1
|
Xu C, Wen S, Gong M, Dong M, Yuan Y, Li Y, Zhou M, Zhou L. The Implication of Elevated Serum Myoglobin Level in Acute Diabetic Complications of Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State: A Real-World Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2639-2653. [PMID: 38974952 PMCID: PMC11225959 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s465311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the implications of elevated myoglobin (MYO) in acute diabetic conditions of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Materials and methods This study integrates in-patient data from Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Laboratory data were compared between stable T2D patients (without acute diabetic complications), DKA, and HHS patients. The multilinear regression explored variables relevant to the elevated MYO in DKA and HHS. The dynamics of MYO, the survival rate, and associated risk factors in HHS were determined. Results Except for triglyceride, procalcitonin, low-density lipoprotein, islet cell autoimmune antibodies, N-terminal Pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), there were significant differences in age, gender distribution, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, and other referred laboratory data (p<0.05). The age, gender, creatine kinase (CK), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in DKA, whereas osmolar, uric acid (UA), and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) in the HHS, were significant determinants of elevated MYO, respectively (p<0.05). The dynamic of MYO in HHS was in line with the survival trend, where the percentage of death was 29.73%, and aging with higher procalcitonin levels was a key risk factor. Besides, the cumulative survival rates between patients with or without bone fracture or muscle injury were substantially different. Conclusion This real-world study demonstrated DKA and HHS potentially have unique causes for increased MYO. By utilizing the appropriate regression parameters, we could forecast the progression of increased MYO in groups of DKA and HHS, while based on risk factors of aging, severity of infection, and different MYO sources, we could predict the prognosis of HHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyuan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Clinical Research OB/GYN REI Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050013, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, Fadini GP, Galindo RJ, Hirsch IB, Klonoff DC, McCoy RG, Misra S, Gabbay RA, Bannuru RR, Dhatariya KK. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8. [PMID: 38907161 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) and Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a panel of internists and diabetologists to update the ADA consensus statement on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, published in 2001 and last updated in 2009. The objective of this consensus report is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in adults. A systematic examination of publications since 2009 informed new recommendations. The target audience is the full spectrum of diabetes healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Georgia M Davis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nuha A ElSayed
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodolfo J Galindo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Rozalina G McCoy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivani Misra
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert A Gabbay
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ketan K Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zarse E, Knoll MM, Halpin K, Thompson M, Williams DD, Tallon EM, Kallanagowdar G, Tsai S. Recognizing Complications in Youth With Diabetes Admitted With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Versus Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State. J Pediatr Health Care 2024:S0891-5245(23)00374-7. [PMID: 38888521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compare in-hospital complications in youth with isolated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to youth with hyperosmolarity. METHOD We reviewed medical records of youth (1-20 years) admitted over two years with DKA, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), and hyperosmolar DKA. We evaluated outcomes, including hospital length of stay, altered mental status (AMS), and acute kidney injury (AKI). RESULTS Of 369 admissions, 334 had isolated DKA, 32 had hyperosmolar DKA, and three had isolated HHS. Hyperosmolar youth had longer length of stay, larger initial fluid boluses, more frequent pediatric intensive care unit admissions, and increased risk of AKI and AMS. The odds of AKI were positively associated with serum osmolality and negatively associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with established DM. CONCLUSIONS In youth with DM, hyperosmolarity increases acute complications compared with isolated DKA. Larger-scale studies are needed to identify ways to prevent acute complications in youth experiencing hyperglycemic emergencies.
Collapse
|
4
|
He R, Zhang K, Li H, Fu S, Chen Z, Gu M. Impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on in-hospital mortality of patients with hyperglycemic crises: A propensity score matching analysis. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38713640 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and in-hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycemic crises. METHOD This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from electric medical records. A total of 1668 diabetic patients with hyperglycemic crises from six tertiary hospitals met the inclusion criteria. CCI < 4 was defined as low CCI and CCI ≥ 4 was defined as high CCI. Propensity score matching (PSM) with the 1:1 nearest neighbour matching method and the caliper value of 0.02 was used to match the baseline characteristics of patients with high CCI and low CCI to reduce the confounding bias. In-hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, acute kidney injury, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalisation expense between low CCI and high CCI were compared and assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression were applied to estimate the impact of CCI on in-hospital and other clinical outcomes. OUTCOME One hundred twenty-one hyperglycemic crisis (HC) patients died with a mortality rate of 7.3%. After PSM, compared with low CCI, patients with high CCI suffered higher in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, LOS, and hospitalisation expenses. After multivariate regression, age (aOR: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.18, p < 0.001), CCI(aOR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.56-12.53, p = 0.005), uninsured (aOR: 22.32, 95% CI: 4.26-116.94, p < 0.001), shock (aOR: 10.57, 95% CI: 1.41-79.09, p = 0.022), mechanical ventilation (aOR: 75.29, 95% CI: 12.37-458.28, p < 0.001), and hypertension (aOR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.37-13.82, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality of HC patients. Besides, high CCI was an independent risk factor for higher ICU Admission (aOR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.31-15.08, p < 0.001), hypoglycemia (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI:1.01-4.08, p = 0.049), longer LOS (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19-2.27, p = 0.021), and higher hospitalisation expense (aOR: 2089.97, 95% CI: 193.33-3988.61, p = 0.031) of HC patients. CONCLUSION CCI is associated with in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, LOS, and hospitalisation expense of HC patients. CCI could be an ideal indicator to identify, monitor, and manage chronic comorbidities among HC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manping Gu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pyronneau A, Noronha K, Zucker A, Kennett R, Desai P. Cemiplimab-Induced Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State With Concurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient Receiving Treatment for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e60565. [PMID: 38764707 PMCID: PMC11102348 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cemiplimab is a human monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy. Although cemiplimab shows excellent efficacy with a good tolerability profile, it can cause side effects, including potentially life-threatening endocrinopathies. We discuss the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian female with CSCC treated with only three cycles of cemiplimab who presented with altered mental status and was found to have severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, ketonemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria concerning for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) with concurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient made a rapid recovery in the hospital while on standard therapies for HHS/DKA and cemiplimab was discontinued upon discharge. While there have been reports of cemiplimab-induced DKA, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cemiplimab-induced HHS-DKA. This report aims to shed light on cemiplimab-induced HHS-DKA and to underscore the need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pyronneau
- Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Trinity Hospital, Trinity, USA
| | - Kelvin Noronha
- Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Trinity Hospital, Trinity, USA
| | - Amanda Zucker
- Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Trinity Hospital, Trinity, USA
| | - Rachel Kennett
- Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Trinity Hospital, Trinity, USA
| | - Parth Desai
- Critical Care Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Trinity Hospital, Trinity, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
González-Vidal T, Lambert C, García AV, Villa-Fernández E, Pujante P, Ares-Blanco J, Menéndez Torre E, Delgado-Álvarez E. Hypoglycemia during hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crises is associated with long-term mortality. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:83. [PMID: 38594758 PMCID: PMC11005231 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has indicated that hypoglycemia during hospitalization is a predictor of unfavorable outcomes in patients with diabetes. However, no studies have examined the long-term impact of hypoglycemia in adults admitted for hyperglycemic crises. The study was aimed to investigate the long-term implications of hypoglycemia during hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crises, particularly in terms of all-cause mortality. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 170 patients (82 men [48.2%], median age 72 years) admitted to a university hospital for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crises, including pure hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states and hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidoses. We separately investigated the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia on mortality during the initial intravenous insulin therapy phase and during the later subcutaneous insulin therapy phase, both during hospitalization and in the long term (median follow-up, 652 days; range 2-3460 days). RESULTS Both hypoglycemia during the initial intravenous insulin therapy phase (observed in 26.5% of patients) and hypoglycemia during the later subcutaneous insulin therapy phase (observed in 52.7% of patients) were associated with long-term mortality. After adjusting for potential confounders, hypoglycemia during the initial intravenous insulin therapy phase remained associated with mortality (hazard ratio 2.10, 95% CI 1.27-3.46, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Hypoglycemia during hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crises is a marker of long-term mortality, especially when it occurs during the initial intravenous insulin therapy phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González-Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elsa Villa-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Pujante
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Ares-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias/University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wagner B, Ing TS, Roumelioti ME, Sam R, Argyropoulos CP, Lew SQ, Unruh ML, Dorin RI, Degnan JH, Tzamaloukas AH. Hypernatremia in Hyperglycemia: Clinical Features and Relationship to Fractional Changes in Body Water and Monovalent Cations during Its Development. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1957. [PMID: 38610721 PMCID: PMC11012913 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In hyperglycemia, the serum sodium concentration ([Na]S) receives influences from (a) the fluid exit from the intracellular compartment and thirst, which cause [Na]S decreases; (b) osmotic diuresis with sums of the urinary sodium plus potassium concentration lower than the baseline euglycemic [Na]S, which results in a [Na]S increase; and (c), in some cases, gains or losses of fluid, sodium, and potassium through the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, and the skin. Hyperglycemic patients with hypernatremia have large deficits of body water and usually hypovolemia and develop severe clinical manifestations and significant mortality. To assist with the correction of both the severe dehydration and the hypovolemia, we developed formulas computing the fractional losses of the body water and monovalent cations in hyperglycemia. The formulas estimate varying losses between patients with the same serum glucose concentration ([Glu]S) and [Na]S but with different sums of monovalent cation concentrations in the lost fluids. Among subjects with the same [Glu]S and [Na]S, those with higher monovalent cation concentrations in the fluids lost have higher fractional losses of body water. The sum of the monovalent cation concentrations in the lost fluids should be considered when computing the volume and composition of the fluid replacement for hyperglycemic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA; (B.W.); (M.-E.R.); (C.P.A.)
- Kidney Institute of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
- Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Todd S. Ing
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Maria-Eleni Roumelioti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA; (B.W.); (M.-E.R.); (C.P.A.)
| | - Ramin Sam
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California in San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
| | - Christos P. Argyropoulos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA; (B.W.); (M.-E.R.); (C.P.A.)
| | - Susie Q. Lew
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Mark L. Unruh
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA;
| | - Richard I. Dorin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - James H. Degnan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Antonios H. Tzamaloukas
- Research Service, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng C, Xie Y, Li J, Jiang H, Niu X, Yan D, Su H, Kuang H, Tian L, Liu J, Jiang S, Quan H, Xu J, Wu X, Tao N, Sun S, Tang X, Chen Y, Fan L, Li X, Zhou Z. Care, control and complications of hospitalised patients with type 1 diabetes in China: A nationwide-based registry study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3796. [PMID: 38529788 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the status quo of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and characteristics of hospitalised patients with T1D in China through a nationwide multicentre registry study, the China Diabetes Type 1 Study (CD1S). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data from the electronic hospital records of all people with T1D were retrospectively collected in 13 tertiary hospitals across 7 regions of China from January 2016 to December 2021. Patients were defined as newly diagnosed who received a diagnosis of diabetes for less than 3 months. RESULTS Among the 4993 people with T1D, the median age (range) at diagnosis was 23.0 (1.0-87.0) years and the median disease duration was 2.0 years. The median haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 10.7%. The prevalence of obesity, overweight, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 2.5%, 10.8%, 62.5% and 25.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset was 41.1%, with the highest in children <10 years of age (50.6%). In patients not newly diagnosed, 60.7% were diagnosed with at least one chronic diabetic complication, with the highest proportion (45.3%) of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Chronic complications were detected in 79.2% of people with T1D duration ≥10 years. CONCLUSIONS In the most recent years, there were still unsatisfactory metabolic control and high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis as well as chronic diabetic complications among inpatients with T1D in China. The ongoing CD1S prospective study aims to improve the quality of T1D management nationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shenzhen Center for Diabetes Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Shuguang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koneshamoorthy A, Epa DS, O'Neal DN, Lee MH, Santamaria JD, MacIsaac RJ. Outcomes associated with a variable rate insulin infusion diabetic ketoacidosis protocol. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108702. [PMID: 38387103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To relate adverse events with glucose correction rates in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) using variable rate intravenous insulin-infusions (VRIII). METHODS Retrospective, observational study in adults with DKA who received insulin infusions between 2012 and 2017 at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne. Early correction of hyperglycaemia (<10 mmol/L) was evaluated for association with hypoglycaemia (<4.0 mmol/L), hypokalaemia (potassium <3.3 mmol/L) and clinical outcomes via regression analysis. RESULTS The study involved 97 patients, with 93 % having type 1 diabetes. The mean age was 38 years, 47 % were women and 35 % were admitted to intensive care. Hypoglycaemia rates during 12 and 24 h of treatment were 6.2 % and 8.2 %, respectively with 58 % of patients recording their first BGL <10 mmol/L within 12 h and 88 % within 24 h. Ketone clearance time averaged at 15.6 h. Hyperglycaemia correction rates to <10 mmol/L were not different in those with/without hypoglycaemia at 12/24 h, in multivariate analysis including admission BGL. Hypokalaemia occurred in 40.2 % of patients and was associated with lower pH but not BGL correction rates. CONCLUSION The VRIII protocol achieved early hyperglycaemia correction and ketoacidosis reversal with low hypoglycaemia risk. However, high hypokalaemia rates suggest the need for aggressive potassium replacement, especially in markedly acidotic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anojian Koneshamoorthy
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | - Dilan Seneviratne Epa
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - John D Santamaria
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Critical Care Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosager EV, Heltø ALK, Fox Maule CU, Friis-Hansen L, Petersen J, Nielsen FE, Haugaard SB, Gregersen R. Incidence and Characteristics of the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Danish Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:272-279. [PMID: 38085699 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a rare and life-threatening complication of diabetes. We aimed to estimate the incidence of HHS and describe the clinical and biomarker profiles of patients with HHS, including subgroups with acidosis and acute kidney injury. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This nationwide, descriptive cohort study used Danish registry data during years 2016-2018 to identify acutely admitted patients fulfilling the hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity criteria of HHS (glucose ≥33 mmol/L and osmolarity [2 × sodium + glucose] ≥320 mmol/L). RESULTS We identified 634 patients (median age, 69 years (first quartile; third quartile: 58; 79) who met the criteria of HHS among 4.80 million inhabitants aged ≥18 years. The incidence rates were 16.5 and 3.9 per 10,000 person-years among people with known type 1 (n = 24,196) and type 2 (n = 251,357) diabetes, respectively. Thirty-two percent of patients with HHS were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Patients were categorized as pure HHS (n = 394) and combined HHS and diabetic ketoacidosis (HHS-DKA; n = 240). The in-hospital mortality rate for pure HHS was 17% and 9% for HHS-DKA. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of HHS was higher among patients with type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. HHS is a spectrum of hyperglycemic crises and can be divided in pure HHS and HHS-DKA. In one-third of patients, HHS was the debut of their diabetes diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie V Rosager
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalia Lærke K Heltø
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine U Fox Maule
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne Petersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn E Nielsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen B Haugaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Gregersen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Francis-Morel G, Guevara-Rodriguez N, Portillo-Canales S, Arias Morales CE, Sotello D. The "July effect" on patients admitted with diabetes ketoacidosis: a national retrospective cohort study. Proc AMIA Symp 2024; 37:450-457. [PMID: 38628343 PMCID: PMC11018014 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2024.2307833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Every July, new residents begin training across the United States, but it is unclear whether this affects the mortality rate of critically ill patients such as those with diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods This national retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18 years or older admitted to acute care with DKA between 2016 and 2020. Data were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample Database. We compared patients admitted in July and August with those admitted during the remaining months and assessed the primary endpoint of all-cause inpatient mortality. We also obtained an odds ratio adjusted for confounders using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay, total hospital charges, the crude rate of mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, and vasopressor requirement. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. A two-tailed P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the 269,095 hospitalizations identified over 5 years with a discharge diagnosis of DKA, 250,990 met the inclusion criteria. During July and August, 42,668 (17%) hospitalizations occurred, and 208,322 (83%) occurred during the remaining months. The mean age of the patients was 47 years, and there was no significant difference among the cohorts (P = 0.41). Female patients represented 54% of the total patients, and there was no difference between the cohorts (P = 0.68). Of the admitted patients, 61% were White, 21% were Black, and 11% were Hispanic, with no differences between the cohorts (P = 0.38). Medicare (35%) and Medicaid (30%) were the primary payers for most patients, and approximately 25% had private insurance. There were no differences between the cohorts in terms of primary payers (P = 0.49). The mean length of stay was 7 days, and the total hospitalization cost was $85,509. Admission in July or August did not increase the odds of inpatient mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.96, P = 0.58). Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study of patients admitted with DKA, inpatient care during July and August did not increase the odds of inpatient mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garry Francis-Morel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Shellsea Portillo-Canales
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - David Sotello
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, CoxHealth, Branson, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ihara Y, Sawa K, Imai T, Nonomiya Y, Shimomura Y, Ishihara A, Shintani A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Is Associated with Improved Survival in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Occurring in Patients with Autoimmune Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:454-461. [PMID: 38382998 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, clinical trials often exclude those with a history of autoimmune diseases (ADs) because of concerns regarding immune-related adverse events. Therefore, the efficacy of ICIs in advanced NSCLC patients with ADs should be evaluated. This study used administrative claims data from advanced treatment centers in Japan and identified patients with advanced NSCLC who began chemotherapy between December 2016 and January 2023. The patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of ADs and types of chemotherapy received. The association between ICI therapy and overall survival in the subgroups with or without ADs, and the association between the presence of AD and overall survival in patients who received ICI therapy and conventional chemotherapy, were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression, including therapy and presence of ADs and their interaction as covariates. These results were obtained using the inverse probability of treatment weighting. ICI therapy had a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for death in the subgroup of AD and non-AD patients of 0.88 (0.84-0.92) and 0.83 (0.71-0.97), respectively (p = 0.459 for interaction). For some specific ADs, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, the association between ICI therapy and decreased mortality was not observed. In conclusion, our study showed comparable associations between ICI therapy and reduced mortality in AD and non-AD subgroups of patients with advanced NSCLC. However, therapy strategies tailored to each AD type and thorough discussions regarding the risk-benefit profile are crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Ihara
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Kenji Sawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Takumi Imai
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Yuta Nonomiya
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Yuki Shimomura
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Asahi Ishihara
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Atemnkeng F, Aguilar F, Gupta S, Chugh S, Klein M. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Enfortumab Vedotin for Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100737. [PMID: 38028029 PMCID: PMC10651765 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enfortumab vedotin is a novel breakthrough therapy that received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2019 for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have failed other lines of treatment. The characteristics of its adverse effects are not well understood. Diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported in 2 postmarketing reports presented as abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society Conference and the 2021 American Society of Nephrology Conference. Both cases progressed rapidly and expired in <3 days. We present a similar case of a man in his late 50s with no history of diabetes who was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma 2 years prior. Despite several lines of treatment, including platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, he developed metastasis and was started on enfortumab vedotin. After his second dose of enfortumab vedotin, he was admitted to the intensive care unit for diabetic ketoacidosis with an initial A1C level of 7.7%. He was intubated for airway protection, started on pressors, and developed oliguric acute kidney injury requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died on hospital day 2. The lethality of this aggressive diabetic ketoacidosis despite therapy suggests some other effect of enfortumab vedotin on glucose metabolism in addition to insulin resistance and the need for prior diabetes screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Atemnkeng
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Fatima Aguilar
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Savneek Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Michael Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Healy AM, Faherty M, Khan Z, Emara N, Carter C, Scheidemantel A, Abu-Jubara M, Young R. Diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis in a hospital setting. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:499-503. [PMID: 37406169 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an endocrine emergency that can occur in people with diabetes. Its incidence is estimated to be 220,340 hospital admissions each year. Treatment algorithms include fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) insulin infusion, and scheduled electrolyte and glucose monitoring. The misdiagnosis of DKA in the setting of hyperglycemic emergencies results in overtreatment and unnecessary increases in healthcare utilization and costs. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine how often DKA is overdiagnosed in the context of other acute hyperglycemic emergencies, to describe the baseline characteristics of patients, to determine the hospital treatments for DKA, and to identify the frequency of endocrinology or diabetology consultation in the hospital setting. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted utilizing charts from three different hospitals within a hospital system. Charts were identified utilizing ICD-10 codes for admissions to the hospital for DKA. If the patient was over 18 and had one of the diagnostic codes of interest, the chart was reviewed for further details regarding the criteria for DKA diagnosis as well as admission and treatment details. RESULTS A total of 520 hospital admissions were included for review. DKA was incorrectly diagnosed in 28.4 % of the hospital admissions reviewed, based on a review of the labs and DKA diagnostic criteria. Most patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with IV insulin infusion (n=288). Consultation of endocrinology or diabetology occurred in 40.2 % (n=209) of all hospital admissions, and 128 of those consults occurred in ICU admissions. The diagnosis of DKA was incorrect in 92 of the patients admitted to the medical surgical unit (MSU) and in 49 of patients admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS Almost one third of hospital admissions for hyperglycemic emergencies were misdiagnosed and managed as DKA. DKA diagnostic criteria are specific; however, other diagnoses like hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS), hyperglycemia, and euglycemic DKA can make an accurate diagnosis more complicated. Education directed at improving the diagnostic accuracy of DKA among healthcare providers is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy, ensure the appropriate use of hospital resources, and potentially reduce costs to the healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Healy
- Ohio Health Physician Group Heritage College Diabetes and Endocrinology, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Zeryab Khan
- Ohio Health Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Cody Carter
- Ohio Health Doctors Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khiatah B, Frugoli A, Carlson D. The Clinical Caveat for Treating Persistent Hypokalemia in Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e42272. [PMID: 37605707 PMCID: PMC10440153 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical community seeks to provide evidence-based guidelines for treating any disease to ensure optimal care delivery. Occasionally, a patient's unique physiology does not respond to guideline-driven treatments and requires experienced clinical personalization for treatment. Failure of clinicians to recognize patient outliers and augment care can delay treatment, provide substandard care, and potentially threaten a patient's life. This paper describes a clinical caveat for treating profound or persistent hypokalemia in patients with DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Khiatah
- Internal Medicine, Overlake Medical Center, Bellevue, USA
| | - Amanda Frugoli
- Pacific Inpatient Physicians, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, USA
- Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, USA
| | - Deborah Carlson
- Graduate Medical Education, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, USA
- Internal Medicine, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khan AA, Ata F, Iqbal P, Bashir M, Kartha A. Clinical and biochemical predictors of intensive care unit admission among patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:271-278. [PMID: 37035234 PMCID: PMC10075029 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) contributes to 94% of diabetes-related hospital admissions, and its incidence is rising. Due to the complexity of its management and the need for rigorous monitoring, many DKA patients are managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, studies comparing DKA patients managed in ICU to non-ICU settings show an increase in healthcare costs without significantly affecting patient outcomes. It is, therefore, essential to identify suitable candidates for ICU care in DKA patients.
AIM To evaluate factors that predict the requirement for ICU care in DKA patients.
METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive patients with index DKA episodes who presented to the emergency department of four general hospitals of Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, between January 2015 and March 2021. All adult patients (> 14 years) fulfilling the American Diabetes Association criteria for DKA diagnosis were included.
RESULTS We included 922 patients with DKA in the final analysis, of which 229 (25%) were managed in the ICU. Compared to non-ICU patients, patients admitted to ICU were older [mean (SD) age of 40.4 ± 13.7 years vs 34.5 ± 14.6 years; P < 0.001], had a higher body mass index [median (IQR) of 24.6 (21.5-28.4) kg/m2 vs 23.7 (20.3-27.9) kg/m2; P < 0.030], had T2DM (61.6%) and were predominantly males (69% vs 31%; P < 0.020). ICU patients had a higher white blood cell count [median (IQR) of 15.1 (10.2-21.2) × 103/uL vs 11.2 (7.9-15.7) × 103/uL, P < 0.001], urea [median (IQR) of 6.5 (4.6-10.3) mmol/L vs 5.6 (4.0-8.0) mmol/L; P < 0.001], creatinine [median (IQR) of 99 (75-144) mmol/L vs 82 (63-144) mmol/L; P < 0.001], C-reactive protein [median (IQR) of 27 (9-83) mg/L vs 14 (5-33) mg/L; P < 0.001] and anion gap [median (IQR) of 24.0 (19.2-29.0) mEq/L vs 22 (17-27) mEq/L; P < 0.001]; while a lower venous pH [mean (SD) of 7.10 ± 0.15 vs 7.20 ± 0.13; P < 0.001] and bicarbonate level [mean (SD) of 9.2 ± 4.1 mmol/L vs 11.6 ± 4.3 mmol/L; P < 0.001] at admission than those not requiring ICU management of DKA (P < 0.001). Patients in the ICU group had a longer LOS [median (IQR) of 4.2 (2.7-7.1) d vs 2.0 (1.0-3.9) d; P < 0.001] and DKA duration [median (IQR) of 24 (13-37) h vs 15 (19-24) h, P < 0.001] than those not requiring ICU admission. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis model, age, Asian ethnicity, concurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, DKA severity, DKA trigger, and NSTEMI were the main predicting factors for ICU admission.
CONCLUSION In the largest tertiary center in Qatar, 25% of all DKA patients required ICU admission. Older age, T2DM, newly onset DM, an infectious trigger of DKA, moderate-severe DKA, concurrent NSTEMI, and COVID-19 infection are some factors that predict ICU requirement in a DKA patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmad Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Fateen Ata
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Phool Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY 10595, United States
| | - Mohammed Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Anand Kartha
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00000, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie P, Yang C, Yang G, Jiang Y, He M, Jiang X, Chen Y, Deng L, Wang M, Armstrong DG, Ma Y, Deng W. Mortality prediction in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis using explainable machine learning: a prospective, multicentre study based on tertiary hospitals. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 36899433 PMCID: PMC10007769 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing a hyperglycaemic crisis is associated with a short- and long-term increased risk of mortality. We aimed to develop an explainable machine learning model for predicting 3-year mortality and providing individualized risk factor assessment of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis after admission. METHODS Based on five representative machine learning algorithms, we trained prediction models on data from patients with hyperglycaemic crisis admitted to two tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2020. The models were internally validated by tenfold cross-validation and externally validated using previously unseen data from two other tertiary hospitals. A SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm was used to interpret the predictions of the best performing model, and the relative importance of the features in the model was compared with the traditional statistical test results. RESULTS A total of 337 patients with hyperglycaemic crisis were enrolled in the study, 3-year mortality was 13.6% (46 patients). 257 patients were used to train the models, and 80 patients were used for model validation. The Light Gradient Boosting Machine model performed best across testing cohorts (area under the ROC curve 0.89 [95% CI 0.77-0.97]). Advanced age, higher blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen were the three most important predictors for increased mortality. CONCLUSION The developed explainable model can provide estimates of the mortality and visual contribution of the features to the prediction for an individual patient with hyperglycaemic crisis. Advanced age, metabolic disorders, and impaired renal and cardiac function were important factors that predicted non-survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800015981, 2018/05/04.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puguang Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Youzhao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, 401320, China
| | - Min He
- General Practice Department, Chongqing Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Liling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - David G Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Centre, Chongqing University, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie W, Li Y, Meng X, Zhao M. Machine learning prediction models and nomogram to predict the risk of in-hospital death for severe DKA: A clinical study based on MIMIC-IV, eICU databases, and a college hospital ICU. Int J Med Inform 2023; 174:105049. [PMID: 37001474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To establish a prediction model and assess the risk factors for severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adult patients during the ICU. INTRODUCTION With DKA hospitalization rates consistently increasing, in-hospital mortality has become a growing concern. METHODS DKA patients aged >18 years old in the US-based critical care database (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV)) were considered. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were screened using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) optimal subset regression. One predictive model was developed using machine learning extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and the other one was a nomogram based on logistic regression to estimate risks of in-hospital mortality with severe DKA. Established models were assessed by using internal validation and external validation. The MIMIC-IV was split into training and testing samples in a 7:3 ratio. The eICU Collaborative Research Database and admissions data from the department of critical care medicine of the first affiliated hospital of Harbin medical university were used for independent validation. The discriminatory ability of the model was determined by illustrating a receiver operating curve (ROC) and calculating the C-index. Meanwhile, the calibration plot and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (HL test) was conducted to evaluate the performance of our new build model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical net benefit. Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) was used to compare the predictive power of the two models. RESULTS A multivariable model that included acute physiology score III (APS III), the highest levels of blood plasma osmolality (osmolarity_max), minimum osmolarity (osmolarity_min)/osmolarity _max, vasopressor, and the highest levels of blood lactate was represented as the nomogram. The C- index of the nomogram model was 0.915 (95% CI: 0.966-0.864) in the training dataset and 0.971 (95% CI: 0.992-0.950) in the internal validation. The nomogram's sensitivity was well according to all data's HL test (P > 0.05). DCA showed that our model was clinically valuable. The XGB (extreme gradient boosting) model achieved an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.920-0.980); however, the nomogram model made was more effective than XGB based on NRI. CONCLUSION The predictive XGB and nomogram models for predicting in-hospital patient deaths with DKA were effective. The forecast models can help clinical physicians promptly identify patients at high risk of DKA, prevent in-hospital deaths, and promptly intervene.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee S, Yoo S, Yoon JY, Cheon CK, Kim YA. Pediatric management challenges of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: case series of Korean adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:61-66. [PMID: 35038836 PMCID: PMC10073033 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142108.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is considered the most fatal complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The number of case reports describing pediatric HHS has increased recently in parallel with obesity and the prevalence of type 2 DM in pediatric patients. In this study, we investigated the patient characteristics and outcomes of HHS in 9 adolescents with obesity and type 2 DM. Almost all patients exhibited mixed clinical features of HHS and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), including characteristics such as hyperosmolality and ketoacidosis. These features made definitive diagnosis difficult; 5 out of 9 patients were initially diagnosed with DKA and were treated accordingly. Patients who were initially diagnosed with HHS received a more vigorous and appropriate fluid replacement than other patients did. No patients died, although 3 exhibited complications, such as arrhythmia, acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy, rhabdomyolysis, and acute pancreatitis. Hyperosmolality with consequent severe dehydration is considered a significant factor contributing to the outcomes of patients with HHS. Therefore, early recognition of hyperosmolality is crucial for an appropriate diagnosis and adequate fluid rehydration to restore perfusion in the early period of treatment to improve patient outcomes for this rare but serious emerging condition in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sukdong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Tech nology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Tech nology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santharaman A, Raj K, Sankaramangalam K, Dewan S, Sapkota S, Chandna S, Shah M, Singh D, Bassi M, Luo H, Redel H. COVID-19 Related Predisposition to Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e36674. [PMID: 37102024 PMCID: PMC10124755 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can exacerbate hyperglycemia and can cause life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of diabetic COVID-19 patients with and without DKA and to determine the predictors of mortality in the setting of COVID-19 and DKA. Methods This is a retrospective single-center cohort study including patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 and DM from March 2020 to June 2020. Patients with DKA were filtered as per the diagnostic criteria set by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) were excluded. A retrospective analysis was performed, which included those who developed DKA and those with neither DKA nor HHS. The primary outcome measurement was mortality rate and predictors of mortality for DKA. Results Out of 301 patients with COVID-19 and DM, 30 (10%) had DKA and five (1.7%) had HHS. Mortality was significantly higher in the DKA group compared to the non-DKA/HHS group (36.6% vs 19.5%; OR: 2.38; p=0.03). After adjusting for parameters used for multivariate logistic model for mortality, DKA was no longer associated with mortality (OR: 2.08, p=0.35). The independent predictors for mortality were age, platelet count, serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, hypoxic respiratory failure, need for intubation, and need for vasopressors. Conclusion Our study demonstrates higher mortality rate in diabetic COVID-19 patients with DKA. Though direct and independent statistical association of mortality with DKA could not be proven in our multivariate logistic model, physicians must be vigilant in risk-stratifying and managing these patients in a timely manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavin Raj
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Kesavan Sankaramangalam
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Sandesh Dewan
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Saroj Sapkota
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Sanya Chandna
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Monarch Shah
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Dhruv Singh
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Mehak Bassi
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Hongxiu Luo
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Henry Redel
- Infectious Disease, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mustafa OG, Haq M, Dashora U, Castro E, Dhatariya KK. Management of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) in Adults: An updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15005. [PMID: 36370077 PMCID: PMC10107355 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality. It occurs less frequently than diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), affects those with pre-existing/new type 2 diabetes mellitus and increasingly affecting children/younger adults. Mixed DKA/HHS may occur. The JBDS HHS care pathway consists of 3 themes (clinical assessment and monitoring, interventions, assessments and prevention of harm) and 5 phases of therapy (0-60 min, 1-6, 6-12, 12-24 and 24-72 h). Clinical features of HHS include marked hypovolaemia, osmolality ≥320 mOsm/kg using [(2×Na+ ) + glucose+urea], marked hyperglycaemia ≥30 mmol/L, without significant ketonaemia (≤3.0 mmol/L), without significant acidosis (pH >7.3) and bicarbonate ≥15 mmol/L. Aims of the therapy are to improve clinical status/replace fluid losses by 24 h, gradual decline in osmolality (3.0-8.0 mOsm/kg/h to minimise the risk of neurological complications), blood glucose 10-15 mmol/L in the first 24 h, prevent hypoglycaemia/hypokalaemia and prevent harm (VTE, osmotic demyelination, fluid overload, foot ulceration). Underlying precipitants must be identified and treated. Interventions include: (1) intravenous (IV) 0.9% sodium chloride to restore circulating volume (fluid losses 100-220 ml/kg, caution in elderly), (2) fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion (FRIII) should be commenced once osmolality stops falling with fluid replacement unless there is ketonaemia (FRIII should be commenced at the same time as IV fluids). (3) glucose infusion (5% or 10%) should be started once glucose <14 mmol/L and (4) potassium replacement according to potassium levels. HHS resolution criteria are: osmolality <300 mOsm/kg, hypovolaemia corrected (urine output ≥0.5 ml/kg/h), cognitive status returned to pre-morbid state and blood glucose <15 mmol/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar G. Mustafa
- Department of diabetesKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Masud Haq
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS TrustTunbridge WellsUK
| | - Umesh Dashora
- Conquest Hospital, Easdt Sussex Healthcare NHS TrustThe Ridge St Leonards on SeaUK
| | - Erwin Castro
- Conquest Hospital, Easdt Sussex Healthcare NHS TrustThe Ridge St Leonards on SeaUK
| | - Ketan K. Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes CentreNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
- Norwich Medicine SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang W, Chen J, Bi J, Ding N, Chen X, Wang Z, Jiao Y. Combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Underrecognized and underreported emergency in ICIs-DM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1084441. [PMID: 36686495 PMCID: PMC9846077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1084441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is extremely rarely reported among ICIs- diabetes mellitus (DM) cases and is always ignored by physicians. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to recognize better the rare adverse event of combined DKA-HHS associated with immune checkpoints. Methods A electronic search in Pubmed/Cochrane/Web of Science, complemented by manual searches in article references, was conducted to identify clinical features of ICIs-combined DKA-HHS. Results we identified 106 patients with ICIs- type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from 82 publications: 9 patients presented a coexistence of metabolic acidosis, severe hyperglycemia, and/or DKA; All patients were not diagnosed as combined DKA-HHS. Compared with ICIs-DKA patients, combined DKA-HHS cases were prone to higher hyperglycemia (1020 ± 102.5 vs 686.7 ± 252.6mg/dL). Moreover, acute kidney injury (87.5% vs 28.6%) and prior chemotherapy (66.7% vs 31.6%) showed higher occurrences with the onset of ICIs-HHS or combined DKA-HHS.B. Conclusions Combined DKA-HHS portends a poor diagnosis in patients with coexistence features of DKA and HHS, which healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of due to differences in treatment. Our observational retrospective case series shows that patients with more risk factors were more likely to develop combined DKA-HHS. We are the first to report this group of patients' clinical characteristics and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexiu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese Peoples Armed Police Force, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hassan EM, Mushtaq H, Mahmoud EE, Chhibber S, Saleem S, Issa A, Nitesh J, Jama AB, Khedr A, Boike S, Mir M, Attallah N, Surani S, Khan SA. Overlap of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11702-11711. [PMID: 36405291 PMCID: PMC9669841 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) are two life-threatening metabolic complications of diabetes that significantly increase mortality and morbidity. Despite major advances, reaching a uniform consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria and treatment of both conditions has been challenging. A significant overlap between these two extremes of the hyperglycemic crisis spectrum poses an additional hurdle. It has well been noted that a complete biochemical and clinical patient evaluation with timely diagnosis and treatment is vital for symptom resolution. Worldwide, there is a lack of large-scale studies that help define how hyperglycemic crises should be managed. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of DKA-HHS overlap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Mamdouh Hassan
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Hisham Mushtaq
- Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT 06606, United States
| | - Esraa Elaraby Mahmoud
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherley Chhibber
- Medicine, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, PA 19025, United States
| | - Shoaib Saleem
- Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Issa
- Medicine, Medical University of the Americas, Nevis, West Indies
| | - Jain Nitesh
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Abbas B Jama
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Anwar Khedr
- Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, United States
| | - Sydney Boike
- Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mikael Mir
- Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Noura Attallah
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Medicine & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Anesthesiolgy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Syed A Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, Rewers A, Cherubini V, Estrada S, Wolfsdorf JI, Codner E. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:835-856. [PMID: 36250645 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maria Fritsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leena Priyambada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sylvia Estrada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Philippines, College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joseph I Wolfsdorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, McGill JB, Berga SL, Bush M, Chandrasekaran S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Galindo RJ, Gardner TW, Garg R, Garvey WT, Hirsch IB, Hurley DL, Izuora K, Kosiborod M, Olson D, Patel SB, Pop-Busui R, Sadhu AR, Samson SL, Stec C, Tamborlane WV, Tuttle KR, Twining C, Vella A, Vellanki P, Weber SL. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:923-1049. [PMID: 35963508 PMCID: PMC10200071 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this clinical practice guideline is to provide updated and new evidence-based recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes mellitus to clinicians, diabetes-care teams, other health care professionals and stakeholders, and individuals with diabetes and their caregivers. METHODS The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology selected a task force of medical experts and staff who updated and assessed clinical questions and recommendations from the prior 2015 version of this guideline and conducted literature searches for relevant scientific papers published from January 1, 2015, through May 15, 2022. Selected studies from results of literature searches composed the evidence base to update 2015 recommendations as well as to develop new recommendations based on review of clinical evidence, current practice, expertise, and consensus, according to established American Association of Clinical Endocrinology protocol for guideline development. RESULTS This guideline includes 170 updated and new evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes. Recommendations are divided into four sections: (1) screening, diagnosis, glycemic targets, and glycemic monitoring; (2) comorbidities and complications, including obesity and management with lifestyle, nutrition, and bariatric surgery, hypertension, dyslipidemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease; (3) management of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes with antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy and glycemic targets, type 1 diabetes with insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, hospitalized persons, and women with diabetes in pregnancy; (4) education and new topics regarding diabetes and infertility, nutritional supplements, secondary diabetes, social determinants of health, and virtual care, as well as updated recommendations on cancer risk, nonpharmacologic components of pediatric care plans, depression, education and team approach, occupational risk, role of sleep medicine, and vaccinations in persons with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This updated clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with person-centered, team-based clinical decision-making to improve the care of persons with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Sethu Reddy
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Einhorn
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Rajesh Garg
- Lundquist Institute/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darin Olson
- Colorado Mountain Medical, LLC, Avon, Colorado
| | | | | | - Archana R Sadhu
- Houston Methodist; Weill Cornell Medicine; Texas A&M College of Medicine; Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carla Stec
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Katherine R Tuttle
- University of Washington and Providence Health Care, Seattle and Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Sandra L Weber
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Prisma Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deng L, Xie P, Chen Y, Rui S, Yang C, Deng B, Wang M, Armstrong DG, Ma Y, Deng W. Impact of acute hyperglycemic crisis episode on survival in individuals with diabetic foot ulcer using a machine learning approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:974063. [PMID: 36093085 PMCID: PMC9452661 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.974063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The outcome of DFUs concomitant with HCE remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate mortality rates and identify risk factors of mortality in patients with DFUs-HCE. Methods 27 inpatients with DFUs-HCE were retrospectively enrolled in a cohort design, they were compared to 93 inpatients with DFUs in a city designated emergency center, between January 2016 and January 2021. After a 6-year followed-up, clinical characteristic, amputation and survival rates were compared. Extreme gradient boosting was further used to explore the relative importance of HCE and other risk factors to all-cause mortality in DFUs. Results Patients with DFUs-HCE were more likely to havedementia, acute kidney injury and septic shock, whereas DFUs were more likely to have diabetic peripheral neuropathy and ulcer recurrence (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed on the amputation rate and diabetes duration. Both Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox proportional model revealed that DFUs-HCE was associated with a higher mortality compared with DFUs (P<0.05). HCE significantly increased the risk of mortality in patients with DFUs (hazard ratio, 1.941; 95% CI 1.018-3.700; P = 0.044) and was independent from other confounding factors (age, sex, diabetes duration, Wagner grades and Charlson Comorbidity Index). The XGBoost model also revealed that HCE was one of the most important risk factors associated with all-cause mortality in patients with DFUs. Conclusions DFUs-HCE had significantly lower immediate survival rates (first 1-6 month) than DFUs alone. HCE is an important risk factor for death in DFUs patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Puguang Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunli Rui
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang X, Qi J, Li Y, Li J, Yang MG. Diabetic Striatopathy Complicated With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:877479. [PMID: 35903807 PMCID: PMC9315246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.877479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare complication secondary to hyperglycemia, featured by the choreiform movements and reversible striatal abnormalities on neuroimaging. Several studies have described the clinical characteristics of DS, however, the simultaneous occurrence of DS and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the striatum has not been reported. Herein, we report a 68-year-old man with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who experienced the progressive involuntary movement of the right upper and lower limbs for 10 days. We initially considered this patient as an AIS with hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia and adjacent area because his brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images, as well as slight T1-hyperintensity around T1-hypointensity. However, his symptoms worsen persistently, which was inconsistent with neuroimaging findings. Further computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an extensive hyper-density and focal low-density in the left striatum, suggesting the diagnosis of DS and AIS. His symptoms were in complete remission after 2 months of glucose control. However, striatal hyperintensity on T1 images was significantly increased compared to the initial images, which disappeared 18 months later. Additionally, DWI hyperintensity on infarction lesions disappeared, while softening lesions and gliosis were observed on the follow-up MRI images. Therefore, we finally diagnosed the patient as DS complicated with AIS. This report highlights that DS and AIS could occur simultaneously in the striatum after hyperglycemia, which is easily misdiagnosed as AIS with hemorrhage and requires clinicians to pay more attention to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junli Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yiding Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Meng-Ge Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Meng-Ge Yang
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Blank SP, Blank RM, Campbell L. What Is the Optimal Speed of correction of the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in Diabetic Ketoacidosis? An Observational Cohort Study of U.S. Intensive Care Patients. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:875-883. [PMID: 35688365 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The international guidelines for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) advise against rapid changes in osmolarity and glucose; however, the optimal rates of correction are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the rates of change in tonicity and glucose level in intensive care patients with DKA and their relationship with mortality and altered mental status. METHODS This is an observational cohort study using 2 publicly available databases of U.S. intensive care patients (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV and Electronic Intensive Care Unit), evaluating adults with DKA and associated hyperosmolarity (baseline Osm ≥300 mOsm/L). The primary outcome was hospital mortality. The secondary neurologic outcome used a composite of diagnosed cerebral edema or Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≤12. Multivariable regression models were used to control for confounding factors. RESULTS On adjusted analysis, patients who underwent the most rapid correction of up to approximately 3 mmol/L/hour in tonicity had reduced mortality (n = 2307; odds ratio [OR], 0.21; overall P < .001) and adverse neurologic outcomes (OR, 0.44; P < .001). Faster correction of glucose levels up to 5 mmol/L/hour (90 mg/dL/hour) was associated with improvements in mortality (n = 2361; OR, 0.24; P = .020) and adverse neurologic events (OR, 0.52; P = .046). The number of patients corrected significantly faster than these rates was low. A maximal hourly rate of correction between 2 and 5 mmol/L for tonicity was associated with the lowest mortality rate on adjusted analysis. CONCLUSION Based on large-volume observational data, relatively rapid correction of tonicity and glucose level was associated with lower mortality and more favorable neurologic outcomes. Avoiding a maximum hourly rate of correction of tonicity >5 mmol/L may be advisable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan P Blank
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Ruth M Blank
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lewis Campbell
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Au A, Toolis M. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) complicated by life-threatening large vessel occlusive arterial thrombosis - A mini case series and important reminder for clinicians. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102515. [PMID: 35660934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) is a known life-threatening complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). As the incidence of T2DM continues to grow, it is important to remember some of its lesser-known complications. HHS has been described in the literature to result in small vessel thrombosis, leading to coronary or cerebral arterial thrombosis, resulting in acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accidents. The underlying pathology of this relates to the prothrombotic and hyperviscous state caused by HHS. On our review of the literature, however, we are unable to find a consistent description or HHS complicated by large vessel thrombotic occlusion. The authors of this paper present a mini case series describing two cases of HHS which were complicated by life or limb-threatening large vessel occlusive arterial thrombosis. This is particularly unique as we have otherwise only been able to identify single case reports in the existing literature from other authors. The purpose of this case discussion is to highlight this rare complication of HHS and to encourage clinicians to remember that HHS is not just a physiological or biochemical derangement, can also lead to true surgical emergencies requiring immediate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos Au
- Surgical Registrar, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael Toolis
- Intensive Care Consultant, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ye X, Xiong L, Fu Q, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang K, Yang J, Kantawong F, Kumsaiyai W, Zhou J, Lan C, Wu J, Zeng J. Chemical characterization and DPP-IV inhibitory activity evaluation of tripeptides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115203. [PMID: 35304277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. (GD), a herbal medicine, has been used for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia in China. However, hypoglycemic ingredients within GD have not yet been well studied. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore undiscovered compounds with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity within GD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A four-step strategy was developed to explore undiscovered DPP-IV inhibitors within GD. First, the components were preliminarily characterized using UHPLC-HRMS combined with a library search. Second, preliminarily characterized compounds were searched for potential bioactivity. Third, a mixture of these preliminarily characterized compounds was isolated and thoroughly characterized based on fragmentation patterns associated with molecular networking. Fourth, the activities of these compounds were verified using DPP-IV inhibitory assay and molecular docking. RESULTS Diprotin A, a tripeptide inhibitor against DPP-IV, was identified. Thereafter, a mixture of twenty-five diprotin A analogs was isolated and characterized, which exhibited IC50 of 0.40 mg/mL for DPP-IV. Molecular docking results also confirmed the interactions between the tripeptide analogs and DPP-IV mainly via H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of DPP-IV inhibitors within GD. These findings demonstrate that the extract of GD might be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is expected to promote further development and utilization of GD in herbal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ling Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Binyou Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Faculty Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Faculty Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Warunee Kumsaiyai
- Faculty Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou, China; Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Cai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou, China; Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou, China; Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
GÖKMEN İB, YİĞİT SE, OKUTURLAR Y, KÖKSAL İ. COVID-19 Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A case report. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.1073576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
32
|
Shaka H, El-Amir Z, Wani F, Albosta M, Dahiya DS, Alabi O, Muojieje CC, Kichloo A. Hospitalizations and inpatient mortality for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state over a decade. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109230. [PMID: 35122906 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe rates and trends in hospitalizations, inpatient mortality, total hospital charges, and mean lengths of stay among adult patients hospitalized for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). METHODS The study included NIS databases 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. These databases were searched for hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnosis of HHS in patients with T2DM using ICD codes (25020, 25022, and E110). Patients less than 18 years, elective hospitalizations, HHS in patients with T1DM or secondary diabetes mellitus were excluded. We used multivariable regression analysis to obtain trends in mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (THC). RESULTS Between 2008 and 2018, there was a trend towards increasing hospitalizations for T2DM with HHS (p trend < 0.001). The mean age over the period ranged from 56.9 to 59.1 years old. Men made up the majority of hospitalizations. Over the decade, there was a steady rise in the proportion of Whites and Hispanics with HHS, and Medicare was the most prevalent insurer overall. Inpatient mortality for HHS decreased from 1.44% in 2008 to 0.77% in 2018 (p trend 0.007). There was also a statistically significant decrease in both LOS and THC over the studied period. CONCLUSIONS Trends in HHS showed increased hospitalizations, LOS, and THC over the decade in the study period, but inpatient mortality declined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Shaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Zain El-Amir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - Farah Wani
- Department of Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, NY, USA
| | - Michael Albosta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | | | - Omolabake Alabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, NY, USA
| | | | - Asim Kichloo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA; Department of Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nagano K, Kamimura T, Kawai G. Interaction between a fluoroquinolone derivative and RNAs with a single bulge. J Biochem 2022; 171:239-244. [PMID: 34791286 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction analysis between small molecules and RNA as well as structure determination of RNA-small molecule complexes will be the clues to search for compounds that bind to specific mRNA or non-coding RNA in drug discovery. In this study, the RNA-binding ability of a fluoroquinolone derivative, KG022, was examined against single-residue bulge-containing hairpin RNAs as RNA models. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that KG022 interacts with the RNAs in the vicinity of the bulge residue, with preferring C and G as the bulge residues. The solution structures of the RNA-KG022 complexes showed that the KG022 binds to the RNAs at the bulge-out regions. Each substituent in KG022 interacts with specific position of RNAs around the bulge-out region probably contributing the specificity of the binding. This work provides a novel member for the RNA-targeted small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konami Nagano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | | | - Gota Kawai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jasso-Avila MI, Castro-Argüelles AA, Centeno-Del Toro SM, Rivera-López E, Valadez-Castillo FJ. Base excess measured at hospital admission is useful for predicting diabetic ketoacidosis severity and resolution time in adult patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102385. [PMID: 35026666 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to identify the biochemical factors measured at hospital admission that could predict diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) resolution time in adult patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 79 patients >18 years of age. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine which variables might predict DKA resolution time. Biochemical parameters between the two DKA resolution time groups were compared. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression models, acidosis time was found to decrease by 29 h if the pH value increased by one unit, 0.64 h if the base excess (BE) value increased by 1 mmol, and 1.09 h if the bicarbonate (HCO3-) value increased by 1 mmol. The biochemical parameters that differed between the two groups were pH, HCO3-, and BE. Patients with delayed resolution of DKA had a blood pH of 7.1 (±0.18), HCO3- of 5.1 mmol (2.9-11.6 mmol), and BE of -21.5 mmol (-28.2 to -14.4 mmol) at hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS Lower pH, HCO3-, and BE values at hospital admission may predict longer DKA resolution times in adult patients. In addition, BE may predict DKA severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Jasso-Avila
- Residente de Endocrinología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran", Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Rivera-López
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Central "Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Sá-Ferreira CO, da Costa CHM, Guimarães JCW, Sampaio NS, Silva LDML, de Mascarenhas LP, Rodrigues NG, Dos Santos TL, Campos S, Young EC. Diabetic ketoacidosis and COVID-19: what have we learned so far? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E44-E53. [PMID: 34779657 PMCID: PMC8721947 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a pandemic emerged due to a new coronavirus that imposed various uncertainties and discoveries. It has been reported that diabetes is a risk factor for worst outcomes of COVID-19 and also that SARS-CoV-2 infection was correlated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients. The aim of this work is to discuss this correlation emphasizing the main case reports from 2020 while exploring the management of DKA during the course of COVID-19. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched using two sets of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search terms or Title/Abstract words: Coronavirus Infections (Coronavirus Infections, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetic Acidosis, Diabetic Ketosis). There is a clear correlation between COVID-19 and DKA. The SARS-Cov-2 infection may precipitate both a hyperglycemic state and ketoacidosis occurrence in patients with diabetes and nondiabetic patients, which may lead to fatal outcomes. DKA in patients with COVID-19 may increase risk and worse outcomes. Hence, the SARS-Cov-2 infection presents a new perspective toward the management of glycemia and acidosis in patients with diabetes and nondiabetic patients, highlighting the need for rapid interventions to minimize the complications from COVID-19 while reducing its spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathasha Souza Sampaio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nicollas Garcia Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Talita Labonia Dos Santos
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange Campos
- Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Esther Cytrynbaum Young
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Galindo RJ, Ali MK, Funni SA, Dodge AB, Kurani SS, Shah ND, Umpierrez GE, McCoy RG. Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Crises Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes and End-stage Kidney Disease: Population-Based Study, 2013-2017. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:100-107. [PMID: 34740910 PMCID: PMC8753755 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We characterized annual trends of severe hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a nationwide, retrospective study of adults (≥18 years old) with diabetes/ESKD, from the United States Renal Data System registry, between 2013 and 2017. Primary outcome was annual rates of emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises, reported as number of events/1,000 person-years. Event rates and risk factors were adjusted for patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, dialysis modality, comorbidities, treatment regimen, and U.S. region. RESULTS Among 521,789 adults with diabetes/ESKD (median age 65 years [interquartile range 57-73], 56.1% male, and 46% White), overall adjusted rates of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises were 53.64 and 18.24 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. For both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia crises, respectively, the risks decreased with age and were lowest in older patients (≥75 vs. 18-44 years old: incidence rate ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.33-0.37, and 0.03, 0.02-0.03), women (1.09, 1.06-1.12, and 1.44, 1.35-1.54), and those with smoking (1.36, 1.28-1.43, and 1.71, 1.53-1.91), substance abuse (1.27, 1.15-1.42, and 1.53, 1.23-1.9), retinopathy (1.10, 1.06-1.15, and 1.36, 1.26-1.47), and insulin therapy (vs. no therapy; 0.60, 0.59-0.63, and 0.44, 0.39-0.48). For hypoglycemia, specifically, additional risk was conferred by Black race (1.11, 1.08-1.15) and amputation history (1.20, 1.13-1.27). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide study of patients with diabetes/ESKD, hypoglycemic crises were threefold more common than hyperglycemic crises, greatly exceeding national reports in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Young, Black, and female patients were disproportionately affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo J Galindo
- 1Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- 2Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shealeigh A Funni
- 3Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew B Dodge
- 3Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN
| | - Shaheen S Kurani
- 3Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN
| | - Nilay D Shah
- 3Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Rozalina G McCoy
- 3Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN.,4Division of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Choo SJ, Lee HG, Kim CJ, Yang EM. Severe hypernatremia in soft drink ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state at the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case series of three adolescents. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 31:81-86. [PMID: 35431447 PMCID: PMC8981042 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are diabetic
emergencies. Some patients with a hyperglycemic crisis can present with an overlap of DKA
and HHS. The coexistence of DKA and HHS is associated with higher mortality than in
isolated DKA and HHS. In addition, electrolyte derangements caused by global electrolyte
imbalance are associated with potentially life-threatening complications. Here, we
describe three cases of mixed DKA and HHS with severe hypernatremia at the onset of type 2
diabetes mellitus. All patients had extreme hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity with
acidosis at the onset of diabetes mellitus. They consumed 2 to 3 L/d of high-carbohydrate
drinks prior to admission to relieve thirst. They showed severe hypernatremia with renal
impairment. Two patients recovered completely without any complications, while one died.
Severe hypernatremia with mixed DKA and HHS is rare. However, it may be associated with
excess carbohydrate beverage consumption. Reduced physical activity during the COVID19
pandemic and unhealthy eating behaviors worsened the initial presentation of diabetes
mellitus. We highlight the impact of lifestyle factors on mixed DKA and HHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Choo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Children’s Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Children’s Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Jong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Children’s Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Children’s Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alazzam MB, Mansour H, Alassery F, Almulihi A. Machine Learning Implementation of a Diabetic Patient Monitoring System Using Interactive E-App. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:5759184. [PMID: 35003245 PMCID: PMC8741365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5759184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle influences morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Physical activity, a healthy weight, and a healthy diet are key preventative health behaviours that help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications, such as cardiovascular disease. A healthy lifestyle has been shown to prevent or delay chronic diseases and their complications, but few people follow all recommended self-management behaviours. This work seeks to improve knowledge of factors affecting type 2 diabetes self-management and prevention through lifestyle changes. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of a diabetes self-management mobile app. The app tracked dietary consumption and health data. Bluetooth movement data from a pair of wearable insole devices are used to track carbohydrate intake, blood glucose, medication adherence, and physical activity. Two machine learning models were constructed to recognise sitting and standing. The SVM and decision tree models were 86% accurate for these tasks. The decision tree model is used in a real-time activity classification app. It is exciting to see more and more mobile health self-management apps being used to treat chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bader Alazzam
- Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hoda Mansour
- College of Business Administration, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alassery
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almulihi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Piro S, Purrello F. Acute diabetes complications. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Tseng YS, Tilford B, Sethuraman U, Cashen K. Combined Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with COVID-19 in a Pediatric Patient. Case Rep Crit Care 2021; 2021:6429710. [PMID: 38442727 PMCID: PMC8627355 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6429710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are asymptomatic or only with mild symptoms, many symptomatic children still require admission to the intensive care unit. Multiple cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) associated with COVID-19 have been reported in adults. However, to our knowledge, only few similar cases have been published in the pediatric population. We report one of the first few severe cases of mixed HHS with DKA associated with COVID-19 in an adolescent. Our patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, Remdesivir, and methylprednisolone. As the pandemic continues, clinicians should be aware of this syndrome and consider early use of Remdesivir and corticosteroids. Further studies are required to understand the pathophysiology of this syndrome occurring with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley Tilford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Central Michigan University/Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Usha Sethuraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Central Michigan University/Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine Cashen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Central Michigan University/Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nihlén S, Frithiof R, Titze J, Kawati R, Rasmusson J, Rylander C, Pikwer A, Castegren M, Belin A, Hultström M, Lipcsey M. The Contribution of Plasma Urea to Total Osmolality During Iatrogenic Fluid Reduction in Critically Ill Patients. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:zqab055. [PMID: 35330925 PMCID: PMC8788870 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmolality is common in critically ill patients during body fluid volume reduction. It is unknown whether this is only a result of decreased total body water or an active osmole-producing mechanism similar to that found in aestivating animals, where muscle degradation increases urea levels to preserve water. We hypothesized that fluid volume reduction in critically ill patients contributes to a shift from ionic to organic osmolytes similar to mechanisms of aestivation. We performed a post-hoc analysis on data from a multicenter observational study in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients in the postresuscitative phase. Fluid, electrolyte, energy and nitrogen intake, fluid loss, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and estimated plasma osmolality (eOSM) were registered. Contributions of osmolytes Na+, K+, urea, and glucose to eOSM expressed as proportions of eOSM were calculated. A total of 241 patients were included. eOSM increased (median change 7.4 mOsm/kg [IQR-1.9-18]) during the study. Sodium's and potassium's proportions of eOSM decreased (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), whereas urea's proportion increased (P < .001). The urea's proportion of eOSM was higher in patients with negative vs. positive fluid balance. Urea's proportion of eOSM increased with eOSM (r = 0.63; adjusted for eGFR r = 0.80), but not nitrogen intake. In patients without furosemide and/or renal replacement therapy (n = 17), urea's proportion of eOSM and eOSM correlated strongly (r = 0.92). Urea's proportion of eOSM was higher in patients not surviving up to 90 d. In stabilized ICU patients, the contribution of urea to plasma osmolality increased during body water volume reduction, statistically independently of nitrogen administration and eGFR. The shift from ionic osmolytes to urea during body fluid volume reduction is similar to that seen in aestivating animals. ClinicalTrials.org Identifier: NCT03972475.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Titze
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169856, Singapore,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91012 Erlangen, Germany,Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rafael Kawati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Rasmusson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gävle County Hospital, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Christian Rylander
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pikwer
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, SE-631 88 Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Markus Castegren
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, SE-631 88 Eskilstuna, Sweden,Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, and FyFa, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Belin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden,Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden,Hedenstierna Laboratory, CIRRUS, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden, and Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tanabe H, Masuzaki H, Shimabukuro M. Novel strategies for glycaemic control and preventing diabetic complications applying the clustering-based classification of adult-onset diabetes mellitus: A perspective. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 180:109067. [PMID: 34563587 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from an interplay between insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Since their relative contributions to its pathogenesis are difficult to quantify, therapeutic strategies for glycaemic control are determined primarily based on two limited metrics: plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c. Recent attempts have been made to subclassify diabetes mellitus to better predict its associated pathology and plan appropriate therapeutic strategies. These classifications are based on data-driven cluster analysis using autoimmunity, age, obesity (metabolically unhealthy and healthy phenotypes), insulin secretory capacity and resistance, and ethnicity. This review addresses potential therapeutic strategies for the cluster-based classifications of adult-onset diabetes mellitus to achieve better glycaemic control and prevent or at least delay the concomitant complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Usman A, Mustafa N, Iqbal SP, Hasan MZ, Shaikh MF, Dujaili JA, Gan SH. Mapping the role of pH-adjusted potassium in diabetic ketoacidosis: Hypokalemia and the patient outcomes. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14315. [PMID: 33934480 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of hypokalemia during the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is high despite detailed potassium replacement guidelines in its treatment. AIM We aimed to find the role of pH-adjusted potassium (pHK ) in the development of hypokalemia, and their mutual impact on patient outcomes during DKA management. METHODOLOGY Adult DKA patient's admission data of preceding 3 years (2015-2017) were retrospectively clerked. Outcomes of interest were time to develop hypokalemia and to terminate emergency department (ED) care (hours), severity of hypokalemia and hospitalisation length (days). Linear regression was used to determine significant associations/predictors. RESULTS The study was concluded on 85 patients. Hypokalemia was observed in nearly 3/4th of all admissions and occurred by the time of ED care termination. Each 1 mmol/L increase in pHK significantly (a) reduced the degree of hypokalemia by 0.07 mmol/L, (b) delayed time to develop hypokalemia by 4.58 hours, (c) and reduced the ED care time by 1.28 hours. Arterial pH was the other factor significantly delaying time to develop hypokalemia (36.25 hours) and facilitating early discharge from ED (13.86 hours). Moreover, each 1 mmol/L reduction in the degree of hypokalemia increased hospitalisation length by 1.86 days. Though significant, acute kidney injury negligibly increased hospitalisation length by 0.01 days. CONCLUSION pH-adjusted potassium shall be used as a marker for hypokalemia and to initiate potassium replacement instead of measured serum potassium in DKA. Utilising pHK will help to avoid hypokalemia, reduce its severity and shorten ED care which will subsequently reduce hospitalisation length. We expect pHK to improve pharmacoeconomics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atif Usman
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norlaila Mustafa
- Department of Endocrinology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal
- Department of Community Medicine, Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Galindo RJ, Pasquel FJ, Vellanki P, Zambrano C, Albury B, Perez-Guzman C, Ziduo Z, Umpierrez GE. Biochemical Parameters of Diabetes Ketoacidosis in Patients with End-stage Kidney Disease and Preserved Renal Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2673-e2679. [PMID: 33659978 PMCID: PMC8502445 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differences in biochemical parameters of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been established. Accordingly, we assessed the relationship between degree of metabolic acidosis and ß-hydroxybutyrate in patients with ESKD (eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate renal failure (eGFR 15-60), or preserved renal function (eGFR > 60). METHODS This observational study included adults (18-80 years) with diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), admitted to Emory University Hospitals between January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. DKA and renal stages were confirmed on admission laboratory values. RESULTS Admission bicarbonate levels (13.9 ± 5 vs 13.4 ± 5.3 vs 13.8 ± 4.2 mmol/L, P = 0.7), and pH levels (7.2 ± 0.3 vs 7.2 ± 0.2 vs 7.2 ± 0.2, P = 0.8) were similar among groups. Patients with ESKD had lower mean ß-hydroxybutyrate level (4.3 ± 3.3 vs 5.6 ± 2.9 vs 5.9 ± 2.5 mmol/L, P = 0.01), but higher admission glucose (852 ± 340.4 vs 714.6 ± 253.3 mg/dL vs 518 ± 185.7 mg/dL, P < 0.01), anion gap (23.4 ± 7.6 vs 23 ± 6.9 vs 19.5 ± 4.7 mmol/L, P < 0.01), and osmolality (306 ± 20.6 vs 303.5 ± vs 293.1 ± 3.1mOsm/kg, P < 0.01) compared with patients with moderate renal failure and preserved renal function, respectively. The sensitivity of ß-hydroxybutyrate > 3 mmol/L for diagnosing DKA by bicarbonate level < 15 and <18 mmol/L was 86.9% and 72% in ESKD, 89.3% and 83.7% in moderate renal failure, and 96.2% and 88.3% in preserved renal function. In patients with ESKD, the corresponding ß-hydroxybutyrate with bicarbonate levels < 10, 10-15, <18 mmol/L were 5.5, 3.9, 3.0 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Significant metabolic differences were found among DKA patients with different levels of renal function. In patients with ESKD, a ß-hydroxybutyrate level > 3 mmol/L may assist with confirmation of DKA diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo J Galindo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Correspondence: Rodolfo J. Galindo, MD, FACE, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Address: 69 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr., Glenn Building, Suite 202, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Francisco J Pasquel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Priyathama Vellanki
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Cesar Zambrano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bonnie Albury
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Citlalli Perez-Guzman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zheng Ziduo
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Okada A, Yamana H, Morita K, Sato Y, Yamaguchi S, Kurakawa KI, Michihata N, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Nangaku M, Yamauchi T, Yasunaga H, Kadowaki T. Potassium Concentration in Initial Fluid Therapy and In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2162-e2175. [PMID: 33493293 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Guidelines worldwide recommend potassium replacement of 10 to 40 mmol/L in the initial fluid therapy for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. However, evidence is lacking as to the association between infused potassium concentration and mortality. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association between infused potassium concentration and in-hospital mortality. METHODS Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we retrospectively identified inpatients admitted for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis from July 2010 to March 2018. Patients with kidney dysfunction or serum potassium abnormalities were excluded. We evaluated the association of the potassium concentration in the total infused solutions in the first 2 days of hospitalization with 28-day in-hospital mortality using multivariable regression analysis with a cubic spline model. We also assessed the association between potassium concentration and occurrence of hyperkalemia. RESULTS We identified 14 216 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and observed 261 deaths. The quartile cut-points for potassium concentration were 7.7, 11.4, and 16.1 mmol/L. Within the range of approximately 10 to 40 mmol/L, potassium concentration was not associated with occurrence of hyperkalemia or death. Lower potassium concentrations were associated with higher 28-day in-hospital mortality; the odds ratio for patients receiving 8 mmol/L was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.78; reference: 20 mmol/L), and the odds ratio increased monotonically as potassium concentration decreased further. CONCLUSION Patients receiving potassium replacement at concentrations of 10 to 40 mmol/L had similar in-hospital mortality rates, whereas lower concentrations were associated with higher mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Morita
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikeda Kurakawa
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, Umpierrez GE. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:174-188. [PMID: 33515493 PMCID: PMC10423081 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia in people with and without diabetes admitted to the hospital is associated with a substantial increase in morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Professional societies have recommended insulin therapy as the cornerstone of inpatient pharmacological management. Intravenous insulin therapy is the treatment of choice in the critical care setting. In non-intensive care settings, several insulin protocols have been proposed to manage patients with hyperglycaemia; however, meta-analyses comparing different treatment regimens have not clearly endorsed the benefits of any particular strategy. Clinical guidelines recommend stopping oral antidiabetes drugs during hospitalisation; however, in some countries continuation of oral antidiabetes drugs is commonplace in some patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to hospital, and findings from clinical trials have suggested that non-insulin drugs, alone or in combination with basal insulin, can be used to achieve appropriate glycaemic control in selected populations. Advances in diabetes technology are revolutionising day-to-day diabetes care and work is ongoing to implement these technologies (ie, continuous glucose monitoring, automated insulin delivery) for inpatient care. Additionally, transformations in care have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the use of remote inpatient diabetes management-research is needed to assess the effects of such adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pasquel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - M Cecilia Lansang
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ketan Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pasquel FJ, Messler J, Booth R, Kubacka B, Mumpower A, Umpierrez G, Aloi J. Characteristics of and Mortality Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among US Patients Hospitalized With or Without COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e211091. [PMID: 33688962 PMCID: PMC7948057 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study analyzed inpatient data from multiple US hospitals to characterize patients with and without coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who had diabetic ketoacidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Umpierrez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph Aloi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mohn A, Polidori N, Castorani V, Comegna L, Giannini C, Chiarelli F, Blasetti A. Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state in an obese prepubertal girl with type 2 diabetes: case report and critical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:38. [PMID: 33602256 PMCID: PMC7891158 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-00983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Isolated Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated serum glucose concentrations and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis. It is often described in obese adults with unknown Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), rarely in youth. In childhood the most common cause of metabolic glucose related derangement is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Interestingly, both components can be combined with each other, thus the prevalent condition needs to be recognised implying a different therapeutic approach. Case presentation In this case, we report a prepubertal Caucasian obese girl admitted for two episodes of combined HHS/DKA in order to elucidate her clinical course taking into account the current pediatric recommendations based on adult guidelines for HHS. Conclusions The treatment of HHS and even more of HHS/DKA in youth is still controversial as no specific guidelines for children are available especially during the prepubertal age. The description of our case might be helpful and offer relevant points for future consensus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Mohn
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Castorani
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Comegna
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Blasetti
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, IT-66100, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alghamdi MA, Alzahrani AM, Alshams HA, Al-Saif MH, Moafa AM, Alenzi MM, Seadawi LE, Ali AKA, Al-Hufayyan NS, Mujallid MF. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state management in the emergency department. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.51847/8gxto9c75t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
50
|
Sato Y, Morita K, Okada A, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Factors affecting in-hospital mortality of diabetic ketoacidosis patients: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108588. [PMID: 33310121 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), its rate of in-hospital mortality has declined. However, the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with DKA remain to be elucidated. METHODS Using a Japanese national inpatient database from 01 July 2010 to 31 March 2018, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality of DKA patients. RESULTS We identified 25,627 DKA patients and 839 (3.3%) in-hospital deaths. Factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality included higher Charlson comorbidity index (≥4) (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-4.96; p < 0.001), sepsis (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 2.38-4.00; p < 0.001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 2.09-3.41; p < 0.001), and obesity (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 2.05-3.07; p < 0.001). Other factors positively associated with in-hospital mortality included male sex, age ≥ 60 years, consciousness disturbance, lower activities of daily living score at admission, admission requiring ambulance, and admission at non-academic hospital. CONCLUSIONS The present findings may help clinicians to identify DKA patients at higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Sato
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113033, Japan; Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1030023, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Morita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113033, Japan
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113033, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138519, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|