1
|
Li X, Yang J, Zhou X, Dai C, Kong M, Xie L, Liu C, Liu Y, Li D, Ma X, Dai Y, Sun Y, Jian Z, Guo X, Lin X, Li Y, Sun L, Liu X, Jin L, Tang H, Zheng Y, Hong S. Ketogenic diet-induced bile acids protect against obesity through reduced calorie absorption. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01072-1. [PMID: 38937659 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) has long been practiced for weight loss, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Gut microbiota and metabolites have been suggested to mediate the metabolic changes caused by KD consumption, although the particular gut microbes or metabolites involved are unclear. Here, we show that KD consumption enhances serum levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in mice to decrease body weight and fasting glucose levels. Mechanistically, KD feeding decreases the abundance of a bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-coding gut bacterium, Lactobacillus murinus ASF361. The reduction of L. murinus ASF361 or inhibition of BSH activity increases the circulating levels of TDCA and TUDCA, thereby reducing energy absorption by inhibiting intestinal carbonic anhydrase 1 expression, which leads to weight loss. TDCA and TUDCA treatments have been found to protect against obesity and its complications in multiple mouse models. Additionally, the associations among the abovementioned bile acids, microbial BSH and metabolic traits were consistently observed both in an observational study of healthy human participants (n = 416) and in a low-carbohydrate KD interventional study of participants who were either overweight or with obesity (n = 25). In summary, we uncover a unique host-gut microbiota metabolic interaction mechanism for KD consumption to decrease body weight and fasting glucose levels. Our findings support TDCA and TUDCA as two promising drug candidates for obesity and its complications in addition to a KD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Linshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Zhijie Jian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yixue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bortolasci CC, Kidnapillai S, Spolding B, Truong TTT, Connor T, Swinton C, Panizzutti B, Liu ZSJ, Sanigorski A, Dean OM, Crowley T, Richardson M, Bozaoglu K, Vlahos K, Cowdery S, Watmuff B, Steyn SF, Wolmarans DW, Engelbrecht BJ, Perry C, Drummond K, Pang T, Jamain S, Gray L, McGee SL, Harvey BH, Kim JH, Leboyer M, Berk M, Walder K. Use of a gene expression signature to identify trimetazidine for repurposing to treat bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:661-670. [PMID: 36890661 PMCID: PMC10946906 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to repurpose a drug for the treatment of bipolar depression. METHODS A gene expression signature representing the overall transcriptomic effects of a cocktail of drugs widely prescribed to treat bipolar disorder was generated using human neuronal-like (NT2-N) cells. A compound library of 960 approved, off-patent drugs were then screened to identify those drugs that affect transcription most similar to the effects of the bipolar depression drug cocktail. For mechanistic studies, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from a healthy subject and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells, which were then differentiated into co-cultured neurons and astrocytes. Efficacy studies were conducted in two animal models of depressive-like behaviours (Flinders Sensitive Line rats and social isolation with chronic restraint stress rats). RESULTS The screen identified trimetazidine as a potential drug for repurposing. Trimetazidine alters metabolic processes to increase ATP production, which is thought to be deficient in bipolar depression. We showed that trimetazidine increased mitochondrial respiration in cultured human neuronal-like cells. Transcriptomic analysis in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuron/astrocyte co-cultures suggested additional mechanisms of action via the focal adhesion and MAPK signalling pathways. In two different rodent models of depressive-like behaviours, trimetazidine exhibited antidepressant-like activity with reduced anhedonia and reduced immobility in the forced swim test. CONCLUSION Collectively our data support the repurposing of trimetazidine for the treatment of bipolar depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara C. Bortolasci
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Srisaiyini Kidnapillai
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Briana Spolding
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Trang T. T. Truong
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Timothy Connor
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Courtney Swinton
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Zoe S. J. Liu
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Andrew Sanigorski
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Tamsyn Crowley
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- Bioinformatics Core Research Facility (BCRF)Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Mark Richardson
- Bioinformatics Core Research Facility (BCRF)Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Kiymet Bozaoglu
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katerina Vlahos
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie Cowdery
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Brad Watmuff
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Stephan F. Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - De Wet Wolmarans
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Barend J. Engelbrecht
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Christina Perry
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Katherine Drummond
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Terence Pang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP‐HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPTFondation FondaMentalCréteilFrance
| | - Laura Gray
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Sean L. McGee
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Brian H. Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP‐HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPTFondation FondaMentalCréteilFrance
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACTThe Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen Q, He Q, Pan Y, Sun C. Detection, identification, characterization, and HPLC quantification of five impurities from a methazolamide product. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3128-3138. [PMID: 35691018 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methazolamide is an important carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is mainly used for the treatment of glaucoma. Studies are extremely rare regarding the impurities in methazolamide products. In this work, the HPLC/HPLC-MS methods were established for the analysis of impurities in methazolamide products. Five impurities (A, B, C, D and E) were detected using the established HPLC/HPLC-MS methods. Of these impurities, impurities A, B, and D are known compounds, and impurities C and E are novel compounds that have never been reported before. The identities of impurities A, B, D, and E were recognized by comparing their retention times and mass spectra with those of synthesized standard compounds under the same HPLC-MS conditions. Moreover, the structures of impurities C and E were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques including multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All of the five impurities are structural analogs of methazolamide. The formation mechanisms of these impurities were discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Hangzhou Qianyuan Pollen Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Quan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Li Y, Yuan X, Yuan W, Li C, Zeng Y, Lian Y, Qiu X, Qin Y, Zhang G, Liu X, Luo C, Luo JD, Hou N. Methazolamide Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Promoting β-Catenin Degradation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2022; 71:795-811. [PMID: 35043173 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Methazolamide (MTZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and exert a hypoglycemic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic db/db mice. However, whether MTZ has a cardioprotective effect in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy is not clear. We investigated the effects of MTZ in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Diabetic mice received MTZ by intragastric gavage (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg, daily for 16 weeks). In the diabetic group, MTZ significantly reduced both random and fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner. MTZ ameliorated T1DM-induced changes in cardiac morphology and dysfunction. Mechanistic analysis revealed that MTZ blunted T1DM-induced enhanced expression of β-catenin. Similar results were observed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and adult mouse cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose or Wnt3a (a β-catenin activator). There was no significant change in β-catenin mRNA levels in cardiac tissues or NRCMs. MTZ-mediated β-catenin downregulation was recovered by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses showed augmentation of AXIN1-β-catenin interaction by MTZ in T1DM hearts and in NRCMs treated with Wnt3a; thus, MTZ may potentiate AXIN1-β-catenin linkage to increase β-catenin degradation. Overall, MTZ may alleviate cardiac hypertrophy by mediating AXIN1-β-catenin interaction to promote degradation and inhibition of β-catenin activity. These findings may help inform novel therapeutic strategy to prevent heart failure in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Conglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Lian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Peng M, Chen P, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang Y, Peng J, Liu J, Li Y, Li W, Zhu W, Guan D, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li J, Fan D, Huang K, Lin F, Zhang Z, Guo Z, Luo H, He X, Zhu Y, Li L, Huang B, Cai W, Gu L, Lu Y, Deng K, Yan L, Chen S. Imatinib and methazolamide ameliorate COVID-19-induced metabolic complications via elevating ACE2 enzymatic activity and inhibiting viral entry. Cell Metab 2022; 34:424-440.e7. [PMID: 35150639 PMCID: PMC8832557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a systemic disease that may cause severe metabolic complications in multiple tissues including liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system. However, the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment remain elusive. Our study shows that impairment of ACE2 pathway is a key factor linking virus infection to its secondary metabolic sequelae. By using structure-based high-throughput virtual screening and connectivity map database, followed with experimental validations, we identify imatinib, methazolamide, and harpagoside as direct enzymatic activators of ACE2. Imatinib and methazolamide remarkably improve metabolic perturbations in vivo in an ACE2-dependent manner under the insulin-resistant state and SARS-CoV-2-infected state. Moreover, viral entry is directly inhibited by these three compounds due to allosteric inhibition of ACE2 binding to spike protein on SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our study shows that enzymatic activation of ACE2 via imatinib, methazolamide, or harpagoside may be a conceptually new strategy to treat metabolic sequelae of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Meixiu Peng
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Hongyin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jiuzhou Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Dongxiao Fan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Fen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zeling Guo
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hengli Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xi He
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Bingding Huang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Lei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Yutong Lu
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohanty S, Rashid MHA, Mohanty C, Swayamsiddha S. Modern computational intelligence based drug repurposing for diabetes epidemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102180. [PMID: 34186343 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Objectives are to explore recent advances in discovery of new antidiabetic agents using repurposing strategies and to discuss modern technologies used for drug repurposing highlighting diabetic specific web portal. METHODS Recent literature were studied and analyzed from various sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases. RESULTS Drugs like Niclosamideethanolamine, Methazolamide, Diacerein, Berberine, Clobetasol, etc. with possibility of repurposing to curb diabetes can be potential late-stage clinical candidates, providing access to information on pharmacology, formulation, and probable toxicity if any. CONCLUSIONS With collaboration of artificial intelligence (AI) with pharmacology, the efficiency of drug repurposing can improve significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Mohanty
- School of Applied Science, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Chandana Mohanty
- School of Applied Science, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Swati Swayamsiddha
- School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan L, Wang M, Liu T, Lei Y, Miao Q, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang G, Hou Y, Chang X. Carbonic Anhydrase 1-Mediated Calcification Is Associated With Atherosclerosis, and Methazolamide Alleviates Its Pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:766. [PMID: 31354482 PMCID: PMC6635697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an important pathogenic process in atherosclerosis (AS); however, its immediate cause is unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) stimulates ossification and calcification in ankylosing spondylitis and breast cancer. The current study investigated whether CA1 plays an important role in AS calcification and whether the CA inhibitor methazolamide (MTZ) has a therapeutic effect on AS. We successfully established an AS model by administration of a high-fat diet to apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) mice. The treated animals had significantly increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), interleukin (IL-6), interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). The treated mice also had reduced AS plaque areas and fat accumulation, with no clear calcium deposition in the intima of the blood vessels. CA1 expression was significantly increased in the aortic lesions, particularly in calcified regions, but the expression was dramatically lower in the mice that received MTZ treatment or MTZ preventive treatment. CA1 was also highly expressed in human AS tissues and in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with β-glycerophosphate (㒐β-GP)-induced calcification. Acetazolamide (AZ), a CA inhibitor with a chemical structure similar to MTZ, markedly suppressed calcification and reduced CA1, IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α expression in cultured VSMCs. Anti-CA1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) significantly suppressed calcification, cell proliferation, and migration, promoted apoptosis, and reduced IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α secretion in cultured VSMCs. These results demonstrated that CA1 expression and CA1-mediated calcification are significantly associated with AS progression. MTZ significantly alleviated AS and suppressed CA1 expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, indicating the potential use of this drug for AS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinsheng Lei
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Li
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Medical Research Center of the Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Cardiology Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of the Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Latek D, Rutkowska E, Niewieczerzal S, Cielecka-Piontek J. Drug-induced diabetes type 2: In silico study involving class B GPCRs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208892. [PMID: 30650080 PMCID: PMC6334951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of glucose homeostasis leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the severe side effects that may occur during a prolonged use of many drugs currently available on the market. In this manuscript we describe the most common cases of drug-induced T2DM, discuss available pharmacotherapies and propose new ones. Among various pharmacotherapies of T2DM, incretin therapies have recently focused attention due to the newly determined crystal structure of incretin hormone receptor GLP1R. Incretin hormone receptors: GLP1R and GIPR together with the glucagon receptor GCGR regulate food intake and insulin and glucose secretion. Our study showed that incretin hormone receptors, named also gut hormone receptors as they are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, could potentially act as unintended targets (off-targets) for orally administrated drugs. Such off-target interactions, depending on their effect on the receptor (stimulation or inhibition), could be beneficial, like in the case of incretin mimetics, or unwanted if they cause, e.g., decreased insulin secretion. In this in silico study we examined which well-known pharmaceuticals could potentially interact with gut hormone receptors in the off-target way. We observed that drugs with the strongest binding affinity for gut hormone receptors were also reported in the medical information resources as the least disturbing the glucose homeostasis among all drugs in their class. We suggested that those strongly binding molecules could potentially stimulate GIPR and GLP1R and/or inhibit GCGR which could lead to increased insulin secretion and decreased hepatic glucose production. Such positive effect on the glucose homeostasis could compensate for other, adverse effects of pharmacotherapy which lead to drug-induced T2DM. In addition, we also described several top hits as potential substitutes of peptidic incretin mimetics which were discovered in the drug repositioning screen using gut hormone receptors structures against the ZINC15 compounds subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
N-acyl Taurines and Acylcarnitines Cause an Imbalance in Insulin Synthesis and Secretion Provoking β Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1334-1347.e4. [PMID: 28591636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes contributing to β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are uncertain, largely because it is difficult to access β cells in their intact immediate environment. We examined the pathophysiology of β cells under T2D progression directly in pancreatic tissues. We used MALDI imaging of Langerhans islets (LHIs) within mouse tissues or from human tissues to generate in situ-omics data, which we supported with in vitro experiments. Molecular interaction networks provided information on functional pathways and molecules. We found that stearoylcarnitine accumulated in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency via excessive β-oxidation and depletion of TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites. Acetylcarnitine and an accumulation of N-acyl taurines, a group not previously detected in β cells, provoked insulin secretion. Thus, β cell dysfunction results from enhanced insulin secretion combined with an arrest of insulin synthesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasabe T, Maeda S, Kishida K, Yamano M, Miwa Y, Sugiyama T. The Metabolism of Methazolamide in Immortalized Human Keratinocytes, HaCaT Cells. Drug Metab Lett 2017; 10:295-305. [PMID: 28137210 PMCID: PMC5403967 DOI: 10.2174/1872312811666170127160931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug therapy is occasionally accompanied by an idiosyncratic severe toxicity, which occurs very rarely, but can lead to patient mortality. Methazolamide, an anti-glaucomatous agent, could cause severe skin eruptions called Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolyis (SJS/TEN). Its precise etiology is still uncertain. In this study, the metabolism of methazolamide was investigated in immortalized human keratinocytes to reveal the possible mechanism which causes SJS/TEN. METHODS The metabolism of methazolamide was studied using immortalized human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. HPLC was used to isolate a metabolite from the culture medium. Mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) was employed for its characterization. Three typical chemical inducers were assessed for the inducibility of cytochrome P450, and methimazole was used as the inhibitor of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). RESULTS A sulfonic acid, N-[3-methyl-5-sulfo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide (MSO) was identified as the final metabolite. Dexamethasone and β-naphthoflavone behaved as an inducer of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism, but isoniazid did not. The effect of methimazole was not consistent. We did not detect any glucuronide nor any mercapturic acid (N-acetylcysteine conjugate). CONCLUSION N-[3-methyl-5-sulfo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide (MSO) is not considered to be a direct product of an enzymatic reaction, but rather an auto-oxidation product of N-[3-methyl-5- sulfe-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide, a chemically unstable sulfenic acid, which is produced by cytochrome P450 from the β-lyase product of cysteine conjugate of methazolamide. MSO is considered to be susceptible to glutathione and to return to glutathione conjugate of methazolamide, forming a futile cycle. A hypothetical scenario is presented as to the onset of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sasabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino-shi Osaka 583-8588. Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871. Japan
| | - Kenichi Kishida
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555. Japan
| | - Mariko Yamano
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555. Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871. Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543. Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sithara S, Crowley TM, Walder K, Aston-Mourney K. Gene expression signature: a powerful approach for drug discovery in diabetes. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R131-R139. [PMID: 27927696 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate around the world. Much effort has gone into the discovery and design of antidiabetic drugs; however, those already available are unable to combat the underlying causes of the disease and instead only moderate the symptoms. The reason for this is that T2D is a complex disease, and attempts to target one biological pathway are insufficient to combat the full extent of the disease. Additionally, the underlying pathophysiology of this disease is yet to be fully elucidated making it difficult to design drugs that target the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the approach of designing new drugs aimed at a specific molecular target is not optimal and a more expansive, unbiased approach is required. In this review, we will look at the current state of diabetes treatments and how these target the disease symptoms but are unable to combat the underlying causes. We will also review how the technique of gene expression signatures (GESs) has been used successfully for other complex diseases and how this may be applied as a powerful tool for the discovery of new drugs for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smithamol Sithara
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- School of MedicineMMR, Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Franko A, Neschen S, Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Aichler M, Feuchtinger A, Brachthäuser L, Neff F, Kovarova M, Wolf E, Fuchs H, Häring HU, Peter A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Bezafibrate ameliorates diabetes via reduced steatosis and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in diabetic TallyHo mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:256-266. [PMID: 28271032 PMCID: PMC5323884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have shown that Bezafibrate (BEZ), the pan-PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) activator, ameliorated diabetes in insulin deficient streptozotocin treated diabetic mice. In order to study whether BEZ can also improve glucose metabolism in a mouse model for fatty liver and type 2 diabetes, the drug was applied to TallyHo mice. METHODS TallyHo mice were divided into an early (ED) and late (LD) diabetes progression group and both groups were treated with 0.5% BEZ (BEZ group) or standard diet (SD group) for 8 weeks. We analyzed plasma parameters, pancreatic beta-cell morphology, and mass as well as glucose metabolism of the BEZ-treated and control mice. Furthermore, liver fat content and composition as well as hepatic gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial mass were determined. RESULTS Plasma lipid and glucose levels were markedly reduced upon BEZ treatment, which was accompanied by elevated insulin sensitivity index as well as glucose tolerance, respectively. BEZ increased islet area in the pancreas. Furthermore, BEZ treatment improved energy expenditure and metabolic flexibility. In the liver, BEZ ameliorated steatosis, modified lipid composition and increased mitochondrial mass, which was accompanied by reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that BEZ ameliorates diabetes probably via reduced steatosis, enhanced hepatic mitochondrial mass, improved metabolic flexibility and elevated hepatic insulin sensitivity in TallyHo mice, suggesting that BEZ treatment could be beneficial for patients with NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Key Words
- BEZ, Bezafibrate
- BG, blood glucose
- Bezafibrate
- ED, early onset of diabetes
- EM, electron microscopy
- FA, fatty acid
- Glucose metabolism
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- LD, late onset of diabetes
- Lipid metabolism
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- RER, respiratory exchange ratios
- SD, standard diet
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TG, triglyceride
- qNMR, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Brachthäuser
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turner N, Zeng XY, Osborne B, Rogers S, Ye JM. Repurposing Drugs to Target the Diabetes Epidemic. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:379-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Teppema LJ, Swenson ER. The noncarbonic anhydrase inhibiting acetazolamide analog N-methylacetazolamide reduces the hypercapnic, but not hypoxic, ventilatory response. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12484. [PMID: 26290531 PMCID: PMC4562570 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors acetazolamide (AZ) and methazolamide (MZ) have inhibiting actions on breathing. Classically these have been attributed to CA inhibition, but other effects unrelated to CA inhibition have been identified in other tissues. To explore this possibility in the control of ventilation by the central nervous system, we investigated whether an AZ-analog without CA inhibiting properties, by virtue of a single methylation on the sulfonamide moiety, N-methylacetazolamide (NMA), would still display similar actions to acetazolamide and methazolamide. NMA (20 mg kg−1) was given intravenously to anesthetized cats and we measured the responses to steady-state isocapnic hypoxia and stepwise changes in end-tidal pco2 before and after infusion of this AZ analog using the technique of end-tidal forcing. NMA caused a large decrease in the apneic threshold and CO2 sensitivity very similar to those previously observed with AZ and MZ, suggesting that these effects are mediated independently of CA inhibition. In contrast to acetazolamide, but similar to methazolamide, NMA did not affect the steady-state isocapnic hypoxic response. In conclusion, our data reveal complex effects of sulfonamides with very similar structure to AZ that reveal both CA-dependent and CA-independent effects, which need to be considered when using AZ as a probe for the role of CA in the control of ventilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Teppema
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Impaired translocation of GLUT4 results in insulin resistance of atrophic soleus muscle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:291987. [PMID: 25713812 PMCID: PMC4332754 DOI: 10.1155/2015/291987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Whether or not the atrophic skeletal muscle induces insulin resistance and its mechanisms are not resolved now. The antigravity soleus muscle showed a progressive atrophy in 1-week, 2-week, and 4-week tail-suspended rats. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp showed that the steady-state glucose infusion rate was lower in 4-week tail-suspended rats than that in the control rats. The glucose uptake rates under insulin- or contraction-stimulation were significantly decreased in 4-week unloaded soleus muscle. The key protein expressions of IRS-1, PI3K, and Akt on the insulin-dependent pathway and of AMPK, ERK, and p38 on the insulin-independent pathway were unchanged in unloaded soleus muscle. The unchanged phosphorylation of Akt and p38 suggested that the activity of two signal pathways was not altered in unloaded soleus muscle. The AS160 and GLUT4 expression on the common downstream pathway also was not changed in unloaded soleus muscle. But the GLUT4 translocation to sarcolemma was inhibited during insulin stimulation in unloaded soleus muscle. The above results suggest that hindlimb unloading in tail-suspended rat induces atrophy in antigravity soleus muscle. The impaired GLUT4 translocation to sarcolemma under insulin stimulation may mediate insulin resistance in unloaded soleus muscle and further affect the insulin sensitivity of whole body in tail-suspended rats.
Collapse
|
16
|
Neschen S, Scheerer M, Seelig A, Huypens P, Schultheiss J, Wu M, Wurst W, Rathkolb B, Suhre K, Wolf E, Beckers J, Hrabé de Angelis M. Metformin supports the antidiabetic effect of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor by suppressing endogenous glucose production in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:284-90. [PMID: 25071027 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Combined use of metformin and a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) is a promising treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism by which combination treatment provides better glycemic control than metformin or SGLT2I monotherapy remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the physiological mechanism by which both compounds lower blood glucose concentrations in diabetic mice. We compared the potential of metformin and the SGLT2I AVE2268 alone or in combination to mitigate hyperglycemia and modulate glucose fluxes in db/db and diabetic Tallyho/JngJ mice. SGLT2I treatment alone elicited a rapid decline in circulating blood glucose levels, which appeared to induce endogenous glucose production. Supplementation of metformin dampened this counterresponse, and therefore, combination therapy more efficiently maintained glycemic control. Finally, combination treatment blunted postprandial glucose excursions and improved HbA1c levels within 2 weeks. We conclude that coapplication of metformin enhances the glucose-lowering actions of SGLT2I by restraining endogenous glucose production, which may provide long-term improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glucose/biosynthesis
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Obesity/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Anett Seelig
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schultheiss
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City-Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kowalski GM, Bruce CR. The regulation of glucose metabolism: implications and considerations for the assessment of glucose homeostasis in rodents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E859-71. [PMID: 25205823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing at alarming rates. In the quest to understand the underlying causes of and to identify novel therapeutic targets to treat T2D, scientists have become increasingly reliant on the use of rodent models. Here, we provide a discussion on the regulation of rodent glucose metabolism, highlighting key differences and similarities that exist between rodents and humans. In addition, some of the issues and considerations associated with assessing glucose homeostasis and insulin action are outlined. We also discuss the role of the liver vs. skeletal muscle in regulating whole body glucose metabolism in rodents, emphasizing the importance of defective hepatic glucose metabolism in the development of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Kowalski
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baker DJ, Atkinson AM, Wilkinson GP, Coope GJ, Charles AD, Leighton B. Characterization of the heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse as a translational disease model for glucose control in type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1629-41. [PMID: 24772483 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The global heterozygous glucokinase (GK) knockout (gk(wt/del)) male mouse, fed on a high-fat (60% by energy) diet, has provided a robust and reproducible model of hyperglycaemia. This model could be highly relevant to some facets of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the ability of standard therapeutic agents to lower blood glucose at translational doses, and to explore the glucose-lowering potential of novel glucokinase activators (GKAs) in this model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured the ability of insulin, metformin, glipizide, exendin-4 and sitagliptin, after acute or repeat dose administration, to lower free-feeding glucose levels in gk(wt/del) mice. Further, we measured the ability of novel GKAs, GKA23, GKA71 and AZD6370 to control glucose either alone or in combination with some standard agents. KEY RESULTS A single dose of insulin (1 unit·kg(-1)), metformin (150, 300 mg·kg(-1)), glipizide (0.1, 0.3 mg·kg(-1)), exendin-4 (2, 20 μg·kg(-1)) and GKAs reduced free-feeding glucose levels. Sitagliptin (10 mg·kg(-1)), metformin (300 mg·kg(-1)) and AZD6370 (30, 400 mg·kg(-1)) reduced glucose excursions on repeat dosing. At a supra-therapeutic dose (400 mg·kg(-1)), AZD6370 also lowered basal levels of glucose without inducing hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Standard glucose-lowering therapeutic agents demonstrated significant acute glucose lowering in male gk(wt/del) mice at doses corresponding to therapeutic free drug levels in man, suggesting the potential of these mice as a translatable model of human T2D. Novel GKAs also lowered glucose in this mouse model.
Collapse
|
19
|
Simpson RW, Nicholson GC, Proietto J, Sarah A, Sanders KM, Phillips G, Chambers J, MacGinley R, Orford N, Walder K, Krippner G, Skoff K, Wacher VJ. Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:3121-3. [PMID: 25125506 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of methazolamide as a potential therapy for type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 76 patients to oral methazolamide (40 mg b.i.d.) or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point for methazolamide treatment was a placebo-corrected reduction in HbA1c from baseline after 24 weeks (ΔHbA1c). RESULTS Mean ± SD baseline HbA1c was 7.1 ± 0.7% (54 ± 5 mmol/mol; n = 37) and 7.4 ± 0.6% (57 ± 5 mmol/mol; n = 39) in the methazolamide and placebo groups, respectively. Methazolamide treatment was associated with a ΔHbA1c of -0.39% (95% CI -0.82, 0.04; P < 0.05) (-4.3 mmol/mol [-9.0, 0.4]), an increase in the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) from 8 to 33%, a rapid reduction in alanine aminotransferase (∼10 units/L), and weight loss (2%) in metformin-cotreated patients. CONCLUSIONS Methazolamide is the archetype for a new intervention in type 2 diabetes with clinical benefits beyond glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey C Nicholson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Geelong Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alana Sarah
- Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerrie M Sanders
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Geelong Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jo Chambers
- Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Neil Orford
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Barwon Health/Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Verva Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathy Skoff
- Verva Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have an impressive safety record despite the multiple functions that CA isozymes serve because they are not fully inhibited with most dosing. While reducing the targeted CA-dependent process sufficiently for disease control, residual activity and uncatalyzed rates in combination with compensations are adequate to avoid lethal consequences. Some drugs have in vitro selectivity differences against the 13 active isozymes, but none are convincingly selective in vivo or clinically. Efforts to synthesize selective inhibitors should result in safer drugs with fewer side effects. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on approved drugs with CA-inhibiting activity, whether used directly for this purpose or others. Side effects are discussed in relation to various organ systems and the disease being treated. Causes of side effects are considered, and strategies for symptom reduction are given. EXPERT OPINION Common side effects of paresthesias, dyspepsia, lassitude and fatigue in 30 - 40% of patients are generally tolerable or abate, but if not can be partially relieved by bicarbonate supplementation. The most important safety concerns are severe acidosis, respiratory failure and encephalopathy in patients with renal, pulmonary and hepatic disease where caution is critical, as is also the case in persons with sulfa drug allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Swenson
- University of Washington - Medical Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System , 1660 S Columbian Way, S-111-PLUM, Seattle, WA 98108 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anthony J, Kelkar A, Wilankar C, Ranjith V, Bhumra SK, Mutt S, Deka N, Sivaramakrishnan H, Sharma S, Marita AR. Discovery of p1736, a novel antidiabetic compound that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77946. [PMID: 24194903 PMCID: PMC3806773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Currently used thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizers although effective, have adverse side effects of weight gain, fluid retention and heart failure. Using fat cell-based phenotypic drug discovery approach we identified P1736, a novel antidiabetic molecule that has completed Phase II clinical trials. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of P1736. P1736 is a non-TZD and it did not activate human PPAR(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma )receptors. P1736 caused dose dependent increase in glucose uptake (EC50-400nM) in the insulin resistant 3T3 adipocytes. The compound (10µM) induced translocation of GLUT-4 (Glucose Transporter type 4) transporters in these adipocytes while metformin (1.0mM) was inactive. In diabetic db/db mice, P1736 (150mg/kg) was more efficacious than metformin in lowering plasma glucose (35% vs 25%) and triglyceride levels (38% vs 31%). P1736 tested at 5mg/kg, twice daily doses, reduced glucose by 41% and triglycerides by 32%, in db/db mice. These effects were not associated with adverse effects on body weight or liver function. Rosiglitazone (5mg/kg, twice daily) caused 60% and 40 % decreases in glucose and triglyceride levels, respectively. However, rosiglitazone induced 13% weight gain (p<0.05) in db/db mice. P1736 was also efficacious in ob/ob mice wherein 30-35% decrease in glucose and significant improvement in hyperinsulinemia were observed. Administration of P1736 to ob/ob mice resulted in 70% increase in glucose uptake in soleus muscles while metformin caused 38% increase. P1736 exhibited excellent safety profile and was weight neutral in all preclinical models of diabetes. Thus, P1736 with its unique pharmacology coupled with PPAR- independent mode of action could represent an alternative option in the management of insulin resistant Type 2 diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Aditya Kelkar
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandan Wilankar
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sujit Kaur Bhumra
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Shivaprakash Mutt
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Nabajyoti Deka
- Department of Chemistry, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Somesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemistry, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Adaikalasamy Rosalind Marita
- Department of Pharmacology, NCE Division, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai, India
- Haffkine Institute for Training, Research & Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pinkosky SL, Filippov S, Srivastava RAK, Hanselman JC, Bradshaw CD, Hurley TR, Cramer CT, Spahr MA, Brant AF, Houghton JL, Baker C, Naples M, Adeli K, Newton RS. AMP-activated protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase are two distinct molecular targets for ETC-1002, a novel small molecule regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:134-51. [PMID: 23118444 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ETC-1002 (8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid) is a novel investigational drug being developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and glucose-lowering properties of ETC-1002, characterized in preclinical disease models, are believed to be due to dual inhibition of sterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) mediating these activities remained undefined. Studies described here show that ETC-1002 free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. Furthermore, ETC-1002 is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase. These distinct molecular mechanisms are complementary in their beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these mechanisms, ETC-1002 treatment reduced circulating proatherogenic lipoproteins, hepatic lipids, and body weight in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia, and it reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. ETC-1002 offers promise as a novel therapeutic approach to improve multiple risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and benefit patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|