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Lietzke AC, Bealer E, Crumley K, King J, Stendahl AM, Zhu J, Pearson GL, Levi-D'Ancona E, Henry-Kanarek B, Reck EC, Arnipalli M, Sidarala V, Walker EM, Pennathur S, Madsen JGS, Shea LD, Soleimanpour SA. Limitations in mitochondrial programming restrain the differentiation and maturation of human stem cell-derived β cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605318. [PMID: 39211191 PMCID: PMC11361182 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (SC)-derived islets offer hope as a renewable source for β cell replacement for type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet functional and metabolic immaturity may limit their long-term therapeutic potential. Here, we show that limitations in mitochondrial transcriptional programming impede the formation and maturation of SC-derived β (SC-β) cells. Utilizing transcriptomic profiling, assessments of chromatin accessibility, mitochondrial phenotyping, and lipidomics analyses, we observed that SC-β cells exhibit reduced oxidative and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism compared to primary human islets that are related to limitations in key mitochondrial transcriptional networks. Surprisingly, we found that reductions in glucose- stimulated mitochondrial respiration in SC-islets were not associated with alterations in mitochondrial mass, structure, or genome integrity. In contrast, SC-islets show limited expression of targets of PPARIZ and PPARγ, which regulate mitochondrial programming, yet whose functions in β cell differentiation are unknown. Importantly, treatment with WY14643, a potent PPARIZ agonist, induced expression of mitochondrial targets, improved insulin secretion, and increased the formation and maturation of SC-β cells both in vitro and following transplantation. Thus, mitochondrial programming promotes the differentiation and maturation of SC-β cells and may be a promising target to improve β cell replacement efforts for T1D.
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2
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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3
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Peng J, Pan J, Chen L, Cui J, Yi B. High levels of serum C-peptide are associated with a decreased risk for incident renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:11/2/e003201. [PMID: 36958752 PMCID: PMC10040069 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-peptide has been reported to provide renoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between C-peptide and progression of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical data from 854 T2DM patients over a median follow-up of 5 years. Renal events included an annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a rapid kidney function decline and a renal composite endpoint. A linear mixed-effects model and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of C-peptide on renal events, and a subgroup analysis was performed after stratification by risk factors. RESULTS The highest-level C-peptide group had a smaller annual eGFR decline compared with those in the group with the lowest level (p<0.05). Higher levels of 2 h postprandial C-peptide (2hPCP) (adjusted HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.92), difference between 2 h postprandial and fasting C-peptide (ΔCP) (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.69), and 2 h postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR) (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.82) were independently related to a decreased risk for the renal composite endpoint. 2hPCP <2.92 ng/mL, ΔCP <1.86 ng/mL, and PCGR <1.11 significantly increased the risk of progression in kidney function (adjusted HRs <0.50, p<0.05) among T2DM patients with male sex, an age of <65 years old, a disease course of <10 years, an glycosylated hemoglobin value of ≥7%, or a history of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of 2hPCP, ΔCP and PCGR could protect T2DM patients from renal progression, especially in the aforementioned population with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinting Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mukai E, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Glucose Metabolism Disorder in Diabetic Pancreatic β-Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091228. [PMID: 36139067 PMCID: PMC9496160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells plays a central role in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin secretory defects in β-cells are characterized by a selective impairment of glucose stimulation, and a reduction in glucose-induced ATP production, which is essential for insulin secretion. High glucose metabolism for insulin secretion generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. In addition, the expression of antioxidant enzymes is very low in β-cells. Therefore, β-cells are easily exposed to oxidative stress. In islet studies using a nonobese T2DM animal model that exhibits selective impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS), quenching ROS generated by glucose stimulation and accumulated under glucose toxicity can improve impaired GSIS. Acute ROS generation and toxicity cause glucose metabolism disorders through different molecular mechanisms. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of antioxidant defense and a potential therapeutic target in oxidative stress-related diseases, suggesting the possible involvement of Nrf2 in β-cell dysfunction caused by ROS. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of insulin secretory defects induced by oxidative stress in diabetic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Mukai
- Medical Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 5258577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 7838505, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
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5
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Balboa D, Barsby T, Lithovius V, Saarimäki-Vire J, Omar-Hmeadi M, Dyachok O, Montaser H, Lund PE, Yang M, Ibrahim H, Näätänen A, Chandra V, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Kvist J, Ustinov J, Nieminen AI, Kuuluvainen E, Hietakangas V, Katajisto P, Lau J, Carlsson PO, Barg S, Tengholm A, Otonkoski T. Functional, metabolic and transcriptional maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1042-1055. [PMID: 35241836 PMCID: PMC9287162 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islet cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells is a promising treatment for diabetes. Despite progress in the generation of stem-cell-derived islets (SC-islets), no detailed characterization of their functional properties has been conducted. Here, we generated functionally mature SC-islets using an optimized protocol and benchmarked them comprehensively against primary adult islets. Biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion developed during in vitro maturation, associated with cytoarchitectural reorganization and the increasing presence of alpha cells. Electrophysiology, signaling and exocytosis of SC-islets were similar to those of adult islets. Glucose-responsive insulin secretion was achieved despite differences in glycolytic and mitochondrial glucose metabolism. Single-cell transcriptomics of SC-islets in vitro and throughout 6 months of engraftment in mice revealed a continuous maturation trajectory culminating in a transcriptional landscape closely resembling that of primary islets. Our thorough evaluation of SC-islet maturation highlights their advanced degree of functionality and supports their use in further efforts to understand and combat diabetes. Pancreatic islets derived from stem cells are benchmarked against primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Balboa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tom Barsby
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Oleg Dyachok
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hossam Montaser
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Eric Lund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Näätänen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Ustinov
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Barg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sanchez PKM, Khazaei M, Gatineau E, Geravandi S, Lupse B, Liu H, Dringen R, Wojtusciszyn A, Gilon P, Maedler K, Ardestani A. LDHA is enriched in human islet alpha cells and upregulated in type 2 diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:158-166. [PMID: 34217973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase isoform A (LDHA) is a key metabolic enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Whereas LDHA is highly expressed in many tissues, its expression is turned off in the differentiated adult β-cell within the pancreatic islets. The repression of LDHA under normal physiological condition and its inappropriate upregulation under a diabetogenic environment is well-documented in rodent islets/β-cells but little is known about LDHA expression in human islet cells and whether its abundance is altered under diabetic conditions. Analysis of public single-cell RNA-seq (sc-RNA seq) data as well as cell type-specific immunolabeling of human pancreatic islets showed that LDHA was mainly localized in human α-cells while it is expressed at a very low level in β-cells. Furthermore, LDHA, both at mRNA and protein, as well as lactate production is upregulated in human pancreatic islets exposed to chronic high glucose treatment. Microscopic analysis of stressed human islets and autopsy pancreases from individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) showed LDHA upregulation mainly in human α-cells. Pharmacological inhibition of LDHA in isolated human islets enhanced insulin secretion under physiological conditions but did not significantly correct the deregulated secretion of insulin or glucagon under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Khazaei
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eva Gatineau
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition (EDIN), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition (EDIN), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Nogueira CW, Barbosa NV, Rocha JBT. Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-1226. [PMID: 33792762 PMCID: PMC8012418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João B T Rocha
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica E Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
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8
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Benáková Š, Holendová B, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells: From Development to Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040526. [PMID: 33801681 PMCID: PMC8065646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox status is a key determinant in the fate of β-cell. These cells are not primarily detoxifying and thus do not possess extensive antioxidant defense machinery. However, they show a wide range of redox regulating proteins, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins or thioredoxin reductases, etc., being functionally compartmentalized within the cells. They keep fragile redox homeostasis and serve as messengers and amplifiers of redox signaling. β-cells require proper redox signaling already in cell ontogenesis during the development of mature β-cells from their progenitors. We bring details about redox-regulated signaling pathways and transcription factors being essential for proper differentiation and maturation of functional β-cells and their proliferation and insulin expression/maturation. We briefly highlight the targets of redox signaling in the insulin secretory pathway and focus more on possible targets of extracellular redox signaling through secreted thioredoxin1 and thioredoxin reductase1. Tuned redox homeostasis can switch upon chronic pathological insults towards the dysfunction of β-cells and to glucose intolerance. These are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to chronic nutritional overload being nowadays a pandemic feature of lifestyle. Overcharged β-cell metabolism causes pressure on proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum, mainly due to increased demand on insulin synthesis, which establishes unfolded protein response and insulin misfolding along with excessive hydrogen peroxide production. This together with redox dysbalance in cytoplasm and mitochondria due to enhanced nutritional pressure impact β-cell redox homeostasis and establish prooxidative metabolism. This can further affect β-cell communication in pancreatic islets through gap junctions. In parallel, peripheral tissues losing insulin sensitivity and overall impairment of glucose tolerance and gut microbiota establish local proinflammatory signaling and later systemic metainflammation, i.e., low chronic inflammation prooxidative properties, which target β-cells leading to their dedifferentiation, dysfunction and eventually cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpánka Benáková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
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9
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Hallakou-Bozec S, Kergoat M, Fouqueray P, Bolze S, Moller DE. Imeglimin amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin release from diabetic islets via a distinct mechanism of action. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241651. [PMID: 33606677 PMCID: PMC7894908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction is characterized by defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and is a predominant component of the pathophysiology of diabetes. Imeglimin, a novel first-in-class small molecule tetrahydrotriazine drug candidate, improves glycemia and GSIS in preclinical models and clinical trials in patients with Type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism by which it restores β-cell function is unknown. Here, we show that imeglimin acutely and directly amplifies GSIS in islets isolated from rodents with Type 2 diabetes via a mode of action that is distinct from other known therapeutic approaches. The underlying mechanism involves increases in the cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) pool-potentially via the salvage pathway and induction of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) along with augmentation of glucose-induced ATP levels. Further, additional results suggest that NAD+ conversion to a second messenger, cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), via ADP ribosyl cyclase/cADPR hydrolase (CD38) is required for imeglimin's effects in islets, thus representing a potential link between increased NAD+ and enhanced glucose-induced Ca2+ mobilization which-in turn-is known to drive insulin granule exocytosis. Collectively, these findings implicate a novel mode of action for imeglimin that explains its ability to effectively restore-β-cell function and provides for a new approach to treat patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes.
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10
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Vezza T, Abad-Jiménez Z, Marti-Cabrera M, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090848. [PMID: 32927712 PMCID: PMC7554719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. Moreover, microbiota metabolites seem to interfere with mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress and autophagosome formation, thus regulating the activation of the inflammasome and the production of inflammatory cytokines, key players in chronic metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the association between intestinal microbiota and mitochondrial function and examines the mechanisms that may be the key to their use as potential therapeutic strategies in obesity and T2D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | | | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
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11
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Fujimoto S. Novel mechanism of impaired metabolism-secretion coupling in β-cells: Loss of cytosolic adenosine triphosphate by leakage. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1401-1404. [PMID: 31168903 PMCID: PMC6825920 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhang et al. recently proposed a new mechanism of metabolism‐secretion coupling impairment in diabetic β‐cells involving the loss of cytosolic adenosine triphosphate by leakage through plasma membrane. Hyperglycemia increases mistargeting expression of the adenosine triphosphate‐conducting mitochondrial outer membrane voltage‐dependent anion channel‐1 on the plasma membrane leading to adenosine triphosphate depletion. The interaction between reactive oxygen species overproduction and voltage‐dependent anion channel‐1 induction is an interesting issue to be resolved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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12
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Tu W, Wang H, Li S, Liu Q, Sha H. The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis 2019; 10:637-651. [PMID: 31165007 PMCID: PMC6538222 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and cells, with hence posing a potential adverse impact on the whole organism. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway, which regulates the transcription of many several antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The redox-sensitive signaling system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress, inflammatory, carcinogenic, and pro-apoptotic conditions, which allows us to consider it as a pharmacological target. Herein, we review and discuss the recent advancements in the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, and its role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, e.g. such as in exercise, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, liver and kidney system, etc. and such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes of Stroke, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Li
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sha
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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13
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He J, Zhang X, Lian C, Wu J, Fang Y, Ye X. KEAP1/NRF2 axis regulates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. Gene 2018; 691:8-17. [PMID: 30594636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In human pancreatic β-cells, oxidative stress and cellular injures can be induced by H2O2 treatment. The KEAP1/NRF2 axis is a key antioxidant signaling pathway. The present study attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which the KEAP1/NRF2 axis mediates oxidative stress-induced death in pancreatic β-cells. Our data showed that H2O2 treatment obviously induced the apoptosis of β-cells. Further experiments demonstrated that KEAP1 expression was downregulated in H2O2-treated pancreatic β-cells and this change correlated with increase in the cellular abundance and nuclear translocation of NRF2. The restoration of KEAP1 expression in cells resulted in a recovery of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that KEAP1 overexpression negatively regulated the abundance of NRF2, subsequently causing decreased antioxidant response element activation. This led to HO-1 protein downregulation in H2O2-treated human pancreatic β-cells, which was also observed in NRF2-silenced β-cells. Conversely, the silencing of KEAP1 led to NRF2 upregulation and inhibited ARE and HO-1 signaling in pancreatic β-cells. The increase in the abundance of NRF2 following treatment with H2O2 drastically elevated the production of BAX, FAS, FAS-L, CASP-3, and CASP-9, and this change was reversed by KEAP1 overexpression or NRF2 silencing. Taken together, H2O2 treatment activated KEAP1/NRF2 signaling to promote the production of pro-apoptotic factors and consequently led to the apoptosis of human pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaowei Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China.
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14
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Bensellam M, Jonas JC, Laybutt DR. Mechanisms of β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes: recent findings and future research directions. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R109-R143. [PMID: 29203573 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the coordinated and tightly controlled activation/repression of specific effectors and gene clusters in a time-dependent fashion thereby giving rise to particular morphological and functional cellular features. Interestingly, cellular differentiation is not a unidirectional process. Indeed, growing evidence suggests that under certain conditions, mature β-cells can lose, to various degrees, their differentiated phenotype and cellular identity and regress to a less differentiated or a precursor-like state. This concept is termed dedifferentiation and has been proposed, besides cell death, as a contributing factor to the loss of functional β-cell mass in diabetes. β-cell dedifferentiation involves: (1) the downregulation of β-cell-enriched genes, including key transcription factors, insulin, glucose metabolism genes, protein processing and secretory pathway genes; (2) the concomitant upregulation of genes suppressed or expressed at very low levels in normal β-cells, the β-cell forbidden genes; and (3) the likely upregulation of progenitor cell genes. These alterations lead to phenotypic reconfiguration of β-cells and ultimately defective insulin secretion. While the major role of glucotoxicity in β-cell dedifferentiation is well established, the precise mechanisms involved are still under investigation. This review highlights the identified molecular mechanisms implicated in β-cell dedifferentiation including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation and hypoxia. It discusses the role of Foxo1, Myc and inhibitor of differentiation proteins and underscores the emerging role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it proposes a novel hypothesis of β-cell dedifferentiation as a potential adaptive mechanism to escape cell death under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Sabatini PV, Speckmann T, Nian C, Glavas MM, Wong CK, Yoon JS, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Gibson WT, Verchere CB, Lynn FC. Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 Suppression of Oxygen Sensing Optimizes Metabolism during Excitation of Neuroendocrine Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 22:163-174. [PMID: 29298418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depolarization of neuroendocrine cells results in calcium influx, which induces vesicle exocytosis and alters gene expression. These processes, along with the restoration of resting membrane potential, are energy intensive. We hypothesized that cellular mechanisms exist to maximize energy production during excitation. Here, we demonstrate that NPAS4, an immediate early basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS transcription factor, acts to maximize energy production by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). As such, knockout of Npas4 from insulin-producing β cells results in reduced OXPHOS, loss of insulin secretion, β cell dedifferentiation, and type 2 diabetes. NPAS4 plays a similar role in the nutrient-sensing cells of the hypothalamus. Its knockout here results in increased food intake, reduced locomotor activity, and elevated peripheral glucose production. In conclusion, NPAS4 is critical for the coordination of metabolism during the stimulation of electrically excitable cells; its loss leads to the defects in cellular metabolism that underlie the cellular dysfunction that occurs in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cuilan Nian
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria M Glavas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chi Kin Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ji Soo Yoon
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Department of Surgery and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Hou J, Li Z, Zhong W, Hao Q, Lei L, Wang L, Zhao D, Xu P, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xu T. Temporal Transcriptomic and Proteomic Landscapes of Deteriorating Pancreatic Islets in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Diabetes 2017; 66:2188-2200. [PMID: 28559245 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progressive reduction in β-cell mass and function comprise the core of the pathogenesis mechanism of type 2 diabetes. The process of deteriorating pancreatic islets, in which a complex network of molecular events is involved, is not yet fully characterized. We used RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics technology to measure the temporal mRNA and protein expression changes of pancreatic islets in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats from 4 to 24 weeks of age. Our omics data set outlines the dynamics of the molecular network during the deterioration of GK islets as two stages: The early stage (4-6 weeks) is characterized by anaerobic glycolysis, inflammation priming, and compensation for insulin synthesis, and the late stage (8-24 weeks) is characterized by inflammation amplification and compensation failure. Further time course analysis allowed us to reveal 5,551 differentially expressed genes, a large portion of which have not been reported before. Our comprehensive and temporal transcriptome and proteome data offer a valuable resource for the diabetes research community and for quantitative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Serebrovska TV, Portnychenko AG, Drevytska TI, Portnichenko VI, Xi L, Egorov E, Gavalko AV, Naskalova S, Chizhova V, Shatylo VB. Intermittent hypoxia training in prediabetes patients: Beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, hypoxia tolerance and gene expression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1542-1552. [PMID: 28758418 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217723578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at examining beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) under prediabetic conditions. We investigate the effects of three-week IHT on blood glucose level, tolerance to acute hypoxia, and leukocyte mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes, i.e. insulin receptor, facilitated glucose transporter-solute carrier family-2, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J. Seven healthy and 11 prediabetic men and women (44-70 years of age) were examined before, next day and one month after three-week IHT (3 sessions per week, each session consisting 4 cycles of 5-min 12% O2 and 5-min room air breathing). We found that IHT afforded beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes reducing fasting glucose and during standard oral glucose tolerance test. The most pronounced positive effects were observed at one month after IHT termination. IHT also significantly increased the tolerance to acute hypoxia (i.e. SaO2 level at 20th min of breathing with 12% O2) and improved functional parameters of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. IHT stimulated HIF-1α mRNA expression in blood leukocytes in healthy and prediabetic subjects, but in prediabetes patients the maximum increase was lagged. The greatest changes in mRNA expression of HIF-1α target genes occurred a month after IHT and coincided with the largest decrease in blood glucose levels. The higher expression of HIF-1α was positively associated with higher tolerance to hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our results suggest that IHT may be useful for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Impact statement The present study investigated the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) in humans under prediabetic conditions. We found that three-week moderate IHT induced higher HIF-1α mRNA expressions as well as its target genes, which were positively correlated with higher tolerance to acute hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis in both middle-aged healthy and prediabetic subjects. This small clinical trial has provided new data suggesting a potential utility of IHT for management of prediabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla G Portnychenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana I Drevytska
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Portnichenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Lei Xi
- 3 Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,4 School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Egor Egorov
- 5 CELLGYM Technologies GmbH, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Anna V Gavalko
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Valeriy B Shatylo
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
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18
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Hou KL, Lin SK, Chao LH, Hsiang-Hua Lai E, Chang CC, Shun CT, Lu WY, Wang JH, Hsiao M, Hong CY, Kok SH. Sirtuin 6 suppresses hypoxia-induced inflammatory response in human osteoblasts via inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and glycolysis-A therapeutic implication in inflammatory bone resorption. Biofactors 2017; 43:170-180. [PMID: 27534902 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated glycolytic activity and redox imbalance induced by tissue hypoxia are common phenomena of chronic inflammation, including inflammatory bone diseases such as arthritis. However, relation between glycolysis and redox signaling in the inflammatory milieu is unclear. The histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a crucial modulator of inflammation and glucose metabolism, and it is also involved in cellular protection against oxidative injury. The aims of the study were to examine the connection between glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human osteoblastic cells (HOB) and whether SIRT6 modulates inflammatory response via regulation of glycolytic activity and ROS generation. In HOB cultured under hypoxia, expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), lactate production and ROS generation were examined. The reciprocal effects between lactate and ROS production and their impact on inflammatory cytokine induction were assessed. The action of SIRT6 on the above reactions was determined. In a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the relation between inflammatory activity and osteoblastic expression of LDHA, level of oxidative lesions, Cyr61 synthesis and macrophage recruitment were examined in joints with or without lentiviral-SIRT6 gene therapy. Results showed that hypoxia stress enhanced lactate and LDHA production in HOB. ROS generation was also increased, and there was a positive feedback between glycolysis and ROS formation. Overexpression of SIRT6 attenuated hypoxia-enhanced glycolysis and ROS generation. Hypoxia-induced expressions of Cyr61, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were suppressed by SIRT6 and the inhibitory effects overlapped with antiglycolytic and antioxidation mechanisms. In the model of CIA, forced expression of SIRT6 ameliorated disease progression, osteoblastic synthesis of Cyr61, and macrophage recruitment. More importantly, expression of LDHA and oxidative lesions were decreased in osteoblasts of SIRT6-treated joints. Our findings suggest that SIRT6 suppresses inflammatory response in osteoblasts via modulation of glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis. SIRT6-based strategy may possess therapeutic potential for inflammatory bone resorption. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):170-180, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsiu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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David JA, Rifkin WJ, Rabbani PS, Ceradini DJ. The Nrf2/Keap1/ARE Pathway and Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:4826724. [PMID: 28913364 PMCID: PMC5585663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4826724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in awareness and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM), this disease remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and prevalence continues to rise. Oxidative damage caused by free radicals has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of TIIDM and its complications. Only recently, however, has the role of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE master antioxidant pathway in diabetic dysfunction begun to be elucidated. There is accumulating evidence that this pathway is implicated in diabetic damage to the pancreas, heart, and skin, among other cell types and tissues. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown promising results suggesting that activation of this pathway can delay or reverse some of these impairments in TIIDM. In this review, we outline the role of oxidative damage and the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway in TIIDM, focusing on current and future efforts to utilize this relationship as a therapeutic target for prevention, prognosis, and treatment of TIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. David
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William J. Rifkin
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Piul S. Rabbani
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel J. Ceradini
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
- *Daniel J. Ceradini:
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20
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Cheng T, Lu X, Yu K, Zhou Y, Hong J, Chen Y. Hypoxia enhances tenocyte differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in a co-culture system. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:173-84. [PMID: 27021233 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue engineering is a promising approach for repair of tendon injuries. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have gained increasing research interest for their potential in improving healing and regeneration of injured tendons. The present study aimed to investigate effects of O2 tension and potential signalling pathways on AMDSC differentiation into tenocytes, in an indirect co-culture system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human ADMSCs were co-cultured under normoxia (20% O2 ) and also under hypoxia (2% O2 ). Tenocyte differentiation of AMDSCs and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) were analysed by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, HIF-1α inhibitor and inducer (FG-4592) effects on differentiation of AMDSCs were studied using qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. RESULTS Indirect co-culture with tenocytes increased differentiation of ADMSCs into tenocytes; furthermore, hypoxia further enhanced tenocyte differentiation of AMDSCs, accompanied by increased expression of HIF-1α. HIF-1α inhibitor attenuated effects of hypoxia on differentiation of ADMSCs; in contrast, FG-4592 increased differentiation of ADMSCs under both hypoxia and normoxia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we found that growing ADMSCs under hypoxia, or activating expression of HIF-1α to be important in differentiation of ADMSCs, which provides a foundation for application of ADMSCs in vivo for tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiaolang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Kehe Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jianjun Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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21
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Shaghaghi H, Kadlecek S, Siddiqui S, Pourfathi M, Hamedani H, Clapp J, Profka H, Rizi R. Ascorbic acid prolongs the viability and stability of isolated perfused lungs: A mechanistic study using 31P and hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:62-71. [PMID: 26165188 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has recently shown promise as a means of more accurately gauging the health of lung grafts and improving graft performance post-transplant. However, reperfusion of ischemic lung promotes the depletion of high-energy compounds and a progressive loss of normal mitochondrial function, and it remains unclear how and to what extent the EVLP approach contributes to this metabolic decline. Although ascorbate has been used to mitigate the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the nature of its effects during EVLP are also not clear. To address these uncertainties, this study monitored the energy status of lungs during EVLP and after the administration of ascorbate using (31)P and hyperpolarized (13)C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Our experiments demonstrated that the oxidative phosphorylation capacity and pyruvate dehydrogenase flux of lungs decline during ex vivo perfusion. The addition of ascorbate to the perfusate prolonged lung viability by 80% and increased the hyperpolarized (13)C bicarbonate signal by a factor of 2.7. The effect of ascorbate is apparently due not to its antioxidant quality but rather to its ability to energize cellular respiration given that it increased the lung's energy charge significantly, whereas other antioxidants (glutathione and α-lipoic acid) did not alter energy metabolism. During ascorbate administration, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I with rotenone depressed energy charge and shifted the metabolic state of the lung toward glycolysis; reenergizing the electron transport chain with TMPD (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) recovered metabolic activity. This indicates that ascorbate slows the decline of the ex vivo perfused lung's mitochondrial activity through an independent interaction with the electron transport chain complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoora Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harrilla Profka
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Alexander M, Krishnan R, Buder B, Lamb M, Laugenour K, Chapman D, Foster CE, Lakey JRT. Impact of hypothermic preservation on tissue yield and viability in pig pancreata. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1975-7. [PMID: 25131086 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic shortage of quality human cadaveric pancreata limits islet transplantation. Porcine islet xenotransplantation is being explored to increase the donor pool. For clinical-ready islets, centralized animal husbandry, Current Good Manufacturing Practice-regulated processing facilities, and organ transportation support are required. Amount of cold ischemia time (CIT) before isolation significantly affects transplantation. The goal of this study was to determine the maximum safe CIT of whole pancreata before islet isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreata were rapidly removed from Yorkshire pigs (age, 14-22 days) and stored in modified University of Wisconsin solution or in EuroCollins solution at 4(°)C. Pancreata were processed with <1 hour CIT (control) or stored for 4 or 12 hours before isolation. Islet yield and percent purity and viability were determined after 7 days of in vitro tissue culture and maturation. Samples from nonprocessed pancreata were collected and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hours of preservation, then analyzed for adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio as a measure of tissue energetics. RESULTS Up to 12 hours in cold storage had no significant impact on overall islet yield after 7 days of in vitro culture compared with controls; islet yield at the end of the maturation process was 28,700 ± 500 islet equivalents per pancreas (mean ± SEM control yield, 30,300 ± 900 islet equivalents per pancreas); islet purity was 75 ± 5% compared with 74 ± 5% in controls. Islet viability was significantly reduced at 12 hours compared with controls (80 ± 6% vs 96 ± 5%; P < .05). The tissue adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio was maintained within the first 6 hours (1.6 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.2; P = NS) but was markedly increased during the 24-hour study (3.3 ± 0.1 at 24 hours), indicating a progressive loss of adenosine triphosphate tissue stores. CONCLUSIONS Young pig pancreata can be hypothermically stored for up to 12 hours without affecting islet yield and purity; however, islet viability is reduced. These data highlight the need for uniform shipping parameters to standardize islet quality, ideally with CIT <6 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - R Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - B Buder
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - M Lamb
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - K Laugenour
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - D Chapman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - C E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - J R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
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23
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Sato H, Nagashima K, Ogura M, Sato Y, Tahara Y, Ogura K, Yamano G, Sugizaki K, Fujita N, Tatsuoka H, Usui R, Mukai E, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N. Src regulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism by influencing subcellular localization of glucokinase in pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:171-8. [PMID: 27042268 PMCID: PMC4773676 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Src, a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates a wide range of cellular functions, and hyperactivity of Src is involved in impaired glucose metabolism in pancreatic β‐cells. However, the physiological role of Src in glucose metabolism in normal, unstressed β‐cells remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Src in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Materials and Methods Src was downregulated using small interfering ribonucleic acid in INS‐1 cells, and glucose‐induced insulin secretion, adenosine triphosphate content, intracellular calcium concentration, glucose utilization and glucokinase activity were measured. Expression levels of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein of glucokinase were examined by semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Cells were fractionated by digitonin treatment, and subcellular localization of glucokinase was examined by immunoblotting. Interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was estimated by immunoprecipitation. Results In Src downregulated INS‐1 cells, glucose‐induced insulin secretion was impaired, whereas insulin secretion induced by high K+ was not affected. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate content and elevation of intracellular calcium concentration by glucose stimulation were suppressed by Src downregulation. Src downregulation reduced glucose utilization in the presence of high glucose, which was accompanied by a reduction in glucokinase activity without affecting its expression. However, Src downregulation reduced glucokinase in soluble, cytoplasmic fraction, and increased it in pellet containing intaracellular organelles. In addition, interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was facilitated by Src downregulation. Conclusions Src plays an important role in glucose‐induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β‐cells through maintaining subcellular localization and activity of glucokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahito Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yumiko Tahara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kasane Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Gen Yamano
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazu Sugizaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hisato Tatsuoka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryota Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Eri Mukai
- Department of Medical Physiology Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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24
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Uruno A, Yagishita Y, Yamamoto M. The Keap1–Nrf2 system and diabetes mellitus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 566:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Yosten GLC, Maric-Bilkan C, Luppi P, Wahren J. Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E955-68. [PMID: 25249503 PMCID: PMC4254984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Connecting Peptide, or C-peptide, is a product of the insulin prohormone, and is released with and in amounts equimolar to those of insulin. While it was once thought that C-peptide was biologically inert and had little biological significance beyond its role in the proper folding of insulin, it is now known that C-peptide binds specifically to the cell membranes of a variety of tissues and initiates specific intracellular signaling cascades that are pertussis toxin sensitive. Although it is now clear that C-peptide is a biologically active molecule, controversy still remains as to the physiological significance of the peptide. Interestingly, C-peptide appears to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose in some tissues, including the kidney, the peripheral nerves, and the vasculature. C-peptide is thus a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated long-term complications. This review addresses the possible physiologically relevant roles of C-peptide in both normal and disease states and discusses the effects of the peptide on sensory nerve, renal, and vascular function. Furthermore, we highlight the intracellular effects of the peptide and present novel strategies for the determination of the C-peptide receptor(s). Finally, a hypothesis is offered concerning the relationship between C-peptide and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Christine Maric-Bilkan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Wahren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Cebix Inc., Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
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26
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Luppi P, Drain P. Autocrine C-peptide mechanism underlying INS1 beta cell adaptation to oxidative stress. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:599-609. [PMID: 24459093 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by inducing beta cell secretory dysfunction and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that C-peptide, produced by beta cells and co-secreted with insulin in the circulation of healthy individuals, decreases ROS and prevents apoptosis in dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an autocrine activity of C-peptide similarly decreases ROS when INS1 beta cells are exposed to stressful conditions of diabetes. METHODS Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were induced in INS1 beta cells pretreated with C-peptide by either 22 mM glucose or 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). To test C-peptide's autocrine activity, endogenous C-peptide secretion was inhibited by the KATP channel opener diazoxide and H2 O2 -induced ROS assayed after addition of either exogenous C-peptide or the secretagogue glibenclamide. In similar experiments, extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the membrane otherwise hyperpolarized by diazoxide, was used to induce endogenous C-peptide secretion. ROS was measured using the cell-permeant dye chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2 -DCFDA). Insulin secretion and apoptosis were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS C-peptide significantly decreased high glucose-induced and H2 O2 -induced ROS and prevented apoptosis of INS1 beta cells. Diazoxide significantly increased H2 O2 -induced ROS, which was reversed by exogenous C-peptide or glibenclamide or potassium chloride. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an autocrine C-peptide mechanism in which C-peptide is bioactive on INS1 beta cells exposed to stressful conditions and might function as a natural antioxidant to limit beta cell dysfunction and loss contributing to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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27
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Oliveira PF, Martins AD, Moreira AC, Cheng CY, Alves MG. The Warburg effect revisited--lesson from the Sertoli cell. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:126-51. [PMID: 25043918 DOI: 10.1002/med.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancerous cells prefer fermentative instead of oxidative metabolism of glucose, although the former is in theory less efficient. Since Warburg's pioneering works, special attention has been given to this difference in cell metabolism. The Warburg effect has been implicated in cell transformation, immortalization, and proliferation during tumorigenesis. Cancer cells display enhanced glycolytic activity, which is correlated with high proliferation, and thus, glycolysis appears to be an excellent candidate to target cancer cells. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to noncancerous cells that exhibit a "Warburg-like" metabolism with slight, but perhaps crucial, alterations that may provide new directions to develop new and effective anticancer therapies. Within the testis, the somatic Sertoli cell (SC) presents several common metabolic features analogous to cancer cells, and a clear "Warburg-like" metabolism. Nevertheless, SCs actively proliferate only during a specific time period, ceasing to divide in most species after puberty, when they become terminally differentiated. The special metabolic features of SC, as well as progression from the immature but proliferative state, to the mature nonproliferative state, where a high glycolytic activity is maintained, make these cells unique and a good model to discuss new perspectives on the Warburg effect. Herein we provide new insight on how the somatic SC may be a source of new and exciting information concerning the Warburg effect and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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28
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UCP2 transports C4 metabolites out of mitochondria, regulating glucose and glutamine oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:960-5. [PMID: 24395786 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as insulin secretion, stem cell differentiation, cancer, and aging. However, its biochemical and physiological function is still under debate. Here we show that UCP2 is a metabolite transporter that regulates substrate oxidation in mitochondria. To shed light on its biochemical role, we first studied the effects of its silencing on the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine. Compared with wild-type, UCP2-silenced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, grown in the presence of glucose, showed a higher inner mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP:ADP ratio associated with a lower lactate release. Opposite results were obtained in the presence of glutamine instead of glucose. UCP2 reconstituted in lipid vesicles catalyzed the exchange of malate, oxaloacetate, and aspartate for phosphate plus a proton from opposite sides of the membrane. The higher levels of citric acid cycle intermediates found in the mitochondria of siUCP2-HepG2 cells compared with those found in wild-type cells in addition to the transport data indicate that, by exporting C4 compounds out of mitochondria, UCP2 limits the oxidation of acetyl-CoA-producing substrates such as glucose and enhances glutaminolysis, preventing the mitochondrial accumulation of C4 metabolites derived from glutamine. Our work reveals a unique regulatory mechanism in cell bioenergetics and provokes a substantial reconsideration of the physiological and pathological functions ascribed to UCP2 based on its purported uncoupling properties.
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29
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Cantley J, Biden TJ. Sweet and sour β-cells: ROS and Hif1α induce Warburg-like lactate production during type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:1823-5. [PMID: 23704526 PMCID: PMC3661644 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Cantley
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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