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Lu Q, Chen B, Li A, Liang Q, Yao J, Tao Y, Dai F, Hu X, Lu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Long J, Zhang R, Liu Z. The correlation between HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk index among different metabolic adults: a cross-sectional study. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02332-y. [PMID: 39122878 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the correlation between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and cardiometabolic risk index(CMRI) among different metabolic adults to evaluate the value of HOMA-IR in predicting cardiometabolic risk. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months (from August 1, 2020 to February 18, 2022) and included 1550 participants divided into non-metabolic syndrome (non-MetS) group (n = 628) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) group (n = 922) in three centers of China. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between HOMA-IR, body fat percentage, BMI (body mass index), visceral fat index, waist-to-hip ratio, vitamin D, and CMRI. Further analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of HOMA-IR in diagnosing high CMRI within different metabolic, gender, and age groups to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESULTS HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the MetS group compared with the non-MetS group (P < 0.05). CMRI was significantly higher in the MetS group compared to the non-MetS group (P < 0.05). According to ROC curve analysis, HOMA-IR can predict cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the general population, non-MetS individuals, and MetS people. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, visceral fat index, waist-to-hip ratio, and HOMA-IR are independent risk indicators of high CVR, whereas vitamin D may exert a protective role. CONCLUSIONS HOMA-IR was an independent risk factor for increased CVR in MetS patients. Moreover, HOMA-IR elevates the risk of CVD regardless of MetS and thus can be used for screening the general population. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number: ChiCTR2100054654).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshun Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiayan Lu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieer Long
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Y, Chai S, Zhang X. Association Between Different Parameters of Adipose Distribution and Transient Elastography-Assessed Hepatic Steatosis in American Adults with Diabetes, Prediabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:299-308. [PMID: 36760579 PMCID: PMC9900240 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s394564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between adipose distribution and hepatic steatosis in American adults and to assess whether this association varies among different blood glucose states. METHODS Data from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 were analyzed. The subjects were divided into three groups: diabetes, prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Hepatic steatosis was quantified by median controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), which was measured by ultrasound transient elastography. Total abdominal fat volume, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, total percent fat, trunk percent fat, android percent fat and android to gynoid ratio (AGR) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Data pertaining to 2986 participants (1581 with hepatic steatosis) were included in the analysis. In the NGT group, the proportion of S0 (<5% of the hepatocytes with fatty infiltration) was 58.9%, and 25.2% for S3 (≥66% of the hepatocytes with fatty infiltration). In contrast, the proportion of S0 was 11.1%, while S3 accounts for as high as 68.7% in the diabetes group. In the NGT group, all parameters of fat distribution revealed a positive relation with the occurrence of hepatic steatosis (p<0.05) except total percent fat (p=0.872) after adjusting for confounding factors. In the prediabetes group, VAT volume, trunk percent fat, android percent fat and AGR had significant influence on hepatic steatosis (p<0.05). As for diabetes, only AGR remained significantly correlated with hepatic steatosis (p=0.004). CONCLUSION For NGT individuals, high level of total abdominal fat volume, VAT volume, trunk percent fat, android percent fat and AGR all can be used to predict hepatic steatosis. For diabetes, only AGR can predict hepatic steatosis among the surveyed parameters of adipose distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sanbao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaomei Zhang, Email
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Chen S, E Y, Zhang X, Wei B, Wang S, Xu Z, Gong P, Xie Y, Qin C, Zhang Y. A Novel Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance and Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Ischemic Stroke Patients After Endovascular Thrombectomy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:321-328. [PMID: 36778533 PMCID: PMC9910208 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s394438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the novel metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in stroke patients. METHODS We retrospectively included patients with large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation and treated by EVT from 2 stroke centers (Nanjing First Hospital from September 2019 to April 2022, and Jinling Hospital from September 2019 to July 2021). The METS-IR was used as an alternative marker of insulin resistance and calculated using laboratory data after admission. sICH was diagnosed according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. RESULTS Of the 410 enrolled patients (mean age, 69.8 ± 11.7 years; 60.7% men), 50 (12.2%) were diagnosed as sICH. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, poor collateral status, and other potential confounders, higher METS-IR was revealed to be independently associated with sICH (odds ratio, 1.076; 95% confidence interval, 1.034-1.120; P = 0.001). Similar significant results were obtained when defining METS-IR as a categorical variable. The restricted cubic spline uncovered a linear relationship between METS-IR and sICH (P < 0.001 for linearity). Furthermore, adding METS-IR to the conventional model significantly improved the risk prediction for sICH (net reclassification improvement = 15.8%, P = 0.035; integrated discrimination index = 2.6%; P = 0.017). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant association between METS-IR score and sICH in ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT. It could help monitor and manage sICH in patients after EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan E
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Hameed A. Correlation of Insulin Resistance With Short-Term Outcome in Nondiabetic Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cureus 2022; 14:e33093. [PMID: 36721561 PMCID: PMC9884116 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obviously, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) are common in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Additionally, IR is a substantial risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study aims to evaluate the association between IR and short-term outcomes of acute STEMI patients without diabetes mellitus in the form of reperfusion success, the occurrence of heart failure, the development of arrhythmias, and mortality. METHOD A cross-sectional study was done from August 2021 to December 2021 in two cardiology centers in Al-Sadr Teaching hospital and Basrah Oil hospital in Basrah, Southern Iraq. Sixty-one nondiabetic hospitalized patients with acute STEMI were included in the study. Twenty-five (41%) of them received thrombolytics and 36 (59%) were managed with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. From each patient, a fasting blood sample was taken for calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride glucose index (TyG) index. The patients were evaluated within 1-week for (reperfusion success, echocardiography for calculation of the ejection fraction (EF), arrhythmias, and mortality), and within 4-weeks for mortality. RESULTS Within the tertile 3 of the HOMA-IR and TyG index, significant higher 4-week mortality (35% and 30%, respectively). Pearson correlation also showed significant and negative correlations between both HOMA-IR and TyG index values and EF. While reperfusion success, arrhythmias, and 1-week mortality did not correlate significantly with both HOMA-IR and TyG index. CONCLUSION IR as defined by HOMA-IR and TyG index was significantly associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute STEMI in the form of EF<55 and 4-week mortality.
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Hayıroğlu Mİ, Çınar T, Çiçek V, Palice A, Ayhan G, Tekkeşin Aİ. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Can Predict Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Turkish Patients With High Cardiovascular Risk. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:280-287. [PMID: 36212749 PMCID: PMC9515730 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.3.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is an evidence gap regarding the predictive accuracy of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the predictive value of the TyG index for long-term MACEs in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Methods In total, 483 patients with high cardiovascular risk were included in this analysis. The study population was separated into 2 groups depending on the occurrence of long-term MACEs. The independent predictors of long-term MACEs in patients with high cardiovascular risk were investigated. The long-term prognostic value of the TyG index in these patients was evaluated in terms of MACEs. Results Age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and the TyG index were demonstrated to be independent predictors of long-term MACE occurrence in patients with high cardiovascular risk. The TyG index was independently related to long-term MACEs in patients with high cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.006; p=0.011). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the optimum value of the TyG index to predict long-term MACEs in the overall study cohort was >9.68, with 65% sensitivity and 63% specificity (area under the curve, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65–0.77; p<0.001). Conclusion The TyG index was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of long-term MACE occurrence in patients with high cardiovascular risk who had not been previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert İlker Hayıroğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tufan Çınar
- Department of Cardiology, Haydarpasa Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Çiçek
- Department of Cardiology, Haydarpasa Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Palice
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görkem Ayhan
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet İlker Tekkeşin
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Weng CY, Zhu MH, Dai KL, Mi ZY, Wang YS, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Gene Cascade Shift and Pathway Enrichment in Rat Kidney Induced by Acarbose Through Comparative Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659700. [PMID: 34095098 PMCID: PMC8176958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarbose is an effective anti-diabetic drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic degenerative metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. The beneficial effects of acarbose on blood sugar control in T2DM patients have been confirmed by many studies. However, the effect of acarbose on patient kidney has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we report in detail the gene expression cascade shift, pathway and module enrichment, and interrelation network in acarbose-treated Rattus norvegicus kidneys based on the in-depth analysis of the GSE59913 microarray dataset. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidneys of acarbose-treated rats were initially screened out by comparative analysis. The enriched pathways for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were further identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for DEGs was achieved through the STRING database mining. Pathway interrelation and hub genes for enriched pathways were further examined to uncover key biological effects of acarbose. Results revealed 44 significantly up-regulated genes and 86 significantly down-regulated genes (130 significant differential genes in total) in acarbose-treated rat kidneys. Lipid metabolism pathways were considerably improved by acarbose, and the physical conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were improved possibly through the increase of the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase (LCAT). These findings suggested that acarbose may serve as an ideal drug for CKD patients, since it not only protects the kidney, but also may relieve the complications caused by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yue Weng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Han Zhu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Lei Dai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Yan Mi
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Giordo R, Ahmed YMA, Allam H, Abusnana S, Pappalardo L, Nasrallah GK, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. EndMT Regulation by Small RNAs in Diabetes-Associated Fibrotic Conditions: Potential Link With Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683594. [PMID: 34095153 PMCID: PMC8170089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis, the main consequences of long-term hyperglycemia, often lead to organ dysfunction, disability, and increased mortality. A common denominator of these complications is the myofibroblast-driven excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Although fibroblast appears to be the primary source of myofibroblasts, other cells, including endothelial cells, can generate myofibroblasts through a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their typical phenotype to acquire mesenchymal features, characterized by the development of invasive and migratory abilities as well as the expression of typical mesenchymal products such as α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. EndMT is involved in many chronic and fibrotic diseases and appears to be regulated by complex molecular mechanisms and different signaling pathways. Recent evidence suggests that small RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial mediators of EndMT. Furthermore, EndMT and miRNAs are both affected by oxidative stress, another key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic fibrotic complications. In this review, we provide an overview of the primary redox signals underpinning the diabetic-associated fibrotic process. Then, we discuss the current knowledge on the role of small RNAs in the regulation of EndMT in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis and highlight potential links between oxidative stress and the dyad small RNAs-EndMT in driving these pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusra M. A. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hilda Allam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lucia Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Studies, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Yu S, Guo X, Li G, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. Lymphocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio but Not Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Effectively Predicts Metabolic Syndrome Among Subjects From Rural China. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:583320. [PMID: 33778016 PMCID: PMC7994280 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.583320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study intended to use two novel inflammatory indicators: lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to predict newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome (MetS) among subjects from rural Northeast China. Methods: Adult participants without MetS at baseline (n = 4,980, age = 52.65 ± 10.21 years; 51.9% men) were originated from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS). LHR (Q1: ≤1.04; Q2: 1.04–1.35; Q3: 1.35–1.79; Q4: ≥1.79) and PLR (Q1: ≤78.50; Q2: 78.50–107.27; Q3: 107.27–140.00; Q4: ≥140.00) were divided in quartile. Results: After 4.66-year follow-up, 1,194 subjects were diagnosed MetS (cumulative incidence 24.0; 25.8% for female and 22.3% for male, P = 0.002). Newly diagnosed MetS had higher value of hemoglobin and platelet count compared to those without MetS. As for LHR, from Q1 to Q4, there were increasing value of waist circumference (WC), serum triglycerides (TG), rates of current smoking and drinking whereas decreasing value of HDL-C. However, for PLR, rates of current smoking and drinking significantly decreased from Q1 to Q4. Similarly, the value of WC and TG showed a decreasing trend. In a logistic regression analysis, after adjusted for possible confounders, LHR [OR (95% CI) Q2: 1.13 (0.86, 1.48); OR (95% CI) Q3: 1.23 (0.94, 1.61); OR (95% CI) Q4: 1.57(1.20, 2.06)] but not PLR was effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS among rural Chinese. Conclusion: MetS had closed relationship with inflammation among subjects from rural China. As a novel marker of inflammation, LHR but not PLR might be an effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS and should be widely used in the epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - GuangXiao Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen YS, Ouyang XP, Yu XH, Novák P, Zhou L, He PP, Yin K. N6-Adenosine Methylation (m 6A) RNA Modification: an Emerging Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:857-872. [PMID: 33630241 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and prevalent epigenetic modification of mRNA in mammals. This dynamic modification is regulated by m6A methyltransferases and demethylases, which control the fate of target mRNAs through influencing splicing, translation and decay. Recent studies suggest that m6A modification plays an important role in the progress of cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte contractile function. However, the exact roles of m6A in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been fully explained. In this review, we summarize the current roles of the m6A methylation in the progress of CVDs, such as cardiac remodeling, heart failure, atherosclerosis (AS), and congenital heart disease. Furthermore, we seek to explore the potential risk mechanisms of m6A in CVDs, including obesity, inflammation, adipogenesis, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Shi Chen
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, The Neuroscience Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 460106, Hainan, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China.
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10
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Hyperinsulinemia promotes endothelial inflammation via increased expression and release of Angiopoietin-2. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ibrahim WS, Ibrahim IAAEH, Mahmoud MF, Mahmoud AAA. Carvedilol Diminishes Cardiac Remodeling Induced by High-Fructose/High-Fat Diet in Mice via Enhancing Cardiac β-Arrestin2 Signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:354-363. [PMID: 32052660 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420905683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a dietary model of IR in mice on cardiac remodeling, cardiac β-arrestin2 signaling, and the protective effects of carvedilol as a β-arrestin-biased agonist. METHODS AND RESULTS Insulin resistance was induced by feeding mice high-fructose/high-fat diet (HFrHFD) for 16 weeks. Carvedilol was adiministered for 4 weeks starting at week 13. At the end of the experiment, body weight, heart weight, left and right ventricular thickness, visceral fat weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, IR index, and serum endothelin-1 were measured. In addition, cardiac tissue samples were histopathologically examined. Also, cardiac levels of cardiotrophin-1, β-arrestin2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), diacylglycerol (DAG), and phosphoserine 473 Akt (pS473 Akt) were measured. Results showed significant increases in the FBG, serum insulin, IR index, serum endothelin-1, cardiac DAG, cardiac fibrosis, and degenerated cardiac myofibrils in HFrHFD-fed mice associated with a significant reduction in cardiac levels of cardiotrophin-1, β-arrestin2, PIP2, and pS473 Akt. On the other hand, carvedilol significantly reduced the heart weight, FBG, serum insulin, IR index, serum endothelin-1, cardiac DAG, left ventricular thickness, right ventricular fibrosis, and degeneration of cardiac myofibrils. In addition, carvedilol significantly increased cardiac levels of cardiotrophin-1, β-arrestin2, PIP2, and pS473 Akt. CONCLUSION Carvedilol enhances cardiac β-arrestin2 signaling and reduces cardiac remodeling in HFrHFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amr A A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Program, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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12
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Cao Y, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Ni X, Han L, Song M, Zhang W, Wang Z. Presarcopenia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chinese Population with Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:81-88. [PMID: 32021354 PMCID: PMC6956996 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s235335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impacts of skeletal muscle mass on carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS One hundred and ninety-five subjects with MetS had the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR)≥0.5 for all. One hundred and eighty-four subjects without MetS were divided into 2 groups: Non-Mets obese group (WHTR ≥ 0.5, n = 118) and Non-MetS control group (WHTR < 0.5, n = 66). All the groups had no difference in age. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was acquired and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. Each group was stratified according to the presence or absence of presarcopenia. RESULTS While most parameters showed an increasing trend with WHTR and MetS in both genders, SMI and HDL-C showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis showed the same increasing trend. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed SBP and presarcopenia were both independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in MetS (OR 1.026, P < 0.001; OR 2.788, P = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in IMT among the three groups with preserved muscle mass whether the participants suffered from obesity or MetS, while there was a significant difference between the two groups with presarcopenia (in male P = 0.020, in female P = 0.009, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.641 (P<0.001) for presarcopenia. CONCLUSION Obesity was a risk factor for sarcopenia independent of age, especially in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In individuals with MetS, our findings suggest that presarcopenia may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and appendicular skeletal muscle mass had potential protective effects for carotid atherosclerosis regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijie Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yapeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Zhang The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 185 6008 6586Fax +86 531 8616 9356 Email
| | - Zhihao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Zhihao Wang The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 185 6008 2268Fax +86 531 8616 9356 Email
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma acylcarnitine profiles and their relationships with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis among individuals with and without HIV infection. DESIGN Prospective cohort studies of 499 HIV-positive and 206 HIV-negative individuals from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS Twenty-four acylcarnitine species were measured in plasma samples of participants at baseline. Carotid artery plaque was assessed using repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. We examined the associations of individual and aggregate short-chain (C2-C7), medium-chain (C8-C14) and long-chain acylcarnitines (C16-C26) with incident carotid artery plaque over 7 years. RESULTS Among 24 acylcarnitine species, C8-carnitines and C20 : 4-carnitines showed significantly lower levels comparing HIV-positive to HIV-negative individuals (false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.05); and C20-carnitines and C26-carnitines showed significantly higher levels in HIV positive using antiretroviral therapy than those without antiretroviral therapy (false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.05). In the univariate analyses, higher aggregated short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine scores were associated with increased risk of carotid artery plaque [risk ratios (RRs) = 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.45) and 1.20 (1.02-1.41) per SD increment, respectively]. The association for the short-chain acylcarnitine score remained significant [RR = 1.23 (1.05-1.44)] after multivariate adjustment (including traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors). This association was more evident in HIV-positive individuals without persistent viral suppression [RR = 1.37 (1.11-1.69)] compared with those with persistent viral suppression during follow-up [RR = 1.03 (0.76-1.40)] or HIV-negative individuals [RR = 1.02 (0.69-1.52)]. CONCLUSION In two HIV cohorts, plasma levels of most acylcarnitines were not significantly different between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. However, higher levels of aggregated short-chain acylcarnitines were associated with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
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14
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Solati M, Kazemi L, Shahabi Majd N, Keshavarz M, Pouladian N, Soltani N. Oral herbal supplement containing magnesium sulfate improve metabolic control and insulin resistance in non-diabetic overweight patients: A randomized double blind clinical trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:2. [PMID: 31086781 PMCID: PMC6504991 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium deficiency plays a key role in obesity and decreases insulin sensitivity. In our previous study, significant evidence was provided for the contribution of oral Mg supplement that could improve insulin sensitivity and body weight in animal trials. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of an herbal supplement containing 300 mg magnesium sulfate on lipid profile, as well as insulin resistance and secretion in overweight patients. Methods: Seventy overweight non-diabetic volunteers with Body Mass Index (BMI) >28 kg/m2 were included in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (ethic number HUMS REC.1394.57) and registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2012110124756N2 with registration number 24756). They received either placebo or an herbal supplement capsule containing 300 mg magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for 6 months on a daily basis. Metabolic control, lipid profile and magnesium status were determined at baseline and every three months. Student t-test, repeated measure ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to compare the groups. Results: There was no significant difference between groups before intervention, but daily Mg supplement for 6 months significantly improved fasting insulin level (6.71±0.11 to 6.27±0.3 three months after Mg therapy, p<0.01 vs. 6.41±0.11 in control group (5.83±0.063) six months after Mg therapy, p< 0.0001), HOMA-IR (1.52±0.03 )in control group to 1.36±0.03 after three months Mg therapy, p<0.05 vs 1.37±0.05 in control group to 1.22±0.02 six months after Mg therapy, p< 0.05), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (43.57±0.82 in control group to 43.91±1.92 three months after Mg therapy, p<0.001vs 43.57±0.82 in control group to 46±0.88 six months after Mg therapy, <0.01), triglyceride (TG) (163.17±6.1 in control group to 141.2±5.84 six months after g therapy, p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (112.62±3.41 in control group to 104.42±2.35 six months after Mg therapy, p<0.05). Conclusion: Oral herbal supplement containing MgSO4 (300 mg/day) could improve plasma insulin level, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in non-diabetic overweight volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Solati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Leila Kazemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Naghi Shahabi Majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Keshavarz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Pouladian
- English Language Department, school of medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sci-ences, Isfahan, Iran, & Cardiovascular Research Center for Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on Levels of Nesfatin-1, HSP70, Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Granado M, Amor S, Martín-Carro B, Guerra-Menéndez L, Tejera-Muñoz A, González-Hedström D, Rubio C, Carrascosa JM, García-Villalón ÁL. Caloric restriction attenuates aging-induced cardiac insulin resistance in male Wistar rats through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:97-105. [PMID: 30497927 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and is one of the dietetic strategies most commonly used to enlarge life and to prevent aging-induced cardiovascular alterations. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) preventing the aging-induced insulin resistance in the heart of male Wistar rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Three experimental groups were used: 3 months old rats (3m), 24 months old rats (24m) and 24 months old rats subjected to 20% CR during their three last months of life (24m-CR). After sacrifice hearts were mounted in a perfusion system (Langendorff) and heart function in basal conditions and in response to accumulative doses of insulin (10-9-10-7 M), in the presence or absence of Wortmannin (10-6 M), was recorded. CR did not attenuate the aging-induced decrease in coronary artery vasodilation in response to insulin administration, but it prevented the aging-induced downregulation of cardiac contractility (dp/dt) through activation of the PI3K/Akt intracellular pathway. Insulin stimulated in a greater extent the PI3K/Akt pathway vs the activation of the MAPK pathway and increased the protein expression of IR, GLUT-4 and eNOS in the hearts of 3m and 24m-CR rats, but not in the hearts of 24m rats. Furthermore, CR prevented the aging induced increase in endothelin-1 protein expression in myocardial tissue. CONCLUSION In conclusion CR partially improves cardiac insulin sensitivity and prevents the aging induced decrease in myocardial contractility in response to insulin administration through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martín-Carro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Guerra-Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tejera-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Á L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Oxidative stress in obese children and adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:117-123. [PMID: 29804216 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. In adults, increased lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, was found in both metabolic syndrome and OSA. Studies on oxidative stress in children with T2DM and OSA are scarce. METHODS Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels were evaluated in obese children and adolescents with/without T2DM, and the contribution of OSA to oxidative stress was investigated. RESULTS Ten patients with T2DM, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 20 body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS)-matched non-diabetic children (controls) were studied. They all underwent overnight polysomnography. Fasting plasma concentrations of Ox-LDL were measured and compared to the glycemic status and to the presence of OSA. Fourteen patients (36%) were diagnosed with OSA and 21 (55%) with hypertension. There were no significant group differences in plasma Ox-LDL levels or between patients with/without OSA. Plasma Ox-LDL levels were significantly higher among patients with hypertension compared to controls (P = 0.01), while they correlated with homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.02), BMI-SDS (P = 0.049), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot study suggest that increased lipid peroxidation is associated with insulin resistance and hypertension in obese children and adolescents, while OSA has most likely minor influence.
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18
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La Fountaine MF, Cirnigliaro CM, Azarelo F, Hobson JC, Tascione O, Swonger KN, Dyson-Hudson T, Bauman WA. Cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis are differentially affected by insulin resistance after spinal cord injury. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1234-1244. [PMID: 28671307 DOI: 10.1113/ep086239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What impact does insulin resistance have on cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis in vascular beds with markedly reduced or functionally ablated sympathetic nervous system vasomotor function resulting from spinal cord injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Persons with spinal cord injury have sublesional microvascular endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by a blunted cutaneous perfusion response to acetylcholine iontophoresis, and the presence of insulin resistance has a further confounding effect on endothelium-mediated changes to cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities. Endothelium-mediated mechanisms that regulate skin blood flow might play an integral role in optimizing skin perfusion in vascular beds with sympathetic nervous system vasomotor impairment, such as in spinal cord injury (SCI). Insulin is a vasoactive hormone and second messenger of nitric oxide that facilitates endothelium-mediated dilatation. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on sublesional cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin provocation have yet to be described in persons with SCI. Persons with SCI and an able-bodied (AB) cohort were divided into subgroups based upon fasting plasma insulin concentration cut-offs for IR (≥13.13 mIU ml-1 ) or insulin sensitivity (IS; <13.13 mIU ml-1 ), as follows: AB, IS (ABIS, n = 21); SCI, IS (SCIS, n = 21); AB, IR (ABIR, n = 9); and SCI, IR (SCIR, n = 11). Laser Doppler flowmetry characterized peak blood perfusion unit (BPU) responses (percentage change from baseline) to insulin, acetylcholine or placebo iontophoresis in the lower extremities; BPU responses were log10 transformed to facilitate comparisons, and the net insulin response (NetIns) BPU response was calculated (insulin minus placebo BPU response). The NetIns was significantly greater in both IS groups compared with their corresponding IR group. The acetylcholine-mediated BPU responses in the SCI subgroups were significantly lower than those in the ABIS group. The proportional BPU responses of NetIns to acetylcholine in the IS cohorts (i.e. ABIS and SCIS) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of each IR subgroup. The presence of IR has a confounding effect on sublesional microvascular endothelium-mediated cutaneous perfusion responses to provocation. Preservation of endothelial sensitivity to its agonists appears to be an important modifiable risk factor to optimize cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities of persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F La Fountaine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.,The Institute for Advanced Study of Rehabilitation and Sports Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher M Cirnigliaro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank Azarelo
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joshua C Hobson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Oriana Tascione
- State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten N Swonger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Trevor Dyson-Hudson
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Dahagam C, Hahn VS, Goud A, D’Souza J, Abdelqader A, Blumenthal RS, Martin SS. Role of Statins in Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bissell LA, Hensor EMA, Kozera L, Mackie SL, Burska AN, Nam JL, Keen H, Villeneuve E, Donica H, Buch MH, Conaghan PG, Andrews J, Emery P, Morgan AW. Improvement in insulin resistance is greater when infliximab is added to methotrexate during intensive treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis-results from the IDEA study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:2181-2190. [PMID: 27638812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the change in established biomarkers of cardiovascular (CV) risk, namely, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with early RA treated with two different treat-to-target strategies. METHODS Fasting glucose, lipids, insulin and NT-proBNP were measured at baseline, weeks 26 and 78 in 79 DMARD-naïve RA patients, free of CV disease, as part of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of MTX with either infliximab (IFX) or methylprednisolone as induction therapy. Homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR (HOMA-IR) (glucose*insulin/405) was used to measure IR. Multiple imputation was employed, and linear regression analyses were adjusted for baseline values. RESULTS Changes in DAS44-CRP did not differ between the treatment arms at weeks 26 and 78. Mean TC/HDL-C, HOMA-IR and NT-proBNP improved in both groups at weeks 26 and 78, although change in NT-proBNP was not statistically significant at week 78. Changes in TC/HDL-C and NT-proBNP were similar between treatment arms, but HOMA-IR values in the IFX + MTX arm were 42% lower than those treated with MTX + methylprednisolone at week 78 (P = 0.003); the difference remained significant after adjustment for baseline BMI, ACPA positivity, smoking status and intramuscular glucocorticoid use (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION When implementing a treat-to-target approach, treatment of early RA was associated with improvement in TC/HDL-C, HOMA-IR and NT-proBNP, and a greater long-term improvement in HOMA-IR was seen in those treated with IFX. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU Clinical Trials Register, http://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, Eudract-2005-005013-37; ISRTCNregisrty, http://www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN48638981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley-Anne Bissell
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth M A Hensor
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Lukasz Kozera
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw
| | - Sarah L Mackie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Agata N Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Nam
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Keen
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edith Villeneuve
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Helena Donica
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maya H Buch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jacqueline Andrews
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ann W Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK,
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21
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Akin D, Ozmen S, Kaya R. A novel factor for primary arteriovenous fistula failure: hyperinsulinism. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1206-9. [PMID: 27466042 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1209061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunction of vascular access is an important reason of morbidity for dialysis patients and it is a major factor affecting the economical burden of hemodialysis. The preferred type of vascular access is creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). However, the problem of fistula maturation rate is still a challenge. Herein, we tried to search the role of hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance as a new predictor of primary AVF failure (pAVFF) that may be a cause of intimal damage. METHODS We included 119 patients (73 male and 46 female) with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who had undergone an AVF operation by a vascular surgeon. The AVF was examined for presence of thrill on the first postoperative day. A successful cannulation with two fistula needles with a blood flow of 250 mL/min for at least one complete dialysis session, after 4 weeks of AVF surgery was defined as functioning access. Insulin resistance in our patients was determined by the standard homeostasis model assessment (homa-IR). A logistic-regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent factors related with pAVFF. FINDINGS Detection of pAVFF occurred in 27 (22.7%) patients. The presence of thrill, amount of daily proteinuria, insulin levels, homa-IR, and serum albumin levels were found to be significantly different between patients with fistula failure and those without pAVFF. The logistic-regression analysis of preoperative factors revealed the following OR (odds ratio) and 95% CI values: homa-IR 1.205 (1.063-1.366) (p = 0.004), serum albumin 0.398 (0.178-0.892) (p = 0.025), and the amount of daily proteinuria 1.307 (1.012-1.688) (p = 0.041). Even after addition of the presence of postoperative thrill on AVF, which was a postoperative strong clinical factor to the analysis, mean homa-IR and mean serum albumin continued to be independent predictors of pAVFF. DISCUSSION Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinism may be a significant cause of pAVFF, which emphasizes the role of endothelium in fistula dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Akin
- a Denizli State Hospital, Nephrology , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Sehmus Ozmen
- b School of Health, Artuklu University , Mardin , Turkey ;,c Division of Nephrology , Diyarbakır Training Hospital , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kaya
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Nusaybin State Hospital , Mardin , Turkey
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22
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Kemp AH, López SR, Passos VMA, Bittencourt MS, Dantas EM, Mill JG, Ribeiro ALP, Thayer JF, Bensenor IM, Lotufo PA. Insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness mediate the association between resting-state heart rate variability and executive function: A path modelling study. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:216-224. [PMID: 27090849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has linked high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) to cognitive function. The present study adopts a modern path modelling approach to understand potential causal pathways that may underpin this relationship. METHODS Here we examine the association between resting-state HF-HRV and executive function in a large sample of civil servants from Brazil (N=8114) recruited for the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). HF-HRV was calculated from 10-min resting-state electrocardiograms. Executive function was assessed using the trail-making test (version B). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance (a marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus) and carotid intima-media thickness (subclinical atherosclerosis) mediated the relationship between HRV and executive function in seriatim. A limitation of the present study is its cross-sectional design; therefore, conclusions must be confirmed in longitudinal study. Nevertheless, findings support that possibility that HRV provides a 'spark' that initiates a cascade of adverse downstream effects that subsequently leads to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Kemp
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Psychology & Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Santiago Rodríguez López
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria M A Passos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Bittencourt
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dantas
- Collegiate of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José G Mill
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brasil, Brazil
| | - Antonio L P Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas and Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Pott GB, Tsurudome M, Bamfo N, Goalstone ML. ERK2 and Akt are negative regulators of insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α stimulated VCAM-1 expression in rat aorta endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:6. [PMID: 26917991 PMCID: PMC4766666 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is quickly becoming the most widespread disorder in the Western world. Among the most prevalent effects of diabetes is atherosclerosis, which in turn is driven in part by inflammation. Both insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) increase the presence of Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of downregulating Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase-2 (ERK2) and Akt on insulin and TNFa-stimulated VCAM-1 expression. Methods Here we begin to define the relationships between ERK2 and Akt regulation of insulin and TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression in Rat Arterial Endothelial Cells (RAEC) by transfecting RAEC with ERK2 and Akt RNA interference (RNAi) and then treating these cells with insulin (10 nM) or TNFα (10 ng/mL) alone or in combination. Results Western blot analyses, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to determine changes in VCAM-1 expression within the above-stated parameters. Cells transfected with ERK2 or Akt RNAi plasmids increased insulin and TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 total protein expression significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that seen in mock transfected cells and expressed cell surface VCAM-1 greater than that seen in mock transfected cells as indicated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Nevertheless, the decrease of both kinases did not increase insulin or TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression above that seen when one or the other RNAi was present. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate that ERK2 and Akt may be negative regulators of insulin and TNF-α stimulated VCAM-1 and that their loss or down regulation might upregulate VCAM-1 expression and contribute to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Pott
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue. Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Mark Tsurudome
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue. Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Nadia Bamfo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue. Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Marc L Goalstone
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue. Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO 80045 USA ; Eastern Colorado Health Care System, (Denver VA Medical Center), 1055 Clermont Street. Mail Stop 151, Denver, CO 80220 USA
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24
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Bas DF, Ozdemir AO, Colak E, Kebapci N. Higher Insulin Resistance Level is Associated with Worse Clinical Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:167-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Takx RAP, Ishai A, Truong QA, MacNabb MH, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Tawakol A. Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1221-5. [PMID: 26795284 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preclinical data suggest a negative correlation between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. We sought to evaluate the relationship between (18)F-FDG uptake in supraclavicular BAT in relation to arterial inflammation and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in humans. METHODS Individuals who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT for clinical indications but who did not have either cancer or known atherosclerotic disease at the time of imaging were included. A radiologist masked to clinical data measured (18)F-FDG uptake within BAT (in the supraclavicular region) as well as in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Tissue density was evaluated using CT (Hounsfield units). Arterial inflammation was assessed by measuring arterial (18)F-FDG uptake and calculating target-to-background ratio. CVD events were independently adjudicated by masked cardiologists. Thereafter, the relationship between BAT activity and CVD events was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 443 patients (age, 55 y [44-66 y]; 44% men; body mass index [BMI], 26 [range, 23-31]) were included, and 30 patients experienced a cardiovascular event during a median follow-up of 4 y. BAT activity negatively correlated with arterial inflammation (r = -0.178, P < 0.01), a relationship that persisted after correcting for age and BMI (r = -0.147, P < 0.01). When either high sensitivity or high accuracy thresholds (from receiver-operating curve analyses) were used to define elevated BAT, high BAT was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events (P = 0.048), even after correcting for age (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased supraclavicular BAT activity is inversely associated with arterial inflammation, independently of age and BMI. Additionally, increased BAT may be associated with fewer cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A P Takx
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amorina Ishai
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quynh A Truong
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Meghan H MacNabb
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Ward-Caviness CK, Kraus WE, Blach C, Haynes CS, Dowdy E, Miranda ML, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Mukerjee S, Stallings C, Smith LA, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Hauser ER, Neas LM. Association of Roadway Proximity with Fasting Plasma Glucose and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in a Cross-Sectional Study of Cardiac Catheterization Patients. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:1007-14. [PMID: 25807578 PMCID: PMC4590740 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease needs to be better understood in order to address the adverse impact of air pollution on human health. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between roadway proximity and traffic exposure zones, as markers of TRAP exposure, and metabolic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk in a cohort of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 2,124 individuals residing in North Carolina (USA). Roadway proximity was assessed via distance to primary and secondary roadways, and we used residence in traffic exposure zones (TEZs) as a proxy for TRAP. Two categories of metabolic outcomes were studied: measures associated with glucose control, and measures associated with lipid metabolism. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, body mass index, and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS An interquartile-range (990 m) decrease in distance to roadways was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (β = 2.17 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.24, 4.59), and the association appeared to be limited to women (β = 5.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.48, 8.84 compared with β = 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.04, 3.33 in men). Residence in TEZ 5 (high-speed traffic) and TEZ 6 (stop-and-go traffic), the two traffic zones assumed to have the highest levels of TRAP, was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = 8.36; 95% CI: -0.15, 16.9 and β = 5.98; 95% CI: -3.96, 15.9, for TEZ 5 and 6, respectively). CONCLUSION Proxy measures of TRAP exposure were associated with intermediate metabolic traits associated with cardiovascular disease, including fasting plasma glucose and possibly HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Crissey JM, Padilla J, Vieira-Potter VJ, Thorne PK, Koch LG, Britton SL, Thyfault JP, Laughlin MH. Divergent role of nitric oxide in insulin-stimulated aortic vasorelaxation between low- and high-intrinsic aerobic capacity rats. Physiol Rep 2015. [PMID: 26197933 PMCID: PMC4552535 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intrinsic aerobic capacity is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is a strong predictor of early mortality. The effects of intrinsic aerobic capacity on the vascular response to insulin are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that rats selectively bred for a low capacity to run (LCR) exhibit vascular dysfunction and impaired vascular reactivity to insulin compared to high capacity running (HCR) rats. Mature female LCR (n = 21) and HCR (n = 17) rats were maintained under sedentary conditions, and in vitro thoracic aortic vascular function was assessed. LCR exhibited greater body mass (13%), body fat (35%), and subcutaneous, perigonadal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass, than HCR. During an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, glucose area under the curve (AUC) was not different but insulin AUC was 2-fold greater in LCR than HCR. Acetylcholine and insulin-stimulated aortic vasorelaxation was significantly greater in LCR (65.2 ± 3.8%, and 32.7 ± 4.1%) than HCR (55.0 ± 3.3%, and 16.7 ± 2.8%). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-NAME entirely abolished insulin-mediated vasorelaxation in the aorta of LCR, with no effect in HCR. LCR rats exhibited greater expression of Insulin Receptor protein, lower Endothelin Receptor-A protein, a down-regulation of transcripts for markers of immune cell infiltration (CD11C, CD4, and F4/80) and up-regulation of pro-atherogenic inflammatory genes (VCAM-1 and MCP-1) in the aorta wall. Contrary to our hypothesis, low-aerobic capacity was associated with enhanced aortic endothelial function and NO-mediated reactivity to insulin, despite increased adiposity and evidence of whole body insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Pamela K Thorne
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Schmiegelow MD, Hedlin H, Stefanick ML, Mackey RH, Allison M, Martin LW, Robinson JG, Hlatky MA. Insulin Resistance and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015; 8:309-16. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Insulin resistance is associated with diabetes mellitus, but it is uncertain whether it improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods and Results—
We identified 15 288 women from the Women’s Health Initiative Biomarkers studies with no history of CVD, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes mellitus at baseline (1993–1998). We assessed the prognostic value of adding fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance), serum-triglyceride-to-serum-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio TG/HDL-C, or impaired fasting glucose (serum glucose ≥110 mg/dL) to traditional risk factors in separate Cox multivariable analyses and assessed risk discrimination and reclassification. The study end point was major CVD events (nonfatal and fatal coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke) within 10 years, which occurred in 894 (5.8%) women. Insulin resistance was associated with CVD risk after adjusting for age and race/ethnicity with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) per doubling in insulin of 1.21 (CI, 1.12–1.31), in HOMA-IR of 1.19 (CI, 1.11–1.28), in TG/HDL-C of 1.35 (CI, 1.26–1.45), and for impaired fasting glucose of 1.31 (CI, 1.05–1.64). Although insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG/HDL-C remained associated with increased CVD risk after adjusting for most CVD risk factors, none remained significant after adjusting for HDL-C: hazard ratios for insulin, 1.06 (CI, 0.98–1.16); for HOMA-IR, 1.06 (CI, 0.98–1.15); for TG/HDL-C, 1.11 (CI, 0.99–1.25); and for glucose, 1.20 (CI, 0.96–1.50). Insulin resistance measures did not improve CVD risk discrimination and reclassification.
Conclusions—
Measures of insulin resistance were no longer associated with CVD risk after adjustment for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and did not provide independent prognostic information in postmenopausal women without diabetes mellitus.
Clinical Trial Registration Information—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrial.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Schmiegelow
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Haley Hedlin
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Rachel H. Mackey
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Matthew Allison
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Lisa W. Martin
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
| | - Mark A. Hlatky
- From the The Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (M.D.S., M.A.H.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.S.); The Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.H., M.L.S., M.A.H.); Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.H.M.); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San
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29
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Tahapary DL, de Ruiter K, Martin I, van Lieshout L, Guigas B, Soewondo P, Djuardi Y, Wiria AE, Mayboroda OA, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Tasman H, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, Smit JWA, Supali T. Helminth infections and type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized placebo controlled SUGARSPIN trial in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 25888525 PMCID: PMC4389675 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is a strong predictor of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic helminth infections might protect against insulin resistance via a caloric restriction state and indirectly via T-helper-2 polarization of the immune system. Therefore the elimination of helminths might remove this beneficial effect on insulin resistance. Methods/Design To determine whether soil-transmitted helminth infections are associated with a better whole-body insulin sensitivity and whether this protection is reversible by anthelmintic treatment, a household-based cluster-randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the area of Nangapanda on Flores Island, Indonesia, an area endemic for soil-transmitted helminth infections. The trial incorporates three monthly treatment with albendazole or matching placebo for one year, whereby each treatment round consists of three consecutive days of supervised drug intake. The presence of soil-transmitted helminths will be evaluated in faeces using microscopy and/or PCR. The primary outcome of the study will be changes in insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA-IR, while the secondary outcomes will be changes in body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-glucose levels after oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, serum lipid levels, immunological parameters, and efficacy of anthelmintic treatment. Discussion The study will provide data on the effect of helminth infections on insulin resistance. It will assess the relationship between helminth infection status and immune responses as well as metabolic parameters, allowing the establishment of a link between inflammation and whole-body metabolic homeostasis. In addition, it will give information on anthelmintic treatment efficacy and effectiveness. Trial registration This study has been approved by the ethical committee of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia (ref: 549/H2.F1/ETIK/2013), and has been filed by the ethics committee of Leiden University Medical Center, clinical trial number: ISRCTN75636394. The study is reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines for cluster-randomised trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicky L Tahapary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivonne Martin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Mathematics, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Lisette van Lieshout
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pradana Soewondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Yenny Djuardi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Aprilianto E Wiria
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Hengki Tasman
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Welsh P, Preiss D, Lloyd SM, de Craen AJ, Jukema JW, Westendorp RG, Buckley BM, Kearney PM, Briggs A, Stott DJ, Ford I, Sattar N. Contrasting associations of insulin resistance with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the elderly: PROSPER long-term follow-up. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2513-20. [PMID: 25264116 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin resistance is commonly proposed as a precursor to both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet few studies have directly compared insulin resistance with both outcomes simultaneously and determined whether associations with each outcome differ in strength or are comparable. We assessed the association of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with incident CVD and diabetes in older people. METHODS In the long-term follow-up of the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) cohort, HOMA-IR measurement was available in 4,742 older people (70-82 years) without diabetes at baseline. Of these, 283 developed diabetes during the 3.2 year within-trial follow-up, while 1,943 all-cause deaths, 470 CHD deaths (identified from death records) and 590 fatal/non-fatal CVD events (identified from medical record linkage in the Scottish participants) occurred during an extended 8.6 years of total follow-up. Cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards models were fitted using multivariable models. RESULTS Higher HOMA-IR was associated with incident diabetes: HR 4.80 (95% CI 3.14, 7.33) comparing extreme thirds after adjustment for confounders. However, HOMA-IR in the top third was not associated with all-cause mortality, CHD mortality or fatal/non-fatal CVD: HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.90, 1.17), 1.03 (0.79, 1.36) and 0.94 (0.74, 1.20), respectively. Results were similar when fasting insulin was considered as an exposure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data support insulin resistance as a predictor of diabetes in later life but, perhaps surprisingly, suggest this pathway is of negligible importance to CVD outcomes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Welsh
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK,
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Mahalle N, Kulkarni MV, Naik SS, Garg MK. Association of dietary factors with insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in subjects with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in Indian population. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:536-41. [PMID: 24746438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation have been implicated in pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary factors have been reported to be associated to insulin resistance and inflammation. Hence, we studied the association of dietary factors with IR and inflammation in known patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease with the hypothesis that carbohydrate and fat will be positively; and protein, fiber and mineral will be negatively associated with IR and inflammatory markers. METHODS Three hundred patients (M: 216; F: 84, age: 25-92) who had coronary disease on angiography were included in this study consecutively. All patients were evaluated for anthropometry and cardiovascular risk factors, and blood samples were collected for biochemical and inflammatory markers. Nutrition assessment was done once at the time of recruitment, based on 24h dietary recall. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients had significantly lower protein and total dietary fiber intake as compared to non diabetics. Diabetic patients had lower intake of vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin B12. There was significantly lower intake of minerals by diabetic patients. Dietary carbohydrate and fat were positively, and protein and dietary fiber intakes were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and IL-6. There was no correlation of individual amino acids with HOMA-IR but showed strong negative correlation with inflammatory markers (hsCRP; IL-6 and TNF-α). Intake of vitamins and minerals was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and inflammatory markers. There is a strong correlation between dietary factors, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahalle
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune.
| | - M V Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune
| | - S S Naik
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune
| | - M K Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune
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Angelica keiskeiExtract Improves Insulin Resistance and Hypertriglyceridemia in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Drink. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:928-32. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Trifunovic D, Stankovic S, Sobic-Saranovic D, Marinkovic J, Petrovic M, Orlic D, Beleslin B, Banovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Stepanovic J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Tesic M, Djukanovic N, Petrovic O, Vasovic O, Nestorovic E, Kostic J, Ristic A, Ostojic M. Acute insulin resistance in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients is associated with incomplete myocardial reperfusion and impaired coronary microcirculatory function. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:73. [PMID: 24708817 PMCID: PMC4234386 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients was recently established as an independent predictor of intrahospital mortality. In this study we postulated that acute IR is a dynamic phenomenon associated with the development of myocardial and microvascular injury and larger final infarct size in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods In 104 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI without diabetes, the HOMA index was determined on the 2nd and 7th day after pPCI. Worst-lead residual ST-segment elevation (ST-E) on postprocedural ECG, coronary flow reserve (CFR) determined by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography on the 2nd day after pPCI and fixed perfusion defect on single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) determined six weeks after pPCI were analyzed according to HOMA indices. Results IR was present in 55 % and 58 % of patients on day 2 and day 7, respectively. Incomplete post-procedural ST-E resolution was more frequent in patients with IR compared to patients without IR, both on day 2 (p = 0.001) and day 7 (p < 0.001). The HOMA index on day 7 correlated with SPECT-MPI perfusion defect (r = 0.331), whereas both HOMA indices correlated well with CFR (r = -0.331 to -0.386) (p < 0.01 for all). In multivariable backward logistic regression analysis adjusted for significant univariate predictors and potential confounding variables, IR on day 2 was an independent predictor of residual ST-E ≥ 2 mm (OR 11.70, 95% CI 2.46-55.51, p = 0.002) and CFR < 2 (OR = 5.98, 95% CI 1.88-19.03, p = 0.002), whereas IR on day 7 was an independent predictor of SPECT-MPI perfusion defect > 20% (OR 11.37, 95% CI 1.34-96.21, p = 0.026). Conclusion IR assessed by the HOMA index during the acute phase of the first anterior STEMI in patients without diabetes treated by pPCI is independently associated with poorer myocardial reperfusion, impaired coronary microcirculatory function and potentially with larger final infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Trifunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Ul, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hänninen MRA, Niiranen TJ, Puukka PJ, Jula AM. Metabolic risk factors and masked hypertension in the general population: the Finn-Home study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:421-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Al-Azzam SI, Alkhateeb AM, Alzoubi KH, Alzayadeen RN, Ababneh MA, Khabour OF. Atorvastatin treatment modulates the interaction between leptin and adiponectin, and the clinical parameters in patients with type II diabetes. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1565-1569. [PMID: 24255692 PMCID: PMC3829757 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of atorvastatin treatment on levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance, and their correlation with clinical parameters, in patients with type II diabetes. Patients with diabetes (n=394) were divided into two groups, comprising 161 patients who received 20 mg/day atorvastatin (statin group), and 233 patients who did not receive statins (statin-free group). The results showed that atorvastatin treatment of patients with diabetes was not associated with changes in leptin, adiponectin, the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio or homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (Tchol) were positively correlated with leptin and L/A ratio in the statin group only (P<0.05). By contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed a significant positive correlation with adiponectin in the statin and statin-free groups (P<0.05). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and TG, in both groups, whereas Tchol was positively correlated with HOMA-IR in the statin group only (P<0.05). When multivariate analysis was performed with HOMA-IR as the dependent variable, and with adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, HbA1c was found to be a significant predictor of HOMA-IR or insulin resistance. In conclusion, atorvastatin treatment may have several effects on the interaction between leptin and adiponectin, and on clinical parameters in patients with type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Cohen MM. The AKT genes and their roles in various disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2931-7. [PMID: 24039187 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AKT (AK mouse plus Transforming or Thymoma) is a common oncogene expressed in most tissues. Both AKT2 and AKT3, although important, have more limited distributions. The regulation of all three genes depends on two receptors-a receptor tyrosine kinase with a growth factor ligand, and a G protein coupled receptor, also with a ligand together with an explanation of how their downsteam components function. AKT2 is amplified or overexpressed in cancer with a higher frequency than those found with AKT1. AKT1 is cardioprotective to the heart by supporting its physiological growth and function. AKT2 is closely linked to Type II diabetes and the implications of various types of mutations are discussed. Various AKT3 mutations are important in neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, hemimegalencephaly, and megalencephaly syndromes. Finally, a reduced level of AKT1 in the frontal cortex has been found during post-mortem brain studies of schizophrenic patients in the populations of many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Karrowni W, Li Y, Jones PG, Cresci S, Abdallah MS, Lanfear DE, Maddox TM, McGuire DK, Spertus JA, Horwitz PA. Insulin resistance is associated with significant clinical atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2245-51. [PMID: 23868937 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing worldwide because of increasing age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Emerging evidence supports a direct proatherogenic effect of IR on the coronary vasculature, but the relation between IR and angiographic atherosclerosis in a real-world clinical setting is uncertain. In this work, we assessed whether IR is independently associated with clinically significant angiographic atherosclerosis in nondiabetic individuals. APPROACH AND RESULTS We examined the association between IR and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis determined by angiography in 1073 nondiabetic patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into quartiles on the basis of the homeostasis model assessment grading of IR, and associations between IR and multivessel coronary artery disease, defined as ≥ 2 arteries with ≥ 70% stenosis (or ≥ 50% left main stenosis), were analyzed in bivariate and multivariable modeling. Overall, the cohort had a median age of 56 years; 28.9% women and 21.8% nonwhite. The crude prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease was 37.8%, 42.3%, 47.2%, and 48.0% for homeostasis model assessment grading of IR quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P(trend) = 0.009). In multivariable modeling, compared with quartile 1, both quartile 3 (relative risk [95% confidence interval], 1.31 [1.07-1.60]) and quartile 4 (1.29 [1.03-1.60]) were independently associated with multivessel coronary artery disease. Covariates in the model included patient demographic and clinical characteristics and metabolic factors (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an independent association between IR and multivessel coronary artery disease in nondiabetic postmyocardial infarction patients. Our findings strengthen the experimental evidence for a direct atherogenic effect of IR independent of glucose control and other components of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassef Karrowni
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Cholerton B, Baker LD, Trittschuh EH, Crane PK, Larson EB, Arbuckle M, Saucedo HH, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Craft S. Insulin and sex interactions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 31:401-10. [PMID: 22571978 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are likely preceded by a protracted preclinical state. Thus, identification of biomarkers that signal potential points of intervention during this prodromal phase (during which patients are largely able to compensate for their cognitive deficits) is of paramount importance. Insulin is a pancreatic hormone with potent central nervous system effects, and insulin dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both AD and vascular dementia. The aim of the current study was to determine whether circulating insulin differs as a function of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis, and whether this relationship is mediated by sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. A sample of 549 nondemented participants aged 65 and over from the Adult Changes in Thought community-based cohort underwent cognitive testing and blood draw to determine fasting levels of plasma insulin. Subjects were categorized as having normal cognitive functioning, amnestic MCI, or nonamnestic MCI. Results showed that the relationship between insulin and diagnostic category is moderated by sex, such that men with nonamnestic or amnestic MCI have higher fasting plasma insulin than cognitively normal men, while women with amnestic MCI have lower fasting plasma insulin than cognitively normal women. Exploratory analyses suggest that APOE ε4 genotype may further influence the relationship between sex and insulin. Future research will help determine whether insulin dysregulation results in differential effects on vascular function and AD pathology as a function of sex and/or APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Cholerton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98493, USA.
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Hillman S, Peebles DM, Williams DJ. Paternal metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors for fetal growth restriction: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1675-80. [PMID: 23315598 PMCID: PMC3661816 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fathers of low-birth weight offspring are more likely to have type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. We investigated whether paternal insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors were evident at the time that fetal growth-restricted offspring were born. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We carried out a case-control study of men who fathered pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction, in the absence of recognized fetal disease (n = 42), compared with men who fathered normal-birth weight offspring (n = 77). All mothers were healthy, nonsmoking, and similar in age, BMI, ethnicity, and parity. Within 4 weeks of offspring birth, all fathers had measures of insulin resistance (HOMA index), blood pressure, waist circumference, endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation), lipid profile, weight, and smoking habit. Comparison was made using multivariable logistical regression analysis. RESULTS Fathers of fetal growth-restricted offspring [mean (SD) 1.8th (2.2) customized birth centile] were more likely to have insulin resistance, hypertension, central adiposity, and endothelial dysfunction and to smoke cigarettes compared with fathers of normal grown offspring. After multivariable analysis, paternal insulin resistance and smoking remained different between the groups. Compared with fathers of normal grown offspring, men who fathered pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction had an OR 7.68 (95% CI 2.63-22.40; P < 0.0001) of having a 1-unit higher log HOMA-IR value and 3.39 (1.26-9.16; P = 0.016) of being a smoker. CONCLUSIONS Men who recently fathered growth-restricted offspring have preclinical evidence of the insulin resistance syndrome and are more likely to smoke than fathers of normal grown offspring. Paternal lifestyle may influence heritable factors important for fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hillman
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
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40
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Kang HT, Yoon JH, Kim JY, Ahn SK, Linton JA, Koh SB, Kim JK. The association between the ratio of triglyceride to HDL-C and insulin resistance according to waist circumference in a rural Korean population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1054-1060. [PMID: 21764572 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to examine the association between an increased ratio of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and insulin resistance as well as to investigate the interactive effect of TG/HDL-C and waist circumference on insulin resistance in a rural Korean population. METHODS AND RESULTS This study, employing a cross-sectional design, included 8411 participants from the Korean Genomic Rural Cohort Study. Levels of fasting insulin, lipid profiles and anthropometric data were assessed for all participants. Insulin resistance was defined as a value greater than the 75th percentile on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The TG/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with HDL-C when the calculations were controlled for gender. In comparison with the lowest quartile group of TG/HDL-C (≤1.92 in men, ≤1.63 in women), the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval) for insulin resistance in the highest quartile group of TG/HDL-C (>4.90 in men, >3.93 in women) were 2.33 (1.72-3.16) in men and 2.16 (1.73-2.71) in women, after adjusting for multiple covariates including waist circumference. Following stratification of waist circumference into quartiles, the effect of TG/HDL-C on insulin resistance remained significant irrespective of the waist circumference quartile. CONCLUSION The TG/HDL-C ratio was linearly associated with insulin resistance in a rural Korean cohort independently of waist circumference in both genders, albeit not interactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-T Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju City, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
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Manfrini O, Russo V, Ciavarella A, Ceroni L, Montalti M, Fattori R. Coronary plaque quantification and composition in asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:423-31. [PMID: 22673024 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32835593f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the extent and morphology of coronary lesions in asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus. METHODS We enrolled 102 asymptomatic patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 97 patients without diabetes as controls. All individuals had no history of ischemic heart disease. They underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Plaque density and plaque volume were calculated using specific software on axial images. Arterial remodeling was evaluated with semiquantitative assessment on image reconstructions. RESULTS MDCT angiography revealed the presence of 124 coronary plaques in 46 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 59 plaques in 21 controls (P<0.01). Diabetic patients had a significantly higher proportion of lesions with impaired adaptive remodeling (56.5 versus 35.6%, P<0.01), as compared with nondiabetic individuals. The volume of fibrofatty component was 0.1 cm (0.01-0.72) in diabetic patients and 0.08 cm (0.01-0.33) in controls (P=0.14). The calcium volume was 0.082 cm (0-0.558) in diabetic patients and 0.12 cm (0-0.669) in controls (P=0.21). Plaques with fibrofatty components had a significantly higher density in the diabetic cohort (58.76 ± 9.55 Hounsfield Units), as compared with the control group (47.31 ± 5.42 Hounsfield Units, P<0.001). Plaque density correlated with the duration of type II diabetes mellitus (r=0.37, P=0.044), but was independent of age, sex, hypertension and metabolic profile. In the control group, plaque density was independent of any covariate. CONCLUSION Coronary plaques in type II diabetes mellitus show a tendency to develop impaired adaptive remodeling and to have a higher tissue density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Manfrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, dell'Invecchiamento e Malattie Nefrologiche, Italy
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Cicero AF, D’Addato S, Santi F, Ferroni A, Borghi C. Leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:559-64. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3283516798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Park YM, Kashyap S, Major J, Silverstein RL. Insulin promotes macrophage foam cell formation: potential implications in diabetes-related atherosclerosis. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1171-80. [PMID: 22525426 PMCID: PMC3407326 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, a disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The role of hyperinsulinemia as an independent participant in the atherogenic process has been controversial. In the current study, we tested the effect of insulin and the insulin sensitizer, adiponectin, on human macrophage foam cell formation. We found that both insulin and adiponectin increased the expression of the type 2 scavenger receptor CD36 by approximately twofold and decreased the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 by >80%. In both cases regulation was post-transcriptional. As a consequence of these changes, we found that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake was increased by 80% and cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) was decreased by ∼25%. This led to two- to threefold more cholesterol accumulation over a 16-h period. As reported previously in studies of murine systems, scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) expression on human macrophages was downregulated by insulin and adiponectin. Insulin and adiponectin did not affect oxLDL-induced secretion of monocyte attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These studies suggest that hyperinsulinemia could promote macrophage foam cell formation and thus may contribute to atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sangeeta Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Major
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Willette AA, Bendlin BB, Colman RJ, Kastman EK, Field AS, Alexander AL, Sridharan A, Allison DB, Anderson R, Voytko ML, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch RH, Johnson SC. Calorie restriction reduces the influence of glucoregulatory dysfunction on regional brain volume in aged rhesus monkeys. Diabetes 2012; 61:1036-42. [PMID: 22415875 PMCID: PMC3331743 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling dysregulation is related to neural atrophy in hippocampus and other areas affected by neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known if long-term calorie restriction (CR) can ameliorate this relationship through improved insulin signaling or if such an effect might influence task learning and performance. To model this hypothesis, magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 27 CR and 17 control rhesus monkeys aged 19-31 years from a longitudinal study. Voxel-based regression analyses were used to associate insulin sensitivity with brain volume and microstructure cross-sectionally. Monkey motor assessment panel (mMAP) performance was used as a measure of task performance. CR improved glucoregulation parameters and related indices. Higher insulin sensitivity predicted more gray matter in parietal and frontal cortices across groups. An insulin sensitivity × dietary condition interaction indicated that CR animals had more gray matter in hippocampus and other areas per unit increase relative to controls, suggesting a beneficial effect. Finally, bilateral hippocampal volume adjusted by insulin sensitivity, but not volume itself, was significantly associated with mMAP learning and performance. These results suggest that CR improves glucose regulation and may positively influence specific brain regions and at least motor task performance. Additional studies are warranted to validate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriel A. Willette
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Erik K. Kastman
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aaron S. Field
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aadhavi Sridharan
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rozalyn Anderson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary-Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joseph W. Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard H. Weindruch
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Corresponding author: Sterling C. Johnson,
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Bahadoran Z, Tohidi M, Nazeri P, Mehran M, Azizi F, Mirmiran P. Effect of broccoli sprouts on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:767-71. [PMID: 22537070 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.665043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Use of antioxidant components is a new approach for improvement of insulin resistance (IR) as a main feature of type 2 diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of broccoli sprouts powder (BSP) containing high concentration of sulphoraphane on IR in type 2 diabetic patients. Eighty-one patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 g/d BSP (A, n = 27), 5 g/d BSP (B, n = 29) and placebo (C, n = 25) for 4 weeks. Fasting serum glucose and insulin concentration, glucose to insulin ratio and homoeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index were measured at baseline and again 4 weeks after treatment. Seventy-two patients completed the study and 63 were included in the analysis. After 4 weeks, consumption of 10 g/d BSP resulted in a significant decrease in serum insulin concentration and HOMA-IR (p = 0.05 for treatment effect). Therefore, broccoli sprouts may improve IR in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Musso G, Cassader M, Rosina F, Gambino R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabetologia 2012; 55:885-904. [PMID: 22278337 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): NAFLD causes an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and liver-related complications (the latter confined to NASH). The effect of proposed treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in NAFLD is unknown. We reviewed the evidence for the management of liver disease and cardio-metabolic risk in NAFLD. METHODS Publications through November 2011 were systematically reviewed by two authors. Outcomes evaluated though standard methods were: histological/radiological/biochemical features of NAFLD, variables of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors. Seventy-eight randomised trials were included (38 in NASH, 40 in NAFLD): 41% assessed post-treatment histology, 71% assessed glucose metabolism and 88% assessed cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle intervention, thiazolidinediones, metformin and antioxidants were most extensively evaluated. RESULTS Lifestyle-induced weight loss was safe and improved cardio-metabolic risk profile; a weight loss ≥7% improved histological disease activity, but was achieved by <50% patients. Statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids improved steatosis, but their effects on liver histology are unknown. Thiazolidinediones improved histological disease activity, glucose, lipid and inflammatory variables and delayed fibrosis progression. Pioglitazone also improved blood pressure. Weight gain (up to 4.8%) was common. Antioxidants yielded mixed histological results: vitamin E improved histological disease activity when administered for 2 years, but increased insulin resistance and plasma triacylglycerols. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Weight loss is safe, and improves liver histology and cardio-metabolic profile. For patients not responding to lifestyle intervention, pioglitazone improves histological disease activity, slows fibrosis progression and extensively ameliorates cardio-metabolic endpoints. Further randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adequate size and duration will assess long-term safety and efficacy of proposed treatments on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Musso
- Gradenigo Hospital, C.so Regina Margherita 8, Turin, Italy.
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Zhu J, Su LP, Ye L, Lee KO, Ma JH. Thymosin beta 4 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves insulin resistance of KK Cg-Ay/J mouse. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:53-9. [PMID: 22217673 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT To evaluate the efficacy of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ(4)) on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS KK mice were divided into the following groups: KK control group, with saline treatment; KK Tβ(4) group, with daily Tβ(4) 100ng/10g body weight intraperitoneal injection for 12 weeks. Non-diabetic C57BL mice were used as normal control. OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, serum adiponectin, Tβ(4), cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured before and after Tβ(4) treatment. The phosphorylated AKT and total AKT protein levels of skeletal muscle from all groups were determined. RESULTS After Tβ(4) treatment, repeat OGTT showed a significant decrease in glucose profiles in the KK Tβ(4) group compared with the KK control group. The KK-Tβ(4) group had reduced mean HbA1c and triglyceride levels, and increased adiponectin compared with KK control group. C57BL mice showed normal glucose homeostasis. The phosphorylated AKT levels of skeletal muscle were significantly increased in KK Tβ(4) group compared with KK control group after glucose stimulation. C57BL mice showed no changes in phosphorylated AKT levels after Tβ(4) treatment. CONCLUSIONS Tβ(4) improved glucose intolerance and ameliorated insulin resistance in KK mouse. Tβ(4) may be a potential alternative insulin sensitizer for treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Madonna R, De Caterina R. Aterogénesis y diabetes: resistencia a la insulina e hiperinsulinemia. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:309-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Giacco R, Della Pepa G, Luongo D, Riccardi G. Whole grain intake in relation to body weight: from epidemiological evidence to clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:901-908. [PMID: 22036468 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This viewpoint aims to 1) review the available scientific literature on the relationship between whole grain consumption and body weight regulation; 2) evaluate the potential mechanisms whereby whole grain intake may help reduce overweight and 3) try to understand why epidemiological studies and clinical trials provide diverging results on this topic. All the prospective epidemiological studies demonstrate that a higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower BMI and body weight gain. However, these results do not clarify whether whole grain consumption is simply a marker of a healthier lifestyle or a factor favoring "per se" lower body weight. Habitual whole grain consumption seems to cause lower body weight by multiple mechanisms such as lower energy density of whole grain based products, lower glycemic index, fermentation of non digestible carbohydrates (satiety signals) and finally by modulating intestinal microflora. In contrast with epidemiological evidence, the results of few clinical trials do not confirm that a whole grain low-calorie diet is more effective in reducing body weight than a refined cereal diet, but their results may have been affected by small sample size or short duration of the intervention. Therefore, further intervention studies with adequate methodology are needed to clarify this question. For the time being, whole grain consumption can be recommended as one of the features of the diet that may help control body weight but also because is associated with a lower risk to develop type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacco
- CNR-Institute of Food Science, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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