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Cañadas-Garre M, Baños-Jaime B, Maqueda JJ, Smyth LJ, Cappa R, Skelly R, Hill C, Brennan EP, Doyle R, Godson C, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genetic variants affecting mitochondrial function provide further insights for kidney disease. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:576. [PMID: 38858654 PMCID: PMC11163707 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that has become a high prevalence global health problem, with diabetes being its predominant pathophysiologic driver. Autosomal genetic variation only explains some of the predisposition to kidney disease. Variations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMG) are implicated in susceptibility to kidney disease and CKD progression, but they have not been thoroughly explored. Our aim was to investigate the association of variation in both mtDNA and NEMG with CKD (and related traits), with a particular focus on diabetes. METHODS We used the UK Biobank (UKB) and UK-ROI, an independent collection of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. RESULTS Fourteen mitochondrial variants were associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in UKB. Mitochondrial variants and haplogroups U, H and J were associated with eGFR and serum variables. Mitochondrial haplogroup H was associated with all the serum variables regardless of the presence of diabetes. Mitochondrial haplogroup X was associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in UKB. We confirmed the influence of several known NEMG on kidney disease and function and found novel associations for SLC39A13, CFL1, ACP2 or ATP5G1 with serum variables and kidney damage, and for SLC4A1, NUP210 and MYH14 with ESKD. The G allele of TBC1D32-rs113987180 was associated with higher risk of ESKD in patients with diabetes (OR:9.879; CI95%:4.440-21.980; P = 2.0E-08). In UK-ROI, AGXT2-rs71615838 and SURF1-rs183853102 were associated with diabetic nephropathies, and TFB1M-rs869120 with eGFR. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel variants both in mtDNA and NEMG which may explain some of the missing heritability for CKD and kidney phenotypes. We confirmed the role of MT-ND5 and mitochondrial haplogroup H on renal disease (serum variables), and identified the MT-ND5-rs41535848G variant, along with mitochondrial haplogroup X, associated with higher risk of ESKD. Despite most of the associations were independent of diabetes, we also showed potential roles for NEMG in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
- Genomic Oncology Area, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, GENYO, University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada. Avenida de La Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Avenida de Las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Avda. de Madrid, 15, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Blanca Baños-Jaime
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja (cicCartuja), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín J Maqueda
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ruaidhri Cappa
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ryan Skelly
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Claire Hill
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ross Doyle
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin, D07 R2WY, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Alexander P Maxwell
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Level 11Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health,, Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Clinical Sciences A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
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2
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Lyssenko V, Vaag A. Genetics of diabetes-associated microvascular complications. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1601-1613. [PMID: 37452207 PMCID: PMC10390394 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with excess morbidity and mortality due to both micro- and macrovascular complications, as well as a range of non-classical comorbidities. Diabetes-associated microvascular complications are those considered most closely related to hyperglycaemia in a causal manner. However, some individuals with hyperglycaemia (even those with severe hyperglycaemia) do not develop microvascular diseases, which, together with evidence of co-occurrence of microvascular diseases in families, suggests a role for genetics. While genome-wide association studies (GWASs) produced firm evidence of multiple genetic variants underlying differential susceptibility to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, genetic determinants of microvascular complications are mostly suggestive. Identified susceptibility variants of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mirror variants underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals without diabetes. As for retinopathy and neuropathy, reported risk variants currently lack large-scale replication. The reported associations between type 2 diabetes risk variants and microvascular complications may be explained by hyperglycaemia. More extensive phenotyping, along with adjustments for unmeasured confounding, including both early (fetal) and late-life (hyperglycaemia, hypertension, etc.) environmental factors, are urgently needed to understand the genetics of microvascular complications. Finally, genetic variants associated with reduced glycolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage and sustained cell regeneration may protect against microvascular complications, illustrating the utility of studies in individuals who have escaped these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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3
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Brossard M, Paterson AD, Espin-Garcia O, Craiu RV, Bull SB. Characterization of direct and/or indirect genetic associations for multiple traits in longitudinal studies of disease progression. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad119. [PMID: 37369448 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When quantitative longitudinal traits are risk factors for disease progression and subject to random biological variation, joint model analysis of time-to-event and longitudinal traits can effectively identify direct and/or indirect genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with time-to-event. We present a joint model that integrates: (1) a multivariate linear mixed model describing trajectories of multiple longitudinal traits as a function of time, SNP effects, and subject-specific random effects and (2) a frailty Cox survival model that depends on SNPs, longitudinal trajectory effects, and subject-specific frailty accounting for dependence among multiple time-to-event traits. Motivated by complex genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes complications (T1DC) observed in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), we implement a 2-stage approach to inference with bootstrap joint covariance estimation and develop a hypothesis testing procedure to classify direct and/or indirect SNP association with each time-to-event trait. By realistic simulation study, we show that joint modeling of 2 time-to-T1DC (retinopathy and nephropathy) and 2 longitudinal risk factors (HbA1c and systolic blood pressure) reduces estimation bias in genetic effects and improves classification accuracy of direct and/or indirect SNP associations, compared to methods that ignore within-subject risk factor variability and dependence among longitudinal and time-to-event traits. Through DCCT data analysis, we demonstrate feasibility for candidate SNP modeling and quantify effects of sample size and Winner's curse bias on classification for 2 SNPs identified as having indirect associations with time-to-T1DC traits. Joint analysis of multiple longitudinal and multiple time-to-event traits provides insight into complex traits architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Brossard
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto M5T 3L9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto M5G 1X8, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3M7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3M7, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto M5G 2C1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6A 5C1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Radu V Craiu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley B Bull
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto M5T 3L9, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3M7, Ontario, Canada
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Geng K, Ma X, Jiang Z, Gu J, Huang W, Wang W, Xu Y, Xu Y. WDR74 facilitates TGF-β/Smad pathway activation to promote M2 macrophage polarization and diabetic foot ulcer wound healing in mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1577-1591. [PMID: 35982296 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a devastating component of diabetes progression, leading to decreased quality of life and increased mortality in diabetic patients. The underlying mechanism of DFU is not completely understood. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism involved in wound healing in mouse models of DFU. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to study the roles that WDR74 and TGF-β play in mouse models of DFU and primary bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages. M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypic markers, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and angiogenic makers were determined by RT-qPCR and/or Western blot analysis. Localization of these proteins was determined by immunofluorescence staining and/or immunohistochemistry. Interaction between WDR74 with Smad2/3 in macrophages was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. We found that WDR74 and M2 macrophages were decreased in wound tissues from DFU mice. TGF-β/Smad pathway activation increased the expression of M2 macrophage markers (arginase-1 and YM1), IL-4, while decreased expression of M1 macrophage marker (iNOS). TGF-β/Smad pathway activation also increased the production of ECM and promoted the wound closure in diabetic mice. We also noticed that WDR74 overexpression increased Smad2/3 phosphorylation, elevated the population of M2 macrophage and ECM production, and alleviated DFU. LY2109761 treatment normalized effects of TGF-β or WDR74 overexpression. In conclusion, WDR74 promoted M2 macrophage polarization, leading to improved DFU in mice, through activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Graphical Headlights 1. WDR74 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and ECM production. 2. WDR74 activates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. 3. TGF-β/Smad activation promotes M2 macrophage polarization in murine DFU. 4. WDR74 enhances wound healing in murine DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Geng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Gu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, West China Yibin Hospital, Sichuan University, Yibin, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
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5
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Role of 19 SNPs in 10 genes with type 2 diabetes in the Pakistani population. Gene X 2023; 848:146899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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7
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Wang L, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Gao P, Lin X, Wu Z. A Genetic Polymorphism in the WDR72 Gene is Associated With Calcium Nephrolithiasis in the Chinese Han Population. Front Genet 2022; 13:897051. [PMID: 35910217 PMCID: PMC9333346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.897051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported several novel loci for nephrolithiasis in British and Japanese population, some of which were predicted to influence CaSR signaling. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of these loci with calcium nephrolithiasis in Chinese Han population. We performed a case-control association analysis involving 691 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and 1008 control subjects. We were able to genotype a total of 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were previously reported to be significantly associated with nephrolithiasis in GWAS. rs578595 at WDR72 was significantly associated with calcium nephrolithiasis in Chinese Han population (p < 0.001, OR = 0.617). Moreover, rs12654812 at SLC34A1 (p = 0.0427, OR = 1.170), rs12539707 at HIBADH (p = 0.0179, OR = 0.734), rs1037271 at DGKH (p = 0.0096, OR = 0.828) and rs12626330 at CLDN14 (p = 0.0080, OR = 1.213) indicated suggestive associations with calcium nephrolithiasis. Our results elucidated the significance of genetic variation at WDR72, DGKH, CLDN14, SLC34A1, and HIBADH in Chinese patients with nephrolithiasis. Since polymorphisms of WDR72, DGKH, and CLDN14 are predicted to influence in CaSR signaling, our results emphasized the role of abnormal calcium homeostasis in calcium nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital & Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital & Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital & Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital & Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Lin, ; Zhong Wu,
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital & Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Lin, ; Zhong Wu,
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8
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Beware of Misdelivery: Multifaceted Role of Retromer Transport in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:897688. [PMID: 35601613 PMCID: PMC9120357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.897688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a highly integrated multimeric protein complex that mediates retrograde cargo sorting from endosomal compartments. In concert with its accessory proteins, the retromer drives packaged cargoes to tubular and vesicular structures, thereby transferring them to the trans-Golgi network or to the plasma membrane. In addition to the endosomal trafficking, the retromer machinery participates in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and thus contributes to cellular homeostasis. The retromer components and their associated molecules are expressed in different types of cells including neurons and glial cells, and accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies suggests that retromer dysfunction is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, targeting retromer components could alleviate the neurodegenerative process, suggesting that the retromer complex may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will provide the latest insight into the regulatory mechanisms of retromer and discuss how its dysfunction influences the pathological process leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hasegawa,
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Chae CW, Choi GE, Jung YH, Lim JR, Cho JH, Yoon JH, Han HJ. High glucose-mediated VPS26a downregulation dysregulates neuronal amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3934-3950. [PMID: 35297035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between hyperglycaemia-induced retromer dysfunction impairing intracellular trafficking and AD remains unclear, although Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of high glucose on the retromer, and defined the dysregulation of mechanisms of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and tau phosphorylation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal differentiated cells and SH-SY5Ys exposed to high glucose to identify the underlying mechanisms. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were used to elucidate whether the retromer contributes to the AD-like pathology. KEY RESULTS We found that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26a (VPS26a) was decreased in the hippocampus of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated human neuronal cells. High glucose downregulated VPS26a through ROS/NF-κB/DNA methyltransferase1-mediated promoter hypermethylation. VPS26a recovery blocked retention of APP and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in endosomes and promoted transport to the trans-Golgi, which decreased Aβ levels, and improved Cathepsin D activity, reducing p-tau levels, respectively. Retromer enhancement ameliorated synaptic deficits, astrocyte over-activation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, VPS26a is a promising candidate for the inhibition of DM-associated AD pathogenesis by modulating APP processing and tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Cho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Four Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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van Duinkerken E, IJzerman RG, Barkhof F, Moll AC, Diamant M, Snoek FJ, Klein M. Cognitive Functioning and Hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes and Apolipoprotein E ε4. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:dc210483. [PMID: 34380705 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (ApoE-ε4) is related to cognitive and brain decline in the general population, its effect on the brain in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to determine the interaction between ApoE-ε4 and T1DM on cognitive performance and hippocampal structure and connectivity as the brain area most vulnerable to ApoE-ε4 effects in adult patients with T1DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Blood sampling was performed in 104 patients with T1DM and 49 control subjects for ApoE genotyping, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging to determine hippocampal volume and resting-state connectivity. The interaction between T1DM status and ApoE-ε4 presence was investigated and adjusted for age and mean systolic blood pressure. RESULTS ApoE genotyping could not be performed for three patients with T1DM. Significant interaction effects, indicating a differential effect of ApoE-ε4 between both groups, were found for overall cognitive functioning and for the subdomains of information processing speed and attention. Additionally, interaction effects were present for right hippocampal connectivity with the right posterior cingulate and supramarginal gyri. Subsequent group analysis showed that patients with T1DM with ApoE-ε4 performed worse on these cognitive domains with increased connectivity, relative to their counterparts without ApoE-ε4. In contrast, no cognitive effects, but decreased connectivity, were observed in control subjects with ApoE-ε4. In patients with T1DM, higher right hippocampus connectivity with the posterior cingulate gyrus was related to poorer overall cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS The results may suggest that ApoE-ε4 presence leaves our patients with T1DM more susceptible to cognitive decrements at a younger age, possibly through vascular pathways, warranting further longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco van Duinkerken
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Center for Epilepsy, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Xu J, Lu W. CircSPIDR acts as a tumour suppressor in cervical adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-431-5p and regulating SORCS1 and CUBN expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18340-18359. [PMID: 34326275 PMCID: PMC8351706 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To identify circular RNAs (circRNAs) with tumor suppressor activity against cervical adenocarcinoma, we compared the circRNA levels of cervical adenocarcinoma and normal cervical tissues. We found that circSPIDR was dramatically downregulated in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues. In cervical adenocarcinoma cells, overexpression of circSPIDR reduced cell viability, inhibited colony formation and promoted apoptosis, whereas knockdown of circSPIDR exerted the opposite effects. CircSPIDR overexpression also suppressed the tumorigenicity of cervical adenocarcinoma cells in a xenograft mouse model. CircSPIDR was found to sponge miR-431-5p, thereby de-repressing sortin-related VPS10 domain-containing receptor 1 (SORCS1) and cubilin (CUBN) and inhibiting the development of cervical adenocarcinoma. In clinical cervical samples, circSPIDR expression correlated negatively with miR-431-5p expression and positively with SORCS1 and CUBN expression. These results demonstrated that circSPIDR suppresses cervical adenocarcinoma by competitively binding to miR-431-5p, thus upregulating SORCS1 and CUBN. These findings suggest circSPIDR could serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Qu HQ, Qu J, Bradfield J, Marchand L, Glessner J, Chang X, March M, Li J, Connolly JJ, Roizen JD, Sleiman P, Polychronakos C, Hakonarson H. Genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes with low genetic risk score informed by 41 unreported loci. Commun Biol 2021; 4:908. [PMID: 34302048 PMCID: PMC8302754 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with low genetic risk scores (GRS) may be non-autoimmune or autoimmune mediated by other genetic loci. The T1D-GRS2 provides us an opportunity to look into the genetic architecture of these patients. A total of 18,949 European individuals were included in this study, including 6599 T1D cases and 12,323 controls. 957 (14.5%) T1D patients were identified with low GRS (GRS < 8.43). The genome-wide association study on these patients identified 41 unreported loci. Two loci with common variants and 39 loci with rare variants were identified in this study. This study identified common SNPs associated with both low GRS T1D and expression levels of the interferon-α-induced MNDA gene, indicating the role of viral infection in T1D. Interestingly, 16 of the 41 unreported loci have been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by previous studies, suggesting that genes residing at these loci may underlie both T1D and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jingchun Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Luc Marchand
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joseph Glessner
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Xiao Chang
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Michael March
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jin Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John J. Connolly
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Roizen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
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13
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Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, Hitt S, Arends V, Uschner D, Jones K, Diminick L, Karger AB, Paterson AD, Roshandel D, Marcovina S, Lachin JM, Steffes M, Palmer JP. Residual β cell function in long-term type 1 diabetes associates with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143011. [PMID: 33529168 PMCID: PMC7843223 DOI: 10.1172/jci143011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe investigated residual β cell function in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study participants with an average 35-year duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).METHODSSerum C-peptide was measured during a 4-hour mixed-meal tolerance test. Associations with metabolic outcomes and complications were explored among nonresponders (all C-peptide values after meal <0.003 nmol/L) and 3 categories of responders, classified by peak C-peptide concentration (nmol/L) as high (>0.2), intermediate (>0.03 to ≤0.2), and low (≥ 0.003 to ≤0.03).RESULTSOf the 944 participants, 117 (12.4%) were classified as responders. Residual C-peptide concentrations were associated with higher DCCT baseline concentrations of stimulated C-peptide (P value for trend = 0.0001). Residual C-peptide secretion was not associated with current or mean HbA1c, HLA high-risk haplotypes for T1DM, or the current presence of T1DM autoantibodies. The proportion of subjects with a history of severe hypoglycemia was lower with high (27%) and intermediate (48%) residual C-peptide concentrations than with low (74%) and no (70%) residual C-peptide concentrations (P value for trend = 0.0001). Responders and nonresponders demonstrated similar rates of advanced microvascular complications.CONCLUSIONβ Cell function can persist in long-duration T1DM. With a peak C-peptide concentration of >0.03 nmol/L, we observed clinically meaningful reductions in the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.FUNDINGDivision of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DP3-DK104438, U01 DK094176, and U01 DK094157).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A. Gubitosi-Klug
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara H. Braffett
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Hitt
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Diane Uschner
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lisa Diminick
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy B. Karger
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John M. Lachin
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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14
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Cho S, Lee H, Seo J. Impact of Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease on Brain Glucose Metabolism. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2608-2619. [PMID: 33479841 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 30 million people worldwide. Despite growing knowledge of AD pathophysiology, a complete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning AD is lacking, and there is currently no cure for AD. Extant literature suggests that AD is a polygenic and multifactorial disease underscored by complex and dynamic pathogenic mechanisms. Despite extensive research and clinical trials, there has been a dearth of novel drugs for AD treatment on the market since memantine in 2003. This lack of therapeutic success has directed the entire research community to approach the disease from a different angle. In this review, we discuss growing evidence for the close link between altered glucose metabolism and AD pathogenesis by exploring how genetic risk factors for AD are associated with dysfunctional glucose metabolism. We also discuss modification of genes responsible for metabolic pathways implicated in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhee Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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15
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Chen Z, Miao F, Braffett BH, Lachin JM, Zhang L, Wu X, Roshandel D, Carless M, Li XA, Tompkins JD, Kaddis JS, Riggs AD, Paterson AD, Natarajan R. DNA methylation mediates development of HbA1c-associated complications in type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab 2020; 2:744-762. [PMID: 32694834 PMCID: PMC7590966 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic memory, the persistent benefits of early glycaemic control on preventing and/or delaying the development of diabetic complications, has been observed in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up study, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show the involvement of epigenetic DNA methylation (DNAme) in metabolic memory by examining its associations with preceding glycaemic history, and with subsequent development of complications over an 18-yr period in the blood DNA of 499 randomly selected DCCT participants with type 1 diabetes who are also followed up in EDIC. We demonstrate the associations between DNAme near the closeout of DCCT and mean HbA1c during DCCT (mean-DCCT HbA1c) at 186 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) (FDR < 15%, including 43 at FDR < 5%), many of which were located in genes related to complications. Exploration studies into biological function reveal that these CpGs are enriched in binding sites for the C/EBP transcription factor, as well as enhancer/transcription regions in blood cells and haematopoietic stem cells, and open chromatin states in myeloid cells. Mediation analyses show that, remarkably, several CpGs in combination explain 68-97% of the association of mean-DCCT HbA1c with the risk of complications during EDIC. In summary, DNAme at key CpGs appears to mediate the association between hyperglycaemia and complications in metabolic memory, through modifying enhancer activity at myeloid and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Feng Miao
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Barbara H Braffett
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John M Lachin
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Carless
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xuejun Arthur Li
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Tompkins
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John S Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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16
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Eaaswarkhanth M, dos Santos ALC, Gokcumen O, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj TA. Genome-Wide Selection Scan in an Arabian Peninsula Population Identifies a TNKS Haplotype Linked to Metabolic Traits and Hypertension. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:77-87. [PMID: 32068798 PMCID: PMC7093833 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extreme and varying environmental conditions prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, it has experienced several waves of human migrations following the out-of-Africa diaspora. Eventually, the inhabitants of the peninsula region adapted to the hot and dry environment. The adaptation and natural selection that shaped the extant human populations of the Arabian Peninsula region have been scarcely studied. In an attempt to explore natural selection in the region, we analyzed 662,750 variants in 583 Kuwaiti individuals. We searched for regions in the genome that display signatures of positive selection in the Kuwaiti population using an integrative approach in a conservative manner. We highlight a haplotype overlapping TNKS that showed strong signals of positive selection based on the results of the multiple selection tests conducted (integrated Haplotype Score, Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity, Population Branch Statistics, and log-likelihood ratio scores). Notably, the TNKS haplotype under selection potentially conferred a fitness advantage to the Kuwaiti ancestors for surviving in the harsh environment while posing a major health risk to present-day Kuwaitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Luiz Campelo dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo
- Department of Archeology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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17
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Rushing A, Sommer EC, Zhao S, Po'e EK, Barkin SL. Salivary epigenetic biomarkers as predictors of emerging childhood obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:34. [PMID: 32059710 PMCID: PMC7023819 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics could facilitate greater understanding of disparities in the emergence of childhood obesity. While blood is a common tissue used in human epigenetic studies, saliva is a promising tissue. Our prior findings in non-obese preschool-aged Hispanic children identified 17 CpG dinucleotides for which differential methylation in saliva at baseline was associated with maternal obesity status. The current study investigated to what extent baseline DNA methylation in salivary samples in these 3-5-year-old Hispanic children predicted the incidence of childhood obesity in a 3-year prospective cohort. METHODS We examined a subsample (n = 92) of Growing Right Onto Wellness (GROW) trial participants who were randomly selected at baseline, prior to randomization, based on maternal phenotype (obese or non-obese). Baseline saliva samples were collected using the Oragene DNA saliva kit. Objective data were collected on child height and weight at baseline and 36 months later. Methylation arrays were processed using standard protocol. Associations between child obesity at 36 months and baseline salivary methylation at the previously identified 17 CpG dinucleotides were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the n = 75 children eligible for analysis, baseline methylation of Cg1307483 (NRF1) was significantly associated with emerging childhood obesity at 36-month follow-up (OR = 2.98, p = 0.04), after adjusting for child age, gender, child baseline BMI-Z, and adult baseline BMI. This translates to a model-estimated 48% chance of child obesity at 36-month follow-up for a child at the 75th percentile of NRF1 baseline methylation versus only a 30% chance of obesity for a similar child at the 25th percentile. Consistent with other studies, a higher baseline child BMI-Z during the preschool period was associated with the emergence of obesity 3 years later, but baseline methylation of NRF1 was associated with later obesity even after adjusting for child baseline BMI-Z. CONCLUSIONS Saliva offers a non-invasive means of DNA collection and epigenetic analysis. Our proof of principle study provides sound empirical evidence supporting DNA methylation in salivary tissue as a potential predictor of subsequent childhood obesity for Hispanic children. NFR1 could be a target for further exploration of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rushing
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 571 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-6838, USA
| | - Eli K Po'e
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 8232, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA.
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18
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Type 2 diabetes-associated single nucleotide polymorphism in Sorcs1 gene results in alternative processing of the Sorcs1 protein in INS1 β-cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19466. [PMID: 31857633 PMCID: PMC6923373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A threonine-to-Isoleucine (Thr52Ile) mutation within the pro-domain of the Sorcs1 gene was positionally cloned as the gene underlying a quantitative trait locus that affects fasting insulin levels in mice. In humans, genome-wide association studies and linkage studies have shown that SORCS1 is associated with diabetes and all of diabetes complications. We have recently shown that deletion of Sorcs1 in mice made obese with the leptinob mutation results in diabetes and an insulin granule stability defect. This present study investigates the functional consequence of the Sorcs1 Thr52Ile mutation in the rat INS1 β-cell line expressing either the wildtype or mutant Sorcs1 allele. We find that Sorcs1 Thr52Ile mutation is associated with increased basal insulin secretion, reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased insulin content in INS1 cells. Moreover, expression of Thr52Ile causes differential processing of the Sorcs1 protein resulting in the formation of an additional 90 kDa mutant form of the protein. The mutant form of the protein is localised to the ER, retains its pro-domain, and concurrently reduces expression of the functional mature 130 kDa Sorcs1 protein. These findings provide a mechanistic clue to why this specific allelic variation in Sorcs1 was associated with reduced insulin levels and type 2 diabetes.
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19
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Fernandez-Prado R, Kanbay M, Ortiz A, Perez-Gomez MV. Expanding congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) genetics: basonuclin 2 (BNC2) and lower urinary tract obstruction. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S226. [PMID: 31656805 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Fernandez-Prado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Liu C, Chen G, Bentley AR, Doumatey A, Zhou J, Adeyemo A, Yang J, Rotimi C. Genome-wide association study for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Africans. NPJ Genom Med 2019; 4:20. [PMID: 31482010 PMCID: PMC6715701 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-019-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes that is associated with longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control under a genetic susceptibility background. Although GWAS of PDR have been conducted in Europeans and Asians, none has been done in continental Africans, a population at increased risk for PDR. Here, we report a GWAS of PDR among Africans. PDR cases (n = 64) were T2D patients with neovascularization in the retina and/or retinal detachment. Controls (n = 227) were T2D patients without listed eye complications despite high risk (T2D duration ≥10 years and fasting blood glucose >169 mg/dl). Replication was assessed in African Americans enrolled in the ARIC study. We identified 4 significant loci: WDR72, HLA-B, GAP43/RP11-326J18.1, and AL713866.1. At WDR72 the most strongly associated SNPs were rs12906891 (MAF = 0.071; p = 9.68 × 10-10; OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.30,1.64]) and rs11070992 (MAF = 0.14; p = 4.23 × 10-8; OR = 1.28, 95%CI [1.17-1.40]). rs11070992 replicated in African Americans (p = 0.04). Variants in this gene have been associated with diabetic retinopathy, glycemic control, revascularization, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10730 China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Guanjie Chen
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ayo Doumatey
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10730 China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Charles Rotimi
- The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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21
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Deng WQ, Mao S, Kalnapenkis A, Esko T, Mägi R, Paré G, Sun L. Analytical strategies to include the X-chromosome in variance heterogeneity analyses: Evidence for trait-specific polygenic variance structure. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:815-830. [PMID: 31332826 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genotype-stratified variance of a quantitative trait could differ in the presence of gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. Genetic markers associated with phenotypic variance are thus considered promising candidates for follow-up interaction or joint location-scale analyses. However, as in studies of main effects, the X-chromosome is routinely excluded from "whole-genome" scans due to analytical challenges. Specifically, as males carry only one copy of the X-chromosome, the inherent sex-genotype dependency could bias the trait-genotype association, through sexual dimorphism in quantitative traits with sex-specific means or variances. Here we investigate phenotypic variance heterogeneity associated with X-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and propose valid and powerful strategies. Among those, a generalized Levene's test has adequate power and remains robust to sexual dimorphism. An alternative approach is a sex-stratified analysis but at the cost of slightly reduced power and modeling flexibility. We applied both methods to an Estonian study of gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL; n = 841), and two complex trait studies of height, hip, and waist circumferences, and body mass index from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 2,073) and UK Biobank (UKB; n = 327,393). Consistent with previous eQTL findings on mean, we found some but no conclusive evidence for cis regulators being enriched for variance association. SNP rs2681646 is associated with variance of waist circumference (p = 9.5E-07) at X-chromosome-wide significance in UKB, with a suggestive female-specific effect in MESA (p = 0.048). Collectively, an enrichment analysis using permutated UKB (p < 0.1) and MESA (p < 0.01) datasets, suggests a possible polygenic structure for the variance of human height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Q Deng
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shihong Mao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anette Kalnapenkis
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Syreeni A, Sandholm N, Cao J, Toppila I, Maahs DM, Rewers MJ, Snell-Bergeon JK, Costacou T, Orchard TJ, Caramori ML, Mauer M, Klein BE, Klein R, Valo E, Parkkonen M, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Paterson AD, Groop PH. Genetic Determinants of Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:858-867. [PMID: 30674623 PMCID: PMC6425874 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important measure of glycemia in diabetes. HbA1c is influenced by environmental and genetic factors both in people with and in people without diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for HbA1c in a Finnish type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort, FinnDiane. Top results were examined for replication in T1D cohorts DCCT/EDIC, WESDR, CACTI, EDC, and RASS, and a meta-analysis was performed. Three SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 13 near relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) were associated with HbA1c in FinnDiane at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The minor alleles of rs2085277 and rs1360072 were associated with higher HbA1c also in the meta-analysis with RASS (P < 5 × 10-8), where these variants had minor allele frequencies ≥1%. Furthermore, these SNPs were associated with HbA1c in an East Asian population without diabetes (P ≤ 0.013). A weighted genetic risk score created from 55 HbA1c-associated variants from the literature was associated with HbA1c in FinnDiane but explained only a small amount of variation. Understanding the genetic basis of glycemic control and HbA1c may lead to better prevention of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David M. Maahs
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marian J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Trevor J. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Luiza Caramori
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Mauer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Erkka Valo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Parkkonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Per-Henrik Groop,
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23
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Hivert MF, Christophi CA, Jablonski KA, Edelstein SL, Kahn SE, Golden SH, Dagogo-Jack S, Mather KJ, Luchsinger JA, Caballero AE, Barrett-Connor E, Knowler WC, Florez JC, Herman WH. Genetic Ancestry Markers and Difference in A1c Between African American and White in the Diabetes Prevention Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:328-336. [PMID: 30358859 PMCID: PMC6300069 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HbA1c levels are higher in blacks than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). We investigated whether genetics could explain this difference in Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants. METHODS We tested (i) genetic variants causing hemoglobinopathies, (ii) a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 60 variants associated with HbA1c from genome-wide association meta-analysis, and (iii) principal component (PC) factors that capture continental ancestry derived from genetic markers distributed across the genome. RESULTS Of 2658 eligible DPP participants, 537 (20%) self-identified as black and 1476 (56%) as NHW. Despite comparable fasting and 2-hour glucose levels, blacks had higher HbA1c (mean ± SD = 6.2 ± 0.6%) compared with NHWs (5.8 ± 0.4%; P < 0.001). In blacks, the genetic variant causing sickle cell trait was associated with higher HbA1c [β (SE) = +0.44 (0.08)%; P = 2.1 × 10-4]. The GRS was associated with HbA1c in both blacks and NHWs. Self-identified blacks were distributed along the first PC axis, as expected in mixed ancestry populations. The first PC explained 60% of the 0.4% difference in HbA1c between blacks and NHWs, whereas the sickle cell variant explained 16% and GRS explained 14%. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of HbA1c difference between blacks and NHWs was associated with the first PC factor, suggesting that unidentified genetic markers influence HbA1c in blacks in addition to nongenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sherita Hill Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - William C Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William H Herman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: William H. Herman, MD, MPH, c/o Diabetes Prevention Program Coordinating Center, George Washington University Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 750, Rockville, Maryland 20852. E-mail:
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24
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Gloaguen E, Bendelac N, Nicolino M, Julier C, Mathieu F. A systematic review of non-genetic predictors and genetic factors of glycated haemoglobin in type 1 diabetes one year after diagnosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3051. [PMID: 30063815 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic βcells. Although all T1D patients require daily administration of exogenous insulin, their insulin requirement to achieve good glycaemic control may vary significantly. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level represents a stable indicator of glycaemic control and is a reliable predictor of long-term complications of T1D. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the role of non-genetic predictors and genetic factors of HbA1c level in T1D patients after the first year of T1D, to exclude the honeymoon period. A total of 1974 articles published since January 2011 were identified and 78 were finally included in the analysis of non-genetic predictors. For genetic factors, a total of 277 articles were identified and 14 were included. The most significantly associated factors with HbA1c level are demographic (age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), personal (family characteristics, parental care, psychological traits...) and features related to T1D (duration of T1D, adherence to treatment …). Only a few studies have searched for genetic factors influencing HbA1c level, most of which focused on candidate genes using classical genetic statistical methods, with generally limited power and incomplete adjustment for confounding factors and multiple testing. Our review shows the complexity of explaining HbA1c level variations, which involves numerous correlated predictors. Overall, our review underlines the lack of studies investigating jointly genetic and non-genetic factors and their interactions to better understand factors influencing glycaemic control for T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gloaguen
- Inserm UMRS-958, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Nicolino
- Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Julier
- Inserm UMRS-958, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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25
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El Rouby N, McDonough CW, Gong Y, McClure LA, Mitchell BD, Horenstein RB, Talbert RL, Crawford DC, Gitzendanner MA, Takahashi A, Tanaka T, Kubo M, Pepine CJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Benavente OR, Shuldiner AR, Johnson JA. Genome-wide association analysis of common genetic variants of resistant hypertension. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:295-304. [PMID: 30237584 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 using three or more drugs or controlled BP (<140/90) using four or more drugs, is associated with adverse outcomes, including decline in kidney function. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis in 1194 White and Hispanic participants with hypertension and coronary artery disease from the INternational VErapamil-SR Trandolapril STudy-GENEtic Substudy (INVEST-GENES). Top variants associated with RHTN at p < 10-4 were tested for replication in 585 White and Hispanic participants with hypertension and subcortical strokes from the Secondary Prevention of Subcortical Strokes GENEtic Substudy (SPS3-GENES). A genetic risk score for RHTN was created by summing the risk alleles of replicated RHTN signals. rs11749255 in MSX2 was associated with RHTN in INVEST (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.2-1.8), p = 7.3 × 10-5) and replicated in SPS3 (OR = 2.0 (1.4-2.8), p = 4.3 × 10-5), with genome-wide significance in meta-analysis (OR = 1.60 (1.3-1.9), p = 3.8 × 10-8). Other replicated signals were in IFLTD1 and PTPRD. IFLTD1 rs6487504 was associated with RHTN in INVEST (OR = 1.90 (1.4-2.5), p = 1.1 × 10-5) and SPS3 (OR = 1.70 (1.2-2.5), p = 4 × 10-3). PTPRD rs324498, a previously reported RHTN signal, was among the top signals in INVEST (OR = 1.60 (1.3-2.0), p = 3.4 × 10-5) and replicated in SPS3 (OR = 1.60 (1.1-2.4), one-sided p = 0.005). Participants with the highest number of risk alleles were at increased risk of RHTN compared to participants with a lower number (p-trend = 1.8 × 10-15). Overall, we identified and replicated associations with RHTN in the MSX2, IFLTD1, and PTPRD regions, and combined these associations to create a genetic risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B Horenstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Talbert
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavente
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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26
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Roshandel D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Bull SB, Canty AJ, Pezzolesi MG, King GL, Keenan HA, Snell-Bergeon JK, Maahs DM, Klein R, Klein BEK, Orchard TJ, Costacou T, Weedon MN, Oram RA, Paterson AD. Meta-genome-wide association studies identify a locus on chromosome 1 and multiple variants in the MHC region for serum C-peptide in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1098-1111. [PMID: 29404672 PMCID: PMC5876265 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with beta cell function in type 1 diabetes, as measured by serum C-peptide levels, through meta-genome-wide association studies (meta-GWAS). METHODS We performed a meta-GWAS to combine the results from five studies in type 1 diabetes with cross-sectionally measured stimulated, fasting or random C-peptide levels, including 3479 European participants. The p values across studies were combined, taking into account sample size and direction of effect. We also performed separate meta-GWAS for stimulated (n = 1303), fasting (n = 2019) and random (n = 1497) C-peptide levels. RESULTS In the meta-GWAS for stimulated/fasting/random C-peptide levels, a SNP on chromosome 1, rs559047 (Chr1:238753916, T>A, minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.24-0.26), was associated with C-peptide (p = 4.13 × 10-8), meeting the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8). In the same meta-GWAS, a locus in the MHC region (rs9260151) was close to the genome-wide significance threshold (Chr6:29911030, C>T, MAF 0.07-0.10, p = 8.43 × 10-8). In the stimulated C-peptide meta-GWAS, rs61211515 (Chr6:30100975, T/-, MAF 0.17-0.19) in the MHC region was associated with stimulated C-peptide (β [SE] = - 0.39 [0.07], p = 9.72 × 10-8). rs61211515 was also associated with the rate of stimulated C-peptide decline over time in a subset of individuals (n = 258) with annual repeated measures for up to 6 years (p = 0.02). In the meta-GWAS of random C-peptide, another MHC region, SNP rs3135002 (Chr6:32668439, C>A, MAF 0.02-0.06), was associated with C-peptide (p = 3.49 × 10-8). Conditional analyses suggested that the three identified variants in the MHC region were independent of each other. rs9260151 and rs3135002 have been associated with type 1 diabetes, whereas rs559047 and rs61211515 have not been associated with a risk of developing type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We identified a locus on chromosome 1 and multiple variants in the MHC region, at least some of which were distinct from type 1 diabetes risk loci, that were associated with C-peptide, suggesting partly non-overlapping mechanisms for the development and progression of type 1 diabetes. These associations need to be validated in independent populations. Further investigations could provide insights into mechanisms of beta cell loss and opportunities to preserve beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H3, Canada
| | | | - Shelley B Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angelo J Canty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus G Pezzolesi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David M Maahs
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H3, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Re: The recent paper 'Genetic determinants of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes'. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2018; 28:125-126. [PMID: 29677089 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Spracklen CN, Shi J, Vadlamudi S, Wu Y, Zou M, Raulerson CK, Davis JP, Zeynalzadeh M, Jackson K, Yuan W, Wang H, Shou W, Wang Y, Luo J, Lange LA, Lange EM, Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P, Du S, Huang W, Mohlke KL. Identification and functional analysis of glycemic trait loci in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007275. [PMID: 29621232 PMCID: PMC5886383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic contributions to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c), we conducted genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) in up to 7,178 Chinese subjects from nine provinces in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We examined patterns of population structure within CHNS and found that allele frequencies differed across provinces, consistent with genetic drift and population substructure. We further validated 32 previously described T2D- and glycemic trait-loci, including G6PC2 and SIX3-SIX2 associated with fasting glucose. At G6PC2, we replicated a known fasting glucose-associated variant (rs34177044) and identified a second signal (rs2232326), a low-frequency (4%), probably damaging missense variant (S324P). A variant within the lead fasting glucose-associated signal at SIX3-SIX2 co-localized with pancreatic islet expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for SIX3, SIX2, and three noncoding transcripts. To identify variants functionally responsible for the fasting glucose association at SIX3-SIX2, we tested five candidate variants for allelic differences in regulatory function. The rs12712928-C allele, associated with higher fasting glucose and lower transcript expression level, showed lower transcriptional activity in reporter assays and increased binding to GABP compared to the rs12712928-G, suggesting that rs12712928-C contributes to elevated fasting glucose levels by disrupting an islet enhancer, resulting in reduced gene expression. Taken together, these analyses identified multiple loci associated with glycemic traits across China, and suggest a regulatory mechanism at the SIX3-SIX2 fasting glucose GWAS locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N. Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Swarooparani Vadlamudi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meng Zou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chelsea K. Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James P. Davis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monica Zeynalzadeh
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kayla Jackson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wentao Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Shou
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Subkhangulova A, Malik AR, Hermey G, Popp O, Dittmar G, Rathjen T, Poy MN, Stumpf A, Beed PS, Schmitz D, Breiderhoff T, Willnow TE. SORCS1 and SORCS3 control energy balance and orexigenic peptide production. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744810. [PMID: 29440124 PMCID: PMC5891432 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SORCS1 and SORCS3 are two related sorting receptors expressed in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Using mouse models with individual or dual receptor deficiencies, we document a previously unknown function of these receptors in central control of metabolism. Specifically, SORCS1 and SORCS3 act as intracellular trafficking receptors for tropomyosin-related kinase B to attenuate signaling by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a potent regulator of energy homeostasis. Loss of the joint action of SORCS1 and SORCS3 in mutant mice results in excessive production of the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related peptide and in a state of chronic energy excess characterized by enhanced food intake, decreased locomotor activity, diminished usage of lipids as metabolic fuel, and increased adiposity, albeit at overall reduced body weight. Our findings highlight a novel concept in regulation of the melanocortin system and the role played by trafficking receptors SORCS1 and SORCS3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna R Malik
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rathjen
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew N Poy
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Stumpf
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prateep Sanker Beed
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany .,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Barrett EJ, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, King GL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hughes TM, Craft S, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Vinik AI, Casellini CM. Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4343-4410. [PMID: 29126250 PMCID: PMC5718697 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - George L. King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
| | - Carolina M. Casellini
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
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31
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Bull SB, Andrulis IL, Paterson AD. Statistical challenges in high-dimensional molecular and genetic epidemiology. CAN J STAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjs.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley B. Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute; Sinai Health System; Toronto Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada M5T 3M7
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute; Sinai Health System; Toronto Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada M5T 3M7
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 0A4
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32
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Halperin Kuhns VL, Pluznick JL. Novel differences in renal gene expression in a diet-induced obesity model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F517-F530. [PMID: 29141937 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00345.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. To better understand disease development, we sought to identify novel genes differentially expressed early in disease progression. We first confirmed that mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit early signs of renal injury including hyperfiltration. We then performed RNA-Seq using renal cortex RNA from C57BL6/J male mice fed either HF or control (Ctrl) diet. We identified 1,134 genes differentially expressed in the cortex on HF vs. Ctrl, of which 31 genes were selected for follow-up analysis. This included the 9 most upregulated, the 11 most downregulated, and 11 genes of interest (primarily sensory receptors and G proteins). Quantitative (q)RT-PCR for these 31 genes was performed on additional male renal cortex and medulla samples, and 11 genes (including all 9 upregulated genes) were selected for further study based on qRT-PCR. We then examined expression of these 11 genes in Ctrl and HF male heart and liver samples, which demonstrated that these changes are relatively specific to the renal cortex. These 11 genes were also examined in female renal cortex, where we found that the expression changes seen in males on a HF diet are not replicated in females, even when the females are started on the diet sooner to match weight gain of the males. In sum, these data demonstrate that in a HF-diet model of early disease, novel transcriptional changes occur that are both sex specific and specific to the renal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease: Modulation of APP Transport and Processing by the Transmembrane Proteins LRP1, SorLA, SorCS1c, Sortilin, and Calsyntenin. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5809-5829. [PMID: 29079999 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), one key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is extensively processed by different proteases. This leads to the generation of diverging fragments including the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which accumulates in brains of AD patients. Subcellular trafficking of APP is an important aspect for its proteolytic conversion, since the various secretases which cleave APP are located in different cellular compartments. As a consequence, altered subcellular targeting of APP is thought to directly affect the degree to which Aβ is generated. The mechanisms underlying intracellular APP transport are critical to understand AD pathogenesis and can serve as a target for future pharmacological interventions. In the recent years, a number of APP interacting proteins were identified which are implicated in sorting of APP, thereby influencing APP processing at different angles of the secretory or endocytic pathway. This review provides an update on the proteolytic processing of APP and the interplay of the transmembrane proteins low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, sortilin-receptor with A-type repeats, SorCS1c, sortilin, and calsyntenin. We discuss the specific interactions with APP, the capacity to modulate the intracellular itinerary and the proteolytic conversion of APP, a possible involvement in the clearance of Aβ, and the implications of these transmembrane proteins in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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34
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Genetic determinants of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 27:323-328. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Januliene D, Manavalan A, Ovesen PL, Pedersen KM, Thirup S, Nykjær A, Moeller A. Hidden Twins: SorCS Neuroreceptors Form Stable Dimers. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2907-2917. [PMID: 28827148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3 belong to the Vps10p-domain family of multiligand receptors. Genetic and functional studies have linked SorCS receptors to psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes, demonstrating critical roles in neuronal functionality and metabolic control. Surprisingly, their structural composition has so far not been studied. Here we have characterized SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3 using biochemical methods and electron microscopy. We found that their purified extracellular domains co-exist in stable dimeric and monomeric populations. This was supported by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, where membrane-bound dimers were successfully pulled down from cell lysate. While dimers were virtually unbreakable, dimerization of the monomeric population was promoted through enzymatic deglycosylation. We conclude that post-translational modifications, specifically the degree and pattern of glycosylation, regulate the oligomeric state of the protein. Hence, cells may dictate ligand specificity by controlling the ratio between monomers and dimers and, therefore, regulate the multiple functions of SorCS receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Januliene
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; DANDRITE, iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Lund Ovesen
- DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karen-Marie Pedersen
- DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Thirup
- MIND Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arne Moeller
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; DANDRITE, iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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36
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Ricard A, Robert C, Blouin C, Baste F, Torquet G, Morgenthaler C, Rivière J, Mach N, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. Endurance Exercise Ability in the Horse: A Trait with Complex Polygenic Determinism. Front Genet 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28702049 PMCID: PMC5488500 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance horses are able to run at more than 20 km/h for 160 km (in bouts of 30-40 km). This level of performance is based on intense aerobic metabolism, effective body heat dissipation and the ability to endure painful exercise. The known heritabilities of endurance performance and exercise-related physiological traits in Arabian horses suggest that adaptation to extreme endurance exercise is influenced by genetic factors. The objective of the present genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to endurance racing performance in 597 Arabian horses. The performance traits studied were the total race distance, average race speed and finishing status (qualified, eliminated or retired). We used three mixed models that included a fixed allele or genotype effect and a random, polygenic effect. Quantile-quantile plots were acceptable, and the regression coefficients for actual vs. expected log10p-values ranged from 0.865 to 1.055. The GWAS revealed five significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) corresponding to 6 SNPs on chromosomes 6, 1, 7, 16, and 29 (two SNPs) with corrected p-values from 1.7 × 10-6 to 1.8 × 10-5. Annotation of these 5 QTL revealed two genes: sortilin-related VPS10-domain-containing receptor 3 (SORCS3) on chromosome 1 is involved in protein trafficking, and solute carrier family 39 member 12 (SLC39A12) on chromosome 29 is active in zinc transport and cell homeostasis. These two coding genes could be involved in neuronal tissues (CNS). The other QTL on chromosomes 6, 7, and 16 may be involved in the regulation of the gene expression through non-coding RNAs, CpG islands and transcription factor binding sites. On chromosome 6, a new candidate equine long non-coding RNA (KCNQ1OT1 ortholog: opposite antisense transcript 1 of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 gene) was predicted in silico and validated by RT-qPCR in primary cultures of equine myoblasts and fibroblasts. This lncRNA could be one element of the cardiac rhythm regulation. Our GWAS revealed that equine performance during endurance races is a complex polygenic trait, and is partially governed by at least 5 QTL: two coding genes involved in neuronal tissues and three other loci with many regulatory functions such as slowing down heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ricard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Département Recherche et InnovationExmes, France
| | - Céline Robert
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortMaisons Alfort, France
| | - Christine Blouin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fanny Baste
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gwendoline Torquet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Caroline Morgenthaler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nuria Mach
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Mata
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Schibler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Barrey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Département Sciences du Vivant, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie IntégrativeJouy-en-Josas, France
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Soave D, Sun L. A generalized Levene's scale test for variance heterogeneity in the presence of sample correlation and group uncertainty. Biometrics 2017; 73:960-971. [DOI: 10.1111/biom.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Soave
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3 Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
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38
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Oelsner KT, Guo Y, To SBC, Non AL, Barkin SL. Maternal BMI as a predictor of methylation of obesity-related genes in saliva samples from preschool-age Hispanic children at-risk for obesity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:57. [PMID: 28068899 PMCID: PMC5223358 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of epigenetic processes and mechanisms present a dynamic approach to assess complex individual variation in obesity susceptibility. However, few studies have examined epigenetic patterns in preschool-age children at-risk for obesity despite the relevance of this developmental stage to trajectories of weight gain. We hypothesized that salivary DNA methylation patterns of key obesogenic genes in Hispanic children would 1) correlate with maternal BMI and 2) allow for identification of pathways associated with children at-risk for obesity. RESULTS Genome-wide DNA methylation was conducted on 92 saliva samples collected from Hispanic preschool children using the Infinium Illumina HumanMethylation 450 K BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), which interrogates >484,000 CpG sites associated with ~24,000 genes. The analysis was limited to 936 genes that have been associated with obesity in a prior GWAS Study. Child DNA methylation at 17 CpG sites was found to be significantly associated with maternal BMI, with increased methylation at 12 CpG sites and decreased methylation at 5 CpG sites. Pathway analysis revealed methylation at these sites related to homocysteine and methionine degradation as well as cysteine biosynthesis and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, eight of the 17 CpG sites reside in genes (FSTL1, SORCS2, NRF1, DLC1, PPARGC1B, CHN2, NXPH1) that have prior known associations with obesity, diabetes, and the insulin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that saliva is a practical human tissue to obtain in community settings and in pediatric populations. These salivary findings indicate potential epigenetic differences in Hispanic preschool children at risk for pediatric obesity. Identifying early biomarkers and understanding pathways that are epigenetically regulated during this critical stage of child development may present an opportunity for prevention or early intervention for addressing childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial protocol is available at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01316653 ). Registered 3 March 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Tully Oelsner
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, Suite 601, MSC 617, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Ave, 571 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sophie Bao-Chieu To
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1210 BSB, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Shari L. Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children’s Way, Doctor’s Office Tower 8232, Nashville, TN 37232-9225 USA
- Pediatric Obesity Research, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children’s Way, Doctor’s Office Tower 8232, Nashville, TN 37232-9225 USA
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39
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Orchard TJ, Backlund JYC, Costacou T, Cleary P, Lopes-Virella M, Levy AP, Lachin JM. Haptoglobin 2-2 genotype and the risk of coronary artery disease in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (DCCT/EDIC). J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1577-1584. [PMID: 27539884 PMCID: PMC5050105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Haptoglobin(Hp) 2-2 genotype has been shown to increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in numerous type 2 diabetes studies but in only one type 1 diabetes cohort. We assessed the association of Hp2-2 with incident CAD over 26years of follow-up in 1303 Caucasian participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. METHODS DCCT randomized volunteers with type 1 diabetes to intensive versus conventional therapy within two cohorts: 'primary prevention' with 1-5years diabetes duration and 'secondary intervention' with 1-15years diabetes duration and early retinopathy, with or without albuminuria, but no advanced complications. CAD was defined as myocardial infarction (MI) or death judged to be from CAD, silent MI, angina, coronary revascularization, or congestive heart failure due to CAD. RESULTS In the entire DCCTcohort, Hp2-2 was not significantly associated with incident CAD or MI. However, in pre-specified exploratory subgroup analyses, an increased MI risk was suggested in the secondary cohort for those with Hp2-2. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The analysis does not statistically confirm an overall association between Hp 2-2 and incident CAD, however, some suggestions of associations were observed in secondary analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Orchard
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jye-Yu C Backlund
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Cleary
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - John M Lachin
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA.
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40
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Xu L, Craiu RV, Sun L, Paterson AD. Parameter Expanded Algorithms for Bayesian Latent Variable Modeling of Genetic Pleiotropy Data. J Comput Graph Stat 2016; 25:405-425. [PMID: 27752219 DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2014.988337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by genetic association studies of pleiotropy, we propose a Bayesian latent variable approach to jointly study multiple outcomes. The models studied here can incorporate both continuous and binary responses, and can account for serial and cluster correlations. We consider Bayesian estimation for the model parameters, and we develop a novel MCMC algorithm that builds upon hierarchical centering and parameter expansion techniques to efficiently sample from the posterior distribution. We evaluate the proposed method via extensive simulations and demonstrate its utility with an application to aa association study of various complication outcomes related to type 1 diabetes. This article has supplementary material online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Xu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto,
| | - Radu V Craiu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto,
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto,
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto,
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Schmidt V, Willnow TE. Protein sorting gone wrong – VPS10P domain receptors in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hrovat A, Kravos NA, Goričar K, Jensterle Sever M, Janež A, Dolžan V. SORCS1 polymorphism and insulin secretion in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:395-8. [PMID: 27052493 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of SORCS1 polymorphisms on insulin secretion in obese women with PCOS. Metabolic status was recorded in 50 clinically well characterized PCOS patients. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and laboratory parameters of insulin resistance measured. All patients were genotyped for SORCS1 rs1358030, rs1416406 and rs11192966 polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. SORCS1 rs1416406 significantly influenced stimulated glucose plasma levels (p = 0.006) and increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion (p = 0.034). None of the polymorphisms influenced insulin resistance as measured by homeostatic model assessment. We report for the first time the relevance of SORCS1 polymorphisms for glycemic control and glucose stimulated insulin secretion in obese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hrovat
- a Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Nika Aleksandra Kravos
- b Department of Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia and
| | - Katja Goričar
- a Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle Sever
- b Department of Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia and
| | - Andrej Janež
- b Department of Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia and
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- a Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Qiu YH, Deng FY, Tang ZX, Jiang ZH, Lei SF. Functional relevance for type 1 diabetes mellitus-associated genetic variants by using integrative analyses. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:753-8. [PMID: 26429317 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) is an autoimmune disease. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses have successfully identified numerous type 1 DM-associated susceptibility loci, the underlying mechanisms for these susceptibility loci are currently largely unclear. METHODS Based on publicly available datasets, we performed integrative analyses (i.e., integrated gene relationships among implicated loci, differential gene expression analysis, functional prediction and functional annotation clustering analysis) and combined with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) results to further explore function mechanisms underlying the associations between genetic variants and type 1 DM. RESULTS Among a total of 183 type 1 DM-associated SNPs, eQTL analysis showed that 17 SNPs with cis-regulated eQTL effects on 9 genes. All the 9 eQTL genes enrich in immune-related pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Functional prediction analysis identified 5 SNPs located in transcription factor (TF) binding sites. Of the 9 eQTL genes, 6 (TAP2, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB5 and CTSH) were differentially expressed in type 1 DM-associated related cells. Especially, rs3825932 in CTSH has integrative functional evidence supporting the association with type 1 DM. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that integrative analyses can yield important functional information to link genetic variants and type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Qiu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zai-Xiang Tang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen-Huan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Hermey G, Schmidt N, Bluhm B, Mensching D, Ostermann K, Rupp C, Kuhl D, Kins S. SorCS1 variants and amyloid precursor protein (APP) are co-transported in neurons but only SorCS1c modulates anterograde APP transport. J Neurochem 2015; 135:60-75. [PMID: 26119586 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is crucial for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because this processing is highly dependent on its intracellular itinerary, altered subcellular targeting of APP is thought to directly affect the degree to which Aβ is generated. The sorting receptor SorCS1 has been genetically linked to AD, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We analyze two SorCS1 variants; one, SorCS1c, conveys internalization of surface-bound ligands whereas the other, SorCS1b, does not. In agreement with previous studies, we demonstrate co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization of both SorCS1 variants with APP. Our results suggest that SorCS1c and APP are internalized independently, although they mostly share a common post-endocytic pathway. We introduce functional Venus-tagged constructs to study SorCS1b and SorCS1c in living cells. Both variants are transported by fast anterograde axonal transport machinery and about 30% of anterograde APP-positive transport vesicles contain SorCS1. Co-expression of SorCS1b caused no change of APP transport kinetics, but SorCS1c reduced the anterograde transport rate of APP and increased the number of APP-positive stationary vesicles. These data suggest that SorCS1 and APP share trafficking pathways and that SorCS1c can retain APP from insertion into anterograde transport vesicles. Altered APP trafficking is thought to modulate its processing. SorCS1 has been suggested to function in APP trafficking. We analyzed if the two SorCS1 variants, SorCS1b and SorCS1c, tie APP to the cell surface or modify its internalization and intracellular targeting. We observed co-localization and vesicular co-transport of APP and SorCS1, but independent internalization and sorting through a common post-endocytic pathway. Co-expression of one variant, SorCS1c, reduced anterograde APP transport. These data demonstrate that SorCS1 and APP share trafficking pathways and that SorCS1c can retain APP from insertion into anterograde transport vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mensching
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Ostermann
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carsten Rupp
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Abstract
Retrograde transport from the endosome to the Golgi is mediated by a 5 protein complex known as the retromer. These five proteins (Vps5, Vps17, Vps26, Vps29, and Vps35 in yeast and SNX1/2, SNX5/6, Vps26, Vps29, and Vps35 in mammalian cells) act as a coat for vesicles budding off of the endosome, as well as perform cargo sorting at the endosome. The retromer is well conserved between yeast and mammalian systems, though variations exist within the mammalian retromer. Functionally, the retromer has been linked to prominent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in human models as well as diabetes mellitus. However, the retromer also plays a role in the virulence of several microbial pathogens. Despite the current understanding of the retromer complex, there are still many questions to be answered in regards to its overall role in cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Trousdale
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States.
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46
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Ghanbari M, de Vries PS, de Looper H, Peters MJ, Schurmann C, Yaghootkar H, Dörr M, Frayling TM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, van Meurs JBJ, Erkeland SJ, Franco OH, Dehghan A. A genetic variant in the seed region of miR-4513 shows pleiotropic effects on lipid and glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and coronary artery disease. Hum Mutat 2015; 35:1524-31. [PMID: 25256095 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) play a crucial role in the regulation of diverse biological processes by post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression. Genetic polymorphisms in miRNA-related genes can potentially contribute to a wide range of phenotypes. The effect of such variants on cardiometabolic diseases has not yet been defined. We systematically investigated the association of genetic variants in the seed region of miRNAs with cardiometabolic phenotypes, using the thus far largest genome-wide association studies on 17 cardiometabolic traits/diseases. We found that rs2168518:G>A, a seed region variant of miR-4513, associates with fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and risk of coronary artery disease. We experimentally showed that miR-4513 expression is significantly reduced in the presence of the rs2168518 mutant allele. We sought to identify miR-4513 target genes that may mediate these associations and revealed five genes (PCSK1, BNC2, MTMR3, ANK3, and GOSR2) through which these effects might be taking place. Using luciferase reporter assays, we validated GOSR2 as a target of miR-4513 and further demonstrated that the miRNA-mediated regulation of this gene is changed by rs2168518. Our findings indicate a pleiotropic effect of miR-4513 on cardiometabolic phenotypes and may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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47
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Soave D, Corvol H, Panjwani N, Gong J, Li W, Boëlle PY, Durie PR, Paterson AD, Rommens JM, Strug LJ, Sun L. A Joint Location-Scale Test Improves Power to Detect Associated SNPs, Gene Sets, and Pathways. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:125-38. [PMID: 26140448 PMCID: PMC4572492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based, pathway, and other multivariate association methods are motivated by the possibility of GxG and GxE interactions; however, accounting for such interactions is limited by the challenges associated with adequate modeling information. Here we propose an easy-to-implement joint location-scale (JLS) association testing framework for single-variant and multivariate analysis that accounts for interactions without explicitly modeling them. We apply the JLS method to a gene-set analysis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, which is influenced by multiple environmental and genetic factors. We identify and replicate an association between the constituents of the apical plasma membrane and CF lung disease (p = 0.0099 and p = 0.0180, respectively) and highlight a role for the SLC9A3-SLC9A3R1/2-EZR complex in contributing to CF lung disease. Many association studies could benefit from re-analysis with the JLS method that leverages complex genetic architecture for SNP, gene, and pathway identification. Analytical verification, simulation, and additional proof-of-principle applications support our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soave
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Pulmonology Department; Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jiafen Gong
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Weili Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves Boëlle
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Biostatistics Department, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Peter R Durie
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Johanna M Rommens
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Lei Sun
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
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48
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Li Q, Wojciechowski R, Simpson CL, Hysi PG, Verhoeven VJM, Ikram MK, Höhn R, Vitart V, Hewitt AW, Oexle K, Mäkelä KM, MacGregor S, Pirastu M, Fan Q, Cheng CY, St Pourcain B, McMahon G, Kemp JP, Northstone K, Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Martin NG, Sanfilippo PG, Lu Y, Wang YX, Hayward C, Polašek O, Campbell H, Bencic G, Wright AF, Wedenoja J, Zeller T, Schillert A, Mirshahi A, Lackner K, Yip SP, Yap MKH, Ried JS, Gieger C, Murgia F, Wilson JF, Fleck B, Yazar S, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Rivadeneira F, Amin N, Karssen L, Oostra BA, Zhou X, Teo YY, Tai ES, Vithana E, Barathi V, Zheng Y, Siantar RG, Neelam K, Shin Y, Lam J, Yonova-Doing E, Venturini C, Hosseini SM, Wong HS, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Khor CC, Aung T, Young TL, Mitchell P, Klein B, van Duijn CM, Meitinger T, Jonas JB, Baird PN, Mackey DA, Wong TY, Saw SM, Pärssinen O, Stambolian D, Hammond CJ, Klaver CCW, Williams C, Paterson AD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Guggenheim JA. Genome-wide association study for refractive astigmatism reveals genetic co-determination with spherical equivalent refractive error: the CREAM consortium. Hum Genet 2015; 134:131-46. [PMID: 25367360 PMCID: PMC4291519 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants associated with refractive astigmatism in the general population, meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies were performed for: White Europeans aged at least 25 years (20 cohorts, N = 31,968); Asian subjects aged at least 25 years (7 cohorts, N = 9,295); White Europeans aged <25 years (4 cohorts, N = 5,640); and all independent individuals from the above three samples combined with a sample of Chinese subjects aged <25 years (N = 45,931). Participants were classified as cases with refractive astigmatism if the average cylinder power in their two eyes was at least 1.00 diopter and as controls otherwise. Genome-wide association analysis was carried out for each cohort separately using logistic regression. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed effects model. In the older European group the most strongly associated marker was downstream of the neurexin-1 (NRXN1) gene (rs1401327, P = 3.92E-8). No other region reached genome-wide significance, and association signals were lower for the younger European group and Asian group. In the meta-analysis of all cohorts, no marker reached genome-wide significance: The most strongly associated regions were, NRXN1 (rs1401327, P = 2.93E-07), TOX (rs7823467, P = 3.47E-07) and LINC00340 (rs12212674, P = 1.49E-06). For 34 markers identified in prior GWAS for spherical equivalent refractive error, the beta coefficients for genotype versus spherical equivalent, and genotype versus refractive astigmatism, were highly correlated (r = -0.59, P = 2.10E-04). This work revealed no consistent or strong genetic signals for refractive astigmatism; however, the TOX gene region previously identified in GWAS for spherical equivalent refractive error was the second most strongly associated region. Analysis of additional markers provided evidence supporting widespread genetic co-susceptibility for spherical and astigmatic refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Klinik Pallas, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Qiao Fan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beaté St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Phillippa M. Cumberland
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul G. Sanfilippo
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Goran Bencic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for general and interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Schillert
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Universität zu Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maurice K. H. Yap
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA UK
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Zhou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kumari Neelam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Youchan Shin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Lam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Mohsen Hosseini
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Hoi-Suen Wong
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20041 Turku, Finland
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Barbara Klein
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Epidemiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Room 409, Madison, WI 53726 USA
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Rm. 314 Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Dala Lanna School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - The CREAM Consortium
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Klinik Pallas, Olten, Switzerland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for general and interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Universität zu Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA UK
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20041 Turku, Finland
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Epidemiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Room 409, Madison, WI 53726 USA
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Rm. 314 Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Dala Lanna School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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The role of the retromer complex in aging-related neurodegeneration: a molecular and genomic review. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:413-27. [PMID: 25332075 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The retromer coat complex is a vital component of the intracellular trafficking mechanism sorting cargo from the endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or to the cell surface. In recent years, genes encoding components of the retromer coat complex and members of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 (Vps10) family of receptors, which play pleiotropic functions in protein trafficking and intracellular/intercellular signaling in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and are primary cargos of the retromer complex, have been implicated as genetic risk factors for sporadic and autosomal dominant forms of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In addition to their functions in protein trafficking, the members of the Vps10 receptor family (sortilin, SorL1, SorCS1, SorCS2, and SorCS3) modulate neurotrophic signaling pathways. Both sortilin and SorCS2 act as cell surface receptors to mediate acute responses to proneurotrophins. In addition, sortilin can modulate the intracellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by direct control of BDNF levels and regulating anterograde trafficking of Trk receptors to the synapse. This review article summarizes the emerging data from this rapidly growing field of intracellular trafficking signaling in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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Kebede MA, Attie AD. Insights into obesity and diabetes at the intersection of mouse and human genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:493-501. [PMID: 25034129 PMCID: PMC4177963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many of our insights into obesity and diabetes come from studies in mice carrying natural or induced mutations. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have identified numerous genes that are causally associated with obesity and diabetes, but discovering the underlying mechanisms required in-depth studies in mice. We discuss the advantages of studying natural variation in mice and summarize several examples where the combination of human and mouse genetics opened windows into fundamental physiological pathways. A noteworthy example is the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and its role in energy balance. The pathway was delineated by discovering the gene responsible for the Agouti mutation in mice. With more targeted phenotyping, we predict that additional pathways relevant to human pathophysiology will be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkam A Kebede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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