1
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Phosphorylation-dependent proteome of Marcks in ependyma during aging and behavioral homeostasis in the mouse forebrain. GeroScience 2022; 44:2077-2094. [DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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2
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O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Park JA. Bronchoconstriction: a potential missing link in airway remodelling. Open Biol 2020; 10:200254. [PMID: 33259745 PMCID: PMC7776576 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In asthma, progressive structural changes of the airway wall are collectively termed airway remodelling. Despite its deleterious effect on lung function, airway remodelling is incompletely understood. As one of the important causes leading to airway remodelling, here we discuss the significance of mechanical forces that are produced in the narrowed airway during asthma exacerbation, as a driving force of airway remodelling. We cover in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo work in this field, and discuss up-to-date literature supporting the idea that bronchoconstriction may be the missing link in a comprehensive understanding of airway remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Sheats MK, Yin Q, Fang S, Park J, Crews AL, Parikh I, Dickson B, Adler KB. MARCKS and Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:16-27. [PMID: 30339463 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0285tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) is a prominent PKC substrate expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is known to bind to and cross-link actin filaments, to serve as a bridge between Ca2+/calmodulin and PKC signaling, and to sequester the signaling molecule phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the plasma membrane. Since the mid-1980s, this evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein has been associated with regulating cellular events that require dynamic actin reorganization, including cellular adhesion, migration, and exocytosis. More recently, translational studies have implicated MARCKS in the pathophysiology of a number of airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. This article summarizes the structure and cellular function of MARCKS (also including MARCKS family proteins and MARCKSL1 [MARCKS-like protein 1]). Evidence for MARCKS's role in several lung diseases is discussed, as are the technological innovations that took MARCKS-targeting strategies from theoretical to therapeutic. Descriptions and updates derived from ongoing clinical trials that are investigating inhalation of a MARCKS-targeting peptide as therapy for patients with chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, and ARDS are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Yin
- 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina; and
| | - Shijing Fang
- 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina; and
| | - Joungjoa Park
- 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina; and
| | - Anne L Crews
- 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina; and
| | - Indu Parikh
- 3 BioMarck Pharmaceuticals, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Kenneth B Adler
- 2 Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina; and
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4
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Yang DC, Li JM, Xu J, Oldham J, Phan SH, Last JA, Wu R, Chen CH. Tackling MARCKS-PIP3 circuit attenuates fibroblast activation and fibrosis progression. FASEB J 2019; 33:14354-14369. [PMID: 31661644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting activated fibroblasts, including myofibroblast differentiation, has emerged as a key therapeutic strategy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is no available therapy capable of selectively eradicating myofibroblasts or limiting their genesis. Through an integrative analysis of the regulator genes that are responsible for the activation of IPF fibroblasts, we noticed the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-binding protein, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), as a potential target molecule for IPF. Herein, we have employed a 25-mer novel peptide, MARCKS phosphorylation site domain sequence (MPS), to determine if MARCKS inhibition reduces pulmonary fibrosis through the inactivation of PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in fibroblast cells. We first observed that higher levels of MARCKS phosphorylation and the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were notably overexpressed in all tested IPF lung tissues and fibroblast cells. Treatment with the MPS peptide suppressed levels of MARCKS phosphorylation in primary IPF fibroblasts. A kinetic assay confirmed that this peptide binds to phospholipids, particularly PIP2, with a dissociation constant of 17.64 nM. As expected, a decrease of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate pools and AKT activity occurred in MPS-treated IPF fibroblast cells. MPS peptide was demonstrated to impair cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in multiple IPF fibroblast cells in vitro as well as to reduce pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that MPS peptide decreases α-SMA expression and synergistically interacts with nintedanib treatment in IPF fibroblasts. Our data suggest MARCKS as a druggable target in pulmonary fibrosis and also provide a promising antifibrotic agent that may lead to effective IPF treatments.-Yang, D. C., Li, J.-M., Xu, J., Oldham, J., Phan, S. H., Last, J. A., Wu, R., Chen, C.-H. Tackling MARCKS-PIP3 circuit attenuates fibroblast activation and fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jihao Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Justin Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sem H Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jerold A Last
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Reen Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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5
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Ye D, Wang X, Wei C, He M, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Sun Y. Marcksb plays a key role in the secretory pathway of zebrafish Bmp2b. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008306. [PMID: 31545789 PMCID: PMC6776368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate early embryogenesis, the ventral development is directed by the ventral-to-dorsal activity gradient of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. As secreted ligands, the extracellular traffic of BMP has been extensively studied. However, it remains poorly understood that how BMP ligands are secreted from BMP-producing cells. In this work, we show the dominant role of Marcksb controlling the secretory process of Bmp2b via interaction with Hsp70 in vivo. We firstly carefully characterized the role of Marcksb in promoting BMP signaling during dorsoventral axis formation through knockdown approach. We then showed that Marcksb cell autonomously regulates the trafficking of Bmp2b from producing cell to the extracellular space and both the total and the extracellular Bmp2b was decreased in Marcksb-deficient embryos. However, neither the zygotic mutant of marcksb (Zmarcksb) nor the maternal zygotic mutant of marcksb (MZmarcksb) showed any defects of dorsalization. In contrast, the MZmarcksb embryos even showed increased BMP signaling activity as measured by expression of BMP targets, phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 levels and imaging of Bmp2b, suggesting that a phenomenon of “genetic over-compensation” arose. Finally, we revealed that the over-compensation effects of BMP signaling in MZmarcksb was achieved through a sequential up-regulation of MARCKS-family members Marcksa, Marcksl1a and Marcksl1b, and MARCKS-interacting protein Hsp70.3. We concluded that the Marcksb modulates BMP signaling through regulating the secretory pathway of Bmp2b. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are extracellular proteins which belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP signaling is essential for embryonic development, organogenesis, and tissue regeneration and homeostasis, and tightly linked to various diseases and tumorigenesis. However, as secreted proteins, how BMPs are transported and secreted from BMP-producing cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that Marcksb interacts with a molecular chaperon–Hsp70.3 to mediate the secretory pathway of BMP ligands during early development of zebrafish. Moreover, we discovered a novel phenomenon of “genetic over-compensation” in the genetic knock-out mutants of marcksb. To our knowledge, this is the first report that reveals the molecules and their related trafficking system mediating the secretion of BMPs. Considering the wide distribution of BMP and MARCKS within the human body, our work may shed light on the studies of BMPs secretion in organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. The finding of MARCKS in controlling BMP secretion may provide potential therapeutic targets for modulating the activity of BMP signaling and thus will be of interest to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Cantero-Recasens G, Butnaru CM, Brouwers N, Mitrovic S, Valverde MA, Malhotra V. Sodium channel TRPM4 and sodium/calcium exchangers (NCX) cooperate in the control of Ca 2+-induced mucin secretion from goblet cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:816-826. [PMID: 30482841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated mucin secretion is essential for the formation of the mucus layer that protects the underlying epithelial cells from foreign particles. Alterations in the quantity or quality of secreted mucins are therefore detrimental to airway and colon physiology. Based on various biochemical assays in several human cell lines, we report here that Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 2 (NCX2) works in conjunction with transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4), and perhaps TRPM5, Na+ channels to control Ca2+-mediated secretion of both mucin 2 (MUC2) and MUC5AC from HT29-18N2 colonic cancer cells. Differentiated normal bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and tracheal cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CFT1-LC3) expressed only TRPM4 and all three isoforms of NCXs. Blocking the activity of TRPM4 or NCX proteins abrogated MUC5AC secretion from NHBE and CFT1-LC3 cells. Altogether, our findings reveal that NCX and TRPM4/TRPM5 are both required for mucin secretion. We therefore propose that these two proteins could be potential pharmacological targets to control mucus-related pathologies such as cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Cantero-Recasens
- From the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian M Butnaru
- From the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Brouwers
- From the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Mitrovic
- the University Hospital of Basel, Clinical Chemistry, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- From the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, .,the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Li G, Yang S, Shen P, Wu B, Sun T, Sun H, Ji F, Zhou D. SCF/c-KIT signaling promotes mucus secretion of colonic goblet cells and development of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1064-1073. [PMID: 30034943 PMCID: PMC6048403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) is characterized by a great mount of extracellular mucus fundamentally composed of Mucin2 (MUC2) which is significantly correlated with the high malignancy and strong invasive ability of MCA. However, rare is known about the underlying mechanism of the mucus accumulation in MCA. Our latest study demonstrated that SCF/c-KIT signaling was highly activated in MCA patients and mouse model, which up-regulated MUC2 transcription. In the present study, we paid a special interest in whether and how SCF/c-KIT signaling promoted mucus secretion by using wild-type (WT) C57BL mice and their littermates who harbor mutational c-kit gene (Wadsm/m), clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) samples, as well as human CRC cell lines. Our results clearly showed that the inner mucus layer of colon was thinner and the intracellular mucin residual was more in Wadsm/m mice than those in WT mice by Alcian blue and PAS staining, suggesting that the mucus secretion process was crippled when SCF/c-KIT signaling was hypo-activated. Inhibiting SCF/c-KIT signaling by Imatinib also resulted in weakened mucus secretion in WT mice. Intraperitoneal administration of MANS which competitively inhibits the activity of the vesicular transport protein MARCKS efficiently reduced mucus secretion in colonic goblet cells of WT mice. Significantly, phosphorylated MARCKS (p-MARCKS) was overtly decreased in colonic mucosa of Wadsm/m mice compared with WT mice, indicating that SCF/c-KIT signaling-regulated mucus secretion was probably mediated by MARCKS activation. Similar results were obtained in MCA patients and mouse model. Moreover, SCF/c-KIT signaling was activated or inhibited in HT-29 and LS174T CRC cells, which potently increased or decreased MARCKS activity, respectively. Finally, we found that PKCδ, a known kinase for MARCKS, was activated in WT and MCA mice along with MARCKS. Inhibition or activation of SCF/c-KIT signaling resulted in decreased or increased PKCδ activity respectively in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SCF/c-KIT signaling can promote the mucus secretion by activating PKCδ-MARCKS, which provided a new insight into understanding the mechanism of mucus secretion of goblet cells and MCA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ping Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchBeijing 100069, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, P. R. China
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8
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Fong LWR, Yang DC, Chen CH. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS): a multirole signaling protein in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:737-747. [PMID: 29039083 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), a major substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), in a critical role for cancer development and progression. MARCKS is tethered to the plasma membrane but can shuttle between the cytosol and plasma membrane via the myristoyl-electrostatic switch. Phosphorylation of MARCKS by PKC leads to its translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol where it functions in actin cytoskeletal remodeling, Ca2+ signaling through binding to calmodulin, and regulation of exocytic vesicle release in secretory cells such as neurons and airway goblet cells. Although the contribution of MARCKS to various cellular processes has been extensively studied, its roles in neoplastic disease have been conflicting. This review highlights the molecular and functional differences of MARCKS that exist between normal and tumor cells. We also discuss the recent advances in the potential roles of MARCKS in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies, with a focus on addressing the inconsistent results regarding the function of MARCKS as a promoter or inhibitor of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon Wolf R Fong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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9
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Elevated MARCKS phosphorylation contributes to unresponsiveness of breast cancer to paclitaxel treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15194-208. [PMID: 26015406 PMCID: PMC4558145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is critical for regulating multiple pathophysiological processes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying increased phosphorylation of MARCKS at Ser159/163 (phospho-MARCKS) and its functional consequence in neoplastic disease remain to be established. Herein, we investigated how phospho-MARCKS is regulated in breast carcinoma, and its role in the context of chemotherapy. In a screen of patients with breast tumors, we find that the abundance of phospho-MARCKS, not MARCKS protein per se, increased in breast cancers and positively correlated with tumor grade and metastatic status. Among chemotherapeutic agents, mitotic inhibitors, including paclitaxel, vincristine or eribulin, notably promoted phospho-MARCKS accumulation in multiple breast cancer cells. We further show that phospho-MARCKS acted upstream of Src activation upon paclitaxel exposure. Reduction of phospho-MARCKS by knockdown of MARCKS or pharmacological agents increased paclitaxel sensitivity. Particularly, a known phospho-MARCKS inhibitor, MANS peptide, was demonstrated to increase paclitaxel efficacy and attenuate angiogenesis/metastasis of xenografted breast cancer cells by decreasing abundance of phospho-MARCKS and messages of inflammatory mediators. Our data suggest that unresponsiveness of breast cancer to paclitaxel treatment is, at least in part, mediated by phospho-MARCKS and also provide an alternative therapeutic strategy against breast cancer by improving taxanes sensitivity.
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10
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Satoh K, Narita T, Katsumata-Kato O, Sugiya H, Seo Y. Involvement of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylation and translocation in cholecystokinin-induced amylase release in rat pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G399-409. [PMID: 26744470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00198.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal hormone that induces exocytotic amylase release in pancreatic acinar cells. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the CCK-induced pancreatic amylase release. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a ubiquitously expressed substrate of PKC. MARCKS has been implicated in membrane trafficking in several cell types. The phosphorylation of MARCKS by PKC results in the translocation of MARCKS from the membrane to the cytosol. Here, we studied the involvement of MARCKS in the CCK-induced amylase release in rat pancreatic acini. Employing Western blotting, we detected MARCKS protein in the rat pancreatic acini. CCK induced MARCKS phosphorylation. A PKC-δ inhibitor, rottlerin, inhibited the CCK-induced MARCKS phosphorylation and amylase release. In the translocation assay, we also observed CCK-induced PKC-δ activation. An immunohistochemistry study showed that CCK induced MARCKS translocation from the membrane to the cytosol. When acini were lysed by a detergent, Triton X-100, CCK partially induced displacement of the MARCKS from the GM1a-rich detergent-resistant membrane fractions (DRMs) in which Syntaxin2 is distributed. A MARCKS-related peptide inhibited the CCK-induced amylase release. These findings suggest that MARCKS phosphorylation by PKC-δ and then MARCKS translocation from the GM1a-rich DRMs to the cytosol are involved in the CCK-induced amylase release in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Satoh
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Takanori Narita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsumata-Kato
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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11
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In Vitro Neutrophil Migration Requires Protein Kinase C-Delta (δ-PKC)-Mediated Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Phosphorylation. Inflammation 2016; 38:1126-41. [PMID: 25515270 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated release of neutrophil reactive oxygen species and proteolytic enzymes contributes to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, molecular regulators of these processes are potential targets for new anti-inflammatory therapies. We have shown previously that myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), a well-known actin binding protein and protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, is a key regulator of neutrophil functions. In the current study, we investigate the role of PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation in neutrophil migration and adhesion in vitro. We report that treatment of human neutrophils with the δ-PKC inhibitor rottlerin significantly attenuates f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF)-induced MARCKS phosphorylation (IC50=5.709 μM), adhesion (IC50=8.4 μM), and migration (IC50=6.7 μM), while α-, β-, and ζ-PKC inhibitors had no significant effect. We conclude that δ-PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation is essential for human neutrophil migration and adhesion in vitro. These results implicate δ-PKC-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation as a key step in the inflammatory response of neutrophils.
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12
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Muthusamy N, Sommerville LJ, Moeser AJ, Stumpo DJ, Sannes P, Adler K, Blackshear PJ, Weimer JM, Ghashghaei HT. MARCKS-dependent mucin clearance and lipid metabolism in ependymal cells are required for maintenance of forebrain homeostasis during aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:764-73. [PMID: 26010231 PMCID: PMC4568964 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells (ECs) form a barrier responsible for selective movement of fluids and molecules between the cerebrospinal fluid and the central nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic and barrier functions in ECs decline significantly during aging in mice. The longevity of these functions in part requires the expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS). Both the expression levels and subcellular localization of MARCKS in ECs are markedly transformed during aging. Conditional deletion of MARCKS in ECs induces intracellular accumulation of mucins, elevated oxidative stress, and lipid droplet buildup. These alterations are concomitant with precocious disruption of ependymal barrier function, which results in the elevation of reactive astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages in the interstitial brain tissue of young mutant mice. Interestingly, similar alterations are observed during normal aging in ECs and the forebrain interstitium. Our findings constitute a conceptually new paradigm in the potential role of ECs in the initiation of various conditions and diseases in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Muthusamy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Laura J. Sommerville
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Adam J. Moeser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Deborah J. Stumpo
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709 USA
| | - Philip Sannes
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Kenneth Adler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709 USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Sanford Research Children's Health Research and Department of Pediatric University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux Falls SD 57104 USA
| | - H. Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Program in Genetics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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13
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Reddy SP, Natarajan V, Dudek AZ. MARCKS is marked in combating lung cancer growth and acquired resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1084-6. [PMID: 25398105 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1922ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar P Reddy
- 1 Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois
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Chen CH, Statt S, Chiu CL, Thai P, Arif M, Adler KB, Wu R. Targeting myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylation site domain in lung cancer. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1127-38. [PMID: 25318062 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1505oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (phospho-MARCKS) at the phosphorylation site domain (PSD) is crucial for mucus granule secretion and cell motility, but little is known concerning its function in lung cancer. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine if MARCKS PSD activity can serve as a therapeutic target and to elucidate the molecular basis of this potential. METHODS The clinical relevance of phospho-MARCKS was first confirmed. Next, we used genetic approaches to verify the functionality and molecular mechanism of phospho-MARCKS. Finally, cancer cells were pharmacologically inhibited for MARCKS activity and subjected to functional bioassays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrated that higher phospho-MARCKS levels were correlated with shorter overall survival of lung cancer patients. Using shRNA silencing and ectopic expression of wild-type and PSD-mutated (S159/163A) MARCKS, we showed that elevated phospho-MARCKS promoted cancer growth and erlotinib resistance. Further studies demonstrated an interaction of phosphoinositide 3-kinase with MARCKS, but not with phospho-MARCKS. Interestingly, phospho-MARCKS acted in parallel with increased phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate pools and AKT activation in cells. Through treatment with a 25-mer peptide targeting the MARCKS PSD motif (MPS peptide), we were able to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, and reduced levels of phospho-MARCKS, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate, and AKT activity. This peptide also enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to erlotinib treatment, especially those with sustained activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a key role for MARCKS PSD in cancer disease and provide a unique strategy for inhibiting the activity of MARCKS PSD as a treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsien Chen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; and
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15
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Yang L, Yan Y. Protein kinases are potential targets to treat inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014; 5:209-217. [PMID: 25374761 PMCID: PMC4218950 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the two main forms of which are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In this article, we will review the mechanisms of involvement of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of and intervention against IBD, in terms of their effects on genetics, microbiota, mucous layer and tight junction, and the potential of protein kinases as therapeutic targets against IBD.
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Czikora I, Alli A, Bao HF, Kaftan D, Sridhar S, Apell HJ, Gorshkov B, White R, Zimmermann A, Wendel A, Pauly-Evers M, Hamacher J, Garcia-Gabay I, Fischer B, Verin A, Bagi Z, Pittet JF, Shabbir W, Lemmens-Gruber R, Chakraborty T, Lazrak A, Matthay MA, Eaton DC, Lucas R. A novel tumor necrosis factor-mediated mechanism of direct epithelial sodium channel activation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:522-32. [PMID: 25029038 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201405-0833oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Alveolar liquid clearance is regulated by Na(+) uptake through the apically expressed epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and basolaterally localized Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Dysfunction of these Na(+) transporters during pulmonary inflammation can contribute to pulmonary edema. OBJECTIVES In this study, we sought to determine the precise mechanism by which the TIP peptide, mimicking the lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), stimulates Na(+) uptake in a homologous cell system in the presence or absence of the bacterial toxin pneumolysin (PLY). METHODS We used a combined biochemical, electrophysiological, and molecular biological in vitro approach and assessed the physiological relevance of the lectin-like domain of TNF in alveolar liquid clearance in vivo by generating triple-mutant TNF knock-in mice that express a mutant TNF with deficient Na(+) uptake stimulatory activity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS TIP peptide directly activates ENaC, but not the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, upon binding to the carboxy-terminal domain of the α subunit of the channel. In the presence of PLY, a mediator of pneumococcal-induced pulmonary edema, this binding stabilizes the ENaC-PIP2-MARCKS complex, which is necessary for the open probability conformation of the channel and preserves ENaC-α protein expression, by means of blunting the protein kinase C-α pathway. Triple-mutant TNF knock-in mice are more prone than wild-type mice to develop edema with low-dose intratracheal PLY, correlating with reduced pulmonary ENaC-α subunit expression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel TNF-mediated mechanism of direct ENaC activation and indicate a physiological role for the lectin-like domain of TNF in the resolution of alveolar edema during inflammation.
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17
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Eaton AF, Yue Q, Eaton DC, Bao HF. ENaC activity and expression is decreased in the lungs of protein kinase C-α knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L374-85. [PMID: 25015976 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a PKC-α knockout model to investigate the regulation of alveolar epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC) by PKC. Primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells were subjected to cell-attached patch clamp. In the absence of PKC-α, the open probability (Po) of ENaC was decreased by half compared with wild-type mice. The channel density (N) was also reduced in the knockout mice. Using in vivo biotinylation, membrane localization of all three ENaC subunits (α, β, and γ) was decreased in the PKC-α knockout lung, compared with the wild-type. Confocal microscopy of lung slices showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lungs of the PKC-α knockout mice vs. the wild-type. High levels of ROS in the knockout lung can be explained by a decrease in both cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. Elevated levels of ROS in the knockout lung activates PKC-δ and leads to reduced dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MAP kinase phosphatase, which in turn causes increased internalization of ENaC via ubiquitination by the ubiquitin-ligase Nedd4-2. In addition, in the knockout lung, PKC-δ activates ERK, causing a decrease in ENaC density at the apical alveolar membrane. PKC-δ also phosphorylates MARCKS, leading to a decrease in ENaC Po. The effects of ROS and PKC-δ were confirmed with patch-clamp experiments on isolated ATII cells in which the ROS scavenger, Tempol, or a PKC-δ-specific inhibitor added to patches reversed the observed decrease in ENaC apical channel density and Po. These results explain the decrease in ENaC activity in PKC-α knockout lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity F Eaton
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hui-Fang Bao
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Xu R, Li Q, Zhou X, Perelman JM, Kolosov VP. Annexin II mediates the neutrophil elastase-stimulated exocytosis of mucin 5ac. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:299-304. [PMID: 24247640 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression and hypersecretion of mucus is a hallmark of several chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis. Mucin 5ac (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Annexin II (ANXII) has been reported to be expressed in various cells and is associated with the fusion of secretory vesicles. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is present at high concentrations in the airway surface fluid in patients with cystic fibrosis and various other severe diseases. However, the role of ANXII in NE-induced secretion of MUC5AC granules remains unclear. It was determined that NE upregulates the transcription and protein synthesis of ANXII in 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells. Following stimulation with NE, ANXII is recruited to the cell membrane, as visualised by cell immunochemistry and laser confocal microscopy, and the redistribution of ANXII is inhibited by the protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. Conversely, depleting endogenous ANXII decreases MUC5AC secretion into the cell culture supernatant and increases the levels of intracellular MUC5AC protein. The data indicated that ANXII is associated with the secretion of MUC5AC granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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19
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Adler KB, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF. Regulated mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:129. [PMID: 24065956 PMCID: PMC3776272 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory epithelial cells of the proximal airways synthesize and secrete gel-forming polymeric mucins. The secreted mucins adsorb water to form mucus that is propelled by neighboring ciliated cells, providing a mobile barrier which removes inhaled particles and pathogens from the lungs. Several features of the intracellular trafficking of mucins make the airway secretory cell an interesting comparator for the cell biology of regulated exocytosis. Polymeric mucins are exceedingly large molecules (up to 3 × 10(6) Da per monomer) whose folding and initial polymerization in the ER requires the protein disulfide isomerase Agr2. In the Golgi, mucins further polymerize to form chains and possibly branched networks comprising more than 20 monomers. The large size of mucin polymers imposes constraints on their packaging into transport vesicles along the secretory pathway. Sugar side chains account for >70% of the mass of mucins, and their attachment to the protein core by O-glycosylation occurs in the Golgi. Mature polymeric mucins are stored in large secretory granules ∼1 μm in diameter. These are translocated to the apical membrane to be positioned for exocytosis by cooperative interactions among myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, cysteine string protein, heat shock protein 70, and the cytoskeleton. Mucin granules undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane at a low basal rate and a high stimulated rate. Both rates are mediated by a regulated exocytic mechanism as indicated by phenotypes in both basal and stimulated secretion in mice lacking Munc13-2, a sensor of the second messengers calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG). Basal secretion is induced by low levels of activation of P2Y2 purinergic and A3 adenosine receptors by extracellular ATP released in paracrine fashion and its metabolite adenosine. Stimulated secretion is induced by high levels of the same ligands, and possibly by inflammatory mediators as well. Activated receptors are coupled to phospholipase C by Gq, resulting in the generation of DAG and of IP3 that releases calcium from apical ER. Stimulated secretion requires activation of the low affinity calcium sensor Synaptotagmin-2, while a corresponding high affinity calcium sensor in basal secretion is not known. The core exocytic machinery is comprised of the SNARE proteins VAMP8, SNAP23, and an unknown Syntaxin protein, together with the scaffolding protein Munc18b. Common and distinct features of this exocytic system in comparison to neuroendocrine cells and neurons are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Adler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael J. Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Burton F. Dickey, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1462, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA e-mail:
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20
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Schonhoff CM, Webster CRL, Anwer MS. Taurolithocholate-induced MRP2 retrieval involves MARCKS phosphorylation by protein kinase Cϵ in HUH-NTCP Cells. Hepatology 2013; 58:284-92. [PMID: 23424156 PMCID: PMC3681903 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Taurolithocholate (TLC) acutely inhibits the biliary excretion of multidrug-resistant associated protein 2 (Mrp2) substrates by inducing Mrp2 retrieval from the canalicular membrane, whereas cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases plasma membrane (PM)-MRP2. The effect of TLC may be mediated via protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ). Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a membrane-bound F-actin crosslinking protein and is phosphorylated by PKCs. MARCKS phosphorylation has been implicated in endocytosis, and the underlying mechanism appears to be the detachment of phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (pMARCKS) from the membrane. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that TLC-induced MRP2 retrieval involves PKCϵ-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation. Studies were conducted in HuH7 cells stably transfected with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (HuH-NTCP cells) and in rat hepatocytes. TLC increased PM-PKCϵ and decreased PM-MRP2 in both HuH-NTCP cells and hepatocytes. cAMP did not affect PM-PKCϵ and increased PM-MRP2 in these cells. In HuH-NTCP cells, dominant-negative (DN) PKCϵ reversed TLC-induced decreases in PM-MRP2 without affecting cAMP-induced increases in PM-MRP2. TLC, but not cAMP, increased MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH-NTCP cells and hepatocytes. TLC and phorbol myristate acetate increased cytosolic pMARCKS and decreased PM-MARCKS in HuH-NTCP cells. TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation in HuH-NTCP cells transfected with DN-PKCϵ, and this suggested PKCϵ-mediated phosphorylation of MARCKS by TLC. In HuH-NTCP cells transfected with phosphorylation-deficient MARCKS, TLC failed to increase MARCKS phosphorylation or decrease PM-MRP2. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that TLC-induced MRP2 retrieval involves TLC-mediated activation of PKCϵ followed by MARCKS phosphorylation and consequent detachment of MARCKS from the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, USA
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21
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Park JA, Sharif AS, Shiomi T, Kobzik L, Kasahara DI, Tschumperlin DJ, Voynow J, Drazen JM. Human neutrophil elastase-mediated goblet cell metaplasia is attenuated in TACE-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L701-7. [PMID: 23564510 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation is associated with chronic airway diseases. It has been observed that human neutrophil elastase (HNE), which is secreted by active neutrophils during inflammation, induces both mucin overproduction and goblet cell metaplasia. Several in vitro studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) regulates the signaling axis that mediates HNE-induced mucin overproduction; however, it is unknown whether TACE performs a similar function in HNE-induced goblet cell metaplasia in vivo. We conducted this study to determine whether the inactivation of Tace gene expression attenuates HNE-induced goblet cell metaplasia in mice. Deletion of Tace is lethal shortly after birth in mice; therefore, we utilized Tace(flox/flox)R26CreER(+/-) mice and induced conditional deletion of Tace using a tamoxifen injection. Wild-type mice were given tamoxifen to control for its effect. Tace conditional deletion mice and wild-type mice were exposed to HNE via nasal instillation three times at 3-day intervals, and the lungs were harvested on day 11 after initial HNE exposure. Using periodic acid-Schiff staining and MUC5AC immunohistochemical staining to visualize goblet cells in the lungs, we found that HNE induced goblet cell metaplasia in the wild-type mice and that HNE-induced goblet cell metaplasia was significantly attenuated in the Tace conditional deletion mice. These findings suggest that TACE could be a potential target in the treatment of goblet cell metaplasia in patients with chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Lampe WR, Park J, Fang S, Crews AL, Adler KB. Calpain and MARCKS protein regulation of airway mucin secretion. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 25:427-31. [PMID: 22710197 PMCID: PMC3486950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of mucin plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein has been shown to play an important role in regulation of airway mucin secretion, as peptides analogous to the amino (N)-terminus of MARCKS attenuate mucin secretion by airway epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated a potential role for the protease Calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease that can cleave MARCKS, in the MARCKS-related secretory mechanism. We theorized that Calpain might cleave MARCKS near the N-terminus, thereby attenuating the ability of MARCKS to bind to membranes and/or creating a small N-terminal peptide that could act as a competitive intracellular inhibitor to remaining endogenous full-length MARCKS molecules. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and the virally-transformed human bronchial epithelial HBE1 cell line were exposed to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) to stimulate the Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway, leading to enhanced mucin secretion, and Calpain activity within the cells was measured with a fluorescent cleavage assay. Calpain activity was increased by PMA, and pretreatment of the cells with Calpain inhibitors reduced both Calpain activity and mucin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, as opposed to the original hypothesis, inactivating Calpain caused a decrease rather than an increase in secretion. HBE1 cells transfected with DNA constructs encoding a MARCKS-YFP fusion protein showed cleavage at a putative site near the N-terminus in response to PMA. Cleavage of MARCKS by Calpain may have an important role in regulation of the PKC/MARCKS pathway regulating airway mucin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Randall Lampe
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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23
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Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induces MUC16 Expression via PKCδ and p38 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 5:161-9. [PMID: 22977714 PMCID: PMC3437418 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2012.5.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is widely used as a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, PKC is involved in the secretion of mucins. MUC16, one of the membrane-bound mucins, is produced in human airway epithelial cells. However, the effect and signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression in human airway epithelial cells has not been reported. Therefore, the effect and brief signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression were investigated in human airway epithelial cells in this study. Methods In the mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Results PMA increased MUC16 expression, and activated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. However, it did not activate phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited PMA-induced MUC16 expression, while U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) did not. In addition, the knockdown of p38 MAPK by p38 MAPK siRNA significantly blocked PMA-induced MUC16 mRNA expression. Rottlerin (PKCδ inhibitor) inhibited PMA-induced MUC16 expression, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of activated p38 MAPK by PMA. Conclusion These results show for the first time that PMA-induced MUC16 expression is regulated by activation of the PKCδ and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
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Mancek-Keber M, Bencina M, Japelj B, Panter G, Andrä J, Brandenburg K, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Jerala R. MARCKS as a negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3893-902. [PMID: 22427633 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an intrinsically unfolded protein with a conserved cationic effector domain, which mediates the cross-talk between several signal transduction pathways. Transcription of MARCKS is increased by stimulation with bacterial LPS. We determined that MARCKS and MARCKS-related protein specifically bind to LPS and that the addition of the MARCKS effector peptide inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-α in mononuclear cells. The LPS binding site within the effector domain of MARCKS was narrowed down to a heptapeptide that binds to LPS in an extended conformation as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. After LPS stimulation, MARCKS moved from the plasma membrane to FYVE-positive endosomes, where it colocalized with LPS. MARCKS-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) responded to LPS with increased IL-6 production compared with the matched wild-type MEFs. Similarly, small interfering RNA knockdown of MARCKS also increased LPS signaling, whereas overexpression of MARCKS inhibited LPS signaling. TLR4 signaling was enhanced by the ablation of MARCKS, which had no effect on stimulation by TLR2, TLR3, and TLR5 agonists. These findings demonstrate that MARCKS contributes to the negative regulation of the cellular response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Mancek-Keber
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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25
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Barbier D, Garcia-Verdugo I, Pothlichet J, Khazen R, Descamps D, Rousseau K, Thornton D, Si-Tahar M, Touqui L, Chignard M, Sallenave JM. Influenza A induces the major secreted airway mucin MUC5AC in a protease-EGFR-extracellular regulated kinase-Sp1-dependent pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:149-57. [PMID: 22383584 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0405oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins, the main glycoproteins present within mucus, modulate the rheologic properties of airways and participate in lung defense. They are thought to be able to trap and eliminate microorganisms from the lung. Among the mucins secreted in the lung, MUC5AC is the most prominent factor secreted by surface epithelial cells. Although much is known about the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of MUC5AC by host factors such as cytokines or proteases, less is known about the pathways triggered by microorganisms and, specifically, by influenza A virus (IAV). We therefore set up experiments to dissect the molecular mechanisms responsible for the potential modulation of MUC5AC by IAV. Using epithelial cells, C57/Bl6 mice, and IAV strains, we measured MUC5AC expression at the RNA and protein levels, specificity protein 1 (Sp1) activation, and protease activity. Intermediate molecular partners were confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors, blocking antibodies, and small interfering (si)RNAs. We showed in vitro and in vivo that IAV up-regulates epithelial cell-derived MUC5AC and Muc5ac expression in mice, both at transcriptional (through the induction of Sp1) and translational levels. In addition, we determined that this induction was dependent on a protease-epithelial growth factor receptor-extracellular regulated kinase-Sp1 signaling cascade, involving in particular the human airway trypsin. Our data point to MUC5AC as a potential modulatory mechanism by which the lung epithelia respond to IAV infection, and we dissect, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the molecular partners involved. Future experiments using MUC5AC-targeted strategies should help further unravel the pathophysiological consequences of IAV-induced MUC5AC expression for lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Barbier
- Unité Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Jono H, Lim JH, Xu H, Li JD. PKCθ synergizes with TLR-dependent TRAF6 signaling pathway to upregulate MUC5AC mucin via CARMA1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31049. [PMID: 22303480 PMCID: PMC3267763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1) plays a crucial role in regulating adaptive immune responses upon T-cell receptor (TCR) activation in T cells. Its role in regulating host mucosal innate immune response such as upregulation of mucin remains unknown. Here we show that CARMA1 acts as a key signaling mediator for synergistic upregulation of MUC5AC mucin by bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and phorbol ester PMA in respiratory epithelial cells. NTHi-induced TLR-dependent TRAF6-MKK3-p38 MAPK signaling pathway synergizes with PKCθ-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. CARMA1 plays a crucial role in mediating this synergistic effect via TRAF6, thereby resulting in synergistic upregulation of MUC5AC mucin. Thus our study unveils a novel role for CARMA1 in mediating host mucosal innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haidong Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jones FC, Chan YF, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Brady SD, Southwick AM, Absher DM, Myers RM, Reimchen TE, Deagle BE, Schluter D, Kingsley DM. A genome-wide SNP genotyping array reveals patterns of global and repeated species-pair divergence in sticklebacks. Curr Biol 2011; 22:83-90. [PMID: 22197244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genes underlying repeated adaptive evolution in natural populations are still largely unknown. Stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have undergone a recent dramatic evolutionary radiation, generating numerous examples of marine-freshwater species pairs and a small number of benthic-limnetic species pairs found within single lakes [1]. We have developed a new genome-wide SNP genotyping array to study patterns of genetic variation in sticklebacks over a wide geographic range, and to scan the genome for regions that contribute to repeated evolution of marine-freshwater or benthic-limnetic species pairs. Surveying 34 global populations with 1,159 informative markers revealed substantial genetic variation, with predominant patterns reflecting demographic history and geographic structure. After correcting for geographic structure and filtering for neutral markers, we detected large repeated shifts in allele frequency at some loci, identifying both known and novel loci likely contributing to marine-freshwater and benthic-limnetic divergence. Several novel loci fall close to genes implicated in epithelial barrier or immune functions, which have likely changed as sticklebacks adapt to contrasting environments. Specific alleles differentiating sympatric benthic-limnetic species pairs are shared in nearby solitary populations, suggesting an allopatric origin for adaptive variants and selection pressures unrelated to sympatry in the initial formation of these classic vertebrate species pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C Jones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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28
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Culp DJ, Zhang Z, Evans RL. Role of calcium and PKC in salivary mucous cell exocrine secretion. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1469-76. [PMID: 21933938 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511422817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid and exocrine secretion of mucins by salivary mucous glands is regulated predominantly by parasympathetic activation of muscarinic receptors. A direct role for subsequent putative signaling steps, phospholipase C (PLC), increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), and isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating muscarinic exocrine secretion has not been elucidated, and these are potential therapeutic targets to enhance mucin secretion in hyposalivary patients. We found that muscarinic-induced mucin secretion by rat sublingual tubulo-acini was dependent upon PLC activation and the subsequent increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and further identified a transient PKC-independent component of secretion dependent upon Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, whereas sustained secretion required entry of extracellular Ca(2+). Interactions among carbachol, PKC inhibitors, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and thapsigargin to modulate [Ca(2+)](i) implicated conventional PKC isoforms in mediating sustained secretion. With increasing times during carbachol perfusion of glands, in situ, PKC-α redistributed across glandular membrane compartments and underwent a rapid and persistent accumulation near the luminal borders of mucous cells. PKC-β1 displayed transient localization near luminal borders, whereas the novel PKCs, PKC-δ or PKC-ε, displayed little or no redistribution in mucous cells. Collective results implicate synergistic interactions between diacylglycerol (DAG) and increasing [Ca(2+)](i) levels to activate cPKCs in mediating sustained muscarinic-induced secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Culp
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Center for Oral Biology, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Li M, Li Q, Yang G, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM, Zhou XD. Cold temperature induces mucin hypersecretion from normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro through a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8)-mediated mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:626-34.e1-5. [PMID: 21762971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold air stimulus is a major environmental factor that exacerbates chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. At the molecular level, cold is detected by transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8). To date, TRPM8 expression has not been characterized in the airway epithelium of patients with COPD. The role of TRPM8 channels in a series of airway responses induced by cold stimuli and the molecular and biochemical pathways of TRPM8 in regulating cold-induced responses are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore the role of TRPM8 in cold air-provoked mucus hypersecretion and the potential signaling pathway involved in this process. METHODS The expression of TRPM8 in the bronchial epithelium was examined by means of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. TRPM8 receptor function and hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) were characterized by means of Ca(2+) imaging and spatiotemporal dynamics of phospholipase C (PLC) δ1-pleckstrin homology-green fluorescent protein, respectively. The expression of MUC5AC mRNA and MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Four serine residues in the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS)-phosphorylation site domain were mutated to identify the function of MARCKS in TRPM8-mediated airway mucus hypersecretion. RESULTS TRPM8 protein and mRNA expression were significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with expression seen in healthy subjects. Cold produced robust increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels and promoted translocation of PLCδ1-pleckstrin homology-green fluorescent protein. Cold increased expression of MUC5AC mRNA and intracellular and secreted MUC5AC protein in a nonsustained way. Phosphorylation site domain-mutant MARCKS cDNA hindered MUC5AC secretion induced by cold. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the TRPM8 receptor is involved in cold-induced mucus hypersecretion through the Ca(2+)-PLC-PIP2-MARCKS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinChao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Choi JH, Hwang YP, Han EH, Kim HG, Park BH, Lee HS, Park BK, Lee YC, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Inhibition of acrolein-stimulated MUC5AC expression by Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponin in A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2157-66. [PMID: 21664222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucin overproduction is a hallmark of chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of acrolein-induced expression of mucin 5, subtypes A and C (MUC5AC) by Changkil saponin (CKS) in A549 cells. Acrolein, a known toxin in tobacco smoke and an endogenous mediator of oxidative stress, increases the expression of airway MUC5AC, a major component of airway mucus. CKS, a Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponin, inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity, through the suppression of NF-κB activation. CKS also repressed acrolein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK, which are upstream signaling molecules that control MUC5AC expression. In addition, the MAPK inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SP600125 (JNK1/2), and SB203580 (p38 MAPK), and a PKC delta inhibitor (rottlerin; PKCδ) inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity. CKS repressed acrolein-induced phosphorylation of PKCδ. Moreover, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine, inhibited acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression and activity through the suppression of PKCδ and MAPK activation, and CKS repressed acrolein-induced ROS production. These results suggest that CKS suppresses acrolein-induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB via ROS-PKCδ-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Green TD, Crews AL, Park J, Fang S, Adler KB. Regulation of mucin secretion and inflammation in asthma: a role for MARCKS protein? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1110-3. [PMID: 21281703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major characteristic of asthmatic airways is an increase in mucin (the glycoprotein component of mucus) producing and secreting cells, which leads to increased mucin release that further clogs constricted airways and contributes markedly to airway obstruction and, in the most severe cases, to status asthmaticus. Asthmatic airways show both a hyperplasia and metaplasia of goblet cells, mucin-producing cells in the epithelium; hyperplasia refers to enhanced numbers of goblet cells in larger airways, while metaplasia refers to the appearance of these cells in smaller airways where they normally are not seen. With the number of mucin-producing and secreting cells increased, there is a coincident hypersecretion of mucin which characterizes asthma. On a cellular level, a major regulator of airway mucin secretion in both in vitro and in vivo studies has been shown to be MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) protein, a ubiquitous substrate of protein kinase C (PKC). GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In this review, properties of MARCKS and how the protein may regulate mucin secretion at a cellular level will be discussed. In addition, the roles of MARCKS in airway inflammation related to both influx of inflammatory cells into the lung and release of granules containing inflammatory mediators by these cells will be explored. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa D Green
- Deparment of Molecualr Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University CVM, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Bühligen J, Himmel M, Gebhardt C, Simon JC, Ziegler W, Averbeck M. Lysophosphatidylcholine-mediated functional inactivation of syndecan-4 results in decreased adhesion and motility of dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:905-14. [PMID: 20607801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Following antigen contact, maturation and migration of DCs into lymphatic tissues are crucial to the developing immune response or maintenance of tolerance. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) is generated during apoptosis of cells and acts as a "find-and-eat-me" signal thought to prevent autoimmunity. Moreover, LysoPC can activate PKCδ and initiates a signaling cascade that leads to phosphorylation and inactivation of syndecan-4 (SDC4), a heparansulfate proteoglycan integrin co-receptor. In human monocyte-derived DCs, we recently demonstrated that SDC4 is upregulated during maturation thereby stimulating DC motility. Here, we investigate the effects of LysoPC on DC motility as well as on the involvement of PKCδ phosphorylation-dependent regulation of DC motility by SDC4 and PKCα. Employing a static adhesion assay and videomicroscopy, we show that LysoPC inhibits adhesion of DCs to fibronectin and motility of DCs by decreasing podosome formation. Moreover, DC podosome formation and motility, which both are regulated by SDC4 and subject to control by PKCδ-dependent phosphorylation of SDC4, were inhibited in LysoPC-matured DCs. Thus, these DC are defective in adhesion and migration. Based on our results, we hypothesize that LysoPC released during apoptosis might delay DC migration to lymphoid organs and thus prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bühligen
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Park JA, Drazen JM, Tschumperlin DJ. The chitinase-like protein YKL-40 is secreted by airway epithelial cells at base line and in response to compressive mechanical stress. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29817-25. [PMID: 20650887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chitinase-like protein YKL-40, encoded by the CHI3L1 gene, is a biomarker and functional effector of chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases. In the lung it is associated with asthma severity and reduced lung function. The cellular sources of YKL-40 in human airways and the mechanisms regulating YKL-40 expression are poorly understood. We previously showed that mechanical stress similar to that experienced during bronchoconstriction triggers epithelial cell signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibrotic mediator release, and goblet cell hyperplasia consistent with airway remodeling in asthma. We now show that well differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells express CHI3L1 and secrete YKL-40 under base-line culture conditions. Mechanical stress (30-cm H(2)O transcellular compressive stress) applied for 3 h induces CHI3L1 expression by ∼4-fold compared with time matched controls, resulting in increased secretion of YKL-40 by 3.6-fold 24 h after onset of the 3-h stimulus. Inhibition of EGFR or MEK1/2 (ERK kinase) significantly but incompletely attenuates mechanical stress-induced up-regulation of CHI3L1 expression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Direct activation of EGFR utilizing EGF-family ligands induces CHI3L1 expression. Our results reveal that human airway epithelial cells are a source of YKL-40 and demonstrate that mechanical stress potently induces CHI3L1 expression leading to increased secretion of YKL-40 protein in an EGFR and MEK1/2-dependent pathway. In the asthmatic airway mechanical stress may contribute to enhanced YKL-40 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lin KW, Fang S, Park J, Crews AL, Adler KB. MARCKS and related chaperones bind to unconventional myosin V isoforms in airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 43:131-6. [PMID: 20203291 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0016rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a key regulatory molecule in the process of mucin secretion by airway epithelial cells, and that part of the secretory mechanism involves intracellular associations of MARCKS with specific chaperones: heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and cysteine string protein (CSP). Here, we report that MARCKS also interacts with unconventional myosin isoforms within these cells, and further molecular interactions between MARCKS and these chaperones/cytoskeletal proteins are elucidated. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells and the HBE1 cell line both expressed myosin V and VI proteins, and both MARCKS and CSP were shown to bind to myosin V, specifically Va and Vc. This binding was enhanced by exposing the cells to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C and stimulator of mucin secretion. Binding of MARCKS, Hsp70, and CSP was further investigated by His-tagged pull down assays of purified recombinant proteins and multiple transfections of HBE1 cells with fusion proteins (MARCKS-HA; Flag-Hsp70; c-Myc-CSP) and immunoprecipitation. The results showed that MARCKS binds directly to Hsp70, and that Hsp70 binds directly to CSP, but that MARCKS binding to CSP appears to require the presence of Hsp70. Interrelated binding(s) of MARCKS, chaperones, and unconventional myosin isoforms may be integral to the mucin secretion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Wei Lin
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606, USA
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35
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:79-85. [PMID: 19106700 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328323adb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Satoh K, Matsuki-Fukushima M, Qi B, Guo MY, Narita T, Fujita-Yoshigaki J, Sugiya H. Phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate is involved in the cAMP-dependent amylase release in parotid acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G1382-90. [PMID: 19372103 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90536.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is known as a major cellular substrate for protein kinase C (PKC). MARCKS has been implicated in the regulation of brain development and postnatal survival, cellular migration and adhesion, as well as phagocytosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis. The involvement of MARCKS phosphorylation in secretory function has been reported in Ca(2+)-mediated exocytosis. In rat parotid acinar cells, the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors provokes exocytotic amylase release via accumulation of intracellular cAMP levels. Here, we studied the involvement of MARCKS phosphorylation in the cAMP-dependent amylase release in rat parotid acinar cells. MARCKS protein was detected in rat parotid acinar cells by Western blotting. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR) induced MARCKS phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Translocation of a part of phosphorylated MARCKS from the membrane to the cytosol and enhancement of MARCKS phosphorylation at the apical membrane site induced by IPR were observed by immunohistochemistry. H89, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, inhibited the IPR-induced MARCKS phosphorylation. The PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin inhibited the IPR-induced MARCKS phosphorylation and amylase release. IPR activated PKCdelta, and the effects of IPR were inhibited by the PKA inhibitors. A MARCKS-related peptide partially inhibited the IPR-induced amylase release. These findings suggest that MARCKS phosphorylation via the activation of PKCdelta, which is downstream of PKA activation, is involved in the cAMP-dependent amylase release in parotid acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Satoh
- Dept. of Physiology, Nihon Univ. School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Chun KR, Bae EM, Kim JK, Suk K, Lee WH. Suppression of the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of MARCKS-related protein (MRP) affects transmigration in activated RAW264.7 cells. Cell Immunol 2009; 256:92-8. [PMID: 19246034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular action mechanism of MRP, one of the protein kinase C (PKC) substrates, has been under intense investigation, but reports on its role in macrophage function remain controversial. The treatment of macrophage cell lines with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a high level of MRP expression suggesting that MRP plays a role in the function of activated macrophages. In order to investigate the role of MRP in activated RAW264.7 cells, we stably transfected MRP-specific shRNA expression constructs and tested for alterations in macrophage-related functions. The down-regulation of MRP expression resulted in a marked reduction in chemotaxis toward MCP-1 or extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of PKC significantly inhibited the chemotaxis in RAW264.7 cells. These data reveals the pivotal role of MRP in the transmigration of activated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Rok Chun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Stifanese R, Averna M, De Tullio R, Salamino F, Cantoni C, Mingari MC, Prato C, Pontremoli S, Melloni E. Role of the calpain–calpastatin system in the density-dependent growth arrest. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 479:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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