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Kawamura A, Ito A, Takahashi A, Sawamoto A, Okuyama S, Nakajima M. Benproperine reduces IL-6 levels via Akt signaling in monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells and reduces the mortality of mouse sepsis model induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:125-133. [PMID: 39179331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Benproperine (BNP) is a nonnarcotic antitussive drug that is used to treat bronchitis. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of BNP in vitro and in vivo. BNP was found to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells in vitro. As IL-6 is a biomarker for sepsis and has been suggested to exacerbate symptoms, we used an animal model to determine whether BNP reduces IL-6 levels in vivo and improves sepsis symptoms. Notably, BNP reduced IL-6 levels in the lungs of LPS-treated mice and improved LPS-induced hypothermia, one of the symptoms of sepsis. BNP reduced the mortality of septic mice administered a lethal dose of LPS. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory function of BNP, we assessed intracellular signaling in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. BNP induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in RAW264.7 cells with/without LPS treatment. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt. Wortmannin also obstructed the reduction of IL-6 secretion caused by BNP. Altogether, BNP was found to exhibit an anti-inflammatory function via Akt signaling. Therefore, BNP could be a drug candidate for inflammatory diseases, including sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kawamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Akane Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sawamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan.
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2
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Guo ZY, Tang YQ, Zhang ZB, Liu J, Zhuang YX, Li T. COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2024; 7:pbae015. [PMID: 39139990 PMCID: PMC11319938 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the pivotal role of the immune response in determining the progression and severity of viral infections. In this paper, we review the most recent studies on the complicated dynamics between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system, highlight the importance of understanding these dynamics in developing effective treatments and formulate potent management strategies for COVID-19. We describe the activation of the host's innate immunity and the subsequent adaptive immune response following infection with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the review emphasizes the immune evasion strategies of the SARS-CoV-2, including inhibition of interferon production and induction of cytokine storms, along with the resulting clinical outcomes. Finally, we assess the efficacy of current treatment strategies, including antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and anti-inflammatory treatments, and discuss their role in providing immunity and preventing severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yan-qing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zi-bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yu-xin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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Soliman AM, Ghorab WM, Ghorab MM, ElKenawy NM, El-Sabbagh WA, Ramadan LA. Novel quinazoline sulfonamide-based scaffolds modulate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in immunodeficient irradiated model: Regulatory role of TGF-β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107559. [PMID: 38905889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A library of new quinazoline pharmacophores bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety was designed and synthesized. Compounds 3a-n were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Compounds 3d and 3n exhibited prominent antibacterial activity, specifically against MRSA. After exhibiting relative in vitro and in vivo safety, compound 3n was selected to assess its anti-inflammatory activity displaying promising COX-2 inhibitory activity compared to Ibuprofen. In vivo experimental MRSA pneumonia model was conducted on immunodeficient (irradiated) mice to reveal the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses of compound 3n compared to azithromycin (AZ). Treatment with compound 3n (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as AZ resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial counts in lung tissues, suppression of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), lung interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Compound 3n showed a non-significant deviation of lung TGF-β1 from normal values which in turn controlled the lung inflammatory status and impacted the histopathological results. Molecular docking of 3n showed promising interactions inside the active sites of TGF-β and COX-2. Our findings present a new dual-target quinazoline benzenesulfonamide derivative 3n, which possesses significant potential for treating MRSA-induced pneumonia in an immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walid M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Nora M ElKenawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Laila A Ramadan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
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4
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Ikonomidis I, Katsanaki E, Thymis J, Pavlidis G, Lampadaki K, Katogiannis K, Vaiopoulos A, Lazarou V, Kostelli G, Michalopoulou E, Pililis S, Vlachomitros D, Theodoropoulos K, Vink H, Long R, Papadavid E, Lambadiari V. The Effect of 4-Month Treatment with Glycocalyx Dietary Supplement on Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity and Vascular Function in Patients with Psoriasis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2572. [PMID: 39125451 PMCID: PMC11313920 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis predisposes to cardiovascular dysfunction. We investigated whether glycocalyx dietary supplement (GDS), which contains glycosaminoglycans and fucoidan, improves endothelial glycocalyx and arterial stiffness in psoriatic patients. Fifty participants with psoriasis under biological agents were randomly assigned to GDS (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) for 4 months. We measured at baseline and at follow-up: (a) perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual microvessels (range 4 to 25 μm), a marker of endothelium glycocalyx integrity; (b) carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV-Complior SP-ALAM) and augmentation index (AIx), markers of arterial stiffness and (c) psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Both groups displayed a similar decrease in PASI at four months (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). Compared to the placebo, participants in the GDS showed a greater percentage reduction in PBR4-25 μm (-9.95% vs. -0.87%), PBR 4-9 μm (-6.50% vs. -0.82%), PBR10-19 μm (-5.12% vs. -1.60%), PBR 20-25 μm (-14.9% vs. -0.31%), PWV (-15.27% vs. -4.04%) and AIx (-35.57% vs. -21.85%) (p < 0.05). In the GDS group, the percentage reduction in PBR 4-25 μm was associated with the corresponding decrease in PWV (r = 0.411, p = 0.015) and AΙx (r = 0.481, p = 0.010) at follow-up. Four-month treatment with GDS improves glycocalyx integrity and arterial stiffness in patients with psoriasis. Clinical trial Identifier: NCT05184699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Eleni Katsanaki
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - John Thymis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - George Pavlidis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Kyriaki Lampadaki
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (K.L.); (A.V.); (V.L.); (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Aristeidis Vaiopoulos
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (K.L.); (A.V.); (V.L.); (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Vicky Lazarou
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (K.L.); (A.V.); (V.L.); (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Gavriella Kostelli
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Eleni Michalopoulou
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Sotirios Pililis
- Research Unit and Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Vlachomitros
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (I.I.); (E.K.); (J.T.); (G.P.); (K.K.); (G.K.); (E.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Theodoropoulos
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (K.L.); (A.V.); (V.L.); (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Hans Vink
- GlycoCalyx Research Institute, Alpine, UT 84004, USA; (H.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert Long
- GlycoCalyx Research Institute, Alpine, UT 84004, USA; (H.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece; (K.L.); (A.V.); (V.L.); (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Research Unit and Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
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5
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Yang C, Xu Q, Xie M, Tang Y, Hu Q, Heng H, Yang X, Liu X, Chan EWC, Yang G, Chen S. Enhancing resistance, but not virulence attributed to the high mortality caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127769. [PMID: 38797112 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a global threat due to its high mortality in clinical patients. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this increased mortality remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate how the development of a resistance phenotype contributes to the significantly higher mortality associated with this pathogen. To achieve this, a collection of isogeneic strains was generated. The clinical carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKP) strain HKU3 served as the control isolate, while HKU3-KPC was created through conjugation with a blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid and served as clinical CRKP strain. Using a sepsis model, it was demonstrated that both HKU3 and HKU3-KPC exhibited similar levels of virulence. Flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and ELISA analysis were employed to assess immune cell response, M1 macrophage polarization, and cytokine storm induction, revealing that both strains elicited comparable types and levels of these immune responses. Subsequently, meropenem was utilized to treat K. pneumoniae infection, and it was found that meropenem effectively reduced bacterial load, inhibited M1 macrophage polarization, and suppressed serum cytokine production during HKU3 (CSKP) infection. However, these effects were not observed in the case of HKU3-KPC (CRKP) infection. These findings provide evidence that the high mortality associated with CRKP is attributed to its enhanced survival within the host during antibiotic treatment, resulting in a cytokine storm and subsequent host death. The development of an effective therapy for CRKP infections could significantly reduce the mortality caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heng Heng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Key Lab for Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Liu Z, Ye Y, Ma Y, Hu B, Zhu J. Inhaled heparin: Past, present, and future. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104065. [PMID: 38901669 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
While heparin has traditionally served as a key anticoagulant in clinical practice for nearly a century, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in its role as a potent antiinflammatory and antiviral agent, as well as an anticancer agent. To address challenges with injection-based delivery, exploring patient-friendly routes such as oral and pulmonary delivery is crucial. This review specifically highlights the multiple therapeutic benefits of inhaled heparin. In summary, this review serves as a valuable source of information, providing deep insights into the diverse therapeutic advantages of inhaled heparin and its potential applications within clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewei Liu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yuqing Ye
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ying Ma
- Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo 315000, China; University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Binjie Hu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Eastern Institute of Technology, 568 Tongxin Road, Ningbo 315000, China.
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7
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Kurnik M, Peter F, Matej P. Tocilizumab and CytoSorb for delayed severe cytokine release syndrome after ipilimumab plus nivolumab immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39016056 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2370180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is immune dysregulation phenomenon that is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is still difficult to distinguish CRS from other dangerous, acute and life-threatening medical disorders.We present a case of delayed grade 4 CRS following treatment of lung adenocarcinoma with ipilimumab plus nivolumab that warranted intensive care level treatment with abundant fluid resuscitation, two-tire vasopressor support, high-flow nasal oxygenation, corticosteroids in high dosages, as well as sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration with CytoSorb hemadsorption and tocilizumab. Initial treatment of presumed septic shock of unknown origin did not yield results.After initiation of corticosteroids and particularly CytoSorb hemadsorption and tocilizumab, prompt clinical and laboratory improvement was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kurnik
- General Hospital Celje, Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Fazarinc Peter
- General Hospital Celje, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Podbregar Matej
- General Hospital Celje, Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, Celje, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Wu RY, Wu CQ, Xie F, Xing X, Xu L. Building RNA-Mediated Artificial Signaling Pathways between Endogenous Genes. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1777-1789. [PMID: 38872074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSophisticated genetic networks play a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular responses through intricate signaling pathways across diverse environmental conditions. Beyond the inherent complexity of natural cellular signaling networks, the construction of artificial signaling pathways (ASPs) introduces a vast array of possibilities for reshaping cellular responses, enabling programmable control of living organisms. ASPs can be integrated with existing cellular networks and redirect output responses as desired, allowing seamless communication and coordination with other cellular processes, thereby achieving designable transduction within cells. Among diversified ASPs, establishing connections between originally independent endogenous genes is of particular significance in modifying the genetic networks, so that cells can be endowed with new capabilities to sense and deal with abnormal factors related to differentiated gene expression (i.e., solve the issues of the aberrant gene expression induced by either external or internal stimuli). In a typical scenario, the two genes X and Y in the cell are originally expressed independently. After the introduction of an ASP, changes in the expression of gene X may exert a designed impact on gene Y, subsequently inducing the cellular response related to gene Y. If X represents a disease signal and Y serves as a therapeutic module, the introduction of the ASP empowers cells with a new spontaneous defense system to handle potential risks, which holds great potential for both fundamental and translational studies.In this Account, we primarily review our endeavors in the construction of RNA-mediated ASPs between endogenous genes that can respond to differentiated RNA expression. In contrast to other molecules that may be restricted to specific pathways, synthetic RNA circuits can be easily utilized and expanded as a general platform for constructing ASPs with a high degree of programmability and tunability for diversified functionalities through predictable Watson-Crick base pairing. We first provide an overview of recent advancements in RNA-based genetic circuits, encompassing but not limited to utilization of RNA toehold switches, siRNA and CRISPR systems. Despite notable progress, most reported RNA circuits have to contain at least one exogenous RNA X as input or one engineered RNA Y as a target, which is not suitable for establishing endogenous gene connections. While exogenous RNAs can be engineered and controlled as desired, constructing a general and efficient platform for manipulation of naturally occurring RNAs poses a formidable challenge, especially for the mammalian system. With a focus on this goal, we are devoted to developing efficient strategies to manipulate cell responses by establishing RNA-mediated ASPs between endogenous genes, particularly in mammalian cells. Our step-by-step progress in engineering customized cell signaling circuits, from bacterial cells to mammalian cells, from gene expression regulation to phenotype control, and from small RNA to long mRNA of low abundance and more complex secondary structures, is systematically described. Finally, future perspectives and potential applications of these RNA-mediated ASPs between endogenous genes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yue Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Zhang L, Xiang Y, Cao C, Tan J, Li F, Yang X. Ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes the development of homocysteine-induced vascular endothelial injury through inflammation mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114103. [PMID: 38848951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been recognized as significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, closely related to endothelial injury. While expression of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) significantly increases during Hcy-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, the precise molecular pathways through which CNTF operates remain to be clarified. To induce vascular endothelial cell injury, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Hcy. Cell viability and apoptosis in HUVECs were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis determined the expression levels of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, inflammation-related factors (IL-1β, NLRP3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and apoptosis-related factors (cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax). Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were employed to examine CD31 and α-SMA expression. Knockdown of CNTF was achieved using lentiviral interference, and its effects on inflammation and cell injury were evaluated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter analysis were conducted to investigate the interaction between the MAFK and CNTF promoters. Our results indicated that Hcy induced high expression of CNTF and activated the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby upregulating factors associated with inflammation and cell apoptosis. Inhibiting CNTF alleviated Hcy-induced inflammation and cell injury. MAFK was identified as a transcription factor promoting CNTF transcription, and its overexpression exacerbated inflammation and cell injury in Hcy-treated HUVECs through the CNTF-JAK2-STAT3 axis, which could be reversed by knocking down CNTF. Activation of MAFK leads to CNTF upregulation, which activates the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, regulating inflammation and inducing injury in Hcy-exposed vascular endothelial cells. Targeting CNTF or its upstream regulator MAFK may represent potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating endothelial dysfunction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Ouyang Road Community Health Service Center, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiu Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Jiaorong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China.
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Kim H, Kim M, Oh S, Hwang Y, Choe JS. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction from Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) Leaf and Its Immune-Stimulating Effects on Macrophages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:228-236. [PMID: 38974589 PMCID: PMC11223925 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The ginger leaves contain terpenoids and phenolic compounds, such as gingerol and shogaol, which exert various physiological effects. This study focused on determining the optimal conditions for an enzyme (Ultimase MFC) extraction to enhance the bioactive components of underutilized ginger leaves using the response surface method. The extracted material was evaluated in terms of its yield and antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). As a result, the optimal conditions included an enzyme concentration of 0.1% (v/v), a liquid-solid ratio of 33.939 mL/g, and an extraction time of 4 h. The optimized conditions resulted in an improvement in yield and antioxidant capacity, except for the total phenolic content of ginger leaves, when compared to the reference control extract. Additionally, the possibility of improving immunity was confirmed as nitric oxide and cytokines increased in macrophage cells compared with non-treatment control. Therefore, these extraction conditions enhance the potential industrial value of ginger leaves and underscore their promise as a natural ingredient for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbi Kim
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonbuk 55069, Korea
| | - Yujin Hwang
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
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11
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Song L, Zou W, Wang G, Qiu L, Sai L. Cytokines and lymphocyte subsets are associated with disease severity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Virol J 2024; 21:126. [PMID: 38831352 PMCID: PMC11149350 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Previous studies have indicated that SFTS patients have a high mortality rate, which may be related to cytokine storm and immune dysfunction. In our study, we analyzed differences in cytokines and lymphocyte subsets between severe and non-severe SFTS patients, with the aim of identifying predictors of severity. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical data, cytokine profiles, and lymphocyte subsets from 96 laboratory confirmed SFTS patients between April 2021 and August 2023. RESULTS A total of 96 SFTS patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 65.05 (± 7.92) years old. According to our grouping criteria, 35 (36.5%) of these patients were classified as severe group, while 61 (63.5%) were classified as non-severe group. Univariate analysis revealed that age, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-α (IFN-α), CD4 + T cell, and CD8 + T cell counts were risk predictors for the severity of SFTS. Further multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed age, IL-6 levels, and CD4 + T cell counts as independent predictors of SFTS severity. CONCLUSIONS Severe SFTS patients may experience cytokine storms and immune dysfunction. Aging, elevated levels of IL-6, and decreased CD4 + T cell count may serve as independent predictors for the severity of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenlu Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Lieshishan Dong Road 11, Jinan, Shandong, 250102, China.
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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12
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Zhang C, Sun MW, Yang GY, Wang Y, Lu CD, Jiang H. Efficacy of taurine-enhanced enteral nutrition in improving the outcomes of critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:203-211. [PMID: 38777434 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine is considered an immunomodulatory agent. From current reports on clinical studies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of taurine-enhanced enteral nutrition (EN) on the outcomes of critically ill patients to resolve conflicting evidence in literature. METHODS Literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SINOMED, and WanFang databases were retrieved, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. The time range spanned from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2024. The Cochrane Collaboration Tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. We used the GRADE approach to rate the quality of evidence and the I2 test to assess the statistical heterogeneity of the results. Risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze measurement data. RESULTS Four trials involving 236 patients were finally included. The meta-analysis results indicated that taurine-enhanced EN did not reduce mortality (RR = 0.70, p = 0.45, 95% CI [0.28, 1.80], two trials, 176 participants, low quality). There was also no significant difference in length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) between the taurine-enhanced EN and control groups. Taurine-enhanced EN may reduce pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in critically ill patients(the result about IL-6 cannot be pooled). However, taurine-enhanced EN had no significant impact on high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein levels (MD = -0.41, p = 0.40, 95% CI [-1.35, 0.54], two trials, 60 participants, low quality). DISCUSSION Taurine-enhanced EN may reduce IL-6 levels and is not associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, which may have potential immunoregulatory effects in critically ill patients. Given that published studies have small samples, the above conclusions need to be verified by more rigorously designed large-sample clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Sun
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Charles Damien Lu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Institute for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Ng KTP, Pang L, Wang JQ, She WH, Tsang SHY, Lo CM, Man K, Cheung TT. Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:257-264. [PMID: 37903711 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over open liver resection (OLR), but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important role. METHODS A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled (LLR group, n = 53; OLR group, n = 50). The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation, postoperative day 1 (POD1) and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex assay. The relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and OLR. RESULTS Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative levels. Compared to OLR, the POD1 levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the LLR group were significantly lower. Higher POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during operation. The levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury, and the length of hospital stay. Importantly, a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver resection. CONCLUSIONS Significantly lower level of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tak-Pan Ng
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wong Hoi She
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Hing-Yin Tsang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Fang LC, Ming XP, Cai WY, Hu YF, Hao B, Wu JH, Tuohuti A, Chen X. Development and validation of a prognostic model for assessing long COVID risk following Omicron wave-a large population-based cohort study. Virol J 2024; 21:123. [PMID: 38822405 PMCID: PMC11140920 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long coronavirus disease (COVID) after COVID-19 infection is continuously threatening the health of people all over the world. Early prediction of the risk of Long COVID in hospitalized patients will help clinical management of COVID-19, but there is still no reliable and effective prediction model. METHODS A total of 1905 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection were included in this study, and their Long COVID status was followed up 4-8 weeks after discharge. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors for Long COVID. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (70%) and a validation cohort (30%), and factors for constructing the model were screened using Lasso regression in the training cohort. Visualize the Long COVID risk prediction model using nomogram. Evaluate the performance of the model in the training and validation cohort using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A total of 657 patients (34.5%) reported that they had symptoms of long COVID. The most common symptoms were fatigue or muscle weakness (16.8%), followed by sleep difficulties (11.1%) and cough (9.5%). The risk prediction nomogram of age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, vaccination status, procalcitonin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, interleukin-6 and D-dimer were included for early identification of high-risk patients with Long COVID. AUCs of the model in the training cohort and validation cohort are 0.762 and 0.713, respectively, demonstrating relatively high discrimination of the model. The calibration curve further substantiated the proximity of the nomogram's predicted outcomes to the ideal curve, the consistency between the predicted outcomes and the actual outcomes, and the potential benefits for all patients as indicated by DCA. This observation was further validated in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS We established a nomogram model to predict the long COVID risk of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and proved its relatively good predictive performance. This model is helpful for the clinical management of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Cheng Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wan-Yue Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang-Hao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aikebaier Tuohuti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Riyaz Tramboo S, Elkhalifa AM, Quibtiya S, Ali SI, Nazir Shah N, Taifa S, Rakhshan R, Hussain Shah I, Ahmad Mir M, Malik M, Ramzan Z, Bashir N, Ahad S, Khursheed I, Bazie EA, Mohamed Ahmed E, Elderdery AY, Alenazy FO, Alanazi A, Alzahrani B, Alruwaili M, Manni E, E. Hussein S, Abdalhabib EK, Nabi SU. The critical impacts of cytokine storms in respiratory disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29769. [PMID: 38694122 PMCID: PMC11058722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS) refers to the spontaneous dysregulated and hyper-activated inflammatory reaction occurring in various clinical conditions, ranging from microbial infection to end-stage organ failure. Recently the novel coronavirus involved in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has been associated with the pathological phenomenon of CS in critically ill patients. Furthermore, critically ill patients suffering from CS are likely to have a grave prognosis and a higher case fatality rate. Pathologically CS is manifested as hyper-immune activation and is clinically manifested as multiple organ failure. An in-depth understanding of the etiology of CS will enable the discovery of not just disease risk factors of CS but also therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune response and improve outcomes in patients with respiratory diseases having CS in the pathogenic pathway. Owing to the grave consequences of CS in various diseases, this phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians throughout the globe. So in the present manuscript, we have attempted to discuss CS and its ramifications in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, as well as prospective treatment approaches and biomarkers of the cytokine storm. Furthermore, we have attempted to provide in-depth insight into CS from both a prophylactic and therapeutic point of view. In addition, we have included recent findings of CS in respiratory diseases reported from different parts of the world, which are based on expert opinion, clinical case-control research, experimental research, and a case-controlled cohort approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Riyaz Tramboo
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ahmed M.E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Syed Quibtiya
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Srinagar, 190011, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Department of Chest Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, 191202, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Hussain Shah
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Mir
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Masood Malik
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Zahid Ramzan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Nusrat Bashir
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Shubeena Ahad
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ibraq Khursheed
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, 191201, Nunar, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Elsharif A. Bazie
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Elsadig Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muharib Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Manni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa E. Hussein
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezeldine K. Abdalhabib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
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Rodríguez-Hernández MÁ, Baena-Bustos M, Carneros D, Zurita-Palomo C, Muñoz-Pinillos P, Millán J, Padillo FJ, Smerdou C, von Kobbe C, Rose-John S, Bustos M. Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling by sgp130Fc attenuates severity in SARS-CoV-2 -infected mice and reduces endotheliopathy. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105132. [PMID: 38677182 PMCID: PMC11061249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as a relapsing inflammatory process with a dysregulation of IL-6 signalling. Classic IL-6 signalling is thought to represent a defence mechanism against pathogens. In contrast, IL-6 trans-signalling has pro-inflammatory effects. In severe COVID-19, therapeutic strategies have focused on global inhibition of IL-6, with controversial results. We hypothesized that specific blockade of IL-6 trans-signalling could inhibit inflammatory response preserving the host defence activity inherent to IL-6 classic signalling. METHODS To test the role of the specific IL-6 trans-signalling inhibition by sgp130Fc in short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19, we used the established K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Histological as well as immunohistochemical analysis, and pro-inflammatory marker profiling were performed. To investigate IL-6 trans-signalling in human cells we used primary lung microvascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts in the presence/absence of sgp130Fc. FINDINGS We report that targeting IL-6 trans-signalling by sgp130Fc attenuated SARS-CoV-2-related clinical symptoms and mortality. In surviving mice, the treatment caused a significant decrease in lung damage. In vitro, IL-6 trans-signalling induced strong and persisting JAK1/STAT3 activation in endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts with proinflammatory effects, which were attenuated by sgp130Fc. Our data also suggest that in those cells with scant amounts of IL-6R, the induction of gp130 and IL-6 by IL-6:sIL-6R complex sustains IL-6 trans-signalling. INTERPRETATION IL-6 trans-signalling fosters progression of COVID-19, and suggests that specific blockade of this signalling mode could offer a promising alternative to mitigate both short- and long-term consequences without affecting the beneficial effects of IL-6 classic signalling. These results have implications for the development of new therapies of lung injury and endotheliopathy in COVID-19. FUNDING The project was supported by ISCIII, Spain (COV-20/00792 to MB, PI23/01351 to MARH) and the European Commission-Next generation EU (European Union) (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global, SGL2103029 to MB). PID2019-110587RB-I00 (MB) supported by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and PID2022-143034OB-I00 (MB) by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER. MAR-H acknowledges support from ISCIII, Spain and the European Commission-Next generation EU (European Union), through CSIC's Global Health PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Rodríguez-Hernández
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Baena-Bustos
- Pneumology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen Macarena University Hospital (HUVM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - David Carneros
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - Carola Zurita-Palomo
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Muñoz-Pinillos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Padillo
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), and CCUN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cayetano von Kobbe
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Bustos
- Area of Liver, Digestive and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain.
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Li H, Xin G, Zhou Q, Yu X, Wan C, Wang Y, Wen A, Zhang K, Zhang B, Cao Y, Huang W. Qingkailing granule alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and SRC/STAT3 signaling pathways. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107286. [PMID: 38537336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) poses a significant challenge with limited treatment options and a high mortality rate of approximately 45 %. Qingkailing Granule (QKL), derived from the Angong Niuhuang Pill, shows promise in addressing pulmonary conditions. Using a comprehensive approach, combining network pharmacology analysis with experimental validation, this study explores the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QKL against PF for the first time. In vivo, QKL reduced collagen deposition and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines in a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model. In vitro studies demonstrated QKL's efficacy in protecting cells from bleomycin-induced injury and reducing collagen accumulation and cell migration in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis cell models. Network pharmacology analysis revealed potential mechanisms, confirmed by western blotting, involving the modulation of PI3K/AKT and SRC/STAT3 signaling pathways. Molecular docking simulations highlighted interactions between QKL's active compounds and key proteins, showing inhibitory effects on epithelial damage and fibrosis. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of QKL in alleviating pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis through the downregulation of PI3K/AKT and SRC/STAT3 signaling pathways, with a pivotal role attributed to its active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guang Xin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuxian Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengyu Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ao Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Innovative Chinese Medicine Academician Workstation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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18
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Wang C, Wang X, Zhang S, Xu P, Cheng L. Causal relationships between interleukins, interferons and COVID-19 risk: a Mendelian randomization study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2387-2396. [PMID: 37660260 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2252461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have shown close associations between COVID-19 risk and cytokines, especially interleukins (ILs) and interferons (IFNs). However, the causal relationships between ILs, IFNs and COVID-19 were still unclear. To resolve the problem, we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis between COVID-19 and 47 cytokines, including 35 ILs and 12 IFNs. First, three methods were applied to estimate causal effects by using single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables (IVs). Subsequently, the MR-Egger method was used to estimate the horizontal pleiotropy of IVs. Finally, sensitivity analyses were applied to assess the robustness of results. As a result, one IFN (IFN-W1) and five ILs (IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-16 and IL-37) were identified to significantly decrease the COVID-19 risk. In contrast, one IFN (IFNG) and five ILs (IL-3, IL-8, IL-27, IL-31 and IL-36β) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. In summary, the findings of this study provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peigang Xu
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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19
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Slim MA, Lim EHT, van Vught LA, Boer AMTD, Rademaker E, Mulier JLGH, Engel JJ, Pickkers P, van de Veerdonk FL, Vlaar APJ, Derde LPG, Juffermans NP. The effect of immunosuppressive therapies on the endothelial host response in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9113. [PMID: 38643179 PMCID: PMC11032323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While several effective therapies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 have been identified in large, well-conducted trials, the mechanisms underlying these therapies have not been investigated in depth. Our aim is to investigate the association between various immunosuppressive therapies (corticosteroids, tocilizumab and anakinra) and the change in endothelial host response over time in critically ill COVID-19 patients. We conducted a pre-specified multicenter post-hoc analysis in a Dutch cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and September 2021 due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. A panel of 18 immune response biomarkers in the complement, coagulation and endothelial function domains were measured using ELISA or Luminex. Biomarkers were measured on day 0-1, day 2-4 and day 6-8 after start of COVID-19 treatment. Patients were categorized into four treatment groups: no immunomodulatory treatment, corticosteroids, anakinra plus corticosteroids, or tocilizumab plus corticosteroids. The association between treatment group and the change in concentrations of biomarkers was estimated with linear mixed-effects models, using no immunomodulatory treatment as reference group. 109 patients with a median age of 62 years [IQR 54-70] of whom 72% (n = 78) was male, were included in this analysis. Both anakinra plus corticosteroids (n = 22) and tocilizumab plus corticosteroids (n = 38) were associated with an increase in angiopoietin-1 compared to no immune modulator (n = 23) (beta of 0.033 [0.002-0.064] and 0.041 [0.013-0.070] per day, respectively). These treatments, as well as corticosteroids alone (n = 26), were further associated with a decrease in the ratio of angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 (beta of 0.071 [0.034-0.107], 0.060 [0.030-0.091] and 0.043 [0.001-0.085] per day, respectively). Anakinra plus corticosteroids and tocilizumab plus corticosteroids were associated with a decrease in concentrations of complement complex 5b-9 compared to no immunomodulatory treatment (0.038 [0.006-0.071] and 0.023 [0.000-0.047], respectively). Currently established treatments for critically ill COVID-19 patients are associated with a change in biomarkers of the angiopoietin and complement pathways, possibly indicating a role for stability of the endothelium. These results increase the understanding of the mechanisms of interventions and are possibly useful for stratification of patients with other inflammatory conditions which may potentially benefit from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-220, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E H T Lim
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Tuip-de Boer
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Rademaker
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L G Haitsma Mulier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J J Engel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L P G Derde
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N P Juffermans
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhao G, Tang Y, Dan R, Xie M, Zhang T, Li P, He F, Li N, Peng Y. Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm. Vet Res 2024; 55:46. [PMID: 38589976 PMCID: PMC11003142 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important zoonotic respiratory pathogen capable of infecting a diverse range of hosts, including humans, farm animals, and wild animals. However, the precise mechanisms by which P. multocida compromises the pulmonary integrity of mammals and subsequently induces systemic infection remain largely unexplored. In this study, based on mouse and rabbit models, we found that P. multocida causes not only lung damage but also bacteremia due to the loss of lung integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that bacteremia is an important aspect of P. multocida pathogenesis, as evidenced by the observed multiorgan damage and systemic inflammation, and ultimately found that this systemic infection leads to a cytokine storm that can be mitigated by IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. As a result, we divided the pathogenesis of P. multocida into two phases: the pulmonary infection phase and the systemic infection phase. Based on unbiased RNA-seq data, we discovered that P. multocida-induced apoptosis leads to the loss of pulmonary epithelial integrity. These findings have been validated in both TC-1 murine lung epithelial cells and the lungs of model mice. Conversely, the administration of Ac-DEVD-CHO, an apoptosis inhibitor, effectively restored pulmonary epithelial integrity, significantly mitigated lung damage, inhibited bacteremia, attenuated the cytokine storm, and reduced mortality in mouse models. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis is involved in P. multocida-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis in both cells and animals. Thus, our research provides crucial information with regard to the pathogenesis of P. multocida as well as potential treatment options for this and other respiratory bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruitong Dan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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21
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Huang Y, Zhou B, Hong S, Cai Y. A case report and literature review on tocilizumab-cured acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by influenza A virus. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1351478. [PMID: 38646514 PMCID: PMC11026575 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1351478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), is a kind of severe Central Nervous System Disease. The commonest pathogen is the influenza virus. The pathogenesis of ANE is bound up to genetic susceptibility and cytokine storm. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is deemed as the core function in cytokine storm of ANE and that plays a significant role in evaluating the severity of Influenza-Related ANE. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 antagonist, is known to be safe and effective in the treatment of ANE when used early and has an essential role in improving prognosis and preventing disability. Case report This case reports a 2 year 10 month old boy who developed ANE after being infected with influenza A virus (H1N1-2019). After treatment with Tocilizumab, the child's consciousness was clear, no convulsions occurred, the movement of limbs was improved, and the lesions of encephalopathy were significantly reduced. Conclusion The early use of Tocilizumab is safe and effective for the treatment of ANE caused by influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
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22
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Gong M, Qi S, Wu Z, Huang Y, Wu L, Wang X, He L, Lin L, Lin D. A novel therapeutic approach to modulate the inflammatory cascade: A timely exogenous local inflammatory response attenuates the sepsis-induced cytokine storm. Cytokine 2024; 176:156533. [PMID: 38340550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of severe sepsis is contingent upon the occurrence of a cytokine storm (CS), a multifaceted process intricately entwined with the temporal dimension, thereby rendering the infection response remarkably intricate. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discern and accurately identify the optimal timing for interventions, predicated upon the dynamic timeline of inflammatory changes. Moreover, the administration of exogenous low-dose pro-inflammatory agents has exhibited the potential to impede the relentless progression of the inflammatory cascade. Hence, the present study aims to scrutinize the impact of exogenous Local Inflammatory Response (eLIR) on the body surface in the context of the inflammatory cascade during sepsis, within a temporal framework, with a particular emphasis on the point of exacerbation of inflammation. METHODS Rats were induced sterile sepsis by intraperitoneal injection of zymosan (ZY) at an appropriate dosage. The temporal progression of inflammatory changes and eLIR effects were described based on the trend of serum crucial inflammatory cytokines, tring to quest time-point of inflammatory aggravation in sepsis. Then, the varying degrees of surface inflammation caused by eLIR on this time point leading to the final effects on the inflammatory cascade response were explored. In addition, given the authentic pathological progression of sepsis, further observation was conducted on the impact of another intervention timing of eLIR on the inflammatory cascade. The survival rate was measured. Serum and organ related inflammatory cytokines were detected, and organ histopathology was investigated. RESULTS In present study, a dosage of 600 mg/kg ZY was found to be optimal for the sterile sepsis model. Initiating eLIR 6 h prior to ZY injection, the maximum effect point of eLIR could be precisely align with the inflammatory aggravation point of sterile sepsis. Initiating eLIR at this time, 3 sessions of eLIR were found to be more effective than 1 or 2 sessions in mitigating inflammatory responses during the initial stage of inflammation and the peak of inflammation. Notably, the findings also suggested that this intervention improve survival rate. In addition, the anti-inflammatory efficacy has been substantially diminished by the prompt initiation of 3 sessions of eLIR immediately after ZY injection at the onset of sepsis. Similarly, the current findings did not demonstrate a statistically significant enhancement in survival rates with eLIR at this time point. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the initial stage of inflammation, low-scale inflammation caused by a certain intensity of eLIR (3 sessions) on the body surface can more effectively pry the inflammation aggravation time-point, thereby shifting the pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory milieu, impeding the disproportionate cytokines release in inflammatory diseases, slowing down the inflammatory cascade, and improving the survival rate of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gong
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shiyi Qi
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiting Wu
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiangbin Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingling He
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lili Lin
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dong Lin
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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23
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Han Z, Li J, Yi X, Zhang T, Liao D, You J, Ai J. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 in multiple diseases: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27769. [PMID: 38515672 PMCID: PMC10955306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for multiple diseases by utilizing existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methods We performed a thorough search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to April 2023 to gather meta-analyses that investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IL-6. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, we employed the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Results We included 34 meta-analyses out of the 3024 articles retrieved from the search. These meta-analyses covered 9 categories of diseases of the International Classification of Diseases-11. Studies rated as "Critically Low" or "Very Low" in the quality assessment process were excluded, resulting in a total of 6 meta-analyses that encompassed sepsis, colorectal cancer, tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), endometriosis, among others. Among these diseases, IL-6 demonstrated a relatively high diagnostic potential in accurately identifying TPE and endometriosis. Conclusions IL-6 exhibited favorable diagnostic accuracy across multiple diseases, suggesting its potential as a reliable diagnostic biomarker in the near future. Substantial evidence supported its high diagnostic accuracy, particularly in the cases of TPE and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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24
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Zhang RG, Liu XJ, Guo YL, Chen CL. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain promotes IL-6 and IL-8 release via ATP/P2Y 2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human bronchial epithelia. Mol Immunol 2024; 167:53-61. [PMID: 38359646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its receptor binding domain (RBD) has been demonstrated to be capable of activating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in endothelial cells and immune cells such as monocytes. However, the effects of spike protein or its RBD on airway epithelial cells and mechanisms underlying these effects have not been adequately characterized. Here, we show that the RBD of spike protein alone can induce bronchial epithelial inflammation in a manner of ATP/P2Y2 dependence. Incubation of human bronchial epithelia with RBD induced IL-6 and IL-8 release, which could be inhibited by antibody. The incubation of RBD also up-regulated the expression of inflammatory indicators such as ho-1 and mkp-1. Furthermore, ATP secretion was observed after RBD treatment, P2Y2 receptor knock down by siRNA significantly suppressed the IL-6 and IL-8 release evoked by RBD. Additionally, S-RBD elevated the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, and the effect that PD98059 can inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine release suggested the participation of ERK1/2. These novel findings provide new evidence of SARS-CoV-2 on airway inflammation and introduce purinergic signaling as promising treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xing-Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Guo
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NAL, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AMS, Basir R. Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:105-119. [PMID: 38585461 PMCID: PMC10997936 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that possess a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of phytochemicals in targeting specific signalling pathways involved in cytokine storm, a life-threatening clinical condition resulting from excessive immune cell activation and oversupply of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies have documented the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals on immune function, including their ability to regulate essential cellular and molecular interactions of immune system cells. This makes them a promising alternative for cytokine storm management, especially when combined with existing chemotherapies. Furthermore, phytochemicals have been found to target multiple signalling pathways, including the TNF-α/NF-κB, IL-1/NF-κB, IFN-γ/JAK/STAT, and IL-6/JAK-STAT. These pathways play critical roles in the development and progression of cytokine storm, and targeting them with phytochemicals represents a promising strategy for controlling cytokine release and the subsequent inflammation. Studies have also investigated certain families of plant-related constituents and their potential immunomodulatory actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have reported the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals, which provide viable alternatives in the management of cytokine storm syndrome. The collective data from previous studies suggest that phytochemicals represent a potentially functional source of cytokine storm treatment and promote further exploration of these compounds as immunomodulatory agents for suppressing specific signalling cascade responses. Overall, the previous research findings support the use of phytochemicals as a complementary approach in managing cytokine storm and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izah AB Razak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Petani, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zia K, Nur-E-Alam M, Ahmad A, Ul-Haq Z. Taming the cytokine storm: small molecule inhibitors targeting IL-6/IL-6α receptor. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10805-5. [PMID: 38366102 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Given the increasing effectiveness of immune-based therapies, management of their associated toxicities is of utmost importance. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by elevated levels of cytokine, poses a significant challenge following the administration of antibodies and CAR-T cell therapies. CRS also contributes to multiple organ dysfunction in severe viral infections, notably in COVID-19. Given the pivotal role of IL-6 cytokine in initiating CRS, it has been considered a most potential therapeutic target to mitigate hyperactivated immune responses. While monoclonal antibodies of IL-6 show promise in mitigating cytokine storm, concerns about immunotoxicity persist, and small molecule IL-6 antagonists remain unavailable. The present study employed sophisticated computational techniques to identify potential hit compounds as IL-6 inhibitors, with the aim of inhibiting IL-6/IL-6R protein-protein interactions. Through ligand-based pharmacophore mapping and shape similarity in combination with docking-based screening, we identified nine hit compounds with diverse chemical scaffolds as potential binders of IL-6. Further, the MD simulation of 300 ns of five virtual hits in a complex with IL-6 was employed to study the dynamic behavior. To provide a more precise prediction, binding free energy was also estimated. The identified compounds persistently interacted with the residues lining the binding site of the IL-6 protein. These compounds displayed low binding energy during MMPBSA calculations, substantiating their strong association with IL-6. This study suggests promising scaffolds as potential inhibitors of IL-6/IL-6R protein-protein interactions and provides direction for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Zia
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Cai M, Ye H, Zhu X, Li X, Cai L, Jin J, Chen Q, Shi Y, Yang L, Wang L, Huang X. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Relieves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024; 47:209-226. [PMID: 37864659 PMCID: PMC10799097 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease without an effective drug at present. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was reported to be protective against inflammation in metabolic disease in recent studies. However, the role of FGF21 in ALI has been rarely investigated. In this study, it was found that the expression of FGF21 was markedly increased in lung tissue under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vivo, whereas it was decreased in lung epithelial cells under LPS stimulation in vitro. Therefore, our research aimed to elucidate the potential role of FGF21 in LPS-induced ALI and to detect possible underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that the deficiency of FGF21 aggravated pathological damage, inflammatory infiltration, and pulmonary function in LPS-induced ALI, while exogenous administration of FGF21 improved these manifestations. Moreover, through RNA sequencing and enrichment analysis, it was unveiled that FGF21 might play a protective role in LPS-induced ALI via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The therapeutic effect of FGF21 was weakened after additional usage of JAK2 activator in vivo. Further investigation revealed that FGF21 significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and impaired the nuclear translocation of STAT3 in vitro. In addition, the aggravation of inflammation caused by silencing FGF21 can be alleviated by JAK2 inhibitor in vitro. Collectively, these findings unveil a potent protective effect of FGF21 against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, implying that FGF21 might be a novel and effective therapy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Ye
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhe Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou Medical University, Xuefu North Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Pourazizi M, Hakamifard A, Peyman A, Mohammadi R, Dehghani S, Tavousi N, Hosseini NS, Azhdari Tehrani H, Abtahi-Naeini B. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis surge: A review on multi-pathway mechanisms. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13016. [PMID: 37846902 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by moulds from the Mucorales order. Concerns have been mounting due to the alarming increase in severe morbidity and mortality associated with mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition, known as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), has been linked to various environmental, host-related, and medical factors on a global scale. We have categorized the most significant potential risk factors for developing mucormycosis in individuals with a previous history of coronavirus infection into 10 major categories. These categories include acute hyperglycemia, the impact of cytokine release, immune response deficiencies in COVID-19 patients, microvasculopathy and dysfunction of endothelial cells, imbalances in iron metabolism, metabolic acidosis, organ damage resulting from COVID-19, underlying health conditions (such as diabetes), environmental factors, and medical treatments that can be iatrogenic in nature (such as inappropriate glucocorticoid use). Many of these factors can lead to potentially life-threatening infections that can complicate the treatment of COVID-19. Physicians should be vigilant about these factors because early detection of mucormycosis is crucial for effective management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Pourazizi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atousa Hakamifard
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Peyman
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shakiba Dehghani
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Tavousi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Azhdari Tehrani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Khan S. Interleukin 6 Antagonists in Severe COVID-19 Disease: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Outcomes. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:178-191. [PMID: 38375841 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665266730240118054023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of interleukin 6 [IL-6] have been utilized to treat severe COVID-19 disease. Their immunosuppressive or immunomodulating impact may be beneficial in COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To discuss the role of IL-6 inhibitors and assess various trials conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors in COVID-19 disease. SUMMARY Two of the most common causes of mortality in COVID-19-infected critically ill individuals are acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is involved in the etiology of COVID-19. Most tissue damage, sepsis, and pulmonary and cardiovascular problems are caused mainly by the host defense system. Therefore, regulating this inflammatory cascade using immunomodulators is a prudent strategy. Although corticosteroids, as immunomodulators, are routinely used in COVID-19 management, interleukin (IL) inhibitors, especially IL-6 inhibitors, are also tested in many trials. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-6 inhibitors improve disease outcomes and decrease mortality, whereas others have shown that they are ineffective. In this paper, we briefly examined the role of IL-6 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and trials that support or refute the use of IL-6 inhibitors in treating COVID-19 disease. RESULTS Though mixed results are coming from trials regarding the adjuvant use of IL-6 inhibitors and standard anti-viral therapy with dexamethasone, a consensus favors using IL-6 inhibitors in severely ill COVID-19 patients regardless of the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Wang R, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li H, Guan S, Zhu L, Jia L, Liu Z, Xu H. The role of macrophage polarization and related key molecules in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by coal dust dynamic inhalation exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cytokine 2024; 173:156419. [PMID: 37976700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust is the main occupational hazard factor during coal mining operations. This study aimed to investigate the role of macrophage polarization and its molecular regulatory network in lung inflammation and fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats caused by coal dust exposure. Based on the key exposure parameters (exposure route, dose and duration) of the real working environment of coal miners, the dynamic inhalation exposure method was employed, and a control group and three coal dust groups (4, 10 and 25 mg/m3) were set up. Lung function was measured after 30, 60 and 90 days of coal dust exposure. Meanwhile, the serum, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected after anesthesia for downstream experiments (histopathological analysis, RT-qPCR, ELISA, etc.). The results showed that coal dust exposure caused stunted growth, increased lung organ coefficient and decreased lung function in rats. The expression level of the M1 macrophage marker iNOS was significantly upregulated in the early stage of exposure and was accompanied by higher expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the chemokines IL-8, CCL2 and CCL5, with the most significant trend of CCL5 mRNA in lung tissues. Expression of the M2 macrophage marker Arg1 was significantly upregulated in the mid to late stages of coal dust exposure and was accompanied by higher expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. In conclusion, macrophage polarization and its molecular regulatory network (especially CCL5) play an important role in lung inflammation and fibrosis in SD rats exposed to coal dust by dynamic inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Wuxi Center For Disease Control And Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Leina Jia
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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31
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Zhai W, Wang Z, Ye C, Ke L, Wang H, Liu H. IL-6 Mutation Attenuates Liver Injury Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17215. [PMID: 38139043 PMCID: PMC10743878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a crucial role in acute stress induced by bacterial infection and is strongly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the role of IL-6 in the liver of fish after Aeromonas hydrophila infection remains unclear. Therefore, this study constructed a zebrafish (Danio rerio) il-6 knockout line by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the function of IL-6 in the liver post bacterial infection. After infection with A. hydrophila, pathological observation showed that il-6-/- zebrafish exhibited milder liver damage than wild-type (WT) zebrafish. Moreover, liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that 2432 genes were significantly up-regulated and 1706 genes were significantly down-regulated in il-6-/- fish compared with WT fish after A. hydrophila infection. Further, gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in redox-related terms, including oxidoreductase activity, copper ion transport, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway, suggesting that il-6 mutation has a significant effect on redox processes in the liver after A. hydrophila infection. Additionally, il-6-/- zebrafish exhibited lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver compared with WT zebrafish following A. hydrophila infection, indicating that IL-6 deficiency mitigates oxidative stress induced by A. hydrophila infection in the liver. These findings provide a basis for further studies on the role of IL-6 in regulating oxidative stress in response to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhai
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Canxun Ye
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Lan Ke
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Huanling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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32
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Xiao S, Yuan Z, Huang Y. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide as a Therapeutic Agent against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17162. [PMID: 38138990 PMCID: PMC10742813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the greatest worldwide public health threat of this century, which may predispose multi-organ failure (especially the lung) and death despite numerous mild and moderate symptoms. Recent studies have unraveled the molecular and clinical characteristics of the infectivity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 and thus improved the development of many different therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19, including treatment and prevention. Previous studies have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory molecule with key roles in pulmonary vascular function in the context of viral infections and other pulmonary disease states. This review summarized the recent advances of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and accordingly elaborated on the potential application of NO in the management of patients with COVID-19 through antiviral activities and anti-inflammatory properties, which mitigate the propagation of this disease. Although there are some limits of NO in the treatment of COVID-19, it might be a worthy candidate in the multiple stages of COVID-19 prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Huang
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430020, China
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33
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Gremese E, Tolusso B, Bruno D, Paglionico AM, Perniola S, Ferraccioli G, Alivernini S. COVID-19 illness: Different comorbidities may require different immunological therapeutic targets. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14096. [PMID: 37724937 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to more than 6,870.000 deaths worldwide. Despite recent therapeutic advances, deaths in Intensive Care Units still range between 34 and 72%, comprising substantial unmet need as we move to an endemic phase. The general agreement is that in the first few days of infection, antiviral drugs and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies should be adopted. When the patient is hospitalized and develops severe pneumonia, progressing to a systemic disease, immune modifying therapy with corticosteroids is indicated. Such interventions, however, are less effective in the context of comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, obesity and central nervous system-CNS diseases) which are by themselves associated with poor outcomes. Such comorbidities comprise common and some distinct underlying inflammatory pathobiology regulated by differential cytokine taxonomy. METHODS Searching in the PubMed database, literature pertaining to the biology underlying the different comorbidities, and the data from the studies related to various immunological treatments for the Covid-19 disease were carefully analyzed. RESULTS Several experimental and clinical data have demonstrated that hypertension and atrial fibrillation present an IL-6 dependent signature, whereas diabetes, obesity, heart failure and CNS diseases may exhibit an IL-1a/b predominant signature. Distinct selective cytokine targeting may offer advantage in treating severe COVID-19 illness based on single or multiple associated comorbidities. When the patient does not immediately respond, a broader target range through JAKs pathway inhibitors may be indicated. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we discuss the biological background associated with distinct comorbidities which might impact the SARS-CoV-2 infection course and how these should to be addressed to improve the current therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gremese
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, GSTEP, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Immunology Core Facility, GSTEP, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Bruno
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Paglionico
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Perniola
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Alivernini
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, GSTEP, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Okuma N, Ito MA, Shimizu T, Hasegawa A, Ohmori S, Yoshida K, Matsuoka I. Amplification of poly(I:C)-induced interleukin-6 production in human bronchial epithelial cells by priming with interferon-γ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21067. [PMID: 38030681 PMCID: PMC10687102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19. The mechanism underlying the excessive IL-6 production by SARS-Cov-2 infection remains unclear. Respiratory viruses initially infect nasal or bronchial epithelial cells that produce various inflammatory mediators. Here, we show that pretreatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (NCl-H292) with interferon (IFN)-γ (10 ng/mL) markedly increased IL-6 production induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist poly(I:C) (1 µg/mL) from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.4 ng/mL (n = 3, P < 0.01). A similar effect was observed in human alveolar A549 and primary bronchial epithelial cells. TLR3 knockdown using siRNA in NCl-H292 cells diminished the priming effects of IFN-γ on poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib (1 µM) inhibited IFN-γ-induced upregulation of TLR3, and suppressed poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that IFN-γ stimulated histone modifications at the IL-6 gene locus. Finally, IFN-γ priming significantly increased lung IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in poly(I:C)-administrated mice. Thus, priming bronchial epithelial cells with IFN-γ increases poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production via JAK-dependent TLR3 upregulation and chromatin remodeling at the IL-6 gene locus. These mechanisms may be involved in severe respiratory inflammation following infection with RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Okuma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Chuo Hospital, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Ohmori
- Laboratory of Allergy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
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Yamamuro S, Yoshino A, Nishide T, Negishi H, Kumagawa T. A case report of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor manifesting as severe conjunctival chemosis. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:479. [PMID: 37993825 PMCID: PMC10666417 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjunctival chemosis (CC) is an extremely rare symptom of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). We report an extremely rare case of PitNET manifesting as severe CC. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with severe CC, proptosis, and ptosis of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the tumor mass invading the cavernous sinus (CS) with cystic lesion. The patient underwent emergent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and the pathological diagnosis was PitNET. CC of the right eye remarkably improved after the surgery. Glucocorticoid therapy was performed for right oculomotor nerve palsy, which rapidly improved. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from our hospital without hormone replacement. CONCLUSIONS CC caused by CS invasion of PitNET can be cured by early surgical treatment. Therefore, PitNET is important to consider in the differential diagnosis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yamamuro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takuma Nishide
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Negishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kumagawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Napodano C, Carnazzo V, Basile V, Pocino K, Stefanile A, Gallucci S, Natali P, Basile U, Marino M. NLRP3 Inflammasome Involvement in Heart, Liver, and Lung Diseases-A Lesson from Cytokine Storm Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16556. [PMID: 38068879 PMCID: PMC10706560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and inflammasomes have been proposed as important regulators of the host-microorganism interaction, playing a key role in morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in subjects with chronic conditions and compromised immune system. The inflammasome consists of a multiprotein complex that finely regulates the activation of caspase-1 and the production and secretion of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. The pyrin containing NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) like receptor (NLRP) is a family of intracellular receptors, sensing patterns associated to pathogens or danger signals and NLRP3 inflammasome is the most deeply analyzed for its involvement in the innate and adaptive immune system as well as its contribution to several autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is highly expressed in leukocytes and up-regulated in sentinel cells upon inflammatory stimuli. NLRP3 expression has also been reported in B and T lymphocytes, in epithelial cells of oral and genital mucosa, in specific parenchymal cells as cardiomyocytes, and keratinocytes, and chondrocytes. It is well known that a dysregulated activation of the inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of different disorders that share the common red line of inflammation in their pathogenetic fingerprint. Here, we review the potential roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular events, liver damage, pulmonary diseases, and in that wide range of systemic inflammatory syndromes named as a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Napodano
- Department of Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy;
| | - Valeria Carnazzo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.C.); (U.B.)
| | - Valerio Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Generale di Zona San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Generale di Zona San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Patrizia Natali
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.C.); (U.B.)
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bai Y, Yu EY, Liu Y, Jin H, Liu X, Wu X, Zhang M, Feng N, Huang P, Zhang H, Kwok RTK, Xia X, Li Y, Tang BZ, Wang H. Molecular Engineering of AIE Photosensitizers for Inactivation of Rabies Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303542. [PMID: 37431212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic neurological disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) that is fatal to humans and animals. While several post-infection treatment have been suggested, developing more efficient and innovative antiviral methods are necessary due to the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. To address this challenge, a strategy combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy, using a photosensitizer (TPA-Py-PhMe) with high type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability is proposed. This approach can inactivate the RABV by killing the virus directly and activating the immune response. At the cellular level, TPA-Py-PhMe can reduce the virus titer under preinfection prophylaxis and postinfection treatment, with its antiviral effect mainly dependent on ROS and pro-inflammatory factors. Intriguingly, when mice are injected with TPA-Py-PhMe and exposed to white light irradiation at three days post-infection, the onset of disease is delayed, and survival rates improved to some extent. Overall, this study shows that photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy open new avenues for future antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongsai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Kim HY, Shim JH, Heo CY. A Rare Skeletal Disorder, Fibrous Dysplasia: A Review of Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15591. [PMID: 37958575 PMCID: PMC10650015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, non-hereditary skeletal disorder characterized by its chronic course of non-neoplastic fibrous tissue buildup in place of healthy bone. A myriad of factors have been associated with its onset and progression. Perturbation of cell-cell signaling networks and response outputs leading to disrupted building blocks, incoherent multi-level organization, and loss of rigid structural motifs in mineralized tissues are factors that have been identified to participate in FD induction. In more recent years, novel insights into the unique biology of FD are transforming our understandings of its pathology, natural discourse of the disease, and treatment prospects. Herein, we built upon existing knowledge with recent findings to review clinical, etiologic, and histological features of FD and discussed known and potential mechanisms underlying FD manifestations. Subsequently, we ended on a note of optimism by highlighting emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at either halting or ameliorating disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
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Eleraky NE, El-Badry M, Omar MM, El-Koussi WM, Mohamed NG, Abdel-Lateef MA, Hassan AS. Curcumin Transferosome-Loaded Thermosensitive Intranasal in situ Gel as Prospective Antiviral Therapy for SARS-Cov-2. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5831-5869. [PMID: 37869062 PMCID: PMC10590117 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s423251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunomodulatory and broad-spectrum antiviral activities have motivated the evaluation of curcumin for Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) management. Inadequate bioavailability is the main impediment to the therapeutic effects of oral Cur. This study aimed to develop an optimal curcumin transferosome-loaded thermosensitive in situ gel to improve its delivery to the lungs. Methods Transferosomes were developed by using 33 screening layouts. The phospholipid concentration as well as the concentration and type of surfactant were considered independent variables. The entrapment efficiency (EE%), size, surface charge, and polydispersity index (PDI) were regarded as dependent factors. A cold technique was employed to develop thermosensitive in-situ gels. Optimized transferosomes were loaded onto the selected gels. The produced gel was assessed based on shape attributes, ex vivo permeability enhancement, and the safety of the nasal mucosa. The in vitro cytotoxicity, antiviral cytopathic effect, and plaque assay (CV/CPE/Plaque activity), and in vivo performance were evaluated after intranasal administration in experimental rabbits. Results The optimized preparation displayed a particle size of 664.3 ± 69.3 nm, EE% of 82.8 ± 0.02%, ZP of -11.23 ± 2.5 mV, and PDI of 0.6 ± 0.03. The in vitro curcumin release from the optimized transferosomal gel was markedly improved compared with that of the free drug-loaded gel. An ex vivo permeation study revealed a significant improvement (2.58-fold) in drug permeability across nasal tissues of sheep. Histopathological screening confirmed the safety of these preparations. This formulation showed high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 at reduced concentrations. High relative bioavailability (226.45%) was attained after the formula intranasally administered to rabbits compared to the free drug in-situ gel. The curcumin transferosome gel displayed a relatively high lung accumulation after intranasal administration. Conclusion This study provides a promising formulation for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19 patients, which can be evaluated further in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin E Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Badry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wesam M El-Koussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Noha G Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer S Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Villarreal-González RV, González-Díaz S, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, de la Cruz-de la Cruz C, Pérez-Ibave DC, Garza-Rodríguez ML. Interleukin-6 as a biomarker of hypersensitivity reactions in chemotherapeutics and monoclonal antibodies. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023:10781552231204367. [PMID: 37817577 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231204367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a new type of immediate hypersensitivity reaction known as cytokine release began to emerge, and within this phenotype of reactions, interleukin-6 is the most frequently associated with the presence during drug administration. Chemotherapeutic agents (QT) and monoclonal antibodies. OBJECTIVE Determine interleukin-6 levels in hypersensitivity reactions to QT and monoclonal antibodies. METHODS Observational and prospective study that was carried out from March 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022 in a university hospital in northeastern Mexico. Symptoms, severity, interleukin-6 levels, and skin tests of hypersensitivity reaction were evaluated at QT and monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with oncological disease were included, the most frequent being ovarian cancer. Symptoms as initial hypersensitivity reaction were neuromuscular in taxanes and cutaneous in Platinums.41.5% presented elevation of interleukin-6, and it was found more frequently in presence of metastases. Positive skin tests were found more frequently in the carboplatin and doxorubicin groups. The most frequently presented phenotype was type I in paclitaxel, carboplatin, and doxorubicin, and mixed-reaction (type I and cytokine release) in oxaliplatin. CONCLUSION With the increasing prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions to biologic and antineoplastic therapies, interleukin-6 should be recognized as a biomarker in immediate hypersensitivity reactions to QT and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalaura V Villarreal-González
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Service, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Sandra González-Díaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Service, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos de la Cruz-de la Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana C Pérez-Ibave
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Service, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - María L Garza-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Service, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Sezer O, Nursal AF, Gunal O, Gorgun S, Tekcan A, Unluguzel Ustun G, Yigit S. Evaluating interleukin-6 levels and the rs1800795 variant in Turkish patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:377-390. [PMID: 37787093 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2263490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disease of global significance. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a soluble cytokine with a pleiotropic effect on inflammation and the immune response. OBJECTIVES Investigate the relationship between the interleukin 6 (IL6) rs1800795 variant and IL6 level in Turkish patients with COVID-19 disease. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive and/or chest computerized tomography (CT) scan-compatible COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. The clinical data and whole blood samples were collected from April 1, 2020, to August 1, 2020. IL6 rs1800795 genotyping was performed by the PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) method in 148 patients. Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured using the ELISA method in 89 patients. We evaluated the patients in three groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and intensive care unit patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IL6 rs1800795 genotype frequencies and serum IL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients with different clinical presentations. SAMPLE SIZE 148 cases. RESULTS IL6 rs1800795 GG genotype and G allele frequency increased in PCR positive patients compared to PCR-negative patients (p ˂ 0.000). IL6 rs1800795 GC genotype and C allele frequency were lower in PCR-positive patients than in PCR-negative patients. IL6 rs1800795 GG genotype and G allele frequency were higher in asymptomatic patients than in the symptomatic and intensive care unit groups. The IL6 rs1800795 C allele frequency was lower in asymptomatic patients than in the symptomatic and intensive care unit groups. IL6 rs1800795 GG genotype and G allele frequency were higher in CT negative patients than CT positive patients, while IL6 GC genotype and C allele frequency were higher in CT positive patients than negative patients. IL6 level elevation was seen in the asymptomatic patients compared to the symptomatic and intensive care unit groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL6 rs1800795 may contribute to the susceptibility of COVID-19 in people to Turkish origin. LIMITATIONS Further large-scale studies in different genetic populations are needed as this is a single-center, prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sezer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayse Feyda Nursal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gunal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selim Gorgun
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Akin Tekcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Goksenin Unluguzel Ustun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Li M, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Ou M, Xu H, Hu X, Wei H, Chen Y, Shen H. Clinical value of droplet digital PCR in the diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of suspected bacterial bloodstream infections. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 550:117566. [PMID: 37776990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent a significant public health challenge due to their high morbidity and mortality. The clinical prognosis of BSIs is closely related to the timely and accurate diagnosis and the rational use of initial antimicrobials. We aimed to evaluate the clinical value of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in rapid diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of BSIs. METHODS In this prospective study, using a ddPCR-based approach which detects 18 common pathogens, we compared the detection results and clinical concordance rates of ddPCR with blood culture (BC) in 211 patients with suspected BSIs. Further, the inflammatory profile of BSIs with Gram-negative bacteria was analyzed by Olink proteomics platform. RESULTS Our data showed that the positive detection rate of ddPCR was 48.82%, which was higher than that of BC (9.48%). For BC-validated BSIs, ddPCR had a sensitivity of 90.00% and a specificity of 55.50%. When considering clinically-validated BSIs, the diagnostic value of ddPCR improved with a sensitivity of 92.59% and a specificity of 78.46%.The bacterial load detected by ddPCR was correlated with traditional clinical inflammatory indicators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, using Olink proteomics platform, we revealed that serological osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1), C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20) and IL-6 were substantially elevated in Gram-negative bacteria-associated BSIs, which could serve as novel auxiliary diagnostic indicators for Gram-negative bacteria BSIs. CONCLUSION ddPCR has the potential to provide early pathogen diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, and treatment regimen optimization for patients with BSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijia Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingrong Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongpan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
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Mansoor S, Butt AR, Bibi A, Mushtaq S, Ullah I, Alshahrani F, Khan A, Mansoor A. Expression of IFN-Gamma is significantly reduced during severity of covid-19 infection in hospitalized patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291332. [PMID: 37756264 PMCID: PMC10530045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection progression and severity. A number of inflammatory cytokines have been directly associated with disease severity including IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-10, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IFN-γ (interferon-gamma). Here, in this study, the aim was to better understand the interplay between host immune response mediated by cytokines and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection by assessing cytokine expression. Therefore, we measured expression levels of a total of 12 genes (IFNA-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, IL-15, and IL-27) encoding inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines using QRT-PCR in hospitalized patients with severe infection compared to mildly infected. IFN-γ was identified as a potent marker of disease severity as indicated previously. Moreover, levels of IL-7 were also found to be partially reduced in patients compared to the healthy controls and linked negatively to disease severity. Identification of these cytokines may be helpful in not only understanding disease pathogenesis but also in better management of the patients after covid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Raza Butt
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asima Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ullah
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atika Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Zhang P, Xu Y, Zhang J, Peng S, Liu J, Pan W, Yin Z, Xu S, Wei C, Wan J, Wang M. IL-30 protects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and pyroptosis. iScience 2023; 26:107544. [PMID: 37636037 PMCID: PMC10450523 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a well-recognized complication of sepsis and seriously affects the prognosis of sepsis patients. IL-30 has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, the role of IL-30 in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) remains unclear. Here, we explored the protective role of IL-30 in cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SIMD mice. IL-30 expression increased in the cardiac tissues of septic mice and was mainly derived from macrophages. IL-30 deletion or neutralization aggravated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury, whereas recombinant IL-30 treatment significantly ameliorated it. Mechanistically, IL-30 deficiency exerts pro-inflammatory effects by promoting Ly6Chigh macrophage polarization and pyroptosis. Inhibiting NLRP3 with MCC950 significantly reversed cardiac dysfunction, macrophage polarization and pyroptosis aggravated by IL-30 deficiency. Recombinant IL-30 inhibited pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in vivo and vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-30 protects against SIMD by inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Pingan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
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Khanam R, Faiman B, Batool S, Najmuddin MM, Usman R, Kuriakose K, Ahmed A, Rehman MEU, Roksana Z, Syed Z, Anwer F, Raza S. Management of Adverse Reactions for BCMA-Directed Therapy in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: A Focused Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5539. [PMID: 37685606 PMCID: PMC10487885 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-B-cell maturation antigen therapies consisting of bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells have shown promising results in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, the severe side effects include cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, cytopenia(s), infections, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and organ toxicity, which could sometimes be life-threatening. This review focuses on these most common complications post-BCMA therapy. We discussed the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features associated with these complications, and how to prevent and treat them. We included four original studies for this focused review. All four agents (idecabtagene vicleucel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel, teclistamab, belantamab mafodotin) have received FDA approval for adult RRMM patients. We went through the FDA access data packages of the approved agents to outline stepwise management of the complications for better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razwana Khanam
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Beth Faiman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.F.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Saba Batool
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Carle Health Methodist Hospital, Peoria, IL 61636, USA;
| | | | - Rana Usman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Kiran Kuriakose
- Department of Hospital Medicine, UPMC Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Arooj Ahmed
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | | | - Zinath Roksana
- Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh;
| | - Zain Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.F.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.F.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
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Qin H, Chen Y, Wang Z, Li N, Sun Q, Lin Y, Qiu W, Qin Y, Chen L, Chen H, Li Y, Shi J, Nie G, Zhao R. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles that activate Toll-like receptors and elicit localized light-converting hyperthermia for pleiotropic tumor immunoregulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5178. [PMID: 37620331 PMCID: PMC10449932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the tumor immune contexture towards a more active state can result in better therapeutic outcomes. Here we describe an easily accessible bacterial biomineralization-generated immunomodulator, which we name Ausome (Au + [exo]some). Ausome comprises a gold nanoparticle core covered by bacterial components; the former affords an inducible hyperthermia effect, while the latter mobilizes diverse immune responses. Multiple pattern recognition receptors actively participate in Ausome-initiated immune responses, which lead to the release of a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of effector immune cells. Upon laser irradiation, tumor-accumulated Ausome elicits a hyperthermic response, which improves tissue blood perfusion and contributes to enhanced infiltration of immunostimulatory modules, including cytokines and effector lymphocytes. This immune-modulating strategy mediated by Ausome ultimately brings about a comprehensive immune reaction and selectively amplifies the effects of local antitumor immunity, enhancing the efficacy of well-established chemo- or immuno-therapies in preclinical cancer models in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yiye Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China.
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China.
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Wen X, Xie W, Gao J, Zhang D, Yang M, Zhang Z, Du Y, Jin Y. Systematically uncovering the absorbed effective substances of Radix Scutellaria-licorice drug pair in rat plasma against COVID-19 using a combined UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and target network pharmacology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289121. [PMID: 37556490 PMCID: PMC10411761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Scutellaria-Licorice drug pair (RSLDP), a frequently used herbal pair with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, is the commonly employed drug pair in TCM prescriptions for the treatment of COVID-19. Until now, the metabolism feature and anti-COVID-19 mechanism of RSLDP have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a sensitive and rapid method was developed for the separation and identification of the absorbed constituents of RSLDP in the rat plasma by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Additionally, we optimized the conventional methodologies of network pharmacology and proposed a new concept called target network pharmacology (T-NP). It used the absorbed constituents and the corresponding targets to generate a compound-target network, and compared to conventional network pharmacology, it could reduce false-positive results. A total of 85 absorbed constituents were identified or tentatively characterized in dosed plasma, including 32 components in the group of Radix Scutellaria, 27 components in the group of Licorice, and 65 components in the group of RSLDP. The results showed that the compatibility of Radix Scutellaria and Licorice increased the number of components in vivo. We found that 106 potential targets among the 61 active compounds in RSLDP were related to COVID-19. And 12 targets (STAT3, AKT1, EGFR, HSP9AA1, MAPK3, JUN, IL6, VEGFA, TNF, IL2, RELA, and STAT1) could be core targets for RSLDP in treating COVID-19. Results from these targets indicate that RSLDP treatment of COVID-19 mainly involves response to chemical stress, response to oxygenates, positive regulation of cytokines, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway for diabetic complications, virus-related pathways such as novel coronavirus and human cytomegalovirus infection, inflammatory immune-related pathways, and so on. The metabolism feature of RSLDP in vivo was systematically uncovered. The combined use of the T-NP method could discover potential drug targets and disclose the biological processes of RSLDP, which will clarify the potential mechanisms of RSLDP in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Dedong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, P. R. China
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Yazdanparast S, Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Mikanik F, Ahmadi R, Ghorbani M, Mansoorian MR, Mansoorian M, Chegni H, Moshari J, Gharehbaghian A. Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness. Life Sci 2023:121907. [PMID: 37394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness. AIM This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles. KEY FINDINGS Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | | | - Mozhgan Mansoorian
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Moshari
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nakamura Y, Hatomoto H, Yamasaki S, Yamauchi K, Kiyomi F, Hoshino K, Kawano Y, Nakano T, Hasegawa T, Ishikura H. Comparison of the cytokine adsorption ability in continuous renal replacement therapy using polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hemofilters: a pilot single-center open-label randomized control trial. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:208. [PMID: 37391846 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis occurs as a result of dysregulated host response to infection. However, cytokine adsorption therapy may restore the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator responses in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to determine the cytokine adsorption ability of two different types of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) hemofilters for polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) (surface-treated) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) CRRT. METHODS We performed a randomized controlled trial among sepsis patients undergoing CRRT, who were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either AN69ST or PMMA-CRRT. The primary outcome was cytokine clearance of hemofilter adsorption (CHA). The secondary endpoints were the intensive care unit (ICU) and 28-day mortalities. RESULTS We randomly selected 52 patients. Primary outcome data were available for 26 patients each in the AN69ST-CRRT and PMMA-CRRT arms. The CHA of high-mobility group box 1, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-8, monokine induced by interferon-γ, and macrophage inflammatory protein were significantly higher in the AN69ST-CRRT group than in the PMMA-CRRT group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the CHA of IL-6 was significantly higher in the PMMA-CRRT group than in the AN69ST-CRRT group (P < 0.001). In addition, the 28-day mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (50% in AN69ST-CRRT vs. 30.8% in PMMA-CRRT, P = 0.26). CONCLUSION AN69ST and PMMA membranes have different cytokine CHA in patients with sepsis. Therefore, these two hemofilters may have to be used depending on the target cytokine. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network on November 1, 2017 (Trial No: UMIN000029450, https://center6.umin.ac.jp ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hatomoto
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kota Hoshino
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kawano
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hasegawa
- Research and Development Division, Sysmex R&D Centre Europe GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ma B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Ma C, Chand R, Patwardhan S, Wang C, Thamphiwatana SD, Chen P, Chen W. A digital nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor for multiplexed cytokine monitoring during CAR T-cell therapy from a leukemia tumor microenvironment model. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115247. [PMID: 37023552 PMCID: PMC10103176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The release of cytokines by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and tumor resident immune cells defines a significant part of CAR T-cell functional activity and patient immune responses during CAR T-cell therapy. However, few studies have so far precisely characterized the cytokine secretion dynamics in the tumor niche during CAR T-cell therapy, which requires multiplexed, and timely biosensing platforms and integration with biomimetic tumor microenvironment. Herein, we implemented a digital nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor with a microfluidic biomimetic Leukemia-on-a-Chip model to monitor cytokine secretion dynamics during CD19 CAR T-cell therapy against precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL). The integrated nanoplasmonic biosensors achieved precise multiplexed cytokine measurements with low operating sample volume, short assay time, heightened sensitivity, and negligible sensor crosstalk. Using the digital nanoplasmonic biosensing approach, we measured the concentrations of six cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, GM-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-6) during first 5 days of CAR T-cell treatment in the microfluidic Leukemia-on-a-Chip model. Our results revealed a heterogeneous secretion profile of various cytokines during CAR T-cell therapy and confirmed a correlation between the cytokine secretion profile and the CAR T-cell cytotoxic activity. The capability to monitor immune cell cytokine secretion dynamics in a biomimetic tumor microenvironment could further help in study of cytokine release syndrome during CAR T-cell therapy and in development of more efficient and safer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benteng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Rashik Chand
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saee Patwardhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Department of Material Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Soracha D Thamphiwatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Material Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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