1
|
Kwak MJ, Park MY, Eor JY, Choi SW, Whang KY, Kim Y. Feed supplementation with the seaweed (Ascophllum Nodosum) extract reduces fat deposition in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103978. [PMID: 39043029 PMCID: PMC11318545 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultry industry, the strategies for elevating of protein accretion with minimizing fat deposition have been applied, and seaweed algae has been focused one of the potential candidates. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of algae (Ascophllum Nodosum) extract (AE) on the growth performance and body composition of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted to 4 dietary treatment groups and fed experimental diets containing different concentrations of AE for 35 d as follows: 0 mg/kg (control, CON), 1,250 mg/kg (LAE), 2,500 mg/kg (MAE), or 5,000 mg/kg (HAE). At the end of the experiment, 40 chickens were sacrificed and samples of their blood, breast muscle, liver, and abdominal fat were collected and analyzed. Growth performance was improved in the LAE group compared to that in the CON (P < 0.05). The weight of abdominal fat was lower in the HAE group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). Serum triglyceride levels were also decreased in the HAE group compared to those in the CON and LAE groups (P < 0.05). Adipocytes were smaller in the HAE group than in all other treatments, and their size distribution was shifted more towards smaller adipocytes compared to those in the LAE group (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissue of fatty acid synthase and stearyl-CoA desaturase, which are involved in fatty acid synthesis, were all downregulated by supplementation with AE (P < 0.05). In addition, the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma were decreased and the ratio of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase to total ACC was increased, both of which indicate that lipogenesis was suppressed (P < 0.05). Hepatic transcript levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein and its downstream enzymes fatty acid synthase and sterol-CoA desaturase were also lower in all AE treatments compared to those in the CON group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the seaweed algae (Ascophllum Nodosum) extract reduces fat accumulation in both adipose tissue and the liver by modulating lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Ju-Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harahap MA, Widodo S, Handayani UF, Altandjung RI, Wulandari, Sakti AA, Atmoko BA, Negara W, Dewi YL, Julendra H, Sofyan A, Wahyono T, Ujilestari T, Ahmed B, Qomariyah N, Sholikin MM, Baihaqi ZA. Examining performance, milk, and meat in ruminants fed with macroalgae and microalgae: A meta-analysis perspective. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:243. [PMID: 39172278 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis consolidates various related studies to identify patterns in the impact of feeding algae on performance aspects, including milk fat, milk protein, and carcass yield in several ruminant species, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The data were collected from 67 articles that examined factors such as the type of algae (macro- and microalgae), algal species, and animal breed. Barki sheep, Moghani sheep, and Zaraibi goats demonstrated an increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) when fed with both macro- and microalgae. Conversely, sheep such as Canadian Arcott and Ile-de-France showed adverse effects on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Elevated FCR values were observed across castrated and young animals (P < 0.05). Algae extract notably increased the hot carcass weight (P < 0.001), particularly among Moghani sheep (P < 0.001). Raw algae significantly reduced the milk fat content (P < 0.001), particularly in cattle and sheep (P < 0.001). A decrease in milk fat was particularly noticeable in lactating females of Assaf sheep, Damascus goats, and Holstein cows (P < 0.001). Overall, algae inclusion tended to decrease the milk protein content (P < 0.05), leading to reduced milk production (P < 0.001) with cumulative algae feeding in Assaf sheep. However, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; C18:2 c9,t11-CLA and C18:2 c12,t10-CLA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) mostly increased in meat and milk from Holstein cow, Assaf sheep, Dorset sheep, and Ile-de-France sheep (P < 0.01). This meta-analysis highlights the necessity for additional research aimed at optimizing the sustainable use of algae in feed for ruminants, despite the demonstrated improvements in performance and the levels of CLA and DHA found in meat and milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ainsyar Harahap
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Widodo
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Ulvi Fitri Handayani
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | | | - Wulandari
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Awistaros Angger Sakti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Andri Atmoko
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Yelsi Listiana Dewi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Hardi Julendra
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Sofyan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Tegoh Wahyono
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Tri Ujilestari
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Undergraduate Student from Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Zein Ahmad Baihaqi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wanapat M, Prachumchai R, Dagaew G, Matra M, Phupaboon S, Sommai S, Suriyapha C. Potential use of seaweed as a dietary supplement to mitigate enteric methane emission in ruminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:173015. [PMID: 38710388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine algae exhibit diverse morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical compositions, encompassing various species, including red, green, and brown seaweeds. Several seaweeds have received increased research attention and application in animal feeding investigations, particularly in ruminant livestock, due to their higher yield and convenient harvestability at present. Recent endeavors encompassing both in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated that many seaweeds, particularly red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis and Asparagopsis armata), contain plant secondary compounds, such as halogenated compounds and phlorotannins, with the potential to reduce enteric ruminal methane (CH4) emissions by up to 99 % when integrated into ruminant diets. This review provides an encompassing exploration of the existing body of knowledge concerning seaweeds and their impact on rumen fermentation, the toxicity of ruminal microbes, the health of animals, animal performance, and enteric ruminal CH4 emissions in both in vitro and in vivo settings among ruminants. By attaining a deeper comprehension of the implications of seaweed supplementation on rumen fermentation, animal productivity, and ruminal CH4 emissions, we could lay the groundwork for devising innovative strategies. These strategies aim to simultaneously achieve environmental benefits, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance animal efficiency, and develop aquaculture and seaweed production systems, ensuring a high-quality and consistent supply chain. Nevertheless, future research is essential to elucidate the extent of the effect and gain insight into the mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaichana Suriyapha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Archer GS. Evaluation of an Extract Derived from the Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum to Reduce the Negative Effects of Heat Stress on Broiler Growth and Stress Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020259. [PMID: 36670798 PMCID: PMC9854445 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one on the main welfare issues that broiler chickens face and it can lead not only to decreased welfare but production as well. The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum has demonstrated the ability in several species to decrease body temperature and affect immune function. To determine whether adding an extract of this seaweed into the diet of broiler chickens would decrease the negative effects of prolong heat stress on broiler growth, a study was conducted. Broilers were fed a control diet with the seaweed extract added at a rate of 0.5 kg/metric ton of feed throughout a 42-day growout or just a control diet. Half of each feed treatment was exposed to two weeks of heat stress (35 °C for 16 h/day) starting at d28 and continued until the end of the trial. Therefore, there were four treatments: a control non-stressed (CNS), control heat stressed (CHS), seaweed-supplemented non-stressed (SWNS), and seaweed-supplemented heat stressed (SWHS). To determine stress susceptibility, the following measures were collected: bilateral asymmetry (ASYM, n = 60), heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (HL, n = 24), plasma heat shock protein 70 (HSP70, n = 24) and plasma corticosterone concentrations (CORT, n = 24). Feed conversion, uniformity and weight gain were also determined. The CHS birds had higher (p < 0.05) CORT, ASYM, HSP70 and HL than the CNS, SWNS and SWHS birds. The CNS and SWNS birds did not differ (p > 0.05) in body weight at d42 but they were both heavier (p < 0.05) than in both the heat-stressed treatments. Furthermore, the CHS weighed less (p < 0.05) that the SWHS birds. The non-heat-stressed treatments did not differ (p > 0.05) from each other in FCR, however the two heat-stressed treatments did differ (p < 0.05) from each other in FCR, with the SWHS birds having better FCR than the CHS birds. Heat stress affected bird uniformity with non-heat-stressed treatments having more (p < 0.05) uniformity of body weights within a pen than the heat stress treatments. These results demonstrate that adding this seaweed extract to the feed of poultry can reduce their stress during a prolonged heat stress event, though it had no effect on growth or feed conversion. This feed additive could be used to improve the welfare of poultry during heat stress events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Archer
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Lactobacillus fermented plant products on dairy cow health, production, and environmental impact. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Ahvanooei MRR, Norouzian MA, Vahmani P. Beneficial Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Peptides on Strengthening the Immune System Against COVID-19 and the Role of Cow's Milk in the Supply of These Nutrients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4664-4677. [PMID: 34837602 PMCID: PMC8627168 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans, has become a global health concern and is spreading rapidly. At present, the most important issue associated with COVID-19 is the immune system and the factors that affect it. It is well known that cow's milk is highly rich in micronutrients that increase and strengthen the immune system. Research shows that the administration of these nutrients is very effective in fighting COVID-19, and a deficiency in any of them can be a weakness in the fight against the virus. On the other hand, cow's milk is accessible to the whole population, and drinking colostrum, raw, and micro-filtered milk from cows vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 could provide individuals with short-term protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection until vaccines become commercially available. This review aimed to discuss the effects of milk vitamins, minerals, and bioactive peptides on general health in humans to combat viral diseases, especially COVID-19, and to what extent cow's milk consumption plays a role in providing these metabolites. Cow's milk contains many bioactive compounds that include vitamins, minerals, biogenic amines, nucleotides, oligosaccharides, organic acids, and immunoglobulins. Humans can meet a significant portion of their requirements for vitamins and minerals through the consumption of cow's milk. Recent studies have shown that micronutrients such as vitamins D, E, B, C, and A as well as minerals Zn, Cu, Mg, I, and Se and bioactive peptides, each can have positive and significant effects on strengthening the immune system and general health in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Rezaei Ahvanooei
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Norouzian
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2251 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quitério E, Soares C, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Marine Health-Promoting Compounds: Recent Trends for Their Characterization and Human Applications. Foods 2021; 10:3100. [PMID: 34945651 PMCID: PMC8702156 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds represent a rich source of biologically active compounds with several applications, especially in the food, cosmetics, and medical fields. The beneficial effects of marine compounds on health have been increasingly explored, making them an excellent choice for the design of functional foods. When studying marine compounds, several aspects must be considered: extraction, identification and quantification methods, purification steps, and processes to increase their stability. Advanced green techniques have been used to extract these valuable compounds, and chromatographic methods have been developed to identify and quantify them. However, apart from the beneficial effects of seaweeds for human health, these natural sources of bioactive compounds can also accumulate undesirable toxic elements with potential health risks. Applying purification techniques of extracts from seaweeds may mitigate the amount of excessive toxic components, ensuring healthy and safer products for commercialization. Furthermore, limitations such as stability and bioavailability problems, chemical degradation reactions during storage, and sensitivity to oxidation and photo-oxidation, need to be overcome using, for example, nanoencapsulation techniques. Here we summarize recent advances in all steps of marine products identification and purification and highlight selected human applications, including food and feed applications, cosmetic, human health, and fertilizers, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Quitério
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
| | - Cristina Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (E.Q.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.-M.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123539. [PMID: 34944316 PMCID: PMC8698153 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress is a persistent challenge for livestock producers. Molecular changes throughout the body that result from sustained heat stress slow muscle growth and thus are detrimental to carcass yield and value. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress because their confinement limits their ability to pursue shade and other natural cooling behaviors. Changes in infrastructure to reduce the impact of heat stress are often cost-prohibitive, but recent studies have revealed that anti-inflammatory therapies may help to improve growth deficits in heat-stressed animals. This review describes the conditions that cause heat stress and explains the role of inflammation in muscle growth impairment. Additionally, it discusses the potential for several natural anti-inflammatory dietary additives to improve muscle growth outcomes in heat-stressed livestock. Abstract Heat stress is detrimental to well-being and growth performance in livestock, and systemic inflammation arising during chronic heat stress contributes to these poor outcomes. Sustained exposure of muscle and other tissues to inflammation can impair the cellular processes that facilitate muscle growth and intramuscular fat deposition, thus reducing carcass quality and yield. Climate change is expected to produce more frequent extreme heat events, increasing the potential impact of heat stress on sustainable livestock production. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress, as confinement limits their ability to seek cooling from the shade, water, or breeze. Economically practical options to circumvent heat stress in feedlot animals are limited, but understanding the mechanistic role of inflammation in heat stress outcomes may provide the basis for treatment strategies to improve well-being and performance. Feedlot animals receive formulated diets daily, which provides an opportunity to administer oral nutraceuticals and other bioactive products to mitigate heat stress-induced inflammation. In this review, we examine the complex associations between heat stress, systemic inflammation, and dysregulated muscle growth in meat animals. We also present evidence for potential nutraceutical and dietary moderators of inflammation and how they might improve the unique pathophysiology of heat stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Min BR, Parker D, Brauer D, Waldrip H, Lockard C, Hales K, Akbay A, Augyte S. The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1371-1387. [PMID: 34786510 PMCID: PMC8581222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroalgae, which can be of many different morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical profiles. They include brown, red, and green seaweeds. Brown seaweeds have been more investigated and exploited in comparison to other seaweed types for their use in animal feeding studies due to their large sizes and ease of harvesting. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that plant secondary compound-containing seaweeds (e.g., halogenated compounds, phlorotannins, etc.) have the potential to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants when added to the diets of beef and dairy cattle. Red seaweeds including Asparagopsis spp. are rich in crude protein and halogenated compounds compared to brown and green seaweeds. When halogenated-containing red seaweeds are used as the active ingredient in ruminant diets, bromoform concentration can be used as an indicator of anti-methanogenic properties. Phlorotannin-containing brown seaweed has also the potential to decrease CH4 production. However, numerous studies examined the possible anti-methanogenic effects of marine seaweeds with inconsistent results. This work reviews existing data associated with seaweeds and in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation, animal performance, and enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants. Increased understanding of the seaweed supplementation related to rumen fermentation and its effect on animal performance and CH4 emissions in ruminants may lead to novel strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving animal productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeng R. Min
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - David Parker
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - David Brauer
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Heidi Waldrip
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Catherine Lockard
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Kristin Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Costa M, Cardoso C, Afonso C, Bandarra NM, Prates JAM. Current knowledge and future perspectives of the use of seaweeds for livestock production and meat quality: a systematic review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1075-1102. [PMID: 33660883 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary macroalgae, or seaweeds, on growth performance and meat quality of livestock animal species are here reviewed. Macroalgae are classified into Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Rhodophyceae (red algae) and Chlorophyceae (green algae). The most common macroalga genera used as livestock feedstuffs are: Ascophyllum, Laminaria and Undaria for brown algae; Ulva, Codium and Cladophora for green algae; and Pyropia, Chondrus and Palmaria for red algae. Macroalgae are rich in many nutrients, including bioactive compounds, such as soluble polysaccharides, with some species being good sources of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To date, the incorporation of macroalgae in livestock animal diets was shown to improve growth and meat quality, depending on the alga species, dietary level and animal growth stage. Generally, Ascophyllum nodosum can increase average daily gain (ADG) in ruminant and pig mostly due to its prebiotic activity in animal's gut. A. nodosum also enhances marbling score, colour uniformity and redness, and can decrease saturated fatty acids in ruminant meats. Laminaria sp., mainly Laminaria digitata, increases ADG and feed efficiency, and improves the antioxidant potential of pork. Ulva sp., and its mixture with Codium sp., was shown to improve poultry growth at up to 10% feed. Therefore, seaweeds are promising sustainable alternatives to corn and soybean as feed ingredients, thus attenuating the current competition among food-feed-biofuel industries. In addition, macroalgae can hinder eutrophication and participate in bioremediation. However, some challenges need to be overcome, such as the development of large-scale and cost-effective algae production methods and the improvement of algae digestibility by monogastric animals. The dietary inclusion of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) could allow for the degradation of recalcitrant macroalga cell walls, with an increase of nutrients bioavailability. Overall, the use of macroalgae as feedstuffs is a promising strategy for the development of a more sustainable livestock production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- DivAV - Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han H, Yamanaka S, Tsukahara T, Hotta Y, Takagi T, Kumagai H. In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of gum arabic under concentrate and forage substrate conditions. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13651. [PMID: 34708482 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) has potential rumen modifier functions. This is the first study to investigate the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of GA. Rumen fluid was collected from ruminal fistulated wethers; rolled barley and ryegrass straw were used as substrates for concentrate and forage conditions, respectively. Besides incubating with the substrates alone (control), GA or potato starch (PS) was added at 0.2%, 1.0%, and 2.0% along with substrates. Under the concentrate substrate condition, GA treatments showed higher total gas production in 24-h incubation, but lower methane production in 24- and 48-h incubation compared with PS treatments (p < 0.05). The 1.0% and 2.0% GA and 0.2% and 1.0% PS treatments showed higher dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and lower NH3 -N, and higher short chain fatty acid concentrations compared with the control at 24-h incubation (p < 0.05). The GA treatments also showed a lower acetate/propionate ratio than PS treatments at 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). Under the forage substrate condition, the treatment effects were not significant, except for a higher proportion of propionate with GA than with PS at 24 and 48 h of incubations. We thus concluded that GA supplement may exert potential rumen modifier effects particularly under concentrate feeding condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Hotta
- Business Promotion Department, Shima Trading Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuji Takagi
- Business Promotion Department, Shima Trading Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lean IJ, Golder HM, Grant TMD, Moate PJ. A meta-analysis of effects of dietary seaweed on beef and dairy cattle performance and methane yield. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249053. [PMID: 34252114 PMCID: PMC8274914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in the use of red seaweed, and in particular Asparagopsis taxiformis, to increase production of cattle and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesized that feeding seaweed or seaweed derived products would increase beef or dairy cattle performance as indicated by average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency measures, milk production, and milk constituents, and reduce methane emissions. We used meta-analytical methods to evaluate these hypotheses. A comprehensive search of Google Scholar, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science produced 14 experiments from which 23 comparisons of treatment effects could be evaluated. Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) were the dominant seaweeds used. There were no effects of treatment on ADG or dry matter intake (DMI). While there was an increase in efficiency for feed to gain by 0.38 kg per kg [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.56; P = 0.001] on DerSimonian and Laird (D&L) evaluation, neither outcome was significant using the more rigorous robust regression analysis (P >0.06). The type of seaweed used was not a significant covariable for ADG and DMI, but A. nodosum fed cattle had lesser feed to gains efficiency compared to those fed A. taxiformis. Milk production was increased with treatment on weighted mean difference (WMD; 1.35 ± 0.44 kg/d; P <0.001); however, the SMD of 0.45 was not significant (P = 0.111). Extremely limited data suggest the possibility of increased percentages of milk fat (P = 0.040) and milk protein (P = 0.001) on (D&L) WMD evaluation. The limited data available indicate dietary supplementation with seaweed produced a significant and substantial reduction in methane yield by 5.28 ± 3.5 g/kg DMI (P = 0.003) on D&L WMD evaluation and a D&L SMD of -1.70 (P = 0.001); however, there was marked heterogeneity in the results (I2 > 80%). In one comparison, methane yield was reduced by 97%. We conclude that while there was evidence of potential for benefit from seaweed use to improve production and reduce methane yield more in vivo experiments are required to strengthen the evidence of effect and identify sources of heterogeneity in methane response, while practical applications and potential risks are evaluated for seaweed use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Lean
- Scibus, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen M. Golder
- Scibus, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tianna M. D. Grant
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.
Collapse
|
14
|
Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Weisbjerg MR, Vestergaard M, Hernández-Castellano LE. Milk supplemented with dried seaweed affects the systemic innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3575-3584. [PMID: 33455754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intact seaweed or seaweed extracts are used as feed supplements to improve the gut microbiome in young animals. Seaweeds provide functional polysaccharides, and they are a good source of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, all of which are relevant for immune system development. However, literature on the effects of dried seaweed supplementation on immune system development is limited, especially in calves. This experiment aimed to study the effect of feeding milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca, Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima on the systemic immune status of preweaning dairy calves. Forty male Holstein calves with birth body weight 41 ± 4 kg and plasma Brix percentage ≥8.7% at d 2 after birth were used in this study. Calves were fed 4 L of cow milk twice a day (total 8 L/d). From d 2 to d 28, calves in the control group (n = 10) received milk without seaweed supplementation. Over the same period, experimental calves received milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca (SW1; n = 10), Ascophyllum nodosum (SW2; n = 10), or Saccharina latissima (SW3, n = 10). Dried and ground seaweeds were offered at a daily allowance of 50 g/8 L of milk (i.e., approximately 5% inclusion rate on a dry matter basis). Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein on d 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after birth. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, and acute-phase proteins (i.e., serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin) were measured. We detected no differences in average daily gain, plasma immunoglobulins, albumin, or total protein. However, the contrast analysis revealed that plasma concentrations of fibrinogen (SW1 and SW2) and serum amyloid A (SW2 and SW3) were significantly higher in the seaweed groups compared with the control group. We also found a tendency for high plasma haptoglobin in the seaweed groups (SW1 and SW2) compared with the control group. Differences in acute-phase protein concentrations could be partially explained by the large differences in micromineral intake between control and seaweed-supplemented calves. Feeding milk supplemented with dried seaweed increased plasma concentrations of variables related to the innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farid AH, Smith NJ, White MB. Effects of dietary kelp (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on survival rate and reproductive performance of mink challenged with Aleutian mink disease virus. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) has negative effects on reproductive performance and survival rate of American mink (Neovison vison). The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of kelp (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on survival, growth rate, and reproductive performance of mink challenged with AMDV. AMDV-free female black mink (n = 75) were intranasally inoculated with a local AMDV strain. Mink were fed a commercial pellet supplemented with 1.5% or 0.75% kelp or were kept as controls (received no kelp) for 451 d. Body weight and rectal temperature were recorded on days 0, 31, 56, 99, 155, 366, and 451 post inoculation (PI). Annual mortality rates were 13.6%, 20.0%, and 31.8% for mink fed 1.5%, 0.75%, or 0.0% kelp, respectively (P = 0.29). Mink which were fed 1.5% kelp had a significantly (P < 0.01) greater daily weight loss during breeding and post-breeding periods (days 155–366 PI), and outperformed (P < 0.01) the other groups in regard to litter sizes at birth and weaning. Differences among treatments were not significant for the number of females mated, or whelped of those exposed to males, kit survival from birth to weaning, or rectal temperature. It was concluded that 1.5% kelp supplementation had beneficial effects on survival rate of adult mink and litter size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Nancy J. Smith
- Perennia Food and Agriculture, Bible Hill, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Margot B. White
- Perennia Food and Agriculture, Bible Hill, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Air-Dried Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alters the Rumen Microbiome in a Manner That Changes Rumen Fermentation Profiles and Lowers the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00017-18. [PMID: 29404417 PMCID: PMC5793039 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00017-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining product safety and reducing the carbon footprint of production are two sustainability goals of the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to study the impact of Tasco, a product derived from the brown macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum, on the rumen microbiome and its function. The inclusion of Tasco altered both rumen and fecal microbiota levels without affecting rumen fermentation. Tasco reduced fecal Escherichia coli populations and specifically reduced the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O45, O103, O111, and O121 in feces. The findings of this study highlight the application of Tasco as a potential feed additive to reduce pathogen shedding in rams without interfering with ruminal metabolism. The use of Tasco (air-dried Ascophyllum nodosum) as a feed supplement for ruminants has been reported to affect rumen fermentation and reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in feces, but the mode of action behind this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, the effects of four Tasco levels (0, 1, 3, and 5%) on rumen microbiota and rumen/fecal E. coli O serogroups in rams were investigated. Rumen total bacteria and archaea were linearly reduced (P < 0.001) and protozoa were linearly increased (P < 0.001) by increasing levels of Tasco. The relative abundances of seven bacterial species and one protozoal species differed among Tasco levels. With Tasco, 14 predicted metabolic pathways were enriched while only 3 were suppressed. A lower ruminal butyrate concentration is possibly associated with enrichment of the “butanoate metabolism” pathway in Tasco-fed rams. The ruminal total E. coli population was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) by Tasco. Supplementation with Tasco only completely eliminated O121 in the rumen and feces, and higher levels of Tasco (3 and 5%) reduced fecal shedding of serogroups O45, O103, and O111 even though these serogroups were present in the rumen. Our results suggest that Tasco effectively reduced pathogenic E. coli but had only minimal impacts on rumen fermentation in rams. IMPORTANCE Maintaining product safety and reducing the carbon footprint of production are two sustainability goals of the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to study the impact of Tasco, a product derived from the brown macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum, on the rumen microbiome and its function. The inclusion of Tasco altered both rumen and fecal microbiota levels without affecting rumen fermentation. Tasco reduced fecal Escherichia coli populations and specifically reduced the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O45, O103, O111, and O121 in feces. The findings of this study highlight the application of Tasco as a potential feed additive to reduce pathogen shedding in rams without interfering with ruminal metabolism.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bleakley S, Hayes M. Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production. Foods 2017; 6:E33. [PMID: 28445408 PMCID: PMC5447909 DOI: 10.3390/foods6050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth combined with increasingly limited resources of arable land and fresh water has resulted in a need for alternative protein sources. Macroalgae (seaweed) and microalgae are examples of under-exploited "crops". Algae do not compete with traditional food crops for space and resources. This review details the characteristics of commonly consumed algae, as well as their potential for use as a protein source based on their protein quality, amino acid composition, and digestibility. Protein extraction methods applied to algae to date, including enzymatic hydrolysis, physical processes, and chemical extraction and novel methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric field, and microwave-assisted extraction are discussed. Moreover, existing protein enrichment methods used in the dairy industry and the potential of these methods to generate high value ingredients from algae, such as bioactive peptides and functional ingredients are discussed. Applications of algae in human nutrition, animal feed, and aquaculture are examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bleakley
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health and Environment, Sustainability and Health Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chaves Lopez C, Serio A, Rossi C, Mazzarrino G, Marchetti S, Castellani F, Grotta L, Fiorentino FP, Paparella A, Martino G. Effect of diet supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum on cow milk composition and microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6285-6297. [PMID: 27320666 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency remains a major public health concern in many countries, including some European regions. This study aimed at understanding the effect of a supplement of marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum as a iodine fortifier in the cow diet, on the compositional and microbiological quality of milk. The results obtained in this work indicated that the dietary inclusion of A. nodosum exerted significant effects on cow milk composition. In particular, it increased iodine content and reduced the quantity of free amino acids without modifying the free fatty acid content. From a microbiological point of view, statistically significant differences were found in presumptive mesophilic lactobacilli, mesophilic lactococci, and Pseudomonas spp. counts. Based on a culture-independent method, milk obtained after dietary inclusion of A. nodosum harbored the highest number of Firmicutes (e.g., Lactococcus lactis) and the lowest number of Proteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas). In addition to changes in bacterial population, diet supplementation with A. nodosum changed the catabolic profiles of the milk community, according to Biolog Ecoplate (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) results. The results of this study suggest that the dietary inclusion of the marine alga A. nodosum led to an improvement of the iodine content in milk, and to a modification of its microbiota with a positive effect on milk hygiene and transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemencia Chaves Lopez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Giovanni Mazzarrino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Sonia Marchetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Federica Castellani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Francesco Paolo Fiorentino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Makkar HP, Tran G, Heuzé V, Giger-Reverdin S, Lessire M, Lebas F, Ankers P. Seaweeds for livestock diets: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Islam MM, Ahmed ST, Mun HS, Kim YB, Yang CJ. Effect of fermented seaweed by-product supplementation on reproduction of Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their calves. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of fermented seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) by-product (FSB) on colostrum composition and immunoglobulin level in breeding Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their suckling calves. A total of 32 breeding Hanwoo cows with different parities were assigned to Control (basal diet) and FSB (basal diet + 10% FSB) dietary groups in a randomised block design for 2 months before parturition until weaning of their calves. Calves with FSB supplementation had greater weaning weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation increased calf serum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity (P < 0.05), whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities on Days 15 and 45. The immunoglobulin M level increased on Day 15 in the first parity and on Day 45 in the second to fourth parities (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased on Day 45 in the first parity (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation also elevated moisture, crude fat and crude protein content whereas it reduced the total solids content in colostrum for both parities (P < 0.05). Colostrum immunoglobulin G level was also increased in the first parity, whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities in FSB supplementation (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary FSB supplementation increased suckling calves weaning weight, average daily gain, serum immunoglobulin G level and colostrum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity. Moreover, moisture, crude fat and crude protein content of colostrum were elevated significantly in both parities in breeding Hanwoo cows. Therefore, FSB can be used as a functional feed additive to the basal diet in breeding Hanwoo cows.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Hong ZS, Kim EJ, Jin YC, Lee JS, Choi YJ, Lee HG. Effects of Supplementing Brown Seaweed By-products in the Diet of Holstein Cows during Transition on Ruminal Fermentation, Growth Performance and Endocrine Responses. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1296-302. [PMID: 26323519 PMCID: PMC4554870 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing brown seaweed by-products (BSB) in the diet of ruminants on ruminal fermentation characteristics, growth performance, endocrine response, and milk production in Holstein cows. In Experiment 1, the effects of different levels (0%, 2%, and 4% of basal diet as Control, 2% BSB, 4% BSB, respectively) of BSB were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h in vitro batch culture rumen fermentation. The pH tended to be higher for the higher level of BSB supplementation, with the pH at 12 h being significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was lower at 3, 9, 12, and 24 h incubation (p<0.05) compared with the control, and tended to be low at other incubation times. Volatile fatty acid concentration appeared to be minimally changed while lower values were observed with 4% BSB treatment at 24 h (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, effects of levels (0%, 2%, and 4%) of BSB on growth performance, endocrine responses and milk production were studied with Holstein dairy cows during transition. Dry matter intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by BSB supplementation. The concentration of plasma estrogen for the control, 2% BSB and 4% BSB after three months of pregnancy were 55.7, 94.1, and 72.3 pg/mL, respectively (p = 0.08). Although the differences of progesterone levels between BSB treatments and the control were minimal, the concentration in 4% BSB treatment increased to 157.7% compared with the initial level of the study. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were also higher after both three months and eight months of pregnancy than the initial level at the beginning of the study. In addition, BSB treatments during one month after delivery did not affect daily milk yield and composition. In conclusion, the present results indicate that supplementation of BSB did not compromise ruminal fermentation, and animal performance at lower levels and hence may have potential to be used as a safe feed ingredient in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea
| | - Y C Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antaya NT, Soder KJ, Kraft J, Whitehouse NL, Guindon NE, Erickson PS, Conroy AB, Brito AF. Incremental amounts of Ascophyllum nodosum meal do not improve animal performance but do increase milk iodine output in early lactation dairy cows fed high-forage diets. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1991-2004. [PMID: 25547299 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incremental amounts of Ascophyllum nodosum meal (ANOD) on milk production, milk composition including fatty acids and I, blood metabolites, and nutrient intake and digestibility in early lactation dairy cows fed high-forage diets. Twelve multiparous Jersey cows averaging (mean±standard deviation) 40±21 d in milk and 464±35 kg of body weight and 4 primiparous Jersey cows averaging 75±37 d in milk and 384±17kg of body weight were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design. Each period lasted 21 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. Cows were fed a total mixed ration (64:36 forage-to-concentrate ratio) supplemented (as fed) with 0, 57, 113, or 170 g/d of ANOD. Milk yield as well as concentrations and yields of milk components (fat, protein, lactose, milk urea N) were not affected by increasing dietary amounts of ANOD. Concentration (from 178 to 1,370 µg/L) and yield (from 2.8 to 20.6 mg/d) of milk I increased linearly in cows fed incremental amounts of ANOD as a result of the high concentration of I (820 mg/kg of dry matter) in ANOD. Overall, only minor changes were observed in the proportion of milk fatty acids with ANOD supplementation. Quadratic trends were observed for dry matter intake and total-tract digestibilities of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, whereas negative linear trends were observed for serum concentration of cortisol and crude protein digestibility with ANOD supplementation. Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were not affected by ANOD supplementation and averaged 1.1 and 48.4 ng/mL, respectively. However, feeding increasing amounts of ANOD linearly reduced the plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (from 164 to 132 mEq/L). Quadratic effects were found for the total-tract digestibility of ADF and urinary output of purine derivatives, suggesting that ANOD supplementation may stimulate growth of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in a dose-dependent fashion. In general, feeding incremental amounts of ANOD to early lactation dairy cows dramatically increased milk I concentration and output with no effect on animal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Antaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - K J Soder
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802
| | - J Kraft
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - N L Whitehouse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - N E Guindon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - P S Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - A B Conroy
- Thompson School of Applied Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kandasamy S, Khan W, Evans FD, Critchley AT, Zhang J, Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Gardiner VA, Prithiviraj B. A fucose containing polymer-rich fraction from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum mediates lifespan increase and thermal-tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans, by differential effects on gene and protein expression. Food Funct 2014; 5:275-84. [PMID: 24323434 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The extracts of the brown alga, Ascophyllum nodosum, which contains several bioactive compounds, have been shown to impart biotic and abiotic stress tolerance properties when consumed by animals. However, the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism underlying such effects remain elusive. We investigated the effect of A. nodosum fucose-containing polymer (FCP) on tolerance to thermally induced stress using the invertebrate animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. FCP at a concentration of 150 μg mL(-1) significantly improved the life span and tolerance against thermally induced stress in C. elegans. The treatment increased the C. elegans survival by approximately 24%, when the animals were under severe thermally induced stress (i.e. 35 °C) and 27% under mild stress (i.e. 30 °C) conditions. The FCP induced differential expression of genes and proteins is associated with stress response pathways. Under thermal stress, FCP treatment significantly altered the expression of 65 proteins (54 up-regulated & 11 down-regulated). Putative functional analysis of FCP-induced differential proteins signified an association of altered proteins in stress-related molecular and biochemical pathways of the model worm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saveetha Kandasamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS B2B 5E3, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Samara EM, Okab AB, Abdoun KA, El-Waziry AM, Al-Haidary AA. Subsequent influences of feeding intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca to growing lambs on the seminal and testicular characteristics in rams. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5654-67. [PMID: 24146153 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to investigate the subsequent influences of supplementing different levels of intact green seaweed Ulva lactuca (0%, 3%, and 5% DM) to growing sexually immature lambs during the growth period (74 d) on the seminal and testicular characteristics of sexually mature rams. Ulva lactuca was manually collected, adequately prepared, and then incorporated into lambs' diets. Eighteen male 3-mo-old lambs of the Awassi breed with a mean BW of 22.57 kg (SD = 1.08) were randomly assigned into treatments. The obtained results indicate that offering Ulva lactuca at the level of 3% or 5% DM to lambs during the growth period had no subsequent impacts (P > 0.05) on liver and kidney functions as well as blood water balance in rams, thereby suggesting that Ulva lactuca can be safely supplemented to lambs during growing. However, our findings point out that feeding a lamb diet supplemented with intact Ulva lactuca failed to demonstrate any subsequent benefit (P > 0.05) on the growth performance, thermoregulatory responses, and plasma oxidative status in rams. Above all, it was clearly evident that supplementing intact Ulva lactuca to lambs had demonstrated subsequent negative influences (P < 0.05) on seminal and testicular characteristics of rams, more noticeably observed at the 5% DM inclusion rate than at 3%. These results were manifested by the inferior (P < 0.05) seminal quality, reduced (P < 0.05) testicular morphometry, changes (P < 0.05) in testicular histopathology, defective (P < 0.05) endocrine signaling, and increased (P < 0.05) seminal oxidative stress in rams fed diets supplemented with Ulva lactuca during the growth period compared to control rams. The deleterious impacts of feeding intact Ulva lactuca on spermatogenesis and germ cell loss were proven to be attributed to the dysfunction of Sertoli cells. Collectively, these results provide novel insights on the subsequent influences of dietary supplementation of intact Ulva lactuca to lambs. The consistent evidence of profound negative impacts on seminal and testicular characteristics as well as the resulting data of no improvement of subsequent growth, thermoregulation, and plasma oxidative status in rams prompts us to tentatively recommend the avoidance of feeding intact Ulva lactuca to lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dubois B, Tomkins NW, D. Kinley R, Bai M, Seymour S, A. Paul N, Nys RD. Effect of Tropical Algae as Additives on Rumen <i>in Vitro</i> Gas Production and Fermentation Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.412a2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Kandasamy S, Fan D, Sangha JS, Khan W, Evans F, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. Tasco(®), a product of Ascophyllum nodosum, imparts thermal stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2256-2282. [PMID: 22163185 PMCID: PMC3229234 DOI: 10.3390/md9112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasco(®), a commercial product manufactured from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, has been shown to impart thermal stress tolerance in animals. We investigated the physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of this induced thermal stress tolerance using the invertebrate animal model, Caenorhabiditis elegans. Tasco(®) water extract (TWE) at 300 μg/mL significantly enhanced thermal stress tolerance as well as extended the life span of C. elegans. The mean survival rate of the model animals under thermal stress (35 °C) treated with 300 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL TWE, respectively, was 68% and 71% higher than the control animals. However, the TWE treatments did not affect the nematode body length, fertility or the cellular localization of daf-16. On the contrary, TWE under thermal stress significantly increased the pharyngeal pumping rate in treated animals compared to the control. Treatment with TWE also showed differential protein expression profiles over control following 2D gel-electrophoresis analysis. Furthermore, TWE significantly altered the expression of at least 40 proteins under thermal stress; among these proteins 34 were up-regulated while six were down-regulated. Mass spectroscopy analysis of the proteins altered by TWE treatment revealed that these proteins were related to heat stress tolerance, energy metabolism and a muscle structure related protein. Among them heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, saposin-like proteins 20, myosin regulatory light chain 1, cytochrome c oxidase RAS-like, GTP-binding protein RHO A, OS were significantly up-regulated, while eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 OS, 60S ribosomal protein L18 OS, peroxiredoxin protein 2 were down regulated by TWE treatment. These results were further validated by gene expression and reporter gene expression analyses. Overall results indicate that the water soluble components of Tasco(®) imparted thermal stress tolerance in the C. elegans by altering stress related biochemical pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saveetha Kandasamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Jatinder Singh Sangha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Wajahatullah Khan
- Genome Research Chair Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Franklin Evans
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Acadian Seaplants Limited, 30 Brown Avenue, Dartmouth NS B3B 1X8, Canada; E-Mails: (F.E.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2B 5E3, Canada; E-Mails: (S.K.); (D.F.); (J.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Caldwell JD, Coffey KP, Coblentz WK, Jennings JA, Hubbell DS, Kreider DL, Looper ML, Galloway DL, Kegley EB, Rosenkrans CF. Weaning and post-weaning performance by fall-born beef calves weaned on different dates in the spring from Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodine, thymus, and immunity. Nutrition 2009; 25:977-9. [PMID: 19647627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
31
|
|
32
|
He ML, Wang Y, You JS, Mir PS, McAllister TA. Effect of a seaweed extract on fatty acid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Lipids 2009; 44:125-32. [PMID: 18982374 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was to determine the effect of a seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum extract (SE) containing 220 mg g(-1) phlorotannins on differentiation and fatty acid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells (2 x 10(4) mL(-1)) were seeded to 24-well plates and proliferated to reach confluence and then were treated with media containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mug mL(-1) SE for 8 days. Dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) were added to the media in the first 2 days to induce cell differentiation. On day 8 the adipocytes were harvested for measuring cellular fatty acid concentration and the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). It was found that treatment with SE increased (P < 0.01, n = 6) cellular myristoleic acid (C14:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) without significantly affecting the cell number and saturated fatty acid (SFA). Ratios of MUFA/SFA, C14:1/C14:0, C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 in cellular lipids increased (P < 0.05, n = 6) with the SE treatment in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.001). Treatment with 75 microg mL(-1) SE depressed (P < 0.05) cellular GPDH activity. The results indicate that the biological factors in the SE may be involved in differentiation and MUFA accumulation in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L He
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Coffey K, Coblentz W, Hellwig D, Popp M, Smith T, Hubbell D, Scarbrough D, Humphry J, Turner J, Johnson Z, Rosenkrans C. Weaning and post-weaning performance by fall-born calves weaned on different dates from endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures managed with two different rotation frequencies. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Wang Y, Xu Z, Bach S, McAllister T. Effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on in vitro ruminal digestion of mixed forage or barley grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Bach S, Wang Y, McAllister T. Effect of feeding sun-dried seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by feedlot cattle and on growth performance of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
36
|
Impacts of feeding several components of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on transported lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
37
|
Kannan G, Saker K, Terrill T, Kouakou B, Galipalli S, Gelaye S. Effect of seaweed extract supplementation in goats exposed to simulated preslaughter stress. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Braden KW, Blanton JR, Montgomery JL, van Santen E, Allen VG, Miller MF. Tasco supplementation: effects on carcass characteristics, sensory attributes, and retail display shelf-life. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:754-68. [PMID: 17296779 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred crossbred cattle (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) were supplemented with 2% Tasco (Ascophyllum nodosum) in a commercial finishing facility to evaluate marbling score, USDA quality grade, sensory traits, and retail display shelf life. Treatment animals (n = 100) received a steam-rolled corn (Zea mays)-based diet containing 2% Tasco meal (DM basis), for 14 d beginning at d 45 of the finishing period and again 14 d before slaughter. Control animals (n = 100) received a steam-rolled corn (Zea mays)-based diet without Tasco at identical feeding periods. Carcasses from Tasco-fed cattle exhibited greater marbling scores (P = 0.003) than controls. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.05) on sensory, shear, or purge attributes of striploin or inside round steaks with the exception of inside round steaks from Tasco animals having a greater initial tenderness (P = 0.03) and lower off-flavor score (P = 0.002) than control steaks. The LM samples from Tasco-fed cattle had a greater percentage of ether extractable fat (P = 0.001) and lower percentage of protein (P = 0.001) than controls. Inside round samples from treated animals exhibited a greater percentage of moisture (P = 0.03) than control steaks. Visual lean color of striploin steaks was not affected by Tasco supplementation (P = 0.26); however, steaks from Tasco-treated animals were more uniform and had less discoloration and browning than those from controls (P = 0.005, 0.04, and 0.05, respectively). Inside round visual scores and instrument values reflected similar treatment responses (P < 0.05), with a majority of the effects on muscle redness (CIE a*, hue angle) and measures of discoloration. Tasco steaks were generally more red and less discolored during extended postmortem aging and retail exposure (P < 0.05). The results from this study indicate that short-term supplementation of 2% Tasco meal in feedlot cattle increases carcass quality and prolonged retail shelf life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Braden
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2162, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Archer GS, Friend TH, Caldwell D, Ameiss K, Krawczel PD. Effect of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on lambs during forced walking and transport. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:225-32. [PMID: 17179560 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding Ascophyllum nodosum (ANOD) to lambs at 0 (control), 0.5, 1, or 2% of DMI/d for 2 wk on lamb physiology in response to forced walking and transport during hot weather. Forty-four lambs (26 kg +/- 4.3) were used, and each lamb swallowed 3 gelatin capsules filled with ANOD or their normal 16% CP, pelleted grain ration twice daily, with the amount of ANOD dependent on the treatment. The amount of ANOD did not affect ear canal temperature or cortisol concentrations during 60 min of forced walking. The range between the minimum and maximum ear canal temperature for each lamb during 12 h of transport was narrower in lambs receiving the 2% ANOD than the control group (P = 0.05), and the 2% ANOD group also had lower (P = 0.05) ear canal temperatures than the control group during hot periods of transport. After 4 (P = 0.09) and 8 h (P = 0.05) of transport, the control group tended to have greater cortisol concentrations than the 2% ANOD group. Many differences among treatments were found in plasma protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations posttransport; mainly, the control and 0.5% ANOD groups had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations than the other 2 treatments. Aldosterone concentrations were greater in the control and 0.5% ANOD group than in the 1 and 2% ANOD groups before transport, whereas the concentrations were not different after transport, suggesting pretransport concentrations were lowered by supplementation. The 1 and 2% ANOD groups lost more BW than the control group as a result of transport (P = 0.04). After transport, no differences were observed in the latency for lambs to drink, eat, or lay. There was a suppression of the IgG and IgM antibody responses at 4 and 7 d after administration of ovalbumin, with greater ANOD supplementation rates suppressing antibody response the greatest. Although ANOD decreased ear canal temperature in hot periods of transport, stabilized electrolyte concentrations, and decreased cortisol throughout transport, it also suppressed the antibody response indicating that the effect of ANOD on immune function merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Archer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station 77843, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fike J, Saker K, O’Keefe S, Marriott N, Ward D, Fontenot J, Veit H. Effects of Tasco (a seaweed extract) and heat stress on N metabolism and meat fatty acids in wether lambs fed hays containing endophyte-infected fescue. Small Rumin Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
41
|
Saker KE, Fike JH, Veit H, Ward DL. Brown seaweed- (Tasco) treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2004; 88:122-30. [PMID: 15059236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2003.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven wether lambs were utilized to evaluate select innate immunity and oxidative stress in response to diet and heat stress. Dietary treatments were: (i) control (tall fescue) hay = no Tasco (tradename for the extract of the brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Acadian Sealants Ltd, Nova Scotia, Canada); (ii) pre-harvest Tasco-Forage-treated hay and (iii) control hay + post-harvest Tasco-EX. Tasco-Forage and Tasco-EX are two forms of the Tasco extract that are either applied to foliage or used for direct feeding, respectively. All lambs were supplemented with soyabean meal and trace mineralized salt. Heat stress was applied for 10 days with measurements obtained at days 0, 4 and 10. A heat x treatment interaction indicated hay with Tasco enhanced monocyte oxidative burst through short duration (p < 0.05) and long duration (p < 0.10) heat stress. Phagocytic activity was influenced by days of heat stress (p < 0.001) and treatment (p = 0.02) with post-harvest Tasco lambs exhibiting the greatest immune enhancement (p < 0.05). Red and white blood cell glutathione peroxidase increased by heat stress day 10 in Tasco lambs. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased and lipid hydroperoxide metabolites minimized (p < 0.01) through long duration heat stress in the pre-harvest Tasco group. Tasco treatment of tall fescue hay prior to harvest appears to provide residual effects on animal antioxidant availability in short-duration heat stress. Tasco supplementation to post-harvest fescue hay enhances immune function and protects against prolonged heat-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Saker
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|