1
|
Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050882. [PMID: 35269504 PMCID: PMC8909878 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases continues to rise, despite efforts to improve global health. The adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ since its multitude of secretions, lipids chief among them, regulate systemic functions. The loss of normal adipose tissue phenotypic flexibility, especially related to lipid homeostasis, appears to trigger cardiometabolic pathogenesis. The goal of this manuscript is to review lipid balance maintenance by the lean adipose tissue’s propensity for phenotype switching, obese adipose tissue’s narrower range of phenotype flexibility, and what initial factors account for the waning lipid regulatory capacity. Metabolic, hypoxic, and inflammatory factors contribute to the adipose tissue phenotype being made rigid. A better grasp of normal adipose tissue function provides the necessary context for recognizing the extent of obese adipose tissue dysfunction and gaining insight into how pathogenesis evolves.
Collapse
|
2
|
Onal HY, Bayram B, Yuksel A. Factors associated with the weight change trend in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Turkey. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:S53-S69. [PMID: 34909133 PMCID: PMC8636394 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.s1.s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To determine the weight change trend among the adult Turkish population after 1 yr of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and factors associated with weight change. MATERIALS/METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 February and 6 March 2021 using an online questionnaire that included questions for sociodemographic variables, eating habits, stress level, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Those who weighed themselves 1-2 weeks before the pandemic was declared in Turkey and remembered their weight were invited to participate in the study. Trends in weight and body mass index (BMI) change were calculated. The variables associated with a 1% change in BMI were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS The study was conducted with 1,630 adults (70.25% female) with a mean age of 32.09 (11.62) yrs. The trend of weight change was found to increase by an average of 1.15 ± 6.10 kg (female +0.72 ± 5.51, male +2.16 ± 7.22 kg) for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of participants with a normal BMI (18.50-24.99 kg/m2) decreased to 51.91% from 55.75%. Consuming an "Increased amount of food compared to before the pandemic" was found to be the independent variable that had the strongest association with a 1% increase in BMI (β = 0.23 P < 0.001). The average change in the BMI was higher in older individuals than in those who were younger. A high stress level was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -0.04 P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the factors associated with weight change after 1 yr of the pandemic in the Turkish population was reported for the first time. A high stress level and increased weight gain trend still occur in Turkey after 1 yr of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Yilmaz Onal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Istanbul Atlas, Istanbul 34408, Turkey
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yuksel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wiewiora M, Mertas A, Gluck M, Nowowiejska-Wiewiora A, Czuba Z, Piecuch J. Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2021; 30:3417-3425. [PMID: 32307670 PMCID: PMC7378109 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to clarify the effects of weight loss on biomarkers associated with angiogenesis in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in the 12-month follow-up study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 24 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic weight loss surgery, 13 of whom underwent SG and 11 of whom underwent LAGB. We evaluated the circulating level of angiogenesis biomarkers preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Before surgery, the following angiogenic circulating factors were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects: angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) (p < .05), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (p < .05), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (p < .01), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) (p < .01), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p < .05). The following angiogenesis biomarkers decreased significantly after weight loss compared with their baseline values: ANG-2 (p < .05), follistatin (p < .05), HGF (p < .01), PECAM-1 (p < .01), and VEGF (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the circulating levels of angiogenesis biomarkers between individuals who underwent SG and those who underwent LAGB; however, HGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF tended to be lower after SG. %BMI correlated negatively with HGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF. A similar significant negative correlation was found for %WL and %EWL. WHR correlated with PDGF-B and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that weight loss surgery induces the changes of circulating levels of angiogenesis biomarkers in obese patients. The changes in angiogenesis status in obese patients who lost weight after bariatric surgery depended on the amount of weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wiewiora
- Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Gluck
- Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowowiejska-Wiewiora
- Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian Centre for Heart Disease, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Piecuch
- Department of General and Bariatric Surgery and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance, which collectively contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases and resultant morbidity and mortality. Forty-two percent of adults in the United States are obese, and a total of 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight or obese. These alarming numbers, which continue to climb, represent a major health and economic burden. Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic organ that can be classified based on the cellular composition of different depots and their distinct anatomical localization. Massive expansion and remodeling of adipose tissue during obesity differentially affects specific adipose tissue depots and significantly contributes to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation results in increased immune cell infiltration and secretion of vasoconstrictor mediators, whereas expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue is less harmful. Therefore, fat distribution more than overall body weight is a key determinant of the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissue, in contrast to white adipose tissue, is associated with beneficial effects on the vasculature. The relationship between the type of adipose tissue and its influence on vascular function becomes particularly evident in the context of the heterogenous phenotype of perivascular adipose tissue that is strongly location dependent. In this review, we address the abnormal remodeling of specific adipose tissue depots during obesity and how this critically contributes to the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular stiffness. We also discuss the local and systemic roles of adipose tissue derived secreted factors and increased systemic inflammation during obesity and highlight their detrimental impact on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York (M.K., P.C.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York (M.K., P.C.)
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Department of Medicine (J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang Y, Kaszuba T, Imoukhuede PI. Systems Biology Will Direct Vascular-Targeted Therapy for Obesity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:831. [PMID: 32760294 PMCID: PMC7373796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue expansion and metabolism during weight gain require coordinated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These vascular growth processes rely on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Several studies have shown that controlling vascular growth by regulating VEGF:VEGFR signaling can be beneficial for treating obesity; however, dysregulated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are associated with several chronic tissue inflammation symptoms, including hypoxia, immune cell accumulation, and fibrosis, leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders. An ideal obesity treatment should minimize adipose tissue expansion and the advent of adverse metabolic consequences, which could be achieved by normalizing VEGF:VEGFR signaling. Toward this goal, a systematic investigation of the interdependency of vascular and metabolic systems in obesity and tools to predict personalized treatment ranges are necessary to improve patient outcomes through vascular-targeted therapies. Systems biology can identify the critical VEGF:VEGFR signaling mechanisms that can be targeted to regress adipose tissue expansion and can predict the metabolic consequences of different vascular-targeted approaches. Establishing a predictive, biologically faithful platform requires appropriate computational models and quantitative tissue-specific data. Here, we discuss the involvement of VEGF:VEGFR signaling in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, adipogenesis, and macrophage specification – key mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue expansion and metabolism. We then provide useful computational approaches for simulating these mechanisms, and detail quantitative techniques for acquiring tissue-specific parameters. Systems biology, through computational models and quantitative data, will enable an accurate representation of obese adipose tissue that can be used to direct the development of vascular-targeted therapies for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Fang
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tomasz Kaszuba
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - P I Imoukhuede
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caputo T, Tran VDT, Bararpour N, Winkler C, Aguileta G, Trang KB, Giordano Attianese GMP, Wilson A, Thomas A, Pagni M, Guex N, Desvergne B, Gilardi F. Anti-adipogenic signals at the onset of obesity-related inflammation in white adipose tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:227-247. [PMID: 32157317 PMCID: PMC7867564 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation that affects primarily metabolic organs, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), is considered as a major cause of human obesity-associated co-morbidities. However, the molecular mechanisms initiating this inflammation in WAT are poorly understood. By combining transcriptomics, ChIP-seq and modeling approaches, we studied the global early and late responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) in visceral (vWAT) and subcutaneous (scWAT) AT, the first being more prone to obesity-induced inflammation. HFD rapidly triggers proliferation of adipocyte precursors within vWAT. However, concomitant antiadipogenic signals limit vWAT hyperplastic expansion by interfering with the differentiation of proliferating adipocyte precursors. Conversely, in scWAT, residing beige adipocytes lose their oxidizing properties and allow storage of excessive fatty acids. This phase is followed by tissue hyperplastic growth and increased angiogenic signals, which further enable scWAT expansion without generating inflammation. Our data indicate that scWAT and vWAT differential ability to modulate adipocyte number and differentiation in response to obesogenic stimuli has a crucial impact on the different susceptibility to obesity-related inflammation of these adipose tissue depots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Caputo
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Van Du T Tran
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nasim Bararpour
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Aguileta
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Khanh Bao Trang
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang Y, Liu P, Jiao W, Meng J, Feng J. Gax suppresses chemerin/CMKLR1‐induced preadipocyte biofunctions through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:572-586. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Jiang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wenlin Jiao
- College of PharmacyShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jinbo Feng
- Central LaboratoryThe Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Expression, purification and characterization of a vascular endothelial growth factor fusion protein. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1115-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|