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Zhang Z, Hu M, Xu X, Lv C, Shi C. Dynamic antimicrobial resistance and phylogenomic structure of Salmonella Typhimurium from 2007 to 2019 in Shanghai, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0026224. [PMID: 38904374 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00262-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important foodborne pathogen associated with human salmonellosis worldwide. A retrospective screening was performed to elucidate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and phylogenomic characterization of this pathogen in Shanghai, China. S. Typhimurium isolates were selected from 2,211 serotyped Salmonella isolates collected during 2007-2019. Two hundred and seventy-seven S. Typhimurium isolates were detected in 15 of 16 districts in Shanghai. It was noted that 214 (77.3%) isolates were multi-drug resistant and 32 (11.6%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 5 (1.8%) isolates were further resistant to ceftriaxone. Poisson generalized linear mixed model results showed that the multi-drug resistance (MDR) in 2017 and 2018 was significantly higher than that in 2010 (P<0.05), highlighting an increase in the risk of MDR. Phylogenetic results showed that a global data set of 401 sequenced S. Typhimurium isolates was classified into four clones (ST36, ST313, ST19, and ST34), which appeared in international clonal dissemination. The ST34 isolates from China fell into two clades, ST34C1 and ST34C2, the latter of which might originate from Shanghai, and then expanded nationally, accompanied by extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-14 and a mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA 87 site. Furthermore, blaCTX-M-14 linking to ISEcp1 upstream and ΔIS903B downstream was found in IncI (Gamma)-like plasmids, and the plasmid conjugation contributed to its horizontal transmission. To our knowledge, it is the first report of the epidemiological and phylogenetic characterization for S. Typhimurium including the emerged clade ST34C2 in Shanghai, warranting the necessity of surveillance for this high-risk pathogen. IMPORTANCE Our study uncovered a widespread distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates in Shanghai accompanied by the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) especially MDR during a 10-year period, which filled in the gap about a long period of continuous monitoring of AMR in this pathogen in Shanghai. Meanwhile, we identified a new clade ST34C2 of S. Typhimurium with the acquisition of IncI (Gamma)-like plasmids mediated by extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-14 as well as gyrA 87 mutation, which had not been reported before. It was noted that IncI (Gamma)-like plasmids were reported in S. Typhimurium for the first time and conjugation could accelerate the spread of antimicrobial resistance gene blaCTX-M-14. These findings on the epidemic, antimicrobial resistance, and phylogenomic characterization for S. Typhimurium provide valuable insights into its potential risk to public health and also the basis for AMR prevention and control strategies in Shanghai in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li P, Zhan L, Wang H, Yan Y, Jia M, Gao L, Sun Y, Zhu G, Chen Z. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity of Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing City, China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:443. [PMID: 38786171 PMCID: PMC11117378 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a cause of foodborne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Important emerging NTS serotypes that have spread as multidrug-resistant high-risk clones include S. Typhimurium monophasic variant and S. Kentucky. In this study, we isolated Salmonella in 5019 stool samples collected from patients with clinical diarrhea and 484 food samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were performed on positive strains. The detection rates of Salmonella among patients with diarrhea and food samples were 4.0% (200/5019) and 3.1% (15/484), respectively. These 215 Salmonella isolates comprised five main serotypes, namely S. Typhimurium monophasic variant, S. Typhimurium, S. London, S. Enteritidis, and S. Rissen, and were mainly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The MDR rates of five major serotypes were 77.4%, 56.0%, 66.7%, 53.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. The most commonly acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes were blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-10, and blaCTX-M-65. The S. Typhimurium monophasic variant strains from Jiaxing City belonged to a unique clone with broad antibiotic resistance. S. Kentucky isolates showed the highest drug resistance, and all were MDR strains. The discovery of high antibiotic resistance rates in this common foodborne pathogen is a growing concern; therefore, ongoing surveillance is crucial to effectively monitor this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Li Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Yong Yan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Lei Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Yangming Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
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Patà Z, Faré PB, Lava SAG, Milani GP, Bianchetti MG, Janett S, Hunjan I, Kottanattu L. Nontyphoidal Salmonella Outbreaks Associated With Chocolate Consumption: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:420-424. [PMID: 38285510 PMCID: PMC11003406 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large, cross-border outbreak of nontyphoidal salmonellosis connected to chocolate product consumption was recently reported. This occurrence motivated us to conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature concerning outbreaks of nontyphoidal salmonellosis associated with chocolate consumption. METHODS We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022369023) in 3 databases: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Web of Science and Excerpta Medica. Google Scholar and the bibliography of each identified report were also screened. Eligible were articles published after 1970, describing outbreaks of more than 10 patients with a nontyphoidal salmonellosis associated with chocolate consumption. RESULTS Twenty-three articles were included, which described 12 outbreaks involving a total of 3266 patients. All outbreaks occurred in high-income countries: 1 was limited to 1 city, 6 involved 1 country and the remaining 5 involved 2 or more countries. Six outbreaks peaked in winter, 3 in autumn, 2 in spring and 1 in summer. Children were mainly affected. No predominant serotype was identified. CONCLUSIONS Our data documents that chocolate is an optimal medium for the transmission of nontyphoidal salmonellosis. A connected worldwide reporting system including high-income, middle-income and low-income countries is crucial to detect infectious diseases outbreaks in an early phase and avoid their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharie Patà
- From the Family Medicine Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana
| | - Pietro B. Faré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of infectious diseases, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano A. G. Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ¶Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario G. Bianchetti
- From the Family Medicine Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana
| | - Simone Janett
- Sleep Center, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale
| | - Isabella Hunjan
- From the Family Medicine Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana
| | - Lisa Kottanattu
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Timsit S, Armand-Lefèvre L, Le Goff J, Salmona M. The clinical and epidemiological impacts of whole genomic sequencing on bacterial and virological agents. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104844. [PMID: 38101516 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a molecular biology tool consisting in the sequencing of the entire genome of a given organism. Due to its ability to provide the finest available resolution of bacterial and virological genetics, it is used at several levels in the field of infectiology. On an individual scale and through application of a single technique, it enables the typological identification and characterization of strains, the characterization of plasmids, and enhanced search for resistance genes and virulence factors. On a collective scale, it enables the characterization of strains and the determination of phylogenetic links between different microorganisms during community outbreaks and healthcare-associated epidemics. The information provided by WGS enables real-time monitoring of strain-level epidemiology on a worldwide scale, and facilitates surveillance of the resistance dissemination and the introduction or emergence of pathogenic variants in humans or their environment. There are several possible approaches to completion of an entire genome. The choice of one method rather than another is essentially dictated by the matrix, either a clinical sample or a culture isolate, and the clinical objective. WGS is an advanced technology that remains costly despite a gradual decrease in its expenses, potentially hindering its implementation in certain laboratories and thus its use in routine microbiology. Even though WGS is making steady inroads as a reference method, efforts remain needed in view of so harmonizing its interpretations and decreasing the time to generation of conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Timsit
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France; Service de Bactériologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Armand-Lefèvre
- Service de Bactériologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France; IAME UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Le Goff
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France; INSERM U976, Insight Team, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maud Salmona
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France; INSERM U976, Insight Team, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Xu X, Peng M, Wang Y, Zhu F, Shen W, Bao D. Genomic and epidemiological characterization of a bla CTX-M-27-carrying ST34 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:345-349. [PMID: 38122981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consuming contaminated food and water is a leading cause of food poisoning, with Salmonella being one of the primary culprits. The aim of this study is to elucidate the genomic characteristics of a blaCTX-M-27-carrying S. enterica strain recovered from a patient with diarrhoea in China. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica strain 123 was determined by microdilution broth assay. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using both long-read MinION and short-read Illumina platforms to fully characterize the genetic structure of the blaCTX-M-27-carrying plasmid of the S. enterica 123. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance genes and genomic epidemiological analysis of 69 Salmonella strains carrying the blaCTX-M-27 gene stored in NCBI GenBank were further analysed by BacWGSTdb 2.0 server. RESULTS The isolate was resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, aztreonam, azithromycin, but still susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. The complete genome sequence of Salmonella 123 is made up of one chromosome and three plasmids, which could be assigned as sequence type (ST)34. The blaCTX-M-27 gene was found in the 65 644 bp IncFII-type plasmid with IS26 and IS5 exist upstream of blaCTX-M-27 gene, and IS26 and IS1B are located downstream as a truncated fragment. The closest relative of Salmonella 123 was Salmonella strain La89, another ST34 strain recovered in 2011, which differed by only 52 SNPs. CONCLUSION This study reports the complete genome of a blaCTX-M-27-carrying S. enterica that can be used for gaining insights into the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and dissemination patterns of the emerging pandemic lineage ST34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minfei Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yizhang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Danni Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Pereira GDN, Seribelli AA, Campioni F, Gomes CN, Tiba-Casas MR, Medeiros MIC, Rodrigues DDP, Falcão JP. High levels of multidrug-resistant isolates of genetically similar Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:I:- from Brazil between 1983 and 2020. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38375878 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains with different antimicrobial resistance profiles have been associated with foodborne disease outbreaks in several countries. In Brazil, S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- was identified as one of the most prevalent serovars in São Paulo State during 2004-2020.Gap Statement. However, few studies have characterized this serovar in Brazil.Aim. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains isolated from different sources in Southeast Brazil and compare their genetic diversity.Methodology. We analysed 113 S. 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains isolated from humans (n=99), animals (n=7), food (n=5) and the environment (n=2) between 1983 and 2020. Susceptibility testing against 13 antimicrobials was performed using the disc diffusion method for all the strains. Plasmid resistance genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions were identified in phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) for all strains and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for 40 selected strains.Results. Of the 113 strains, 54.87 % were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The highest resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (51.33 %), nalidixic acid (39.82 %) and tetracycline (38.05 %). Additionally, 39 (34.51 %) strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Nine fluoroquinolone-resistant strains exhibited the gyrA mutation (Ser96→Tyr96) and contained the qnrB gene. The 113 strains were grouped into two clusters using ERIC-PCR, and most of strains were present in one cluster, with a genetic similarity of ≥80 %. Finally, 40 strains were typed as ST19 using MLST.Conclusion. The prevalence of MDR strains is alarming because antimicrobial treatment against these strains may lead to therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the ERIC-PCR and MLST results suggested that most strains belonged to one main cluster. Thus, a prevalent subtype of Salmonella 1,4, [5],12:i:- strains has probably been circulating among different sources in São Paulo, Brazil, over decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana do Nascimento Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Seribelli
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Campioni
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Departamento de Física e Ciência Interdisciplinar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas (DACTB), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Wang Y, Xu X, Zhu B, Lyu N, Liu Y, Ma S, Jia S, Wan B, Du Y, Zhang G, Gao GF. Genomic analysis of almost 8,000 Salmonella genomes reveals drivers and landscape of antimicrobial resistance in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0208023. [PMID: 37787535 PMCID: PMC10714754 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02080-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We established the largest Salmonella genome database from China and presented the landscape and spatiotemporal dynamics of antimicrobial resistance genes. We also found that economic, climatic, and social factors can drive the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The Chinese local Salmonella genome database version 2 was released as an open-access database (https://nmdc.cn/clsgdbv2) and thus can assist surveillance studies across the globe. This database will help inform interventions for AMR, food safety, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogen Genomics, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shulei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Napoleoni M, Villa L, Barco L, Lucarelli C, Tiengo A, Baggio G, Dionisi AM, Angellotti A, Ferretti E, Ruggeri S, Staffolani M, Rocchegiani E, Silenzi V, Morandi B, Blasi G. Monophasic Variant of Salmonella Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- (ACSSuGmTmpSxt Type) Outbreak in Central Italy Linked to the Consumption of a Roasted Pork Product (Porchetta). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2567. [PMID: 37894225 PMCID: PMC10609469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- (MVST) is the third most commonly reported Salmonella serovar involved in human infections (8.8%) in the EU and ranks after S. Enteritidis (54.6%) and S. Typhimurium (11.4%). In Italy, in contrast, the MVST has achieved peculiar epidemiological and ecological success which has allowed it to be, since 2011, the serovar most frequently isolated from humans. In the summer of 2022, a foodborne outbreak of the MVST involving 63 people occurred in the Marche Region (Central Italy). A common food exposure source among some human cases was a roasted, ready-to-eat (RTE) pork product, porchetta, which is a typical product of Central Italy. This paper describes the results of investigations conducted to clarify this outbreak. The porchetta was produced by a local manufacturing plant and distributed to at least two local retail stores, one of which was the retail outlet for the manufacturing plant. The MVST was isolated from surface samples collected at the porchetta manufacturing plant and at both local retail stores via bacterial analysis, and the porchetta sampled at one store contained the MVST. These data confirm this type of RTE pork product can be a source of Salmonella infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Napoleoni
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Patogeni Enterici Marche, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (E.R.); (V.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Laura Villa
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.V.); (C.L.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Lisa Barco
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale e Laboratorio di Referenza WOAH per le Salmonellosi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Claudia Lucarelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.V.); (C.L.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Alessia Tiengo
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale e Laboratorio di Referenza WOAH per le Salmonellosi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Baggio
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale e Laboratorio di Referenza WOAH per le Salmonellosi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Dionisi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.V.); (C.L.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Antonio Angellotti
- UOC Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale Fermo—Marche, Via Zeppilli, 22A, 63900 Fermo, Italy; (A.A.); (E.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Ezio Ferretti
- UOC Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale Fermo—Marche, Via Zeppilli, 22A, 63900 Fermo, Italy; (A.A.); (E.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Simonetta Ruggeri
- UOC Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale Fermo—Marche, Via Zeppilli, 22A, 63900 Fermo, Italy; (A.A.); (E.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Monica Staffolani
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Patogeni Enterici Marche, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (E.R.); (V.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Elena Rocchegiani
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Patogeni Enterici Marche, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (E.R.); (V.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Valentina Silenzi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Patogeni Enterici Marche, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (E.R.); (V.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Benedetto Morandi
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale Patogeni Enterici Marche, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Maestri del Lavoro, 7, 62029 Tolentino, Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (E.R.); (V.S.); (G.B.)
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9
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Bianchi DM, Barzanti P, Adriano D, Martucci F, Pitti M, Ferraris C, Floris I, La Brasca R, Ligotti C, Morello S, Scardino G, Musolino N, Tramuta C, Maurella C, Decastelli L. Food Safety Monitoring of Salmonella spp. in Northern Italy 2019-2021. Pathogens 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37513810 PMCID: PMC10383695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the second most frequent bacterial pathogen involved in human gastrointestinal outbreaks in the European Union; it can enter the food-production chain from animal or environmental sources or from asymptomatic food operators. European food legislation has established microbiological criteria to ensure consumer protection. Salmonella is listed under both process hygiene criteria and food safety criteria. Each EU member state designates an agency to organize or perform controls and other official activities. This paper describes the official control plans performed by competent authorities in Northern Italy in the three-year period 2019-2021. A total of 4413 food samples were delivered to the IZS Food Safety laboratories for Salmonella detection, of which 36 (0.8%) tested positive. Salmonella was most frequently detected in poultry meat samples (25/36 positive samples) followed by other meat products and pork products. The official controls for the protection of consumer health apply the EU's farm-to-fork approach: the samples were collected during production (food production plants), from products on the market, and from collective catering (restaurants, cafeterias, canteens). This manuscript will provide information about the presence of Salmonella in foodstuffs that can help competent authorities to set control plans based on risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Manila Bianchi
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Barzanti
- SC Epidemiologia e Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriano
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Centro di Riferimento per la Tipizzazione delle Salmonelle (CeRTiS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Martucci
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Pitti
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Centro di Riferimento per la Tipizzazione delle Salmonelle (CeRTiS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Ferraris
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Floris
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta La Brasca
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carmela Ligotti
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Morello
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Scardino
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Musolino
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Tramuta
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- SC Epidemiologia e Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Centro di Riferimento per la Tipizzazione delle Salmonelle (CeRTiS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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10
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Wang Z, Jiang Z, Xu H, Jiao X, Li Q. Prevalence and molecular characterization of mcr-1-positive foodborne ST34-Salmonella isolates in China. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127441. [PMID: 37356255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and S. 4,[5],12:i:- have become the most common serovars associated with human salmonellosis worldwide. Moreover, the emergence of mcr-carrying S. Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i:- with multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns has posed a threat to public health. In this study, we retrospectively screened 2009-2022 laboratory-preserved strains for the presence of mcr genes. We obtained 16 mcr-1-positive S. Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains with MDR that belonged to sequence type 34 (ST34). Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the mcr-1 was located on the IncI2 or IncHI2 plasmids. The ISApl1 element downstream of mcr-1 was present in all pig-derived strains. Conjugation experiments confirmed that nine mcr-1-carrying IncHI2 plasmids could not be transferred to Escherichia coli due to loss of the conjugation region. Finally, core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analyses of the 16 mcr-1-carrying strains and 77 mcr-carrying ST34-Salmonella genome sequences from the NCBI and ENA databases showed that five out of eight clusters contained strains from pig and pig products, revealing pigs and pig products as key reservoirs of mcr-1-positive ST34-Salmonella strains. The transmission of mcr-carrying ST34 Salmonella strains to humans via the pig food chain is a potential cause for public health concern in controlling human salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China.
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11
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Petrin S, Wijnands L, Benincà E, Mughini-Gras L, Delfgou-van Asch EHM, Villa L, Orsini M, Losasso C, Olsen JE, Barco L. Assessing phenotypic virulence of Salmonella enterica across serovars and sources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184387. [PMID: 37346753 PMCID: PMC10279978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used for characterizing foodborne pathogens and it has become a standard typing technique for surveillance and research purposes. WGS data can help assessing microbial risks and defining risk mitigating strategies for foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella enterica. Methods To test the hypothesis that (combinations of) different genes can predict the probability of infection [P(inf)] given exposure to a certain pathogen strain, we determined P(inf) based on invasion potential of 87 S. enterica strains belonging to 15 serovars isolated from animals, foodstuffs and human patients, in an in vitro gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model system. These genomes were sequenced with WGS and screened for genes potentially involved in virulence. A random forest (RF) model was applied to assess whether P(inf) of a strain could be predicted based on the presence/absence of those genes. Moreover, the association between P(inf) and biofilm formation in different experimental conditions was assessed. Results and Discussion P(inf) values ranged from 6.7E-05 to 5.2E-01, showing variability both among and within serovars. P(inf) values also varied between isolation sources, but no unambiguous pattern was observed in the tested serovars. Interestingly, serovars causing the highest number of human infections did not show better ability to invade cells in the GIT model system, with strains belonging to other serovars displaying even higher infectivity. The RF model did not identify any virulence factor as significant P(inf) predictors. Significant associations of P(inf) with biofilm formation were found in all the different conditions for a limited number of serovars, indicating that the two phenotypes are governed by different mechanisms and that the ability to form biofilm does not correlate with the ability to invade epithelial cells. Other omics techniques therefore seem more promising as alternatives to identify genes associated with P(inf), and different hypotheses, such as gene expression rather than presence/absence, could be tested to explain phenotypic virulence [P(inf)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrin
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lucas Wijnands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Benincà
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. M. Delfgou-van Asch
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisa Barco
- WHOA and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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12
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Yusuf M, Ajayi A, Essiet UU, Oduyebo O, Isaac Adeleye A, Ifeanyi Smith S. Comparative Molecular Analysis and Antigenicity Prediction of an Outer Membrane Protein (ompC) of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Different Food Animals in Lagos, Nigeria. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231176131. [PMID: 37313034 PMCID: PMC10259129 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231176131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections occur globally with high morbidity and mortality. The public health challenge caused is exacerbated by increasing rate of antibiotic resistance and absence of NTS vaccine. In this study, we characterized the outer membrane protein C (OmpC) serovars isolated from different food animals and predicted antigenicity. ompC of 27 NTS serovars were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequence data were analysed and B-cell epitope prediction was done by BepiPred tool. T-cell epitope prediction was done by determining peptide-binding affinities of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II using NetMHC pan 2.8 and NetMHC-II pan 3.2, respectively. ompC sequence analysis revealed conserved region among ompCs of Salmonella Serovars. A total of 66.7% of ompCs were stable with instability index value < 40 and molecular weight that ranged from 27 745.47 to 32 714.32 kDa. All ompCs were thermostable and hydrophilic with the exception of S. Pomona (14p) isolate that had ompC with GRAVY value of 0.028 making it hydrophobic. Linear B-cell epitope prediction revealed ability of ompC to elicit humoral immunity. Multiple B-cell epitopes that were exposed and buried were observed on several positions on the ompC sequences. T-cell epitope prediction revealed epitopes with strong binding affinity to MHC-I and -II. Strong binding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA-A) ligands, including HLA-A03:1, HLA-A24:02 and HLA-A26:01 in the case of MHC-I were observed. While binding affinity to H-2 IAs, H-2 IAq and H-2 IAu (H-2 mouse molecules) were strongest in the case of MHC-II. ompCs of NTS serovars isolated from different food animal sources indicated ability to elicit humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Hence, ompCs of NTS serovars are potential candidate for production of NTS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morufat Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Abraham Ajayi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Utibeima Udo Essiet
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oyin Oduyebo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria
| | | | - Stella Ifeanyi Smith
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Nigeria
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13
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Yan S, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Dong X, Li D, Liu Z, Li C, Liu X, Zhu L. Genomes-based MLST, cgMLST, wgMLST and SNP analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium from animals and humans. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 96:101973. [PMID: 36989679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important food-borne and zoonotic pathogen that causes salmonellosis. With the development of whole genome sequencing (WGS), genome-based typing has been widely applied to bacteriology. In this study, we investigated genotyping and phylogenetic clusters of S. Typhimurium isolates from humans and animals in different provinces (including Beijing, Shandong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shanghai) of China during 2009-2018 using multi locus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), whole genome MLST (wgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on WGS. 29 S. Typhimurium isolates from chicken (n = 22), sick pigeon (n = 2), patients (n = 4) and sick swine (n = 1) were tested. MLST analysis showed S. Typhimurium strains were divided into four STs, namely ST19 (n = 14), ST34 (n = 12), ST128 (n = 2) and ST1544 (n = 1). cgMLST and wgMLST divided 29 strains into 27 cgSTs and 29 wgST, respectively. Phylogenetic clustering showed that all isolates were divided into 4 clusters and 4 singletons. SNP analysis was used to examine MLST, cgMLST, wgMLST analysis. Finally, comparisons of MLST, cgMLST, wgMLST, and SNP were analyzed and the results showed their precision increased in order. In summary, genomic typing and phylogenetic relationships of 29 S. Typhimurium strains from different sources in China were analyzed. These findings were beneficial to investigate molecular pathogenesis, bacterial diversity, and traceability analysis of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigan Yan
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhaoxu Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zijun Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Chengyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Liping Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
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14
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Teklemariam AD, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Alghamdi MA, Filimban AAR, Al Mutiri AS, Al-Alyani AM, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Albar AH, Khormi MA, Bhunia AK. Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091756. [PMID: 37174295 PMCID: PMC10178548 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a worldwide public health threat. Salmonella enterica is the most pathogenic among Salmonella species, comprising over 2500 serovars. It causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, and the serovars responsible for the later disease are known as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Salmonella transmission to humans happens along the farm-to-fork continuum via contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods, including poultry, eggs, fish, pork, beef, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and flour. Several virulence factors have been recognized to play a vital role in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. These factors include capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems that are encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. The increased global prevalence of NTS serovars in recent years indicates that the control approaches centered on alleviating the food animals' contamination along the food chain have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella variants suggests a potential food safety crisis. This review summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the nomenclature, microbiological features, virulence factors, and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Salmonella infections. The recent outbreaks of salmonellosis reported in different clinical settings and geographical regions, including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the USA in the farm-to-fork continuum, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed S Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A R Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Mutiri
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 12843, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alyani
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Jeddah 22311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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15
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Jenkins C, Griffith P, Hoban A, Brown C, Garner J, Bardsley M, Willis C, Jorgensen F, Bird M, Greig DR, Edmunds M, Beck C, Larkins L. Foodborne outbreak of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Shigella sonnei associated with contaminated spring onions in the United Kingdom. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100074. [PMID: 37030629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Globalization of the food supply chain has created conditions favourable for emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens. In November 2021, the UK Health Security Agency detected an outbreak of 17 cases infected with the same strain of MDR extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella sonnei. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequencing data revealed the outbreak was closely related to strains of S. sonnei isolated from travellers returning to the UK from Egypt. None of the outbreak cases reported travel and all 17 cases reported eating food from a restaurant/food outlet in the week prior to symptom onset, of which 11/17 (64.7%) ate at branches of the same national restaurant franchise. All 17 cases were adults and 14/17 (82.4%) were female. Ingredient-level analyses of the meals consumed by the cases identified spring onions as the common ingredient. Food chain investigations revealed that the spring onions served at the implicated restaurants could be traced back to a single Egyptian producer. The foodborne transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria is an emerging global health concern, and concerted action from all stakeholders is required to ensure an effective response to mitigate the risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jenkins
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, NW9 5AT.
| | | | - Anne Hoban
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, NW9 5AT
| | - Claire Brown
- Field Service South West, UK Health Security Agency
| | | | | | - Caroline Willis
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Frieda Jorgensen
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Matthew Bird
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, NW9 5AT
| | - David R Greig
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, NW9 5AT
| | - Matt Edmunds
- Field Service South West, UK Health Security Agency
| | - Charles Beck
- Field Service South West, UK Health Security Agency
| | - Lesley Larkins
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, NW9 5AT
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16
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Morgan G, Saal M, Corr A, Jenkins C, Chattaway MA, Pinchbeck G, Williams N. Isolation of Salmonella species of public health concern from commonly fed dried meat dog treats. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2642. [PMID: 36715168 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried non-heat-treated meat treats, such as ears, skin and tails, are popular supplementary dog foods. Previous studies have demonstrated Salmonella spp. contamination on treats, particularly in pig ears and chicken products. This small, exploratory, cross-sectional study investigated Salmonella spp. presence in dried treats available in the UK. METHODS A selection of dried treats from local pet shops and online retailers underwent bacterial culture for Salmonella spp. and subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, with Salmonella serotype determined by whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Eighty-four samples were tested, with 16% being Salmonella spp. positive. Five Salmonella serotypes were identified, each associated with specific treat types. An antimicrobial-resistant phenotype was identified in 39% of isolates. All serotypes identified are known to cause human infection. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by a small sample size and limited number of retail sources. CONCLUSION Salmonella spp. of public health concern were present in some dried dog treats in this study. Dog owners, pet food retailers and veterinary professionals should be aware of the potential zoonotic disease risk associated with these treats, and appropriate hygiene measures, including thorough hand washing, should be utilised if they are fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genever Morgan
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Mikhela Saal
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Aoife Corr
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Marie Anne Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Nicola Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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17
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García P, Moscoso M, Fuentes-Valverde V, Rodicio MR, Herrera-León S, Bou G. A highly-safe live auxotrophic vaccine protecting against disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium in mice. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:324-336. [PMID: 37610206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) has become an important intestinal pathogen worldwide and is responsible for lethal invasive infections in populations at risk. There is at present an unmet need for preventive vaccines. METHODS IRTA GN-3728 genome was sequenced by Illumina and d-glutamate and d-glutamate/d-alanine knockout-auxotrophs were constructed. They were characterized using electron microscopy, growth/viability curves, reversion analysis, and motility/agglutination assays. Their potential as vaccine candidates were explored using two BALB/c mouse models for Salmonella infections: a systemic and an intestinal inflammation. Clinical signs/body weight and survival were monitored, mucosal lactoferrin and specific/cross-reactive IgA/IgG were quantified by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays and bacterial shedding/burden in fecal/tissues were evaluated. RESULTS The d-glutamate auxotroph, IRTA ΔmurI, is highly attenuated, immunogenic and fully protective against systemic infection. The IRTA ΔmurI Δalr ΔdadX double auxotroph, constructed to reinforce vaccine safety, showed a higher level of attenuation and was 100% effective against systemic disease. In the intestinal model, it proved to be safe, yielding a low-degree of mucosal inflammation, short-term shedding and undetectable invasiveness in the long-term, while eliciting cross-reactive fecal IgA/serum IgG against clinically relevant multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium strains. It also conferred protection against homologous oral challenge, and protected mice from local and extra-intestinal dissemination caused by one MDR strain responsible for an international outbreak of highly severe human infections. Additionally, oral vaccination promoted extended survival after lethal heterologous infection. CONCLUSION This study yielded a very safe S. Typhimurium vaccine candidate that could be further refined for mucosal application against disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC) - Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), 15006 - A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Miriam Moscoso
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC) - Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), 15006 - A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Víctor Fuentes-Valverde
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC) - Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), 15006 - A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 - Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Rosario Rodicio
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 - Oviedo, Spain; Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 - Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Silvia Herrera-León
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Enfermedades Bacterianas Transmitidas por Alimentos, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Germán Bou
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC) - Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), 15006 - A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 - Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Qiu Y, Ozturk S, Cui X, Qin W, Wu Q, Liu S. Increased heat tolerance and transcriptome analysis of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30 heat-shocked at 42 ℃. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112636. [PMID: 37087231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the heat tolerance parameter (D65℃) values of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 (S. Enteritidis ) heat adapted at different degrees (at 42 ℃ for 20-180 min) and cultivated using two methods. The treated group with the highest D65℃ value (LP-42 ℃-60 min) and the untreated groups (Control-TSB and Control-TSA) were subjected to transcriptome analysis. Heat-adaptation increased the D65℃ values of S. Enteritidis by 24.5-60.8%. The D65℃ values of the LP-42 ℃-60 min group (1.85 ± 0.13 min, 7.7% higher) was comparable to that of the Control-TSA. A total of 483 up- and 443 downregulated genes of S. enteritidis were identified in the LP-42 ℃-60 min group (log2fold change > 1, adjusted p-value < 0.05). Among these genes, 5 co-expressed and 15 differentially expressed genes in the LP-42 ℃-60 min and Control-TSA grops possibly contributed to the high D65℃ values of S. Enteritidis . The Rpo regulon was involved in the heat adaptation of S. Enteritidis , as evidenced by the significant upregulation of rpoS, rpoN, and rpoE. KEGG enrichment pathways, such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, tricarboxylic acid, and ribosomes were identified and mapped to reveal the molecular mechanisms of S. enteritidis during heat adaptation. This study quantified the enhanced heat tolerance of S. Enteritidis heat adapted at different degrees of heat-adaptation. The results of this study may serve as a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced heat tolerance at the transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Samet Ozturk
- Department of Food Engineering, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Xinyao Cui
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China; Food Processing and Safety Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shuxiang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China; Food Processing and Safety Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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19
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Using the rear-view mirror to look forward. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:220112e. [PMID: 36695481 PMCID: PMC9837852 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.2.220112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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20
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Chan YW, Hoban A, Moore H, Greig DR, Painset A, Jorgensen F, Chattaway MA, Jenkins C, Balasegaram S, McCormick J, Larkin L. Two Outbreaks of Foodborne Gastrointestinal Infection Linked to Consumption of Imported Melons, United Kingdom, March to August 2021. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100027. [PMID: 36916586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe two foodborne outbreaks caused by contaminated imported melon and make recommendations for future practice. Between March and July 2021, there was an outbreak of 113 cases of Salmonella Braenderup in the UK (62% female, median age 61 years, 33% hospitalized). Analytical epidemiological studies identified Galia melons as the vehicle of infection (OR 671.9, 95% CI 39.0-58,074.0, p < 0.001). Subsequently, the outbreak strain was isolated from two samples of Galia melon imported from Latin America. In July and August 2021, there was an outbreak of 17 cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in the UK (53% female, median age 21 years, 35% were hospitalized). Review of the STEC surveillance questionnaire data, followed by the analysis of responses from a modified hypothesis-generating questionnaire, implicated eating precut watermelon from retailer B sourced from Europe as the vehicle of infection. Outbreaks of gastrointestinal pathogens caused by contaminated food of nonanimal origin are a global public health concern. Given the difficulty in removing pathogens from the flesh of ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables, public health interventions should target all steps of the food chain prior to consumption, from cultivation on the farm to processing/packing and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Wai Chan
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Ann Hoban
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Hannah Moore
- UK Field Epidemiology Training Program (UK FETP), UK Health Security Agency, UK
| | - David R Greig
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Anais Painset
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Frieda Jorgensen
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Marie A Chattaway
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK; Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK.
| | | | - Jacquelyn McCormick
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Lesley Larkin
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
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21
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Lund S, Tahir M, Vohra LI, Hamdana AH, Ahmad S. Outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Sequence Type 34 linked to chocolate products. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104597. [PMID: 36268287 PMCID: PMC9577511 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As of 3rd June 2022, 445 cases of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type 34 infection had been reported globally. The outbreak was caused by two novel strains of monophasic S. Typhimurium with unusual multi-drug resistance. The majority of these cases involved children aged 10 or younger, and they had a hospitalization rate higher than most previous outbreaks of monophasic S. Typhimurium, but no fatalities were recorded. The infection was traced to certain Belgian chocolate products after extensive microbiological and epidemiological research. Public health officials took immediate action to recall all the contaminated products, and the risk of exposure was reduced. The common symptoms are bloody diarrhea, acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting. This article aims to thoroughly review the recent outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST-34, including its epidemiology and comparison with ongoing outbreaks. We also highlighted past chocolate-related salmonella outbreaks and current control and prevention guidelines and recommendations. The present salmonellosis outbreak in Europe was traced to certain chocolate products produced at a plant in Belgium. The majority of these cases involved children aged 10 or younger. This outbreak was caused by two novel strains of monophasic S. Typhimurium with unusual multi-drug resistance. Rare drug resistance to aminoglycosides, phenicols, and trimethoprim can be used for screening of probable cases. For improving food safety, active monitoring, surveillance, inspection, outbreak management, research, and education are needed.
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22
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Li R, Peng K, Huang W, Sun X, Huang Y, Lei G, Lv H, Wang Z, Yang X. The genomic epidemiology of mcr-positive Salmonella enterica in clinical patients from 2014 to 2017 in Sichuan, China and global epidemiological features. J Infect 2022; 85:702-769. [PMID: 36064050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kai Peng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Gaopeng Lei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Hong Lv
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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23
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Matthews PC, Campbell C, Săndulescu O, Matičič M, Ruta SM, Rivero-Juárez A, van Welzen BJ, Tan BK, Garcia F, Gherlan GS, Çınar G, Hasanoğlu İ, Gmizić I, Nicolini LA, Santos L, Sargsyants N, Velikov P, Habibović S, Fourati S, Židovec-Lepej S, Herder V, Dudman S, Miron VD, Irving W, Şahin GÖ. Acute severe hepatitis outbreak in children: A perfect storm. What do we know, and what questions remain? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1062408. [PMID: 36506522 PMCID: PMC9732095 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first half of 2022, the World Health Organization reported an outbreak of acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology (AS-Hep-UA) in children, following initial alerts from the United Kingdom (UK) where a cluster of cases was first observed in previously well children aged <6 years. Sporadic cases were then reported across Europe and worldwide, although in most countries incidence did not increase above the expected baseline. There were no consistent epidemiological links between cases, and microbiological investigations ruled out known infectious causes of hepatitis. In this review, we explore the evidence for the role of viral infection, superimposed on a specific host genetic background, as a trigger for liver pathology. This hypothesis is based on a high prevalence of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) 41F in affected children, together with metagenomic evidence of adeno-associated virus (Adeno-associated viruses)-2, which is a putative trigger for an immune-mediated liver injury. Roles for superantigen-mediated pathology have also been explored, with a focus on the potential contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Affected children also had a high frequency of the MHC allele HLA-DRB1*04:01, supporting an immunological predisposition, and may have been vulnerable to viral coinfections due to disruption in normal patterns of exposure and immunity as a result of population lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss areas of ongoing uncertainty, and highlight the need for ongoing scrutiny to inform clinical and public health interventions for this outbreak and for others that may evolve in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C Matthews
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cori Campbell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-Prof. Dr. Matei Balş, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mojca Matičič
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Maria Ruta
- Virology Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Berend Joost van Welzen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Boun Kim Tan
- INSERM U1052, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Federico Garcia
- Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigacion Ibs.Granada and Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - George Sebastian Gherlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Güle Çınar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İmran Hasanoğlu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ivana Gmizić
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laura Ambra Nicolini
- Division of Infectious Diseases , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lurdes Santos
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D, Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovaçãoem Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Narina Sargsyants
- Ministry of Health, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Petar Velikov
- Infectious Diseases Hospital Prof. Ivan Kirov and Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Selma Habibović
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Virology, INSERM, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Snježana Židovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Daniel Miron
- National Institute for Mother and Child Health "Alessandrescu-Rusescu", Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - William Irving
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gülşen Özkaya Şahin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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