1
|
Yi J, Chen K, Cao Y, Wen C, An L, Tong R, Wu X, Gao H. Up-regulated novel-miR-17 promotes hypothermic reperfusion arrhythmias by negatively targeting Gja1 and mediating activation of the PKC/c-Jun signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:1-10. [PMID: 38789075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia is a common complication of cardiothoracic surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, but few studies have focused on this type of arrhythmia. Our prior study discovered reduced myocardial Cx43 protein levels may be linked to hypothermic reperfusion arrhythmias. However, more detailed molecular mechanism research is required. METHOD The microRNA and mRNA expression levels in myocardial tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Besides, the occurrence of hypothermic reperfusion arrhythmias and changes in myocardial electrical conduction were assessed by electrocardiography and ventricular epicardial activation mapping. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, applying antagonists of miRNA, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, a dual luciferase assay, and pearson correlation analysis were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The expression level of novel-miR-17 was up-regulated in hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion myocardial tissues. Inhibition of novel-miR-17 upregulation ameliorated cardiomyocyte edema, reduced apoptosis, increased myocardial electrical conduction velocity, and shortened the duration of reperfusion arrhythmias. Mechanistic studies showed that novel-miR-17 reduced the expression of Cx43 by directly targeting Gja1 while mediating the activation of the PKC/c-Jun signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Up-regulated novel-miR-17 is a newly discovered pro-arrhythmic microRNA that may serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for hypothermic reperfusion arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlei Wen
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reisqs JB, Qu YS, Boutjdir M. Ion channel trafficking implications in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1351496. [PMID: 38420267 PMCID: PMC10899472 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is recognized as an epidemic in the contemporary world, impacting around 1%-2% of the adult population and affecting around 6 million Americans. HF remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. Several therapies are used to treat HF and improve the survival of patients; however, despite these substantial improvements in treating HF, the incidence of HF is increasing rapidly, posing a significant burden to human health. The total cost of care for HF is USD 69.8 billion in 2023, warranting a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in HF. Among the most serious manifestations associated with HF is arrhythmia due to the electrophysiological changes within the cardiomyocyte. Among these electrophysiological changes, disruptions in sodium and potassium currents' function and trafficking, as well as calcium handling, all of which impact arrhythmia in HF. The mechanisms responsible for the trafficking, anchoring, organization, and recycling of ion channels at the plasma membrane seem to be significant contributors to ion channels dysfunction in HF. Variants, microtubule alterations, or disturbances of anchoring proteins lead to ion channel trafficking defects and the alteration of the cardiomyocyte's electrophysiology. Understanding the mechanisms of ion channels trafficking could provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HF. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in ion channel trafficking in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Reisqs
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongxia Sarah Qu
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silnitsky S, Rubin SJS, Zerihun M, Qvit N. An Update on Protein Kinases as Therapeutic Targets-Part I: Protein Kinase C Activation and Its Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17600. [PMID: 38139428 PMCID: PMC10743896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most significant drug targets in the human proteome, historically harnessed for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and a growing number of other conditions, including autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Since the approval of the first kinase inhibitors in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the field has grown exponentially, comprising 98 approved therapeutics to date, 37 of which were approved between 2016 and 2021. While many of these small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors that interact orthosterically with the protein kinase ATP binding pocket have been massively successful for oncological indications, their poor selectively for protein kinase isozymes have limited them due to toxicities in their application to other disease spaces. Thus, recent attention has turned to the use of alternative allosteric binding mechanisms and improved drug platforms such as modified peptides to design protein kinase modulators with enhanced selectivity and other pharmacological properties. Herein we review the role of different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in cancer and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to PKC-family inhibitors. We discuss translational examples and carefully consider the advantages and limitations of each compound (Part I). We also discuss the recent advances in the field of protein kinase modulators, leverage molecular docking to model inhibitor-kinase interactions, and propose mechanisms of action that will aid in the design of next-generation protein kinase modulators (Part II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Silnitsky
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Samuel J. S. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Mulate Zerihun
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cooley A, Rayford KJ, Arun A, Villalta F, Lima MF, Pratap S, Nde PN. Trypanosoma cruzi Dysregulates piRNAs Computationally Predicted to Target IL-6 Signaling Molecules During Early Infection of Primary Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e51. [PMID: 36627941 PMCID: PMC9807959 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which is now present in most industrialized countries. About 40% of T. cruzi infected individuals will develop severe, incurable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi induces cardiopathogenesis remain to be determined. Previous studies showed that increased IL-6 expression in T. cruzi patients was associated with disease severity. IL-6 signaling was suggested to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, however, the role of this pathway during early infection remains to be elucidated. We reported that T. cruzi can dysregulate the expression of host PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) during early infection. Here, we aim to evaluate the dysregulation of IL-6 signaling and the piRNAs computationally predicted to target IL-6 molecules during early T. cruzi infection of primary human cardiac fibroblasts (PHCF). Using in silico analysis, we predict that piR_004506, piR_001356, and piR_017716 target IL6 and SOCS3 genes, respectively. We validated the piRNAs and target gene expression in T. cruzi challenged PHCF. Secreted IL-6, soluble gp-130, and sIL-6R in condition media were measured using a cytokine array and western blot analysis was used to measure pathway activation. We created a network of piRNAs, target genes, and genes within one degree of biological interaction. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between piRNA expression and the target transcripts during early infection, denoting the IL-6 pathway targeting piRNAs can be developed as potential therapeutics to mitigate T. cruzi cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde Cooley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kayla J. Rayford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Ashutosh Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Department of Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maria F. Lima
- Department of Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang M, Gada KD, Chidipi B, Tsalatsanis A, Gibbons J, Remily-Wood E, Logothetis DE, Oberstaller J, Noujaim SF. I KACh is constitutively active via PKC epsilon in aging mediated atrial fibrillation. iScience 2022; 25:105442. [PMID: 36388956 PMCID: PMC9650037 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common abnormal heart rhythm, is a major cause for stroke. Aging is a significant risk factor for AF; however, specific ionic pathways that can elucidate how aging leads to AF remain elusive. We used young and old wild-type and PKC epsilon- (PKCϵ) knockout mice, whole animal, and cellular electrophysiology, as well as whole heart, and cellular imaging to investigate how aging leads to the aberrant functioning of a potassium current, and consequently to AF facilitation. Our experiments showed that knocking out PKCϵ abrogates the effects of aging on AF by preventing the development of a constitutively active acetylcholine sensitive inward rectifier potassium current (IKACh). Moreover, blocking this abnormal current in the old heart reduces AF inducibility. Our studies demonstrate that in the aging heart, IKACh is constitutively active in a PKCϵ-dependent manner, contributing to the perpetuation of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kirin D. Gada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Athanasios Tsalatsanis
- College of Medicine Office of Research, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Justin Gibbons
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elizabeth Remily-Wood
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Diomedes E. Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna Oberstaller
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sami F. Noujaim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miao LN, Pan D, Shi J, Du JP, Chen PF, Gao J, Yu Y, Shi DZ, Guo M. Role and Mechanism of PKC-δ for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Perspective. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:816369. [PMID: 35242825 PMCID: PMC8885814 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.816369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a protein kinase with important cellular functions. PKC-δ, a member of the novel PKC subfamily, has been well-documented over the years. Activation of PKC-δ plays an important regulatory role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury and myocardial fibrosis, and its activity and expression levels can regulate pathological cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. This article aims to review the structure and function of PKC-δ, summarize the current research regarding its activation mechanism and its role in cardiovascular disease, and provide novel insight into further research on the role of PKC-δ in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-na Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhe Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-peng Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-fei Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Zhuo Shi
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ming Guo
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daimi H, Lozano-Velasco E, Aranega A, Franco D. Genomic and Non-Genomic Regulatory Mechanisms of the Cardiac Sodium Channel in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1381. [PMID: 35163304 PMCID: PMC8835759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is the predominant cardiac sodium channel subtype, encoded by the SCN5A gene, which is involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials throughout the heart. Along its biosynthesis process, Nav1.5 undergoes strict genomic and non-genomic regulatory and quality control steps that allow only newly synthesized channels to reach their final membrane destination and carry out their electrophysiological role. These regulatory pathways are ensured by distinct interacting proteins that accompany the nascent Nav1.5 protein along with different subcellular organelles. Defects on a large number of these pathways have a tremendous impact on Nav1.5 functionality and are thus intimately linked to cardiac arrhythmias. In the present review, we provide current state-of-the-art information on the molecular events that regulate SCN5A/Nav1.5 and the cardiac channelopathies associated with defects in these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houria Daimi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen L, Shi D, Guo M. The roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105716. [PMID: 34102229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) cause a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs) and promotion of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). PKC-δ and PKC-ε, belonging to a family of serine/threonine kinases, have been demonstrated to play important roles during I/R injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in I/R injury have not been elaborated until now. This article discusses the roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε during myocardial I/R in redox regulation (redox signaling and oxidative stress), cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xi yuan), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Protein kinase C-mediated calcium signaling as the basis for cardiomyocyte plasticity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108817. [PMID: 33626379 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C is the superfamily of intracellular effector molecules which control crucial cellular functions. Here, we for the first time did the percentage estimation of all known PKC and PKC-related isozymes at the individual cadiomyocyte level. Broad spectrum of PKC transcripts is expressed in the left ventricular myocytes. In addition to the well-known 'heart-specific' PKCα, cardiomyocytes have the high expression levels of PKCN1, PKCδ, PKCD2, PKCε. In general, we detected all PKC isoforms excluding PKCη. In cardiomyocytes PKC activity tonically regulates voltage-gated Ca2+-currents, intracellular Ca2+ level and nitric oxide (NO) production. Imidazoline receptor of the first type (I1R)-mediated induction of the PKC activity positively modulates Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor (RyR), increasing the Ca2+ leakage in the cytosol. In cardiomyocytes with the Ca2+-overloaded regions of > 9-10 μm size, the local PKC-induced Ca2+ signaling is transformed to global accompanied by spontaneous Ca2+ waves propagation across the entire cell perimeter. Such switching of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac cells can be important for the development of several cardiovascular pathologies and/or myocardial plasticity at the cardiomyocyte level.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sattar Y, Ullah W, Rauf H, Virk HUH, Yadav S, Chowdhury M, Connerney M, Mamtani S, Pahuja M, Patel RD, Mir T, Almas T, Moussa Pacha H, Chadi Alraies M. COVID-19 cardiovascular epidemiology, cellular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 29:100589. [PMID: 32724831 PMCID: PMC7359794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. These cardiovascular effects are worse in patients who have pre-existing cardiac conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coagulation abnormalities. Other predisposing risk factors include advanced age, immunocompromised state, and underlying systemic inflammatory conditions. Here we review the cellular pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of the cardiac manifestations seen in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Sattar
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai – Elmhurst Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, PA, USA
| | - Hiba Rauf
- Internal Medicine, American Society of Clinical Oncology, VA, USA
| | - Hafeez ul Hassan Virk
- Interventional Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sunita Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Medhat Chowdhury
- Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael Connerney
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai – Elmhurst Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Sahil Mamtani
- Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mohit Pahuja
- Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raj D. Patel
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tanveer Mir
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Talal Almas
- Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Homam Moussa Pacha
- Cardiology Department, University of Texas, Memorial Hermann Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Chadi Alraies
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cardiomyocyte calcium handling in health and disease: Insights from in vitro and in silico studies. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 157:54-75. [PMID: 32188566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling. To ensure an optimal electrical impulse propagation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ levels are regulated by a variety of Ca2+-handling proteins. In turn, Ca2+ modulates numerous electrophysiological processes. Accordingly, Ca2+-handling abnormalities can promote cardiac arrhythmias via various mechanisms, including the promotion of afterdepolarizations, ion-channel modulation and structural remodeling. In the last 30 years, significant improvements have been made in the computational modeling of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling under physiological and pathological conditions. However, numerous questions involving the Ca2+-dependent regulation of different macromolecular complexes, cross-talk between Ca2+-dependent regulatory pathways operating over a wide range of time scales, and bidirectional interactions between electrophysiology and mechanics remain to be addressed by in vitro and in silico studies. A better understanding of disease-specific Ca2+-dependent proarrhythmic mechanisms may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the fundamental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling in health and disease, and provide an overview of currently available computational models for cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling. Finally, we discuss important uncertainties and open questions about cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and highlight how synergy between in vitro and in silico studies may help to answer several of these issues.
Collapse
|
12
|
Membrane cholesterol oxidation downregulates atrial β-adrenergic responses in ROS-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Luzum JA, Ting C, Peterson EL, Gui H, Shugg T, Williams LK, Li L, Sadee W, Wang D, Lanfear DE. Association of Regulatory Genetic Variants for Protein Kinase Cα with Mortality and Drug Efficacy in Patients with Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33:693-700. [PMID: 31728800 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein kinase C alpha (gene: PRKCA) is a key regulator of cardiac contractility. Two genetic variants have recently been discovered to regulate PRKCA expression in failing human heart tissue (rs9909004 [T → C] and rs9303504 [C → G]). The association of those variants with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), and their interaction with HF drug efficacy, is unknown. METHODS Patients with HF in a prospective registry starting in 2007 were genotyped by whole genome array (n = 951). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for established clinical risk factors and genomic ancestry tested the independent association of rs9909004 or rs9303504 and the variant interactions with cornerstone HF pharmacotherapies (beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers) in additive genetic models. RESULTS The minor allele of rs9909004, but not of rs9303504, was independently associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality: adjusted HR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.67-0.98), p = 0.032. The variants did not significantly interact with mortality benefit associated with cornerstone HF pharmacotherapies (p > 0.1 for all). CONCLUSIONS A recently discovered cardiac-specific regulatory variant for PRKCA (rs9909004) was independently associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality in patients with HF. The variant did not interact with mortality benefit associated with cornerstone HF pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Luzum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Christopher Ting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edward L Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tyler Shugg
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David E Lanfear
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Disturbance of I1-imidazoline receptor signal transduction in cardiomyocytes of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Jiang Q, Li K, Lu WJ, Li S, Chen X, Liu XJ, Yuan J, Ding Q, Lan F, Cai SQ. Identification of small-molecule ion channel modulators in C. elegans channelopathy models. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3941. [PMID: 30258187 PMCID: PMC6158242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are important therapeutic targets, but the discovery of ion channel drugs remains challenging due to a lack of assays that allow high-throughput screening in the physiological context. Here we report C. elegans phenotype-based methods for screening ion channel drugs. Expression of modified human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels in C. elegans results in egg-laying and locomotive defects, which offer indicators for screening small-molecule channel modulators. Screening in worms expressing hERGA561V, which carries a trafficking-defective mutation A561V known to associate with long-QT syndrome, identifies two functional correctors Prostratin and ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate. These compounds activate PKCε signaling and consequently phosphorylate S606 at the pore region of the channel to promote hERGA561V trafficking to the plasma membrane. Importantly, the compounds correct electrophysiological abnormalities in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes bearing a heterozygous CRISPR/Cas9-edited hERGA561V. Thus, we have developed an in vivo high-throughput method for screening compounds that have therapeutic potential in treating channelopathies. Mutations in the voltage-gated K+ channel human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) lead to Long-QT syndrome, causing life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Here the authors use C. elegans as a platform to run a channelopathy drug screen, identifying drugs to target hERG mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Developmental and Stem Cell Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Xi-Juan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a physiological state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired ability of the left ventricle to either fill or eject blood efficiently. HF is a disease of multiple aetiologies leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction and it is the leading cause of deaths in both developed and developing countries. HF is responsible for about 73,000 deaths in the UK each year. In the USA, HF affects 5.8 million people and 550,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. Cardiac remodelling (CD), which plays an important role in pathogenesis of HF, is viewed as stress response to an index event such as myocardial ischaemia or imposition of mechanical load leading to a series of structural and functional changes in the viable myocardium. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are a family of serine/threonine kinases. PKC is a central enzyme in the regulation of growth, hypertrophy, and mediators of signal transduction pathways. In response to circulating hormones, activation of PKC triggers a multitude of intracellular events influencing multiple physiological processes in the heart, including heart rate, contraction, and relaxation. Recent research implicates PKC activation in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiovascular disease states. Few reports are available that examine PKC in normal and diseased human hearts. This review describes the structure, functions, and distribution of PKCs in the healthy and diseased heart with emphasis on the human heart and, also importantly, their regulation in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Singh
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England, PR1 2HE, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen, Georgetown, Guyana.
| | - Emanuel Cummings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England, PR1 2HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan CS, Lin YK, Kao YH, Chen YC, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Hydrogen sulphide increases pulmonary veins and atrial arrhythmogenesis with activation of protein kinase C. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3503-3513. [PMID: 29659148 PMCID: PMC6010708 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), one of the most common toxic air pollutants, is an important aetiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary veins (PVs) and left atrium (LA) are the most important AF trigger and substrate. We investigated whether H2 S may modulate the arrhythmogenesis of PVs and atria. Conventional microelectrodes and whole-cell patch clamp were performed in rabbit PV, sinoatrial node (SAN) or atrial cardiomyocytes before and after the perfusion of NaHS with or without chelerythrine (a selective PKC inhibitor), rottlerin (a specific PKC δ inhibitor) or KB-R7943 (a NCX inhibitor). NaHS reduced spontaneous beating rates, but increased the occurrences of delayed afterdepolarizations and burst firing in PVs and SANs. NaHS (100 μmol/L) increased IKATP and INCX in PV and LA cardiomyocytes, which were attenuated by chelerythrine (3 μmol/L). Chelerythrine, rottlerin (10 μmol/L) or KB-R7943 (10 μmol/L) attenuated the arrhythmogenic effects of NaHS on PVs or SANs. NaHS shortened the action potential duration in LA, but not in right atrium or in the presence of chelerythrine. NaHS increased PKC activity, but did not translocate PKC isoforms α, ε to membrane in LA. In conclusion, through protein kinase C signalling, H2 S increases PV and atrial arrhythmogenesis, which may contribute to air pollution-induced AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Shun Chan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gou X, Wang W, Zou S, Qi Y, Xu Y. Protein kinase C epsilon mediates the inhibition of angiotensin II on the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current through channel phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 116:165-174. [PMID: 29452158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) is one of the main repolarizing currents in the human heart. Evidence has shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates IKs through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, but the related results are controversial. This study was designed to identify PKC isoenzymes involved in the regulation of IKs by Ang II and the underlying molecular mechanism. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKs in isolated guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells co-transfected with human KCNQ1/KCNE1 genes and Ang II type 1 receptor genes. Ang II inhibited IKs in a concentration-dependent manner in native cardiomyocytes. A broad PKC inhibitor Gö6983 (not inhibiting PKCε) and a selective cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 did not affect the inhibitory action of Ang II. In contrast, the inhibition was significantly attenuated by PKCε-selective peptide inhibitor εV1-2. However, direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the cloned human IKs in HEK293 cells. Similarly, the cPKC peptide activator significantly enhanced the current. In contrast, the PKCε peptide activator inhibited the current. Further evidence showed that PKCε knockdown by siRNA antagonized the Ang II-induced inhibition on KCNQ1/KCNE1 current, whereas knockdown of cPKCs (PKCα and PKCβ) attenuated the potentiation of the current by PMA. Moreover, deletion of four putative phosphorylation sites in the C-terminus of KCNQ1 abolished the action of PMA. Mutation of two putative phosphorylation sites in the N-terminus of KCNQ1 and one site in KCNE1 (S102) blocked the inhibition of Ang II. Our results demonstrate that PKCε isoenzyme mediates the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKs and by phosphorylating distinct sites in KCNQ1/KCNE1, cPKC and PKCε isoenzymes produce the contrary regulatory effects on the channel. These findings have provided new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the modulation of the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Gou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sihao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Shen L, Xu Y. Different protein kinase C isoenzymes mediate inhibition of cardiac rapidly activating delayed rectifier K + current by different G-protein coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4464-4477. [PMID: 28941256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevated angiotensin II (Ang II) and sympathetic activity contributes to a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias in heart disease. The rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr ) carried by the hERG channels plays a critical role in cardiac repolarization, and decreased IKr is involved in increased cardiac arrhythmogenicity. Stimulation of α1A -adrenoreceptors or angiotensin II AT1 receptors is known to inhibit IKr via PKC. Here, we have identified the PKC isoenzymes mediating the inhibition of IKr by activation of these two different GPCRs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr in guinea pig cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells co-transfected with hERG and α1A -adrenoreceptor or AT1 receptor genes. KEY RESULTS A broad spectrum PKC inhibitor Gö6983 (not inhibiting PKCε), a selective cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 and a PKCα-specific inhibitor peptide, blocked the inhibition of IKr by the α1A -adrenoreceptor agonist A61603. However, these inhibitors did not affect the reduction of IKr by activation of AT1 receptors, whereas the PKCε-selective inhibitor peptide did block the effect. The effects of angiotensin II and the PKCε activator peptide were inhibited in mutant hERG channels in which 17 of the 18 PKC phosphorylation sites were deleted, whereas a deletion of the N-terminus of the hERG channels selectively prevented the inhibition elicited by A61603 and the cPKC activator peptide. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicated that inhibition of IKr by activation of α1A -adrenoreceptors or AT1 receptors were mediated by PKCα and PKCε isoforms respectively, through different molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Institute for Drug Control, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Masteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aromolaran AS, Chahine M, Boutjdir M. Regulation of Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel by Kinases: Roles of Protein Kinases A and C. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 246:161-184. [PMID: 29032483 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the heart, voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel (Nav1.5) is defined by its pore-forming α-subunit and its auxiliary β-subunits, both of which are important for its critical contribution to the initiation and maintenance of the cardiac action potential (AP) that underlie normal heart rhythm. The physiological relevance of Nav1.5 is further marked by the fact that inherited or congenital mutations in Nav1.5 channel gene SCN5A lead to altered functional expression (including expression, trafficking, and current density), and are generally manifested in the form of distinct cardiac arrhythmic events, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, migraine, and neuromuscular disorders. However, despite significant advances in defining the pathophysiology of Nav1.5, the molecular mechanisms that underlie its regulation and contribution to cardiac disorders are poorly understood. It is rapidly becoming evident that the functional expression (localization, trafficking and gating) of Nav1.5 may be under modulation by post-translational modifications that are associated with phosphorylation. We review here the molecular basis of cardiac Na channel regulation by kinases (PKA and PKC) and the resulting functional consequences. Specifically, we discuss: (1) recent literature on the structural, molecular, and functional properties of cardiac Nav1.5 channels; (2) how these properties may be altered by phosphorylation in disease states underlain by congenital mutations in Nav1.5 channel and/or subunits such as long QT and Brugada syndromes. Our expectation is that understanding the roles of these distinct and complex phosphorylation processes on the functional expression of Nav1.5 is likely to provide crucial mechanistic insights into Na channel associated arrhythmogenic events and will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haque ZK, Wang DZ. How cardiomyocytes sense pathophysiological stresses for cardiac remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:983-1000. [PMID: 27714411 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the cardiovascular community has laid out the fundamental signaling cascades that become awry in the cardiomyocyte during the process of pathologic cardiac remodeling. These pathways are initiated at the cell membrane and work their way to the nucleus to mediate gene expression. Complexity is multiplied as the cardiomyocyte is subjected to cross talk with other cells as well as a barrage of extracellular stimuli and mechanical stresses. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades that play key roles in cardiac function and then we proceed to describe emerging concepts of how the cardiomyocyte senses the mechanical and environmental stimuli to transition to the deleterious genetic program that defines pathologic cardiac remodeling. As a highlighting example of these processes, we illustrate the transition from a compensated hypertrophied myocardium to a decompensated failing myocardium, which is clinically manifested as decompensated heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar K Haque
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mathieu S, El Khoury N, Rivard K, Gélinas R, Goyette P, Paradis P, Nemer M, Fiset C. Reduction in Na(+) current by angiotensin II is mediated by PKCα in mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1346-54. [PMID: 26921763 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths are among the leading causes of mortality in patients with heart failure, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Chronic elevation of angiotensin II (ANGII) is known to be one of the main contributors to heart failure. OBJECTIVE We tested whether ANGII can alter ventricular conduction and Na(+) current using transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R). METHODS We used surface electrocardiograms along with current- and voltage-clamp techniques to characterize the electrophysiological properties of AT1R mice while the underlying regulatory mechanisms were explored using reverse transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS Electrophysiological data indicated that chronic AT1R activation in ventricular myocytes caused a 60% reduction in Na(+) current density that slowed the maximal velocity of the action potential upstroke, leading to a prolongation of the QRS complex. These changes occur independently of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a direct role for ANGII/AT1R in slowing ventricular conduction. Western blots demonstrated a selective increase in sarcolemmal protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in AT1R mice, indicating PKCα activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed reorganization of PKCα expression to sarcolemma and colocalization with NaV1.5 in AT1R myocytes. The involvement of PKCα in regulating Na(+) current was subsequently demonstrated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes where ANGII treatment reduced Na(+) current density. Concomitant treatment with αV5-3, a PKCα translocation inhibitor peptide, blocked the ANGII effect. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that in mouse and human cardiomyocytes, PKCα is an important mediator of the ANGII-induced reduction in Na(+) current and may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathieu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nabil El Khoury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katy Rivard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Fiset
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu Y, Li X, Xun Q, Fang M, Shen Z. Drosophila MagT1 is upregulated by PKC activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:140-4. [PMID: 23727583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium transporter subtype 1 (MagT1) is a newly discovered and evolutionarily conservative magnesium membrane transporter with channel like properties. Previous reports have demonstrated that MagT1 is important to cellular magnesium homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether drosophila MagT1 (dMagT1) was functionally regulated by PKC activation in vitro. With patch clamping, we have observed that whole cell currents of wild type dMagT1 were magnesium selective and non-voltage dependent when expressed in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Furthermore, dMagT1 currents were significantly increased in cells treated with a non specific PKC activator PMA, but not in cells treated with the inactive form of PMA, 4α-PMA. Lastly, we have demonstrated that upregulation of dMagT1 currents by PKC activation involves specific PKC phorsphorylation sites in dMagT1. Of all three dMagT1 mutants created for testing the putative PKC phorsphorylation sites, dMagT1-S35A displayed a significant increase of whole cell currents while dMagT1-S100A and -S108A were not affected by PKC activation. Thus, we have demonstrated that dMagT1 is a magnesium selective transporter with basic biophysical characters similar to its mammalian homolog and can be functionally upregulated by PKC activation. Both dMagT1 Ser100 and Ser106 are equally important to this PKC-dependent modulation, therefore the most likely molecular sites for PKC phorsphorylation. The data presented here may establish a general regulatory mechanism for MagT1 by PKC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nantong University Medical School, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been a tantalizing target for drug discovery ever since it was first identified as the receptor for the tumour promoter phorbol ester in 1982. Although initial therapeutic efforts focused on cancer, additional indications--including diabetic complications, heart failure, myocardial infarction, pain and bipolar disorder--were targeted as researchers developed a better understanding of the roles of eight conventional and novel PKC isozymes in health and disease. Unfortunately, both academic and pharmaceutical efforts have yet to result in the approval of a single new drug that specifically targets PKC. Why does PKC remain an elusive drug target? This Review provides a short account of some of the efforts, challenges and opportunities in developing PKC modulators to address unmet clinical needs.
Collapse
|