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Tosur M, Soler-Alfonso C, Chan KM, Khayat MM, Jhangiani SN, Meng Q, Refaey A, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Murdock DR, Posey JE, Balasubramanyam A, Redondo MJ, Sabo A. Exome sequencing in children with clinically suspected maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:960-968. [PMID: 34387403 PMCID: PMC8530905 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commercial gene panels identify pathogenic variants in as low as 27% of patients suspected to have MODY, suggesting the role of yet unidentified pathogenic variants. We sought to identify novel gene variants associated with MODY. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 10 children with a clinical suspicion of MODY but non-diagnostic commercial MODY gene panels. We performed exome sequencing (ES) in them and their parents. RESULTS Mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 10 (± 3.8) years. Six were females; 4 were non-Hispanic white, 5 Hispanic, and 1 Asian. Our variant prioritization analysis identified a pathogenic, de novo variant in INS (c.94G > A, p.Gly32Ser), confirmed by Sanger sequencing, in a proband who was previously diagnosed with "autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes (T1D)" at 3 y/o. This rare variant, absent in the general population (gnomAD database), has been reported previously in neonatal diabetes. We also identified a frameshift deletion (c.2650delC, p.Gln884AsnfsTer57) in RFX6 in a child with a previous diagnosis of "autoantibody-negative T1D" at 12 y/o. The variant was inherited from the mother, who was diagnosed with "thin type 2 diabetes" at 25 y/o. Heterozygous protein-truncating variants in RFX6 gene have been recently reported in individuals with MODY. CONCLUSIONS We diagnosed two patients with MODY using ES in children initially classified as "T1D". One has a likely pathogenic novel gene variant not previously associated with MODY. We demonstrate the clinical utility of ES in patients with clinical suspicion of MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, The Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Soler-Alfonso
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie M Chan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael M Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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de Santana LS, Caetano LA, Costa‐Riquetto AD, Franco PC, Dotto RP, Reis AF, Weinert LS, Silveiro SP, Vendramini MF, do Prado FA, Abrahão GCP, de Almeida AGFP, Tavares MDGR, Gonçalves WRB, Santomauro Junior AC, Halpern B, Jorge AAL, Nery M, Teles MG. Targeted sequencing identifies novel variants in common and rare MODY genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e962. [PMID: 31595705 PMCID: PMC6900361 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of monogenic diabetes with autosomal dominant inheritance. To date, mutations in 11 genes have been frequently associated with this phenotype. In Brazil, few cohorts have been screened for MODY, all using a candidate gene approach, with a high prevalence of undiagnosed cases (MODY-X). METHODS We conducted a next-generation sequencing target panel (tNGS) study to investigate, for the first time, a Brazilian cohort of MODY patients with a negative prior genetic analysis. One hundred and two patients were selected, of which 26 had an initial clinical suspicion of MODY-GCK and 76 were non-GCK MODY. RESULTS After excluding all benign and likely benign variants and variants of uncertain significance, we were able to assign a genetic cause for 12.7% (13/102) of the probands. Three rare MODY subtypes were identified (PDX1/NEUROD1/ABCC8), and eight variants had not been previously described/mapped in genomic databases. Important clinical findings were evidenced in some cases after genetic diagnosis, such as MODY-PDX1/HNF1B. CONCLUSION A multiloci genetic approach allowed the identification of rare MODY subtypes, reducing the large percentage of MODY-X in Brazilian cases and contributing to a better clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characterization of these rare phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S. de Santana
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Lilian A. Caetano
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
- Diabetes UnitClinics HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Aline D. Costa‐Riquetto
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
- Diabetes UnitClinics HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Pedro C. Franco
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
- Diabetes UnitClinics HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Renata P. Dotto
- Departamento de MedicinaDisciplina de EndocrinologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - André F. Reis
- Departamento de MedicinaDisciplina de EndocrinologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcio F. Vendramini
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (HSPE‐SP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Flaviene A. do Prado
- Hospital Regional de Taguatinga da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito FederalTaguatingaDFBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Augusto C. Santomauro Junior
- Serviço de Endocrinologia Prof. Dr. Fadlo Fraige FilhoHospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo (BP‐SP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Bruno Halpern
- Departamento de Endocrinologia e MetabologiaHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Alexander A. L. Jorge
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Marcia Nery
- Diabetes UnitClinics HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Milena G. Teles
- Monogenic Diabetes GroupGenetic Endocrinology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology/LIM25School of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
- Diabetes UnitClinics HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo (USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil
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3
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Oliveira SC, Neves JS, Pérez A, Carvalho D. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young: From a molecular basis perspective toward the clinical phenotype and proper management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 67:137-147. [PMID: 31718996 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) comprises a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders characterized by primary defect in pancreatic β-cell function, early onset and autosomal dominant inheritance, accounting for about 1-5% of all diabetes diagnoses. Mutations in 14 genes are responsible for the majority of all MODY cases described so far. The clinical phenotype relies on genetic defects, with important implications in the optimal treatment and prognosis definition. MODY's early diagnosis remains a challenge, since this group of inherited disorders comprises a large clinical spectrum and it usually overlaps with other types of diabetes, requiring a high index of suspicion even if the definitive statement demands a molecular genetic study. Recent advances on the genetic determinants and pathophysiology of MODY have allowed a better understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms, providing a proper genetic counseling and early diagnosis. These new management insights will make possible to set up new therapeutic strategies, with drugs able to prevent, correct or at least delay the decline of pancreatic β-cell function, thus affording for a more personalized treatment and, ultimately, for a better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Castro Oliveira
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermidades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Patel KA, Kettunen J, Laakso M, Stančáková A, Laver TW, Colclough K, Johnson MB, Abramowicz M, Groop L, Miettinen PJ, Shepherd MH, Flanagan SE, Ellard S, Inagaki N, Hattersley AT, Tuomi T, Cnop M, Weedon MN. Heterozygous RFX6 protein truncating variants are associated with MODY with reduced penetrance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:888. [PMID: 29026101 PMCID: PMC5638866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding new causes of monogenic diabetes helps understand glycaemic regulation in humans. To find novel genetic causes of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), we sequenced MODY cases with unknown aetiology and compared variant frequencies to large public databases. From 36 European patients, we identify two probands with novel RFX6 heterozygous nonsense variants. RFX6 protein truncating variants are enriched in the MODY discovery cohort compared to the European control population within ExAC (odds ratio = 131, P = 1 × 10-4). We find similar results in non-Finnish European (n = 348, odds ratio = 43, P = 5 × 10-5) and Finnish (n = 80, odds ratio = 22, P = 1 × 10-6) replication cohorts. RFX6 heterozygotes have reduced penetrance of diabetes compared to common HNF1A and HNF4A-MODY mutations (27, 70 and 55% at 25 years of age, respectively). The hyperglycaemia results from beta-cell dysfunction and is associated with lower fasting and stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels. Our study demonstrates that heterozygous RFX6 protein truncating variants are associated with MODY with reduced penetrance.Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common subtype of familial diabetes. Here, Patel et al. use targeted DNA sequencing of MODY patients and large-scale publically available data to show that RFX6 heterozygous protein truncating variants cause reduced penetrance MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jarno Kettunen
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Research Program of Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70029, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70029, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70029, Finland
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- IRIBHM, Genetics Department, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE, 20502, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
- Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Maggie H Shepherd
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Research Program of Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1070, Belgium.
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1070, Belgium.
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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5
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López-Barradas A, González-Cid T, Vázquez N, Gavi-Maza M, Reyes-Camacho A, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Ramírez V, Zandi-Nejad K, Mount DB, Torres N, Tovar AR, Romero MF, Gamba G, Plata C. Insulin and SGK1 reduce the function of Na+/monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1/SLC5A8). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C720-C734. [PMID: 27488665 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SMCTs move several important fuel molecules that are involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, but their regulation has been poorly studied. Insulin controls the translocation of several solutes that are involved in energetic cellular metabolism, including glucose. We studied the effect of insulin on the function of human SMCT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The addition of insulin reduced α-keto-isocaproate (KIC)-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 29%. Consistent with this result, the coinjection of SMCT1 with SGK1 cRNA decreased the KIC-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 34%. The reduction of SMCT1 activity by SGK1 depends on its kinase activity, and it was observed that the coinjection of SMCT1 with S442D-SGK1 (a constitutively active mutant) decreased the KIC-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 50%. In contrast, an SMCT1 coinjection with K127M-SGK1 (an inactive mutant) had no effect on the KIC-dependent Na+ uptake. The decreasing SMCT1 function by insulin or SGK1 was corroborated by measuring [1-14C]acetate uptake and the electric currents of SMCT1-injected oocytes. Previously, we found that SMCT2/Slc5a12-mRNA, but not SMCT1/Slc5a8-mRNA, is present in zebrafish pancreas (by in situ hybridization); however, SLC5a8 gene silencing was associated with the development of human pancreatic cancer. We confirmed that the mRNA and protein of both transporters were present in rat pancreas using RT-PCR with specific primers, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, significant propionate-dependent 22Na+ uptake occurred in pancreatic islets and was reduced by insulin treatment. Our data indicate that human SMCT1 is regulated by insulin and SGK1 and that both SMCTs are present in the mammalian pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana López-Barradas
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania González-Cid
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Vázquez
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Gavi-Maza
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Reyes-Camacho
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Ramírez
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David B Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Plata
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico;
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6
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Kohane IS. Deeper, longer phenotyping to accelerate the discovery of the genetic architectures of diseases. Genome Biol 2016; 15:115. [PMID: 25165795 PMCID: PMC4054856 DOI: 10.1186/gb4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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8
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Chen K, Jin X, Li Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang J. Association of TRPC1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in Han Chinese population. Endocr Res 2013; 38:59-68. [PMID: 23544998 PMCID: PMC3619450 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2012.681824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent genome-wide association studies reveal that chromosome 3q resides within the linkage region for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D and T2D). The TRPC1 gene is on chromosome 3q22-24, and it has been demonstrated that TRPC1 expression is reduced in the kidney of diabetic animal models. Genetic association of TRPC1 polymorphism with T1D and DN has been reported in European Americans. However, there are no studies reporting the association of TRPC1 genetic polymorphism with T2D with and without DN in Chinese population. This study aimed to demonstrate the genetic role of TRPC1 in the development of T2D with and without DN in Chinese Han population. A genetic association study of TRPC1 was performed in T2D cases and in nondiabetic controls from Han population located in Northern Chinese areas. Six tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from HapMap data were genotyped. Among the six SNPs, only rs7638459 was suspected as risk factor of T2D without DN, fitting the log-additive model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the CC genotyping was 2.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-5.68), compared with the TT genotyping. In addition, rs953239 was found to be a protective factor of getting DN in T2D, also fitting the log-additive model. When compared with the AA genotyping for SNP rs953239, the adjusted OR for CC genotyping was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.44-0.99). To summarize, this study shows that TRPC1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with T2D and DN in T2D in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Chen
- Departmentof Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehua Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Departmentof Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departmentof Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Departmentof Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Bonnefond A, Philippe J, Durand E, Dechaume A, Huyvaert M, Montagne L, Marre M, Balkau B, Fajardy I, Vambergue A, Vatin V, Delplanque J, Le Guilcher D, De Graeve F, Lecoeur C, Sand O, Vaxillaire M, Froguel P. Whole-exome sequencing and high throughput genotyping identified KCNJ11 as the thirteenth MODY gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37423. [PMID: 22701567 PMCID: PMC3372463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maturity-onset of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous form of diabetes characterized by an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance, an onset before the age of 25 years, and a primary defect in the pancreatic beta-cell function. Approximately 30% of MODY families remain genetically unexplained (MODY-X). Here, we aimed to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a four-generation MODY-X family to identify a new susceptibility gene for MODY. Methodology WES (Agilent-SureSelect capture/Illumina-GAIIx sequencing) was performed in three affected and one non-affected relatives in the MODY-X family. We then performed a high-throughput multiplex genotyping (Illumina-GoldenGate assay) of the putative causal mutations in the whole family and in 406 controls. A linkage analysis was also carried out. Principal Findings By focusing on variants of interest (i.e. gains of stop codon, frameshift, non-synonymous and splice-site variants not reported in dbSNP130) present in the three affected relatives and not present in the control, we found 69 mutations. However, as WES was not uniform between samples, a total of 324 mutations had to be assessed in the whole family and in controls. Only one mutation (p.Glu227Lys in KCNJ11) co-segregated with diabetes in the family (with a LOD-score of 3.68). No KCNJ11 mutation was found in 25 other MODY-X unrelated subjects. Conclusions/Significance Beyond neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), KCNJ11 is also a MODY gene (‘MODY13’), confirming the wide spectrum of diabetes related phenotypes due to mutations in NDM genes (i.e. KCNJ11, ABCC8 and INS). Therefore, the molecular diagnosis of MODY should include KCNJ11 as affected carriers can be ideally treated with oral sulfonylureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Huyvaert
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Louise Montagne
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Antoine Pediatric Hospital, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Inserm-U695, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm-U1018, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud 11 University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne Vambergue
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- EA 4489 “Perinatal Environment and Fetal Growth”, Department of Diabetology, Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Delplanque
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - David Le Guilcher
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Franck De Graeve
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sand
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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High fat feeding exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum stress and beta cell demise. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Semplici F, Vaxillaire M, Fogarty S, Semache M, Bonnefond A, Fontés G, Philippe J, Meur G, Diraison F, Sessions RB, Rutter J, Poitout V, Froguel P, Rutter GA. Human mutation within Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase (PASK) causes basal insulin hypersecretion. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44005-44014. [PMID: 22065581 PMCID: PMC3243507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PAS kinase (PASK) is a glucose-regulated protein kinase involved in the control of pancreatic islet hormone release and insulin sensitivity. We aimed here to identify mutations in the PASK gene that may be associated with young-onset diabetes in humans. We screened 18 diabetic probands with unelucidated maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We identified two rare nonsynonymous mutations in the PASK gene (p.L1051V and p.G1117E), each of which was found in a single MODY family. Wild type or mutant PASKs were expressed in HEK 293 cells. Kinase activity of the affinity-purified proteins was assayed as autophosphorylation at amino acid Thr307 or against an Ugp1p-derived peptide. Whereas the PASK p.G1117E mutant displayed a ∼25% increase with respect to wild type PASK in the extent of autophosphorylation, and a ∼2-fold increase in kinase activity toward exogenous substrates, the activity of the p.L1051V mutant was unchanged. Amino acid Gly1117 is located in an α helical region opposing the active site of PASK and may elicit either: (a) a conformational change that increases catalytic efficiency or (b) a diminished inhibitory interaction with the PAS domain. Mouse islets were therefore infected with adenoviruses expressing wild type or mutant PASK and the regulation of insulin secretion was examined. PASK p.G1117E-infected islets displayed a 4-fold decrease in glucose-stimulated (16.7 versus 3 mM) insulin secretion, chiefly reflecting a 4.5-fold increase in insulin release at low glucose. In summary, we have characterized a rare mutation (p.G1117E) in the PASK gene from a young-onset diabetes family, which modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Semplici
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Meriem Semache
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Gargi Meur
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Diraison
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Sessions
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jared Rutter
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3201
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal QC H1W 4A4 Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Lille Nord de France University, BP245 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Borowiec M, Antosik K, Fendler W, Deja G, Jarosz-Chobot P, Mysliwiec M, Zmyslowska A, Malecki M, Szadkowska A, Mlynarski W. Novel glucokinase mutations in patients with monogenic diabetes - clinical outline of GCK-MD and potential for founder effect in Slavic population. Clin Genet 2011; 81:278-83. [PMID: 21348868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) gene mutations are the causative factor of GCK-MD (monogenic diabetes) characterized by a mild clinical phenotype and potential for insulin withdrawal. This study presents the results of a nationwide genetic screening for GCK-MD performed in Poland. A group of 194 patients with clinical suspicion of GCK-MD and 17 patients with neonatal diabetes were subjected to GCK sequencing. Patients negative for GCK mutations were subjected to multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect deletions or insertions. A total of 44 GCK heterozygous mutations were found in 68 probands (35%). Among those, 20 mutations were novel ones: A282fs, D198V, E158X, G246V, G249R, I348N, L165V, L315Q, M115I, N254S, P284fs, Q338P, R377L, R43C, R46S, S212fs, S212P, T255N, V406A and Y214D. No abnormalities were detected in MLPA analysis. Homozygous D278E mutation was found in one patient with neonatal diabetes. The most frequently observed combinations of symptoms typical for GCK-MD were mild diabetes and/or fasting hyperglycaemia (98.3%), positive C-peptide at diagnosis (76%) and dominant mode of inheritance (59%). This study outlines numerous novel mutations of the GCK gene present in white Caucasians of Slavic origin. Thorough clinical assessment of known factors associated with GCK-MD may facilitate patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borowiec
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Lopez AP, Foscaldi SA, Perez MS, Rodriguez M, Traversa M, Puchulu FM, Bergada I, Frechtel GD. HNF1 alpha gene coding regions mutations screening, in a Caucasian population clinically characterized as MODY from Argentina. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 91:208-12. [PMID: 21168233 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are at least six subtypes of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) with distinctive genetic causes. MODY 3 is caused by mutations in HNF1A gene, an insulin transcription factor, so mutations in this gene are associated with impaired insulin secretion. MODY 3 prevalence differs according to the population analyzed, but it is one of the most frequent subtypes. Therefore, our aims in this work were to find mutations present in the HNF1A gene and provide information on their prevalence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mutations screening was done in a group of 80 unrelated patients (average age 17.1 years) selected by clinical characterization of MODY, by SSCP electrophoresis followed by sequenciation. RESULTS We found eight mutations, of which six were novel and four sequence variants, which were all novel. Therefore the prevalence of MODY 3 in this group was 10%. Compared clinical data between the non-MODY 3 patients and the MODY 3 diagnosed patients did not show any significant difference. DISCUSSION Eight patients were diagnosed as MODY 3 and new data about the prevalence of that subtype is provided. Our results contribute to reveal novel mutations, providing new data about the prevalence of that subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pablo Lopez
- Cátedra de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Bazalová Z, Rypácková B, Broz J, Brunerová L, Polák J, Rusavý Z, Treslová L, Andel M. Three novel mutations in MODY and its phenotype in three different Czech families. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 88:132-8. [PMID: 20132997 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) is an autosomal dominant inherited type of diabetes with significant genetic heterogeneity. New mutations causing MODY are still being found. A genetically confirmed diagnosis of MODY allows application of individualized treatment based on the underlying concrete genetic dysfunction. Detection of novel MODY mutations helps provide a more complete picture of the possible MODY genotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested 43 adult Czech patients with clinical characteristics of MODY, using direct sequencing of HNF1A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha), HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha) and GCK (glucokinase) genes. RESULTS In three Czech families we identified three novel mutations we believe causing MODY-two missense mutations in HNF1A [F268L (c.802T>C) and P291S (c.871C>T)] and one frame shift mutation in GCK V244fsdelG (c.729delG). Some of the novel HNF1A mutation carriers were successfully transferred from insulin to gliclazide, while some of the novel GCK mutation carriers had a good clinical response when switched from insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs to diet. CONCLUSION We describe three novel MODY mutations in three Czech families. The identification of MODY mutations had a meaningful impact on therapy on the mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bazalová
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Centre of Research for Diabetes, Endocrinological Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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15
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Gómez Ayala AE. Diabetes tipo MODY: la diabetes del adulto en la etapa infanto-juvenil. Medwave 2010. [DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2010.02.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Gloyn AL. RD Lawrence Lecture 2009. Old genes, new tricks: learning about blood glucose regulation from naturally occurring genetic variation in humans. Diabet Med 2009; 26:1083-9. [PMID: 19929985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of rare monogenic forms of diabetes and pancreatic B-cell dysfunction provides an unrivalled opportunity to link a specific change in gene function with precise cellular consequences and clinical phenotype in humans. Over the past 20 years there has been considerable success in determining the genetic aetiology of a number of rare monogenic forms of diabetes, which has had a significant impact on both our understanding of normal physiology and on translational medicine. The impact of these discoveries has been substantial, with insights into both developmental biology and normal physiology. There are clear examples where determining the genetic aetiology for individuals with rare monogenic subtypes of diabetes has led to improved treatment. Although formerly in the shadow of the monogenic diabetes field, over the past 3 years there has been staggering progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of Type 2 diabetes. This has been largely as a result of genome-wide association studies and has seen the list of 'diabetes susceptibility genes' increase from three to close to 20. There is now encouraging evidence to support a potential role for genetics in determining the response of individuals with Type 2 diabetes to different therapeutic options. One of the challenges that lies ahead is determining how the non-coding genetic variants exert their pathogenicity. It is possible that parallels can be drawn from functional work on rare regulatory mutations causing monogenic forms of diabetes. However, it is more likely that comprehensive approaches will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Malhotra A, Igo RP, Thameem F, Kao WL, Abboud HE, Adler SG, Arar NH, Bowden DW, Duggirala R, Freedman BI, Goddard KA, Ipp E, Iyengar SK, Kimmel PL, Knowler WC, Kohn O, Leehey D, Meoni LA, Nelson RG, Nicholas SB, Parekh RS, Rich SS, Chen YDI, Saad MF, Scavini M, Schelling JR, Sedor JR, Shah VO, Taylor KD, Thornley-Brown D, Zager PG, Horvath A, Hanson RL. Genome-wide linkage scans for type 2 diabetes mellitus in four ethnically diverse populations-significant evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q in African Americans: the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research Group. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:740-7. [PMID: 19795399 PMCID: PMC2783577 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that in addition to environmental influences, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component. The goal of the current study is to identify regions of linkage for T2DM in ethnically diverse populations. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic data were obtained from African American (AA; total number of individuals [N] = 1004), American Indian (AI; N = 883), European American (EA; N = 537), and Mexican American (MA; N = 1634) individuals from the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes. Non-parametric linkage analysis, using an average of 4404 SNPs, was performed in relative pairs affected with T2DM in each ethnic group. In addition, family-based tests were performed to detect association with T2DM. RESULTS Statistically significant evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 4q21.1 (LOD = 3.13; genome-wide p = 0.04) in AA. In addition, a total of 11 regions showed suggestive evidence for linkage (estimated at LOD > 1.71), with the highest LOD scores on chromosomes 12q21.31 (LOD = 2.02) and 22q12.3 (LOD = 2.38) in AA, 2p11.1 (LOD = 2.23) in AI, 6p12.3 (LOD = 2.77) in EA, and 13q21.1 (LOD = . 2.24) in MA. While no region overlapped across all ethnic groups, at least five loci showing LOD > 1.71 have been identified in previously published studies. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide evidence for the presence of genes affecting T2DM on chromosomes 4q, 12q, and 22q in AA; 6p in EA; 2p in AI; and 13q in MA. The strong evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q in AA provides important information given the paucity of diabetes genetic studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Malhotra
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Farook Thameem
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Hanna E. Abboud
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sharon G. Adler
- Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Nedal H. Arar
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Eli Ipp
- Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | - Paul L. Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Program Office, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William C. Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Orly Kohn
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Robert G. Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Marina Scavini
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (Italy)
| | | | | | | | - Kent D. Taylor
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Hanson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
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Al-Sheyab F, Khamaiseh E, Halaweh MA, Khalil RW. Characterization of glucokinase polymorphisms associated with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY2) in Jordanian population. CYTOL GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452709050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Gašperíková D, Tribble ND, Staník J, Hučková M, Mišovicová N, van de Bunt M, Valentínová L, Barrow BA, Barák L, Dobránsky R, Bereczková E, Michálek J, Wicks K, Colclough K, Knight JC, Ellard S, Klimeš I, Gloyn AL. Identification of a novel beta-cell glucokinase (GCK) promoter mutation (-71G>C) that modulates GCK gene expression through loss of allele-specific Sp1 binding causing mild fasting hyperglycemia in humans. Diabetes 2009; 58:1929-35. [PMID: 19411616 PMCID: PMC2712784 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivating mutations in glucokinase (GCK) cause mild fasting hyperglycemia. Identification of a GCK mutation has implications for treatment and prognosis; therefore, it is important to identify these individuals. A significant number of patients have a phenotype suggesting a defect in glucokinase but no abnormality of GCK. We hypothesized that the GCK beta-cell promoter region, which currently is not routinely screened, could contain pathogenic mutations; therefore, we sequenced this region in 60 such probands. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The beta-cell GCK promoter was sequenced in patient DNA. The effect of the identified novel mutation on GCK promoter activity was assessed using a luciferase reporter gene expression system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to determine the impact of the mutation on Sp1 binding. RESULTS A novel -71G>C mutation was identified in a nonconserved region of the human promoter sequence in six apparently unrelated probands. Family testing established cosegregation with fasting hyperglycemia (> or = 5.5 mmol/l) in 39 affected individuals. Haplotype analysis in the U.K. family and four of the Slovakian families demonstrated that the mutation had arisen independently. The mutation maps to a potential transcriptional activator binding site for Sp1. Reporter assays demonstrated that the mutation reduces promoter activity by up to fourfold. EMSAs demonstrated a dramatic reduction in Sp1 binding to the promoter sequence corresponding to the mutant allele. CONCLUSIONS A novel beta-cell GCK promoter mutation was identified that significantly reduces gene expression in vitro through loss of regulation by Sp1. To ensure correct diagnosis of potential GCK-MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) cases, analysis of the beta-cell GCK promoter should be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gašperíková
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nicolas D. Tribble
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Juraj Staník
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Children Diabetes Center at the First Pediatric Department, Comenius University School of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslava Hučková
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nadežda Mišovicová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Jessenius School of Medicine, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lucia Valentínová
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Beryl A. Barrow
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR (National Institute for Health Research) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - L'ubomir Barák
- Children Diabetes Center at the First Pediatric Department, Comenius University School of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Dobránsky
- Diabetelogy Outpatient Department, Reimanus Hospital, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Bereczková
- Children Endocrinology Outpatient Department, Dunajska Streda, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Michálek
- National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lubochna, Slovak Republic
| | - Kate Wicks
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | - Julian C. Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Iwar Klimeš
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR (National Institute for Health Research) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Corresponding author: Anna L. Gloyn,
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Giuffrida FMA, Furuzawa GK, Kasamatsu TS, Oliveira MM, Reis AF, Dib SA. HNF1A gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with late-onset autosomal dominant diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009; 8:28. [PMID: 19490620 PMCID: PMC2696421 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 homeobox A (HNF1A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) playing a minor role in its pathogenesis. HNF1A is a frequent cause of monogenic diabetes, albeit with early-onset. Some uncommon subgroups like late-onset autosomal dominant diabetes mellitus (LOADDM) may present peculiar inheritance patterns with a stronger familial component. This study aims to investigate the relationship of HNF1A SNPs with cardiovascular risk factors in this group, as well as to characterize them in contrast with classical T2DM (CT2DM). Methods eighteen LOADDM (age at onset > 40 y.o.; diabetes in 3 contiguous generations, uniparental lineage) along with 48 CT2DM patients and 42 normoglycemic controls (N group) have been evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors and SNPs of HNF1A. Results LOADDM showed significantly higher frequencies of SNPs A98V (22.2% vs 2.1%, p = 0.02) and S487N (72.2% vs 43.8%, p = 0.049) of HNF1A compared to CT2DM. I27L did not show significant difference (66.7% vs 45.8%), but associated with lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.65, p = 0.01). "Protective effect" was independent from other well-known predictive risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia, such as waist circumference (OR 1.09 per 1 cm increase, p = 0.01) and HDL (OR 0.01 per 1 mmol/l, p = 0.005), after logistic regression. Conclusion Late onset autosomal dominant diabetes mellitus is clinically indistinguishable from classical type 2 diabetes individuals. However, LOADDM group is enriched for common HNF1A polymorphisms A98V and S487N. I27L showed "protective effect" upon hypertriglyceridemia in this sample of individuals, suggesting a role for HNF1A on diabetic individuals' lipid profile. These data contribute to the understanding of the complex interactions between genes, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors development in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M A Giuffrida
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, R, Pedro de Toledo, 981 12o andar, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil.
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Plengvidhya N, Boonyasrisawat W, Chongjaroen N, Jungtrakoon P, Sriussadaporn S, Vannaseang S, Banchuin N, Yenchitsomanus PT. Mutations of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes in Thais with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 70:847-53. [PMID: 18811724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Six known genes responsible for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) were analysed to evaluate the prevalence of their mutations in Thai patients with MODY and early-onset type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one unrelated probands with early-onset type 2 diabetes, 21 of them fitted into classic MODY criteria, were analysed for nucleotide variations in promoters, exons, and exon-intron boundaries of six known MODY genes, including HNF-4alpha, GCK, HNF-1alpha, IPF-1, HNF-1beta, and NeuroD1/beta2, by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method followed by direct DNA sequencing. Missense mutations or mutations located in regulatory region, which were absent in 130 chromosomes of non-diabetic controls, were classified as potentially pathogenic mutations. RESULTS We found that mutations of the six known MODY genes account for a small proportion of classic MODY (19%) and early-onset type 2 diabetes (10%) in Thais. Five of these mutations are novel including GCK R327H, HNF-1alpha P475L, HNF-1alphaG554fsX556, NeuroD1-1972 G > A and NeuroD1 A322N. Mutations of IPF-1 and HNF-1beta were not identified in the studied probands. CONCLUSIONS Mutations of the six known MODY genes may not be a major cause of MODY and early-onset type 2 diabetes in Thais. Therefore, unidentified genes await discovery in a majority of Thai patients with MODY and early-onset type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattachet Plengvidhya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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22
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Vaxillaire M, Froguel P. Monogenic diabetes in the young, pharmacogenetics and relevance to multifactorial forms of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:254-64. [PMID: 18436708 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most valuable breakthroughs in the genetics of type 2 diabetes for the past two decades have arisen from candidate gene studies and familial linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), an autosomal dominant form of diabetes typically occurring before 25 years of age caused by primary insulin secretion defects. Despite its low prevalence, MODY is not a single entity but presents genetic, metabolic and clinical heterogeneity. MODY can result from mutations in at least six different genes encoding the glucose sensor enzyme glucokinase and transcription factors that participate in a regulatory network essential for adult beta-cell function. Additional genes have been described in other discrete phenotypes or syndromic forms of diabetes. Whereas common variants in the MODY genes contribute very modestly to type 2 diabetes susceptibility in adults, major findings emerging from the advent of genome-wide association studies will deliver an increasing number of genes and new pathways for the pathological events of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8090, Institute of Biology and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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23
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Su Z, Tsaih SW, Szatkiewicz J, Shen Y, Paigen B. Candidate genes for plasma triglyceride, FFA, and glucose revealed from an intercross between inbred mouse strains NZB/B1NJ and NZW/LacJ. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1500-10. [PMID: 18362393 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800053-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the genes controlling plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TGs), FFAs, and glucose, we carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the closely related mouse strains New Zealand Black (NZB/B1NJ) and New Zealand White (NZW/LacJ), which share 63% of their genomes. The NZB x NZW F(2) progeny were genotyped and phenotyped to detect QTL, and then comparative genomics, bioinformatics, and sequencing were used to narrow the QTL and reduce the number of candidate genes. Triglyceride concentrations were linked to loci on chromosomes (Chr) 4, 7, 8, 10, and 18. FFA concentrations were affected by a significant locus on Chr 4, a suggestive locus on Chr 16, and two interacting loci on Chr 2 and 15. Plasma glucose concentrations were affected by QTL on Chr 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 17, and 18. Comparative genomics narrowed the QTL by 31% to 86%; haplotype analysis was usually able to further narrow it by 80%. We suggest several candidate genes: Gba2 on Chr 4, Irs2 on Chr 8, and Ppargc1b on Chr 18 for TG; A2bp1 on Chr 16 for FFA; and G6pc2 on Chr 2 and Timp3 on Chr 10 for glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Su
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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24
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Jones KL. Role of obesity in complicating and confusing the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in children. Pediatrics 2008; 121:361-8. [PMID: 18245428 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in children in the United States and globally raises major concerns about its future adverse impact on public health. One outcome of this disturbing trend that is already evident is the rapidly increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes at all ages. This disease, once thought to be nonexistent in children, is increasing coincident with obesity. This article addresses the role that obesity plays in type 2 diabetes and also explores its effects on other types of diabetes that occur in childhood. The new challenges for physicians who formulate a differential diagnosis of diabetes in children are discussed. Also examined are modifications of traditional diabetes treatment that can be helpful in combating the insulin resistance associated with obesity and that use medications that are not traditionally used in this age group. Cases are presented to illustrate certain points. An underlying thesis suggests that specific classification may not be as important to the clinician as the understanding of pathophysiologic factors that contribute to hyperglycemia in individual patients. Recommendations are offered to the practitioner for diagnosing and treating the obese child or adolescent with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lee Jones
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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25
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Borowiec M, Thompson R, Powers C, Xu R, Dickey T, Doria A. Mutations in the SLC30A8 gene are not a major cause of MODY or other forms of early-onset, autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2224-6. [PMID: 17657472 PMCID: PMC2755551 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Borowiec
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Thompson
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Rui Xu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tisha Dickey
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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26
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Minton JAL, van de Bunt M, Boustred C, Hussain K, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Gloyn AL. Mutations in HHEX are not a common cause of monogenic forms of beta cell dysfunction. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2019-2022. [PMID: 17618412 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A L Minton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M van de Bunt
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - C Boustred
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - K Hussain
- Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - A L Gloyn
- Diabetes Research Laboratories, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.
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27
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Plata C, Sussman CR, Sindic A, Liang JO, Mount DB, Josephs ZM, Chang MH, Romero MF. Zebrafish Slc5a12 Encodes an Electroneutral Sodium Monocarboxylate Transporter (SMCTn). J Biol Chem 2007; 282:11996-2009. [PMID: 17255103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609313200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified and characterized two different sodium-coupled monocarboxylate cotransporters (SMCT) from zebrafish (Danio rerio), electrogenic (zSMCTe) and electroneutral (zSMCTn). zSMCTn is the 12th member of the zebrafish Slc5 gene family (zSlc5a12). Both zSMCT sequences have approximately 50% homology to human SLC5A8 (hSMCT). Transport function and kinetics were measured in Xenopus oocytes injected with zSMCT cRNAs by measurement of intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) and membrane potential. Both zSMCTs oocytes increased [Na(+)](i) with addition of monocarboxylates (MC) such as lactate, pyruvate, nicotinate, and butyrate. By using two electrode voltage clamp experiments, we measured currents elicited from zSMCTe after MC addition. MC-elicited currents from zSMCTe were similar to hSMCT currents. In contrast, we found no significant MC-elicited current in either zSMCTn or control oocytes. Kinetic data show that zSMCTe has a higher affinity for lactate, nicotinate, and pyruvate (K(m)(L-lactate) = 0.17 +/- 0.02 mM, K(m)(nicotinate) = 0.54 +/- 0.12 mM at -150 mV) than zSMCTn (K(m)(L-lactate) = 1.81 +/- 0.19 mM, K(m)(nicotinate) = 23.68 +/- 4.88 mM). In situ hybridization showed that 1-, 3-, and 5-day-old zebrafish embryos abundantly express both zSMCTs in the brain, eyes, intestine, and kidney. Within the kidney, zSMCTn mRNA is expressed in pronephric tubules, whereas zSMCTe mRNA is more distal in pronephric ducts. zSMCTn is expressed in exocrine pancreas, but zSMCTe is not. Roles for Na(+)-coupled monocarboxylate cotransporters have not been described for the brain or eye. In summary, zSMCTe is the zebrafish SLC5A8 ortholog, and zSMCTn is a novel, electroneutral SMCT (zSlc5a12). Slc5a12 in higher vertebrates is likely responsible for the electroneutral Na(+)/lactate cotransport reported in mammalian and amphibian kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Plata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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28
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Cauchi S, Vaxillaire M, Choquet H, Durand E, Duval A, Polak M, Froguel P. No major contribution of TCF7L2 sequence variants to maturity onset of diabetes of the young (MODY) or neonatal diabetes mellitus in French white subjects. Diabetologia 2007; 50:214-6. [PMID: 17093940 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Henderson M, Levy E, Delvin E, Losekoot M, Lambert M. Prevalence and clinical phenotype of the p.Val226Met glucokinase gene mutation in French Canadians in Quebec, Canada. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 90:87-92. [PMID: 17079173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to describe the clinical phenotype of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 2 in a group of French Canadians and estimate its prevalence in this population. Index cases were identified by an abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) upon metabolic evaluation for dyslipidemia. Mutational analyses confirmed that all probands and affected family members were positive for the same glucokinase mutation, p.Val226Met. The prevalence of this mutation was estimated from a representative sample of French Canadians. Eleven individuals in 5 different families were diagnosed with MODY 2. Four of the five families originated from the same region in Quebec. In affected children (n = 6), the median age at diagnosis was 7.6 years (range = 2.9-9.4). All were asymptomatic. The range of FBG was 4.4-7.0 mmol/L; 5 out of the 6 pediatric patients had normal FBG values during the course of follow-up. One child presented with consistently normal FBG. Four of the adults who screened positive for MODY 2 had been previously misdiagnosed with type 2 DM, and one female had a history of gestational DM. The estimated prevalence of heterozygotes for the p.Val226Met mutation in French Canadians was 0.057% (95%CI 0.01-0.32%). In conclusion, this report presents the first confirmed case of MODY 2 with persistently normal FBG. In children and adolescents, a normal FBG does not allow for the exclusion of a MODY 2 diagnosis. Our results are consistent with a founder effect for the p.Val226Met glucokinase gene mutation in Quebec, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine Hospital and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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30
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Abstract
Most valuable breakthroughs in the genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus have arisen from familial linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, an autosomal dominant form of diabetes typically occurring before 25 years of age and caused by primary insulin-secretion defects. Despite its low prevalence, MODY is not a single entity but presents genetic, metabolic, and clinical heterogeneity. MODY can result from mutations in at least six different genes;one encodes the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase, which is an important glucose sensor, whereas all the others encode transcription factors that participate in a regulatory network essential for adult beta cell function. Additional genes, yet unidentified, may explain the other MODY cases unlinked to a mutation in the known genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS UMR8090 Unit, Institute of Biology and Pasteur Institute of Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette BP 245 59019, Lille, France.
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31
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Volinic JL, Lee JH, Eto K, Kaur V, Thomas MK. Overexpression of the Coactivator Bridge-1 Results in Insulin Deficiency and Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20:167-82. [PMID: 16099819 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple forms of heritable diabetes are associated with mutations in transcription factors that regulate insulin gene transcription and the development and maintenance of pancreatic β-cell mass. The coactivator Bridge-1 (PSMD9) regulates the transcriptional activation of glucose-responsive enhancers in the insulin gene in a dose-dependent manner via PDZ domain-mediated interactions with E2A transcription factors. Here we report that the pancreatic overexpression of Bridge-1 in transgenic mice reduces insulin gene expression and results in insulin deficiency and severe diabetes. Dysregulation of Bridge-1 signaling increases pancreatic apoptosis with a reduction in the number of insulin-expressing pancreatic β-cells and an expansion of the complement of glucagon-expressing pancreatic α-cells in pancreatic islets. Increased expression of Bridge-1 alters pancreatic islet, acinar, and ductal architecture and disrupts the boundaries between endocrine and exocrine cellular compartments in young adult but not neonatal mice, suggesting that signals transduced through this coactivator may influence postnatal pancreatic islet morphogenesis. Signals mediated through the coactivator Bridge-1 may regulate both glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell survival. We propose that coactivator dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells can limit insulin production and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Volinic
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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32
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Hunt KJ, Lehman DM, Arya R, Fowler S, Leach RJ, Göring HHH, Almasy L, Blangero J, Dyer TD, Duggirala R, Stern MP. Genome-wide linkage analyses of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans: the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study. Diabetes 2005; 54:2655-62. [PMID: 16123354 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study was initiated to identify susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. Evidence was previously reported of linkage to diabetes on 10q with suggestive evidence on 3p and 9p in a genome-wide scan of 440 individuals from 27 pedigrees ascertained through a single diabetic proband. Subsequently, the study was expanded to include 906 individuals from 39 extended Mexican-American pedigrees, two additional examination cycles approximately 5.3 and 7.6 years after baseline, and genotypes for a new set of genome-wide markers. Therefore, we completed a second genome-wide linkage scan. Using information from a participant's most recent exam, the prevalence of diabetes in nonprobands was 21.8%. We performed genome-wide variance components-based genetic analysis on the discrete trait diabetes using a liability model and on the quantitative Martingale residual obtained from modeling age of diabetes diagnosis using Cox proportional hazard models. Controlling for age and age(2), our strongest evidence for linkage to the trait diabetes and the quantitative Martingale residual was on chromosome 3p at marker D3S2406 with multipoint empirical logarithm of odds scores of 1.87 and 3.76, respectively. In summary, we report evidence for linkage to diabetes on chromosome 3p in a region previously identified in at least three independent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Hunt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in various forms of diabetes mellitus (DM), but inheritance is complex and interacts with environmental factors. Although in most cases type 2 DM (T2DM) and T1DM are polygenic disorders, several monogenic forms have been identified. Among them, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has been the most intensively investigated. MODY is a group of six different forms of monogenic diabetes, characterized by insulin secretion defects in pancreatic beta-cells, supposed to be responsible for 2-5% of all cases of diabetes. The most common are MODY2 and MODY3, caused by mutations in the genes encoding glucokinase and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha respectively. MODY2 is characterized by glucose sensing defects, leading to an increase in insulin secretion threshold. This causes lifelong sustained and mild hyperglycaemia from birth, most often in non-diabetic levels. Diagnosis is incidental in most cases. These patients are asymptomatic, seldom need treatment and rarely present chronic complications. MODY3 is characterized by a severe insulin secretion defect in response to glucose. Diagnosis is made usually in adolescence and early adulthood, often by osmotic symptoms. Hyperglycaemia is progressive, and patients frequently need treatment with oral drugs or insulin some time in their follow up. This group seems to have a marked sensitivity to sulphonylureas compared to other types of diabetes. The recognition of MODY as a monogenic disorder and a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology are important for correct diagnosis and treatment, with great impact on prognosis. Besides, the study of these forms of diabetes brings important contributions to the understanding of glucose homeostasis as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M A Giuffrida
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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34
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Uusitupa M. Gene-diet interaction in relation to the prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:225-233. [PMID: 15955472 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Most of the genetic studies on common obesity are confined to the links between a given gene polymorphism or gene loci and different phenotypes of obesity or anthropometric measures. Some studies indicate that genetic factors modify the weight reduction response to energy restriction or weight gain in the long-term. Only a few studies have focused on gene-diet interaction in the development of type 2 diabetes. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study shows (DPS) that the success of a lifestyle intervention depends also on the polymorphisms of those genes, which are suggested to play a role in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance or insulin secretion. This review deals with selected genes examined so far in the DPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food and Health Research Centre, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Timsit J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Dubois-Laforgue D, Velho G. Diagnosis and Management of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 4:9-18. [PMID: 15649097 DOI: 10.2165/00024677-200504010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a dominantly inherited form of non-ketotic diabetes mellitus. It results from a primary defect of insulin secretion, and usually develops at childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood. MODY is a heterogeneous disease with regard to genetic, metabolic, and clinical features. All MODY genes have not been identified, but heterozygous mutations in six genes cause the majority of the MODY cases. By far MODY2 (due to mutations of the glucokinase gene) and MODY3 (due to mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha) are the most frequent. As with MODY3, all the other MODY subtypes are associated with mutations in transcription factors. The clinical presentations of the different MODY subtypes differ, particularly in the severity and the course of the insulin secretion defect, the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes, and the defects associated with diabetes. Patients with MODY2 have mild, asymptomatic, and stable hyperglycemia that is present from birth. They rarely develop microvascular disease, and seldom require pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia. In patients with MODY3, severe hyperglycemia usually occurs after puberty, and may lead to the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Despite the progression of insulin defects, sensitivity to sulfonylureas may be retained in MODY3 patients. Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy frequently occur in patients with MODY3, making frequent follow-up mandatory. By contrast, other risk factors are not present in patients with MODY and the frequency of cardiovascular disease is not increased. The clinical spectrum of MODY is wider than initially described, and might include multi-organ involvement in addition to diabetes. In patients with MODY5, due to mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta, diabetes is associated with pancreatic atrophy, renal morphologic and functional abnormalities, and genital tract and liver test abnormalities. Although MODY is dominantly inherited, penetrance or expression of the disease may vary and a family history of diabetes is not always present. Thus, the diagnosis of MODY should be raised in various clinical circumstances. Molecular diagnosis has important consequences in terms of prognosis, family screening, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Timsit
- Department of Immunology and Diabetology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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36
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Andersen G, Wegner L, Rose CS, Xie J, Zhu H, Larade K, Johansen A, Ek J, Lauenborg J, Drivsholm T, Borch-Johnsen K, Damm P, Hansen T, Bunn HF, Pedersen O. Variation in NCB5OR: studies of relationships to type 2 diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2004; 53:2992-7. [PMID: 15504981 PMCID: PMC3044473 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent data show that homozygous Ncb5or(-/-) knock-out mice present with an early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes phenotype. Furthermore, genome-wide scans have reported linkage to the chromosome 6q14.2 region close to the human NCB5OR. We therefore considered NCB5OR to be a biological and positional candidate gene and examined the coding region of NCB5OR in 120 type 2 diabetic patients and 63 patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. We identified a total of 22 novel nucleotide variants. Three variants [IVS5+7del(CT), Gln187Arg, and His223Arg] were genotyped in a case-control design comprising 1,246 subjects (717 type 2 diabetic patients and 529 subjects with normal glucose tolerance). In addition, four rare variants were investigated for cosegregation with diabetes in multiplex type 2 diabetic families. The IVS5+7del(CT) variant was associated with common late-onset type 2 diabetes; however, we failed to relate this variant to any diabetes-related quantitative traits among the 529 control subjects. Thus, variation in the coding region of NCB5OR is not a major contributor in the pathogenesis of nonautoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Andersen
- Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens Vej 2, NSH2.16, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
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37
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Kim SH, Ma X, Weremowicz S, Ercolino T, Powers C, Mlynarski W, Bashan KA, Warram JH, Mychaleckyj J, Rich SS, Krolewski AS, Doria A. Identification of a locus for maturity-onset diabetes of the young on chromosome 8p23. Diabetes 2004; 53:1375-84. [PMID: 15111509 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a subtype of diabetes defined by an autosomal dominant inheritance and a young onset. Six MODY genes have been discovered to date. To identify additional MODY loci, we conducted a genome scan in 21 extended U.S. families (15 white and 6 from minorities, for a total of 237 individuals) in which MODY was not caused by known MODY genes. Seven chromosomal regions (1q42, 2q24, 2q37, 4p13, 8p23, 11p15, and 19q12) had a parametric heterogeneity logarithm of odds (HLOD) > or =1.00 or a nonparametric logarithm of odds (LOD) > or =0.59 (P < or = 0.05) in the initial screen. After typing additional markers at these loci to reduce the spacing to 2-3 cM, significant linkage was detected on 8p23 (HLOD = 3.37 at D8S1130 and nonparametric LOD = 3.66; P = 2 x 10(-5) at D8S265), where a 4.7-Mb inversion polymorphism is located. Thirty percent of the families (6 of 21) were linked with this region. Another linkage peak on chromosome 2q37 with an HLOD of 1.96 at D2S345/D2S2968 accounted for diabetes in an additional 25% of families (5 of 21). All 6 minority families were among the 11 families linked to these loci. None of the other loci followed up had an HLOD exceeding 1.50. In summary, we have identified a MODY locus on 8p23 that accounts for diabetes in a substantial proportion of MODY cases unlinked to known MODY genes. Another novel MODY locus may be present on 2q37. Cloning these new MODY genes may offer insights to disease pathways that are relevant to the cause of common type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Kim
- Research Division, Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Gloyn AL, Pearson ER, Antcliff JF, Proks P, Bruining GJ, Slingerland AS, Howard N, Srinivasan S, Silva JMCL, Molnes J, Edghill EL, Frayling TM, Temple IK, Mackay D, Shield JPH, Sumnik Z, van Rhijn A, Wales JKH, Clark P, Gorman S, Aisenberg J, Ellard S, Njølstad PR, Ashcroft FM, Hattersley AT. Activating mutations in the gene encoding the ATP-sensitive potassium-channel subunit Kir6.2 and permanent neonatal diabetes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1838-49. [PMID: 15115830 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa032922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 798] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with permanent neonatal diabetes usually present within the first three months of life and require insulin treatment. In most, the cause is unknown. Because ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells, we hypothesized that activating mutations in the gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of this channel (KCNJ11) cause neonatal diabetes. METHODS We sequenced the KCNJ11 gene in 29 patients with permanent neonatal diabetes. The insulin secretory response to intravenous glucagon, glucose, and the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was assessed in patients who had mutations in the gene. RESULTS Six novel, heterozygous missense mutations were identified in 10 of the 29 patients. In two patients the diabetes was familial, and in eight it arose from a spontaneous mutation. Their neonatal diabetes was characterized by ketoacidosis or marked hyperglycemia and was treated with insulin. Patients did not secrete insulin in response to glucose or glucagon but did secrete insulin in response to tolbutamide. Four of the patients also had severe developmental delay and muscle weakness; three of them also had epilepsy and mild dysmorphic features. When the most common mutation in Kir6.2 was coexpressed with sulfonylurea receptor 1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the ability of ATP to block mutant K(ATP) channels was greatly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous activating mutations in the gene encoding Kir6.2 cause permanent neonatal diabetes and may also be associated with developmental delay, muscle weakness, and epilepsy. Identification of the genetic cause of permanent neonatal diabetes may facilitate the treatment of this disease with sulfonylureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gloyn
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
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39
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Abstract
Type II diabetes is a common, complex and heterogeneous group of disorders of growing public health concern. Paradoxically, rare monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus have been the most informative regarding diabetes pathophysiology to date. We discuss disappointing results of genetic approaches thus far, emphasizing the genetic heterogeneity underlying the common phenotypic endpoint of elevated blood glucose level and the phenotypic misclassification in large studies resulting from this admixture and from the obligatory use of epidemiological or clinical surrogate measures. We suggest that novel approaches that take explicit account of the phenotypic, environmental and genetic complexities of type II diabetes are needed and discuss some principles that might underlie such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW
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40
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Reynisdottir I, Thorleifsson G, Benediktsson R, Sigurdsson G, Emilsson V, Einarsdottir AS, Hjorleifsdottir EE, Orlygsdottir GT, Bjornsdottir GT, Saemundsdottir J, Halldorsson S, Hrafnkelsdottir S, Sigurjonsdottir SB, Steinsdottir S, Martin M, Kochan JP, Rhees BK, Grant SFA, Frigge ML, Kong A, Gudnason V, Stefansson K, Gulcher JR. Localization of a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes to chromosome 5q34-q35.2. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:323-35. [PMID: 12851856 PMCID: PMC1180371 DOI: 10.1086/377139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2003] [Accepted: 05/21/2003] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a genomewide linkage study of type 2 diabetes (T2D [MIM 125853]) in the Icelandic population. A list of type 2 diabetics was cross-matched with a computerized genealogical database clustering 763 type 2 diabetics into 227 families. The diabetic patients and their relatives were genotyped with 906 microsatellite markers. A nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis yielded linkage to 5q34-q35.2 (LOD = 2.90, P=1.29 x 10(-4)) in all diabetics. Since obesity, here defined as body mass index (BMI) > or =30 kg/m(2), is a key risk factor for the development of T2D, we studied the data either independently of BMI or by stratifying the patient group as obese (BMI > or =30) or nonobese (BMI <30). A nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis yielded linkage to 5q34-q35.2 (LOD = 3.64, P=2.12 x (10)-5) in the nonobese diabetics. No linkage was observed in this region for the obese diabetics. Linkage analysis conditioning on maternal transmission to the nonobese diabetics resulted in a LOD score of 3.48 (P=3.12 x 10(-5)) in the same region, whereas conditioning on paternal transmission led to a substantial drop in the LOD score. Finally, we observed potential interactions between the 5q locus and two T2D susceptibility loci, previously mapped in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Reynisdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Gudmar Thorleifsson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Valur Emilsson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Anna Sigurlin Einarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Eyrun Edda Hjorleifsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Gudbjorg Th. Orlygsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Gudrun Thora Bjornsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Jona Saemundsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Soffia Hrafnkelsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Steinunn Bjorg Sigurjonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Svana Steinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Mitchell Martin
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Jarema P. Kochan
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Brian K. Rhees
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Michael L. Frigge
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
| | - Jeffrey R. Gulcher
- deCODE Genetics, Icelandic Heart Association, and Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik; and Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ
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Frayling TM, Wiltshire S, Hitman GA, Walker M, Levy JC, Sampson M, Groves CJ, Menzel S, McCarthy MI, Hattersley AT. Young-onset type 2 diabetes families are the major contributors to genetic loci in the Diabetes UK Warren 2 genome scan and identify putative novel loci on chromosomes 8q21, 21q22, and 22q11. Diabetes 2003; 52:1857-63. [PMID: 12829657 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A young onset of type 2 diabetes is likely to result, in part, from greater genetic susceptibility. Young-onset families may therefore represent a group in which genes are more easily detectable by linkage. To test this hypothesis, we conducted age at diagnosis (AAD) stratified linkage analyses in the Diabetes UK Warren 2 sibpairs. In the previously published unstratified analysis, evidence for linkage (logarithm of odds [LOD] >1.18) was found at seven loci. The LOD scores at these seven loci were higher in the 245 families with AAD <55 years (L55) compared with the 328 families with AAD >55 years (G55). Five of these seven loci (1q24-25, 5q13, 8p21-22, 8q24.2, and 10q23.2) had LOD scores >1.18 in the L55 subset but only one (8p21-22) did in the G55 subset. Two additional loci (8q21.13 and 21q22.2) showed evidence for linkage in the L55 subset alone. Another locus (22q11) showed evidence for linkage in a subset of families with AAD <45 years. Using a locus-counting approach, the L55 subset had significantly more loci (P approximately 0.01) than expected under the null hypothesis of no linkage across the LOD score range 0.59-3.0. In contrast, the G55 subset contained no more susceptibility loci than that expected by chance. In conclusion, young-onset families provide both disproportionate evidence for linkage to known loci and evidence for additional novel loci. Our data confirm our hypothesis that families segregating young-onset type 2 diabetes represent a more powerful resource for defining susceptibility genes by linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Frayling
- Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
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42
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19:333-40. [PMID: 12879412 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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