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Musa L, Stefanetti V, Casagrande Proietti P, Grilli G, Gobbi M, Toppi V, Brustenga L, Magistrali CF, Franciosini MP. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Commensal E. coli Isolated from Wild Birds in Umbria (Central Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1776. [PMID: 37889728 PMCID: PMC10252015 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife, including birds, in antimicrobial resistance is nowadays a speculative topic for the scientific community as they could be spreaders/sources of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this respect, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 commensal Escherichia coli strains, isolated from wild birds from an Umbrian rescue centre and admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia (Central Italy) mainly for traumatic injuries. The possible presence of Salmonella spp. and ESBL-producing E. coli was also estimated. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed for ampicillin (85%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47%), probably due to their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine. Seventeen out of the one hundred E. coli isolates (17%) displayed a multidrug-resistance profile, including the beta-lactam category, with the most common resistance patterns to three or four classes of antibiotics. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime exhibited values of 18%, 17% and 15%, respectively. Eight out of the hundred E. coli isolates (8%) were ESBL and seven showed multidrug resistance profiles. Salmonella spp. was not isolated. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, also detected in long-distance migratory birds, suggests the need for monitoring studies to define the role of wild birds in antimicrobial resistance circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Patrizia Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Guido Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Leonardo Brustenga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Maria Pia Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
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2
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Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Administration on Intestinal Morphometry and Antibody Serum Levels in Salmonella-Infantis-Challenged Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020256. [PMID: 36838221 PMCID: PMC9963312 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no studies reporting the effects of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) on intestinal architecture and immunoglobulin serum levels in chickens. Here, we measured these parameters and hypothesized whether probiotic administration could modulate the observed outcomes. Two-hundred 1-day-old COBB 500 male chicks were allocated into four groups: (I) the control, (II) the group treated with L. fermentum, (III) the group exposed to S. Infantis, and (IV) the group inoculated with both bacteria. At 11 days post infection, blood was gathered from animals which were then euthanized, and samples from the small intestine were collected. Intestinal conditions, as well as IgA and IgM serum levels, were assessed. S. Infantis reduced villus-height-to-crypt-depth (VH:CD) ratios in duodenal, jejunal, and ileal sections compared to control conditions, although no differences were found regarding the number of goblet cells, muc-2 expression, and immunoglobulin concentration. L. fermentum improved intestinal measurements compared to the control; this effect was also evidenced in birds infected with S. Infantis. IgM serum levels augmented in response to the probiotic in infected animals. Certainly, the application of L. fermentum elicited positive outcomes in S. Infantis-challenged chickens and thus must be considered for developing novel treatments designed to reduce unwanted infections.
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3
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Gabana ADA, Núncio ASP, Lopes BC, de Oliveira JA, da Silva Monteiro L, de Menezes Coppola M, Furian TQ, Borges KA, Rodrigues LB, Mayer FQ. Different Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Serovars Isolated from Slaughter Calves in Southern Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:11. [PMID: 36459239 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bovines are carriers of Salmonella spp., a relevant foodborne pathogen, acting as contamination sources in slaughterhouses. Calves are prone to infection, and antimicrobial resistance may occur in such bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulence determinants of Salmonella spp. recovered from calves in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Eighty-five calves' carcasses were evaluated (leather and veal meat). Thirteen Salmonella spp. isolates (8%) from 11 animals (13%) were obtained only from leather, indicating that contamination occurred before slaughter and that the meat was safe regarding this aspect. The serotypes S. Minnesota, S. Abony, S. Cerro, and S. Gafsa were identified, and all isolates were multidrug-resistant. The isolates had at least 19 virulence-related genes, and the blaOXA-48 resistance gene was detected in three (23%). The data suggest that treating infections caused by these bacteria may be difficult in animals from these farms and can also be an extended human health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dall Agnol Gabana
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souto Pereira Núncio
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Campus I, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Correa Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Alves de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Monteiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Mario de Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Beatriz Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Campus I, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Azabo R, Dulle F, Mshana SE, Matee M, Kimera S. Antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production on occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli. A systematic review with focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1000457. [PMID: 36353252 PMCID: PMC9637661 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in livestock production has been linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide; however, optimization of their use has been considered an important strategy in dealing with it. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the literature on antimicrobial usage (practices, frequency, class, type) in cattle and poultry production with regard to resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) including multidrug resistance (MDR) (b) summarize evidence for quantitative (volumes of active antimicrobial ingredients) and quality (identify and quantify active ingredient) and (c) to identify data gaps. Peer reviewed literature search was conducted by querying two online databases: PubMed and Google scholar from November 15, 2018 to February 2019. The inclusion criteria for eligibility were articles: published in English between 2008 and 2018, including poultry (chicken) or cattle or both, E. coli bacteria of choice, antimicrobial use on farms, quantitative data and quality of antimicrobial used. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction and Rayyan software for eligibility studies. The search retrieved 1,446 probable articles including those from the reference list of significant papers, of which twenty-four articles remained on full text review with more than a third of the studies being conducted in Nigeria. Farm surveys and antimicrobial sales were identified as the main sources of data and the mean quantities of antimicrobials based on sales data were 23,234, 41,280.87, and 1,538,443 kg of the active ingredient in Nigeria, Zambia and South Africa, respectively. One study from Cameroon determined the quantities of active ingredients based on dose metrics while another study still from Cameroon mentioned the quality of antimicrobials. Tetracyclines, beta-lactams/aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones were the most common classes of antimicrobials (antibiotics) used. Our review reveals a dearth of information in Sub- Saharan Africa on the quantity and quality of veterinary drugs and yet they play a role in the overall picture of antimicrobial resistance. This finding gives an opportunity in the area of focus for future research as far as resistance and multidrug resistance are concerned in food producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Azabo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS) Foundation for One Health Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Frankwell Dulle
- Department of Knowledge Management, Sokoine National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mecky Matee
- Department of Knowledge Management, Sokoine National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sharadhuli Kimera
- Department of Knowledge Management, Sokoine National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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5
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Gupta MD, Sen A, Shaha M, Dutta A, Das A. Occurrence of Shiga toxin‐producing
Escherichia coli
carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in sheep on smallholdings in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2616-2622. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Das Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Khulshi Bangladesh
| | - Arup Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Khulshi Bangladesh
| | - Mishuk Shaha
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Khulshi Bangladesh
| | - Avijit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Khulshi Bangladesh
| | - Ashutosh Das
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Khulshi Bangladesh
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Olawuwo OS, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Leaf Extracts Against Pathogens Implicated in Poultry Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:820304. [PMID: 35310417 PMCID: PMC8926311 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.820304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens are responsible for treatment failure and economic losses, and can also be a source of resistant zoonotic infections representing a risk to human health. In 2006 the European Union banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals and other regions are likely to follow suit. Alternative products and strategies are sought to help maintain animal gut health to reduce the prevalence of pathogens in the food chain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of organic and aqueous leaf extracts of Alchornea laxiflora, Ficus exasperata, Morinda lucida, Jatropha gossypiifolia, Ocimum gratissimum, and Acalypha wilkesiana were tested against bacterial poultry pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and fungal species (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans) using a 2-fold serial microdilution method. Activity of extracts against biofilms of the pathogens was done using a modified crystal violet staining in vitro assay. The safety of extracts was determined against Vero and Caco-2 cells using a tetrazolium-based in vitro assay. Acetone and cold water extracts of M. lucida had the best activity against three bacteria (MIC = 0.05-0.07 mg/ml) and two fungal (MIC = 0.03-0.15 mg/ml) organisms, respectively. The E. coli isolate and A. flavus were the most susceptible bacteria and fungi, respectively. Caco-2 cells generally displayed higher selectivity index (SI) values compared to Vero cells and average SI values against Vero and Caco-2 cells for both bacteria and fungi ranged from 0.01 to 4.48 and 0.005 to 16.41, respectively. All plant extracts had good anti-biofilm activity (>50%) against at least one organism. The disruption of established biofilm growth by the plant samples proved to be more difficult to achieve than efficacy against planktonic forms of bacteria. This study shows that some of the plant species are potential candidates as alternative feed additives in poultry production. In the future, a poultry feed trial to evaluate their in vivo efficacy as herbal feed additives will be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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7
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Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances production by Enterococcus faecium 135 in co-culture with Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:131-141. [PMID: 34988936 PMCID: PMC8882487 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and probiotic cultures in the breeding of animals such as poultry and swine are quite common. It is known that those strains can produce bacteriocins when grown in pure culture. However, the production of bacteriocin using co-culture of microorganisms has not been much studied so far. The present study contributes with innovation in this area by embracing the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by a newly isolated strain of Enterococcus faecium 135. Additionally, the co-cultivation of this strain with Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Limosilactobacillus reuteri was also investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the produced BLIS was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Salmonella enterica, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using two methods: turbidimetric and agar diffusion. In addition, the presence of enterocin genes was also evaluated. The BLIS produced showed a bacteriostatic effect against the bio-indicator strains, and the highest antimicrobial activities expressed by arbitrary units per mL (AU/mL) were obtained against L. monocytogenes in monoculture (12,800 AU/mL), followed by the co-culture of E. faecium with Limosilactobacillus reuteri (400 AU/mL). After concentration with ammonium sulfate, the antimicrobial activity raised to 25,600 AU/mL. Assays to determine the proteinaceous nature of the BLIS showed susceptibility to trypsin and antimicrobial activity until 90 °C. Finally, analysis of the presence of structural genes of enterocins revealed that four enterocin genes were present in E. faecium 135. These results suggest that BLIS produced by E. faecium 135 has potential to be a bacteriocin and, after purification, could potentially be used as an antimicrobial agent in animal breeding.
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Stefanova RD. Prevalence of poultry Escherichia coli isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and their public health importance. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, different reports highlighted the problem with dissemination of Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in poultry farms in Europe. The high incidence of Escherichia coli among poultry in Europe harbouring blaCTX-M-1 and the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in raw meat samples collected from slaughterhouses in Europe have been discussed. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae can be transmitted along the broiler production chain. Plasmids responsible for ESBL production frequently carry genes coding resistance to other antimicrobial classes, such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides. Resistance to cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae is of special concern for public health, because these antimicrobial agents are critically important. The aim of this mini review was to describe the mechanisms of resistance and prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli. It is important to investigate the spread of these bacteria among poultry, the role of farm birds as reservoir of E. coli and the risk for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Stefanova
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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9
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Lopez-Chavarrias V, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Barcena C, Olarra A, Garcia M, Saez JL, de Frutos C, Serrano T, Perez I, Moreno MA, Dominguez L, Alvarez J. Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance to Aminoglycosides and Macrolides in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni From Healthy Livestock in Spain (2002-2018). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689262. [PMID: 34276619 PMCID: PMC8283307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni) is a concern due to its importance in public health, particularly when it involves aminoglycosides and macrolides, drugs of choice for treatment of human cases. Co-resistance to these two antimicrobial classes involves transfer of genetic elements and/or acquisition of mutations in different genetic loci, which can in turn spread through vertical or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) phenomena, with each route having different potential implications. This study aimed at evaluating the association between the presence of phenotypic resistance to these two antimicrobial classes in C. coli and C. jejuni recovered from livestock at slaughterhouses in Spain (as part of the AMR surveillance program), and at assessing the genetic heterogeneity between resistant and susceptible isolates by analysing the "short variable region" (SVR) of the flaA gene. Over the 2002-2018 period, antimicrobial susceptibility test results from 10,965 Campylobacter isolates retrieved from fecal samples of broilers, turkeys, pigs and cattle were collected to compare the proportion of resistant isolates and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against six antimicrobials including gentamicin (GEN), streptomycin (STR), and erythromycin (ERY). AMR-associated genes were determined for a group of 51 isolates subjected to whole genome sequencing, and the flaA SVR of a subset of 168 isolates from all hosts with different resistotypes was used to build a Neighbor-Joining-based phylogenetic tree and assess the existence of groups by means of "relative synonymous codon usage" (RSCU) analysis. The proportion of antimicrobial resistant isolates to both, aminoglycosides and macrolides, varied widely for C. coli (7-91%) and less for C. jejuni (all hosts 0-11%). Across hosts, these proportions were 7-56% in poultry, 12-82% in cattle, and 22-91% in pigs for C. coli and 0-8% in poultry and 1-11% in cattle for C. jejuni. Comparison of the MIC distributions revealed significant host-specific differences only for ERY in C. jejuni (p = 0.032). A significant association in the simultaneous presentation of AMR to both antimicrobial classes was observed across hosts/bacterial species. The flaA gene analysis showed clustering of isolates sharing resistotype and to a lesser degree bacterial species and host. Several resistance markers associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides were found among the sequenced isolates. The consistent association between the simultaneous presentation of AMR to aminoglycosides and macrolides in all hosts could be due to the persistence of strains and/or resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter populations in livestock over time. Further studies based on whole genome sequencing are needed to assess the epidemiological links between hosts and bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barcena
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Olarra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Garcia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina de Frutos
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV Algete), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Serrano
- TRAGSATEC, Tecnologías y Servicios Agrarios S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Iratxe Perez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV Algete), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Dominguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Karahutová L, Mandelík R, Bujňáková D. Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilm-Associated Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic and Healthy Dogs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061334. [PMID: 34205399 PMCID: PMC8234098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria isolated from companion animals are attracting concerns in a view of public health including antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development, both contributing to difficult-to-treat infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 18 antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from two groups of dogs (healthy and diarrheic). Isolates were classified into phylogroups, examined for the presence of resistance genes and biofilm-formation capacity. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 47.37% and 34.22% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal groups (A; B1) in contrast to diarrheic dogs; 42.2% of isolates were identified as the B2 phylogroup, and these E. coli bacteria formed a stronger biofilm. The results of healthy dogs showed higher MIC levels for tetracycline (32 mg/L), ampicillin (64 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (8 mg/L) and trimethoprim-sulphonamide (8 mg/L) compared to clinical breakpoints. The most detected gene encoding plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in the healthy group was qnrB, and in dogs with diarrhea, qnrS. The resistance genes were more frequently detected in healthy dogs. The presence of the integron int1 and the transposon tn3 increases the possibility of transfer of many different cassette-associated antibiotic-resistance genes. These results suggest that dogs could be a potential reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Karahutová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - René Mandelík
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-727-62-76
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11
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Gebeyehu DT. Antibiotic Resistance Development in Animal Production: A Cross-Sectional Study. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2021; 12:101-108. [PMID: 34041013 PMCID: PMC8140932 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s310169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background In recent years, an increase in the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens especially foodborne zoonotic bacteria has been observed. As a result, crude mortality rates are increasing due to those resistant bacteria in both human and animal populations, particularly in developing countries like Tanzania where the risk of infection is high due to poor biosecurity measures, close animal–human interactions, and extensive use of antimicrobials for animal productions. One of those zoonotic bacterial pathogens, which commonly contaminates food, is Salmonella. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out on samples collected from diarrheic sheep, to assess the level of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella. From 165 fecal samples, 80 of which were tested positive for Salmonella. The antibiotic resistance level of Salmonella isolates was conducted by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using ten commonly used antibiotics in the study area. Results Out of 80 Salmonella positive samples, all (100%) of them were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin while sixty-eight (85%), 68 (85%), and 60 (75%) isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and kanamycin, respectively. Thirty (37.5%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim and tetracycline and 25% of the isolates were resistant to both doxycycline and chloramphenicol while 12.5% of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. Conclusion This study revealed that the Salmonella isolates of diarrheic sheep developed a wide range of resistance to different antibiotics. Further studies and integrative approaches in a one health framework among animal–human and environmental health professionals are recommended for the mitigation of health risks arising from antibiotic-resistant zoonotic pathogens like Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Teshome Gebeyehu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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12
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Sarjana Safain K, Bhuyan GS, Hassan Hasib S, Islam MS, Mahmud-Un-Nabi MA, Sultana R, Tasnim S, Noor FA, Sarker SK, Islam MT, Rahat A, Leung DT, Domman D, Manzoor F, Anwar S, Majid Bhuiyan MA, Chowdhury EK, Qadri SS, Qadri F, Mannoor K. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from hospitalised patients in Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:720-729. [PMID: 33838068 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterisation of resistance phenotype and genotype is crucial to understanding the burden and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to determine the spectrum of AMR and associated genes encoding aminoglycoside, macrolide and β-lactam classes of antimicrobials in bacteria isolated from hospitalised patients in Bangladesh. METHODS 430 bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory, intestinal, wound infections and typhoid fever, presenting to clinical care from 2015 to 2019, were examined. They included Escherichia coli (n = 85); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 84); Salmonella typhi (n = 82); Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 42); Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 36); coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 28); Enterococcus faecalis (n = 27); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26); and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 20). Reconfirmation of these clinical isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility tests was performed. PCR amplification using resistance gene-specific primers was done, and the amplified products were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS 53% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), including 97% of Escherichia coli. There was a year-wise gradual increase in MDR isolates from 2015 to 2018, and there was an almost twofold increase in the number of MDR strains isolated in 2019 (P = 0.00058). Among the 5 extended-spectrum β-lactamases investigated, CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent (63%) followed by NDM-1 (22%); Escherichia coli was the major reservoir of these genes. The ermB (55%) and aac(6')-Ib (35%) genes were the most frequently detected macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance genes, respectively. CONCLUSION MDR pathogens are highly prevalent in hospital settings of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Sarjana Safain
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sarower Bhuyan
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Hassan Hasib
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sazzadul Islam
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Al Mahmud-Un-Nabi
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rosy Sultana
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Immunology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Tasnim
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Akther Noor
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suprovath Kumar Sarker
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarikul Islam
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asifuzzaman Rahat
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daryl Domman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Farhana Manzoor
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sajid Anwar
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Majid Bhuiyan
- BIHSH and UHC Component Institution, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emran Kabir Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Saleheen Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaiissar Mannoor
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Antimicrobial Resistance, FlaA Sequencing, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter Isolates from Broiler Chicken Flocks in Greece. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8050068. [PMID: 33919370 PMCID: PMC8143292 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis caused by thermophilic Campylobacter species is the most commonly reported foodborne zoonosis. Consumption of contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the main source of human infection. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular epidemiology of 205 Campylobacter isolates derived from Greek flocks slaughtered in three different slaughterhouses over a 14-month period. A total of 98.5% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. In terms of multidrug resistance, 11.7% of isolates were resistant to three or more groups of antimicrobials. Extremely high resistance to fluoroquinolones (89%), very high resistance to tetracycline (69%), and low resistance to macrolides (7%) were detected. FlaA sequencing was performed for the subtyping of 64 C. jejuni and 58 C. coli isolates. No prevalence of a specific flaA type was observed, indicating the genetic diversity of the isolates, while some flaA types were found to share similar antimicrobial resistance patterns. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Seven clusters of the C. jejuni phylogenetic tree and three clusters of the C. coli tree were considered significant with bootstrap values >75%. Some isolates clustered together were originated from the same or adjacent farms, indicating transmission via personnel or shared equipment. These results are important and help further the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. derived from poultry in Greece.
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14
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Ewers C, de Jong A, Prenger-Berninghoff E, El Garch F, Leidner U, Tiwari SK, Semmler T. Genomic Diversity and Virulence Potential of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains From Healthy Food Animals Across Europe. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626774. [PMID: 33868190 PMCID: PMC8047082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of livestock animals as a putative source of ESBL/pAmpC E. coli for humans is a central issue of research. In a large-scale pan-European surveillance, 2,993 commensal Escherichia spp. isolates were recovered from randomly collected fecal samples of healthy cattle, pigs and chickens in various abattoirs. One-hundred Escherichia spp. isolates (0.5% from cattle, 1.3% pigs, 8.0% chickens) fulfilled the criteria for cefotaxime and ceftazidime non-wildtype (EUCAST). In silico screening of WGS data of 99 isolates (98 E. coli and 1 E. fergusonii) revealed blaSHV–12 (32.3%), blaCTX–M–1 (24.2%), and blaCMY–2 (22.2%) as predominant ESBL/pAmpC types. Other types were blaSHV–2 (1.0%), blaCTX–M–2/–14/–15 (1.0/6.1/1.0%), and blaTEM–52 (5.1%). Six isolates revealed AmpC-promoter mutations (position −42 (C > T) and one carried mcr-1. The majority (91.3%) of ESBL/pAmpC genes were located on plasmids. SHV-12 was mainly (50%) encoded on IncI1α plasmids (pST-3/-26/-95), followed by IncX3 (12.5%) and IncK2 (3.1%). The blaTEM–52 genes were located on IncI1α-pST-36 (60%) and IncX1 plasmids (20%). The dominant plasmid lineage among CTX-M-1 isolates was IncI1α (pST-3/-295/-317) (87.5%), followed by IncN-pST-1 (8.3%). CMY-2 was mostly identified on IncI1α (pST-12/-2) (54.5%) and IncK2 (31.8%) plasmids. Several plasmids revealed high similarity to published plasmids from human and animal Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates were assigned to phylogroups A/C (34.7/7.1%), B1 (27.6%), B2 (3.1%), D/F (9.2/10.2%), E (5.1%), and to E. clades (3.0%). With 51 known and 2 novel MLST types, a wide variety of STs was found, including STs previously observed in human isolates (ST10/38/117/131/648). ESBL/AmpC types or STs were rarely correlated with the geographic origin of the isolates or animal species. Virulence gene typing identified extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC; 2.0%), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC; 51.5%), and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 6.1%). In conclusion, the high diversity of STs and phylogenetic groups provides hardly any hint for clonal spread of single lineages but hints toward the dissemination of cephalosporin resistance genes in livestock via distinct, globally successful plasmid lineages. Even though a number of isolates could not be assigned to a distinct pathotype, our finding of combined multidrug-resistance and virulence in this facultative pathogen should be considered an additional threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Ewers
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anno de Jong
- European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance in Animals (EASSA) Study Group, Executive Animal Health Study Center (CEESA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Farid El Garch
- European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance in Animals (EASSA) Study Group, Executive Animal Health Study Center (CEESA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ursula Leidner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sumeet K Tiwari
- NG1 Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG1 Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Mokgophi TM, Gcebe N, Fasina F, Adesiyun AA. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolates on Chickens Processed and Retailed at Outlets of the Informal Market in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030273. [PMID: 33804304 PMCID: PMC8000370 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella on chickens processed and retailed at outlets of the informal markets in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study also investigated the relationship of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella to the source and type of samples and their serotypes. Carcass swabs, cloacal swabs and carcass drips were randomly collected from each of 151 slaughtered chickens from six townships. Isolation and identification were performed using standard and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the resistance of Salmonella isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents and PCR to determine their serovars. Ninety-eight (64.9%) of the 151 chickens were contaminated with Salmonella of which 94.9% (93/98) were resistant serovars. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was high to erythromycin (94.9%) and spectinomycin (82.7%) but was low to ciprofloxacin (1.0%) and norfloxacin (1.0%) (p < 0.05). All 170 isolates of Salmonella tested exhibited resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents and the frequency varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the townships, the type of samples and the serovars. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella was 81.8% (139/170). Our findings pose zoonotic, food safety and therapeutic risks to workers and consumers of undercooked, contaminated chickens from these outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma M. Mokgophi
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Agricultural Research Council–Bacteriology and Zoonotic Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Folorunso Fasina
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Dar es Salaam 14111, Tanzania & Department of Vet-erinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Correspondence:
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16
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Investigation of a Truncated Aptamer for Ofloxacin Detection Using a Rapid FRET-Based Apta-Assay. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120860. [PMID: 33287135 PMCID: PMC7761777 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the use of a new truncated aptamer for the determination of ofloxacin (OFL), being a principal quinolone commonly used in both human and animal healthcare. Since the affinity of a 72-mer ssDNA sequence has been previously described without further investigations, this paper demonstrates the first computational prediction of the binding motif between this aptamer and OFL through in silico molecular docking studies. Besides, we suggest the application of the characterized recognition mechanism in a simple FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) pattern for the rapid aptasensing of the quinolone of interest. Accordingly, our approach harnesses the fluorescence quenching of the fluorescein-tagged aptamer (FAM-APT) induced by its partial hybridization to a tetramethyl rhodamine-labelled complementary ssDNA (TAMRA-cDNA). In such a structure, dye labels brought into close proximity act as a FRET pair. Upon ofloxacin addition, an affinity competition occurs to form a more stable FAM-APT/OFL complex, thus unquenching the FAM-APT signal. Interestingly, the recovered fluorescence intensity was found to correlate well with the antibiotic's concentrations in the range of 0.2-200 μM in HEPES buffer, with a linear response that ranged between 0.2 and 20 μM. The rapid apta-assay achieved limits of detection and quantification of 0.12 and 0.40 μM, respectively. The truncated aptamer has also shown an improved specificity toward OFL than other quinolones, compared to the original full-length aptamer described in previous works. Finally, the practical application of the developed apta-assay was successfully confirmed to detect OFL quinolone in spiked milk samples, with satisfactory recoveries ranging between 97.4% and 111.4%.
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17
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Khine NO, Lugsomya K, Kaewgun B, Honhanrob L, Pairojrit P, Jermprasert S, Prapasarakul N. Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Harboring Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance: mcr-1 and mcr-3 Genes in Contracted Pig Farms in Thailand. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:582899. [PMID: 33240958 PMCID: PMC7683614 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.582899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoding mcr gene family in the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the crucial global concerns. The use of colistin in livestock rearing is believed to be the cause of mcr gene spreading and is of impact to public health. The objective of this research was to detect the frequency and virulent genes of mcr-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) in fecal samples from healthy pigs in a contract farming system across Thailand. A total of 696 pooled samples were derived from 80 farms, located in 49 provinces across six regions of Thailand. The colistin-resistant E. coli were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution. The antibiogram was determined using an automated susceptibility machine, and the genetic characteristics were investigated for mcr-1–5 genes, phylogenetic group, replicon types, and virulent genes. In total, 31 of 696 samples were positive, with E. coli containing mcr-1 or combination of mcr-1 and mcr-3 with incidence of 4.45 and 0.43%. Phylogenetic groups A and B1 and the IncF and IncFIB replicon types were predominantly found in the MCRPE located in the central area, with multidrug-resistant traits against 3–14 types of antimicrobials. Additionally, 19 of 31 isolates identified as enterotoxigenic E. coli were with the stap and stb (enterotoxin-encoding genes). In conclusion, a low carriage rate of mcr-positive E. coli was detected in the large-scale farming of healthy pigs. The association between multidrug-resistant MCRPE and their pathogenic potential should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Benjarong Kaewgun
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lertrob Honhanrob
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Pairojrit
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthipat Jermprasert
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit (DMAP), Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Massella E, Reid CJ, Cummins ML, Anantanawat K, Zingali T, Serraino A, Piva S, Giacometti F, Djordjevic SP. Snapshot Study of Whole Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli from Healthy Companion Animals, Livestock, Wildlife, Humans and Food in Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110782. [PMID: 33172096 PMCID: PMC7694828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals, humans and food are all interconnected sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), allowing extensive and rapid exchange of AMR bacteria and genes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize 279 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from animals (livestock, companion animals, wildlife), food and humans in Italy. E. coli predominantly belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 (46.6%) and A (29%) using the original Clermont criteria. One hundred and thirty-six sequence types (STs) were observed, including different pandemic (ST69, ST95, ST131) and emerging (ST10, ST23, ST58, ST117, ST405, ST648) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) lineages. Eight antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and five chromosomal mutations conferring resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) were identified (qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, blaCTX-M1,15,55, blaCMY-2, gyrA/parC/parE, ampC and pmrB). Twenty-two class 1 integron arrangements in 34 strains were characterized and 11 ARGs were designated as intI1 related gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aad23, ant2_Ia, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA17, cmlA1). Notably, most intI1 positive strains belonged to rabbit (38%) and poultry (24%) sources. Three rabbit samples carried the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in association with IS6 family insertion elements. Poultry meat harbored some of the most prominent ExPEC STs, including ST131, ST69, ST10, ST23, and ST117. Wildlife showed a high average number of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) (mean = 10), mostly associated with an ExPEC pathotype and some predominant ExPEC lineages (ST23, ST117, ST648) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Massella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Cameron J. Reid
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.J.R.); (M.L.C.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Max L. Cummins
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.J.R.); (M.L.C.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Kay Anantanawat
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.J.R.); (M.L.C.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiziana Zingali
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.J.R.); (M.L.C.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.M.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.J.R.); (M.L.C.); (K.A.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Islam S, Urmi UL, Rana M, Sultana F, Jahan N, Hossain B, Iqbal S, Hossain MM, Mosaddek ASM, Nahar S. High abundance of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in chicken gut-bacteria in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17292. [PMID: 33057111 PMCID: PMC7560609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered a last-resort reserved drug for the treatment of critical human infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). Prior colistin usage led to a substantial increase in the proportion of bacteria with mcr-genes and phenotypic resistance (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Umme Laila Urmi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masud Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Billal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Samiul Iqbal
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, Dhaka, 1210, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Md Mosaddek
- Department of Pharmacology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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20
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Gregova G, Kmet V. Antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli strains isolated from animal rendering plant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17108. [PMID: 33051473 PMCID: PMC7553926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of animal carcasses and other animal wastes in rendering plants is a significant source of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The main goal of this study was to investigate the resistance to 18 antibacterial agents including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, colistin and virulence factors (iss, tsh, cvaC, iutA, papC, kps and ibeA genes) in 88 Escherichia coli strains isolated from a rendering plant over 1 year period. ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and plasmid-mediated Amp were screened by interpretative reading of MIC. ESBL phenotype was detected in 20.4% of samples and high level of resistance to fluoroquinolone was found in 27.2% of strains. Cephalosporinase CTX-M1, cephamycinase CMY-2, integrase 1 and transposon 3 genes were detected by PCR. Furthermore, there were found three CMY-2 producing E. coli with O25b-ST131, resistant to the high level of enrofloxacin and containing the gene encoding the ferric aerobactin receptor (iutA). One enrofloxacin resistant E. coli strain possessed iss, ibeA, kps and papC virulence genes also with CMY-2, integrase1 and Tn3. ST131 E. coli with CMY-2 has a zoonotic potential and presents a serious health risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gregova
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
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21
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Wang W, Zhao L, Hu Y, Dottorini T, Fanning S, Xu J, Li F. Epidemiological Study on Prevalence, Serovar Diversity, Multidrug Resistance, and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Salmonella spp. from Patients with Diarrhea, Food of Animal Origin, and Pets in Several Provinces of China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00092-20. [PMID: 32312775 PMCID: PMC7318004 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00092-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 2,283 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18,334 samples, including samples from patients with diarrhea, food of animal origin, and pets, across 5 provinces of China. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was detected in chicken meats (39.3%, 486/1,237). Fifteen serogroups and 66 serovars were identified, with Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis being the most dominant. Most (85.5%, 1,952/2,283) isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial, and 56.4% were multidrug resistant (MDR). A total of 222 isolates harbored extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and 200 of these were of the CTX-M type and were mostly detected in isolates from chicken meat and turtle fecal samples. Overall, eight blaCTX-M genes were identified, with blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-123, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-79, and blaCTX-M-130 being the most prevalent. In total, 166 of the 222 ESBL-producing isolates had amino acid substitutions in GyrA (S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, and D87Y) and ParC (S80I), while the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes oqxA, oqxB, qepA, qnrB, and qnrS were detected in almost all isolates. Of the 15 sequence types (STs) identified in the 222 ESBLs, ST17, ST11, ST34, and ST26 ranked among the top 5 in number of isolates. Our study revealed considerable serovar diversity and a high prevalence of the co-occurrence of MDR determinants, including CTX-M-type ESBLs, quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations, and PMQR genes. This is the first report of CTX-M-130 Salmonella spp. from patients with diarrhea and QRDR mutations from turtle fecal samples. Our study emphasizes the importance of actions, both in health care settings and in the veterinary medicine sector, to control the dissemination of MDR, especially the CTX-M-type ESBL-harboring Salmonella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Séamus Fanning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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22
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Antunes P, Novais C, Peixe L. Food-to-Humans Bacterial Transmission. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0019-2016. [PMID: 31950894 PMCID: PMC10810214 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0019-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms vehiculated by food might benefit health, cause minimal change within the equilibrium of the host microbial community or be associated with foodborne diseases. In this chapter we will focus on human pathogenic bacteria for which food is conclusively demonstrated as their transmission mode to human. We will describe the impact of foodborne diseases in public health, the reservoirs of foodborne pathogens (the environment, human and animals), the main bacterial pathogens and food vehicles causing human diseases, and the drivers for the transmission of foodborne diseases related to the food-chain, host or bacteria features. The implication of food-chain (foodborne pathogens and commensals) in the transmission of resistance to antibiotics relevant to the treatment of human infections is also evidenced. The multiplicity and interplay of drivers related to intensification, diversification and globalization of food production, consumer health status, preferences, lifestyles or behaviors, and bacteria adaptation to different challenges (stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance) from farm to human, make the prevention of bacteria-food-human transmission a modern and continuous challenge. A global One Health approach is mandatory to better understand and minimize the transmission pathways of human pathogens, including multidrug-resistant pathogens and commensals, through food-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Antunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Wurpts G, Aberer W, Dickel H, Brehler R, Jakob T, Kreft B, Mahler V, Merk HF, Mülleneisen N, Ott H, Pfützner W, Röseler S, Ruëff F, Sitter H, Sunderkötter C, Trautmann A, Treudler R, Wedi B, Worm M, Brockow K. S2k-Leitlinie: Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf eine Betalaktamantibiotika-Überempfindlichkeit. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-019-1876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Rafei R, Al Kassaa I, Osman M, Dabboussi F, Hamze M. Molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter isolates from broiler slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:675-682. [PMID: 31321996 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1645945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. The real burden of Campylobacter spp. in Lebanon is still unknown. The aims of this study were to unravel the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in broilers at slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon and to characterise their antibiotic resistance profiles.2. From May to November 2015, sampling was performed through five repeated surveys from 15 slaughterhouses that sold chicken directly to Lebanese customers. Isolates were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (flaA-RFLP).3. All investigated slaughterhouses were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter coli was the predominant species (38 isolates) followed by C. jejuni (eight isolates). A noticeable level of resistance was detected among isolates against ciprofloxacin (97% of C. coli and 87.5% of C. jejuni), amoxicillin (89% of C. coli and 75% of C. jejuni), gentamicin (79% of C. coli and 50% of C. jejuni), and co-amoxiclav (24% of C. coli and 25% of C. jejuni). Erythromycin and ertapenem resistance were observed only in C. coli with the following percentages 74% and 13% respectively, but not in C. jejuni. PFGE and flaA-RFLP using DdeI as restriction enzyme divided the strains into 27 and 25 types respectively.4. The high observed genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. revealed the complexity of the spread of this genus in broilers. This study highlighted the pressing need to monitor antibiotic resistance and to ensure food safety from 'farm to fork' in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - I Al Kassaa
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - M Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - F Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - M Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
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25
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Abstract
Optimization of antimicrobial treatment is a cornerstone in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Various national and international authorities and professional veterinary and farming associations have released generic guidelines on prudent antimicrobial use in animals. However, these generic guidelines need to be translated into a set of animal species- and disease-specific practice recommendations. This article focuses on prevention of antimicrobial resistance and its complex relationship with treatment efficacy, highlighting key situations where the current antimicrobial drug products, treatment recommendations, and practices may be insufficient to minimize antimicrobial selection. The authors address this topic using a multidisciplinary approach involving microbiology, pharmacology, clinical medicine, and animal husbandry. In the first part of the article, we define four key targets for implementing the concept of optimal antimicrobial treatment in veterinary practice: (i) reduction of overall antimicrobial consumption, (ii) improved use of diagnostic testing, (iii) prudent use of second-line, critically important antimicrobials, and (iv) optimization of dosage regimens. In the second part, we provided practice recommendations for achieving these four targets, with reference to specific conditions that account for most antimicrobial use in pigs (intestinal and respiratory disease), cattle (respiratory disease and mastitis), dogs and cats (skin, intestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory disease), and horses (upper respiratory disease, neonatal foal care, and surgical infections). Lastly, we present perspectives on the education and research needs for improving antimicrobial use in the future.
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26
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Abstract
One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. The drivers of antimicrobial resistance include antimicrobial use and abuse in human, animal, and environmental sectors and the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and around the globe. Most of the classes of antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in humans are also used in animals. Given the important and interdependent human, animal, and environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, it is logical to take a One Health approach when addressing this problem. This includes taking steps to preserve the continued effectiveness of existing antimicrobials by eliminating their inappropriate use and by limiting the spread of infection. Major concerns in the animal health and agriculture sectors are mass medication of animals with antimicrobials that are critically important for humans, such as third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long-term, in-feed use of medically important antimicrobials, such as colistin, tetracyclines, and macrolides, for growth promotion. In the human sector it is essential to prevent infections, reduce over-prescribing of antimicrobials, improve sanitation, and improve hygiene and infection control. Pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste is expanding the resistome in the environment. Numerous countries and several international agencies have included a One Health approach within their action plans to address antimicrobial resistance. Necessary actions include improvements in antimicrobial use regulation and policy, surveillance, stewardship, infection control, sanitation, animal husbandry, and alternatives to antimicrobials. WHO recently has launched new guidelines on the use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antimicrobials routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.
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27
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Osimani A, Milanović V, Cardinali F, Garofalo C, Clementi F, Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Isidoro N, Loreto N, Galarini R, Moretti S, Petruzzelli A, Micci E, Tonucci F, Aquilanti L. Distribution of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Laboratory-Reared Edible Mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor L.). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2702. [PMID: 30510544 PMCID: PMC6252353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in laboratory-reared fresh mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.), their feeding substrates (carrots and wheatmeal), and frass was assessed. Microbial counts on selective media added with antibiotics highlighted the presence of lactic acid bacteria resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin and, more specifically, enterococci resistant to the latter antibiotic. Moreover, staphylococci resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin were detected. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin were also found, together with Pseudomonadaceae resistant to gentamicin. Some of the genes coding for resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) [erm(A), erm(C)], vancomycin [vanA, vanB], tetracycline [tet(O)], and β-lactams [mecA and blaZ] were absent in all of the samples. For the feeding substrates, organic wheatmeal was positive for tet(S) and tet(K), whereas no AR genes were detected in organic carrots. The genes tet(M), tet(K), and tet(S) were detected in both mealworms and frass, whereas gene aac-aph, coding for resistance to amynoglicosides was exclusively detected in frass. No residues for any of the 64 antibiotics belonging to 10 different drug classes were found in either the organic wheatmeal or carrots. Based on the overall results, the contribution of feed to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes and/or antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in mealworm larvae was hypothesized together with vertical transmission via insect egg smearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Cardinali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nino Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Petruzzelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Centro di Riferimento Regionale Autocontrollo, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Micci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Centro di Riferimento Regionale Autocontrollo, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Franco Tonucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Centro di Riferimento Regionale Autocontrollo, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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28
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Navarro-Gonzalez N, Castillo-Contreras R, Casas-Díaz E, Morellet N, Concepción Porrero M, Molina-Vacas G, Torres RT, Fonseca C, Mentaberre G, Domínguez L, Lavín S, Serrano E. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in urban versus rural wild boars. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Non-typhoidal
Salmonella
is the most common foodborne bacterial pathogen in most countries. It is widely present in food animal species, and therefore blocking its transmission through the food supply is a prominent focus of food safety activities worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal
Salmonella
arises in large part because of antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Tracking resistance in
Salmonella
is required to design targeted interventions to contain or diminish resistance and refine use practices in production. Many countries have established systems to monitor antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
and other bacteria, the earliest ones appearing the Europe and the US. In this chapter, we compare recent
Salmonella
antibiotic susceptibility data from Europe and the US. In addition, we summarize the state of known resistance genes that have been identified in the genus. The advent of routine whole genome sequencing has made it possible to conduct genomic surveillance of resistance based on DNA sequences alone. This points to a new model of surveillance in the future that will provide more definitive information on the sources of resistant
Salmonella
, the specific types of resistance genes involved, and information on how resistance spreads.
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Lépine AFP, de Wit N, Oosterink E, Wichers H, Mes J, de Vos P. Lactobacillus acidophilus Attenuates Salmonella-Induced Stress of Epithelial Cells by Modulating Tight-Junction Genes and Cytokine Responses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1439. [PMID: 30013538 PMCID: PMC6036613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Salmonellosis is a prevalent food-borne illness that causes diarrhea in over 130 million humans yearly and can lead to death. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to antibiotics as many salmonellae are now multidrug resistant. As such, specific beneficial bacteria and dietary fibers can be an alternative as they may prevent Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) infection and spreading by strengthening intestinal barrier function. Methods and Results: We tested whether immune active long-chain inulin-type fructans and/or L. acidophilus W37, L. brevis W63, and L. casei W56 can strengthen barrier integrity of intestinal Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of a STM. Effects of the ingredients on intestinal barrier function were first evaluated by quantifying trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER) and regulation of gene expression by microarray. Only L. acidophilus had effects on TEER and modulated a group of 26 genes related to tight-junctions. Inulin-type fructans, L. brevis W63 and L. casei W56 regulated other genes, unrelated to tight-junctions. L. acidophilus also had unique effects on a group of six genes regulating epithelial phenotype toward follicle-associated epithelium. L. acidophilus W37 was therefore selected for a challenge with STM and prevented STM-induced barrier disruption and decreased secretion of IL-8. Conclusion:L. acidophilus W37 increases TEER and can protect against STM induced disruption of gut epithelial cells integrity in vitro. Our results suggest that selection of specific bacterial strains for enforcing barrier function may be a promising strategy to reduce or prevent STM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia F. P. Lépine
- Section Immuno-endocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Food Quality and Health Effects, Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Wit
- Food Quality and Health Effects, Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Els Oosterink
- Food Quality and Health Effects, Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry Wichers
- Food Quality and Health Effects, Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Mes
- Food Quality and Health Effects, Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Section Immuno-endocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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31
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MacKinnon MC, Pearl DL, Carson CA, Parmley EJ, McEwen SA. Comparison of annual and regional variation in multidrug resistance using various classification metrics for generic Escherichia coli isolated from chicken abattoir surveillance samples in Canada. Prev Vet Med 2018; 154:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Leekitcharoenphon P, Garcia‐Graells C, Botteldoorn N, Dierick K, Kempf I, Olkkola S, Rossi M, Nykäsenoja S, Malorny B, Stingl K, Battisti A, Franco A, Mossong J, Veldman K, Mevius D, Wasyl D, Wieczorek K, Osek J, Clemente L, Lacatus A, Nicorescu I, García MA, Escobar CDF, Ferrer MD, Ugarte‐Ruiz M, Anjum MF, Teale C, Ågren J, Hendriksen RS, Aarestrup FM. Comparative genomics of quinolone‐resistant and susceptible Campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin from major poultry producing European countries (GENCAMP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.en-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and Genomics European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance Denmark
| | | | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- Institut Scientifique Santé Publique (WIV‐ISP) Faculty of Veterinary University of Zaragoza
| | - Katelijne Dierick
- Institut Scientifique Santé Publique (WIV‐ISP) Faculty of Veterinary University of Zaragoza
| | | | - Satu Olkkola
- Microbiology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Finland
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Microbiology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Finland
| | - Suvi Nykäsenoja
- Microbiology Research Unit Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Finland
| | | | - Kerstin Stingl
- NRL for the Analysis and Testing of Zoonoses (Salmonella)
| | - Antonio Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana Italy
| | - Alessia Franco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana Italy
| | | | - Kees Veldman
- Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) part of Wageningen UR The Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) part of Wageningen UR The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacek Osek
- National Veterinary Research Institute Poland
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- INIAV ‐ National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research Microbiology and Mycology Laboratory Portugal
| | - Angela Lacatus
- Institute for Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health Romania
| | | | | | | | | | - María Ugarte‐Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and Genomics European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance Denmark
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and Genomics European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance Denmark
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33
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Hadziabdic S, Fischer J, Malorny B, Borowiak M, Guerra B, Kaesbohrer A, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Szabo I. In Vivo Transfer and Microevolution of Avian Native IncA/C 2blaNDM-1-Carrying Plasmid pRH-1238 during a Broiler Chicken Infection Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02128-17. [PMID: 29437622 PMCID: PMC5913973 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02128-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wildlife and livestock animals pose an important safety concern for public health. With our in vivo broiler chicken infection study, we investigated the transfer and experimental microevolution of the blaNDM-1-carrying IncA/C2 plasmid (pRH-1238) introduced by avian native Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Corvallis without inducing antibiotic selection pressure. We evaluated the dependency of the time point of inoculation on donor (S Corvallis [12-SA01738]) and plasmid-free Salmonella recipient [d-tartrate-fermenting (d-Ta+) S Paratyphi B (13-SA01617), referred to here as S Paratyphi B (d-Ta+)] excretion by quantifying their excretion dynamics. Using plasmid profiling by S1 nuclease-restricted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we gained insight into the variability of the native plasmid content among S Corvallis reisolates as well as plasmid acquisition in S Paratyphi B (d-Ta+) and the enterobacterial gut microflora. Whole-genome sequencing enabled us to gain an in-depth insight into the microevolution of plasmid pRH-1238 in S Corvallis and enterobacterial recipient isolates. Our study revealed that the fecal excretion of avian native carbapenemase-producing S Corvallis is significantly higher than that of S Paratyphi (d-Ta+) and is not hampered by S Paratyphi (d-Ta+). Acquisition of pRH-1238 in other Enterobacteriaceae and several events of plasmid pRH-1238 transfer to different Escherichia coli sequence types and Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated an interspecies broad host range. Regardless of the microevolutionary structural deletions in pRH-1238, the single carbapenem resistance marker blaNDM-1 was maintained on pRH-1238 throughout the trial. Furthermore, we showed the importance of the gut E. coli population as a vector of pRH-1238. In a potential scenario of the introduction of NDM-1-producing S Corvallis into a broiler flock, the pRH-1238 plasmid could persist and spread to a broad host range even in the absence of antibiotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sead Hadziabdic
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Malorny
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Borowiak
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Guerra
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Istvan Szabo
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
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Jans C, Sarno E, Collineau L, Meile L, Stärk KDC, Stephan R. Consumer Exposure to Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria From Food at Swiss Retail Level. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:362. [PMID: 29559960 PMCID: PMC5845543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is an increasing health concern. The spread of AMR bacteria (AMRB) between animals and humans via the food chain and the exchange of AMR genes requires holistic approaches for risk mitigation. The AMRB exposure of humans via food is currently only poorly understood leaving an important gap for intervention design. Method: This study aimed to assess AMRB prevalence in retail food and subsequent exposure of Swiss consumers in a systematic literature review of data published between 1996 and 2016 covering the Swiss agriculture sector and relevant imported food. Results: Data from 313 out of 9,473 collected studies were extracted yielding 122,438 food samples and 38,362 bacteria isolates of which 30,092 samples and 8,799 isolates were AMR positive. A median AMRB prevalence of >50% was observed for meat and seafood harboring Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Vibrio spp. and to a lesser prevalence for milk products harboring starter culture bacteria. Gram-negative AMRB featured predominantly AMR against aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines observed at AMR exposures scores of levels 1 (medium) and 2 (high) for Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli in meat as well as Vibrio and E. coli in seafood. Gram-positive AMRB featured AMR against glycoproteins, lincosamides, macrolides and nitrofurans for Staphylococcus and Enterococcus in meat sources, Staphylococcus in seafood as well as Enterococcus and technologically important bacteria (incl. starters) in fermented or processed dairy products. Knowledge gaps were identified for AMR prevalence in dairy, plant, fermented meat and novel food products and for the role of specific indicator bacteria (Staphylococcus, Enterococcus), starter culture bacteria and their mobile genetic elements in AMR gene transfer. Conclusion: Raw meat, milk, seafood, and certain fermented dairy products featured a medium to high potential of AMR exposure for Gram-negative and Gram-positive foodborne pathogens and indicator bacteria. Food at retail, additional food categories including fermented and novel foods as well as technologically important bacteria and AMR genetics are recommended to be better integrated into systematic One Health AMR surveillance and mitigation strategies to close observed knowledge gaps and enable a comprehensive AMR risk assessment for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Sarno
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Carmo LP, Nielsen LR, Alban L, da Costa PM, Schüpbach-Regula G, Magouras I. Veterinary Expert Opinion on Potential Drivers and Opportunities for Changing Antimicrobial Usage Practices in Livestock in Denmark, Portugal, and Switzerland. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 29546044 PMCID: PMC5837977 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock is requested by Public Health authorities. Ideally, this should be achieved without jeopardizing production output or animal health and welfare. Thus, efficient measures must be identified and developed to target drivers of AMU. Veterinarians play a central role in the identification and implementation of such efficient interventions. Sixty-seven veterinarians with expertise in livestock production in Denmark, Portugal, and Switzerland participated in an expert opinion study aimed at investigating experiences and opinions of veterinarians about the driving forces and practices related to AMU in the main livestock sectors (broiler, dairy cattle, fattening/veal calf, and pig industry) of the aforementioned countries. Opinions on potential factors influencing the choice of antimicrobials and opportunities to reduce AMU were collected. Antibiograms are seldom used, mainly due to the time lag between testing and obtaining the results. The perceived percentage of treatment failures varied between countries and livestock sectors; however, little changes were reported over time (2005-2015). The animal health problems of each livestock sector most frequently leading to AMU did not vary substantially between countries. Mandatory official interventions (i.e., binding measures applied by national or international authorities) were highlighted as having the biggest impact on AMU. There was a variation in the experts' opinion regarding feasibility and impact of interventions both between countries and livestock sectors. Nevertheless, improved biosecurity and education of veterinarians frequently received high scores. Most veterinarians believed that AMU can be reduced. The median potential reduction estimates varied from 1% in Swiss broilers to 50% in Portuguese broilers and veal/fattening calves in all countries. We hypothesize that the differences in views could be related to disease epidemiology, animal husbandry, and socio-economic factors. A profound investigation of these disparities would provide the required knowledge for developing targeted strategies to tackle AMU and consequently resistance development. However, experts also agreed that mandatory official interventions could have the greatest impact on antimicrobial consumption. Furthermore, improvement of biosecurity and education of veterinarians, the use of zinc oxide (in pigs), improving vaccination strategies, and the creation of treatment plans were the measures considered to have the largest potential to reduce AMU. This paper can inform policymakers in Europe and countries with a similar animal production regarding their AMU policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís P. Carmo
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Liza R. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lis Alban
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paulo M. da Costa
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ioannis Magouras
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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de Curraize C, Amoureux L, Bador J, Chapuis A, Siebor E, Clément C, Sauge J, Aho-Glélé LS, Neuwirth C. "Does the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) confer invasiveness properties to human isolates?". BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:741. [PMID: 29195496 PMCID: PMC5709944 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the eighties, a multidrug resistant clone of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 emerged in UK and disseminated worldwide. This clone harbored a Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) that consists of a backbone and a multidrug resistant region encoding for penta-resistance (ampicillin, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, streptomycin/spectinomycin, sulphonamides and tetracycline (ACSSuT)). Several authors suggested that SGI1 might have a potential role in enhancement of virulence properties of Salmonella enterica. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nontyphoidal S. enterica isolates carrying SGI1 cause more severe illness than SGI1 free ones in humans. METHODS From 2011 to 2016, all patients infected with nontyphoidal S. enterica in our hospital were retrospectively included. All nontyphoidal S. enterica isolates preserved in our University Hospital (Dijon, France) were screened for the presence of SGI1. Clinical and biological data of patients were retrospectively collected to evaluate illness severity. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Fisher's exact test for univariate analysis, and by logistic regression for multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 100 isolates of S. enterica (22 serovars) were collected. Twelve isolates (12%) belonging to 4 serovars harbored SGI1: S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. St Paul. The severity of the disease was age-related (for invasive infection, sepsis and inflammatory response) and was associated with immunosuppression (for invasive infection, sepsis and bacteremia) but not with the presence of SGI1 or with antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION A rather high proportion (12%) of human clinical isolates belonging to various serovars (for the first time serovar St Paul) and harboring various antimicrobial resistance profile carried SGI1. Diseases due to SGI1-positive S. enterica or to antimicrobial resistant isolates were not more severe than the others. This first clinical observation should be confirmed by a multicenter and prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de Curraize
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Lucie Amoureux
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bador
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Angélique Chapuis
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Eliane Siebor
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Claire Clément
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Juliette Sauge
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | - Catherine Neuwirth
- Bacteriology Department, University Hospital Dijon and UMR 6249, PTB, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cedex, France
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Schmutz C, Bless PJ, Mäusezahl D, Jost M, Mäusezahl-Feuz M. Acute gastroenteritis in primary care: a longitudinal study in the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network, Sentinella. Infection 2017; 45:811-824. [PMID: 28779435 PMCID: PMC5696444 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute gastroenteritis (AG) leads to considerable burden of disease, health care costs and socio-economic impact worldwide. We assessed the frequency of medical consultations and work absenteeism due to AG at primary care level, and physicians' case management using the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network "Sentinella". METHODS During the 1-year, longitudinal study in 2014, 172 physicians participating in "Sentinella" reported consultations due to AG including information on clinical presentation, stool diagnostics, treatment, and work absenteeism. RESULTS An incidence of 2146 first consultations due to AG at primary care level per 100,000 inhabitants in Switzerland was calculated for 2014 based on reported 3.9 thousand cases. Physicians classified patients' general condition at first consultation with a median score of 7 (1 = poor, 10 = good). The majority (92%) of patients received dietary recommendations and/or medical prescriptions; antibiotics were prescribed in 8.5%. Stool testing was initiated in 12.3% of cases; more frequently in patients reporting recent travel. Among employees (15-64 years), 86.3% were on sick leave. Median duration of sick leave was 4 days. CONCLUSIONS The burden of AG in primary care is high and comparable with that of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Switzerland. Work absenteeism is substantial, leading to considerable socio-economic impact. Mandatory infectious disease surveillance underestimates the burden of AG considering that stool testing is not conducted routinely. While a national strategy to reduce the burden of ILI exists, similar comprehensive prevention efforts should be considered for AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmutz
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Justus Bless
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mäusezahl
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Jost
- Federal Office of Public Health, Schwarzenburgstrasse 157, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
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Webb HE, Angulo FJ, Granier SA, Scott HM, Loneragan GH. Illustrative examples of probable transfer of resistance determinants from food animals to humans: Streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. F1000Res 2017; 6:1805. [PMID: 29188021 PMCID: PMC5686510 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials contributes to selection and dissemination of bacterial resistance determinants that may be transferred to humans and constitute a global public health concern. Because of the continued emergence and expansion of antimicrobial resistance, combined with the lack of novel antimicrobial agents, efforts are underway to preserve the efficacy of current available life-saving antimicrobials in humans. As a result, uses of medically important antimicrobials in food animal production have generated debate and led to calls to reduce both antimicrobial use and the need for use. This manuscript, commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help inform the development of the WHO guidelines on the use of medically important antimicrobials in food animals, includes three illustrations of antimicrobial use in food animal production that has contributed to the selection-and subsequent transfer-of resistance determinants from food animals to humans. Herein, antimicrobial use and the epidemiology of bacterial resistance are described for streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. Taken together, these historical and current narratives reinforce the need for actions that will preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie E. Webb
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Frederick J. Angulo
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94701, France
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Li J, Hao H, Cheng G, Wang X, Ahmed S, Shabbir MAB, Liu Z, Dai M, Yuan Z. The effects of different enrofloxacin dosages on clinical efficacy and resistance development in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11676. [PMID: 28916830 PMCID: PMC5601478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the optimal dosage which can improve clinical efficacy and minimize resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model of enrofloxacin was established. Effect of enrofloxacin treatments on clearance of Salmonella in experimentally infected chickens and simultaneously resistance selection in Salmonella and coliforms were evaluated in three treatment groups (100, PK/PD designed dosage of 4, 0.1 mg/kg b.w.) and a control group. Treatment duration was three rounds of 7-day treatment alternated with 7-day withdrawal. Results showed that 100 mg/kg b.w. of enrofloxacin completely eradicated Salmonella, but resistant coliforms (4.0-60.8%) were selected from the end of the second round's withdrawal period till the end of the experiment (days 28-42). PK/PD based dosage (4 mg/kg b.w.) effectively reduced Salmonella for the first treatment duration. However upon cessation of medication, Salmonella repopulated chickens and persisted till the end with reduced susceptibility (MICCIP = 0.03-0.25 mg/L). Low frequency (5-9.5%) of resistant coliforms was selected (days 39-42). Enrofloxacin at dosage of 0.1 mg/kg b.w. was not able to eliminate Salmonella and selected coliforms with slight decreased susceptibility (MICENR = 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, short time treatment (7 days) of enrofloxacin at high dosage (100 mg/kg b.w.) could be effective in treating Salmonella infection while minimizing resistance selection in both Salmonella and coliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Hindermann D, Gopinath G, Chase H, Negrete F, Althaus D, Zurfluh K, Tall BD, Stephan R, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis from Food and Human Infections, Switzerland, 2010-2015: Poultry-Related Multidrug Resistant Clones and an Emerging ESBL Producing Clonal Lineage. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1322. [PMID: 28751886 PMCID: PMC5507995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in Switzerland. Methods: We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis on all 520 S. Infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 32 selected isolates. Results: The majority (74.8%) of the isolates was multidrug resistant (MDR). PFGE analysis revealed that 270 (51.9%) isolates shared an identity of 90%. All isolates subjected to WGS belonged to sequence type (ST) 32 or a double-locus variant thereof (one isolate). Seven (21.9%) of the sequenced isolates were phylogenetically related to the broiler-associated clone B that emerged in Hungary and subsequently spread within and outside of Europe. In addition, three isolates harboring blaCTX-M-65 on a predicted large (∼320 kb) plasmid grouped in a distinct cluster. Conclusion: This study documents the presence of the Hungarian clone B and related clones in food and human isolates between 2010 and 2015, and the emergence of a blaCTX-M-65 harboring MDR S. serovar Infantis lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hindermann
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Gopal Gopinath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Hannah Chase
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Flavia Negrete
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Denise Althaus
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Ben D. Tall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZürich, Switzerland
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Johnson TJ, Shank JM, Johnson JG. Current and Potential Treatments for Reducing Campylobacter Colonization in Animal Hosts and Disease in Humans. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:487. [PMID: 28386253 PMCID: PMC5362611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. In the developed world, Campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. Once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. Traditionally, severe or prolonged cases of campylobacteriosis have been treated with antibiotics; however, overuse of these antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. As the incidence of antibiotic resistance, emergence of post-infectious diseases, and economic burden associated with Campylobacter increases, it is becoming urgent that novel treatments are developed to reduce Campylobacter numbers in commercial poultry and campylobacteriosis in humans. The purpose of this review is to provide the current status of present and proposed treatments to combat Campylobacter infection in humans and colonization in animal reservoirs. These treatments include anti-Campylobacter compounds, probiotics, bacteriophage, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins, all of which may be successful at reducing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans and/or colonization loads in poultry. In addition to reviewing treatments, we will also address several proposed targets that may be used in future development of novel anti-Campylobacter treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylor J Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Janette M Shank
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah G Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
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Carmo LP, Nielsen LR, Alban L, Müntener CR, Schüpbach-Regula G, Magouras I. Comparison of Antimicrobial Consumption Patterns in the Swiss and Danish Cattle and Swine Production (2007-2013). Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:26. [PMID: 28303244 PMCID: PMC5332391 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary antimicrobial consumption patterns vary considerably across Europe. These differences are not only limited to the total amount consumed but are also observed with regards to the relative proportion of the various antimicrobial classes used. Currently, most of the data on veterinary antimicrobials are reported at sales level without any information on the consumption by different animal species. This hinders a proper comparison of antimicrobial consumption at the species level between countries. However, it is imperative to improve our understanding on antimicrobial usage patterns at the species level, as well as on the drivers contributing to those differences. This will allow for development of tailored interventions with the lowest possible risk for human health, while ensuring effective treatment of diseased livestock. An important step to attain such an objective is to perform detailed comparisons of the antimicrobial consumption in each species between countries. We compared antimicrobial consumption estimates for cattle and pigs in Switzerland and Denmark, in order to distinguish species-specific patterns and trends in consumption from 2007 to 2013. Swiss data were obtained from a previous study that assessed methodologies to stratify antimicrobial sales per species; Danish antimicrobial consumption estimates were assembled from Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme reports. A decrease in antimicrobial consumption in milligrams per kilogram of biomass was observed for both countries (4.5% in Denmark and 34.7% in Switzerland) when comparing 2013 to 2007. For pigs and cattle, the overall consumption per kilogram of biomass of most antimicrobial classes was higher in Switzerland than in Denmark. Large variations in the relative consumption of different antimicrobial classes were also evident. Sulfonamides/trimethoprim and tetracyclines were consumed in a higher proportion in Switzerland than in Denmark, whereas the relative consumption of penicillins was higher in Denmark. The differences observed in veterinary antimicrobial consumption are not solely related to animal demographic characteristics in these two countries. Other factors, such as the level of biosecurity and farming practices, veterinarians and farmers’ education, or governmental/industry programs put in place might also partly explain these variations. These differences should be taken into account when aiming to implement targeted interventions to reduce antimicrobial consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís P Carmo
- Vetsuisse, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Liza R Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lis Alban
- Danish Agriculture & Food Council , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Cedric R Müntener
- Institut für Veterinärpharmakologie und -toxikologie, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - Ioannis Magouras
- Vetsuisse, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2015. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04694. [PMID: 32625402 PMCID: PMC7009883 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The data on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria in 2015, submitted by 28 EU Member States (MSs), were jointly analysed by EFSA and ECDC. Resistance in zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter from humans, animals and food, and resistance in indicator Escherichia coli as well as meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food were addressed. ‘Microbiological’ resistance was assessed using epidemiological cut‐off (ECOFF) values; for some countries, qualitative data on human isolates were interpreted in a way which corresponds closely to the ECOFF‐defined ‘microbiological’ resistance. In Salmonella from humans, high proportions of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines, whereas resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins was low. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from fattening pigs and calves under one year of age, resistance to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulfonamides was frequently detected, whereas resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins was uncommon. For the first time, presumptive extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐production in Salmonella and Escherichia coli was monitored in humans (Salmonella), meat (pork and beef), fattening pigs and calves. Varying occurrence/prevalence rates of ESBL‐/AmpC‐producers were observed between countries, and carbapenemase‐producing Escherichia coli were detected in single samples of pig meat and from fattening pigs from two MSs. Resistance to colistin was observed at low levels in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from fattening pigs and calves under one year of age and meat thereof. In Campylobacter from humans, high to extremely high proportions of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines, particularly in C. coli. In a few countries, a third to half of C. coli in humans were resistant also to erythromycin, leaving few options for treatment of severe Campylobacter infections. High resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was observed in C. coli isolates from fattening pigs, whereas much lower levels were recorded for erythromycin. Co‐resistance to critically important antimicrobials in both human and animal isolates was generally uncommon.
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Poller AM, Spieker E, Lieberzeit PA, Preininger C. Surface Imprints: Advantageous Application of Ready2use Materials for Bacterial Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1129-1135. [PMID: 27936575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four different materials (two ab initio synthesized polyurethanes; ready-to-use: Epon1002F and poly(vinyl alcohol)/N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl)pyridinium methosulfate acetal) for the generation of Escherichia coli surface imprints are compared in this work. The use of commercially available, ready-to-use materials instead of self-synthesized polymers represents an innovative and convenient way of molecular imprint fabrication. This was herein investigated for large, biological templates. Fully synthesized imprint materials (polyurethanes) were developed and optimized regarding their OH excess and the use of catalyst in the polymerization reaction. No to low OH excess (0-10%) and a noncatalyzed synthesis were determined to be superior for the imprinting of the Gram-negative bacteria. Imprints were characterized using atomic force microscopy, with Epon1002F yielding the most distinguished imprints, along with a smooth surface. The imprints were afterward tested as plastic antibody coatings in a mass-sensitive quartz-crystal microbalance measurement. Dilutions of E. coli suspensions, down to a limit of detection of 1.4 × 107 CFU/mL, were successfully measured. Best results were obtained with Epon1002F and self-synthesized, stoichiometric polyurethane. Since ready-to-use Epon1002F was superior in terms of signal intensities and sensitivity, it can advantageously replace self-synthesized polymers for the generation of imprinted sensor surfaces. Easy day-to-day reproducibility and further shortening of imprint fabrication time are other advantages of employing the ready-to-use material instead of conventionally synthesized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Poller
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Spieker
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Claudia Preininger
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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45
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The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Founou LL, Founou RC, Essack SY. Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1881. [PMID: 27933044 PMCID: PMC5120092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are now "endangered species" facing extinction due to the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Food animals are considered as key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the use of antibiotics in the food production industry having contributed to the actual global challenge of ABR. There are no geographic boundaries to impede the worldwide spread of ABR. If preventive and containment measures are not applied locally, nationally and regionally, the limited interventions in one country, continent and for instance, in the developing world, could compromise the efficacy and endanger ABR containment policies implemented in other parts of the world, the best-managed high-resource countries included. Multifaceted, comprehensive, and integrated measures complying with the One Health approach are imperative to ensure food safety and security, effectively combat infectious diseases, curb the emergence and spread of ABR, and preserve the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations. Countries should follow the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommendations to implement national action plans encompassing human, (food) animal, and environmental sectors to improve policies, interventions and activities that address the prevention and containment of ABR from farm-to-fork. This review covers (i) the origin of antibiotic resistance, (ii) pathways by which bacteria spread to humans from farm-to-fork, (iii) differences in levels of antibiotic resistance between developed and developing countries, and (iv) prevention and containment measures of antibiotic resistance in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luria Leslie Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban, South Africa
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of CameroonYaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sabiha Yusuf Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban, South Africa
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Nhung NT, Cuong NV, Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E37. [PMID: 27827853 PMCID: PMC5187518 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Nhung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen V Cuong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Day M, Doumith M, Jenkins C, Dallman TJ, Hopkins KL, Elson R, Godbole G, Woodford N. Antimicrobial resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O157 and O26 isolated from human cases of diarrhoeal disease in England, 2015. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:145-152. [PMID: 27678285 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic and transmission to humans occurs via contaminated food or contact with infected animals. In this study, WGS data were used to predict antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in STEC from symptomatic human cases to assess the extent of transmission of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from animals to humans. METHODS WGS data from 430 isolates of STEC were mapped to genes known to be associated with phenotypic AMR. Susceptibility testing was performed by a breakpoint method on all viable isolates exhibiting resistance to at least one antimicrobial. RESULTS 327/396 (82.6%) of STEC O157 and 22/34 (64.7%) of STEC O26 lacked identifiable resistance genes and were predicted to be fully susceptible to 11 diverse classes of antimicrobials. For the remaining 81 isolates, 74 were phenotypically tested and there was concordance between WGS-predicted resistance and expression of phenotypic resistance. The most common resistance profile was ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulphonamide and tetracycline occurring in 25 (5.8%) isolates. Resistance to other antimicrobials, including resistance to chloramphenicol (2.1%), resistance to azithromycin (0.2%) and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (2.6%), was less frequent. Three isolates were identified as ESBL producers. CONCLUSIONS β-Lactams, trimethoprim/sulphonamides and tetracyclines account for the majority of therapeutic antimicrobials sold for veterinary use and this may be a risk factor for the presence of AMR in domestically acquired human clinical isolates of STEC. Isolates that were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and azithromycin and had reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were associated with cases who reported recent travel abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Day
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Michel Doumith
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Richard Elson
- Gastrointestinal and Emerging Zoonotic Infections Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Neil Woodford
- Bacteriology Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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49
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Gammelsrud KW, Knudsen PK, Høiby EA. A novel Direct MIC-gradient Strip Method to screen for antibiotic-resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 129:94-97. [PMID: 27526992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to detect resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae was developed by applying MIC-gradient strips directly onto agar plates inoculated with faeces. The method provided the susceptibility pattern (MICs) of the dominant bacterial population directly on the plates and also detected smaller resistant subpopulations with a sensitivity of 1/10(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Wiger Gammelsrud
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, PB 4956 Nydalen, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1171 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Knudsen
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, PB 4956 Nydalen, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1171 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Arne Høiby
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
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50
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Arcila-Lozano LS, Ríos-Corripio MA, García-Pérez BE, Jaramillo-Flores ME, González CA, Rocha-Gracia RC, Gracia-Jiménez JM, Rojas-López M. Fluorescent Bioconjugate Based on Gold Nanoparticles for the Determination of Staphylococcus aureus. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. E. García-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-Depto. de Inmunología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M. E. Jaramillo-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-Depto. de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C. A. González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. C. Rocha-Gracia
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J. M. Gracia-Jiménez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Física, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M. Rojas-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, México
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