1
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Hoch D, Majali-Martinez A, Bandres-Meriz J, Bachbauer M, Pöchlauer C, Kaudela T, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Glasner A, Hauguel-De Mouzon S, Gauster M, Tokic S, Desoye G. Obesity-associated non-oxidative genotoxic stress alters trophoblast turnover in human first-trimester placentas. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae027. [PMID: 39092995 PMCID: PMC11347397 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental growth is most rapid during the first trimester (FT) of pregnancy, making it vulnerable to metabolic and endocrine influences. Obesity, with its inflammatory and oxidative stress, can cause cellular damage. We hypothesized that maternal obesity increases DNA damage in the FT placenta, affecting DNA damage response and trophoblast turnover. Examining placental tissue from lean and obese non-smoking women (4-12 gestational weeks), we observed higher overall DNA damage in obesity (COMET assay). Specifically, DNA double-strand breaks were found in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTB; semi-quantitative γH2AX immunostaining), while oxidative DNA modifications (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; FPG-COMET assay) were absent. Increased DNA damage in obese FT placentas did not correlate with enhanced DNA damage sensing and repair. Indeed, obesity led to reduced expression of multiple DNA repair genes (mRNA array), which were further shown to be influenced by inflammation through in vitro experiments using tumor necrosis factor-α treatment on FT chorionic villous explants. Tissue changes included elevated vCTB apoptosis (TUNEL assay; caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18), but unchanged senescence (p16) and reduced proliferation (Ki67) of vCTB, the main driver of FT placental growth. Overall, obesity is linked to heightened non-oxidative DNA damage in FT placentas, negatively affecting trophoblast growth and potentially leading to temporary reduction in early fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hoch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alejandro Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bandres-Meriz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Bachbauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline Pöchlauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Kaudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvija Tokic
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Tsaousidou E, Chrzanowski J, Drané P, Lee GY, Bahour N, Wang ZB, Deng S, Cao Z, Huang K, He Y, Kaminski M, Michalek D, Güney E, Parmar K, Fendler W, Chowdhury D, Hotamışlıgil GS. Endogenous p53 inhibitor TIRR dissociates systemic metabolic health from oncogenic activity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114337. [PMID: 38861384 PMCID: PMC11325268 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether metabolic health corresponds to reduced oncogenesis or vice versa. We study Tudor-interacting repair regulator (TIRR), an inhibitor of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1)-mediated p53 activation, and the physiological consequences of enhancing tumor suppressor activity. Deleting TIRR selectively activates p53, significantly protecting against cancer but leading to a systemic metabolic imbalance in mice. TIRR-deficient mice are overweight and insulin resistant, even under normal chow diet. Similarly, reduced TIRR expression in human adipose tissue correlates with higher BMI and insulin resistance. Despite the metabolic challenges, TIRR loss improves p53 heterozygous (p53HET) mouse survival and correlates with enhanced progression-free survival in patients with various p53HET carcinomas. Finally, TIRR's oncoprotective and metabolic effects are dependent on p53 and lost upon p53 deletion in TIRR-deficient mice, with glucose homeostasis and orexigenesis being primarily regulated by TIRR expression in the adipose tissue and the CNS, respectively, as evidenced by tissue-specific models. In summary, TIRR deletion provides a paradigm of metabolic deregulation accompanied by reduced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tsaousidou
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jędrzej Chrzanowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pascal Drané
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grace Y Lee
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadine Bahour
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zeqiu Branden Wang
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shijun Deng
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Cao
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaimeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yizhou He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mateusz Kaminski
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Michalek
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ekin Güney
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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3
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Li T, Li S, Ma K, Kong J. Application potential of senolytics in clinical treatment. Biogerontology 2024; 25:379-398. [PMID: 38109001 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Of the factors studied in individual ageing, the accumulation of senescent cells has been considered as an essential cause of organ degeneration to eventually initiate age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is attributed to the accumulation of damage for an inducement in the activation of cell cycle inhibitory pathways, resulting the cell permanently withdraw from the cell proliferation cycle. Further, senescent cells will activate the inflammatory factor secretion pathway to promote the development of various age-related diseases. Senolytics, a small molecule compound, can delay disease development and extend mammalian lifespan. The evidence from multiple trials shows that the targeted killing of senescent cells has a significant clinical application for the treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, senolytics are also significant for the development of ageing research in solid organ transplantation, which can fully develop the potential of elderly organs and reduce the age gap between demand and supply. We conclude that the main characteristics of cellular senescence, the anti-ageing drug senolytics in the treatment of chronic diseases and organ transplantation, and the latest clinical progress of related researches in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ageing and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Yang Y, Wang X, Li M, Wang S, Wang H, Chen Q, Lu S. Identification of potential obese-specific biomarkers and pathways associated with abdominal subcutaneous fat deposition in pig using a comprehensive bioinformatics strategy. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17486. [PMID: 38832038 PMCID: PMC11146330 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal subcutaneous fat deposition (ASFD) is not only related to meat quality in the pig industry but also to human health in medicine. It is of great value to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of ASFD. The present study aims to identify obese-specific biomarkers and key pathways correlated with ASFD in pigs. The ASF-related mRNA expression dataset GSE136754 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and systematically analyzed using a comprehensive bioinformatics method. A total of 565 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between three obese and three lean pigs, and these DEGs were mainly involved in the p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, consisting of 540 nodes and 1,065 edges, was constructed, and the top ten genes with the highest degree scores-ABL1, HDAC1, CDC42, HDAC2, MRPS5, MRPS10, MDM2, JUP, RPL7L1 and UQCRFS1-were identified as hub genes in the whole PPI network. Especially HDAC1, MDM2, MRPS10 and RPL7L1 were identified as potential robust obese-specific biomarkers due to their significant differences in single gene expression levels and high ROC area; this was further verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on abdominal subcutaneous fat samples from obese-type (Saba) and lean-type (Large White) pigs. Additionally, a mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA ceRNA network consisting of four potential biomarkers, 15 miRNAs and 51 lncRNAs was established, and two targeted lncRNAs with more connections, XIST and NEAT1, were identified as potentially important regulatory factors. The findings of this study may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism involved in ASFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China
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5
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Vulf M, Khaziakhmatova O, Litvinova L. Prohibitions in the meta-inflammatory response: a review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1322687. [PMID: 38813101 PMCID: PMC11133639 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1322687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prohibitins are the central regulatory element of cellular homeostasis, especially by modulating the response at different levels: Nucleus, mitochondria and membranes. Their localization and interaction with various proteins, homons, transcription and nuclear factors, and mtDNA indicate the globality and complexity of their pleiotropic properties, which remain to be investigated. A more detailed deciphering of cellular metabolism in relation to prohibitins under normal conditions and in various metabolic diseases will allow us to understand the precise role of prohibitins in the signaling cascades of PI3K/Akt, Raf/MAP/ERK, STAT3, p53, and others and to fathom their mutual influence. A valuable research perspective is to investigate the role of prohibitins in the molecular and cellular interactions between the two major players in the pathogenesis of obesity-adipocytes and macrophages - that form the basis of the meta-inflammatory response. Investigating the subtle intercellular communication and molecular cascades triggered in these cells will allow us to propose new therapeutic strategies to eliminate persistent inflammation, taking into account novel molecular genetic approaches to activate/inactivate prohibitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Gao C. Investigating the association between blood metabolites and telomere length: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298172. [PMID: 38457472 PMCID: PMC10923442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length refers to the protective cap at the end of chromosomes, and it plays a crucial role in many diseases. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between blood metabolites and telomere length, aiming to identify novel biological factors that influence telomere length. METHODS In this study, we extracted genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for blood metabolites from a sample of 7824 Europeans. Additionally, GWAS data for telomere length were obtained from the Open GWAS database (GWAS ID: ieu-b-4879). The primary analysis of this study utilized the random inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Complementary analyses were also conducted using the MR-Egger and weighted median approaches. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings. These included the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. To investigate the possibility of reverse causation, reverse MR analysis was conducted. Additionally, multivariable MR was utilized to evaluate the direct effect of metabolites on telomere length. RESULTS The results suggested a potential association between 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, levulinate, and X-12712 and telomere length. MVMR analysis further showed that 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, and levulinate can directly influence telomere length, regardless of other metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, and levulinate are likely factors correlated with telomere length. These findings will contribute to the development of strategies for protecting telomeres, preventing related diseases, and establishing a new biological foundation for achieving healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Head and Neck Surgeons, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, China
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7
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Reinisch I, Michenthaler H, Sulaj A, Moyschewitz E, Krstic J, Galhuber M, Xu R, Riahi Z, Wang T, Vujic N, Amor M, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Wabitsch M, Kolb D, Georgiadi A, Glawitsch L, Heitzer E, Schulz TJ, Schupp M, Sun W, Dong H, Ghosh A, Hoffmann A, Kratky D, Hinte LC, von Meyenn F, Heck AJR, Blüher M, Herzig S, Wolfrum C, Prokesch A. Adipocyte p53 coordinates the response to intermittent fasting by regulating adipose tissue immune cell landscape. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1391. [PMID: 38360943 PMCID: PMC10869344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In obesity, sustained adipose tissue (AT) inflammation constitutes a cellular memory that limits the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. Yet, the impact of fasting regimens on the regulation of AT immune infiltration is still elusive. Here we show that intermittent fasting (IF) exacerbates the lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) inflammatory phenotype of visceral AT in obese mice. Importantly, this increase in LAM abundance is strongly p53 dependent and partly mediated by p53-driven adipocyte apoptosis. Adipocyte-specific deletion of p53 prevents LAM accumulation during IF, increases the catabolic state of adipocytes, and enhances systemic metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity. Finally, in cohorts of obese/diabetic patients, we describe a p53 polymorphism that links to efficacy of a fasting-mimicking diet and that the expression of p53 and TREM2 in AT negatively correlates with maintaining weight loss after bariatric surgery. Overall, our results demonstrate that p53 signalling in adipocytes dictates LAM accumulation in AT under IF and modulates fasting effectiveness in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alba Sulaj
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zina Riahi
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Nemanja Vujic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Glawitsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura C Hinte
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Yang X, Xue C, Chen K, Gao D, Wang H, Tang C. Characteristics of elderly diabetes patients: focus on clinical manifestation, pathogenic mechanism, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1339744. [PMID: 38273819 PMCID: PMC10808572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health issue globally, putting an enormous burden on global health systems and people. Among all diseased groups, a considerable part of patients are elderly, while their clinical features, pathogenic processes, and medication regimens are different from patients of other ages. Despite the availability of multiple therapies and techniques, there are still numerous elderly diabetes patients suffering from poor blood glucose control, severe complications, and drug adverse effects, which negatively affect the quality of life in their golden years. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes for several decades, and its relevant clinical practice has confirmed that it has a satisfactory effect on alleviating clinical symptoms and mitigating the progression of complications. Chinese herbal medicine and its active components were used widely with obvious clinical advantages by multiple targets and signaling pathways. However, due to the particular features of elderly diabetes, few studies were conducted to explore Traditional Chinese Medicine intervention on elderly diabetic patients. This study reviews the research on clinical features, pathogenic processes, treatment principles, and TCM treatments, hoping to provide fresh perspectives on the prevention and management strategies for elderly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongxiang Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Gao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Crewe C, Brestoff JR. Burning Fat to Fuel EVs. Diabetes 2023; 72:1521-1523. [PMID: 37862579 PMCID: PMC10588268 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Nerstedt A, Smith U. The impact of cellular senescence in human adipose tissue. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:563-573. [PMID: 37195383 PMCID: PMC10409694 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, and the worldwide epidemic of obesity and related metabolic diseases has contributed to an increased interest for the adipose tissue (AT), the primary site for storage of lipids, as a metabolically dynamic and endocrine organ. Subcutaneous AT is the depot with the largest capacity to store excess energy and when its limit for storage is reached hypertrophic obesity, local inflammation, insulin resistance and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D) will develop. Hypertrophic AT is also associated with a dysfunctional adipogenesis, depending on the inability to recruit and differentiate new mature adipose cells. Lately, cellular senescence (CS), an aging mechanism defined as an irreversible growth arrest that occurs in response to various cellular stressors, such as telomere shortening, DNA damage and oxidative stress, has gained a lot of attention as a regulator of metabolic tissues and aging-associated conditions. The abundance of senescent cells increases not only with aging but also in hypertrophic obesity independent of age. Senescent AT is characterized by dysfunctional cells, increased inflammation, decreased insulin sensitivity and lipid storage. AT resident cells, such as progenitor cells (APC), non-proliferating mature cells and microvascular endothelial cells are affected with an increased senescence burden. Dysfunctional APC have both an impaired adipogenic and proliferative capacity. Interestingly, human mature adipose cells from obese hyperinsulinemic individuals have been shown to re-enter the cell cycle and senesce, which indicates an increased endoreplication. CS was also found to be more pronounced in mature cells from T2D individuals, compared to matched non-diabetic individuals, with decreased insulin sensitivity and adipogenic capacity. Factors associated with cellular senescence in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nerstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Lluch A, Latorre J, Serena-Maione A, Espadas I, Caballano-Infantes E, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Ricart W, Malagón MM, Martin-Montalvo A, Birchmeier W, Szymanski W, Graumann J, Gómez-Serrano M, Sommariva E, Fernández-Real JM, Ortega FJ. Impaired Plakophilin-2 in obesity breaks cell cycle dynamics to breed adipocyte senescence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5106. [PMID: 37607954 PMCID: PMC10444784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a key component of desmosomes, which, when defective, is known to promote the fibro-fatty infiltration of heart muscle. Less attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue. We report here that levels of PKP2 steadily increase during fat cell differentiation, and are compromised if adipocytes are exposed to a pro-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, expression of PKP2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue diminishes in patients with obesity, and normalizes upon mild-to-intense weight loss. We further show defective PKP2 in adipocytes to break cell cycle dynamics and yield premature senescence, a key rheostat for stress-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Conversely, restoring PKP2 in inflamed adipocytes rewires E2F signaling towards the re-activation of cell cycle and decreased senescence. Our findings connect the expression of PKP2 in fat cells to the physiopathology of obesity, as well as uncover a previously unknown defect in cell cycle and adipocyte senescence due to impaired PKP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Serena-Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Espadas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Witold Szymanski
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Kaisinger LR, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Gardner EJ, Day FR, Zhao Y, Mörseburg A, Carnie CJ, Zagnoli-Vieira G, Puddu F, Jackson SP, O’Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Dearden L, Pantaleão LC, Ozanne SE, Ong KK, Perry JR. Large-scale exome sequence analysis identifies sex- and age-specific determinants of obesity. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100362. [PMID: 37601970 PMCID: PMC10435378 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and has a significant heritable component. Recent large-scale exome sequencing studies identified several genes in which rare, protein-coding variants have large effects on adult body mass index (BMI). Here we extended such work by performing sex-stratified associations in the UK Biobank study (N∼420,000). We identified genes in which rare heterozygous loss-of-function increases adult BMI in women (DIDO1, PTPRG, and SLC12A5) and in men (SLTM), with effect sizes up to ∼8 kg/m2. This is complemented by analyses implicating rare variants in OBSCN and MADD for recalled childhood adiposity. The known functions of these genes, as well as findings of common variant genome-wide pathway enrichment analyses, suggest a role for neuron death, apoptosis, and DNA damage response mechanisms in the susceptibility to obesity across the life-course. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific and life-course effects in the genetic regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena R. Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katherine A. Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eugene J. Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Mörseburg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Carnie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Fabio Puddu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Dearden
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lucas C. Pantaleão
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R.B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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13
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Loh NY, Rosoff D, Noordam R, Christodoulides C. Investigating the impact of metabolic syndrome traits on telomere length: a Mendelian randomization study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2189-2198. [PMID: 37415075 PMCID: PMC10658743 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have reported bidirectional associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits and short leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a TL marker in somatic tissues and a proposed risk factor for age-related degenerative diseases. However, in Mendelian randomization studies, longer LTL has been paradoxically associated with higher MetS risk. This study investigated the hypothesis that shorter LTL might be a consequence of metabolic dysfunction. METHODS This study undertook univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. As instrumental variables for MetS traits, all of the genome-wide significant independent signals identified in genome-wide association studies for anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure traits conducted in European individuals were used. Summary-level data for LTL were obtained from a genome-wide association study conducted in the UK Biobank. RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with shorter LTL (β = -0.039, 95% CI: -0.058 to -0.020, p = 5 × 10-5 ) equivalent to 1.70 years of age-related LTL change. In contrast, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with longer LTL (β = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.007 to 0.037, p = 0.003) equivalent to 0.96 years of age-related LTL change. Mechanistically, increased low-grade systemic inflammation, as measured by circulating C-reactive protein, and lower circulating linoleic acid levels might link higher BMI to shorter LTL. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity might promote the development of aging-related degenerative diseases by accelerating telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y. Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Daniel Rosoff
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and GeriatricsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation TrustOxfordUK
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14
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de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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15
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Chiaramonte A, Testi S, Pelosini C, Micheli C, Falaschi A, Ceccarini G, Santini F, Scarpato R. Oxidative and DNA damage in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: A one-year follow-up study. Mutat Res 2023; 827:111827. [PMID: 37352694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2023.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity and related comorbidities has long been associated with oxidative stress. The excess of adipose tissue contributes to the production of free radicals that sustain both a local and a systemic chronic inflammatory state, whereas its reduction can bring to an improvement in inflammation and oxidative stress. In our work, using the fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY® 581/591 C11 and the γH2AX foci assay, a well-known marker of DNA double strand breaks (DSB), we evaluated the extent of cell membrane oxidation and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal weight (NW) controls and obese patients sampled before and after bariatric surgery. Compared to NW controls, we observed a marked increase in both the frequencies of oxidized cells or nuclei exhibiting phosphorylation of histone H2AX in preoperatory obese patients. After bariatric surgery, obese patients, resampled over one-year follow-up, improved oxidative damage and reduced the presence of DSB. In conclusion, the present study highlights the importance for obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery to also monitor these molecular markers during their postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiaramonte
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Testi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Consuelo Micheli
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurora Falaschi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Spinelli R, Baboota RK, Gogg S, Beguinot F, Blüher M, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Increased cell senescence in human metabolic disorders. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169922. [PMID: 37317964 DOI: 10.1172/jci169922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence (CS) is at the nexus between aging and associated chronic disorders, and aging increases the burden of CS in all major metabolic tissues. However, CS is also increased in adult obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease independent of aging. Senescent tissues are characterized by dysfunctional cells and increased inflammation, and both progenitor cells and mature, fully differentiated and nonproliferating cells are afflicted. Recent studies have shown that hyperinsulinemia and associated insulin resistance (IR) promote CS in both human adipose and liver cells. Similarly, increased CS promotes cellular IR, showing their interdependence. Furthermore, the increased adipose CS in T2D is independent of age, BMI, and degree of hyperinsulinemia, suggesting premature aging. These results suggest that senomorphic/senolytic therapy may become important for treating these common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Spinelli
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ritesh Kumar Baboota
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Postmus AC, Kruit JK, Eilers RE, Havinga R, Koster MH, Johmura Y, Nakanishi M, van de Sluis B, Jonker JW. The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin does not exacerbate p16 Ink4a-positive senescent cell accumulation and cardiometabolic disease development in young adult female LDLR-deficient mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 468:116531. [PMID: 37088304 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer survivors who received chemotherapy, such as the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), have an increased risk of developing complications later in life, including the development of chronic metabolic diseases. Although the etiology of this increased risk for late metabolic complications in cancer survivors is poorly understood, a causal role of therapy-induced senescent cells has been suggested. To study the role of cellular senescence in chemotherapy-induced metabolic complications, young adult female low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-)-p16-3MR mice, in which p16Ink4a-positive (p16Ink4a+) senescent cells can be genetically eliminated, were treated with four weekly injections of DOX (2.5 mg/kg) followed by a high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. While DOX treatment induced known short-term effects, such as reduction in body weight, gonadal fat mass, and adipose tissue inflammation, it was not associated with significant long-term effects on glucose homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, or atherosclerosis. We further found no evidence of DOX-induced accumulation of p16Ink4a+-senescent cells at 1 or 12 weeks after DOX treatment. Neither did we observe an effect of elimination of p16Ink4a+-senescent cells on the development of diet-induced cardiometabolic complications in DOX-treated mice. Other markers for senescence were generally also not affected except for an increase in p21 and Cxcl10 in gonadal white adipose tissue long-term after DOX treatment. Together, our study does not support a significant role for p16Ink4a+-senescent cells in the development of diet-induced cardiometabolic disease in young adult DOX-treated female Ldlr-/- mice. These findings illustrate the need of further studies to understand the link between cancer therapy and cardiometabolic disease development in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Postmus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roos E Eilers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Matsubayashi S, Ito S, Araya J, Kuwano K. Drugs against metabolic diseases as potential senotherapeutics for aging-related respiratory diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1079626. [PMID: 37077349 PMCID: PMC10106576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1079626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in aging research have provided novel insights for the development of senotherapy, which utilizes cellular senescence as a therapeutic target. Cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including metabolic and respiratory diseases. Senotherapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for aging-related pathologies. Senotherapy can be classified into senolytics (induce cell death in senescent cells) and senomorphics (ameliorate the adverse effects of senescent cells represented by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype). Although the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, various drugs against metabolic diseases may function as senotherapeutics, which has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which are aging-related respiratory diseases. Large-scale observational studies have reported that several drugs, such as metformin and statins, may ameliorate the progression of COPD and IPF. Recent studies have reported that drugs against metabolic diseases may exert a pharmacological effect on aging-related respiratory diseases that can be different from their original effect on metabolic diseases. However, high non-physiological concentrations are needed to determine the efficacy of these drugs under experimental conditions. Inhalation therapy may increase the local concentration of drugs in the lungs without exerting systemic adverse effects. Thus, the clinical application of drugs against metabolic diseases, especially through an inhalation treatment modality, can be a novel therapeutic approach for aging-related respiratory diseases. This review summarizes and discusses accumulating evidence on the mechanisms of aging, as well as on cellular senescence and senotherapeutics, including drugs against metabolic diseases. We propose a developmental strategy for a senotherapeutic approach for aging-related respiratory diseases with a special focus on COPD and IPF.
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Pezone A, Olivieri F, Napoli MV, Procopio A, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:200-211. [PMID: 36750681 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or chemicals. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation is characterized by the secretion of cytokines that maintain inflammation and redox stress. Mitochondrial or nuclear redox imbalance induces DNA damage, which triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) that is orchestrated by ATM and ATR kinases, which modify gene expression and metabolism and, eventually, establish the senescent phenotype. DDR-mediated senescence is induced by the signalling proteins p53, p16 and p21, which arrest the cell cycle in G1 or G2 and promote cytokine secretion, producing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence and inflammation phenotypes are intimately associated, but highly heterogeneous because they vary according to the cell type that is involved. The vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and DDR-mediated senescence, along with the constitutive activation of the immune system, is the core of an evolutionarily conserved circuitry, which arrests the cell cycle to reduce the accumulation of mutations generated by DNA replication during redox stress caused by infection or inflammation. Evidence suggests that specific organ dysfunctions in apparently unrelated diseases of autoimmune, rheumatic, degenerative and vascular origins are caused by inflammation resulting from DNA damage-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Napoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Vittorio Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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20
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Lino CA, de Oliveira-Silva T, Lunardon G, Balbino-Silva C, Lima VM, Huang ZP, Donato J, Takano APC, Barreto-Chaves ML, Wang DZ, Diniz GP. Ablation of miRNA-22 protects against obesity-induced adipocyte senescence and ameliorates metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111775. [PMID: 36641038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity-related metabolic complications by activating cellular senescence in white adipose tissue (WAT). Growing evidence supports the importance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in metabolic disorders and cellular senescence. Recently, we showed that miR-22 deletion attenuates obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, whether miR-22 mediates HFD-induced cellular senescence of WAT remains unknown. Here, we uncovered that obese mice displayed increased pri-miR-22 levels and cellular senescence in WAT. However, miR-22 ablation protected mice against HFD-induced WAT senescence. In addition, in vitro studies showed that miR-22 deletion prevented preadipocyte senescence in response to Doxorubicin (Doxo). Loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo revealed that miR-22 increases H2ax mRNA and γH2ax levels in preadipocytes and WAT without inducing DNA damage. Intriguingly, miR-22 ablation prevented HFD-induced increase in γH2ax levels and DNA damage in WAT. Similarly, miR-22 deletion prevented Doxo-induced increase in γH2ax levels in preadipocytes. Adipose miR-22 levels were enhanced in middle-aged mice fed a HFD than those found in young mice. Furthermore, miR-22 deletion attenuated fat mass gain and glucose imbalance induced by HFD in middle-aged mice. Overall, our findings indicate that miR-22 is a key regulator of obesity-induced WAT senescence and metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Zhou Y, Suo W, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhao W, Li H, Ni Q. Targeting epigenetics in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114025. [PMID: 36399824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been extensively studied, but there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods. The ability of flavonoids to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy has been extensively described. In recent years, epigenetics has received increasing attention from scholars in exploring the etiology and treatment of diabetes and its complications. DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs play key functions in the development, maintenance and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hence, prevention or reversal of the epigenetic alterations that have occurred during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy may alleviate the personal and social burden of the disease. Flavonoids can be used as natural epigenetic modulators in alternative therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic effects of different flavonoid subtypes in diabetic cardiomyopathy and summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that already exist. However, limited research is available on the potential beneficial effects of flavonoids on the epigenetics of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the future, clinical trials in which different flavonoids exert their antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects through various epigenetic mechanisms should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wendong Suo
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Weizhe Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Hong Li
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Ni
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
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22
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Exercise Improves Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function in White Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091689. [PMID: 36139762 PMCID: PMC9495527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on energy balance and also improves metabolic health independently of weight loss. Adipose tissue function is a critical denominator of a healthy metabolism but the adaptation of adipocytes in response to exercise is insufficiently well understood. We have previously shown that one aerobic exercise session was associated with increased expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes in white adipose tissue (WAT). In the present study, we evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on WAT redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: a control group that did not exercise and a group that performed running exercise sessions on a treadmill for 30 min, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial function, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and proteins related to DNA damage response were analyzed. In WAT from the exercise group, we found higher mitochondrial respiration in states I, II, and III of Complex I and Complex II, followed by an increase in ATP production, and the ROS/ATP ratio when compared to tissues from control rats. Regarding redox homeostasis, NADPH oxidase activity, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in WAT from the exercise group when compared to control tissues. Moreover, antioxidant enzymatic activity, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and total nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) protein levels were higher in the exercise group compared to control. Finally, we found that exercise reduced the phosphorylation levels of H2AX histone (γH2AX), a central protein that contributes to genome stability through the signaling of DNA damage. In conclusion, our results show that chronic exercise modulates redox homeostasis in WAT, improving antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function. This hormetic remodeling of adipocyte redox balance points to improved adipocyte health and seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Cornejo PJ, Vergoni B, Ohanna M, Angot B, Gonzalez T, Jager J, Tanti JF, Cormont M. The Stress-Responsive microRNA-34a Alters Insulin Signaling and Actions in Adipocytes through Induction of the Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162581. [PMID: 36010657 PMCID: PMC9406349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stresses alter the signaling and actions of insulin in adipocytes during obesity, but the molecular links remain incompletely understood. Members of the microRNA-34 (miR-34 family play a pivotal role in stress response, and previous studies showed an upregulation of miR-34a in adipose tissue during obesity. Here, we identified miR-34a as a new mediator of adipocyte insulin resistance. We confirmed the upregulation of miR-34a in adipose tissues of obese mice, which was observed in the adipocyte fraction exclusively. Overexpression of miR-34a in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or in fat pads of lean mice markedly reduced Akt activation by insulin and the insulin-induced glucose transport. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of VAMP2, a target of miR-34a, and an increased expression of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Importantly, PTP1B silencing prevented the inhibitory effect of miR-34a on insulin signaling. Mechanistically, miR-34a decreased the NAD+ level through inhibition of Naprt and Nampt, resulting in an inhibition of Sirtuin-1, which promoted an upregulation of PTP1B. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Nampt and Naprt was decreased in adipose tissue of obese mice. Collectively, our results identify miR-34a as a new inhibitor of insulin signaling in adipocytes, providing a potential pathway to target to fight insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Cornejo
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Bastien Vergoni
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, “Team Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Brice Angot
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team “Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes”, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-89-15-38-31
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24
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Lee G, Kim YY, Jang H, Han JS, Nahmgoong H, Park YJ, Han SM, Cho C, Lim S, Noh JR, Oh WK, Lee CH, Kim S, Kim JB. SREBP1c-PARP1 axis tunes anti-senescence activity of adipocytes and ameliorates metabolic imbalance in obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:702-718.e5. [PMID: 35417665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the accretion of senescent cells is linked to metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and metabolic consequences of cellular senescence in obesity remain obscure. In this study, we found that obese adipocytes are senescence-susceptible cells accompanied with genome instability. Additionally, we discovered that SREBP1c may play a key role in genome stability and senescence in adipocytes by modulating DNA-damage responses. Unexpectedly, SREBP1c interacted with PARP1 and potentiated PARP1 activity during DNA repair, independent of its canonical lipogenic function. The genetic depletion of SREBP1c accelerated adipocyte senescence, leading to immune cell recruitment into obese adipose tissue. These deleterious effects provoked unhealthy adipose tissue remodeling and insulin resistance in obesity. In contrast, the elimination of senescent adipocytes alleviated adipose tissue inflammation and improved insulin resistance. These findings revealed distinctive roles of SREBP1c-PARP1 axis in the regulation of adipocyte senescence and will help decipher the metabolic significance of senescence in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Changyun Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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25
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Kozlov AP. Mammalian tumor-like organs. 2. Mammalian adipose has many tumor features and obesity is a tumor-like process. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 35395810 PMCID: PMC8994355 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous publications, the author developed the theory of carcino-evo-devo, which predicts that evolutionarily novel organs should recapitulate some features of tumors in their development. MAIN TEXT Mammalian adipose is currently recognized as a multi-depot metabolic and endocrine organ consisting of several adipose tissues. Although lipid-storing cells and proteins are ancient, the adipose organ as a whole is evolutionarily novel to mammals. The adipose expansion has remarkable similarities with the growth of solid tumors. These similarities are the following: (1) The capability to unlimited expansion; (2) Reversible plasticity; (3) Induction of angiogenesis; (4) Chronic inflammation; (5) Remodeling and disfunction; (6) Systemic influence on the organism; (7) Hormone production; (8) Production of miRNAs that influence other tissues; (9) Immunosuppression; (10) DNA damage and resistance to apoptosis; (11) Destructive infiltration in other organs and tissues. These similarities include the majority of "hallmarks of cancer". In addition, lipomas are the most frequent soft tissue tumors, and similar drugs may be used for the treatment of obesity and cancer by preventing infiltration. This raises the possibility that obesity, at least in part, may represent an oncological problem. The existing similarities between adipose and tumors suggest the possible evolutionary origin of mammalian adipose from some ancestral benign mesenchymal hereditary tumors. Indeed, using a transgenic inducible zebrafish tumor model, we described many genes, which originated in fish and were expressed in fish tumors. Their human orthologs LEP, NOTCH1, SPRY1, PPARG, ID2, and CIDEA acquired functions connected with the adipose organ. They are also involved in tumor development in humans. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis of the evolutionary origin of the adipose organ from the ancestral hereditary tumor is correct, it may open new opportunities to resolve the oncological problem and the problem of the obesity epidemic. New interventions targeting LEP, NOTCH1, SPRY1, PPARG, ID2, and CIDEA gene network, in addition to what already is going on, can be designed for treatment and prevention of both obesity and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kozlov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Gubkina Street, Moscow, Russia, 117971.
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251.
- The Biomedical Center, 8, Viborgskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194044.
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The burning furnace: Alteration in lipid metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1709-1723. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inhibition of USP7 suppresses advanced glycation end-induced cell cycle arrest and senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through ubiquitination of p53. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:311-320. [PMID: 35538032 PMCID: PMC9828104 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a n arising public health concern, and diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Current management for diabetic foot cannot reach optimal remission. In this study, we aim to explore the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic foot and provide novel strategies for the treatment of diabetic foot. A total of 10 normal skin tissues and 20 diabetic foot ulcer specimens are collected. Cell proliferation is determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle is determined by flow cytometry, and cell senescence is evaluated by β-galactosidase staining. Co-immunoprecipitation assay is used to explore the interaction between USP7 and p53. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are used to establish diabetic cell model, and streptozotocin (STZ) is used to establish diabetic rat model. Our results showed that USP7 expression is increased in diabetic foot ulcer and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treatment with AGEs. Inhibition of USP7 can reduce cell cycle arrest and cell senescence in HUVECs. Moreover, USP7 can interact with p53 and promote its expression through mediating its deubiquitination. Knockdown of p53 can reverse USP7-mediated cell cycle arrest and cell senescence in HUVECs. In diabetic rats, HBX 41108, the specific inhibitor of USP7, can significantly accelerate wound healing. Our study reveals that the inhibition of USP7 can suppress AGEs-induced cell cycle arrest and cell senescence of HUVECs through promoting p53 ubiquitination. USP7 is a potential target for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Arabi T, Shafqat A, Sabbah BN, Fawzy NA, Shah H, Abdulkader H, Razak A, Sabbah AN, Arabi Z. Obesity-related kidney disease: Beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1095211. [PMID: 36726470 PMCID: PMC9884830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1095211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes considerable morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures worldwide. Obesity is a significant risk factor for CKD development, partially explained by the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in obese patients. However, adipocytes also possess potent endocrine functions, secreting a myriad of cytokines and adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance and induce a chronic low-grade inflammatory state thereby damaging the kidney. CKD development itself is associated with various metabolic alterations that exacerbate adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. This adipose-renal axis is a major focus of current research, given the rising incidence of CKD and obesity. Cellular senescence is a biologic hallmark of aging, and age is another significant risk factor for obesity and CKD. An elevated senescent cell burden in adipose tissue predicts renal dysfunction in animal models, and senotherapies may alleviate these phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the direct mechanisms by which adipose tissue contributes to CKD development, emphasizing the potential clinical importance of such pathways in augmenting the care of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Tarek Arabi,
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hassan Shah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adhil Razak
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ziad Arabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Fushimura Y, Hoshino A, Furukawa S, Nakagawa T, Hino T, Taminishi S, Minami Y, Urata R, Iwai-Kanai E, Matoba S. Orotic acid protects pancreatic β cell by p53 inactivation in diabetic mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:191-195. [PMID: 34813979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of pancreatic β cells is a principal driver of the development of diabetes. Restoring normal insulin release from the β cells depends on the ATP produced by the intracellular mitochondria. In maintaining mitochondrial function, the tumor suppressor p53 has emerged as a novel regulator of metabolic homeostasis and participates in adaptations to nutritional changes. In this study, we used orotic acid, an intermediate in the pathway for de novo synthesis of the pyrimidine nucleotide, to reduce genotoxicity. Administration of orotic acid reduced p53 activation of MIN6 β cells and subsequently reduced β cell death in the db/db mouse. Orotic acid intake helped to maintain the islet size, number of β cells, and protected insulin secretion in the db/db mouse. In conclusion, orotic acid treatment maintained β cell function and reduced cell death, and may therefore, be a future therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Fushimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shunta Taminishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Minami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryota Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eri Iwai-Kanai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Nara, 632-0018, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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30
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Chen LL, Wang WJ. p53 regulates lipid metabolism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Li B, Leung JC, Chan LY, Li HY, Yiu WH, Lok SW, Xue R, Zou YX, Chen W, Lai KN, Tang SC. Tubule-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 ameliorates lipotoxic kidney injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1280-1290. [PMID: 34853727 PMCID: PMC8609107 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney damage and propagates chronic kidney injury like diabetic kidney disease; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To date, reduction of lipid acquisition and enhancement of lipid metabolism are the major, albeit non-specific, approaches to improve lipotoxic kidney damage. In the kidneys of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and tubule cells cultured with palmitic acid (PA), we observed a dramatic upregulation of the long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (LincRNA-p21) through a p53-dependent mechanism. Kidney tubule cell-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduction of histological and functional kidney injury despite persistent obesity and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, HFD- or PA-initiated lipotoxicity suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) signaling cascade to activate p53 and enhance the transcriptional activity of LincRNA-p21. Collectively, our findings suggest that the p53/LincRNA-p21 axis is the downstream effector in lipotoxic kidney injury and that targeting this axis particularly in the kidney tubule could be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph C.K. Leung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Loretta Y.Y. Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah W.Y. Lok
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar-Neng Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney C.W. Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Sydney C.W. Tang, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Chen LL, Wang WJ. p53 regulates lipid metabolism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:45-54. [PMID: 34619274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed cell metabolism is a well-accepted hallmark of cancer. Metabolism changes provide energy and precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis to satisfy the survival needs of cancer cells. The specific changes in different aspects of lipid metabolism in cancer cells have been focused in recent years. These changes can affect cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and motility through affecting membranes synthesis, energy homeostasis and cell signaling. The tumor suppressor p53 plays vital roles in the control of cell proliferation, senescence, DNA repair, and cell death in cancer through various transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities. Accumulating evidences indicate that p53 also regulates cellular metabolism, which appears to contribute to its tumor suppressive functions. Particularly the role of p53 in regulating lipid metabolism has gained more and more attention in recent decades. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the function of p53 on lipid metabolism in cancer. Further understanding and research on the role of p53 in lipid metabolism regulation will provide a potential therapeutic window for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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33
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Li Q, Hagberg CE, Silva Cascales H, Lang S, Hyvönen MT, Salehzadeh F, Chen P, Alexandersson I, Terezaki E, Harms MJ, Kutschke M, Arifen N, Krämer N, Aouadi M, Knibbe C, Boucher J, Thorell A, Spalding KL. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nat Med 2021; 27:1941-1953. [PMID: 34608330 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The expansion of adipose tissue in obesity is due to an increase in both adipocyte progenitor differentiation and mature adipocyte cell size. Adipocytes, however, are thought to be unable to divide or enter the cell cycle. We demonstrate that mature human adipocytes unexpectedly display a gene and protein signature indicative of an active cell cycle program. Adipocyte cell cycle progression associates with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, with a concomitant increase in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear DNA content. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in vitro or in humans, however, is associated with subsequent cell cycle exit, leading to a premature senescent transcriptomic and secretory profile in adipocytes. Premature senescence is rapidly becoming recognized as an important mediator of stress-induced tissue dysfunction. By demonstrating that adipocytes can activate a cell cycle program, we define a mechanism whereby mature human adipocytes senesce. We further show that by targeting the adipocyte cell cycle program using metformin, it is possible to influence adipocyte senescence and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Silva Cascales
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Lang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleni Terezaki
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Krämer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Carole Knibbe
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INRIA, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Sustained Activation of TNFα-Induced DNA Damage Response in Newly Differentiated Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910548. [PMID: 34638889 PMCID: PMC8508732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to DNA damage is the mechanism that allows the interaction between stress signals, inflammatory secretions, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis. Adipocyte dysfunction is the cellular trigger for various disease states such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, among many others. Previously, our group demonstrated that adipogenesis per se, from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs), involves an accumulation of DNA damage and a gradual loss of the repair capacity of oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, our objective was to identify whether healthy adipocytes differentiated for the first time from hASCs, when receiving inflammatory signals induced with TNFα, were able to persistently activate the DNA Damage Response and thus trigger adipocyte dysfunction. We found that TNFα at similar levels circulating in obese humans induce a sustained response to DNA damage response as part of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. This mechanism shows the impact of inflammatory environment early affect adipocyte function, independently of aging.
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35
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Loh NY, Noordam R, Christodoulides C. Telomere length and metabolic syndrome traits: A Mendelian randomisation study. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13445. [PMID: 34312982 PMCID: PMC8373272 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have revealed associations between short leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a TL marker in somatic tissues and multiple Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) traits. Animal studies have supported these findings by showing that increased telomere attrition leads to adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. We investigated the associations between genetically instrumented LTL and MetS traits using Mendelian Randomisation (MR). Fifty-two independent variants identified at FDR<0.05 from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 78,592 Europeans and collectively accounting for 2.93% of LTL variance were selected as genetic instruments for LTL. Summary-level data for MetS traits and for the MetS as a binary phenotype were obtained from the largest publicly available GWAS and two-sample MR analyses were used to estimate the associations of LTL with these traits. The combined effect of the genetic instruments was modelled using inverse variance weighted regression and sensitivity analyses with MR-Egger, weighted-median and MR-PRESSO were performed to test for and correct horizonal pleiotropy. Genetically instrumented longer LTL was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (β = 0.045 SD, SE = 0.018, p = 0.01), raised systolic (β = 1.529 mmHg, SE = 0.332, p = 4x10-6 ) and diastolic (β = 0.633 mmHg, SE = 0.222, p = 0.004) blood pressure, and increased MetS risk (OR = 1.133, 95% CI 1.057-1.215). Consistent results were obtained in sensitivity analyses, which provided no evidence of unbalanced horizontal pleiotropy. Telomere shortening might not be a major driver of cellular senescence and dysfunction in human adipose tissue. Future experimental studies should examine the mechanistic bases for the links between longer LTL and increased upper-body fat distribution and raised blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y. Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
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36
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Pini M, Czibik G, Sawaki D, Mezdari Z, Braud L, Delmont T, Mercedes R, Martel C, Buron N, Marcelin G, Borgne‐Sanchez A, Foresti R, Motterlini R, Henegar C, Derumeaux G. Adipose tissue senescence is mediated by increased ATP content after a short-term high-fat diet exposure. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13421. [PMID: 34278707 PMCID: PMC8373332 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of obesity, senescent cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT). The cellular underpinnings of WAT senescence leading to insulin resistance are not fully elucidated. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the presence of WAT senescence early after initiation of high‐fat diet (HFD, 1–10 weeks) in 5‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice and the potential role of energy metabolism. We first showed that WAT senescence occurred 2 weeks after HFD as evidenced in whole WAT by increased senescence‐associated ß‐galactosidase activity and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and 2A expression. WAT senescence affected various WAT cell populations, including preadipocytes, adipose tissue progenitors, and immune cells, together with adipocytes. WAT senescence was associated with higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity leading to enhanced ATP content in HFD‐derived preadipocytes, as compared with chow diet‐derived preadipocytes. One‐month daily exercise, introduced 5 weeks after HFD, was an effective senostatic strategy, since it reversed WAT cellular senescence, while reducing glycolysis and production of ATP. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of exercise was independent of body weight and fat mass loss. We demonstrated that WAT cellular senescence is one of the earliest events occurring after HFD initiation and is intimately linked to the metabolic state of the cells. Our data uncover a critical role for HFD‐induced elevated ATP as a local danger signal inducing WAT senescence. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on adipose tissue bioenergetics in obesity, reversing cellular senescence, and metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pini
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Zaineb Mezdari
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Laura Braud
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Thaïs Delmont
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- AP‐HP Department of Cardiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC Créteil France
| | - Raquel Mercedes
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Cécile Martel
- Mitologics S.A.S. Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Nelly Buron
- Mitologics S.A.S. Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | | | | | - Roberta Foresti
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Corneliu Henegar
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- Department of Physiology Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU SENEC, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC), AP‐HP Créteil France
- Faculty of Medicine IMRB, INSERM U955 Université Paris‐Est Créteil (UPEC) Créteil France
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37
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Cailliau K. Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3819. [PMID: 34359720 PMCID: PMC8345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress through a series of complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These monitoring mechanisms ensure the maintenance and the transfer of a correct genome to daughter cells through a selection of DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death processes. Canonical or non-canonical DDRs are highly organized and controlled to play crucial roles in genome stability and diversity. When altered or mutated, the proteins in these complex networks lead to many diseases that share common features, and to tumor formation. In recent years, technological advances have made it possible to benefit from the principles and mechanisms of DDR to target and eliminate cancer cells. These new types of treatments are adapted to the different types of tumor sensitivity and could benefit from a combination of therapies to ensure maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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38
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Cellular senescence and its role in white adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:934-943. [PMID: 33510393 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell senescence is defined as a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest combined with DNA damage and the induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This includes increased secretion of many inflammatory agents, proteases, miRNA's, and others. Cell senescence has been widely studied in oncogenesis and has generally been considered to be protective, due to cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of proliferation. Cell senescence is also associated with ageing and extensive experimental data support its role in generating the ageing-associated phenotype. Senescent cells can also influence proximal "healthy" cells through SASPs and, e.g., inhibit normal development of progenitor/stem cells, thereby preventing tissue replacement of dying cells and reducing organ functions. Recent evidence demonstrates that SASPs may also play important roles in several chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. White adipose tissue (WAT) cells are highly susceptible to becoming senescent both with ageing but also with obesity and type 2 diabetes, independently of chronological age. WAT senescence is associated with inappropriate expansion (hypertrophy) of adipocytes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Major efforts have been made to identify approaches to delete senescent cells including the use of "senolytic" compounds. The most established senolytic treatment to date is the combination of dasatinib, an antagonist of the SRC family of kinases, and the antioxidant quercetin. This combination reduces cell senescence and improves chronic disorders in experimental animal models. Although only small and short-term studies have been performed in man, no severe adverse effects have been reported. Hopefully, these or other senolytic agents may provide novel ways to prevent and treat different chronic diseases in man. Here we review the current knowledge on cellular senescence in both murine and human studies. We also discuss the pathophysiological role of this process and the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting senescence selectively in WAT.
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39
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Stucker S, De Angelis J, Kusumbe AP. Heterogeneity and Dynamics of Vasculature in the Endocrine System During Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624928. [PMID: 33767633 PMCID: PMC7987104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system consists of several highly vascularized glands that produce and secrete hormones to maintain body homeostasis and regulate a range of bodily functions and processes, including growth, metabolism and development. The dense and highly vascularized capillary network functions as the main transport system for hormones and regulatory factors to enable efficient endocrine function. The specialized capillary types provide the microenvironments to support stem and progenitor cells, by regulating their survival, maintenance and differentiation. Moreover, the vasculature interacts with endocrine cells supporting their endocrine function. However, the structure and niche function of vasculature in endocrine tissues remain poorly understood. Aging and endocrine disorders are associated with vascular perturbations. Understanding the cellular and molecular cues driving the disease, and age-related vascular perturbations hold potential to manage or even treat endocrine disorders and comorbidities associated with aging. This review aims to describe the structure and niche functions of the vasculature in various endocrine glands and define the vascular changes in aging and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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40
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Madani AY, Majeed Y, Abdesselem HB, Agha MV, Vakayil M, Sukhun NKA, Halabi NM, Kumar P, Hayat S, Elrayess MA, Rafii A, Suhre K, Mazloum NA. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Suppresses STAT1/Interferon Signaling Pathway and Inflammation in Senescent Preadipocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020334. [PMID: 33672392 PMCID: PMC7927067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes premature aging and dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) through the accumulation of cellular senescence. The senescent cells burden in WAT has been linked to inflammation, insulin-resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms that sustain inflammation in obese states. Here, we describe a robust and physiologically relevant in vitro system to trigger senescence in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. By employing transcriptomics analyses, we discovered up-regulation of key pro-inflammatory molecules and activation of interferon/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3 signaling in senescent preadipocytes, and expression of downstream targets was induced in epididymal WAT of obese mice, and obese human adipose tissue. To test the relevance of STAT1/3 signaling to preadipocyte senescence, we used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology to delete STAT1/3 and discovered that STAT1 promoted growth arrest and cooperated with cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) to drive the expression of interferon β (IFNβ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and interferon signaling-related genes. In contrast, we discovered that STAT3 was a negative regulator of STAT1/cGAS-STING signaling-it suppressed senescence and inflammation. These data provide insights into how STAT1/STAT3 signaling coordinates senescence and inflammation through functional interactions with the cGAS/STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Y. Madani
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (A.Y.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Maha V. Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Muneera Vakayil
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (A.Y.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Nour K. Al Sukhun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Najeeb M. Halabi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.M.H.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Shahina Hayat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.H.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.M.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Nayef A. Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhu G, Zhang Y, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhao F, Li T, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Song N, Song W, Lv Y. Association Between Body Mass Index and Male Sperm Apoptosis and Apoptosis-Related Factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1043-1051. [PMID: 33727837 PMCID: PMC7955683 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s289923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity may affect reproductive functions, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis-related biomarkers remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of body mass index on sperm quality and apoptosis-related factors in seminal plasma of men. METHODS Data for 54 subfertile men were collected at our reproductive medical center. The men were divided into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). Sperm DNA fragmentation (sperm chromatin structure analysis), sperm apoptosis (annexin V), and sperm apoptosis-related factors (antibody array assay) were assessed and their relationships with BMI were analyzed. RESULTS BMI was not significantly related to age, duration of infertility, duration of sexual abstinence, semen volume, sperm concentration, or rate of normal sperm morphology (p > 0.05). However, progressive sperm motility was significantly reduced and the rates of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and sperm apoptosis were significantly increased in overweight and obese men compared with men with normal BMI. Fas/Fasl, Bcl-2/Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, p53, and p21 were all upregulated in the overweight and obese groups. Protein function annotation by Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that apoptosis-related factors were enriched in a network associated with activation of apoptotic signaling pathways, such as apoptosis and p53 signaling. CONCLUSION These data suggest that increased BMI is associated with increased sperm apoptosis and sperm DNA damage, as well as accelerated expression of apoptosis-related factors via the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanrong Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuzhen Lv Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454150, Henan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8613839158938 Email lyz
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Nakamura S, Mori K, Okuma H, Sekine T, Miyazaki A, Tsuchiya K. Age-associated decline of monocyte insulin sensitivity in diabetic and healthy individuals. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021; 18:1479164121989281. [PMID: 33611932 PMCID: PMC8481716 DOI: 10.1177/1479164121989281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether monocyte/macrophage insulin signaling in humans is affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM), systemic insulin sensitivity, and other unknown factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-three adult volunteers (control group) not taking any medication and without cardiovascular risk factors, and 59 patients with T2DM (T2DM group) were included. Monocytes were isolated and cultured from all participants. RESULTS In cultured monocytes, insulin-stimulated AKT and FOXO3 phosphorylation was significantly suppressed in T2DM compared with that in the control group. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT was significantly correlated with body mass index and serum insulin level only in the control group. In both groups, significant negative correlation between age and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO3 was commonly observed. In the control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated induction of TNFA, and NOS2 was significantly and negatively correlated with insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation. Age was also significantly correlated with LPS-stimulated induction of TNFA. DISCUSSION Aging plays an important role in the development of monocyte insulin resistance, not only in patients with T2DM but also in healthy participants. Monocyte insulin sensitivity is negatively correlated with inflammatory responses and may be helpful for subclinical risk assessment of CVDs and/or insulin resistance in participants without risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okuma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sekine
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan.
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The Effects of Continuous and Withdrawal Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise on the Expression of Senescence-Related Genes in the Visceral Adipose Tissue of Young Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010264. [PMID: 33383848 PMCID: PMC7794976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global medical problem. The upregulation of senescence-related markers in adipose tissue may cause impairment of adipose tissue and disorders of systemic metabolism. Weight control through diet has been found to ameliorate senescence in the adipose tissue. Exercise is also important in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, however, very few researchers have examined the relationship between senescence-related markers in adipose tissue. Dietary restriction is also reported to have a legacy effect, wherein the effects are maintained for some periods after the termination of the intervention. However, very few researchers have examined the relationship between exercise and senescence-related markers in adipose tissue. Besides, there is no study on the long-term effects of exercise. Hence, we investigated whether the exercise could change the expression of senescence-related genes in the visceral adipose tissue of young mice and whether there was a legacy effect of exercise for 10 weeks after the termination of exercise. Four-week-old male ICR mice were assigned to one of the three groups: 20 weeks of sedentary condition, 20 weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise, or 10 weeks of exercise followed by 10 weeks of sedentary condition. The mice showed decreased expression in genes related to senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype, such as p53, p16, and IL-6, in the visceral adipose tissue in response to exercise. These effects were maintained for 10 weeks after the mice stopped exercising. Our study is the first report that exercise reduces the expression of senescence-related genes in the visceral adipose tissue of young mice, and that exercise causes the legacy effect.
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Zamboni M, Nori N, Brunelli A, Zoico E. How does adipose tissue contribute to inflammageing? Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111162. [PMID: 33253807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Across aging, white adipose tissue (WAT) undergoes significant changes in quantity and distribution, with an increase in visceral adipose tissue, ectopic fat deposition and a decline in gluteofemoral subcutaneous depot. In particular, WAT becomes dysfunctional with an increase in production of inflammatory peptides and a decline of those with anti-inflammatory activity and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, dysfunction of WAT is characterized by preadipocyte differentiation decline, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in vascularization and hypoxia, increased fibrosis and senescent cell accumulation. WAT changes represent an important hallmark of the aging process and may be responsible for the systemic pro-inflammatory state ("inflammageing") typical of aging itself, leading to age-related metabolic alterations. This review focuses on mechanisms linking age-related WAT changes to inflammageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zamboni
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Nicole Nori
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Brunelli
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Spinelli R, Parrillo L, Longo M, Florese P, Desiderio A, Zatterale F, Miele C, Raciti GA, Beguinot F. Molecular basis of ageing in chronic metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1373-1389. [PMID: 32358737 PMCID: PMC7481162 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Over the last decades, the shift in age distribution towards older ages and the progressive ageing which has occurred in most populations have been paralleled by a global epidemic of obesity and its related metabolic disorders, primarily, type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dysfunction of the adipose tissue (AT) is widely recognized as a significant hallmark of the ageing process that, in turn, results in systemic metabolic alterations. These include insulin resistance, accumulation of ectopic lipids and chronic inflammation, which are responsible for an elevated risk of obesity and T2D onset associated to ageing. On the other hand, obesity and T2D, the paradigms of AT dysfunction, share many physiological characteristics with the ageing process, such as an increased burden of senescent cells and epigenetic alterations. Thus, these chronic metabolic disorders may represent a state of accelerated ageing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A more precise explanation of the fundamental ageing mechanisms that occur in AT and a deeper understanding of their role in the interplay between accelerated ageing and AT dysfunction can be a fundamental leap towards novel therapies that address the causes, not just the symptoms, of obesity and T2D, utilizing strategies that target either senescent cells or DNA methylation. RESULTS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathways that lead to AT dysfunction in the chronological ageing process as well as the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D, emphasizing the critical role of cellular senescence and DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Finally, we highlight the need for further research focused on targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spinelli
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - L Parrillo
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Longo
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - P Florese
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Desiderio
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Zatterale
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Miele
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Beguinot
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Kahoul Y, Oger F, Montaigne J, Froguel P, Breton C, Annicotte JS. Emerging Roles for the INK4a/ARF ( CDKN2A) Locus in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091350. [PMID: 32971832 PMCID: PMC7563355 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as a cell cycle and proliferation regulator, the INK4a/ARF (CDKN2A) locus and its associated pathways are thought to play additional functions in the control of energy homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies in humans and rodents have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms in this locus are risk factors for obesity and related metabolic diseases including cardiovascular complications and type-2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies showed that both p16INK4a-CDK4-E2F1/pRB and p19ARF-P53 (p14ARF in humans) related pathways regulate adipose tissue (AT) physiology and adipocyte functions such as lipid storage, inflammation, oxidative activity, and cellular plasticity (browning). Targeting these metabolic pathways in AT emerged as a new putative therapy to alleviate the effects of obesity and prevent T2D. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature linking the INK4a/ARF locus with AT functions, focusing on its mechanisms of action in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Yang J, Suo H, Song J. Protective role of mitoquinone against impaired mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3857-3875. [PMID: 32815398 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control various processes in cellular metabolic homeostasis, such as adenosine triphosphate production, generation and clearance of reactive oxygen species, control of intracellular Ca2+ and apoptosis, and are thus a critical therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress, prevents impaired mitochondrial dynamics, and increases mitochondrial turnover by promoting autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial biogenesis, which ultimately contribute to the attenuation of MetS conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The regulatory effect of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis is mediated through AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, including MTOR, SIRT1, Nrf2 and NF-κB. However, there are few reviews focusing on the critical role of MitoQ as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of MetS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mitochondrial role in the pathogenesis of MetS, especially in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and discuss the effect and underlying mechanism of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China.,Graduate School, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Uddin MA, Barabutis N. P53 in the impaired lungs. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102952. [PMID: 32846356 PMCID: PMC7437512 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory is focused on investigating the supportive role of P53 towards the maintenance of lung homeostasis. Acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pneumonia and tuberculosis are respiratory pathologies, associated with dysfunctions of this endothelium defender (P53). Herein we review the evolving role of P53 towards the aforementioned inflammatory disorders, to potentially reveal new therapeutic possibilities in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Uddin
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, USA.
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Heck T, Ludwig M, Frizzo M, Rasia-Filho A, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Suppressed anti-inflammatory heat shock response in high-risk COVID-19 patients: lessons from basic research (inclusive bats), light on conceivable therapies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1991-2017. [PMID: 32749472 PMCID: PMC7403894 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major risk factors to fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients, i.e., elderliness and pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), share in common the characteristic of being chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature associated with defective heat shock response (HSR). The molecular components of the HSR, the principal metabolic pathway leading to the physiological resolution of inflammation, is an anti-inflammatory biochemical pathway that involves molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (HSP) family during homeostasis-threatening stressful situations (e.g., thermal, oxidative and metabolic stresses). The entry of SARS coronaviruses in target cells, on the other hand, aggravates the already-jeopardized HSR of this specific group of patients. In addition, cellular counterattack against virus involves interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, individuals with impaired HSR cannot resolve virus-induced inflammatory burst physiologically, being susceptible to exacerbated forms of inflammation, which leads to a fatal "cytokine storm". Interestingly, some species of bats that are natural reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, possess an IFN-based antiviral inflammatory response perpetually activated but do not show any sign of disease or cytokine storm. This is possible because bats present a constitutive HSR that is by far (hundreds of times) more intense and rapid than that of human, being associated with a high core temperature. Similarly in humans, fever is a physiological inducer of HSR while antipyretics, which block the initial phase of inflammation, impair the resolution phase of inflammation through the HSR. These findings offer a rationale for the reevaluation of patient care and fever reduction in SARS, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Ijuí, RS, 98700-000 Brazil
| | - Alberto Antonio Rasia-Filho
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Graduate Program in Biosciences, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170 Brazil
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50
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The role of adipose tissue senescence in obesity- and ageing-related metabolic disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:315-330. [PMID: 31998947 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue as the largest energy reservoir and endocrine organ is essential for maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis, but these metabolic functions decline with ageing and obesity. Adipose tissue senescence is one of the common features in obesity and ageing. Although cellular senescence is a defensive mechanism preventing tumorigenesis, its occurrence in adipose tissue causatively induces defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokines production and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition to these paracrine effects, adipose tissue senescence also triggers systemic inflammation and senescence as well as insulin resistance in the distal metabolic organs, resulting in Type 2 diabetes and other premature physiological declines. Multiple cell types including mature adipocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells and progenitor cells gradually senesce at different levels in different fat depots with ageing and obesity, highlighting the heterogeneity and complexity of adipose tissue senescence. In this review, we discuss the causes and consequences of adipose tissue senescence, and the major cell types responsible for adipose tissue senescence in ageing and obesity. In addition, we summarize the pharmacological approaches and lifestyle intervention targeting adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of obesity- and ageing-related metabolic diseases.
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