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Maleki MH, Khakshournia S, Heydarnia E, Omidi F, Taghizadeh M, Zeynolabedinzadeh M, Akbari M, Vakili O, Shafiee SM. Attenuation of brown adipocyte whitening in high-fat diet-induced obese rats: Effects of melatonin and β-hydroxybutyrate on Cidea, Fsp27 and MT1 expression. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39118207 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and melatonin on brown adipose tissue (BAT) plasticity in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS We employed a 7-week experimental design for a study on 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups: (1) a control-diet fed group; (2) a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed group; (3) a group that received an HFD and a BHB solution in their drinking water; (4) a group that received an HFD with 10 mg/kg/day melatonin in their drinking water; and (5) a group that received an HFD and were also treated with the combination of BHB and melatonin. Following the treatment period, biochemical indices, gene expression levels of key thermogenic markers (including uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1], PR domain containing 16 [PRDM16], Cidea, fat-specific protein 27 [Fsp27], and metallothionein 1 [MT1]), and stereological assessments of BAT were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with BHB and melatonin significantly boosted blood ketone levels, improved lipid profiles, and reduced weight gain from an HFD. It also downregulated genes linked to WAT, namely, Cidea and Fsp27, and upregulated key BAT markers, including UCP1, PRDM16 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1-alpha. Additionally, the co-treatment increased MT1 receptor expression and enhanced the structural density of BAT. CONCLUSION The combined oral administration of BHB and melatonin successfully prevented the whitening of BAT in obese rats fed an HFD, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related BAT dysfunction. The synergistic effects of this treatment underscore the potential of a combined approach to address BAT dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Khakshournia
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Emad Heydarnia
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Omidi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahroo Zeynolabedinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Xue KH, Jiang YF, Bai JY, Zhang DZ, Chen YH, Ma JB, Zhu ZJ, Wang X, Guo P. Melatonin suppresses Akt/mTOR/S6K activity, induces cell apoptosis, and synergistically inhibits cell growth with sunitinib in renal carcinoma cells via reversing Warburg effect. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2251234. [PMID: 37642220 PMCID: PMC10472857 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2251234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alteration drives renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development, while the impact of melatonin (MLT), a neurohormone secreted during darkness, on RCC cell growth and underlying mechanisms remains unclear. METHODS We detected concentration of metabolites through metabolomic analyses using UPLC-MS/MS, and the oxygen consumption rate was determined using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyzer. RESULTS We observed that MLT effectively inhibited RCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, MLT increased ROS levels, suppressed antioxidant enzyme activity, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, MLT treatment upregulated key TCA cycle metabolites while reducing aerobic glycolysis products, leading to higher oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and membrane potential. Moreover, MLT treatment suppressed phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70 S6 Kinase as well as the expression of HIF-1α/VEGFA in RCC cells; these effects were reversed by NAC (ROS inhibitors). Conversely, MLT synergistically inhibited cell growth with sunitinib and counteracted the Warburg effect induced by sunitinib in RCC cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicate that MLT treatment reverses the Warburg effect and promotes intracellular ROS production, which leads to the suppression of Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway, induction of cell apoptosis, and synergistically inhibition of cell growth with sunitinib in RCC cells. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor effect of MLT in RCC cells, and suggests that MLT might be a promising therapeutic for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Xue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bin Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Navarro-Masip È, Caron A, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Photoperiodic Remodeling of Adiposity and Energy Metabolism in Non-Human Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021008. [PMID: 36674520 PMCID: PMC9865556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy homeostasis and metabolism in mammals are strongly influenced by seasonal changes. Variations in photoperiod patterns drive adaptations in body weight and adiposity, reflecting changes in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Humans also show distinct patterns of energy balance depending on the season, being more susceptible to gaining weight during a specific time of the year. Changes in body weight are mainly reflected by the adipose tissue, which is a key metabolic tissue and is highly affected by circannual rhythms. Mostly, in summer-like (long-active) photoperiod, adipocytes adopt a rather anabolic profile, more predisposed to store energy, while food intake increases and energy expenditure is reduced. These metabolic adaptations involve molecular modifications, some of which have been studied during the last years and are summarized in this review. In addition, there is a bidirectional relation between obesity and the seasonal responses, with obesity disrupting some of the seasonal responses observed in healthy mammals, and altered seasonality being highly associated with increased risk of developing obesity. This suggests that changes in photoperiod produce important metabolic alterations in healthy organisms. Biological rhythms impact the regulation of metabolism to different extents, some of which are already known, but further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between energy balance and seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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Xu L, Li D, Li H, Zhang O, Huang Y, Shao H, Wang Y, Cai S, Zhu Y, Jin S, Ding C. Suppression of obesity by melatonin through increasing energy expenditure and accelerating lipolysis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:42. [PMID: 36207302 PMCID: PMC9546869 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/objectives Melatonin promotes brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, leading to body mass reduction and energy expenditure. However, the mechanisms governing these beneficial effects are not well-established. This study aimed to assess the effects of (1) melatonin on BAT and energy metabolism, and (2) fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in BAT-mediated thermogenesis. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow, accompanied by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg melatonin for 12 weeks. FGF21−/− mice consumed an HFD with or without melatonin for 8 weeks. Results Melatonin attenuated weight gain, insulin resistance, adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis induced by the HFD and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, melatonin improved cold tolerance by increasing BAT uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and producing heat. Notably, melatonin resulted in a shift in energy metabolism favouring the utilization of fat, and it increased FGF21 in circulating and metabolic tissues and skeletal muscle phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. However, melatonin did not protect against obesity, insulin resistance, and energy expenditure in HFD-fed FGF21−/− mice. Conclusions Melatonin suppressed obesity and insulin resistance resulting from the HFD by enhancing BAT activity and energy expenditure, and these effects were dependent on FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ouyang Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengrong Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suili Cai
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Dose-Dependent Effect of Melatonin on BAT Thermogenesis in Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rat: Future Clinical Implications for Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091646. [PMID: 36139720 PMCID: PMC9495691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data have revealed that melatonin at high doses reduced obesity and improved metabolic outcomes in experimental models of obesity, mainly by enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. A potential dose-response relationship has yet to be performed to translate these promising findings into potential clinical therapy. This study aimed to assess the effects of different doses of melatonin on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic capacity in Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. At 6 wk of age, male ZDF rats were divided into four groups (n = 4 per group): control and those treated with different doses of melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg of body weight) in their drinking water for 6 wk. Body weight (BW) was significantly decreased at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg of melatonin, but not at 0.1 mg/kg compared with the control, with a similar rate of BW decrease being reached at the dose of 1 mg/kg (by ~11%) and 10 mg/kg (by ~12%). This effect was associated with a dose-dependent increase in the thermal response to the baseline condition or acute cold challenge in the interscapular area measurable by infrared thermography, with the highest thermal response being recorded at the 10 mg/kg dose. Upon histology, melatonin treatment markedly restored the typical brownish appearance of the tissue and promoted a shift in size distribution toward smaller adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion, with the most pronounced brownish phenotype being observed at 10 mg/kg of melatonin. As a hallmark of thermogenesis, the protein level of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) from immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis increased significantly and dose-dependently at all three doses of melatonin, reaching the highest level at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Likewise, all three doses of melatonin modulated iBAT mitochondrial dynamics by increasing protein expression of the optic atrophy protein type 1 (OPA1) fusion marker and decreasing that of the dynamin-related protein1 (DRP1) fission marker, again dose-dependently, with the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively, being reached at the 10 mg/kg dose. These findings highlight for the first time the relevance of the dose-dependency of melatonin toward BW control and BAT thermogenic activation, which may have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of obesity. To clinically apply the potential therapeutic of melatonin for obesity, we consider that the effective animal doses that should be extrapolated to obese individuals may be within the dose range of 1 to 10 mg/kg.
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Pivonello C, Negri M, Patalano R, Amatrudo F, Montò T, Liccardi A, Graziadio C, Muscogiuri G, Pivonello R, Colao A. The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13390. [PMID: 34861097 PMCID: PMC9285339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition whose management is a critical challenge for physicians. The scientific community has increased its focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity etiopathogenesis to better manage patients with obesity and its associated complications. The tight connection between adipose tissue and the immune system has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in inflammation, and melatonin is important for circadian rhythm regulation and metabolic homeostasis, in which it orchestrates several molecular mechanisms involved in obesity and associated inflammation. Melatonin also regulates innate and adaptive immunity; its antioxidant properties are linked to reduced predisposition to infection and weight gain in patients with obesity through the modulation of the immune response, which has a significant beneficial effect on inflammation and, consequently, on the metabolic state. Low melatonin levels have been linked to obesity, and melatonin supplementation can reduce body weight, improve metabolic profile, and ameliorate immune responses and pro-inflammatory stimuli. The role of melatonin in obesity is mainly related to improved oxidative stress signaling, modulation of adipokine secretion, and a switching from white-to-brown adipose tissue phenotype and activity. Moreover, the role of melatonin in obesity modulation by controlling circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a pivotal mechanism for lipid and glucose metabolism dysfunction in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues. Melatonin may also regulate the immune system by acting directly on thymus morphology and activity as well as by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory states during infections. The tight association between melatonin and immune response regulation is coordinated by Toll-like receptors, which are rhythmically expressed during the day. Their expression may be strongly modulated by melatonin as their signaling is highly inhibited by melatonin. The current review summarizes studies of melatonin-induced mechanisms involved in infection regulation, particularly the modulation of obesity-associated inflammation and systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Feliciana Amatrudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Suriagandhi V, Nachiappan V. Protective Effects of Melatonin against Obesity-Induced by Leptin Resistance. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113598. [PMID: 34563600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of an exceedingly high-fat diet with irregular eating and sleeping habits is typical in the current sedentary lifestyle, leading to chronic diseases like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Leptin is a primary appetite-regulating hormone that binds to its receptors in the hypothalamic cell membrane and regulates downstream appetite-regulating neurons NPY/AgRp and POMC in the hypothalamus. Based on the fat content of the adipose tissue, leptin is secreted, and excess accumulation of fat in adipose tissue stimulates the abnormal secretion of leptin. The secreted leptin circulating in the bloodstream uses its transporters to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the CSF. There is a saturation limit for leptin bound to its transporters to cross the BBB, and increased leptin secretion in adipose tissue has a defect in its transport across the BBB. Leptin resistance is due to excess leptin, a saturation of its transporters, and deficiency in either the receptor level or signalling in the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance leads to obesity due to excess food intake and less energy expenditure. Normal leptin secretion follows a rhythm, and alteration in the lifestyle leads to hormonal imbalances and increases ROS generation leading to oxidative stress. The sleep disturbance causes obesity with increased lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. Melatonin is the master regulator of the sleep-wake cycle secreted by the pineal gland during the night. It is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is secreted in a pattern called the circadian rhythm in humans as well. Research indicates that melatonin plays a vital role in hormonal regulation and energy metabolism, including leptin signalling and secretion. Studying the role of melatonin in leptin regulation will help us combat the pathologies of obesity caused by leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennila Suriagandhi
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
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10
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Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010218. [PMID: 35008644 PMCID: PMC8745381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.
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Ishay Y, Kolben Y, Kessler A, Ilan Y. Role of circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system in liver function: a hypothetical basis for improving the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G400-G412. [PMID: 34346773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00186.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common, incapacitating complication of cirrhosis that affects many patients with cirrhosis. Although several therapies have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of this condition, several patients continue to suffer from covert disease or episodes of relapse. The circadian rhythm has been demonstrated to be pivotal for many body functions, including those of the liver. Here, we explore the impact of circadian rhythm-dependent signaling on the liver and discuss the evidence of its impact on liver pathology and metabolism. We describe the various pathways through which circadian influences are mediated. Finally, we introduce a novel method for improving patient response to drugs aimed at treating HE by utilizing the circadian rhythm. A digital system that introduces a customization-based technique for improving the response to therapies is presented as a hypothetical approach for improving the effectiveness of current medications used for the treatment of recurrent and persistent hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Marqueze EC, Nogueira LFR, Vetter C, Skene DJ, Cipolla-Neto J, Moreno CRC. Exogenous melatonin decreases circadian misalignment and body weight among early types. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12750. [PMID: 34091954 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shift workers experience chronic circadian misalignment, which can manifest itself in reduced melatonin production, and has been associated with metabolic disorders. In addition, chronotype modulates the effect of night shift work, with early types presenting greater circadian misalignment when working night shift as compared to late types. Melatonin supplementation has shown positive results reducing weight gain in animal models, but the effect of exogenous melatonin in humans on body weight in the context of shift work remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin on circadian misalignment and body weight among overweight night shift workers, according to chronotype, under real-life conditions. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial where melatonin (3 mg) or placebo was administered on non-night shift nights for 12 weeks in 27 female nurses (37.1 yo, ±5.9 yo; BMI 29.9 kg/m2 , ±3.3 kg/m2 ). Melatonin (or placebo) was only taken on nights when the participants did not work night shifts, that is, on nights when they slept (between night shifts and on days off). Composite Phase Deviations (CPD) of actigraphy-based mid-sleep timing were calculated to measure circadian misalignment. The analyses were performed for the whole group and by chronotype. We found approximately 20% reduction in circadian misalignment after exogenous melatonin administration considering all chronotypes. Moreover, melatonin supplementation in those who presented high circadian misalignment, as observed in early chronotypes, reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, without any change in the participants' calorie intake or physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Marqueze
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana F R Nogueira
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Debra J Skene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Claudia R C Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen X, Hao B, Li D, Reiter RJ, Bai Y, Abay B, Chen G, Lin S, Zheng T, Ren Y, Xu X, Li M, Fan L. Melatonin inhibits lung cancer development by reversing the Warburg effect via stimulating the SIRT3/PDH axis. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12755. [PMID: 34214200 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the morbidity and mortality from lung cancer have continued to increase. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in apoptosis, proliferation, and the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells, especially for energy metabolism. Herein, we investigated the ability of melatonin (MLT) to influence lung cancer growth and explored the association between mitochondrial functions and the progression of lung tumors. The deacetylase, sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), is a pivotal player in maintenance of mitochondrial function, among participating in ATP production by regulating the acetylone and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). We initially found that MLT inhibited lung cancer growth in the Lewis mouse model. Similarly, we observed that MLT inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A549, PC9, and LLC cells), and the underlying mechanism of MLT was related to reprogramming cancer cell metabolism, accompanied by a shift from cytosolic aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These changes were accompanied by higher ATP production, an elevated ATP production-coupled oxygen consumption rate (QCR), higher ROS levels, higher mito-ROS levels, and lower lactic acid secretion. Additionally, we observed that MLT improved mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of complexes Ⅰ and Ⅳ in the electron transport chain. Importantly, we also found and verified that the foregoing changes resulted from activation of Sirt3 and PDH. As a result of these changes, MLT significantly enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism to reverse the Warburg effect via increasing PDH activity with stimulation of Sirt3. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of melatonin as an anti-lung cancer therapy and provide a mechanistic basis for this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Baigenzhin Abay
- National Scientific Medical Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Guojie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumeng Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbei Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Straat ME, Hogenboom R, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Circadian control of brown adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158961. [PMID: 33933649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian (~24 h) rhythms is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, unravelling how circadian rhythms are regulated in different metabolic tissues has become a prominent research focus. Of particular interest is brown adipose tissue (BAT), which combusts triglyceride-derived fatty acids and glucose into heat and displays a circannual and diurnal rhythm in its thermogenic activity. In this review, the genetic, neuronal and endocrine generation of these rhythms in BAT is discussed. In addition, the potential risks of disruption or attenuation of these rhythms in BAT, and possible factors influencing these rhythms, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike E Straat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Hogenboom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Gao XY, Deng BH, Li XR, Wang Y, Zhang JX, Hao XY, Zhao JX. Melatonin Regulates Differentiation of Sheep Brown Adipocyte Precursor Cells Via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:661773. [PMID: 34235199 PMCID: PMC8255384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.661773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In sheep industry, hypothermia caused by insufficient brown adipose tissue (BAT) deposits is one of the major causes of lamb deaths. Enhancing the formation and function of BAT in neonatal lamb increases thermogenesis and hence reduces economic losses. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect and mechanism of melatonin on sheep brown adipocyte formation and function. Sheep brown adipocyte precursor cells (SBACs) isolated from perirenal BAT were treated with melatonin (1 and 10 nM). The SBACs subjected to melatonin exhibited a decreased proliferation ability, accompanied by down-regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and CDK4 protein contents in a melatonin dose-dependent manner. Melatonin promoted brown adipocyte formation and induced the expression of brown adipogenic markers, including uncoupling protein 1 and PR domain-containing 16 during differentiation of SBAC. Moreover, the AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) activity was positively correlated with brown adipocyte formation potential. Importantly, melatonin effectively activated AMPKα1. Furthermore, promotional effects of melatonin were abolished by AMPKα1 knockout, suggesting the involvement of AMPKα1 in this process. Collectively, these results suggested that melatonin enhanced brown adipocyte formation in SBACs in vitro through activation of AMPKα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yang Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Bu-Hao Deng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
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Schneider ACR, de Moura AC, Carvalho FB, Alves T, Meurer F, Porawski M, da Silveira TR. Effect of Melatonin on the Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis and Intestinal Leptin Expression in Zebrafish Exposed to Fructose. Zebrafish 2021; 18:184-189. [PMID: 33983041 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone related to circadian rhythms and has potential clinical applications. Our objectives were to verify the effect of melatonin on the liver of zebrafish exposed to fructose and evaluate the expression of appetite-related genes (leptin, ghrelin, and melanocortin receptor 4 [MC4R]). Animals were divided into three groups: control (CG, n = 25), fructose (FG, n = 25), and fructose+melatonin (FMG, n = 25). The study was carried out in 8 weeks. FG and FMG were exposed to 2% fructose and FMG treated with 1 μM of melatonin. Histological liver studies and gene expression analyses of Leptin, Ghrelin, and MC4R (liver and intestines) were performed. FG developed hepatic steatosis, which did not occur with CG and FMG. Genetic expression of hepatic leptin and MC4R did not show significant difference among the groups. Animals exposed to fructose (FG) presented an increased expression of intestinal leptin compared to those administered with melatonin. Animals exposed to fructose gained weight and developed an important hepatic steatosis, but melatonin reduced significantly the hepatic damage. Intestinal leptin showed increased expression in the group exposed to fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Reis Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comportamental e Metabólica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa Experimental em Zebrafish/Biotério, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio Meurer
- Campus Avançado de Jandaia do Sul, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jandaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Themis Reverbel da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Rodriguez C, Martin V, Rosales-Corral S, Zuccari DAPDC, Chuffa LGDA. Part-time cancers and role of melatonin in determining their metabolic phenotype. Life Sci 2021; 278:119597. [PMID: 33974932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This brief review describes the association of the endogenous pineal melatonin rhythm with the metabolic flux of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. It also summarizes new information on the potential mechanisms by which endogenously-produced or exogenously-administered melatonin impacts the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. The evidence indicates that solid tumors may redirect their metabolic phenotype from the pathological Warburg-type metabolism during the day to the healthier mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on a nightly basis. Thus, they function as cancer cells only during the day and as healthier cells at night, that is, they are only part-time cancerous. This switch to oxidative phosphorylation at night causes cancer cells to exhibit a reduced tumor phenotype and less likely to rapidly proliferate or to become invasive or metastatic. Also discussed is the likelihood that some solid tumors are especially aggressive during the day and much less so at night due to the nocturnal rise in melatonin which determines their metabolic state. We further propose that when melatonin is used/tested in clinical trials, a specific treatment paradigm be used that is consistent with the temporal metabolic changes in tumor metabolism. Finally, it seems likely that the concurrent use of melatonin in combination with conventional chemotherapies also would improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martin
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara CP 45150, Mexico
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Ozkalayci F, Kocabas U, Altun BU, Pandi-Perumal S, Altun A. Relationship Between Melatonin and Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e12935. [PMID: 33654615 PMCID: PMC7914336 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coronary atherosclerotic process involves different pathological mechanisms; inflammation is one of the major triggers for the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Although several studies showed the favorable effects of melatonin on the cardiovascular system (CVS), melatonin seems not to take its rightful place in today's clinical practice. This review aims to point out the role of melatonin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its' risk factors. All data were obtained via PubMed, Wikipedia, and Google.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umut Kocabas
- Cardiology, Baskent University Izmir Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | | | | | - Armagan Altun
- Cardiology, Baskent University İstanbul Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Cell Protection and Signaling in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020129. [PMID: 33498316 PMCID: PMC7909293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress in ischemic/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, decreases inflammation, modulates the immune system, inhibits proliferation, counteracts the Warburg effect, and promotes apoptosis in various cancer models. Melatonin stimulates antioxidant enzymes in the cells, protects mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, from oxidation thus preserving integrity of the membranes, affects mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulates activity of respiratory chain enzymes, and decreases the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms of melatonin effects in the cells during normal and pathological conditions and possible melatonin clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Marhuenda J, Villaño D, Arcusa R, Zafrilla P. Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020343. [PMID: 33440795 PMCID: PMC7827953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin. When administered orally, melatonin is mainly absorbed in the rectum and the ileum; it has a half-life of about 0.45–1 h and is extensively inactivated in the liver by phase 2 enzymes. Melatonin (MEL) concentration varies from picograms to ng/mL in fermented beverages such as wine and beer, depending on the fermentation process. These low quantities, within a dietary intake, are enough to reach significant plasma concentrations of melatonin, and are thus able to exert beneficial effects. Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions. These benefits are related to its free radical scavenging properties as well and the direct interaction with melatonin receptors, which are involved in complex intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, among others. In the present review, the current evidence on the effects of melatonin on different pathophysiological conditions is also discussed.
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Ramirez AVG, Filho DR, de Sá LBPC. Melatonin and its Relationships with Diabetes and Obesity: A Literature Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e072620184137. [PMID: 32718296 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200727102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an important clinical entity, causing many public health issues. Around two billion people in the world are overweight and obese. Almost 40% of American adults are obese and Brazil has about 18 million obese people. Nowadays, 415 million people have diabetes, around 1 in every 11 adults. These numbers will rise to 650 million people within 20 years. Melatonin shows a positive profile on the regulation of the metabolism of the human body. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to carry out a broad narrative review of the metabolic profile and associations between melatonin, diabetes and obesity. METHODS Article reviews, systematic reviews, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials in humans recently published were selected and analyzed. A total of 368 articles were collated and submitted to the eligibility analysis. Subsequently, 215 studies were selected to compose the content part of the paper, and 153 studies composed the narrative review. RESULTS Studies suggest a possible role of melatonin in metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies using this hormone in metabolic diseases are still unclear regarding the possible benefit of it. There is so far no consensus about the possible role of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies are necessary to define possible risks and benefits of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V G Ramirez
- Clinic Ana Valeria (CAV)- Clinic of Nutrition and Health Science, Street Antônio José Martins Filho, 300, Sao Jose do Rio Preto SP, 15092-230, Brazil
| | - Durval R Filho
- Associacao Brasileira de Nutrologia (ABRAN)/Brazilian Association of Nutrology, Catanduva/SP, Rua Belo Horizonte, 909 - Centro, Catanduva SP, Brazil
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Yu LM, Dong X, Xue XD, Xu S, Zhang X, Xu YL, Wang ZS, Wang Y, Gao H, Liang YX, Yang Y, Wang HS. Melatonin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy and reduces myocardial vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving mitochondrial quality control: Role of SIRT6. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12698. [PMID: 33016468 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial quality control with melatonin has been found promising for attenuating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Activation of SIRT6 and melatonin membrane receptors exerts cardioprotective effects while little is known about their roles during DCM. Using high-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, we found that prolonged diabetes significantly decreased nocturnal circulatory melatonin and heart melatonin levels, reduced the expressions of cardiac melatonin membrane receptors, and decreased myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT signaling. 16 weeks of melatonin treatment inhibited the progression of DCM and the following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury by reducing mitochondrial fission, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy via re-activating SIRT6 and AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT signaling. After the induction of diabetes, adeno-associated virus carrying SIRT6-specific small hairpin RNA or luzindole was delivered to the animals. We showed that SIRT6 knockdown or antagonizing melatonin receptors abolished the protective effects of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by aggravated mitochondrial fission and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Additionally, SIRT6 shRNA or luzindole inhibited melatonin-induced AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT activation as well as its cardioprotective actions. Collectively, we demonstrated that long-term melatonin treatment attenuated the progression of DCM and reduced myocardial vulnerability to MI/R injury through preserving mitochondrial quality control. Melatonin membrane receptor-mediated SIRT6-AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT axis played a key role in this process. Targeting SIRT6 with melatonin treatment may be a promising strategy for attenuating DCM and reducing myocardial vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Outpatient Department of Liaoning Military Region, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Brendle C, Stefan N, Grams E, Soekler M, la Fougère C, Pfannenberg C. Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21802. [PMID: 33311572 PMCID: PMC7732986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity. We found BAT activity in 12% of all examinations, and the incidence of BAT activity after initially negative examinations was 10%. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of BAT activity was associated with age, body mass index, sex, the season of the examination, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and medication on the beta-receptors. New BAT activity arose more often in patients without preceding lymphoma-related therapy. No specific medication was associated with BAT activity. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential connection of BAT with the metabolic syndrome. Preceding lymphoma-related therapy might have an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendle
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Grams
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Mendes C, Gomes G, Belpiede LT, do Carmo Buonfiglio D, Motta-Teixeira LC, Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight. Life Sci 2020; 265:118769. [PMID: 33309717 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during the dark phase) and 2) melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg melatonin added to the water bottles during the dark phase). Before and after 16 weeks of vehicle or melatonin treatment, control group and melatonin-treated animals were acutely exposed to 18 °C for 2 h for an acute cold challenge and thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera. After 16 weeks, animals were euthanized and brown and beige adipocytes were collected for analysis of genes involved in the thermogenesis process by real-time PCR, and the uncoupling protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Browning intensity of beige adipocytes were quantified by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. KEY FINDINGS Chronic melatonin supplementation induced a minor increase in body mass and increased the animal's thermogenic potential in the cold acute challenge. Brown and beige adipocytes acted in a coordinated and complementary way to ensure adequate heat production. SIGNIFICANCE Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mendes
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gomes
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Science (FCI), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tocci Belpiede
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Eveleens Maarse BC, Loh NY, Karpe F, Rosendaal FR, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Willems van Dijk K, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Christodoulides C, Noordam R. Associations between outdoor temperature and bright sunlight with metabolites in two population-based European cohorts. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2252-2261. [PMID: 32912789 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Outdoor temperature and bright sunlight may directly and/or indirectly modulate systemic metabolism. We assessed the associations between outdoor temperature and bright sunlight duration with metabolomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken in non-diabetic individuals from the Oxford BioBank (OBB; N = 6368; mean age 47.0 years, males 44%) and the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO; N = 5916; mean age 55.6 years, males 43%) study. Data on mean outdoor bright sunlight and temperature were collected from local weather stations in the week prior to blood sampling. Fasting serum levels of 148 metabolites, including 14 lipoprotein subclasses, were measured using NMR spectroscopy. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between mean outdoor temperature and bright sunlight duration with metabolomics adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, season and either outdoor temperature or bright sunlight. A higher mean outdoor temperature was associated with increased serum concentrations of lipoprotein (sub)particles (β (SE) = 0.064 (0.018) SD per 5 °C, p = 5.03e-4) and certain amino acids such as phenylalanine (0.066 (0.016) SD, p = 6.44e-05) and leucine (0.111 (0.018) SD, p = 1.25e-09). In contrast, longer duration of bright sunlight was specifically associated with lower concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (sub)particles (e.g., VLDL cholesterol (-0.024 (0.005) SD per 1-h bright sunlight, p = 8.06e-6)). The direction of effects was generally consistent between the OBB and NEO, although effect sizes were generally larger in the OBB. CONCLUSIONS Increased bright sunlight duration is associated with an improved metabolic profile whilst higher outdoor temperature may adversely impact cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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26
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Sumsuzzman DM, Choi J, Khan ZA, Hong Y. Protective Effects of Melatonin against Severe Burn-Induced Distant Organ Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121196. [PMID: 33261180 PMCID: PMC7760393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive burns result in a local wound response and distant-organ injury (DOI) caused by oxidative-stress and inflammation. Melatonin (MT) shows promise in alleviating oxidative-stress and inflammation, but its role in thermal injury is largely unexplored. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to assess the effects of MT on oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers against severe burn-induced DOI. Mean difference (MD)/standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed-effect/random-effects models. Eighteen experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, MT significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (SMD, −1.03; 95% CI, −1.30, −0.76, p < 0.00001) and 4-hydroxynonenal (MD, −1.06; 95% CI, −1.57, −0.56, p < 0.0001). Additionally, MT increased the levels of glutathione (SMD, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.27, 2.61, p < 0.00001) and superoxide-dismutase (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.08, 1.45, p = 0.03). Finally, MT significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD, −1.34; 95% CI, −1.92 to −0.77; p < 0.00001) and C-reactive protein (MD, −12.67; 95% CI, −16.72 to −8.62; p < 0.00001). Meta-analysis indicates that severe burn followed by immediate MT (10 mg/kg) intervention shows significant beneficial effects after 24-h against DOI by regulating oxidative-stress and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (D.M.S.); (J.C.)
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (D.M.S.); (J.C.)
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea; (D.M.S.); (J.C.)
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-320-3681; Fax: +82-55-329-1678
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27
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Melatonin regulates Aβ production/clearance balance and Aβ neurotoxicity: A potential therapeutic molecule for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110887. [PMID: 33254429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple predisposing factors and complicated pathogenesis. Aβ peptide is one of the most important pathogenic factors in the etiology of AD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the imbalance of Aβ production and Aβ clearance in the brain of AD patients leads to Aβ deposition and neurotoxic Aβ oligomer formation. Melatonin shows a potent neuroprotective effect and can prevent or slow down the progression of AD, supporting the view that melatonin is a potential therapeutic molecule for AD. Melatonin modulates the regulatory network of secretase expression and affects the function of secretase, thereby inhibiting amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ production. Additionally, melatonin ameliorates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and probably promotes Aβ clearance through glymphatic-lymphatic drainage, BBB transportation and degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of melatonin against Aβ-dependent AD pathogenesis. We explore the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of melatonin on Aβ production and assembly, Aβ clearance, Aβ neurotoxicity and circadian cycle disruption. We summarize multiple clinical trials of melatonin treatment in AD patients, showing that melatonin has a promising effect on improving sleep quality and cognitive function. This review aims to stimulate further research on melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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28
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Genario R, Cipolla-Neto J, Bueno AA, Santos HO. Melatonin supplementation in the management of obesity and obesity-associated disorders: A review of physiological mechanisms and clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105254. [PMID: 33080320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evolving advances in clinical approaches to obesity and its inherent comorbidities, the therapeutic challenge persists. Among several pharmacological tools already investigated, recent studies suggest that melatonin supplementation could be an efficient therapeutic approach in the context of obesity. In the present review, we have amalgamated the evidence so far available on physiological effects of melatonin supplementation in obesity therapies, addressing its effects upon neuroendocrine systems, cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition. Most studies herein appraised employed melatonin supplementation at dosages ranging from 1 to 20 mg/day, and most studies followed up participants for periods from 3 weeks to 12 months. Overall, it was observed that melatonin plays an important role in glycaemic homeostasis, in addition to modulation of white adipose tissue activity and lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Additionally, melatonin increases brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated. There appears to be a role for melatonin in adiposity reduction; however, several questions remain unanswered, for example melatonin baseline levels in obesity, and whether any seeming hypomelatonaemia or melatonin irresponsiveness could be clarifying factors. Supplementation dosage studies and more thorough clinical trials are needed to ascertain not only the relevance of such findings but also the efficacy of melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allain A Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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29
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Alves ÉR, Ferreira CGM, Silva MVD, Vieira Filho LD, Silva Junior VAD, Melo IMFD, Neto CJCL, Santos LCDS, Teixeira ÁAC, Wanderley Teixeira V. Protective action of melatonin on diabetic rat testis at cellular, hormonal and immunohistochemical levels. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151559. [PMID: 32622427 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of melatonin treatment on diabetic rat testes. Fifty albino rats were divided into the following groups: CG: control group; GD: placebo-induced and placebo-treated mice; GDI: insulin-induced and post-confirmation diabetes-induced rats; GDM: diabetes-induced and melatonin-treated post-confirmation mice and GDMS: diabetes-induced and melatonin-treated mice simultaneously. Melatonin was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg in drinking water every day for 20 days at night. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and confirmed after the fifth day of induction. Insulin was administered at 5 IU (international units)/day at different times of the day for 20 days. The testes were submitted to histopathological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and oxidative stress analysis. Melatonin moderately decreased glycemic levels, protected weight loss and morphometric changes in the testicles, increased antioxidant enzyme levels and stabilized plasma testosterone and androgen receptor levels and decreased inflammatory markers in the testicles. Showing its potential to mitigate diabetes effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érique Ricardo Alves
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Recife CEP 52171-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Vanessa da Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Recife CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Leucio Duarte Vieira Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Biological Sciences, Recife Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laís Caroline da Silva Santos
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Recife CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Recife CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Recife CEP 52171-900, Brazil
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30
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Kim JH, Lyu YS, Kim SY. Impact of Social Jetlag on Weight Change in Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124383. [PMID: 32570840 PMCID: PMC7344837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social jetlag, the circadian misalignment reflecting the discrepancy between the circadian clock and social clock, has been implicated in weight-related issues. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between social jetlag and body weight change among adults in a large, nationally representative general population. This study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 2016–2017 by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Of the 16,277 participants, data from 8295 adults were included in the analysis. Men with social jetlag > 2 h had a significantly higher risk of weight gain (odd ratios (OR): 1.787; 95% confident interval (CI): 1.192–2.679) than those with social jetlag < 1 h, after adjustment for age, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, chronic disease, obesity and average sleep duration. Women with weight gain had a higher social jetlag (>2 h), and women with social jetlag > 2 h had a higher proportion of weight gain. However, we did not find a significant association of social jetlag with weight gain after adjusting for confounding factors in women. There was no significant association between social jetlag and weight loss in men and women. Higher social jetlag was independently associated with an increased risk of weight gain in men. We propose that social jetlag may contribute to the obesogenic tendency in men, and that there is a potential for body weight to be managed with a circadian approach.
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31
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Sato K, Meng F, Francis H, Wu N, Chen L, Kennedy L, Zhou T, Franchitto A, Onori P, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Melatonin and circadian rhythms in liver diseases: Functional roles and potential therapies. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12639. [PMID: 32061110 PMCID: PMC8682809 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and clock gene expressions are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland. Although the brain detects the light through retinas and regulates rhythms and melatonin secretion throughout the body, the liver has independent circadian rhythms and expressions as well as melatonin production. Previous studies indicate the association between circadian rhythms with various liver diseases, and disruption of rhythms or clock gene expression may promote liver steatosis, inflammation, or cancer development. It is well known that melatonin has strong antioxidant effects. Alcohol drinking or excess fatty acid accumulation produces reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the liver leading to liver injuries. Melatonin administration protects these oxidative stress-induced liver damage and improves liver conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin administration is not limited to antioxidant effects and it has various other effects contributing to the management of liver conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that restoring circadian rhythms or expressions as well as melatonin supplementation may be promising therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. This review summarizes recent findings for the functional roles and therapeutic potentials of circadian rhythms and melatonin in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | | | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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32
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Xu Z, You W, Liu J, Wang Y, Shan T. Elucidating the Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Brown, White, and Beige Adipocytes. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:447-460. [PMID: 31355852 PMCID: PMC7442421 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases has heightened the importance of understanding control of adipose tissue development and energy metabolism. In mammals, 3 types of adipocytes with different characteristics and origins have been identified: white, brown, and beige. Beige and brown adipocytes contain numerous mitochondria and have the capability to burn energy and counteract obesity, while white adipocytes store energy and are closely associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Thus, regulation of the development and function of different adipocytes is important for controlling energy balance and combating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, which plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation, blood pressure, insulin actions, and energy metabolism. This article summarizes and discusses the role of melatonin in white, beige, and brown adipocytes, especially in affecting adipogenesis, inducing beige formation or white adipose tissue browning, enhancing brown adipose tissue mass and activities, improving anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, regulating adipokine secretion, and preventing body weight gain. Based on the current findings, melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent to control energy metabolism, adipogenesis, fat deposition, adiposity, and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China; and Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China,Address correspondence to TS (E-mail: )
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Campos LA, Bueno C, Barcelos IP, Halpern B, Brito LC, Amaral FG, Baltatu OC, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin Therapy Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Pinealectomized Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32431667 PMCID: PMC7213221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigational study was to assess the effects of melatonin replacement therapy on cardiac autonomic modulation in pinealectomized patients. This was an open-label, single-arm, single-center, proof-of-concept study consisting of a screening period, a 3-month treatment period with melatonin (3 mg/day), and a 6-month washout period. The cardiac autonomic function was determined through heart rate variability (HRV) measures during polysomnography. Pinealectomized patients (n = 5) with confirmed absence of melatonin were included in this study. Melatonin treatment increased vagal-dominated HRV indices including root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (39.7 ms, 95% CI 2.0-77.4, p = 0.04), percentage of successive R-R intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) (17.1%, 95% CI 9.1-25.1, p = 0.003), absolute power of the high-frequency band (HF power) (1,390 ms2, 95% CI 511.9-2,267, p = 0.01), and sympathetic HRV indices like standard deviation of normal R-R wave interval (SDNN) (57.6 ms, 95% CI 15.2-100.0, p = 0.02), and absolute power of the low-frequency band (LF power) (4,592 ms2, 95% CI 895.6-8,288, p = 0.03). These HRV indices returned to pretreatment values when melatonin treatment was discontinued. The HRV entropy-based regularity parameters were not altered in this study, suggesting that there were no significant alterations of the REM-NREM ratios between the time stages of the study. These data show that 3 months of melatonin treatment may induce an improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation in melatonin-non-proficient patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03885258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Aparecida Campos
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE) at São José dos Campos Technology Park, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Laureate International Universities, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Clarissa Bueno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella P. Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Brito
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE) at São José dos Campos Technology Park, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Laureate International Universities, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- José Cipolla-Neto
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Halpern B, Mancini MC, Mendes C, Machado CML, Prando S, Sapienza MT, Buchpiguel CA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Melatonin deficiency decreases brown adipose tissue acute thermogenic capacity of in rats measured by 18F-FDG PET. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:82. [PMID: 32973928 PMCID: PMC7504678 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin has been shown to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, which can lead to important metabolic effects, such as bodyweight reduction and glycemic improvement. However, BAT mass can only be measured invasively and. The gold standard for non-invasive measurement of BAT activity is positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There is no study, to our knowledge, that has evaluated if melatonin influences BAT activity, measured by this imaging technique in animals. METHODS Three experimental groups of Wistar rats (control, pinealectomy, and pinealectomy replaced with melatonin) had an 18F-FDG PET performed at room temperature and after acute cold exposure. The ratio of increased BAT activity after cold exposure/room temperature was called "acute thermogenic capacity" (ATC) We also measured UCP-1 mRNA expression to correlate with the 18F-FDG PET results. RESULTS Pinealectomy led to reduced acute thermogenic capacity, compared with the other groups, as well as reduced UCP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Melatonin deficiency impairs BAT response when exposed to acute cold exposure. These results can lead to future studies of the influence of melatonin on BAT, in animals and humans, without needing an invasive evaluation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Mancini
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mendes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maria Longo Machado
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Prando
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Institute, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Farias TDSMD, Paixao RID, Cruz MM, de Sa RDCDC, Simão JDJ, Antraco VJ, Alonso-Vale MIC. Melatonin Supplementation Attenuates the Pro-Inflammatory Adipokines Expression in Visceral Fat from Obese Mice Induced by A High-Fat Diet. Cells 2019; 8:E1041. [PMID: 31489938 PMCID: PMC6770101 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissue that results from the exacerbated consumption of calories associated with low energy expenditure. Fat accumulation in both adipose tissue and other organs contributes to a systemic inflammation leading to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and improves inflammatory processes and energy metabolism. Using male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD-59% fat from lard and soybean oil; 9:1) as an obesity model, we investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on the prevention of obesity-associated complications through an analysis of plasma biochemical profile, body and fat depots mass, adipocytes size and inflammatory cytokines expression in epididymal (EPI) adipose depot. Melatonin prevented a gain of body weight and fat depot mass as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Melatonin also reversed the increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. In addition, this neurohormone was effective in completely decreasing the inflammatory cytokines leptin and resistin in plasma. In the EPI depot, melatonin reversed the increase of leptin, Il-6, Mcp-1 and Tnf-α triggered by obesity. These data allow us to infer that melatonin presents an anti-obesity effect since it acts to prevent the progression of pro-inflammatory markers in the epididymal adipose tissue together with a reduction in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita da Silva Mendes de Farias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
| | - Regislane Ino da Paixao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
| | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
| | | | - Jussara de Jesus Simão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Jaco Antraco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-130, Brazil.
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The Mystery behind the Pineal Gland: Melatonin Affects the Metabolism of Cholesterol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4531865. [PMID: 31360294 PMCID: PMC6652030 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4531865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin may be considered a cardioprotective agent. Since atherogenesis is partly associated with the metabolism of lipoproteins, it seems plausible that melatonin affects cardiovascular risk by modulating the metabolism of cholesterol and its subfractions. Moreover, cholesterol-driven atherogenesis can be hypothetically reduced by melatonin, mainly due to the minimalization of harmful reactions triggered in the cardiovascular system by the reactive oxygen species-induced toxic derivatives of cholesterol. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available data on the hypolipemizing effects of melatonin, with some emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying these reactions. We aimed to attract readers' attention to the numerous gaps of knowledge present in the reviewed field and the essential irrelevance between the findings originating from different sources: clinical observations and in vitro mechanistic and molecular studies, as well as preclinical experiments involving animal models. Overall, such inconsistencies make it currently impossible to give a reliable opinion on the action of melatonin on the metabolism of lipoproteins.
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Amaral FGD, Andrade-Silva J, Kuwabara WMT, Cipolla-Neto J. New insights into the function of melatonin and its role in metabolic disturbances. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:293-300. [PMID: 31192707 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1631158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is a pineal hormone that has acquired several unique modes of regulating the physiological effects in mammals due to its characteristic phylogenetic history. While melatonin exhibits immediate nocturnal effects, it also has next-day prospective effects that take place in the absence of this hormone. Besides that, the daily repetition and the annual variation in the duration of its synthesis determine its circadian and seasonal effects that characterize melatonin as a chronobiotic, a molecule that encodes time to the internal environment. Additionally, it presents transgenerational effects that are important for fetal programming, leading to a balanced energy metabolism in the adult life. AREAS COVERED Physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic value of melatonin in metabolism and metabolic disorders. EXPERT OPINION The typical mechanisms of action of melatonin (immediate, prospective, chronobiotic and transgenerational) should be considered to adequately understand its physiological effects on the regulation of metabolism in humans and, as a result, to understand the metabolic pathophysiological consequences caused by its synthesis and/or signaling disturbances. That points to the importance of a broader understanding of melatonin actions, besides the classical endocrinological point of view, that would allow the clinician/research to proper interpret its role in health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jéssica Andrade-Silva
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wilson M T Kuwabara
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Kalmykova O, Dzerzhynsky M. The effects of melatonin administration in different times of day on the brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.55-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (area of nucleus, brown adipocytes and also area and number of lipid droplets in each cells, general optical density of tissue) of brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie (high fat) dietinduced obesity after melatonin administration in different time of the day (morning and evening). Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg either 1 h after lights-on (ZT01) or 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Besides morphometric parameters as well were measured related visceral fat weight and related brown adipose tissue mass. Rats with HCD had huge changes in brown adipocytes morphology, which summarized in become resembles of classical white adipocytes: grown lipid droplets and cells area, but goes down lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue. In general brown adipose tissue with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly thermoproduction function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in groups HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 we obtain decreased cells and lipid droplets area, increased lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue, in relation to group HCD. Therese received changes has evidence about functionally active brown adipose tissue state, which can also dissipate of exceed energy (lipids – triacylglycerols) amount into whole organism during heat production for avoid to its storage in white adipose tissue and in outside adipose tissue. In addition, evening administration of melatonin (group HCD ZT11) demonstrate more activated state of brown adipose tissueand also related visceral weight gain less, than morning(group HCD ZT01). In conclusions, melatonin influence on morpho-functional state brown adipose tissue in rats with HCD, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on activate brown adipocytes.
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