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Yang B, Li W, Saeki H, Shimizu Y, Joe GH. Maillard-type glycated collagen with alginate oligosaccharide suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress by attenuating the expression of LPS receptors Tlr4 and Cd14 in macrophages. Food Funct 2024; 15:3629-3639. [PMID: 38482590 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with macrophages playing pivotal roles. Glycated collagen through Maillard-type glycation holds promise for enhancing anti-inflammatory properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the cellular mechanism and aims to contribute to expanding collagen utilization. Collagen was glycated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) and glucose (Glc: as a comparative case) at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity for up to 24 h (C-AO and C-Glc, respectively). The anti-inflammatory activities of both C-AO and C-Glc were evaluated using an LPS-stimulated macrophage model. 18 h AO-glycated collagen (C-AO18 h) was found to significantly reduce the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In contrast, C-Glc did not exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory activity during any of the glycation periods. The enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of C-AO18 h was attributed to its downregulating effect on LPS receptors (toll-like receptor 4, Tlr4; cluster of differentiation 14, Cd14) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) mRNA expression, with suppression in receptor expression resulting in decreased phagocytic ability of macrophages against E. coli. In addition, compared with intact collagen, C-AO18 h exhibited improved antioxidant activity in the LPS-stimulated macrophage model, as it significantly upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Overall, this study contributes to the development of collagen-based functional foods for mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress in NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxue Yang
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Saeki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Ga-Hyun Joe
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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2
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Xiao Y, Qian J, Deng X, Zhang H, Wang J, Luo Z, Zhu L. Macrophages regulate healing-associated fibroblasts in diabetic wound. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:203. [PMID: 38270651 PMCID: PMC10811177 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from a foot ulcer is compromised in a diabetic status, due to the impaired tissue microenvironment that consists of altered inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Phenotypic alterations in both macrophages and fibroblasts have been detected in the diabetic wound. Recently, a fibroblast subpopulation that expresses high matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, MMP11 and Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) was associated with a successful diabetic wound healing. However, it is not known whether these healing-associated fibroblasts are regulated by macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS We used bioinformatic tools to analyze selected public databases on normal and diabetic skin from patients, and identified genes significantly altered in diabetes. In a mouse model for diabetic wound healing, we detected not only a loss of the spatiotemporal changes in interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, IL10 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in wound macrophages, but also a compromised expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in healing-associated wound fibroblasts in a diabetic status. Co-culture with diabetic macrophages significantly reduced the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in fibroblasts from non-diabetic wound. Co-culture with non-diabetic macrophages or diabetic macrophages supplied with IL6 significantly increased the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in fibroblasts from diabetic wound. Moreover, macrophage-specific expression of IL6 significantly improved wound healing and angiogenesis in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages may induce the activation of wound-healing-associated fibroblasts, while the defective macrophages in diabetes may be corrected with IL6 treatment as a promising therapy for diabetic foot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
- North Allegheny High School, Wexford, PA, 15090, USA
| | - Jieqi Qian
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Academic Affairs Office of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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3
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Angelis D, Jaleel MA, Brion LP. Hyperglycemia and prematurity: a narrative review. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:892-903. [PMID: 37120652 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is commonly encountered in extremely preterm newborns and physiologically can be attributed to immaturity in several biochemical pathways related to glucose metabolism. Although hyperglycemia is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes frequently described in this population, evidence for causality is lacking. Variations in definitions and treatment approaches have further complicated the understanding and implications of hyperglycemia on the immediate and long-term effects in preterm newborns. In this review, we describe the relationship between hyperglycemia and organ development, outcomes, treatment options, and potential gaps in knowledge that need further research. IMPACT: Hyperglycemia is common and less well described than hypoglycemia in extremely preterm newborns. Hyperglycemia can be attributed to immaturity in several cellular pathways involved in glucose metabolism in this age group. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be associated with a variety of adverse outcomes frequently described in this population; however, evidence for causality is lacking. Variations in definitions and treatment approaches have complicated the understanding and the implications of hyperglycemia on the immediate and long-term effects outcomes. This review describes the relationship between hyperglycemia and organ development, outcomes, treatment options, and potential gaps in knowledge that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Angelis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Mambarambath A Jaleel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc P Brion
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Harper EI, Siroky MD, Hilliard TS, Dominique GM, Hammond C, Liu Y, Yang J, Hubble VB, Walsh DJ, Melander RJ, Melander C, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Advanced Glycation End Products as a Potential Target for Restructuring the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9804. [PMID: 37372952 PMCID: PMC10298212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and both occurrence and mortality are increased in women over the age of 60. There are documented age-related changes in the ovarian cancer microenvironment that have been shown to create a permissive metastatic niche, including the formation of advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, that form crosslinks between collagen molecules. Small molecules that disrupt AGEs, known as AGE breakers, have been examined in other diseases, but their efficacy in ovarian cancer has not been evaluated. The goal of this pilot study is to target age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment with the long-term aim of improving response to therapy in older patients. Here, we show that AGE breakers have the potential to change the omental collagen structure and modulate the peritoneal immune landscape, suggesting a potential use for AGE breakers in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Harper
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Michael D. Siroky
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Tyvette S. Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Gena M. Dominique
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Catherine Hammond
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Veronica B. Hubble
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Danica J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ravosa
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
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5
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Hypoxia-induced transcriptional differences in African and Asian versus European diabetic cybrids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3818. [PMID: 36882486 PMCID: PMC9992459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic microvascular complication and cause of blindness in adults under the age of 65. Our results suggest that, when comparing transcriptomes of cultures grown in hypoxic conditions versus room-air, cybrids containing mitochondria from African and Asian diabetic subjects ([Afr + Asi]/DM) have some uniquely different transcriptome profiles compared to European/diabetic (Euro/DM) cybrids (e.g., fatty acid metabolism: EnrichR rank 10 in [Afr + Asi]/DM, rank 85 in Euro/DM; Endocytosis: rank 25 in [Afr + Asi]/DM, rank 5 in Euro/DM; Ubiquitin Mediated Proteolysis: rank 34 in [Afr + Asi]/DM, rank 7 in Euro/DM). As determined by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results, transcription of the gene encoding oleoyl-ACP hydrolase (OLAH) was significantly increased in [Afr + Asi]/DM cybrids compared to Euro/DM cybrids in hypoxic conditions. Additionally, our results show that in hypoxic conditions, Euro/DM cybrids and [Afr + Asi]/DM cybrids show similar decreases in ROS production. All cybrids showed decreased ZO1-minus protein levels, but their phagocytic functions were not significantly altered in hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the "molecular memory" imparted by [Afr + Asi]/DM mtDNA may act through one of the molecular pathways seen in transcriptome analysis, such as fatty acid metabolism, without significantly changing essential RPE functions.
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Yu FSX, Lee PSY, Yang L, Gao N, Zhang Y, Ljubimov AV, Yang E, Zhou Q, Xie L. The impact of sensory neuropathy and inflammation on epithelial wound healing in diabetic corneas. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 89:101039. [PMID: 34991965 PMCID: PMC9250553 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The cornea is an avascular tissue and sensitive to hyperglycemia, resulting in several diabetic corneal complications including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, neuropathy, loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes. The manifestation of DPN in the cornea is referred to as diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy (DNK). Recent studies have revealed that disturbed epithelial-neural-immune cell interactions are a major cause of DNK. The epithelium is supplied by a dense network of sensory nerve endings and dendritic cell processes, and it secretes growth/neurotrophic factors and cytokines to nourish these neighboring cells. In turn, sensory nerve endings release neuropeptides to suppress inflammation and promote epithelial wound healing, while resident immune cells provide neurotrophic and growth factors to support neuronal and epithelial cells, respectively. Diabetes greatly perturbs these interdependencies, resulting in suppressed epithelial proliferation, sensory neuropathy, and a decreased density of dendritic cells. Clinically, this results in a markedly delayed wound healing and impaired sensory nerve regeneration in response to insult and injury. Current treatments for DPN and DNK largely focus on managing the severe complications of the disease. Cell-based therapies hold promise for providing more effective treatment for diabetic keratopathy and corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Yang
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Mao QY, He SY, Hu QY, Lu Y, Niu YX, Li XY, Zhang HM, Qin L, Su Q. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Inhibit Macrophage Efferocytosis of Apoptotic β Cells through Binding to the Receptor for AGEs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1204-1213. [PMID: 35173034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Generally, apoptotic β cells are phagocytosed by macrophages in a process known as "efferocytosis." Efferocytosis is critical to the resolution of inflammation and is impaired in T2DM. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are increased in T2DM, are known to suppress phagocytosis function in macrophages. In this study, we found that AGEs inhibited efferocytosis of apoptotic β cells by primary peritoneal macrophages in C57BL/6J mice or mouse macrophage cell line Raw264.7. Mechanistically, AGEs inhibit efferocytosis by blocking Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activity and cytoskeletal rearrangement through receptor for advanced glycation end products/ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, it was observed that AGEs decreased the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and promoted the proinflammatory ones to modulate the inflammation function of efferocytosis. Taken together, our results indicate that AGEs inhibit efferocytosis through binding to receptor for advanced glycation end products and activating ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase signaling, thereby inhibiting the anti-inflammatory function of efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yun Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Sun-Yue He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Qiu-Yue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yi-Xin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xiao-Yong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
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8
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Lian D, Zhu L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Lin Y, Liu J, Han R, Guo Y, Cai D, Xiao W, Chen Y, He H, Xu D, Zheng C, Wang X, Huang Y, Chen Y. Kakonein restores hyperglycemia‐induced macrophage digestion dysfunction through regulation of cathepsin B‐dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:143-155. [PMID: 35224772 PMCID: PMC9305139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0821-418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In hyperglycemia‐induced complications, macrophages play important roles in disease progression, and altered digestion is a key feature that dictates macrophage function. Recent evidence indicates that kakonein (Ka) possesses anti‐inflammatory activities for hyperglycemia‐induced complication. In this study, we established a mouse model of Nlrp3+/+ and Nlrp3−/− hyperglycemia and administering Ka, primary culture macrophages were tested by engulfing and digesting microbes. The role of macrophages in the cathepsin B–NLRP3 pathway involved in the mechanism of Ka in restoring macrophage digestion function was investigated using biochemical analyses, molecular biotechnology, and microbiology. Ka restored the function of macrophage digestion, which were same characterized by Nlrp3−/− mice. Meanwhile, kakonein could decrease NLRP3 inflammasome products expression and NLRP3/ASC or NLRP3/Casp1 colocalization in macrophage. Interestingly, Ka suppressed inflammasome response not by reducing NLRP3 and ASC expression but by reducing cathepsin B release and activation. And Ka restored macrophage digestion and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation consistent with cathepsin B inhibitor. It is concluded that Ka reduced the release of lysosomal cathepsin B and consequently inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation to prevent macrophage digestion. Hence, Ka may contribute to new targets for treatment of hyperglycemia‐associated dysfunction of macrophage digestion and development of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yunhong Yu
- Department of Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Geriatric Institute Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of clinical pharmacology Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Yike Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Dongpeng Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Chaoyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The school of Dental Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Postdoctoral Research Station Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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9
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Skin Wound Healing: Normal Macrophage Function and Macrophage Dysfunction in Diabetic Wounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164917. [PMID: 34443506 PMCID: PMC8398285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a prominent role in wound healing. In the early stages, they promote inflammation and remove pathogens, wound debris, and cells that have apoptosed. Later in the repair process, they dampen inflammation and secrete factors that regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, leading to neovascularisation and wound closure. The macrophages that coordinate this repair process are complex: they originate from different sources and have distinct phenotypes with diverse functions that act at various times in the repair process. Macrophages in individuals with diabetes are altered, displaying hyperresponsiveness to inflammatory stimulants and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. They also have a reduced ability to phagocytose pathogens and efferocytose cells that have undergone apoptosis. This leads to a reduced capacity to remove pathogens and, as efferocytosis is a trigger for their phenotypic switch, it reduces the number of M2 reparative macrophages in the wound. This can lead to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) forming and contributes to their increased risk of not healing and becoming infected, and potentially, amputation. Understanding macrophage dysregulation in DFUs and how these cells might be altered, along with the associated inflammation, will ultimately allow for better therapies that might complement current treatment and increase DFU’s healing rates.
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10
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Tsai ST, Lin FY, Chen PS, Chiang HY, Kuo CC. Three-year mortality in cryptococcal meningitis: Hyperglycemia predict unfavorable outcome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251749. [PMID: 34048463 PMCID: PMC8162582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence revealed grave prognosis for cryptococcal meningitis (CM), particularly its short-term mortality. However, its long-term survival and prognostic factors remained unknown. This study investigated 3-year mortality and analyzed its predictive factors in patients with CM. This retrospective cohort study with 83 cerebrospinal fluid culture-confirmed CM patients was conducted at China Medical University Hospital from 2003 to 2016. The 3-year mortality rate in patients with CM was 54% (45 deaths among 83 patients). Advanced age, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative state, low Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, decreased hemoglobin and hyperglycemia on diagnosis were associated with 3-year mortality. After multivariate adjustment in the Cox proportional hazard model, only severe hyperglycemia (serum glucose ≥200 mg/dL) on diagnosis could predict 3-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Pei-Shan Chen
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yin Chiang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Pleiotropic consequences of metabolic stress for the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule antigen processing and presentation machinery. Immunity 2021; 54:721-736.e10. [PMID: 33725478 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are often observed in individuals with type II diabetes (T2D) and related mouse models. One dysmetabolic biochemical consequence is the non-enzymatic reaction between sugars, lipids, and proteins, favoring protein glycation, glycoxidation, and lipoxidation. Here, we identified oxidative alterations in key components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule antigen processing and presentation machinery in vivo under conditions of hyperglycemia-induced metabolic stress. These modifications were linked to epitope-specific changes in endosomal processing efficiency, MHC class II-peptide binding, and DM editing activity. Moreover, we observed some quantitative and qualitative changes in the MHC class II immunopeptidome of Ob/Ob mice on a high-fat diet compared with controls, including changes in the presentation of an apolipoprotein B100 peptide associated previously with T2D and metabolic syndrome-related clinical complications. These findings highlight a link between glycation reactions and altered MHC class II antigen presentation that may contribute to T2D complications.
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Kitpipatkun P, Sutummaporn K, Kato K, Murakami T, Kobayashi K, Nakazawa Y, Tanaka R. Silk fibroin/polyurethane patch implantation in hyperglycemic rat model. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:701-713. [PMID: 33653156 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221999227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the complication and histopathological characteristics between the Silk Fibroin/Polyurethanes (SF/PU) and the host response, and to unveil the compatibility of the patch in diabetes individuals. METHODS Rats were divided into DM and control (CT) groups, and the DM group was induced with streptozotocin. All groups underwent the SF/PU patch implantation in the abdominal aorta, and the implanted patches were evaluated at one, two, three, and four weeks after implantation. RESULTS DM group had more fibrosis formation and a delayed endothelialization compared to the CT group. There was no evidence of chronic inflammation in both DM and CT groups. CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis in hyperglycemic individuals could promote the formation of new vascular structures in the implanted patch such as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In summary, the SF/PU patch was no serious complications when implanted under hyperglycemia, and the patch was suitable to implant in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitipat Kitpipatkun
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Rajamangala University of Agriculture and Technology, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Konosuke Kato
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Yaseen H, Khamaisi M. Skin well-being in diabetes: Role of macrophages. Cell Immunol 2020; 356:104154. [PMID: 32795665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in wound healing- along with mediating the acute inflammatory response, macrophages activate cutaneous epithelial cells and promote tissue repair. Diabetes complications, including diabetic chronic wounds, are accompanied by persistent inflammation and macrophage malfunction. Several studies indicate that hyperglycemia induces various alterations that affect macrophage function in wound healing including epigenetic changes, imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators, and insensitivity to proliferative stimuli. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies regarding those alterations and their implications on skin well-being in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Yaseen
- Department of Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT Haifa, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT Haifa, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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14
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Kaymakcalan OE, Abadeer A, Goldufsky JW, Galili U, Karinja SJ, Dong X, Jin JL, Samadi A, Spector JA. Topical α‐gal nanoparticles accelerate diabetic wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:404-413. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer E. Kaymakcalan
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Andrew Abadeer
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | | | - Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Sarah J. Karinja
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Julia L. Jin
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Arash Samadi
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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15
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Chow KM, Szeto CC, Leung CB, Kwan BCH, Law MC, Li PKT. A Risk Analysis of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We studied the clinical characteristics that influence the risk of dialysis-related peritonitis complication in incident Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods A single center, retrospective, observational cohort study was carried out to examine the risk factors of developing a first episode of dialysis-related peritonitis. Results Between 1995 and 2004, 246 incident CAPD patients were recruited for analysis. During the study period of 897.1 patient-years, 85 initial episodes of peritonitis were recorded. The median peritonitis-free time for diabetic subjects was significantly worse than for nondiabetic subjects (49.0 ± 10.5 vs 82.3 ± 12.6 months, p = 0.0019). The difference was due mainly to a higher likelihood of developing peritonitis with gram-negative organisms in patients with diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.038). Low serum albumin concentration was also associated with worse peritonitis-free survival. There was a nonsignificant trend toward an increased risk for peritonitis in the group of patients with cerebrovascular disease. According to multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analysis of time to first peritonitis episode, the two independent risk factors were presence of diabetes mellitus and initial serum albumin concentration. In particular, diabetes mellitus was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.50 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.05 – 2.40 ( p = 0.030) to develop an initial peritonitis. Lower serum albumin level at the start of CAPD was a significant predictor of peritonitis, with hazard ratio of 1.67 for every decrease of 10 g/L, and 95% confidence interval 1.08 – 2.60 ( p = 0.021). Conclusions Our results confirm the susceptibility of diabetic CAPD and hypoalbuminemic patients to peritonitis, and highlight the role of further studies in reducing this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chi Bon Leung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Man Ching Law
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Neethi Raj P, Shaji BV, Haritha V, Anie Y. Neutrophil secretion modulates neutrophil and monocyte functions during hyperglucose and/or hyperinsulin conditions in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocit.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The diminished capacity for wound healing in patients with diabetes contributes to morbidity through ulceration and recurrent infections, loss of function and decreased workplace productivity, increased hospitalisation rates, and rising health-care costs. These are due to diabetes' effects on signalling molecules, cellular cascades, different cell populations, and the vasculature. The function of multiple immune system components including cellular response, blood factors, and vascular tone are all negatively impacted by diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to review the current understanding of immune and vascular dysfunction contributing to impaired wound healing mechanisms in the diabetic population. Normal wound healing mechanisms are reviewed followed by diabetic aberrations to immune and inflammatory function and atherogenesis and angiopathy. DECLARATION OF INTEREST The authors have no financial or personal relationships to people or organisations that could potentially and inappropriately influence their work and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ahmed
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - E L Antonsen
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Medicine - Section of Emergency Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine - Section of Space Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
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18
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Shimoide T, Kawao N, Tamura Y, Okada K, Horiuchi Y, Okumoto K, Kurashimo S, Ishida M, Tatsumi K, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Role of Macrophages and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Delayed Bone Repair in Diabetic Female Mice. Endocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29534207 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Delayed fracture healing is a clinical problem in diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms of diabetic delayed bone repair remain unknown. Here, we investigate the role of macrophages in diabetic delayed bone repair after femoral bone injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient female mice. STZ treatment significantly decreased the numbers of F4/80-positive cells (macrophages) but not granulocyte-differentiation antigen-1-positive cells (neutrophils) at the damaged site on day 2 after femoral bone injury in mice. It significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and CD206 at the damaged site on day 2 after bone injury. Moreover, STZ treatment attenuated a decrease in the number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow induced by bone injury. On the other hand, PAI-1 deficiency significantly attenuated a decrease in the number of F4/80-positive cells induced by STZ treatment at the damaged site on day 2 after bone injury in mice. PAI-1 deficiency did not affect the mRNA levels of iNOS and IL-6 in F4/80- and CD11b-double-positive cells from the bone marrow of the damaged femurs decreased by diabetes in mice. PAI-1 deficiency significantly attenuated the phagocytosis of macrophages at the damaged site suppressed by diabetes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that type 1 diabetes decreases accumulation and phagocytosis of macrophages at the damaged site during early bone repair after femoral bone injury through PAI-1 in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimoide
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | | | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kurashimo
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinson Yeung
- Dental Core Trainee, University Dental Hospital Cardiff/Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XY
| | - Joht Chandan
- Academic Foundation Doctor, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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20
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Hesketh M, Sahin KB, West ZE, Murray RZ. Macrophage Phenotypes Regulate Scar Formation and Chronic Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071545. [PMID: 28714933 PMCID: PMC5536033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and inflammation play a beneficial role during wound repair with macrophages regulating a wide range of processes, such as removal of dead cells, debris and pathogens, through to extracellular matrix deposition re-vascularisation and wound re-epithelialisation. To perform this range of functions, these cells develop distinct phenotypes over the course of wound healing. They can present with a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, more often found in the early stages of repair, through to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes that are pro-repair in the latter stages of wound healing. There is a continuum of phenotypes between these ranges with some cells sharing phenotypes of both M1 and M2 macrophages. One of the less pleasant consequences of quick closure, namely the replacement with scar tissue, is also regulated by macrophages, through their promotion of fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition. Alterations in macrophage number and phenotype disrupt this process and can dictate the level of scar formation. It is also clear that dysregulated inflammation and altered macrophage phenotypes are responsible for hindering closure of chronic wounds. The review will discuss our current knowledge of macrophage phenotype on the repair process and how alterations in the phenotypes might alter wound closure and the final repair quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hesketh
- The Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Katherine B Sahin
- The Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Zoe E West
- The Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Rachael Z Murray
- The Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia.
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21
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Singh M, Kapoor A, McCracken J, Hill B, Bhatnagar A. Aldose reductase (AKR1B) deficiency promotes phagocytosis in bone marrow derived mouse macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 265:16-23. [PMID: 28111134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical drivers of the immune response during infection and inflammation. The pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, cancer and sepsis has been linked with aldose reductase (AR), a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. However, the role of AR in the early stages of innate immunity such as phagocytosis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of AR in regulating the growth and the phagocytic activity of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages (BMMs) from AR-null and wild-type (WT) mice. We found that macrophages derived from AR-null mice were larger in size and had a slower growth rate than those derived from WT mice. The AR-null macrophages also displayed higher basal, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated phagocytic activity than WT macrophages. Moreover, absence of AR led to a marked increase in cellular levels of both ATP and NADPH. These data suggest that metabolic pathways involving AR suppress macrophage energy production, and that inhibition of AR could induce a favorable metabolic state that promotes macrophage phagocytosis. Hence, modulation of macrophage metabolism by inhibition of AR might represent a novel strategy to modulate host defense responses and to modify metabolism to promote macrophage hypertrophy and phagocytosis under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital, Clayton Rd., Richmond Heights, MO, USA
| | | | - Bradford Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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22
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Yamaguchi M, Nakao S, Kaizu Y, Kobayashi Y, Nakama T, Arima M, Yoshida S, Oshima Y, Takeda A, Ikeda Y, Mukai S, Ishibashi T, Sonoda KH. High-Resolution Imaging by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Reveals Two Morphologically Distinct Types of Retinal Hard Exudates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33574. [PMID: 27641223 PMCID: PMC5027520 DOI: 10.1038/srep33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological studies from autopsy specimens have characterized hard exudates as a composition of lipid-laden macrophages or noncellular materials including lipid and proteinaceous substances (hyaline substances). However, the characteristics of hard exudates in living patients have not been examined due to insufficient resolution of existing equipment. In this study, we used adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to examine the characteristics of hard exudates in patients with retinal vascular diseases. High resolution imaging using AO-SLO enables morphological classification of retinal hard exudates into two types, which could not be distinguished either on fundus examination or by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). One, termed a round type, consisted of an accumulation of spherical particles (average diameter of particles: 26.9 ± 4.4 μm). The other, termed an irregular type, comprised an irregularly shaped hyper-reflective deposition. The retinal thickness in regions with round hard exudates was significantly greater than the thickness in regions with irregular hard exudates (P = 0.01 →0.02). This differentiation of retinal hard exudates in patients by AO-SLO may help in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical prognosis of retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneo Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kaizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Wu X, Zhang J, Ge H, Gupte J, Baribault H, Lee KJ, Lemon B, Coberly S, Gong Y, Pan Z, Rulifson IC, Gardner J, Richards WG, Li Y. Soluble CLEC2 Extracellular Domain Improves Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis by Regulating Liver Kupffer Cell Polarization. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:214-24. [PMID: 26151067 PMCID: PMC4489977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of tissue resident macrophages toward the alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is believed to positively impact obesity and insulin resistance. Here we show that the soluble form of the extracellular domain (ECD) of C-type lectin-like receptor 2, CLEC2, regulates Kupffer cell polarization in the liver and improves glucose and lipid parameters in diabetic animal models. Over-expression of Fc-CLEC2(ECD) in mice via in vivo gene delivery, or injection of recombinant Fc-CLEC2(ECD) protein, results in a reduction of blood glucose and liver triglyceride levels and improves glucose tolerance. Furthermore, Fc-CLEC2(ECD) treatment improves cytokine profiles and increases both the M2 macrophage population and the genes involved in the oxidation of lipid metabolism in the liver. These data reveal a previously unidentified role for CLEC2 as a regulator of macrophage polarity, and establish CLEC2 as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of diabetes and liver disease. CLEC2, a type II C-type lectin-like receptor, is expressed on a variety of cell types including Kupffer cells. Overexpression of CLEC2 ECD in mice improves glucose and lipid parameters and induces markers of alternatively activated Kupffer cells. CLEC2 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Wu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jamila Gupte
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Helene Baribault
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Ki Jeong Lee
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Bryan Lemon
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Suzanne Coberly
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Zheng Pan
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Ingrid C Rulifson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - William G Richards
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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Hu H, Jiang H, Ren H, Hu X, Wang X, Han C. AGEs and chronic subclinical inflammation in diabetes: disorders of immune system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:127-37. [PMID: 24846076 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic subclinical inflammation represents a risk factor of type 2 diabetes and several diabetes complications, including neuropathy and atherosclerosis including macro-vasculopathy and micro-vasculopathy. However, the inflammatory response in the diabetic wound was shown to be remarkably hypocellular, unregulated and ineffective. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and one of its receptors, RAGE, were involved in inducing chronic immune imbalance in diabetic patients. Such interactions attracts immune cell into diffused glycated tissue and activates these cells to induce inflammatory damage, but disturbs the normal immune rhythm in diabetic wound. Traditional measurements of AGEs are high-performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry staining, but their application faces the limitations including complexity, cost and lack of reproducibility. A new noninvasive method emerged in 2004, using skin autofluorescence as indicator for AGEs accumulation. It had been reported to be informative in evaluating the chronic risk of diabetic patients. Studies have indicated therapeutic potentials of anti-AGE recipes. These recipes can reduce AGE absorption/de novo formation, block AGE-RAGE interaction and arrest downstream signaling after RAGE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR China
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25
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Restrepo BI, Twahirwa M, Rahbar MH, Schlesinger LS. Phagocytosis via complement or Fc-gamma receptors is compromised in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients with chronic hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92977. [PMID: 24671137 PMCID: PMC3966862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes patients (DM2) have a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) that may be attributed to functional defects in their mononuclear phagocytes given the critical role of these cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis containment. Our previous findings suggest that monocytes from DM2 have reduced association with serum-opsonized M. tuberculosis. To determine if this alteration is due to defects in phagocytosis via complement or Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs), in this study we evaluated the uptake of sheep red blood cells coated with IgG or complement, respectively, by monocytes from individuals with and without DM2. We found that chronic hyperglycemia was significantly associated with reduced phagocytosis via either receptor by univariable and multivariable analyses. This defect was independent of host serum opsonins and flow cytometry data indicated this was not attributed to reduced expression of these phagocytic receptors on DM2 monocytes. The positive correlation between both pathways (R = 0.64; p = 0.003) indicate that monocytes from individuals with chronic hyperglycemia have a defect in the two predominant phagocytic pathways of these cells. Given that phagocytosis is linked to activation of effector mechanisms for bacterial killing, it is likely that this defect is one factor contributing to the higher susceptibility of DM2 patients to pathogens like M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Restrepo
- Division of Epidemiology, UTHealth Houston, School of Public Health at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel Twahirwa
- Joslin Diabetes Center-Doctors Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Kushwaha V, Kumar V, Verma SK, Sharma R, Siddiqi M, Murthy P. Disorganized muscle protein-1 (DIM-1) of filarial parasite Brugia malayi: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, structural modeling and its potential as vaccine candidate for human filarial infection. Vaccine 2014; 32:1693-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsieh YP, Wang SC, Chang CC, Wen YK, Chiu PF, Yang Y. The negative impact of early peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34:627-35. [PMID: 24497590 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis rate has been reported to be associated with technique failure and overall mortality in previous literatures. However, information on the impact of the timing of the first peritonitis episode on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is sparse. The aim of this research is to study the influence of time to first peritonitis on clinical outcomes, including technique failure, patient mortality and dropout from peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted over 10 years at a single PD unit in Taiwan. A total of 124 patients on CAPD with at least one peritonitis episode comprised the study subjects, which were dichotomized by the median of time to first peritonitis into either early peritonitis patients or late peritonitis patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the correlation of the timing of first peritonitis with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Early peritonitis patients were older, more diabetic and had lower serum levels of creatinine than the late peritonitis patients. Early peritonitis patients were associated with worse technique survival, patient survival and stay on PD than late peritonitis patients, as indicated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank test, p = 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate Cox regression model, early peritonitis was still a significant predictor for technique failure (hazard ratio (HR), 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30 - 0.98), patient mortality (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13 - 0.92) and dropout from PD (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 - 0.82). In continuous analyses, a 1-month increase in the time to the first peritonitis episode was associated with a 2% decreased risk of technique failure (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 - 0.99), a 3% decreased risk of patient mortality (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95 - 0.99), and a 2% decreased risk of dropout from PD (HR, 98%; 95% CI, 0.97 - 0.99). Peritonitis rate was inversely correlated with time to first peritonitis according to the Spearman analysis (r = -0.64, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Time to first peritonitis is significantly correlated with clinical outcomes of peritonitis patients with early peritonitis patients having poor prognosis. Patients with shorter time to first peritonitis were prone to having a higher peritonitis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Peng Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ko Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Fang Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu B, Walker JA, Temmermand D, Mian K, Spur B, Rodriguez A, Stein TP, Banerjee P, Yin K. Lipoxin A(4) promotes more complete inflammation resolution in sepsis compared to stable lipoxin A(4) analog. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:47-53. [PMID: 23688707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In sepsis, excessive inflammation may lead to organ injury or a paradoxical immunosuppressed state where the host is unable to clear preexisting infection. Resolution of inflammation is the process which restores tissue homeostasis and ensures that a chronic cycle of infection/inflammation does not occur. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is one of a family of lipid mediators with novel inflammation resolution activity. We compared the actions of LXA4 to the stable 15-epi-16-(para-fluorophenoxy)-lipoxin A4 methyl ester (LXA4 analog) in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Both LXA4 compounds (at 7 μg/kg; i.v.) reduced plasma TNFα and IL-6 concentrations compared to rats given vehicle saline. Neither treatment altered plasma IL-10 compared to CLP given saline, but LXA4 analog, increased plasma IL-10 concentrations compared to rats given LXA4. LXA4 reduced blood bacterial load but the LXA4 analog did not. LXA4 increased 8 day survival and the LXA4 analog did not have a significant effect. To examine possible mechanisms for the differences, we investigated peritoneal leukocyte gene expression of iNOS and macrophage phagocytic ability. Only LXA4 increased the percentage of phagocytic peritoneal macrophages. LXA4 reduced neutrophil gene expression of iNOS compared to CLP rats given vehicle, while the LXA4 analog did not. Our results suggest that at doses which reduced systemic inflammation, only LXA4 inhibited bacterial spread and increased survival. This difference may be due to the shorter-lived compound being able to increase macrophage phagocytosis and reduce neutrophil iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey School of Osteopathic Medicine, NJ, USA
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Tang Y, Zhang MJ, Hellmann J, Kosuri M, Bhatnagar A, Spite M. Proresolution therapy for the treatment of delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Diabetes 2013; 62:618-27. [PMID: 23043160 PMCID: PMC3554373 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are emerging global epidemics associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. A characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes is delayed wound healing, which increases the risk of recurrent infections, tissue necrosis, and limb amputation. In health, inflammation is actively resolved by endogenous mediators, such as the resolvins. D-series resolvins are generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and promote macrophage-mediated clearance of microbes and apoptotic cells. However, it is not clear how type 2 diabetes affects the resolution of inflammation. Here, we report that resolution of acute peritonitis is delayed in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Altered resolution was associated with decreased apoptotic cell and Fc receptor-mediated macrophage clearance. Treatment with resolvin D1 (RvD1) enhanced resolution of peritonitis, decreased accumulation of apoptotic thymocytes in diabetic mice, and stimulated diabetic macrophage phagocytosis. Conversion of DHA to monohydroxydocosanoids, markers of resolvin biosynthesis, was attenuated in diabetic wounds, and local application of RvD1 accelerated wound closure and decreased accumulation of apoptotic cells and macrophages in the wounds. These findings support the notion that diabetes impairs resolution of wound healing and demonstrate that stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators could be a novel approach to treating chronic, nonhealing wounds in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Tang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael J. Zhang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Madhavi Kosuri
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Matthew Spite
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Rafehi H, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:554-61. [PMID: 22739801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease associated with both predisposing genetic and environmental factors, is increasing globally. As a result, it is expected that there will also be an increasing incidence of diabetic complications which arise as a result of poor glycemic control. Complications include cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy and diabetic foot ulcers. The findings of several major clinical trials have identified that diabetic complications may arise even after many years of proper glycemic control. This has led to the concept of persistent epigenetic changes. Various epigenetic mechanisms have been identified as important contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes with an emphasis on complications, particularly diabetic foot ulcers. An overview of epigenetic mechanisms is provided and the focus is on the emerging evidence for aberrant epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Raynaud-Simon A, Belabed L, Le Naour G, Marc J, Capron F, Cynober L, Darquy S. Arginine plus proline supplementation elicits metabolic adaptation that favors wound healing in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R1053-61. [PMID: 23034717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00003.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients with wounds are at risk of protein malnutrition, have low arginine plasma levels, and suffer from delayed wound healing. We sought to determine the efficacy of arginine plus proline supplementation on protein and amino acid metabolism and on wound repair in a model of diabetic rats. Eighteen 11-wk-old Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa male rats underwent a 7-cm abdominal skin incision with implantation of sponges and daily excision of full-thickness round sections of dorsal skin for 5 days. They were randomized to be fed with either a standard formula (S group, Clinutren Iso), a high-protein and arginine (ARG) plus proline (PRO)-enriched formula (ARG+PRO group, Clinutren Repair), or an isonitrogenous isoenergetic control formula (IC group). Nitrogen balance was calculated daily. The rats were euthanized on day 5, and plasma glucose, insulin, amino acids, skin epithelialization, and angiogenesis were measured. In macrophages, we assessed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression, production of nitric oxide (NO) and amino acid metabolism. Both the ARG+PRO and IC groups showed improved nitrogen balance. ARG plus PRO supplementation increased proline and branched-chain amino acid plasma concentrations and improved angiogenesis. Arginase and iNOS expressions in macrophages were reduced, together with NO and citrulline production. In diabetic rats, ARG plus PRO supplementation improves wound angiogenesis and favors whole body protein metabolism. Low macrophage iNOS expression at day 5 may reflect a low inflammatory state in the wounds, favoring wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raynaud-Simon
- Department of Experimental, Metabolic and Clinical Biology, EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Altered polarization, morphology, and impaired innate immunity germane to resident peritoneal macrophages in mice with long-term type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:867023. [PMID: 23093868 PMCID: PMC3469280 DOI: 10.1155/2012/867023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with perturbed innate immunity. Macrophages, bridging innate immunity and metabolic disturbances, play important roles in controlling immune homeostasis. However, the effect of long-term diabetic milieu (DM) on the functions and phenotypes of macrophages is still not clear. In this study, we used resident peritoneal macrophages (RPMs) from 5-month-old db/db mice to investigate the changes of macrophages. It was found that RPMs in db/db mice significantly reduced phagocytosis and adhesion capacity. After standardization with body weight, the number of F4/80+ RPMs markedly reduced in db/db mice, and, furthermore, the macrophages skewed to M2-polarizated macrophages. The results of morphology found that the RPMs shape of db/db mice was nearly round, but the RPMs shape of control mice was spindle-shaped and irregular. In this study, we found the cell numbers, morphology, and innate immunity functions of RPMs in 5-month-old type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice) obtained by abdominal cavity lavage were significantly altered. Importantly, we also found the remarkably increased M2-RPMs in diabetic mice for the first time.
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Johno H, Ogata R, Nakajima S, Hiramatsu N, Kobayashi T, Hara H, Kitamura M. Acidic stress–ER stress axis for blunted activation of NF-κB in mesothelial cells exposed to peritoneal dialysis fluid. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:4053-60. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Defective wound healing is one of the most prominent clinical manifestations of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As the global rates of diabetes increase, a detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular defects that give rise to unresolved inflammation and delayed wound healing in diabetes is urgently required. Emerging evidence indicates that timely resolution of inflammation is mediated in part by endogenous proresolving lipid mediators, such as resolvins. Here, we review recent advances in the area of resolution and diabetes and highlight the potential of novel proresolving strategies for promoting wound healing in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage dysfunction is a critical underlying feature of altered wound healing in diabetic patients. This is associated with defective clearance of apoptotic cells, increased risk of infection, and altered angiogenesis. Diabetes and obesity are associated with chronic inflammation and altered biosynthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that promote the resolution of inflammation. Stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators improves metabolic parameters in diabetes, blunts systemic inflammation, restores defective macrophage phagocytosis, and accelerates wound healing in animal models of obesity and diabetes. SUMMARY Stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators may represent a novel strategy for promoting wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hellmann
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Yunan Tang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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Hodgson KA, Morris JL, Feterl ML, Govan BL, Ketheesan N. Altered macrophage function is associated with severe Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a murine model of type 2 diabetes. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:1177-84. [PMID: 21835260 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study used a murine model of type 2 diabetes (BKS.Cg-Dock7(m) +/+Lepr(db)/J mice) to investigate the inflammatory and cellular mechanisms predisposing to Burkholderia pseudomallei infection and co-morbid diabetes. Homozygous db/db (diabetic) mice developed extreme obesity, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance leading to hyperglycaemia and overt type 2 diabetes. Compared to their heterozygous db/+ (non-diabetic) littermates, diabetic mice rapidly succumbed to subcutaneous B. pseudomallei infection, paralleled by severe hypoglycaemia and increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, in the spleen, despite comparable bacterial loads in the spleen of non-diabetic mice. Neutrophil oxidative burst and dendritic cell uptake and killing of B. pseudomallei were similar between diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Compared to peritoneal macrophages from non-diabetic mice, macrophages from diabetic mice were unable to contain and kill B. pseudomallei. Functional differences between macrophages of diabetic and non-diabetic mice toward B. pseudomallei may contribute to rapid dissemination and more severe disease progression in hosts with co-morbid type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hodgson
- Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Lee JY, Cha KH, Chae BJ, Ohh SJ. Supplementation of Either Conjugated Linoleic Acid or γ-linolenic Acid with or without Carnitine to Pig Diet Affect Flavor of Pork and Neutrophil Phagocytosis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2011.53.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Banerjee D, Bhattacharyya R, Kaul D, Sharma P. Diabetes and tuberculosis. Adv Clin Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385855-9.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rafehi H, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Genetic and epigenetic events in diabetic wound healing. Int Wound J 2010; 8:12-21. [PMID: 21159125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2010.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the chronic metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, is expected to increase in the coming years and worldwide pandemic levels are predicted. Inevitably, this will be accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of diabetic complications, including diabetic foot ulcers. At present, treatment options for diabetic foot ulcers are in many cases insufficient, and progression of the condition results in the requirement for limb amputation in a proportion of patients. To improve therapy, an increase in our understanding of the pathobiology of diabetic complications such as impaired wound healing is necessary. In this review, recent advances in molecular aspects of normal and impaired diabetic wound healing are discussed. Furthermore, investigations of the role of epigenetic processes in the pathogenesis of impaired diabetic wound healing are now emerging. Indeed, epigenetic changes have already been identified as key factors in diabetes and related complications and these are overviewed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ciudin A, Hernández C, Simó R. Iron overload in diabetic retinopathy: a cause or a consequence of impaired mechanisms? EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2010; 2010:714108. [PMID: 20827392 PMCID: PMC2935195 DOI: 10.1155/2010/714108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential ion for life, playing a central role in many metabolic processes. The most important property of free iron is its capacity to be reversibly oxidized and reduced, but at same time this make it highly pro-oxidant molecule. In this regard, iron is able to generate powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this reason, careful control on iron availability is central to the maintenance of normal cell function in the retina. In the diabetic eye there is an impairment of iron homeostasis, thus leading to iron overload. The mechanisms involved in this process include: (1) Destruction of heme molecules induced by hyperglycemia (2) Intraretinal and vitreal hemorrhages (3) Overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system. The main consequences of iron overload are the following: (1) Retinal neurodegeneration due to the increase of oxidative stress (2) Increase of AGE-RAGE binding (3) Defective phagocytosis of retinal pigment epithelium, which generates the accumulation of autoantigens and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Further studies addressed to explore not only the role of iron in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, but also to design novel therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of iron homeostasis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ciudin
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Unidad de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Paseo Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Unidad de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Paseo Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Unidad de Diabetes y Metabolismo, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Paseo Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Khanna S, Biswas S, Shang Y, Collard E, Azad A, Kauh C, Bhasker V, Gordillo GM, Sen CK, Roy S. Macrophage dysfunction impairs resolution of inflammation in the wounds of diabetic mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9539. [PMID: 20209061 PMCID: PMC2832020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a characteristic feature of diabetic cutaneous wounds. We sought to delineate novel mechanisms involved in the impairment of resolution of inflammation in diabetic cutaneous wounds. At the wound-site, efficient dead cell clearance (efferocytosis) is a pre-requisite for the timely resolution of inflammation and successful healing. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Macrophages isolated from wounds of diabetic mice showed significant impairment in efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytosis was associated with significantly higher burden of apoptotic cells in wound tissue as well as higher expression of pro-inflammatory and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Observations related to apoptotic cell load at the wound site in mice were validated in the wound tissue of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Forced Fas ligand driven elevation of apoptotic cell burden at the wound site augmented pro-inflammatory and attenuated anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Furthermore, successful efferocytosis switched wound macrophages from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory mode. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, this study presents first evidence demonstrating that diabetic wounds suffer from dysfunctional macrophage efferocytosis resulting in increased apoptotic cell burden at the wound site. This burden, in turn, prolongs the inflammatory phase and complicates wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Khanna
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sabyasachi Biswas
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yingli Shang
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric Collard
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ali Azad
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Courtney Kauh
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vineet Bhasker
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gayle M. Gordillo
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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The retinal pigment epithelium: something more than a constituent of the blood-retinal barrier--implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:190724. [PMID: 20182540 PMCID: PMC2825554 DOI: 10.1155/2010/190724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is an specialized epithelium lying in the interface between the neural retina and the choriocapillaris where it forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The main functions of the RPE are the following: (1) transport of nutrients, ions, and water, (2) absorption of light and protection against photooxidation, (3) reisomerization of all-trans-retinal into 11-cis-retinal, which is crucial for the visual cycle, (4) phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor membranes, and (5) secretion of essential factors for the structural integrity of the retina. An overview of these functions will be given. Most of the research on the physiopathology of diabetic retinopathy has been focused on the impairment of the neuroretina and the breakdown of the inner BRB. By contrast, the effects of diabetes on the RPE and in particular on its secretory activity have received less attention. In this regard, new therapeutic strategies addressed to modulating RPE impairment are warranted.
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Guimarães AJ, Frases S, Cordero RJB, Nimrichter L, Casadevall A, Nosanchuk JD. Cryptococcus neoformans responds to mannitol by increasing capsule size in vitro and in vivo. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:740-53. [PMID: 20070311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide capsule of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is its main virulence factor. In this study, we determined the effects of mannitol and glucose on the capsule and exopolysaccharide production. Growth in mannitol significantly increased capsular volume compared with cultivation in glucose. However, cells grown in glucose concentrations higher than 62.5 mM produced more exopolysaccharide than cells grown in mannitol. The fibre lengths and glycosyl composition of capsular polysaccharide from yeast grown in mannitol was structurally different from that of yeast grown in glucose. Furthermore, mannitol treatment of mice infected intratracheally with C. neoformans resulted in fungal cells with significantly larger capsules and the mice had reduced fungal dissemination to the brain. Our results demonstrate the capacity of carbohydrate source and concentration to modify the expression of a major virulence factor of C. neoformans. These findings may impact the clinical management of cryptococcosis.
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Peppa M, Stavroulakis P, Raptis SA. Advanced glycoxidation products and impaired diabetic wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:461-72. [PMID: 19614910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is an important diabetic complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It appears to be the net result of micro- and macrovascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy and the resulting loss of protective sensation (LOPS) has been recognized as one of the major causes for delayed healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients. In addition, hyperglycemia and a number of hyperglycemia-related factors have been linked to impaired diabetic wound healing, including advanced glycation end products (AGE). A large body of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies and also data from studies using anti-AGE agents, indicate that AGE may play a role in the pathogenesis of impaired diabetic wound healing. AGE affect the wound healing process either directly by their interference with a variety of components involved or indirectly through their association with diabetic neuropathy and/or angiopathy. However, further studies need to be performed, mostly clinical studies, to evaluate the exact role of AGE in the impaired diabetic wound healing, suggesting new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Morran MP, Alexander LA, Slotterbeck BD, McInerney MF. Dysfunctional innate immune responsiveness toPorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide in diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:331-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Miranda DTSZ, Batista VG, Grando FCC, Paula FM, Felício CA, Rubbo GFS, Fernandes LC, Curi R, Nishiyama A. Soy lecithin supplementation alters macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte response to concanavalin A: a study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 26:859-65. [PMID: 18846580 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dietary soy lecithin supplementation decreases hyperlipidemia and influences lipid metabolism. Although this product is used by diabetic patients, there are no data about the effect of soy lecithin supplementation on the immune system. The addition of phosphatidylcholine, the main component of lecithin, to a culture of lymphocytes has been reported to alter their function. If phosphatidylcholine changes lymphocyte functions in vitro as previously shown, then it could also affect immune cells in vivo. In the present study, the effect of dietary soy lecithin on macrophage phagocytic capacity and on lymphocyte number in response to concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation was investigated in non-diabetic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Supplementation was carried out daily with 2 g kg(-1) b.w. lecithin during 7 days. After that, blood was drawn from fasting rats and peritoneal macrophages and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were collected to determine the phospholipid content. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), total and HDL cholesterol and glucose levels were also determined. Lymphocytes were stimulated by ConA. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) dye reduction method and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate lymphocyte metabolism and cell number, respectively. Soy lecithin supplementation significantly increased both macrophage phagocytic capacity (+29%) in non-diabetic rats and the lymphocyte number in diabetic rats (+92%). It is unlikely that plasma lipid levels indirectly affect immune cells, since plasma cholesterol, TAG, or phospholipid content was not modified by lecithin supplementation. In conclusion, lymphocyte and macrophage function were altered by lecithin supplementation, indicating an immunomodulatory effect of phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalva T S Z Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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The role of interferon-gamma in the increased tuberculosis risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 27:97-103. [PMID: 17962984 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis, we hypothesized that this susceptibility to mycobacterial infection is due to a defective Th1-cytokine response. To explore this hypothesis, we examined four groups of subjects in Indonesia: 23 patients with tuberculosis, 34 patients with tuberculosis and diabetes, 32 patients with diabetes only and 36 healthy controls. Ex-vivo production of interferon (IFN)gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, 6, 10, -12 and -4 was measured following stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and phytohaemagglutinin. Patients with active tuberculosis were found to have lower IFNgamma levels and a higher production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-4, both in the presence and absence of diabetes. Diabetes patients without tuberculosis, however, showed strongly reduced non-specific IFNgamma production, which is essential for inhibition of the initial growth of M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that a defective non-specific immune response in diabetes may contribute to an increased susceptibility to develop tuberculosis.
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Martens GW, Arikan MC, Lee J, Ren F, Greiner D, Kornfeld H. Tuberculosis susceptibility of diabetic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:518-24. [PMID: 17585110 PMCID: PMC2048677 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0478oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to infections, including tuberculosis (TB), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Despite the clinical importance of this problem, little is known about how diabetes impairs protective immunity. We modeled this phenomenon by infecting acute (< or = 1 mo) or chronic (> or = 3 mo) diabetic mice with a low aerosol dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Erdman. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment of C57BL/6 mice, while another mouse strain and diabetes model were used to confirm key observations. Lungs from acute diabetic and euglycemic mice had similar bacterial burdens, cytokine expression profiles, and histopathology. In contrast, chronic diabetic mice had > 1 log higher bacterial burden and more inflammation in the lung compared with euglycemic mice. The expression of adaptive immunity was delayed in chronic diabetic mice, shown by reduced early production of IFN-gamma in the lung and by the presence of fewer Mtb antigen (ESAT-6)-responsive T cells compared with euglycemic mice within the first month of infection. However, after 2 months of TB disease proinflammatory cytokines levels were higher in chronic diabetic than euglycemic mice. Here we show that Mtb infection of STZ-treated mice provides a useful model to study the effects of hyperglycemia on immunity. Our data indicate that the initiation of adaptive immunity is impaired by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in a higher steady-state burden of Mtb in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Martens
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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Weekers F, Van den Berghe G. Endocrine modifications and interventions during critical illness. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 63:443-50. [PMID: 15373956 DOI: 10.1079/pns2004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing hypermetabolic response in patients with prolonged critical illness leads to the loss of lean tissue mass. Since the cachexia of prolonged illness is usually associated with low concentrations of anabolic hormones, hormonal intervention has been thought to be beneficial. However, most interventions have been shown to be ineffective and their indiscriminate use even causes harm. Before considering endocrine intervention in these frail patients, a detailed understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the stress response is warranted. It is now clear that the acute phase and the later phase of critical illness behave differently from an endocrinological point of view. The acute stress reponse consists primarily of an actively-secreting pituitary in the presence of low circulating peripheral anabolic hormones, suggesting resistance of the peripheral tissues to the effects of anterior pituitary hormones. However, when the disease process becomes prolonged, there is a uniformly-reduced pulsatile secretion of anterior pituitary hormones with proportionally reduced concentrations of peripheral anabolic hormones. The origin of this suppressed pituitary secretion is located in the hypothalamus, as hypothalamic secretagogues can reactivate the anterior pituitary and restore pulsatile secretion. The reactivated pituitary secretion is accompanied by an increase in peripheral target hormones, indicating at least partial sensitivity of these tissues to anterior pituitary hormones in this chronic phase of illness. Thus, endocrine intervention with a combination of hypothalamic secretagogues that more completely reactivate the anterior pituitary could be a more physiological and effective strategy for inducing anabolism in patients with prolonged critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weekers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Belgium
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Lecleire-Collet A, Tessier LH, Massin P, Forster V, Brasseur G, Sahel JA, Picaud S. Advanced glycation end products can induce glial reaction and neuronal degeneration in retinal explants. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 89:1631-3. [PMID: 16299145 PMCID: PMC1772999 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neuronal degeneration has been reported to occur in diabetic retinopathy before the onset of detectable microvascular abnormalities. To investigate whether advanced glycation end products (AGE) could be directly responsible for retinal neurodegeneration, retinal explants were incubated with glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA). METHODS Retinal explants obtained from non-diabetic adult rats were incubated 4 days with or without 200 mug/ml glycated BSA. Neural apoptosis was quantified by terminal dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) binding and immunostaining with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was localised by immunofluorescence. RESULTS TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells increased significantly by 2.2-fold and 2.5-fold in retinal explants incubated in glycated BSA (p<0.05), respectively. The ganglion cell layer was the most sensitive retinal layer to the glycated BSA. Neuronal degeneration was confirmed by the increased GFAP labelling in Müller glial cells from retinal explants treated with glycated BSA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AGE could induce retinal neurodegeneration in the absence of blood perfusion. Cells in the ganglion cell layer appeared to be the most sensitive as in diabetic retinopathy and its animal models. AGE toxicity could therefore contribute to the early pathological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lecleire-Collet
- INSERM-U592, Laboratory of Retinal Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Bâtiment Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
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Turina M, Fry DE, Polk HC. Acute hyperglycemia and the innate immune system: clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:1624-33. [PMID: 16003073 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000170106.61978.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To extract from the biomedical literature the reported effects of acute hyperglycemia on the major components of the innate immune system and to describe the clinical benefits of strict blood glucose control in certain patients. DATA SOURCE AND SELECTION A Medline/PubMed search (1966 to July 2004) with manual cross-referencing was conducted, including all relevant articles investigating the effects of acutely elevated glucose levels on innate immunity. All publication types, languages, or subsets were searched. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Original and selected review articles, short communications, letters to the editor, and chapters of selected textbooks were extracted. Most recent and relevant clinical trials were reviewed for the introductory section to provide the clinical background to this topic. The selected bench laboratory articles were then divided into three main categories based on the timing of events: a) the early phase of the innate immune reaction; b) the cytokine network; and c) the phagocytic phase. The most obvious findings related to hyperglycemia included reduced neutrophil activity (e.g., chemotaxis, formation of reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis of bacteria), despite accelerated diapedesis of leukocytes into peripheral tissue, as well as specific alterations of cytokine patterns with increased concentrations of the early proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Furthermore, a reduction of endothelial nitric oxide formation takes place, thus decreasing microvascular reactivity to dilating agents such as bradykinin, and complement function (e.g., opsonization, chemotaxis) is impaired, despite elevations of certain complement factors. CONCLUSIONS Acute, short-term hyperglycemia affects all major components of innate immunity and impairs the ability of the host to combat infection, even though certain distinctive proinflammatory alterations of the immune response can be observed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Turina
- Department of Surgery, the Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
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