1
|
Gandhi GR, Hillary VE, Antony PJ, Zhong LLD, Yogesh D, Krishnakumar NM, Ceasar SA, Gan RY. A systematic review on anti-diabetic plant essential oil compounds: Dietary sources, effects, molecular mechanisms, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6526-6545. [PMID: 36708221 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2170320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic syndrome defined through the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells driven by a confluence of genetic and environmental elements. Insulin resistance, mediated by interleukins and other inflammatory elements, is one of the key factors contributing to the progression of T2DM. Many essential oils derived from dietary plants are beneficial against various chronic diseases. We reviewed the anti-diabetic properties of dietary plant-derived essential oil compounds, with a focus on their molecular mechanisms by modulating specific signaling pathways and other critical inflammatory mediators involved in insulin resistance. High-quality literature published in the last 12 years, from 2010 to 2022, was collected from the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases using the search terms "dietary plants," "essential oils," "anti-diabetic," "insulin resistance," "antihyperglycemic," "T2DM," "anti-diabetic essential oils," and anti-diabetic mechanism." According to the results, the essential oil compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, zingerone, sclareol, zerumbone, myrtenol, thujone, geraniol, citral, eugenol, thymoquinone, thymol, citronellol, α-terpineol, and linalool have been demonstrated to contain strong anti-diabetic effects via modulating various signal transduction pathways linked to glucose metabolism. Additionally, in diabetes-related animal models, they can also considerably reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. The main signaling molecules regulated by these compounds include AMPK, GLUT4, Caspase-3, PPARγ, PPARα, NF-κB, p-IκBα, MyD88, MCP-1, SREBP-1c, AGEs, RAGE, VEGF, Nrf2/HO-1, and SIRT-1. They can also significantly inhibit the generation of TBARS and MDA, reduce oxidative stress, increase insulin levels, adiponectin, and glycoprotein enzymes, boost antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, and GPx, as well as reduce glutathione and vital glycolytic enzymes. Besides, they can significantly lower the levels of liver enzymes and lipid profile markers. Moreover, most essential oil compounds are generally safe based on animal studies. In conclusion, dietary plant-derived essential oil compounds have potential anti-diabetic effects by influencing different signaling pathways and molecular targets linked to glucose metabolism, and should be safe and beneficial against diabetes and related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kochi, India
| | - Varghese Edwin Hillary
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kochi, India
| | | | - Linda L D Zhong
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Devarajan Yogesh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adoptive transfer of metabolically reprogrammed macrophages for atherosclerosis treatment in diabetic ApoE−/- mice. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:82-94. [PMID: 35386323 PMCID: PMC8958426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by inflammation in the arterial wall, which is known to be exacerbated by diabetes. Therapeutic repression of inflammation is a promising strategy for treating atherosclerosis. In this study, we showed that diabetes aggravated atherosclerosis in apolipoproteinE knockout (ApoE−/-) mice, in which increased expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1) in macrophages played an important role. Knockdown of Acsl1 in macrophages (MφshAcsl1) reprogrammed macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, especially under hyperglycemic conditions. Injection of MφshAcsl1 reprogrammed macrophages into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ApoE−/- mice (ApoE−/-+ STZ) alleviated inflammation locally in the plaque, liver and spleen. Consistent with the reduction in inflammation, plaques became smaller and more stable after the adoptive transfer of reprogrammed macrophages. Taken together, our findings indicate that increased Acsl1 expression in macrophages play a key role in aggravated atherosclerosis of diabetic mice, possibly by promoting inflammation. Adoptive transfer of Acsl1 silenced macrophages may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. Increased Acsl1 in macrophages is responsible for the exacerbated inflammation in diabetes MφshAcsl1 is characterized as anti-inflammatory phenotype Adoptive transfer of MφshAcsl1 alleviates atherosclerosis in diabetic ApoE−/- mice MφshAcsl1 inhibits both local and systemic inflammation in vivo
Collapse
|
3
|
Shanmugam G, Sundaramoorthy A, Shanmugam N. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Leaf Extract of Salvia coccinea and Its Effects of Anti-inflammatory Potential in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8433-8442. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gobinath Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sundaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narkunaraja Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sudaramoorthy A, Shanmugam G, Shanmugam N. Inhibitory effect of Salvia coccinea on inflammatory responses through NF-κB signaling pathways in THP-1 cells and acute rat diabetes mellitus. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151735. [PMID: 34052674 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in diabetes and its complications. Medicinal plants possessing antioxidant activity may decrease oxidative stress by scavenging radicals and reducing power activity and would be a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders like diabetes. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Aqueous Extract of S.coccinea leaf (AESL) in HG treated THP-1 cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. AESL and the standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide were administered orally by intragastric tube for 14 days and pre-treated HG grown THP-1 cells. AESL treatment reduced HG induced increase in ROS production, NF-κB dependent proinflammatory gene expression by influencing NF-κB nuclear translocation in THP-1 cells. Oral administration of AESL inhibited STZ-induced increase in serum lipid peroxidation, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and Lactate dehydrogenase of diabetic rats. Significant increase in activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and a reduced level of glutathione, were observed in AESL treatment. The results demonstrate that AESL is useful in controlling blood glucose and also has antioxidant potential to influence the translocation of NF-κB, protect damage caused by hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Narkunaraja Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Homme RP, Sandhu HS, George AK, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Sustained Inhibition of NF-κB Activity Mitigates Retinal Vasculopathy in Diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:947-964. [PMID: 33640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of long-term NF-κB inhibition in mitigating retinal vasculopathy in a type 1 diabetic mouse model (Akita, Ins2Akita). Akita and wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice, 24 to 26 weeks old, were treated with or without a selective inhibitor of NF-κB, 4-methyl-N1-(3-phenyl-propyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23), for 4 weeks. Treatment was given when the mice were at least 24 weeks old. Metabolic parameters, key inflammatory mediators, blood-retinal barrier junction molecules, retinal structure, and function were measured. JSH-23 significantly lowered basal glucose levels and intraocular pressure in Akita. It also mitigated vascular remodeling and microaneurysms significantly. Optical coherence tomography of untreated Akita showed thinning of retinal layers; however, treatment with JSH-23 could prevent it. Electroretinogram demonstrated that A- and B-waves in Akita were significantly smaller than in wild type mice, indicating that JSH-23 intervention prevented loss of retinal function. Protein levels and gene expression of key inflammatory mediators, such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, were decreased after JSH-23 treatment. At the same time, connexin-43 and occludin were maintained. Vision-guided behavior also improved significantly. The results show that reducing inflammation could protect the diabetic retina and its vasculature. Findings appear to have broader implications in treating not only ocular conditions but also other vasculopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Harpal S Sandhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arkali G, Aksakal M, Kaya ŞÖ. Protective effects of carvacrol against diabetes-induced reproductive damage in male rats: Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway and inhibition of Nf-kB-mediated testicular apoptosis and inflammation. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13899. [PMID: 33242925 DOI: 10.1111/and.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which causes many complications, also adversely affects reproductive system in men. Studies reported that natural antioxidants are effective in reducing important complication risks caused by diabetes. Carvacrol is an antioxidant phenolic monoterpene compound with therapeutic effect in various diseases found in essential oils of aromatic plants such as pepper, wild bergamot and thyme. We aimed to investigate the effects of carvacrol on diabetes-induced reproductive damage in male rats by evaluating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and Nf-kB-mediated apoptosis/inflammation and spermatological parameters. For this purpose, 74 Wistar albino male rats were used. The diabetes model was performed using single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg. Rats were fed with carvacrol 75 mg/kg/daily/gavage for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, diabetic group, carvacrol group which fed with carvacrol and the diabetic group which fed with carvacrol. It was determined that carvacrol significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels, Bax,COX-2,Nf-kB protein expression levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and significantly increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, Bcl-2, Nrf2,HO-1 protein expression levels and it was determined that had a positive effect on spermatological parameters. In conclusion, the negative effects of diabetes in the male reproductive system can be prevented and/or reduced by giving carvacrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Arkali
- Department of Physiology, Fırat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mesut Aksakal
- Department of Physiology, Fırat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Özer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemınation, Fırat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu GB, Guan PP, Wang P. Prostaglandin A1 Decreases the Phosphorylation of Tau by Activating Protein Phosphatase 2A via a Michael Addition Mechanism at Cysteine 377. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1114-1127. [PMID: 33095414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) A1 is a metabolic product of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) that is potentially involved in regulating the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PGA1 is a cyclopentenone (cy) PG characterized by the presence of a chemically reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl. PGA1 is potentially involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes via Michael addition; however, the specific roles of PGA1 in AD remain unclear. TauP301S transgenic (Tg) mice were used as in vivo AD models, and neuroblastoma (N) 2a cells were used as an in vitro neuronal model. The PGA1-binding proteins were identified by HPLC-MS-MS after intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) of PGA1. Western blotting was used to determine tau phosphorylation in PGA1-treated Tg mice in the absence or in the presence of okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase (PP) 2A. A combination of pull-down assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and HPLC-MS-MS was used to determine that the PP2A scaffold subunit A alpha (PPP2R1A) is activated by the direct binding of PGA1 to cysteine 377. The effect of inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation was tested in the Morris maze to determine the inhibitory effects of PGA1 on cognitive decline in tauP301S Tg mice. Incubation with N2a cells, pull-down assay, and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed and indicated that PGA1 binds to more than 1000 proteins; some of these proteins are associated with AD and especially with tauopathies. Moreover, short-term administration of PGA1 in tauP301S Tg mice significantly decreased tau phosphorylation at Thr181, Ser202, and Ser404 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was caused by the activation of PPP2R1A in tauP301S Tg mice. Importantly, PGA1 can form a Michael adduct with cysteine 377 of PPP2R1A, which is critical for the enzymatic activity of PP2A. Long-term treatment of tauP301S Tg mice with PGA1 activated PP2A and significantly reduced tau phosphorylation resulting in improvements in cognitive decline in tauP301S Tg mice. Our data provided new insight into the mechanisms of the ameliorating effects of PGA1 on cognitive decline in tauP301S Tg mice by activating PP2A via a mechanism involving the formation of a Michael adduct with cysteine 377 of PPP2R1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Biao Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Cheng Da Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110179, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song XL, Li MJ, Liu Q, Hu ZX, Xu ZY, Li JH, Zheng WL, Huang XM, Xiao F, Cui YH, Pan HW. Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside Protects Lens Epithelial Cells against High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis and Prevents Cataract Formation via Suppressing NF-κB Activation and Cox-2 Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8286-8294. [PMID: 32640796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cataract is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is found to exert beneficial effects on many diabetic complications. However, its effect on diabetic cataract is not well known. Herein, we investigated the effect of C3G on high glucose-induced lens epithelial cell (SRA01/04) apoptosis and cataract formation as well as the involved mechanisms. We found C3G (20 μM) could preserve cell viability in SRA01/04 cells exposed to high glucose (100 μM). Meanwhile, C3G inhibited SRA01/04 cell apoptosis and regulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Additionally, C3G suppressed NF-κB activation and subsequent cyclooxygenases-2 (Cox-2) expression, which are associated with the protection against apoptosis. Moreover, C3G attenuated lens opacity and protein aggregation in lens culture exposed to high glucose. In conclusion, C3G protected against high glucose-induced SRA01/04 cell apoptosis and cataract formation, which indicated the potential protection of anthocyanins on diabetic cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Song
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei-Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- West Campus, University of Chinese Acadamy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hong Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hong-Wei Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Integrated Analysis of the Mechanisms of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9768414. [PMID: 32419835 PMCID: PMC7204321 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9768414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased year by year, which not only seriously affects people's quality of life, but also imposes a heavy economic burden on the family, society, and country. Currently, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM are still unclear. Therefore, exploration of a precise multitarget treatment strategy is urgent. Here, we attempt to screen out the active components, effective targets, and functional pathways of therapeutic drugs through network pharmacology with taking advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for multitarget holistic treatment of diseases to clarify the potential therapeutic mechanism of TCM formulas and provide a systematic and clear thought for T2DM treatment. Methods First, we screened the active components of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) calculation. Second, we predicted and screened the active components of DCHD and its therapeutic targets for T2DM relying on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP database) and Text Mining Tool (GoPubMed database), while using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to obtain T2DM targets. Third, we constructed a network of the active component-target, target-pathway of DCHD using Cytoscape software (http://cytoscape.org/,ver.3.5.1) and then analyzed gene function, related biological processes, and signal pathways through the DAVID database. Results We screened 77 active components from 1278 DCHD components and 116 effective targets from 253 ones. After matching the targets of T2DM, we obtained 38 important targets and 7 core targets were selected through further analysis. Through enrichment analysis, we found that these important targets were mainly involved in many biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. After analyzing the relevant pathways, the synthetic pathway for the treatment of T2DM was obtained, which provided a diagnosis-treatment idea for DCHD in the treatment of T2DM. Conclusions This article reveals the mechanism of DCHD in the treatment of T2DM related to inflammatory response and apoptosis through network pharmacology, which lays a foundation for further elucidation of drugs effective targets.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu CH, Ou HC, Day CH, Chen HI, Pai PY, Lee CY, Chen RJ, Chang RL, PadmaViswanadha V, Hsieh DJY, Huang CY. Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic-induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:468-477. [PMID: 31794124 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-documented that the consumption of deep sea water (DSW) has beneficial effects on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac apoptosis induced by hypercholesterolemia. However, the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of DSW on diabetic cardiomyopathy are still largely unclear. The main purpose of this present study was to test the hypothesis that DSW exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of the TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways. IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 65 mg/kg was used to establish a diabetes rat model. DSW mineral extracts that diluted in desalinated water were prepared in three different dosages and administered to the rats through gavages for 4 weeks. These dosages are DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+ /kg/day), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+ /kg/day) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+ mg/kg/day). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that the protein expression level of TNF-α was markedly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts than in the control group. Consequently, the phosphorylation levels of the TNF-α-modulated downstream signaling molecules and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were notably elevated in heart tissues of STZ-induced diabetes. These higher phosphorylation levels subsequently upregulated NF-κB-modulated inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, treatment with DSW as well as MgSO4 , the main mineral in DSW, significantly reversed all the alterations. These findings suggest that DSW has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Metryka E, Kupnicka P, Kapczuk P, Simińska D, Tarnowski M, Goschorska M, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Lead (Pb) as a Factor Initiating and Potentiating Inflammation in Human THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062254. [PMID: 32214022 PMCID: PMC7139839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of lead (Pb) at low concentrations (imitating Pb levels in human blood in chronic environmental exposure to this metal) on interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations and the activity and expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in THP-1 macrophages. Macrophages were cultured in vitro in the presence of Pb at concentrations of: 1.25 μg/dL; 2.5 μg/dL; 5 μg/dL; 10 μg/dL. The first two concentrations of Pb were selected on the basis of our earlier study, which showed that Pb concentration in whole blood (PbB) of young women living in the northern regions of Poland and in the cord blood of their newborn children was within this range (a dose imitating environmental exposure). Concentrations of 5 μg/dL and 10 μg/dL correspond to the previously permissible PbB concentrations in children or pregnant women, and adults. Our results indicate that even low concentrations of Pb cause an increase in production of inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), increases expression of COX-1 and COX-2, and increases thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 concentration in macrophages. This clearly suggests that the development of inflammation is associated not only with COX-2 but also with COX-1, which, until recently, had only been attributed constitutive expression. It can be concluded that environmental Pb concentrations are able to activate the monocytes/macrophages similarly to the manner observed during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (M.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Microvesicles and exosomes in metabolic diseases and inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 51:27-39. [PMID: 31917095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are based on a dysregulated crosstalk between various cells such as adipocytes, hepatocytes and immune cells. Generally, hormones and metabolites mediate this crosstalk that becomes alterated in metabolic syndrome including obesity and diabetes. Recently, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a novel way of cell-to-cell communication and represent an attractive strategy to transfer fundamental informations between the cells through the transport of proteins and nucleic acids. EVs, released in the extracellular space, circulate via the various body fluids and modulate the cellular responses following their interaction with the near and far target cells. Clinical and experimental data support their role as biomarkers and bioeffectors in several diseases includimg also the metabolic syndrome. Despite numerous studies on the role of macrophages in the development of metabolic diseases, to date, there are little informations about the influence of metabolic stress on the EVs produced by macrophages and about the role of the released vesicles in the organism. Here, we review current understanding about the role of EVs in metabolic diseases, mainly in inflammation status burst. This knowledge may play a relevant role in health monitoring, medical diagnosis and personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
14
|
Additive Effect of Topical Nepafenac on Mydriasis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 46:310-313. [PMID: 31503086 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the additive effect of topical nepafenac on pupil diameter (PD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cataract. METHODS This prospective comparative study included the patients having cataract surgery with and without DM. Two consecutive PD measurements were taken using an automatic quantitative pupillometry system (MonPack One, Metrovision). A baseline measurement was taken, then one drop of nepafenac % 0.1 (Nevanac; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) was instilled only to the eye that will be operated on (study eye). Cyclopentolate 1.0% (Sikloplejin; Abdi İbrahim, İstanbul, Turkey) was instilled to both eyes (study eye/fellow eye) 5 minutes later. The second measurement was taken at 1 hour after this application. RESULTS The DM group consisted of 43 patients, and the control group consisted of 39 participants. The baseline PDs of both eyes were similar in the DM group (P=0.070) and the control group (P=0.345). The change in pupil size from baseline to mydriasis was statistically significantly greater in the study eyes (2.69±0.53) than fellow eyes (2.54±0.61) in the DM group (P=0.009), but there was no statistically significant difference in the control group (2.94±0.63 vs. 2.86±0.58). When the groups were compared, the PD changes were similar in the study eyes between groups (P=0.065), while the PD changes in the fellow eyes were lower in the DM group (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Nepafenac has been shown additive effect on pupil dilation in diabetic patients before cataract surgery.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
The hyperglycemia-induced enhanced oxidative stress is a key factor of diabetic peripheral neuropathy implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, and microRNA may be involved, playing promotion or protection roles. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of miR-25 during the development of oxidative/nitrative stress and in subsequent neurological problems. We detected the oxidative stress effects and expression of miR-25 on sciatic nerves from db/db diabetic model mice and analyzed the expression of related genes by qPCR and Western blotting. Interestingly, we observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nox4 expression in db/db mice accompanied with reduced miR-25. MiR-25 inhibitor treatment increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate activity in Schwann cells, whereas miR-25 precursor overexpression led to opposite results. MiR-25 precursor reduced the activation of protein kinase C and decreased Nox4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) were increased in the serum and in the peripheral nerves obtained from diabetic mice, and miR-25 inhibitor treatment in Schwann cells from wt mice led to the same effect. However, miR-25 precursor transfection reduced AGEs and RAGE, and further reduced inflammatory factors that contribute to the pathological process of peripheral nerves. These findings, for the first time, indicate that miR-25 acts as a protection factor in diabetic neuropathy by downregulating AGE-RAGE and reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. miR-25 reduced protein kinase C-α phosphorylation to produce less reactive oxygen species in diabetic peripheral nerves, and therefore it played an important role in the regulation of oxidative/nitrative stress and in consequent neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Grosick R, Alvarado-Vazquez PA, Messersmith AR, Romero-Sandoval EA. High glucose induces a priming effect in macrophages and exacerbates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after a challenge. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1769-1778. [PMID: 30237731 PMCID: PMC6136416 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s164493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with chronic inflammation, in which macrophages are the key effectors. We utilized an in vitro approach to determine the effects of high glucose on macrophage phenotype. Materials and methods We exposed human THP-1 macrophages to normal glucose (5 mM) and a clinically relevant high glucose environment (15 mM) and measured the expression and concentration of molecules associated with a diabetic cellular phenotype. Results We found that THP-1 macrophages in high glucose conditions did not influence the basal expression of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor-4, or class A scavenger receptor mRNA, or the concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and IL-10, but induced a priming effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Then, we stimulated THP-1 macrophages with a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 µg/mL). After stimulation with LPS, we observed an exacerbated increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 concentration in the high glucose condition compared to the normal glucose environment. THP-1 macrophages in high glucose conditions developed tolerance to IL-10 anti-inflammatory effects (TNF-α production) when challenged with LPS. Conclusion Our in vitro approach allows the study of macrophages as potential targets for therapeutic purposes since it compares them to primary human macrophages exposed to high glucose and macrophages from patients with diabetes or complications of painful diabetic neuropathy (i.e. ulcers, adipocytes, and pancreas).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grosick
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Science, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, SC, USA
| | | | - Amy R Messersmith
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Science, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, SC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Araújo AC, Wheelock CE, Haeggström JZ. The Eicosanoids, Redox-Regulated Lipid Mediators in Immunometabolic Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:275-296. [PMID: 28978222 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The oxidation of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity to produce eicosanoids during inflammation is a well-known biosynthetic pathway. These lipid mediators are involved in fever, pain, and thrombosis and are produced from multiple cells as well as cell/cell interactions, for example, immune cells and epithelial/endothelial cells. Metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, are linked with chronic low-grade inflammation, impacting the immune system and promoting a variety of chronic diseases. Recent Advances: Multiple studies have corroborated the important function of eicosanoids and their receptors in (non)-inflammatory cells in immunometabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases). In this context, LOX and COX products are involved in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, recent work has elucidated the potent function of specialized proresolving mediators (i.e., lipoxins and resolvins) in resolving inflammation, protecting organs, and stimulating tissue repair and remodeling. CRITICAL ISSUES Inhibiting/stimulating selected eicosanoid pathways may result in anti-inflammatory and proresolution responses leading to multiple beneficial effects, including the abrogation of reactive oxygen species production, increased speed of resolution, and overall improvement of diseases related to immunometabolic perturbations. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite many achievements, it is crucial to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immunological/metabolic cross talk to offer substantial therapeutic promise. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 275-296.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Araújo
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tarnowski M, Tkacz M, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Pawlik A. COX2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes. J Gene Med 2018; 19. [PMID: 28474840 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance occurring in pregnancy. Low-grade inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The present study aimed to examine the association between COX2 (rs6681231) and NOS3 (rs1799983 and rs2070744) gene polymorphisms and GDM. METHODS The study included 204 pregnant women with GDM and 207 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. RESULTS We observed an increased frequency of COX2 rs6681231 CC and GC genotype carriers among women with GDM (CC + GC versus GG, odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.36, p = 0.043; C versus G, odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-2.30, p = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of NOS3 rs1799983 and rs2070744 between GDM and healthy women. Moreover, among women treated with insulin, we observed an increased frequency of COX2 rs6681231 CC and NOS3 rs1799983 TT genotype carriers. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that the CC genotype of the COX2 rs6681231 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GDM and the need for insulin therapy, whereas the TT genotype of the NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism may be associated with the need for insulin therapy in women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dunn JLM, Kartchner LB, Gast K, Sessions M, Hunter RA, Thurlow L, Richardson A, Schoenfisch M, Cairns BA, Maile R. Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates a hyperresponsive state in pulmonary neutrophils late after burn injury. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:909-918. [PMID: 29393976 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0616-251rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death late after burn injury due to the severe immune dysfunction that follows this traumatic injury. The Mechanistic/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway drives many effector functions of innate immune cells required for bacterial clearance. Studies have demonstrated alterations in multiple cellular processes in patients and animal models following burn injury in which mTOR is a central component. Goals of this study were to (1) investigate the importance of mTOR signaling in antimicrobial activity by neutrophils and (2) therapeutically target mTOR to promote normalization of the immune response. We utilized a murine model of 20% total body surface area burn and the mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin. Burn injury led to innate immune hyperresponsiveness in the lung including recruitment of neutrophils with greater ex vivo oxidative activity compared with neutrophils from sham-injured mice. Elevated oxidative function correlated with improved clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, despite down-regulated expression of the bacterial-sensing TLR molecules. Rapamycin administration reversed the burn injury-induced lung innate immune hyperresponsiveness and inhibited enhanced bacterial clearance in burn mice compared with untreated burn mice, resulting in significantly higher mortality. Neutrophil ex vivo oxidative burst was decreased by rapamycin treatment. These data indicate that (1) neutrophil function within the lung is more important than recruitment for bacterial clearance following burn injury and (2) mTOR inhibition significantly impacts innate immune hyperresponsiveness, including neutrophil effector function, allowing normalization of the immune response late after burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L M Dunn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurel B Kartchner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karli Gast
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marci Sessions
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance Thurlow
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Richardson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Yao B, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang S, Niu A, Yang H, Fogo A, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Macrophage Cyclooxygenase-2 Protects Against Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2017; 66:494-504. [PMID: 27815317 PMCID: PMC5248989 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by increased macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages contribute to development of DN. Previous studies by us and others have reported that macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a role in polarization and maintenance of a macrophage tissue-reparative M2 phenotype. We examined the effects of macrophage COX-2 on development of DN in type 1 diabetes. Cultured macrophages with COX-2 deletion exhibited an M1 phenotype, as demonstrated by higher inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-κB levels but lower interleukin-4 receptor-α levels. Compared with corresponding wild-type diabetic mice, mice with COX-2 deletion in hematopoietic cells (COX-2 knockout bone marrow transplantation) or macrophages (CD11b-Cre COX2f/f) developed severe DN, as indicated by increased albuminuria, fibrosis, and renal infiltration of T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Although diabetic kidneys with macrophage COX-2 deletion had more macrophage infiltration, they had fewer renal M2 macrophages. Diabetic kidneys with macrophage COX-2 deletion also had increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased number of podocytes. Similar results were found in diabetic mice with macrophage PGE2 receptor subtype 4 deletion. In summary, these studies have demonstrated an important but unexpected role for macrophage COX-2/prostaglandin E2/PGE2 receptor subtype 4 signaling to lessen progression of diabetic kidney disease, unlike the pathogenic effects of increased COX-2 expression in intrinsic renal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Philyppov IB, Paduraru ON, Gulak KL, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N, Shuba YM. TRPA1-dependent regulation of bladder detrusor smooth muscle contractility in normal and type I diabetic rats. J Smooth Muscle Res 2016; 52:1-17. [PMID: 26935999 PMCID: PMC5137256 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.52.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is activated by painful low
temperatures (˂17 °C), irritating chemicals, reactive metabolites and mediators of
inflammation. In the bladder TRPA1 is predominantly expressed in sensory afferent nerve
endings, where it mediates sensory transduction. The contractile effect of its activation
on detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) is explained by the release from sensory afferents of
inflammatory factors – tachykinins and prostaglandins, which cause smooth muscle cell
contraction. Diabetes is a systemic disease, with common complications being diabetic
cystopathies and urinary incontinence. However, data on how diabetes affects bladder
contractility associated with TRPA1 activation are not available. In this study, by using
a rat model with streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes, contractility measurements of DSM
strips in response to TRPA1-activating and modulating pharmacological agents and
assessment of TRPA1 mRNA expression in bladder-innervating dorsal root ganglia, we have
shown that diabetes enhances the TRPA1-dependent mechanism involved in bladder DSM
contractility. This is not due to changes in TRPA1 expression, but mainly due to the
general inflammatory reaction caused by diabetes. The latter leads to an increase in
cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin synthesis through the mechanisms associated with
substance P activity. This results in the enhanced functional coupling between the
tachykinin and prostanoid systems, and the concomitant increase of their impact on DSM
contractility in response to TRPA1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Philyppov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
García-Díaz JA, Navarrete-Vázquez G, García-Jiménez S, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Almanza-Pérez JC, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Gómez-Zamudio J, Cruz M, Ibarra-Barajas M, Estrada-Soto S. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of tilianin in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:667-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
24
|
Zhang H, Liu J, Qu D, Wang L, Luo JY, Lau CW, Liu P, Gao Z, Tipoe GL, Lee HK, Ng CF, Ma RCW, Yao X, Huang Y. Inhibition of miR-200c Restores Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice Through Suppression of COX-2. Diabetes 2016; 65:1196-207. [PMID: 26822089 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic vasculopathy. Our initial quantitative PCR results showed an increased miR-200c expression in arteries from diabetic mice and patients with diabetes. However, whether miR-200c is involved in diabetic endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Overexpression of miR-200c impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in nondiabetic mouse aortas, whereas suppression of miR-200c by anti-miR-200c enhanced EDRs in diabetic db/db mice. miR-200c suppressed ZEB1 expression, and ZEB1 overexpression ameliorated endothelial dysfunction induced by miR-200c or associated with diabetes. More importantly, overexpression of anti-miR-200c or ZEB1 in vivo attenuated miR-200c expression and improved EDRs in db/db mice. Mechanistic study with the use of COX-2(-/-) mice revealed that COX-2 mediated miR-200c-induced endothelial dysfunction and that miR-200c upregulated COX-2 expression in endothelial cells through suppression of ZEB1 and increased production of prostaglandin E2, which also reduced EDR. This study demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that miR-200c is a new mediator of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of miR-200c rescues EDRs in diabetic mice. These new findings suggest the potential usefulness of miR-200c as the target for drug intervention against diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/chemistry
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Renal Artery/metabolism
- Renal Artery/pathology
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Vasodilation
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/genetics
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Madonna R, Giovannelli G, Confalone P, Renna FV, Geng YJ, De Caterina R. High glucose-induced hyperosmolarity contributes to COX-2 expression and angiogenesis: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:18. [PMID: 26822858 PMCID: PMC4731895 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that glucose-induced hyperosmolarity, occurring in diabetic hyperglycemia, promotes retinal angiogenesis, and that interference with osmolarity signaling ameliorates excessive angiogenesis and retinopathy in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results We incubated human aortic (HAECs) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) with glucose or mannitol for 24 h and tested them for protein levels and in vitro angiogenesis. We used the Ins2 Akita mice as a model of type 1 diabetes to test the in vivo relevance of in vitro observations. Compared to incubations with normal (5 mmol/L) glucose concentrations, cells exposed to both high glucose and high mannitol (at 30.5 or 50.5 mmol/L) increased expression of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. This was preceded by increased activity of the osmolarity-sensitive transcription factor Tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), and enhanced endothelial migration and tubulization in Matrigel, reverted by treatment with AQP1 and TonEBP siRNA. Retinas of Ins2 Akita mice showed increased levels of AQP1 and COX-2, as well as angiogenesis, all reverted by AQP1 siRNA intravitreal injections. Conclusions Glucose-related hyperosmolarity seems to be able to promote angiogenesis and retinopathy through activation of TonEBP and possibly increasing expression of AQP1 and COX-2. Osmolarity signaling may be a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gaia Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Pamela Confalone
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vera Renna
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress Induces Inflammation and Neurodegeneration via Augmented Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-2 (TSC-2) Activation in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:238-254. [PMID: 26738854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a systemic disease mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and with extensive and long-lasting spiteful complications in central nervous systems (CNS). Astrocytes play an important role in the defense mechanism of CNS, with great ability of withstanding accumulation of toxic substances. Apart from functional disorders, hyperglycemia leads to slow progressive structural abnormalities in the CNS through oxidative stress pathways. However, the molecular mechanism by which neurons die under oxidative stress induced by high glucose (HG) remains largely unclear. Here, we report that HG-induced inflammation and neurodegeneration in brain tissues, brain astrocytes (C6), and pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells are cultured in HG conditions. Our results show that the increases in phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2MAPK are associated with increased accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuronal cells, which simultaneously enhanced phosphorylations of tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (TSC-2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the diabetic brain and in HG-exposed neuronal cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt or ERK1/2 or siRNA-mediated gene silencing of TSC-2 suppressed the strong downregulation of TSC-2-mTOR activation. Findings of this study also demonstrate that HG resulted in phosphorylation of NF-κB, coinciding with the increased production of inflammatory mediators and activation of neurodegenerative markers. Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants, phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt, and ERK1/2 inhibitors significantly reduced HG-induced TSC-2 phosphorylation and restored NF-κB protein expression leading to decreased production of inflammatory mediators and neurodegenerative markers. These results illustrate that ROS functions as a key signaling component in the regulatory pathway induced by elevated glucose in neuronal cell activation leading to inflammation and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
27
|
Siewiera K, Kassassir H, Talar M, Wieteska L, Watala C. Long-term untreated streptozotocin-diabetes leads to increased expression and elevated activity of prostaglandin H2synthase in blood platelets. Platelets 2015; 27:203-11. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1075492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Korbecki J, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Chlubek D. Vanadium Compounds as Pro-Inflammatory Agents: Effects on Cyclooxygenases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12648-68. [PMID: 26053397 PMCID: PMC4490466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses how the activity and expression of cyclooxygenases are influenced by vanadium compounds at anticancer concentrations and recorded in inorganic vanadium poisonings. We refer mainly to the effects of vanadate (orthovanadate), vanadyl and pervanadate ions; the main focus is placed on their impact on intracellular signaling. We describe the exact mechanism of the effect of vanadium compounds on protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), PLCγ, Src, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, transcription factor NF-κB, the effect on the proteolysis of COX-2 and the activity of cPLA2. For a better understanding of these processes, a lot of space is devoted to the transformation of vanadium compounds within the cell and the molecular influence on the direct targets of the discussed vanadium compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kassan M, Choi SK, Galán M, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Nuclear factor kappa B inhibition improves conductance artery function in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:39-49. [PMID: 24652705 PMCID: PMC4829069 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that enhanced nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity is responsible for resistance arteries dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS In this study, we aimed to determine whether augmented NFκB activity also impairs conductance artery (thoracic aorta) function in type 2 diabetic mice. We treated type 2 diabetic (db(-) /db(-) ) and control (db(-) /db(+) ) mice with two NFκB inhibitors (dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, 6 mg/kg, twice a week and IKK-NBD peptide, 500 µg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. RESULTS As expected, the NFκB inhibition did not affect blood glucose level and body weight. Thoracic aorta vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR), determined by the wire myograph, was impaired in diabetic mice compared with control and was significantly improved after NFκB inhibition. Interestingly, thoracic EDR was also rescued in db(-) /db(-p50NFκB-/-) and db(-) /db(-PARP-1-/-) double knockout mice compared with db(-) /db(-) mice. Similarly, the acute in vitro down regulation of NFκB-p65 using p65 shRNA lentiviral particles in arteries from db(-) /db(-) mice also improved thoracic aorta EDR. Western blot analysis showed that the p65NFκB phosphorylation, cleaved PARP-1 and COX-2 expression were increased in thoracic aorta from diabetic mice, which were restored after NFκB inhibition and in db(-) /db(-p-50NFκB-/-) and db(-) /db(-PARP-1-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that in male type 2 diabetic mice, the augmented NFκB activity also impairs conductance artery function through PARP-1 and COX-2-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA-70112
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA-70112
| | - Maria Galán
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA-70112
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering University at Albany 257 Fuller Rd. Albany, NY 12203
| | - Souad Belmadani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, 700 W Olney Rd, Norfolk, Virginia 23501
- Corresponding Authors: Khalid Matrougui, Ph.D. () & Souad Belmadani, PhD () Department of Physiological Sciences, 700 W Olney Rd, Norfolk, Virginia 23501. Phone: 757-446-5278. Fax: 757-624-2270
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA-70112
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, 700 W Olney Rd, Norfolk, Virginia 23501
- Corresponding Authors: Khalid Matrougui, Ph.D. () & Souad Belmadani, PhD () Department of Physiological Sciences, 700 W Olney Rd, Norfolk, Virginia 23501. Phone: 757-446-5278. Fax: 757-624-2270
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu CT, Hsu TW, Chen KM, Tan YP, Lii CK, Sheen LY. The Antidiabetic Effect of Garlic Oil is Associated with Ameliorated Oxidative Stress but Not Ameliorated Level of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:135-44. [PMID: 24716126 PMCID: PMC3942916 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory condition has been broadly accepted being associated with the progression of diabetes. On the other hand, garlic (大蒜 dà suàn, bulb of Allium sativum) has been shown to possess both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in several clinical conditions. Our previous study demonstrated that treatment with garlic oil improves oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance and improves the insulin-stimulated utilization of glucose to synthesize glycogen in skeletal muscle in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic oil (GO) in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes received GO (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) or corn oil by gavage every other day for 3 weeks. Control rats received corn oil only. GO dose-dependently improved insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the insulin tolerance test, and oral glucose tolerance. GO significantly elevated total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity and lowered the nitrate/nitrite content in skeletal muscle at 50 and 100 mg/kg and significantly elevated glutathione reductase activity and lowered lipid peroxidation at 100 mg/kg. By contrast, GO did not reverse diabetes-induced elevation of IL-1β and TNF-α in skeletal muscle at any tested dose. On the other hand, GO elevated the expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle along with glycogen content as observed with PAS staining. In conclusion, the antidiabetic effect of garlic oil is associated with ameliorated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tzu Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan ; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Wei Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Tan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Labonte AC, Tosello-Trampont AC, Hahn YS. The role of macrophage polarization in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Mol Cells 2014; 37:275-85. [PMID: 24625576 PMCID: PMC4012075 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, found in circulating blood as well as integrated into several tissues and organs throughout the body, represent an important first line of defense against disease and a necessary component of healthy tissue homeostasis. Additionally, macrophages that arise from the differentiation of monocytes recruited from the blood to inflamed tissues play a central role in regulating local inflammation. Studies of macrophage activation in the last decade or so have revealed that these cells adopt a staggering range of phenotypes that are finely tuned responses to a variety of different stimuli, and that the resulting subsets of activated macrophages play critical roles in both progression and resolution of disease. This review summarizes the current understanding of the contributions of differentially polarized macrophages to various infectious and inflammatory diseases and the ongoing effort to develop novel therapies that target this key aspect of macrophage biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Labonte
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia,
USA
| | | | - Young S. Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xiu F, Stanojcic M, Diao L, Jeschke MG. Stress hyperglycemia, insulin treatment, and innate immune cells. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:486403. [PMID: 24899891 PMCID: PMC4034653 DOI: 10.1155/2014/486403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia (HG) and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of a profoundly altered metabolism in critical illness resulting from the release of cortisol, catecholamines, and cytokines, as well as glucagon and growth hormone. Recent studies have proposed a fundamental role of the immune system towards the development of insulin resistance in traumatic patients. A comprehensive review of published literatures on the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin on innate immunity in critical illness was conducted. This review explored the interaction between the innate immune system and trauma-induced hypermetabolism, while providing greater insight into unraveling the relationship between innate immune cells and hyperglycemia. Critical illness substantially disturbs glucose metabolism resulting in a state of hyperglycemia. Alterations in glucose and insulin regulation affect the immune function of cellular components comprising the innate immunity system. Innate immune system dysfunction via hyperglycemia is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality in critical illness. Along with others, we hypothesize that reduction in morbidity and mortality observed in patients receiving insulin treatment is partially due to its effect on the attenuation of the immune response. However, there still remains substantial controversy regarding moderate versus intensive insulin treatment. Future studies need to determine the integrated effects of HG and insulin on the regulation of innate immunity in order to provide more effective insulin treatment regimen for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xiu
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D704, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mile Stanojcic
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D704, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Li Diao
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D704, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Marc G. Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D704, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Marc G. Jeschke:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmohl JU, Daub K, von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Lindemann S, Schönberger T, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Seizer P. Differential MMP-9 activity in CD34⁺progenitor cell-derived foam cells from diabetic and normoglycemic patients. Herz 2013; 40 Suppl 3:269-76. [PMID: 24305990 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-4012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upon coincubation with platelet aggregates, CD34(+) progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate into foam cells. There is evidence that progenitor cells from diabetic and nondiabetic patients have different properties, which may affect the patients' prognosis. In this study we investigated an in vitro model of foam cell formation based on patient-derived CD34(+) progenitor cells. We analyzed the growth characteristics as well as the M-CSF-release and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis from CD34(+) progenitor cell-derived foam cells originating from diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Bone marrow samples were obtained from 38 patients who were elected for thoracic surgery. CD34(+) progenitor cells from diabetic and nondiabetic patients were isolated and incubated with platelets from healthy volunteers. Foam cell formation was confirmed by immunostaining (CD68) and quantified by light microscopy. Whereas the absolute number of foam cells was not affected, the negative slope in the growth curve was seen significantly later in the diabetic group. In supernatants derived from"diabetic" CD34(+) progenitor cells, MMP-9 was significantly enhanced, whereas MMP-2 activity or M-CSF-release was not affected significantly. CONCLUSION In a coculture model of CD34(+) progenitor cells with platelets, we show for the first time that"diabetic" CD34(+) progenitor cells exhibit functional differences in their differentiation to foam cells concerning growth characteristics and release of MMP-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J U Schmohl
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Rheumatologie und Pulmologie, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yi X, Zeng C, Liu H, Chen X, Zhang P, Yun BS, Jin G, Zhou A. Lack of RNase L attenuates macrophage functions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81269. [PMID: 24324683 PMCID: PMC3852499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are one of the major cell types in innate immunity against microbial infection. It is believed that the expression of proinflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) by macrophages is also crucial for activation of both innate and adaptive immunities. RNase L is an interferon (IFN) inducible enzyme which is highly expressed in macrophages. It has been demonstrated that RNase L regulates the expression of certain inflammatory genes. However, its role in macrophage function is largely unknown. METHODOLOGY Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were generated from RNase L(+/+)and (-/-) mice. The migration of BMMs was analyzed by using Transwell migration assays. Endocytosis and phagocytosis of macrophages were assessed by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran 40,000 and FITC-E. coli bacteria, respectively. The expression of inflammatory genes was determined by Western Blot and ELISA. The promoter activity of Cox-2 was measured by luciferase reporter assays. CONCLUSIONS/FINDINGS Lack of RNase L significantly decreased the migration of BMMs induced by M-CSF, but at a less extent by GM-CSF and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 (CCL2). Interestingly, RNase L deficient BMMs showed a significant reduction of endocytic activity to FITC-Dextran 40,000, but no any obvious effect on their phagocytic activity to FITC-bacteria under the same condition. RNase L impacts the expression of certain genes related to cell migration and inflammation such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-1β, IL-10, CCL2 and Cox-2. Furthermore, the functional analysis of the Cox-2 promoter revealed that RNase L regulated the expression of Cox-2 in macrophages at its transcriptional level. Taken together, our findings provide direct evidence showing that RNase L contributes to innate immunity through regulating macrophage functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chun Zeng
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hongli Liu
- Central Laboratory, the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wanjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boo Seok Yun
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Clinical Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kato M, Castro NE, Natarajan R. MicroRNAs: potential mediators and biomarkers of diabetic complications. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 64:85-94. [PMID: 23770198 PMCID: PMC3762900 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is escalating worldwide and, consequently, this has become a major health care problem. Moreover, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with significantly accelerated rates of microvascular complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, as well as macrovascular complications such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular and hypertensive diseases. Key factors have been implicated in leading to these complications, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and related increases in cellular oxidant stress (including mitochondrial) and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the high incidence of diabetic complications, which often progress despite glycemic control, are still not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that have elicited immense interest in recent years. They repress target gene expression via posttranscriptional mechanisms and have diverse cellular and biological functions. Herein, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications, their involvement in oxidant stress, and also the potential use of differentially expressed miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bernal-Lopez MR, Llorente-Cortes V, Calleja F, Lopez-Carmona D, Mayas MD, Gomez-Huelgas R, Badimon L, Tinahones FJ. Effect of different degrees of impaired glucose metabolism on the expression of inflammatory markers in monocytes of patients with atherosclerosis. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:553-62. [PMID: 21997325 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory markers are elevated in type 2 diabetic patients (DP) and may predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Our aims were to analyze differences in the expression of inflammatory and immunological molecules between DP and healthy subjects and to investigate whether glycemic control might prevent the overexpression of inflammatory markers in DP. Twenty-two DP with advanced atherosclerosis and eight healthy blood donors were included. DP were classified as well (HbA1c ≤ 6.5) or poorly controlled (HbA1c > 6.5). In "in vitro" studies, monocytes were exposed to low (5.5 mM) or high glucose (26 mM) concentrations in the absence or presence of insulin. Expression profiling of 14 inflammatory genes was analyzed using TLDA analysis. "In vivo" results show that monocytes from DP had increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin 6 (IL6) and lower levels of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA than healthy subjects. Well-controlled DP had lower levels of IL-6 than poorly controlled DP, suggesting that glycemic control may prevent IL6 mRNA alterations associated with diabetes. "In vitro" results demonstrate that glucose directly and significantly induced MCP-1 and IL6 and reduced TLR2 mRNA expression. Insulin at high dose (100 IU/ml) dramatically enhanced the upregulatory effects of glucose on MCP-1 and IL-6 and reduced per se TLR2 mRNA expression. MCP-1, IL-6 and TLR2 are key inflammatory players altered in monocytes from type 2 DP. Both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia contribute to alter the expression of these genes. The glycemic control only significantly prevented IL6 overexpression in this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Bernal-Lopez
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kassan M, Choi SK, Galán M, Bishop A, Umezawa K, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Enhanced NF-κB activity impairs vascular function through PARP-1-, SP-1-, and COX-2-dependent mechanisms in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:2078-87. [PMID: 23349490 PMCID: PMC3661639 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling contributes to vascular dysfunction in T2D. We treated type 2 diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and control (db(-)/db(+)) mice with two NF-κB inhibitors (6 mg/kg dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin twice a week and 500 μg/kg/day IKK-NBD peptide) for 4 weeks. Pressure-induced myogenic tone was significantly potentiated, while endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was impaired in small coronary arterioles and mesenteric resistance artery from diabetic mice compared with controls. Interestingly, diabetic mice treated with NF-κB inhibitors had significantly reduced myogenic tone potentiation and improved EDR. Importantly, vascular function was also rescued in db(-)/db(-p50NF-κB-/-) and db(-)/db(-PARP-1-/-) double knockout mice compared with db(-)/db(-) mice. Additionally, the acute in vitro downregulation of NF-κB-p65 using p65NF-κB short hairpin RNA lentivirus in arteries from db(-)/db(-) mice also improved vascular function. The NF-κB inhibition did not affect blood glucose level or body weight. The RNA levels for Sp-1 and eNOS phosphorylation were decreased, while p65NF-κB phosphorylation, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression were increased in arteries from diabetic mice, which were restored after NF-κB inhibition and in db(-)/db(-p50NF-κB-/-) and db(-)/db(-PARP-1-/-) mice. In the current study, we provided evidence that enhanced NF-κB activity impairs vascular function by PARP-1-, Sp-1-, and COX-2-dependent mechanisms in male type 2 diabetic mice. Therefore, NF-κB could be a potential target to overcome diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Maria Galán
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexander Bishop
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Souad Belmadani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
- Corresponding author: Khalid Matrougui, , or Souad Belmadani,
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
- Corresponding author: Khalid Matrougui, , or Souad Belmadani,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gordillo-Moscoso A, Ruiz E, Carnero M, Reguillo F, Rodriguez E, Tejerina T, Redondo S. Relationship between serum levels of triglycerides and vascular inflammation, measured as COX-2, in arteries from diabetic patients: a translational study. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:62. [PMID: 23642086 PMCID: PMC3667010 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a common feature in the majority of cardiovascular disease, including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Levels of pro-inflammatory markers have been found in increasing levels in serum from diabetic patients (DP). Moreover, levels of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are increased in coronary arteries from DP. Methods Through a cross-sectional design, patients who underwent CABG were recruited. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were cultured and COX-2 was measured by western blot. Biochemical and clinical data were collected from the medical record and by blood testing. COX-2 expression was analyzed in internal mammary artery cross-sections by confocal microscopy. Eventually, PGI2 and PGE2 were assessed from VSMC conditioned media by ELISA. Results Only a high glucose concentration, but a physiological concentration of triglycerides exposure of cultured human VSMC derived from non-diabetic patients increased COX-2 expression .Diabetic patients showed increasing serum levels of glucose, Hb1ac and triglycerides. The bivariate analysis of the variables showed that triglycerides was positively correlated with the expression of COX-2 in internal mammary arteries from patients (r2 = 0.214, P < 0.04). Conclusions We conclude that is not the glucose blood levels but the triglicerydes leves what increases the expression of COX-2 in arteries from DP.
Collapse
|
39
|
Miao F, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Gao H, Wu X, Natarajan R. RNA-sequencing analysis of high glucose-treated monocytes reveals novel transcriptome signatures and associated epigenetic profiles. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:287-99. [PMID: 23386205 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00001.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed high throughput transcriptomic profiling with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to uncover network responses in human THP-1 monocytes treated with high glucose (HG). Our data analyses revealed that interferon (IFN) signaling, pattern recognition receptors, and activated interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) were enriched among the HG-upregulated genes. Motif analysis identified an HG-responsive IRF-mediated network in which interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were enriched. Notably, this network showed strong overlap with a recently discovered IRF7-driven network relevant to Type 1 diabetes. We next examined if the HG-regulated genes possessed any characteristic chromatin features in the basal state by profiling 15 active and repressive chromatin marks under normal glucose conditions using chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to promoter microarrays. Composite profiles revealed higher histone H3 lysine-9-acetylation levels around the promoters of HG-upregulated genes compared with all RefSeq promoters. Interestingly, within the HG-upregulated genes, active chromatin marks were enriched not only at high CpG content promoters, but surprisingly also at low CpG content promoters. Similar results were obtained with peripheral blood monocytes exposed to HG. These new results reveal a novel mechanism by which HG can exercise IFN-α-like effects in monocytes by upregulating a set of ISGs poised for activation with multiple chromatin marks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Miao
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Johnson AR, Milner JJ, Makowski L. The inflammation highway: metabolism accelerates inflammatory traffic in obesity. Immunol Rev 2013; 249:218-38. [PMID: 22889225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As humans evolved, perhaps the two strongest selection determinants of survival were a robust immune response able to clear bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection and an ability to efficiently store nutrients to survive times when food sources were scarce. These traits are not mutually exclusive. It is now apparent that critical proteins necessary for regulating energy metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Toll-like receptors, and fatty acid-binding proteins, also act as links between nutrient metabolism and inflammatory pathway activation in immune cells. Obesity in humans is a symptom of energy imbalance: the scale has been tipped such that energy intake exceeds energy output and may be a result, in part, of evolutionary selection toward a phenotype characterized by efficient energy storage. As discussed in this review, obesity is a state of low-grade, chronic inflammation that promotes the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Ironically, the formation of systemic and/or local, tissue-specific insulin resistance upon inflammatory cell activation may actually be a protective mechanism that co-evolved to repartition energy sources within the body during times of stress during infection. However, the point has been reached where a once beneficial adaptive trait has become detrimental to the health of the individual and an immense public health and economic burden. This article reviews the complex relationship between obesity, insulin resistance/diabetes, and inflammation, and although the liver, brain, pancreas, muscle, and other tissues are relevant, we focus specifically on how the obese adipose microenvironment can promote immune cell influx and sustain damaging inflammation that can lead to the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes. Finally, we address how substrate metabolism may regulate the immune response and discuss how fuel uptake and metabolism may be a targetable approach to limit or abrogate obesity-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
González-Ortiz M, Pascoe-González S, Esperanzamartínez-Abundis, Kam-Ramos AM, Hernández-Salazar E. Effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, on insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and metabolic profile in overweight or obese subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 3:95-101. [PMID: 18370716 DOI: 10.1089/met.2005.3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase- 2-specific inhibitor, on insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and metabolic profile in overweight or obese subjects. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out on 12 overweight or obese (body mass index, 25-35 kg/m(2)) male volunteers. Six subjects received celecoxib 200 mg orally in the morning for a period of 4 weeks. Six other individuals took a placebo for the same period of time, as the control group. Before and after the 4-week study period, insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, homocysteine levels, and metabolic profile were estimated. To assess insulin sensitivity, the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was performed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the basal measurements between both groups. C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and metabolic profile were not modified by the pharmacologic intervention with placebo or celecoxib. The insulin sensitivity after celecoxib was significantly higher compared with the basal estimation (3.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.8 +/- 1.2 mg/kg/min; p = 0.028). The placebo did not modify the insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The specific inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 by celecoxib increased the insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese subjects, without modification in C-reactive protein, homocysteine levels, and metabolic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Ortiz
- Medical Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, West National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Regular physical exercise as a strategy to improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status: benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:741545. [PMID: 22928086 PMCID: PMC3425959 DOI: 10.1155/2012/741545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years the combination of both a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food availability has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity and aggravation of rates of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several lines of scientific evidence have been demonstrating that a low level of physical activity and decreased daily energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of visceral fat and, consequently, the activation of the oxidative stress/inflammation cascade, which underlies the development of insulin resistant T2DM and evolution of micro, and macrovascular complications. This paper focuses on the pathophysiological pathways associated with the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of T2DM and the impact of regular physical exercise (training) as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategy to prevent evolution of T2DM and its serious complications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kang MK, Li J, Kim JL, Gong JH, Kwak SN, Park JHY, Lee JY, Lim SS, Kang YH. Purple corn anthocyanins inhibit diabetes-associated glomerular monocyte activation and macrophage infiltration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1060-9. [PMID: 22791342 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00106.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major diabetic complications and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. In early DN, renal injury and macrophage accumulation take place in the pathological environment of glomerular vessels adjacent to renal mesangial cells expressing proinflammatory mediators. Purple corn utilized as a daily food is rich in anthocyanins exerting disease-preventive activities as a functional food. This study elucidated whether anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCA) could suppress monocyte activation and macrophage infiltration. In the in vitro study, human endothelial cells and THP-1 monocytes were cultured in conditioned media of human mesangial cells exposed to 33 mM glucose (HG-HRMC). PCA decreased the HG-HRMC-conditioned, media-induced expression of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and monocyte integrins-β1 and -β2 through blocking the mesangial Tyk2 pathway. In the in vivo animal study, db/db mice were treated with 10 mg/kg PCA daily for 8 wk. PCA attenuated CXCR2 induction and the activation of Tyk2 and STAT1/3 in db/db mice. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that PCA alleviated mesangial expansion-elicited renal injury in diabetic kidneys. In glomeruli, PCA attenuated the induction of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and CD11b. PCA diminished monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 transcription in the diabetic kidney, inhibiting the induction of the macrophage markers CD68 and F4/80. These results demonstrate that PCA antagonized the infiltration and accumulation of macrophages in diabetic kidneys through disturbing the mesangial IL-8-Tyk-STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, PCA may be a potential renoprotective agent treating diabetes-associated glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Hallym Univ., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hua KF, Wang SH, Dong WC, Lin CY, Ho CL, Wu TH. High glucose increases nitric oxide generation in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by enhancing activity of protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1107-16. [PMID: 22706318 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several mechanisms by which hyperglycemia modulate inflammation have been proposed, it remains unclear how hyperglycemia regulates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS We hypothesized that hyperglycemia might interplay with LPS to modulate the generation of an inflammatory mediator. RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured in medium containing either normal glucose (5.5-mM) or high glucose (HG) (15- and 25-mM) were treated with LPS. The nitric oxide (NO) generation, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and cytokine release were then quantified by Griess reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. The effect of HG on the activation of kinase and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) were measured by western blot and NF-κB reporter assay respectively. RESULTS Without LPS stimulation, HG alone did not induce NO generation and cytokine secretion; but LPS-induced NO generation, iNOS expression, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) secretion were higher in HG-cultured cells than in normal glucose-cultured cells. In contrast, LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion were lower in HG-cultured cells than in normal glucose-cultured cells. Furthermore, HG increased iNOS expression and NO generation by enhancing phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α), protein kinase C-delta (PKC-δ), and p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a possible role of PKC-α and PKC-δ potentially involved in diabetes-promoted inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Diabetes promotes an inflammatory macrophage phenotype and atherosclerosis through acyl-CoA synthetase 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E715-24. [PMID: 22308341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111600109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that promote an inflammatory environment and accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes are poorly understood. We show that macrophages isolated from two different mouse models of type 1 diabetes exhibit an inflammatory phenotype. This inflammatory phenotype associates with increased expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), an enzyme that catalyzes the thioesterification of fatty acids. Monocytes from humans and mice with type 1 diabetes also exhibit increased ACSL1. Furthermore, myeloid-selective deletion of ACSL1 protects monocytes and macrophages from the inflammatory effects of diabetes. Strikingly, myeloid-selective deletion of ACSL1 also prevents accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic mice without affecting lesions in nondiabetic mice. Our observations indicate that ACSL1 plays a critical role by promoting the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages associated with type 1 diabetes; they also raise the possibilities that diabetic atherosclerosis has an etiology that is, at least in part, distinct from the etiology of nondiabetic vascular disease and that this difference is because of increased monocyte and macrophage ACSL1 expression.
Collapse
|
46
|
Minimizing the cancer-promotional activity of cox-2 as a central strategy in cancer prevention. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
47
|
Kushwaha S, Jena GB. Enalapril reduces germ cell toxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat: investigation on possible mechanisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:111-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
48
|
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in diabetic patients. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:941868. [PMID: 22007193 PMCID: PMC3191828 DOI: 10.1155/2012/941868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. The key roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the progression of vascular complications of this disease are well recognized. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence confirms that physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance and type II diabetes. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiological pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus and then discusses the impact of exercise on these systems. In this regard, we discuss exercise induced activation of cellular antioxidant systems through “nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.” We also discuss anti-inflammatory myokines, which are produced and released by contracting muscle fibers. Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and chaperon effects of exercise-induced heat shock proteins are also reviewed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Luo P, Wang MH. Eicosanoids, β-cell function, and diabetes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:1-10. [PMID: 21757024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into eicosanoids, which are involved in diverse diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During the last 30 years, evidence has been accumulated that suggests important functions for eicosanoids in the control of pancreatic β-cell function and destruction. AA metabolites of the COX pathway, especially prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), appear to be significant factors to β-cell dysfunction and destruction, participating in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Several elegant studies have contributed to the sorting out of the importance of 12-LOX eicosanoids in cytokine-mediated inflammation in pancreatic β cells. The role of CYP eicosanoids in diabetes is yet to be explored. A recent publication has demonstrated that stabilizing the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), CYP eicosanoids, by inhibiting or deleting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) improves β-cell function and reduces β-cell apoptosis in diabetes. In this review we summarize recent findings implicating these eicosanoid pathways in diabetes and its complications. We also discuss the development of animal models with targeted gene deletion and specific enzymatic inhibitors in each pathway to identify potential targets for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Takeda Y, Marumo M, Wakabayashi I. Attenuated phagocytic activity of monocytes in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1094-102. [PMID: 21652107 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether phagocytic activity of leukocytes is altered in type 2 diabetes. Goto-Kakizaki (G-K) rats, a genetic model for type 2 diabetes, and Wistar rats (control) were used to analyze the immunological status of phagocytes. Direct analysis of phagocytes was performed using peripheral whole blood. Phagocytic activity of monocytes induced by Escherichia coli BioParticles was significantly lower in G-K rats than in the control rats, whereas no significant differences in phagocytic activity of granulocytes and lymphocytes were found between G-K and control rats. Monocytes of G-K rats showed significantly lower CD11b/c expression compared with that in monocytes of control rats. However, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-κB in monocytes was not significantly different between G-K and control rats. Restriction of diet in G-K rats greatly improved their hyperglycemic status, but did not restore the levels of phagocytic activity and CD11b/c expression in monocytes of G-K rats to the levels observed in control rats. The results suggest that the phagocytic activity of monocytes is attenuated in G-K rats and that this attenuation is independent of blood glucose levels and is partly explained by a decrease in CD11b/c expression in G-K rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takeda
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|