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent and rapid worldwide increase in non-communicable diseases challenges the assumption that genetic factors are the primary contributors to such diseases. A new concept of the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ (DOHaD) is at stake and therefore requires a paradigm shift. Maternal obesity and malnutrition predispose offspring to develop metabolic syndrome, a vicious cycle leading to transmission to subsequent generation(s), with differences in response and susceptibility according to the sex of the individual. The placenta is a programming agent of adult health and disease. Adaptations of placental phenotype in response to maternal diet and metabolic status alter fetal nutrient supply. This implies important epigenetic changes that are, however, still poorly documented in DOHaD studies, particularly concerning overnutrition. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging knowledge on the relationships between the effect of maternal nutrition or metabolic status on placental function and the risk of diseases later in life, with a specific focus on epigenetic mechanisms and sexual dimorphism. Explaining the sex-specific causal variables and how males versus females respond and adapt to environmental perturbations should help physicians and patients to anticipate disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tarrade
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Polina Panchenko
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudine Junien
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UVSQ, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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DNA methylation alterations in response to prenatal exposure of maternal cigarette smoking: A persistent epigenetic impact on health from maternal lifestyle? Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:231-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Dobrowolski SF, Lyons-Weiler J, Biery A, Spridik K, Vockley G, Kranik E, Skvorak K, Sultana T. Methylome repatterning in a mouse model of Maternal PKU Syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:194-9. [PMID: 25218179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal PKU Syndrome (MPKU) is an embryopathy resulting from in utero phenylalanine (PHE) toxicity secondary to maternal phenylalanine hydroxylase deficient phenylketonuria (PKU). Clinical phenotypes in MPKU include mental retardation, microcephaly, in utero growth restriction, and congenital heart defects. Numerous in utero toxic exposures alter DNA methylation in the fetus. The PAH(enu2) mouse is a model of classical PKU while offspring born of hyperphenylalaninemic dams model MPKU. We investigated offspring of PAH(enu2) dams to determine if altered patterns of DNA methylation occurred in response to in utero PHE exposure. As neurologic deficit is the most prominent MPKU phenotype, methylome patterns were assessed in brain tissue using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and paired-end sequencing. Brain tissues were assessed in E18.5-19 fetuses of PHE unrestricted PAH(enu2) dams, PHE restricted PAH(enu2) dams, and heterozygous(wt/enu2) control dams. Extensive methylome repatterning was observed in offspring of hyperphenylalaninemic dams while the offspring of PHE restricted dams displayed attenuated methylome repatterning. Methylation within coding regions was dominated by noncoding RNA genes. Differential methylation of promoters targeted protein coding genes. To assess the impact of methylome repatterning on gene expression, brain tissue in experimental and control animals were queried with microarrays assessing expression of microRNAs and protein coding genes. Altered expression of methylome-modified microRNAs and protein coding genes was extensive in offspring of hyperphenylalaninemic dams while minimal changes were observed in offspring of PHE restricted dams. Several genes displaying significantly reduced expression have roles in neurological function or genetic disease with neurological phenotypes. These data indicate in utero PHE toxicity alters DNA methylation in the brain which has downstream impact upon gene expression. Altered gene expression may contribute to pathophysiology of neurologic presentation in MPKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Dobrowolski
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - J Lyons-Weiler
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratories, Bioinformatics Core, University of Pittsburgh, 3343 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - A Biery
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - K Spridik
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - G Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - E Kranik
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - K Skvorak
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - T Sultana
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratories, Bioinformatics Core, University of Pittsburgh, 3343 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Stroud LR, Papandonatos GD, Rodriguez D, McCallum M, Salisbury AL, Phipps MG, Lester B, Huestis MA, Niaura R, Padbury JF, Marsit CJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant stress response: test of a prenatal programming hypothesis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 48:29-40. [PMID: 24999830 PMCID: PMC4136384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with early and long-term neurobehavioral deficits; however mechanisms remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that MSDP programs the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis of the offspring leading to adverse outcomes. In an intensive, prospective study, we investigated associations between MSDP and infant cortisol stress response and explored whether alterations in cortisol response were mediated by epigenetic modulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1). METHODS Participants were 100 healthy mother-infant pairs (53% MSDP-exposed; 42% female) from a low income, racially/ethnically diverse sample (55% minorities). MSDP was assessed by timeline followback interview verified by saliva and meconium cotinine. Infant cortisol responses to a neurobehavioral exam were assessed seven times over the first postnatal month. Methylation of placental NR3C1 promoter exon 1F was assessed using bisulfite pyrosequencing in a subsample (n=45). RESULTS MSDP-exposed infants showed significantly and persistently attenuated basal and reactive cortisol levels over the first postnatal month vs. unexposed infants. Exploratory analyses revealed that MSDP was associated with altered methylation of the placental NR3C1 promoter; degree of methylation of the placental NR3C1 was associated with infant basal and reactive cortisol over the first postnatal month and mediated effects of MSDP on infant basal cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Results provide initial support for our hypothesis that MSDP programs offspring HPA (dys)regulation. Epigenetic regulation of placental GR may serve as a novel underlying mechanism. Results may have implications for delineating pathways to adverse outcomes from MSDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Corresponding Author: Laura R. Stroud, Ph.D., Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior The Miriam Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University., 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, Telephone: (401) 793-8194, Fax: (401) 793-8056;
| | - George D. Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, 19141, United States
| | - Meaghan McCallum
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Amy L. Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Maureen G. Phipps
- Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Barry Lester
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Raymond Niaura
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC 20036, United States
| | - James F. Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, United States,Women & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, United States
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth University, Hanover, NH 03755 United States
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Egea RR, Puchalt NG, Escrivá MM, Varghese AC. OMICS: Current and future perspectives in reproductive medicine and technology. J Hum Reprod Sci 2014; 7:73-92. [PMID: 25191020 PMCID: PMC4150148 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.138857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many couples present fertility problems at their reproductive age, and although in the last years, the efficiency of assisted reproduction techniques has increased, these are still far from being 100% effective. A key issue in this field is the proper assessment of germ cells, embryos and endometrium quality, in order to determine the actual likelihood to succeed. Currently available analysis is mainly based on morphological features of oocytes, sperm and embryos and although these strategies have improved the results, there is an urgent need of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The emergence of the - OMICS technologies (epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) permitted the improvement on the knowledge in this field, by providing with a huge amount of information regarding the biological processes involved in reproductive success, thereby getting a broader view of complex biological systems with a relatively low cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rivera Egea
- Andrology Laboratory and Semen Bank, Instituto Universitario, IVI Valencia, Spain
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25
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Gao Z, Zhang G, Yu J, Lu XL, Li JT, Zhang JM. Superovulation does not affect the endocrine activity nor increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1243-9. [PMID: 25106936 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the dual effects of superovulation on the endocrine activity and susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice METHOD The mice were superovaluted. The relative uterine weight, ERα protein expression, and endocrine activity of female offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) were measured. Furthermore, proliferative lesion of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) was assessed by histopathologic examinations. RESULTS There were no significant differences in relative uterine weight, ERα protein expression, incidence of proliferative lesion in mammary glands, and incidence of atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and squamous metaplasia in uterine among the offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) in each group. Likewise, there were no significant intergroup differences in the serum levels of sex related hormones. CONCLUSIONS No significant alterations were found in the endocrine activity and susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice produced by superovaluted oocytes compared with those of naturally conceived offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated hospital of Shandong Tranditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan, China
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26
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Joó JG, Karabélyos C, Héjja H, Kornya L, Rigó J. [Epigenetic mechanisms in physiologic and pathologic pregnancies]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:566-74. [PMID: 24704768 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are nowadays in the focus of scientific interest in medicine including obstetrics. The environment in utero and early neonatal life may induce a permanent response in the fetus and the newborn leading to enhanced susceptibility to later diseases. There is now growing evidence that the effects of developmental programming may also manifest themselves in the next generations without further suboptimal exposure. The so-called fetal programming may also highlight a tight connection between pathological conditions in pregnancy, environmental factors and the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Investigation of epigenetic factors may yield new possibilities for the prevention of chronic diseases affecting a significant part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Gábor Joó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Baross utca 27. 1088
| | | | - Hajnalka Héjja
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Baross utca 27. 1088
| | - László Kornya
- Egyesített Szent István és Szent László Kórház Budapest
| | - János Rigó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Baross utca 27. 1088
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Wei ZT, Lu XL, Zhang G, Yu J, Li H, Jia GH, Li JT, Zhang JM. The long-term effects of superovulation on fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:555-60. [PMID: 24510149 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term effects of superovulation on fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice. METHOD The mice were superovaluted, and the fertility of male offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) were evaluated in terms of the percentage of plugs and pregnancies, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm motility. Furthermore, the sexual behavior of male offspring and sex ratio (F1 generation and F2 generation) were measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the percentage of plug and pregnancies, serum testosterone concentrations, sperm motilities and sex ratio between the offspring in naturally conceived group and superovulation groups (both F1 generation and F2 generation). The sperm hyperactivity at 90 min after incubation of F1 generation in naturally conceived group were higher than that of F1 generation in superovulation group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The offspring produced by superovaluted oocytes (both F1 generation and F2 generation) did not exhibit significant alterations in sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS No significant alterations were found in fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice produced by superovaluted oocytes compared with those of naturally conceived offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Tao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, China, 250000
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Epigenetic reprogramming in Mist1(-/-) mice predicts the molecular response to cerulein-induced pancreatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84182. [PMID: 24465395 PMCID: PMC3897368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is affected by modifications to histone core proteins within chromatin. Changes in these modifications, or epigenetic reprogramming, can dictate cell fate and promote susceptibility to disease. The goal of this study was to determine the extent of epigenetic reprogramming in response to chronic stress that occurs following ablation of MIST1 (Mist1−/−), which is repressed in pancreatic disease. Chromatin immunoprecipitation for trimethylation of lysine residue 4 on histone 3 (H3K4Me3) in purified acinar cells from wild type and Mist1−/− mice was followed by Next Generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) or ChIP-qPCR. H3K4Me3-enriched genes were assessed for expression by qRT-PCR in pancreatic tissue before and after induction of cerulein-induced pancreatitis. While most of H3K4Me3-enrichment is restricted to transcriptional start sites, >25% of enrichment sites are found within, downstream or between annotated genes. Less than 10% of these sites were altered in Mist1−/− acini, with most changes in H3K4Me3 enrichment not reflecting altered gene expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of genes differentially-enriched for H3K4Me3 revealed an association with pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Mist1−/− tissue. Most of these genes were not differentially expressed but several were readily induced by acute experimental pancreatitis, with significantly increased expression in Mist1−/− tissue relative to wild type mice. We suggest that the chronic cell stress observed in the absence of MIST1 results in epigenetic reprogramming of genes involved in promoting pancreatitis to a poised state, thereby increasing the sensitivity to events that promote disease.
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Alexander M, Karmaus W, Holloway JW, Zhang H, Roberts G, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Arshad SH, Ewart S. Effect of GSTM2-5 polymorphisms in relation to tobacco smoke exposures on lung function growth: a birth cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:56. [PMID: 24004509 PMCID: PMC3846453 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variation within GSTM2-5 genes may interfere with detoxification of environmental compounds, thereby having a detrimental effect on lung function following exposures such as tobacco smoke. We aim to investigate the influence of variants and associated methylation in the GSTM gene cluster with changes in lung function growth during adolescence. Methods Growth in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and change in FEV1/FVC ratio measures were obtained from children in the Isle of Wight birth cohort at ages 10 and 18. Illumina GoldenGate assays were used to genotype 10 tagging polymorphisms from GSTM2 (rs574344 and rs12024479), GSTM3 (rs1537236, rs7483, and rs10735234), GSTM4 (rs668413, rs560018, and rs506008), and GSTM5 (rs929166 and rs11807) genes. Diplotypes were generated in the software Phase 3.0.2. DNA methylation was measured in over 450,000 CpG sites using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina 450K) in a subsample of 245 18-year olds from the Isle of Wight birth cohort. Gender, age, in utero smoke exposure, secondhand smoke exposure (SHS), and current smoking status were assessed via questionnaire; smoke exposures were validated with urine cotinine. We used linear mixed models to estimate the effect of GSTM diplotypes on lung function across time and examine interactions with tobacco smoke. Results 1,121 (77%) out of 1,456 children had information on lung function at ages 10 or 18. After adjustment for false discovery rate, one diplotype in GSTM3 had a detrimental effect on changes in FEV1 (p=0.03), and another diplotype in GSTM3 reduced FVC (p=0.02) over time. No significant interactions with smoking were identified. SHS significantly modified the relationship between diplotypes and methylation levels in one GSTM2 CpG site; however, this site did not predict lung function outcomes at age 18. Joint effects of GSTM loci and CpG sites located within these loci on adolescent lung growth were detected. Conclusions Diplotypes within GSTM2-5 genes are associated with lung function growth across adolescence, but do not appear to modify the effect of tobacco smoke exposures on adolescent lung growth. Interactions between DNA methylation and diplotypes should be taken into account to gain further understanding on lung function in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melannie Alexander
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification, capable of controlling gene expression in the contexts of normal traits or diseases. It is highly dynamic during early embryogenesis and remains relatively stable throughout life, and such patterns are intricately related to human development. DNA methylation is a quantitative trait determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic variants at a specific locus can influence both regional and distant DNA methylation. The environment can have varying effects on DNA methylation depending on when the exposure occurs, such as during prenatal life or during adulthood. In particular, cigarette smoking in the context of both current smoking and prenatal exposure is a strong modifier of DNA methylation. Epigenome-wide association studies have uncovered candidate genes associated with cigarette smoking that have biologically relevant functions in the etiology of smoking-related diseases. As such, DNA methylation is a potential mechanistic link between current smoking and cancer, as well as prenatal cigarette-smoke exposure and the development of adult chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when fetal growth rate falls below the genetic potential and affects a significant number of pregnancies, but still no therapy has been developed for this pregnancy disease. This article reviews the most recent findings concerning maternal characteristics and behaviours predisposing to IUGR as well as maternal early markers of the disease. A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with IUGR will help in providing important tools for preventing and understanding adverse outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal nutritional status, diet and exposure to environmental factors are increasingly acknowledged as potential factors affecting fetal growth both by altering nutrient availability to the fetus and by modulating placental gene expression, thus modifying placental function. SUMMARY Assessing nutritional and environmental factors associated with IUGR, and the molecular mechanisms by which they may have a role in the disease onset, is necessary to provide comprehensive and common guidelines for maternal care and recommended behaviours. Moreover, maternal genetic predispositions and early serum markers may allow a better and more specific monitoring of high risk pregnancies, optimizing the timing of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L.Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Suter MA, Anders AM, Aagaard KM. Maternal smoking as a model for environmental epigenetic changes affecting birthweight and fetal programming. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 19:1-6. [PMID: 23139402 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between maternal smoking and low birthweight infants has been well established, the mechanisms behind reduced fetal growth are still being elucidated. While many infants are exposed to tobacco smoke in utero, not all are born growth restricted or small for gestational age. Many hypotheses have emerged to explain the differential response to in utero maternal tobacco smoke exposure (MTSE). Studies have shown that both maternal and fetal genotypes may contribute to the discrepant outcomes. However, the contribution of epigenetic changes cannot be ignored. In this review we address two important questions regarding the effect of MTSE on the fetal epigenome. First, does exposure to maternal tobacco smoke in utero alter the fetal epigenome? Secondly, could these alterations be associated with the reduced fetal growth observed with MTSE?
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Jones 314, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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