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Seo YJ, Lim C, Lim B, Kim JM. Microbial-transcriptome integrative analysis of heat stress effects on amino acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in poultry jejunum. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2331179. [PMID: 38519440 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2331179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the significant threat of heat stress to livestock animals, only a few studies have considered the potential relationship between broiler chickens and their microbiota. Therefore, this study examined microbial modifications, transcriptional changes and host-microbiome interactions using a predicted metabolome data-based approach to understand the impact of heat stress on poultry. After the analysis, the host functional enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to lipid and protein metabolism were elevated under heat stress conditions. In contrast, pathways related to the cell cycle were suppressed under normal environmental temperatures. In line with the transcriptome analysis, the microbial analysis results indicate that taxonomic changes affect lipid degradation. Heat stress engendered statistically significant difference in the abundance of 11 microorganisms, including Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcacea. Together, integrative approach analysis suggests that microbiota-induced metabolites affect host fatty acid peroxidation metabolism, which is correlated with the gene families of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), Acyl-CoA Oxidase (ACOX) and Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase (ACAA). This integrated approach provides novel insights into heat stress problems and identifies potential biomarkers associated with heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwoong Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwi Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dong Y, Gai Z, Han M, Xu J, Zou K. Reduction in Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins Driven by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Longum BL21 is Associated with Gut Microbiota Changes in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10293-5. [PMID: 38829564 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and consequent impairment of gut barrier function, culminating in elevated levels of uremic toxins, are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. These toxins, notably indoxyl sulphate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), are implicated in a spectrum of CKD-related complications, including cardiovascular disease, bone and mineral disorders, and inflammation. The specific impacts of various probiotics on these CKD manifestations remain unexplored. This study delved into the potential of dietary probiotic interventions, particularly Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21, to modulate gut microbiota and mitigate metabolic disorders in a CKD rat model. Over a six-week period, we administered a dietary regimen of BL21 and conducted comprehensive analyses, including serum uremic toxin quantification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to systematically profile gut microbial alterations at the phylogenetic level. Our findings reveal that BL21 intervention significantly ameliorated CKD-induced disruptions in gut microbial populations, enhancing both microbial richness and the relative abundance of key taxa. Importantly, BL21 appeared to exert its beneficial effects by modulating the abundance of crucial species such as Barnesiella and Helicobacter. Functionally, the intervention markedly normalized serum levels of IS, IAA, and TMAO, while potentially attenuating p-cresol sulphate (PCS) and p-cresol glucuronide (PCG) concentrations. Consequently, BL21 demonstrated efficacy in regulating gut microbiota and curtailing the accumulation of uremic toxins. Our results advocate for the utilization of BL21 as a dietary intervention to diminish serum uremic toxins and re-establish gut microbiota equilibrium at the phylogenetic level, underscoring the promise of probiotic strategies in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhonghui Gai
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Minagar A, Jabbour R. The Human Gut Microbiota: A Dynamic Biologic Factory. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38337077 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The human body constitutes a living environment for trillions of microorganisms, which establish the microbiome and, the largest population among them, reside within the gastrointestinal tract, establishing the gut microbiota. The term "gut microbiota" refers to a set of many microorganisms [mainly bacteria], which live symbiotically within the human host. The term "microbiome" means the collective genomic content of these microorganisms. The number of bacterial cells within the gut microbiota exceeds the host's cells; collectively and their genes quantitatively surpass the host's genes. Immense scientific research into the nature and function of the gut microbiota is unraveling its roles in certain human health activities such as metabolic, physiology, and immune activities and also in pathologic states and diseases. Interestingly, the microbiota, a dynamic ecosystem, inhabits a particular environment such as the human mouth or gut. Human microbiota can evolve and even adapt to the host's unique features such as eating habits, genetic makeup, underlying diseases, and even personalized habits. In the past decade, biologists and bioinformaticians have concentrated their research effort on the potential roles of the gut microbiome in the development of human diseases, particularly immune-mediated diseases and colorectal cancer, and have initiated the assessment of the impact of the gut microbiome on the host genome. In the present chapter, we focus on the biological features of gut microbiota, its physiology as a biological factory, and its impacts on the host's health and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Minagar
- Department of Biotechnology (Bioinformatics), University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Rabih Jabbour
- University of Maryland Global Campus, Largo, MD, USA
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Zhang H, Cone JW, Kies AK, Dijkstra J, Hendriks WH, van der Wielen N. In vitro fermentation potential of gut endogenous protein losses of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae181. [PMID: 38995038 PMCID: PMC11253212 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of dietary and endogenous protein in the hindgut is generally considered detrimental to the health of pigs. We investigated the in vitro fermentation potential of porcine endogenous protein in ileal digesta and colonic mucus, using a N-free buffer with an excess of fermentable carbohydrates. Urea, whey protein isolate (WPI, positive control), WPI hydrolysate (WPIH), and combinations of the latter two were used to validate the assay. A new biphasic model, including a linear end simulation, fitted to the gas production data over a 48-h period identified the time point when substrate fermentation ended. A higher degree of hydrolysis of WPI resulted in a higher maximum gas production rate (Rmax, P < 0.01). Differences in Rmax and the time required to reach Rmax were observed among ileal digesta samples, with Rmax increasing with the insoluble protein content, and the highest Rmax occurring with colonic mucus samples (P < 0.05). The endogenous proteins entering the large intestine of pigs can ferment more rapidly compared to highly soluble and digestible protein sources, with Rmax positively correlated with decreasing solubility of endogenous nitrogenous components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - John W Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikkie van der Wielen
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Li M, Feng K, Chen J, Liu T, Wu Y, Mi J, Wang Y. Chinese Herbal Extracts Mitigate Ammonia Generation in the Cecum of Laying Hens: An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2969. [PMID: 37760368 PMCID: PMC10525658 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to screen one or several Chinese herbal extracts with good ammonia emission reduction effects using an in vitro gas production study. The study consisted of a control (without Chinese herbal extract), and 11 experimental groups with added cinnamon extract (CE), Osmanthus extract (OE), tangerine peel extract (TPE), dandelion extract (DE), Coptis chinensis extract (CCE), honeysuckle extract (HE), Pulsatilla root extract (PRE), yucca extract (YE), licorice extract (LE), Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), or astragalus extract (AE). The results showed that HE, PRE, YE, LE, GBE, and AE significantly reduced ammonia production (p ≤ 0.05). The most significant ammonia inhibition was achieved via AE, resulting in a 26.76% reduction. In all treatments, Chinese herbal extracts had no significant effect on pH, conductivity, or uric acid, urea, and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05). However, AE significantly reduced urease activity and the relative activity of uricase (p ≤ 0.05). AE significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Prevotell (p ≤ 0.05). Astragalus extract inhibited ammonia emission from laying hens by changing the gut microbial community structure, reducing the relative abundance of ammonia-producing bacteria, and reducing microorganisms' uricase and urease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Kunxian Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (K.F.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.); (J.M.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Xu T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Lu W, Chen W. Multiomics reveals the mechanism of B. longum in promoting the formation of mixed-species biofilms. Food Funct 2023; 14:8276-8290. [PMID: 37602484 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01751f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been found previously that Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides ovatus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus gasseri can form a biofilm better when co-cultured in vitro and B. longum is the core biofilm-formation-promoting strain in this community. B. longum is part of the core microbiota in the gut and is widely recognized as a probiotic. Therefore, it is necessary to explore its role in mixed-species biofilms through transcriptomics and metabolomics. Metabolomics showed that the increase in amino acid and purine content could promote biofilm formation. In transcriptomic analysis, many genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and environmental tolerance of B. longum were up-regulated. Combined with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of B. longum in mixed-species biofilms were mainly correlated to "quorum sensing (QS)", "ABC transporters", "biosynthesis of amino acids", "microbial metabolism in different environments", "carbohydrate metabolism" and "two-component system". In addition, the rpl and rps gene families, which function in the metabolism of organic substances and the biosynthesis of amino acids, were the core DEGs according to the analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, by combining metabolomics and quorum sensing mechanisms, it was found that the metabolism of autoinducer peptides (proliylglycine and glycylleucine), N-acyl homoserine lactone (N-(3-oxo hydroxy) homoserine lactone), and AI-2 can promote the formation of biofilms, both mono- and mixed-species biofilms composed of B. longum. Our research enabled us to understand the critical role of B. longum in mixed-species biofilms and the interactions between biofilm metabolism and gut health. In addition, the generated knowledge will be of great significance for us to develop biofilm products with beneficial functions in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Wang W, Jiang S, Xu C, Tang L, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu G. Interactions between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: The role of microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:976316. [PMID: 36408101 PMCID: PMC9667037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.976316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as constipation, sleep disorders, and olfactory deficits, may emerge up to 20 years earlier than motor symptoms. A series of evidence indicates that the pathology of PD may occur from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Numerous studies support that the gut microbiota communicates with the brain through the immune system, special amino acid metabolism, and the nervous system in PD. Recently, there is growing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the modulation of multiple neurochemical pathways via the “gut microbiota-brain axis” (GMBA). Many gut microbiota metabolites, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, convey signaling functions as they mediate the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host physiology. Amino acids' abundance and species alteration, including glutamate and tryptophan, may disturb the signaling transmission between nerve cells and disrupt the normal basal ganglia function in PD. Specific amino acids and their receptors are considered new potential targets for ameliorating PD. The present study aimed to systematically summarize all available evidence on the gut microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism alterations associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zhao
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Guoxue Zhu
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8
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Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090834. [PMID: 36144238 PMCID: PMC9505266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings of the host–microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in various physiological processes, as they serve as messengers in the complex dialogue between commensals and host immune and endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight the importance of tryptophan-derived metabolites in host physiology, and summarize the recent findings on the role of tryptophan catabolites in preserving intestinal homeostasis and fine-tuning immune and metabolic responses. Furthermore, we discuss the latest evidence on the effects of microbial tryptophan catabolites, describe their mechanisms of action, and discuss how perturbations of microbial tryptophan metabolism may affect the course of intestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
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9
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Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:603-616. [PMID: 35959705 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammageing is a persistent low-level inflammatory burden that accompanies age-related dysregulation of the immune system during normative aging and within the diseasome of aging. A healthy diet containing a balanced amount of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, adequate in calories and rich in poly(phenols), has an essential role in mitigating the effects of inflammageing and extending healthspan through modulation of the activity of a range of factors. These include transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), the inflammasome and the activities of the gut microbiota. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the potential of food to ameliorate the effects of the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Xiang H, Fang Y, Tan Z, Zhong R. Haemonchus contortus Infection Alters Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Composition, Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Allocations in Lambs. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:797746. [PMID: 35222303 PMCID: PMC8874266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate associations between gastrointestinal microbiota and protein metabolism of lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. Sixteen male Ujumqin lambs (initial body weight = 32.4 ± 3.9 kg) were dewormed and randomly assigned to 2 equal groups, to be infected or not infected with Haemonchus contortus (GIN and CON, respectively). The experiment lasted 77 days. The GIN lambs had lower packed cell volume (PCV) and increased wormegg count (WEC) after 14 days. Furthermore, in infected lambs, there were decreases in apparent digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.011), crude protein (P = 0.004) and ether extract (P = 0.007), as well as decreased ruminal pepsin (P < 0.001) and lipase (P = 0.032) activity but increased ruminal α-amylase (P = 0.004) and cellulase activity (P = 0.002), and decreased jejunal α-amylase activity (P = 0.033). In addition, infection with H. contortus decreased alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbial community in the rumen, abomasum and duodenum, although microbiota associated with carbohydrate and proteolytic metabolism were increased and up to 32 KEGG pathways in the duodenum were predicted to be significantly affected. In conclusion, H. contortus infection in lambs altered the gastrointestinal microbial community composition and disturbed protein digestion and allocation of absorbed amino acids. These results provided insights into consequences of H. contortus infection in lambs and could facilitate development of novel nutritional strategies to improve animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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11
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Teixeira KTR, Moreira LDSG, Borges NA, Brum I, de Paiva BR, Alvarenga L, Nakao LS, Leal VDO, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Rodrigues SD, Lima JD, Ribeiro-Alves M, Mafra D. Effect of cranberry supplementation on toxins produced by the gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease patients: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Steiger S, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Anders HJ. Secondary Immunodeficiency Related to Kidney Disease (SIDKD)-Definition, Unmet Need, and Mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:259-278. [PMID: 34907031 PMCID: PMC8819985 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a known risk factor for poor outcomes of COVID-19 and many other serious infections. Conversely, infection is the second most common cause of death in patients with kidney disease. However, little is known about the underlying secondary immunodeficiency related to kidney disease (SIDKD). In contrast to cardiovascular disease related to kidney disease, which has triggered countless epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental research activities or interventional trials, investments in tracing, understanding, and therapeutically targeting SIDKD have been sparse. As a call for more awareness of SIDKD as an imminent unmet medical need that requires rigorous research activities at all levels, we review the epidemiology of SIDKD and the numerous aspects of the abnormal immunophenotype of patients with kidney disease. We propose a definition of SIDKD and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of SIDKD known thus far, including more recent insights into the unexpected immunoregulatory roles of elevated levels of FGF23 and hyperuricemia and shifts in the secretome of the intestinal microbiota in kidney disease. As an ultimate goal, we should aim to develop therapeutics that can reduce mortality due to infections in patients with kidney disease by normalizing host defense to pathogens and immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Utembe W, Kamng'ona AW. Gut microbiota-mediated pesticide toxicity in humans: Methodological issues and challenges in the risk assessment of pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129817. [PMID: 33736210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that pesticides can disrupt the functioning of gut microbiota (GM), which can lead to many diseases in humans. While the tests developed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are expected to capture most apical effects resulting from GM disruptions, exclusion of GM in the risk assessment might mischaracterize hazards or overestimate/underestimate risks, especially when extrapolating results from one species to another species or population with a substantially different GM. On the other hand, direct assessment of GM-mediated effects may face challenges in identifying hazards, since not all GM perturbations will lead to human adverse effects. In this regard, reliable and validated biomarkers for common GM-mediated adverse effects may be very useful in the identification of GM-mediated pesticide toxicity. Nevertheless, proving causality of GM-mediated effects will need modifications of Bradford Hill criteria as well as Koch's postulates, which are more suitable for the "one-pathogen" paradigm. Furthermore, risk assessment of GM-mediated effects may require pesticide toxicokinetics along the gut, possibly through modeling, and the establishment of the involvement of GM in the mechanism of action (MOA) of the pesticide. Risk assessment of GM mediated effects also requires the standardization of experimental approaches as well as the establishment of microbial reference communities, since variations exist among GM in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells Utembe
- Toxicology Department, National Institute for Occupational Health (a division of the National Health Laboratory Service), Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa; Department of Environmental Heath, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.
| | - Arox Wadson Kamng'ona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University Of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
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14
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Mosterd CM, Kanbay M, van den Born BJH, van Raalte DH, Rampanelli E. Intestinal microbiota and diabetic kidney diseases: the Role of microbiota and derived metabolites inmodulation of renal inflammation and disease progression. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101484. [PMID: 33546983 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a growing public health burden and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney diseases. In recent years, host-gut microbiota interactions have emerged as an integral part for host homeostasis. In the context of nephropathies, mounting evidence supports a bidirectional microbiota-kidney crosstalk, which becomes particularly manifest during progressive kidney dysfunction. Indeed, in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the "healthy" microbiota structure is disrupted and intestinal microbes produce large quantities of uremic solutes responsible for renal damage; on the other hand, the uremic state, fueled by reduced renal clearance, causes shifts in microbial metabolism and composition, hence creating a vicious cycle in which dysbiosis and renal dysfunction are progressively worsened. In this review, we will summarize the evidence from clinical/experimental studies concerning the occurrence of gut dysbiosis in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD, discuss the functional consequences of dysbiosis for CKD progression and debate putative therapeutic interventions targeting the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mosterd
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B J H van den Born
- Department of Nephrology and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - D H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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16
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Wu L, Tang Z, Chen H, Ren Z, Ding Q, Liang K, Sun Z. Mutual interaction between gut microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism for host mucosal immunity and health. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:11-16. [PMID: 33997326 PMCID: PMC8110859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have shown that the intestinal microflora has various effects that are linked to the critical physiological functions and pathological systems of the host. The intestinal microbial community is widely involved in the metabolism of food components such as protein, which is one of the essential nutrients in diets. Additionally, dietary protein/amino acids have been shown to have had a profound impact on profile and operation of gut microbiota. This review summarizes the current literature on the mutual interaction between intestinal microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism for host mucosal immunity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongxiang Ren
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qi Ding
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kaiyang Liang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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17
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de Andrade LS, Sardá FAH, Pereira NBF, Teixeira RR, Rodrigues SD, de Lima JD, Dalboni MA, Aoike DT, Nakao LS, Cuppari L. Effect of Unripe Banana Flour on Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins in Individuals Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:646. [PMID: 33671166 PMCID: PMC7922008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the accumulation of gut-derived metabolites, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), has been associated with the burden of the disease. In this context, prebiotics emerge as a strategy to mitigate the accumulation of such compounds, by modulating the gut microbiota and production of their metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of unripe banana flour (UBF-48% resistant starch, a prebiotic) on serum concentrations of IS, pCS, and IAA in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted. Forty-three individuals on PD were randomized to sequential treatment with UBF (21 g/day) and placebo (waxy corn starch-12 g/day) for 4 weeks, or vice versa (4-week washout). The primary outcomes were total and free serum levels of IS, pCS, and IAA. Secondary outcomes were 24 h urine excretion and dialysis removal of IS, pCS, and IAA, serum inflammatory markers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], serum lipopolysaccharide LPS, and dietary intake. Of the 43 individuals randomized, 26 completed the follow-up (age = 55 ± 12 years; 53.8% men). UBF did not promote changes in serum levels of IS (p = 0.70), pCS (p = 0.70), and IAA (p = 0.74). Total serum IS reduction was observed in a subgroup of participants (n = 11; placebo: median 79.5 μmol/L (31-142) versus UBF: 62.5 μmol/L (31-133), p = 0.009) who had a daily UBF intake closer to that proposed in the study. No changes were observed in other secondary outcomes. UBF did not promote changes in serum levels of IS or pCS and IAA; a decrease in IS was only found in the subgroup of participants who were able to take 21g/day of the UBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Santos de Andrade
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.S.d.A.); (N.B.F.P.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Fabiana Andréa Hoffmann Sardá
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | | | - Renata Rodrigues Teixeira
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.S.d.A.); (N.B.F.P.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Silvia Daniéle Rodrigues
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná—UFPR, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.D.R.); (L.S.N.)
| | - Jordana Dinorá de Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná—UFPR, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Maria Aparecida Dalboni
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho—UNINOVE, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil;
| | - Danilo Takashi Aoike
- Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu, 720/740, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | - Lia Sumie Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná—UFPR, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.D.R.); (L.S.N.)
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.S.d.A.); (N.B.F.P.); (R.R.T.)
- Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu, 720/740, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Dialysis Department, Hospital do Rim—Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, São Paulo 04038-002, Brazil
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18
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Wu H, Tang D, Zheng F, Li S, Zhang X, Yin L, Liu F, Dai Y. Identification of a novel interplay between intestinal bacteria and metabolites in Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy via integrated microbiome and metabolome approaches. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:32. [PMID: 33553325 PMCID: PMC7859797 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis. The intestinal microbial ecosystem and metabolic network of IgAN have not been systematically analyzed. The present study aims to improve understanding of the gut microbiota and its metabolic capabilities to facilitate the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic methods for IgAN. Methods We characterized the gut microbiota and metabolic patterns of fecal and serum samples of IgAN patients and healthy controls from the south of China using 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, and bioinformatics approaches. Results We found that the relative abundances of Streptococcus and Enterococcus were higher in IgAN patients, whereas Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides were lower. Changes in the gut microbiota of IgAN affected the metabolism and absorbance of microbiota-associated metabolites, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids, free amino acid, and oligopeptides, and activated the phenylalanine metabolism pathway, thereby constructing a unique metabolic system of IgAN. We identified six pivotal metabolites, including bilirubin, trimethoprim, stearamide, phenylalanine, cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid, and phosphatidylethanolamine 17:0, that connected the metabolic networks of the gut and blood. Additionally, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid were shown to be associated with the classification of glomerular sclerosis. Conclusions We establish a relational network between microbiota, fecal metabolites, and serum metabolites in IgAN. The core microbiota and metabolites identified have promising value in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donge Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Lacatusu CM, Floria M, Serban IL. Genetic Basis of Tiller Dynamics of Rice Revealed by Genome-Wide Association Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123719. [PMID: 33276482 PMCID: PMC7760723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tiller number is the key determinant of rice plant architecture and panicle number and consequently controls grain yield. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the tiller number to achieve the maximum yield in rice. However, comprehensive analyses of the genetic basis of the tiller number, considering the development stage, tiller type, and related traits, are lacking. In this study, we sequence 219 Korean rice accessions and construct a high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset. We also evaluate the tiller number at different development stages and heading traits involved in phase transitions. By genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we detected 20 significant association signals for all traits. Five signals were detected in genomic regions near known candidate genes. Most of the candidate genes were involved in the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In particular, HD1 was simultaneously associated with the productive tiller ratio and heading date, indicating that the photoperiodic heading gene directly controls the productive tiller ratio. Multiple linear regression models of lead SNPs showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.49, 0.22, and 0.41 for the tiller number at the maximum tillering stage, productive tiller number, and productive tiller ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the model was validated using independent japonica rice collections, implying that the lead SNPs included in the linear regression model were generally applicable to the tiller number prediction. We revealed the genetic basis of the tiller number in rice plants during growth, By GWASs, and formulated a prediction model by linear regression. Our results improve our understanding of tillering in rice plants and provide a basis for breeding high-yield rice varieties with the optimum the tiller number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ecaterina Neculae
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.L.H.); (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.L.H.); (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.L.H.); (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
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20
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Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase modulation by food components: predictive, preventive, and personalized strategies for novel treatment options in chronic kidney disease. EPMA J 2020; 11:565-579. [PMID: 33240450 PMCID: PMC7680467 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes phosphate monoesters' hydrolysis from organic compounds, an essential process in cell signaling. Four AP isozymes have been described in humans, placental AP, germ cell AP, tissue nonspecific AP, and intestinal AP (IAP). IAP plays a crucial role in gut microbial homeostasis, nutrient uptake, and local and systemic inflammation, and its dysfunction is associated with persistent inflammatory disorders. AP is a strong predictor of mortality in the general population and patients with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known about IAP modulation and its possible consequences in CKD, a disease characterized by gut microbiota imbalance and persistent low-grade inflammation. Mitigating inflammation and dysbiosis can prevent cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD, and monitoring factors such as IAP can be useful for predicting those complications. Here, we review IAP's role and the results of nutritional interventions targeting IAP in experimental models to prevent alterations in the gut microbiota, which could be a possible target of predictive, preventive, personalized medicine (PPPM) to avoid CKD complications. Microbiota and some nutrients may activate IAP, which seems to have a beneficial impact on health; however, data on CKD remains scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Alvarenga
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF) Federal Fluminense University Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. F. M. F. Cardozo
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brazil
| | - B. Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF) Federal Fluminense University Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brazil
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21
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Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:153-171. [PMID: 32963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
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22
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Soy bioactive peptides and the gut microbiota modulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9009-9017. [PMID: 32945899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The balance of protein, carbohydrate, and fat affect the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. The complexities involved thereof require insights into the roles and impacts of individual dietary components due to the difficulty of defining such in a group of others. Peptides and proteins from several animal and plant sources have been widely explored in relation to the gut microbiome modulation, but the effects of soy peptides and other soy derivatives on the gut microbiota are largely unexplored. This piece considered an overview of the production and interventions of soy bioactive peptides on gut, as they affect the composition and functions of the gut microorganisms. A mini review on the production of soy protein hydrolysates/peptides and highlights of the most recent knowledge regarding their physiological effects on host's gut microbiota cum health were investigated. Overall deductions and research gaps were critically evaluated for futuristic interventions and relevance. Key points • Diet affects the composition of gut microorganisms. • Modulation of the gut microbiota by soy biopeptides is described. • Critical deductions on personal and commercial use are provided.
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Graboski AL, Redinbo MR. Gut-Derived Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090590. [PMID: 32932981 PMCID: PMC7551879 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts more than 500 million people worldwide and is one of the fastest growing global causes of mortality. When glomerular filtration rate begins to fall, uremic toxins accumulate in the serum and significantly increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and other causes. Several of the most harmful uremic toxins are produced by the gut microbiota. Furthermore, many such toxins are protein-bound and are therefore recalcitrant to removal by dialysis. We review the derivation and pathological mechanisms of gut-derived, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs). We further outline the emerging relationship between kidney disease and gut dysbiosis, including the bacterial taxa altered, the regulation of microbial uremic toxin-producing genes, and their downstream physiological and neurological consequences. Finally, we discuss gut-targeted therapeutic strategies employed to reduce PBUTs. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is a promising approach for the treatment of CKD by blocking the serum accumulation of PBUTs that cannot be eliminated by dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Graboski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Fernandes ALF, Borges NA, Black AP, dos Anjos J, da Silva GS, Nakao LS, Mafra D. Dietary intake of tyrosine and phenylalanine, and p-cresyl sulfate plasma levels in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:307-314. [PMID: 32459280 PMCID: PMC7657053 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition, leading to increased production of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), product from bacterial fermentation of the amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) from the diet. Thus, diet may be a determinant in the uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between Tyr and Phe intake and PCS plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS Twenty-seven non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3 and 4) without previous nutritional intervention were evaluated. The dietary intake was evaluated using a 24-hour recall, 3-day food record and protein intake was also estimated by Protein Nitrogen Appearance (PNA). The plasma levels of PCS were measured using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The evaluated patients (GRF, 34.8 ± 12.4 mL/min, 54.2 ± 14.3 years, BMI, 29.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2) presented mean protein intake of 1.1 ± 0.5 g/kg/day), Tyr of 4.5 ± 2.4 g/day and Phe of 4.6 ± 2.5 g/day. PCS plasma levels (20.4 ± 15.5 mg/L) were elevated and positively associated with both, Tyr (r = 0.58, p = 0.002) and Phe intake (r = 0.53, p = 0.005), even after adjustments for eGFR and age. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the diet is an important modulator of the uremic toxins plasma levels produced by the gut microbiota, in non-dialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia A. Borges
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Black
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Lia S. Nakao
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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Ondrussek-Sekac M, Navas-Carrillo D, Orenes-Piñero E. Intestinal microbiota alterations in chronic kidney disease and the influence of dietary components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1490-1502. [PMID: 32393049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, as in many other diseases, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been reported as a disturbance or imbalance of the normal microbiome content that could disrupt the symbiotic relationship between the host and associated microbes, a disruption that can result in diseases. The disruption of gut barrier function allows the translocation of endotoxins and bacterial metabolites to the organism, thus contributing to uremic toxicity, inflammation and progression of chronic kidney disease. Increased intake of some nutrients and different nutritional strategies have been proposed to modulate gut microbiota, thus offering the opportunity for therapeutic interventions modifying the diet, decreasing uremic toxins production, increasing toxin excretion and finally modifying the normal microbiome content. The use of probiotics, prebiotics and low protein diets, among other approaches, could also improve this imbalance and/or decrease permeability of the intestinal barrier. In this review, the link between nutrients, microbiota and uremic toxins with chronic kidney disease progression has been studied thoroughly. Furthermore, this review outlines potential mechanisms of action and efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and low protein diets as a new chronic kidney disease management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Ondrussek-Sekac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Esteban Orenes-Piñero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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26
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Cho JA, Baek SY, Cheong SH, Kim MR. Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041187. [PMID: 32344533 PMCID: PMC7231069 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects. Therefore, it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children's growth. Spirulina platensis is known for its high antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunity-enhancing properties, as well as its high digestibility and high protein content, but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism and antioxidant profiles of three-week-old growing male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 17 per group) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0% (control), 30% (SP30), 50% (SP50), and 70% (SP70) of casein protein replaced by spirulina, respectively, for seven weeks. We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities, as well its increased antioxidant activity. These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary supplement and alternative protein source with antioxidant benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Seong Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea;
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-6837
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27
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Effect of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3755-3766. [PMID: 32112136 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dysbiosis contributes to the progression of renal failure and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. Probiotics is a promising intervention to improving intestinal dysbiosis. A double-blind clinical trial to investigate the ability of probiotics to modulate gut microbiota compositions in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) was undertaken. METHODS Fifty HD patients were enrolled and randomized, receiving either probiotics or placebo for 6 months. The responses to the interventions on gut microbiome, serum and fecal metabolome, serum albumin and endotoxin, endothelial activation markers and inflammatory markers were assessed. RESULTS Totally, 22 in the probiotics group (11 males; 14 non-diabetic) and 23 in the placebo group (13 males; 17 non-diabetic) completed the study. Compared to that in the placebo group, probiotics did not significantly alter species diversity of the fecal microbiome. Probiotics did, however, restore the community composition, with particular significance in non-diabetic HD patients (P = 0.007 by Adonis analysis). Specifically, according to the results of linear discriminate analysis effect size, probiotics raised the proportions of family Bacteroidaceae and Enterococcaceae, and reduced Ruminococcaceae, Halomonadaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis and Erysipelotrichaceae in non-diabetic HD patients. Additionally, probiotics reduced the abundances of several uremic retention solutes in serum or feces, including indole-3-acetic acid-O-glucuronide, 3-guanidinopropionic acid, and 1-methylinosine (P < 0.05). In the probiotic arm, no significant changes were observed in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, outcomes from this study suggest that probiotics do have benefits on improving intestinal imbalances and lowering exposure to several uremic toxins in HD patients.
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de Paiva BR, Esgalhado M, Borges NA, Kemp JA, Alves G, Leite PEC, Macedo R, Cardozo LFMF, de Brito JS, Mafra D. Resistant starch supplementation attenuates inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:549-555. [PMID: 32008198 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular risk, so many nutritional strategies are being studied to reduce these complications. Resistant starch (RS) can be considered a prebiotic that promotes many benefits, including modulation of gut microbiota which is linked to immune-modulatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RS supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD). METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted with sixteen HD patients (55.3 ± 10.05 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.9 ± 5.42 kg/m2, 56% men, time on dialysis 38.9 ± 29.23 months). They were allocated to the RS group (16 g RS/day) or placebo group (manioc flour). The serum concentration of ten cytokines and growth factors was detected through a multiparametric immunoassay based on XMap-labeled magnetic microbeads (Luminex Corp, USA) before and after 4 weeks with RS supplementation. RESULTS After RS supplementation, there was a reduction of Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (p < 0.001), platelet-derived growth factor (two B subunits) (p = 0.014) and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) (p = 0.027). The other parameters did not change significantly. CONCLUSION This preliminary result indicates that RS may contribute to a desirable profile of inflammatory markers in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Regis de Paiva
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. .,Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Rua Marquês do Paraná nº 303, 4º andar, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marta Esgalhado
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Julie Ann Kemp
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Alves
- Clinical Research Unit, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and in Vitro Toxicology, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Science-Dimav, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology-INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Macedo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jessyca Sousa de Brito
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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29
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Anjos JSD, Cardozo LFMDF, Black AP, Santos da Silva G, Vargas Reis DCMD, Salarolli R, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Mafra D. Effects of Low Protein Diet on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 Gene Expression in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Ren Nutr 2020; 30:46-52. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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30
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Simeoni M, Citraro ML, Cerantonio A, Deodato F, Provenzano M, Cianfrone P, Capria M, Corrado S, Libri E, Comi A, Pujia A, Abenavoli L, Andreucci M, Cocchi M, Montalcini T, Fuiano G. An open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effectiveness of a novel probiotics administration protocol (ProbiotiCKD) in patients with mild renal insufficiency (stage 3a of CKD). Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2145-2156. [PMID: 30076458 PMCID: PMC6647244 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gut dysbiosis has been described in advanced, but not in initial stages of CKD. Considering the relevant impact of gut dysbiosis on renal and cardiovascular risk, its diagnosis and treatment are clinically relevant. METHODS We designed, open-label, placebo-controlled intervention study (ProbiotiCKD) to evaluate gut microbiota metabolism in a cohort of KDIGO CKD patients (n = 28) at baseline and after a randomly assigned treatment with probiotics or placebo. Gut microbiota status was evaluated on:. RESULTS Basal mean fecal Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria concentrations were abnormally low in both groups, while urinary indican and 3-MI levels were, indicating a mixed (fermentative and putrefactive) dysbiosis. After treatment, mean fecal Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria concentrations were increased, only in the probiotics group (p < 0.001). Conversely, mean urinary indican and 3-MI levels only in the group treated with probiotics (p < 0.001). Compared to placebo group, significant improvements of C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), iron (p < 0.001), ferritin (p < 0.001), transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), β2-microglobulin (p < 0.001), serum iPTH and serum calcium were observed only in the probiotics group. CONCLUSIONS ProbiotiCKD is the first intervention study demonstrating that an intestinal mixed dysbiosis is present even in early CKD stage and can be effectively corrected by the novel mode of administration of high-quality probiotics with improvement of inflammatory indices, iron status and iPTH stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy.
| | - Maria Lucia Citraro
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cerantonio
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Francesca Deodato
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Paola Cianfrone
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Maria Capria
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Silvia Corrado
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Emanuela Libri
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Comi
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Digestive Physiopathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Massimo Cocchi
- "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for Research in Quantitative and Quantum Psychiatry and Cardiology, LUdeS, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Esgalhado M, Kemp JA, Azevedo R, Paiva BR, Stockler-Pinto MB, Dolenga CJ, Borges NA, Nakao LS, Mafra D. Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2019; 9:6508-6516. [PMID: 30468238 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance of gut microbiota is considered a new cardiovascular risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, since it is directly associated with increased uremic toxin production, inflammation and oxidative stress. Strategies such as prebiotic supplementation have been suggested to mitigate these complications. We hypothesized that prebiotic-resistant starch could ameliorate uremic toxins levels, oxidative stress, and inflammatory states in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This pilot study evaluated 31 HD patients assigned to either resistant starch (16 g of resistant starch Hi-Maize® 260) or placebo (manioc flour) supplementation, which they received for 4 weeks on alternate days through cookies on dialysis days and powder in a sachet on non-dialysis days. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances plasma (TBARS), protein carbonylation, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate were measured. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as, food intake were also evaluated. As expected, resistant starch group increased fiber intake (p > 0.01), in addition the prebiotic supplementation reduced IL-6 (p = 0.01), TBARS (p > 0.01), and IS (p > 0.01) plasma levels. No significant differences were evident in the placebo group. Prebiotic-resistant starch supplementation seems to be a promising nutritional strategy to improve inflammation, oxidative stress and to reduce IS plasma levels in CKD patients on HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esgalhado
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Mafra D, Borges N, Alvarenga L, Esgalhado M, Cardozo L, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Dietary Components That May Influence the Disturbed Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E496. [PMID: 30818761 PMCID: PMC6471287 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalance is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associates with factors such as increased circulating levels of gut-derived uremic toxins, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are linked to cardiovascular disease and increased morbimortality. Different nutritional strategies have been proposed to modulate gut microbiota, and could potentially be used to reduce dysbiosis in CKD. Nutrients like proteins, fibers, probiotics, and synbiotics are important determinants of the composition of gut microbiota and specific bioactive compounds such as polyphenols present in nuts, berries. and fruits, and curcumin, may also play a key role in this regard. However, so far, there are few studies on dietary components influencing the gut microbiota in CKD, and it is therefore not possible to conclude which nutrients should be prioritized in the diet of patients with CKD. In this review, we discuss some nutrients, diet patterns and bioactive compounds that may be involved in the modulation of gut microbiota in CKD and provide the background and rationale for studies exploring whether nutritional interventions with these dietary components could be used to alleviate the gut dysbiosis in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
| | - Natália Borges
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
| | - Marta Esgalhado
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
| | - Ludmila Cardozo
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 24220-900, Brazil.
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kemp JA, Esgalhado M, Macedo RA, Regis B, Damasceno NRT, da Silva Torres EAF, Gonçalinho GHF, Borges NA, Nakao LS, Fouque D, Mafra D. A possible link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and uremic toxins from the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients: A hypothesis. Hemodial Int 2019; 23:189-197. [PMID: 30779317 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) are albumin-bound uremic toxins that are difficult to remove by hemodialysis (HD). Human serum albumin (HSA) carries several compounds, including fatty acids that can bind to site II of HSA and represent competing ligands for uremic toxins. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fatty acids and uremic toxin plasma levels in patients undergoing HD. METHODS Thirty-three HD patients (51.5% male, 54.9 ± 10.2 years old, 44.63 ± 28.4 months on HD, albumin level of 3.8 ± 0.3 g/dL) were evaluated. The erythrocyte fatty acid content (saturated fatty acid [SFA], monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA], and polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA]) was measured by gas chromatography, and total IS and p-CS plasma levels were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FINDINGS The mean percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA and gamma-linolenic (GLA) acid in the erythrocyte membrane were 1.35% ± 0.74%, 1.85% ± 0.79%, and 0.33% ± 0.26%, respectively. The mean levels of IS and p-CS were 19.4 ± 11.9 mg/dL and 101.5 ± 57.2 mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant association between SFA and MUFA and IS and p-CS; however, a negative correlation was found between p-CS and specific PUFAs, and the association between GLA and p-CS levels was retained after adjusting for potential confounding variables (β = -0.49, P = 0.007). DISCUSSION Polyunsaturated fatty acids may contribute to the decrease in p-CS uremic toxin plasma levels in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Kemp
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Esgalhado
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Azevedo Macedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Natália Alvarenga Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Sumie Nakao
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu JR, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. J Transl Med 2019; 17:5. [PMID: 30602367 PMCID: PMC6317198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or disease). Recent technological advances and efforts in metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to a dramatical growth in our understanding of microbiome, but still, the mechanisms underlying gut microbiome–host interactions in healthy or diseased state remain elusive and their elucidation is in infancy. Disruption of the normal gut microbiota may lead to intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as a result of gut microbiota alteration, including indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl sulphate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, all implicated in the variant processes of kidney diseases development. This review focuses on the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and kidney diseases (the gut–kidney axis), covering CKD, IgA nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, acute kidney injury, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in clinic. Targeted interventions including probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic measures are discussed for their potential of re-establishing symbiosis, and more effective strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases patients are suggested. The novel insights into the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in kidney diseases are helpful to develop novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating kidney diseases and complications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Fernandes R, Viana SD, Nunes S, Reis F. Diabetic gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging and immunosenescence condition that fosters progression of retinopathy and nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1876-1897. [PMID: 30287404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and life expectancy of diabetic patients fosters the worldwide prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy, two major microvascular complications that have been difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota (GM) has become a lively field research in the last years; there is a growing recognition that altered intestinal microbiota composition and function can directly impact the phenomenon of ageing and age-related disorders. In fact, human GM, envisaged as a potential source of novel therapeutics, strongly modulates host immunity and metabolism. It is now clear that gut dysbiosis and their products (e.g. p-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine‑N‑oxide) dictate a secretory associated senescence phenotype and chronic low-grade inflammation, features shared in the physiological process of ageing ("inflammaging") as well as in T2DM ("metaflammation") and in its microvascular complications. This review provides an in-depth look on the crosstalk between GM, host immunity and metabolism. Further, it characterizes human GM signatures of elderly and T2DM patients. Finally, a comprehensive scrutiny of recent molecular findings (e.g. epigenetic changes) underlying causal relationships between GM dysbiosis and diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy complications is pinpointed, with the ultimate goal to unravel potential pathophysiological mechanisms that may be explored, in a near future, as personalized disease-modifying therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yang Y, Wu H, Dong S, Jin W, Han K, Ren Y, Zeng M. Glycation of fish protein impacts its fermentation metabolites and gut microbiota during in vitro human colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2018; 113:189-196. [PMID: 30195513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentation properties of fish protein (FP) glycated with glucose at two different heating time (24 h and 48 h, 50 °C, GFP24 and GFP48), using an in vitro batch fermentation model of human distal colon. The heated fish protein in absent of glucose was also as controls. The lower glycation extent of fish protein, with a lower browning intensity and bound sugar, enhanced the production of acetate and propionate. The formation of indole and ammonia was inhibited by the glycation of fish protein, but less affected by its glycation extent. Compared to FP, the glycation of fish protein significantly increased (p < .05) the relative abundance of genera Lactococcus for GFP24 (47%) and GFP48 (71%), whereas decreased dominant genera Bacteroides for GFP24 (32%) and GFP48 (23%). Compared to GFP24, GFP48 indicated significantly higher relative abundance of Holdemania, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, and lower amounts of Parabacteroides (p < .05). In the meantime, the heated treatments in the absent of glucose resulted in the increase of some genera Dialister, Arobacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella, and also ammonia production. Furthermore, the correlation analysis confirmed that the glycation of fish protein for the decrease of ammonia and indole production was associated with the changes of some proteolytic bacteria genera, including Bacteroides, Dialister and Parabacteroides. Thus, the glycated fish protein rich in Amadori products greatly change the profiles of fermentation metabolite and gut microbiota, and these changes can have a potential impact on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Weiya Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kaining Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yanmei Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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Anjos JS, Cardozo LF, Esgalhado M, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Fouque D, Mafra D. Could Low-Protein Diet Modulate Nrf2 Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease? J Ren Nutr 2018; 28:229-234. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Fontes BC, dos Anjos JS, Black AP, Moreira NX, Mafra D. Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management. J Bras Nefrol 2018; 40:225-232. [PMID: 29944154 PMCID: PMC6533945 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular mortality, and among the risk factors are dyslipidemia and obesity, common findings in the early stages of CKD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low protein diet (LPD) on the lipid and anthropometric profile in non-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS Forty CKD patients were studied (20 men, 62.7 ± 15.2 years, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 26.16 ± 9.4 mL/min/1.73m2). LPD (0.6g/kg/d) was prescribed for six months and, biochemical and anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat mass (assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) were evaluated before and after six months with LPD. RESULTS After six months of nutritional intervention, patients presented reduction on BMI (from 28.1 ± 5.6 to 27.0 ± 5.3 Kg/m2, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (from 199.7 ± 57.1 to 176.0 ± 43.6mg/dL, p = 0.0001), LDL (from 116.2 ± 48.1 to 97.4 ± 39.1 mg/dL, p = 0,001) and uric acid (from 6.8 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.004). In addition, GFR values were increased from 26.2 ± 9.5 to 28.9 ± 12.7mL/min (p = 0.02). The energy, proteins, cholesterol and fiber intake were reduced significantly. CONCLUSION LPD prescribe to non-dialysis CKD patients for six months was able to improve some cardiovascular risk factors as overweight and plasma lipid profile, suggesting that LPD can be also an important tool for protection against cardiovascular diseases in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carvalho Fontes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana Saraiva dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Black
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nara Xavier Moreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Nutrição, Departamento
de Nutrição e Dietética, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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Rostami FM, Mousavi H, Mousavi MRN, Shahsafi M. Efficacy of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Black AP, Anjos JS, Cardozo L, Carmo FL, Dolenga CJ, Nakao LS, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Rosado A, Carraro Eduardo JC, Mafra D. Does Low-Protein Diet Influence the Uremic Toxin Serum Levels From the Gut Microbiota in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients? J Ren Nutr 2018; 28:208-214. [PMID: 29439931 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of low-protein diet (LPD) on uremic toxins and the gut microbiota profile in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Longitudinal study with 30 nondialysis CKD patients (stage 3-4) undergoing LPD for 6 months. Adherence to the diet was evaluated based on the calculation of protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance from the 24-hour urine analysis. Good adherence to LPD was considered when protein intake was from 90% to 110% of the prescribed amount (0.6 g/kg/day). Food intake was analyzed by the 24-hour recall method. The anthropometric, biochemical and lipid profile parameters were measured according to standard methods. Uremic toxin serum levels (indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, indole-3-acetic acid) were obtained by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Fecal samples were collected to evaluate the gut microbiota profile through polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS 23.0 program software. RESULTS Patients who adhered to the diet (n = 14) (0.7 ± 0.2 g/kg/day) presented an improvement in renal function (nonsignificant) and reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (183.9 ± 48.5-155.7 ± 37.2 mg/dL, P = .01; 99.4 ± 41.3-76.4 ± 33.2 mg/dL, P = .01, respectively). After 6 months of nutricional intervention, p-cresyl sulfate serum levels were reduced significantly in patients who adhered to the LPD (19.3 [9.6-24.7] to 15.5 [9.8-24.1] mg/L, P = .03), and in contrast, the levels were increased in patients who did not adhere (13.9 [8.0-24.8] to 24.3 [8.1-39.2] mg/L, P = .004). In addition, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique, it was observed change in the intestinal microbiota profile after LPD intervention in both groups, and the number of bands was positively associated with protein intake (r = 0.44, P = .04). CONCLUSION LPD seems be a good strategy to reduce the uremic toxins production by the gut microbiota in nondialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Black
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Juliana S Anjos
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Cardozo
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Carmo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla J Dolenga
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
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de Andrade LS, Ramos CI, Cuppari L. The cross-talk between the kidney and the gut: implications for chronic kidney disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rizzetto F, Leal VDO, Bastos LS, Fouque D, Mafra D. Chronic kidney disease progression: a retrospective analysis of 3-year adherence to a low protein diet. Ren Fail 2017; 39:357-362. [PMID: 28152653 PMCID: PMC6014383 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1282374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential benefits and dangers of dietary protein restriction in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still controversial. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low protein diet (LPD) on the renal function in nondialysis CKD patients. A retrospective study was conducted from 321 nondialysis CKD patient's medical files (65.1 ± 12.7 yrs, 58.2% men). These patients received individualized dietary protein prescription (0.6-0.8 g protein/kg/day). Protein intake was evaluated by food diary and 24 h-food recall. Adherence to the LPD was considered when patients intake from 90 to 110% of the prescribed amount of protein. The patients were divided into 4 groups: (G1) adherent diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (n = 83); (G2) non-adherent DM patients (n = 106); (G3) adherent non-DM patients (n = 75); (G4) non-adherent non-DM patients (n = 57). Renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Both groups of patients (DM and non-DM) that adhered to the LPD showed significant improvement in eGFR (G1: 38.7 ± 13.2 mL/min to 51.1 ± 17.0 mL/min (p < 0.001); G3: 35.1 ± 16.8 mL/min to 46.8 ± 21.4 mL/min (p < 0.001)). In adherent patients, no differences in albumin and BMI were observed at the end of follow up. In non-adherent patients, eGFR significantly decreased in DM group (G2: 44.2 ± 18.5 mL/min to 38.2 ± 15.8 mL/min (p = 0.003)). According to multivariate analysis, annual changes in eGFR were not independent associated with age, gender, BMI, lipid profile, bicarbonate or smoking status. In summary, adherence to low protein diet could be able to improve serum creatinine and eGFR, well-known markers of renal function. However, prospective studies are needed to control confounders which affect renal function and CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Esgalhado M, Kemp JA, Damasceno NR, Fouque D, Mafra D. Short-chain fatty acids: a link between prebiotics and microbiota in chronic kidney disease. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1413-1425. [PMID: 29027814 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, the human gut microbiota performs several activities essential to the body health. In contrast, their imbalances exacerbate some actions which can promote a cascade of metabolic abnormalities, and vice versa. Numerous diseases, including chronic kidney disease, are associated with gut microbiota imbalance, and among several strategies to re-establish gut symbiosis, prebiotics seem to represent an effective nonpharmacological approach. Prebiotics fermentation by gut microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids, which improve the gut barrier integrity and function, and modulate the glucose and lipid metabolism as well as the inflammatory response and immune system. Therefore, this literature review intends to discuss the beneficial effects of prebiotics in human health through short-chain fatty acids production, with a particular interest on chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esgalhado
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie A Kemp
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nagila Rt Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Nutrition, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, University Lyon, UCBL, Inserm Carmen, CENS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mafra D, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMDF, Anjos JS, Black AP, Moraes C, Bergman P, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Red meat intake in chronic kidney disease patients: Two sides of the coin. Nutrition 2017; 46:26-32. [PMID: 29290351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Red meat is an important dietary source of high biological value protein and micronutrients such as vitamins, iron, and zinc that exert many beneficial functions. However, high consumption of animal protein sources, especially red meat, results in an increased intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, iron, and salt, as well as an excessive acid load. Red meat intake may lead to an elevated production of uremic toxins by the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate, and p-cresyl sulfate. These uremic toxins are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Limiting the intake of red meat in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) thus may be a good strategy to reduce CV risk, and may slow the progression of kidney disease. In the present review, we discuss the role of red meat in the diet of patients with CKD. Additionally, we report on a pilot study that focused on the effect of a low-protein diet on TMAO plasma levels in nondialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Natalia A Borges
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S Anjos
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Black
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moraes
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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The impact of gut microbiota on kidney function and pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:412-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Sabatino A, Regolisti G, Cosola C, Gesualdo L, Fiaccadori E. Intestinal Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:16. [PMID: 28271466 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of kidney disease [chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)] and are both characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Diabetes and kidney disease are also commonly associated with a chronic inflammatory state, which is now considered a non-traditional risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation is mainly a consequence of visceral obesity, while in the case of CKD or ESRD patients on dialysis, inflammation is caused by multiple factors, classically grouped as dialysis-related and non-dialysis-related. More recently, a key role has been credited to the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation present in both disease states. While many recent data on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship to chronic inflammation are available for CKD patients, very little is known regarding T2DM and patients with diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the main pathophysiological issues of intestinal microbiota in patients with T2DM and CKD/ESRD. RECENT FINDINGS The presence of intestinal dysbiosis, along with increased intestinal permeability and high circulating levels of lipopolysaccharides, a condition known as "endotoxemia," characterize T2DM, CKD, and ESRD on dialysis. The hallmark of intestinal dysbiosis is a reduction of saccharolytic microbes mainly producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and, in the case of CKD/ESRD, an increase in proteolytic microbes that produce different substances possibly related to uremic toxicity. Dysbiosis is associated with endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, with disruption of the intestinal barrier and depletion of beneficial bacteria producing SCFAs. T2DM and CKD/ESRD, whose coexistence is increasingly found in clinical practice, share similar negative effects on both intestinal microbiota and function. More studies are needed to characterize specific alterations of the intestinal microbiota in diabetic nephropathy and to assess possible effects of probiotic and prebiotic treatments in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sabatino
- Unità di Fisiopatologia dell'Insufficienza Renale Acuta e Cronica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Regolisti
- Unità di Fisiopatologia dell'Insufficienza Renale Acuta e Cronica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmela Cosola
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti di Organi-Sezione di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti di Organi-Sezione di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Unità di Fisiopatologia dell'Insufficienza Renale Acuta e Cronica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Kelly JT, Rossi M, Johnson DW, Campbell KL. Beyond Sodium, Phosphate and Potassium: Potential Dietary Interventions in Kidney Disease. Semin Dial 2017; 30:197-202. [PMID: 28239979 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
People with kidney disease are advised to restrict individual nutrients, such as sodium, potassium, and phosphate, in line with current best practice guidelines. However, there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of single nutrient strategies, and compliance remains a challenge for clinicians to overcome. Many factors contribute to poor compliance with dietary prescriptions, including conflicting priorities for single nutrient restriction, the arduous self-monitoring required, and the health-related knock-on effects resulting from targeting these nutrients in isolation. This paper reviews the evidence base for the overall pattern of eating as a potential tool to deliver a diet intervention in which all the nutrients and foods work cumulatively and synergistically to improve clinical outcomes. These interventions may assist in kidney disease management and overcome these innate challenges that single nutrient interventions possess. Healthy dietary patterns are typically plant-based and lower in sodium and animal proteins. These patterns may have numerous mechanistic benefits for cardiovascular health in kidney disease, most notably through the increase in fruit, vegetables, and plant-based protein, as well as improved gut health through the increase in dietary fiber. The evidence to date on optimal dietary patterns points toward use of a predominantly plant-based diet, and suggests its adoption may improve clinical outcomes in dialysis patients. However, clinical trials are needed to determine whether these diet interventions are feasible, safe, and effective in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimon T Kelly
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Rossi
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Huang H, Krishnan HB, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8695-8709. [PMID: 27798832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) is a major commodity in the United States, and soy foods are gaining popularity due to their reported health-promoting effects. In the past two decades, soy and soy bioactive components have been studied for their health-promoting/disease-preventing activities and potential mechanisms of action. Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as an important component in the human body ecosystem and possibly a critical modulator of human health. Soy foods' interaction with the gut microbiota may critically influence many aspects of human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition at different stages of life. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of soy foods and soy components on gut microbiota population and composition. It was found, although results vary in different studies, in general, both animal and human studies have shown that consumption of soy foods can increase the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and alter the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These changes in microbiota are consistent with reported reductions in pathogenic bacteria populations in the gut, thereby lowering the risk of diseases and leading to beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Jensen T, Bechshoeft RL, Giacalone D, Otto MH, Castro-Mejía J, Bin Ahmad HF, Reitelseder S, Jespersen AP. Whey protein stories - An experiment in writing a multidisciplinary biography. Appetite 2016; 107:285-294. [PMID: 27521163 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This is an experimental, dual-purpose article about whey protein and how to conduct interdisciplinary analyses and writings. On the one hand, this article is a multidisciplinary commodity biography, which consists of five descriptions of whey protein written by the five different research groups involved in the interdisciplinary research project CALM(Counteracting Age-related loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass). On the other hand, it is a meta-analysis, which aims to uncover and highlight examples of how the five descriptions contribute to each other with insights into the contextualisation of knowledge, contrasts between the descriptions and the new dimensions they bring to established fields of interest. The meta-analysis also contains a discussion of interdisciplinary study objects and the usefulness of the multidisciplinary commodity biography as a format for interdisciplinary publications. The article contributes to the field of food studies with a multidisciplinary biography of whey protein - including its sensory qualities and challenges, insights into its cultural history, its nutritional value and effects on the human body and an analysis of how it is perceived by people who consume it. The biography thereby expands upon existing understandings of whey protein while discussing the usefulness of employing the commodity biography format in interdisciplinary writing. Moreover, the article contributes to the field of interdisciplinary research by providing a practical example of a joint publication and reflections upon the existence, interaction and possibilities of monodisciplinary knowledge structures within interdisciplinary studies and publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Jensen
- Saxo Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus L Bechshoeft
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Davide Giacalone
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Marie Haulund Otto
- Saxo Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josue Castro-Mejía
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging health public problem in Brazil. Nutritional counseling with focus on protein restriction is a promising strategy to treatment of nondialysis CKD patients due its effects on slowing renal loss. However, Brazilian people have high protein intake, which is a challenge when low protein diet (LPD) should be prescribed. This review describes a practical approach to the dietetic management of nondialysis CKD patients in Brazil. DISCUSSION Although Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region, Brazil has current trends of incorporating Western dietary habits, including high intake of red meat. Traditional plant-based foods, such as rice and beans, are also important contributors to the high protein content to the Brazilian diet. Thus, a successful implementation of LPD requires adaptation of these dietary habits, with reduction of portion sizes and adequate food substitution options. Intensive nutritional counseling with specialized renal dietitians is also important to improve compliance to the LPD. Moreover, the precarious health system organization and economic problems are barriers to nutritional care, which could be solved with intensive and specialized perspectives of treatment. The adherence to protein restriction is important for better metabolic and clinical control of nondialysis CKD patients. Early dietetic attention, nutrition education strategies and intensive specialized nutritional counseling are essential to achieve diet habits that promote adherence to the LPD without excluding cultural characteristics of the Brazilian diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences and Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Viviane O. Leal
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
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