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Knaus S, Steininger J, Klinger D, Riedl S. Body Mass Index Distributions and Obesity Prevalence in a Transgender Youth Cohort - A Retrospective Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:127-132. [PMID: 38752964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate differences in auxological parameters between transgender and cisgender adolescents. METHODS Retrospective analysis of auxological data of 269 transgender and gender diverse patients (75% assigned female at birth or AFAB, 25% assigned male at birth or AMAB) at the outpatient clinic for Pediatric Endocrinology at the Vienna General Hospital. All were treatment naïve at initial measurement. Height and weight data were compared to current World Health Organization (WHO) standards, defining a standard deviation score (SDS) of ≥ 1 ≤ 2 as overweight and > 2 as obese. RESULTS In our untreated transgender population (mean age 15.7 years), 20% were overweight and 17% obese. Mean BMI was 0.64 SDS above the WHO average (p < .001). This result was more pronounced in the AFAB subgroup (+0.73 SDS, p < .001) than in the AMAB group (+0.37 SDS, p = .07). The AMAB group showed markedly higher BMI variance compared to WHO standards (p < .001) and to the AFAB group (p = .03), due to a higher relative number of underweight observations. When correcting for psychiatric diagnosis, transgender patients were still significantly overweight (p < .001). In patients for whom data both pregender-affirming hormone therapy and during gender-affirming hormone therapy was available (n = 133), BMI SDS did not change significantly over time (p = .22). DISCUSSION We observed significantly higher rates of overweight and obesity in our adolescent transgender cohort. The reasons are likely complex and multifactorial. This makes eating and exercise behaviors central in both transgender care and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knaus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johanna Steininger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Klinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Riedl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Moliterno P, Donhauser V, Widhalm K. Childhood Obesity Trends among 8-11-Year-Olds: Insights from a School Sample in Vienna, Austria (2017-2023). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:431. [PMID: 38671648 PMCID: PMC11049460 DOI: 10.3390/children11040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In Austria, childhood obesity is a public health concern. This study examined time trends in the percentage of obesity among a sample of schoolchildren from Vienna (2017-2023). The body mass index percentiles of 326 children [9.3 years old (95% CI 8.3-10.5, min-max 8.0-10.9] from the EDDY study were calculated for trend analyses. Trend analysis was performed using a logistic regression using overweight and obesity as dependent binary variables, and study year and age as independent continuous variables. The percentage change over time was calculated, including the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity percentages increased from 23.5 (95% CI 15.1-31.9)% in 2017 to 25.0 (95% CI 12.2-37.8)% in 2023. From 2017 to 2023, while overweight/obesity percentages decreased by 25.9 (-59.5-15.6)%, obesity increased by 6.4 (-51.2-94.9)%. A non-significant trend (p ≥ 0.38) was observed. During the first period of the pandemic, the percentage changes in overweight/obesity and obesity were 68.4 (5.6-187.9)% and 29.2 (-37.3-166.8)%, respectively. The current percentage of obesity in this sample is high and peaked in 2020 during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the need for future investigations considering the representativeness of the school-aged population in Austria to gain a broader picture of overweight and obesity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moliterno
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Victoria Donhauser
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Irschik S, Brandt JB, Eisenkölbl J. COVID-19 pandemic-related weight gain in the pediatric population declined after restrictions ended, except among obese patients. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1260269. [PMID: 37942242 PMCID: PMC10628554 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity has become an important topic, not only of increasing relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic but specifically enhanced by it. Restrictions implemented to mitigate further outbreaks led to major constraints on daily physical activity, leading to a severe increase in body weight among children. This study highlights changes in BMI and weight development in children during and (in particular) after the COVID-19 restrictions in Austria, focusing on various socioeconomic factors. Methods Weight development throughout the pandemic and socioeconomic factors were evaluated by anonymous cross-sectional surveys filled out by parents at a pediatric practice. Results This study included 388 children. The rate of obesity increased by 88.5%, from 6.4 to 12.1%, throughout the pandemic, reaching a maximum of 15.2% during the restrictions. Overall, age-adapted BMI z-scores increased significantly by 0.22 during the restrictions and remained increased by 0.19 compared to pre-pandemic levels. With the exception of obese children, all children in the study population experienced significant weight loss after the restrictions were lifted. Obese children continued to gain weight without any sign of the onset of normalization. Socioeconomic factors, such as participation in regular activity in the form of organized sport or the availability of an outdoor area, were associated with relevant differences before the pandemic but had no protective effect against intra-pandemic weight gain. A higher level of parental education was the only factor associated with less weight gain in children during the early phase of the pandemic. Discussion Austrian COVID-19 restrictions have had concerning effects on pediatric BMI, with very little effect of socioeconomic background. After restrictions were loosened, measurable weight loss occurred, but the significant increase in children's BMI percentiles persisted. No weight loss was observed among children who were obese prior to the pandemic. There is a need for broad projects tackling childhood obesity, as obese children are the most vulnerable group with the strongest and most severe long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer B. Brandt
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Prvulović N, Djordjević M, Pantelić S. Gender differences and climate zones in overweight and obesity prevalence in European elementary school children from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1198877. [PMID: 37808999 PMCID: PMC10558048 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After 2000, there are more obese than underweight people in the world. We face a rapid increase in average global warming of 1.5°C, reported as a syndemic problem of three interconnected epidemics: obesity, global warming, and undernutrition. We aimed to analyze the impact and association between global warming and obesity in children and differences by gender across Europe after 2000. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. The considered population were children aged 6-14. Only cross-sectional studies that defined obesity by the IOTF cutoffs and the subjects' place of residence, used to determine precise climate zones, were included. We assessed the prevalence of obesity and overweight using a random-effects and the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method when heterogeneity was greater/lower than 50%. We did a subgroup analysis for prevalence across gender, obesity, and overweight, two decades, regions, countries, and the Köppen-Geiger climate zones. Random effects of the meta-regression were used to study the global warming impact and differences in trends across European countries by gender for both conditions separately. Results We identified 114 studies that included 985,971 children from 39 European countries. A significant difference between genders was in favor of obese girls 4.78 (95% CI: 3.85-5.93) versus boys 5.76% (95% CI: 5.11-6.48, p = 0.03), respectively, but not for overweight children. Most of the obese girls were in South Europe 7.51% (95% CI: 6.61-8.51) versus East Europe 2.86% (95% CI: 23-3.12), versus boys in South Europe 8.66% (95% CI: 7.68-9.74) and North Europe 3.49% (95% CI: 2.90-4.19), respectively. The "cold" Köppen-Geiger climate zone, with lowest temperatures, has the largest trend rise between two decades of 2.8% and 1.53% for obese girls and boys, and 5.31% and 1.81% for overweight girls and boys, respectively, followed by the smallest number of obese girls 3.28% (95% CI: 2.17-4.92) and boys 3.58% (95% CI: 2.39-5.33), versus the zone with the highest temperatures "hot" for girls 7.02% (95% CI: 6.30-7.82) and for boys 8.23% (95% CI: 7.55-8.96), respectively. The meta-regression proved global warming has a significant impact on the distribution of obesity and overweight across climate zones, R2 = 0.52 and R2 = 0.22. No significant gender differences, or significant interaction, was noted. Conclusion Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the association between and impact of global warming on obesity. This impact increases obesity among children in Europe throughout all climate zones, and emphasizes an urgent call for further preventive methods in schools, since obesity differences continue their trend of disappearing into the future.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021282127, identifier: CRD42021282127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Prvulović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Saša Pantelić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Jarnig G, Jaunig J, Kerbl R, Strenger V, Haeusler G, van Poppel MNM. Acceleration in BMI gain following COVID-19 restrictions. A longitudinal study with 7- to 10-year-old primary school children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12890. [PMID: 35083879 PMCID: PMC9286467 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ramifications of COVID-19 restrictions might accelerate the already rising proportion of children with overweight or obesity. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between COVID-19 restrictions and changes in body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of children with overweight or obesity. METHODS Cohort study with baseline measurements in September 2019 (prior to COVID-19 restrictions) and follow-up in June 2020, September 2020, and March 2021 at 12 primary schools in Austria. The height and weight of 738 children aged 7 to 10 years were measured and age- and sex-specific national and international standardized values were calculated. Changes over time were analysed by analysis of variance. RESULTS Mean BMIIOTF standard deviation scores (SDS) increased by 0.24 (95% CI, 0.21-0.28) between September 2019 and March 2021. The proportion of children with overweight or obesity increased from 20.7% to 26.2% during this period (p < 0.001) using national reference values-EQUI BMIAUT -comparable results were observed. Simultaneously, the heightAUT SDS increased by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.05-0.08) with a larger increase in girls (+0.11; p < 0.001) than in boys (+0.03; p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 restrictions were associated with accelerated increases in mean BMI and the proportion of children with overweight or obesity. The increase in height SDS in girls calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Reinhold Kerbl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineLKH Hochsteiermark/LeobenAustria
| | - Volker Strenger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and AllergologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General PaediatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Gabriele Haeusler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology‐ Vienna Bone and Growth CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
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Change in BMI and Fitness among Primary School Children in Austria: A 24-Month Follow-Up Study of 303 Children Measured before and during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050078. [PMID: 35622487 PMCID: PMC9147516 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic not only impacted the health of school children directly through SARS-CoV-2 infections, but the associated closures of schools and sports facilities also resulted in long-term negative side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19-related mitigation measures on the health and fitness status of primary school children in Austria. A total of 303 primary school children participated in the longitudinal study. Data on height, weight, and fitness were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2019) and at one-year intervals (September 2020 and September 2021) during the course of the pandemic. In the first year, from September 2019 to September 2020, there were alarming increases in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs) (from 0.32 to 0.49) and dramatic decreases in both cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) (from 0.49 to −0.43) and action speed (from −0.31 to −0.64). In the second year (September 2020 to September 2021), the BMI scores stabilized, and improvements in CRE were observed, especially in the subgroup of children who were members of sports clubs. In the future, more initiatives and projects, in addition to sports club activities, should be started and expanded, particularly in schools, to specifically counteract the observed health damage and, thus, have a positive effect on the development of all children, especially those without sports club membership.
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The Impact of COVID-19-Related Mitigation Measures on the Health and Fitness Status of Primary School Children in Austria: A Longitudinal Study with Data from 708 Children Measured before and during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10030043. [PMID: 35324652 PMCID: PMC8949892 DOI: 10.3390/sports10030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19-related closing of schools and sport facilities resulted in major changes to daily routines worldwide. It was the aim of this study to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related mitigation measures on the health and fitness status of primary school children in Austria. Seven hundred and eight primary school children (7–10 years old) participated in the longitudinal study. Data on height, weight, waist circumference, and fitness were collected before (September 2019) and during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 20, September 20, March 21, June 21). A significant increase in EQUI BMIAUT (ηp2 = 0.087) and significant changes (ηp2 = 0.355) in waist circumference were found. Cardiorespiratory endurance (ηp2 = 0.440) and action speed (ηp2 = 0.221) decreased dramatically following lockdowns/school closures. In contrast, muscle strength showed no significant changes. The COVID-19-related mitigation measures intended to contain a communicable disease resulted in an acceleration of the pre-existing pandemic of overweight and obesity. The adverse combination of increasing BMI and the loss of physical fitness is likely to result in long-term negative effects on the health status of growing and developing individuals. Health professionals should therefore not only support further longitudinal observations of this “non-communicable disease” but also support intervention programs to reverse this worrying side-effect of COVID-19-associated containment policies.
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Jarnig G, Jaunig J, Kerbl R, Lima RA, van Poppel MNM. A Novel Monitoring System (AUT FIT) for Anthropometrics and Physical Fitness in Primary School Children in Austria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2021; 10:sports10010004. [PMID: 35050969 PMCID: PMC8822895 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in primary school children is important for the prevention of future health problems. Many of the existing test batteries that are useful for monitoring require expensive test materials, specialized test administrators, and a lot of space. This limits the usefulness of such tests for widespread use. The aim of this pilot study was to design and evaluate monitoring tools for anthropometrics and physical fitness tests in primary schools, called AUT FIT. The test battery consists of height, weight, and waist circumference measurement and eight fitness tests (6 min run, V sit-and-reach, jumping sideways, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, ruler drop, single leg stand). Data of 821 children aged 7 to 10 years were gathered. Most AUT FIT tests showed excellent test–retest and interrater reliability and were easy to implement. Criterion-related validity was evident by a strong correlation between physical education teacher rankings and rank scores for motor fitness. Nationwide implementation in the Austrian school system could be an important component for monitoring and improving the health and fitness of primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-650-7007-999
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
| | - Reinhold Kerbl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKH Hochsteiermark, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mireille N. M. van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
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Viñuela A, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Aceituno-Gómez J, Durantez-Fernández C, Martín-Conty JL, Martín-Rodríguez F, Cano Martín LM, Maestre Miquel C, Polonio-López B, Mohedano-Moriano A. How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live in Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121638. [PMID: 34946364 PMCID: PMC8700919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney, chi-square, Student’s t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Viñuela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan José Criado-Álvarez
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Real Fábrica de las Sedas, s/n, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Javier Aceituno-Gómez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
- Management of Integrated Attention of Talavera de la Reina, SESCAM, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - José Luis Martín-Conty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Center for Advanced Clinical Simulation, Advanced Life Support Unit, Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - Clara Maestre Miquel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Begoña Polonio-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (C.D.-F.); (J.L.M.-C.); (C.M.M.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Alicia Mohedano-Moriano
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Real Fábrica de las Sedas, s/n, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.)
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Thajer A, Skacel G, de Gier C, Greber-Platzer S. The Effect of a Fat-Restricted Diet in Four Patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8111078. [PMID: 34828789 PMCID: PMC8619212 DOI: 10.3390/children8111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely elevated triglycerides and clinical symptoms in early childhood mainly presenting with abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis and hepatosplenomegaly. Primary treatment is a lifelong very strict low-fat diet, which might be challenging in pediatric patients. So far, data about children with FCS are rare. The aim of this study was to show the familial chylomicronemia syndrome traffic light table for pediatric patients and to assess the dietary fat intake and impact on triglycerides in children with FCS. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in four children (50% male) affected by FCS from the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna between January 2002 and September 2020. (3) Results: The four patients presented with classical FCS symptoms and showed baseline triglycerides (TG) exceeding 30,000 mg/dL in two patients, 10,000 mg/dL and 2400 mg/dL in one patient each. After diagnosis, fat percentage of total daily caloric intake was decreased and resulted immediately in triglyceride reduction. In all patients, FCS was genetically confirmed by mutations in genes encoding lipoprotein lipase. Acute pancreatitis and hepatosplenomegaly disappeared under the fat-restricted diet. A FCS traffic light table was developed as a dietary tool for affected families. (4) Conclusions: A restriction of dietary fat between 10% to 26% of the total daily caloric intake was feasible and effective in the long-term treatment of genetically confirmed FCS in children and could reduce the risk for acute pancreatitis. The dietary tool, the pediatric FCS traffic light table and the age-appropriate portion sizes for patients between 1 to 18 years, supports children and their parents to achieve and adhere to the lifelong strict low-fat diet.
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Robatsch J, Voitl P, Diesner-Treiber SC. A cross-sectional, exploratory survey on health-relevant free-time activities and body mass index in preschool children in urban and rural settings of Austria. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:495. [PMID: 34742276 PMCID: PMC8571826 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of obesity is among the most relevant healthcare issues in Europe. The number of overweight people rises due to lifestyle changes, increased sitting activities, and less physical activity. Prevention in early childhood is paramount to stop this alarming trend. AIM This study primarily aimed to evaluate the average time children (3-5 years) from rural and urban Austrian regions spent engaging in physical activity and sedentary behaviors in their free-time. Additionally, we investigated the potential correlation between duration and habits of free-time activity or place of residence and age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). The potential impact of socio-economic factors on BMI was examined. METHODS Urban (Vienna) and rural (Carinthia) regions of Austria were chosen for this observational cross-sectional study. Preschool children (n=130) attending nurseries in these regions were included. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Free-time activity and socio-economic data were asked using a self-administered questionnaire. Data on sedentary behavior time (sedentary activity and media consumption) and physical activity time (defined as organized or spontaneous exercise) were analyzed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Preschool children spent approximately as many hours of their free-time engaged in physical activity as in sedentary behaviors. Time trend in media consumption amounts to one-third of the cumulative time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors. Preschoolers from the urban area spent fewer hours practicing organized exercise and more in sedentary behaviors than peers in the rural area. In the selected areas, 7 % of preschoolers were overweight, 3.9 % were obese. BMI was not associated with free-time activities but showed a trendwise negative correlation with organized exercise. A positive correlation of age and organized exercise was observed but not with physical activity per se. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the necessity of preventive interventions among Austrian preschoolers and lead to a better understanding of their free-time activities. Further investigations with larger study populations are needed to promote effective childhood obesity prevention and examine the differences regarding obesity prevalence and leisure-time activity between rural and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Robatsch
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Voitl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Donau-City Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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Jarnig G, Jaunig J, van Poppel MNM. Association of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures With Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index Among Children Aged 7 to 10 Years in Austria. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121675. [PMID: 34436611 PMCID: PMC8391099 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Previous studies have shown reductions in self-reported physical activity levels in children associated with implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures, and data on objectively assessed health parameters are limited. Objective To examine the association of COVID-19 mitigation measures with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measures and body mass index (BMI) among primary schoolchildren. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included children aged 7 to 10 years from 12 randomly selected primary schools in urban and rural districts of Klagenfurt, Austria. Baseline CRF and BMI measurements were obtained in September 2019 before COVID-19 mitigation measures were implemented, and follow-up measurements were obtained in June and September 2020. Exposures COVID-19 mitigation measures. Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a 6-minute endurance run test. Height and weight were objectively measured. Standard deviation scores were calculated for CRF and BMI. Changes over time were analyzed using analyses of variance. Secondary analyses were performed for subgroups stratified by sex. Results A total of 764 children (383 girls [50.1%]) aged 7 to 10 years had all measurements completed. From September 2019 to September 2020, CRF SD scores changed by -1.06 (95% CI, -1.13 to -1.00), with a similar decrease in both boys and girls. Body mass index SD scores had increased by 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06-0.16) in June 2020 and by 0.16 (95% CI, 0.12-0.20) in September 2020 compared with September 2019. The increase in BMI SD scores (from September 2019 to September 2020) was greater among boys (0.23; 95% CI, 0.18-0.29) than among girls (0.09; 95% CI, 0.04-0.15). During the 1-year period, the percentage of children with overweight or obesity increased from 20.3% (155 children) to 24.1% (184 children) (difference, 3.8% [29 children]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of children in Austria, COVID-19 mitigation measures were associated with decreases in CRF measures and increases in BMI. The findings suggest that collaborative efforts are needed to reverse these changes in children's health to prevent long-term negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Eiholzer U, Fritz C, Stephan A. The increase in child obesity in Switzerland is mainly due to migration from Southern Europe - a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 33514341 PMCID: PMC7845097 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel height, weight and body mass index (BMI) references for children in Switzerland reveal an increase in BMI compared to former percentile curves. This trend may be the result of children with parents originating from Southern European countries having a higher risk of being overweight compared to their peers with parents of Swiss origin. We examined the association of generational, migration-related and socioeconomic factors on BMI in Switzerland and expect the results to lead to more targeted prevention programs. Methods From contemporary cross-sectional data, we calculated subgroup-specific BMI percentiles for origin. Results for children of Swiss origin were compared with historical BMI data from Zurich. We tested for the association of overweight and obesity with origin and compared the distributions of BMI percentile ranks. Logistic regression analyses were applied to predict probabilities of being overweight or obese by origin and the Swiss neighborhood index of socioeconomic position (SSEP). Results Compared to the BMI from two generations ago, the newly calculated BMI increased only slightly for children with both parents from Switzerland; 1.2% of these girls and 1.6% of these boys are obese. In the Swiss population, 13% of the children have parents from Southern Europe and the proportion of obesity is 57 and 42% in these boys and girls, respectively. Their BMI medians correspond to those of their parents’ countries of origin. For the probability of being overweight or obese, the SSEP differences are less important than the status of origin. Conclusion We identified children with both parents from Southern Europe as the main influence driving the increase in BMI in Switzerland over the past 50 years. A differentiated consideration of the proportions of various migrant groups within cross-sectional samples is essential when monitoring BMI. Ignoring fluctuations can lead to false conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Eiholzer
- Center for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Moehrlistrasse 69, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Chris Fritz
- Center for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Moehrlistrasse 69, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anika Stephan
- Center for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Moehrlistrasse 69, CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Miko HC, Zillmann N, Ring-Dimitriou S, Dorner TE, Titze S, Bauer R. [Effects of Physical Activity on Health]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2020; 82:S184-S195. [PMID: 32984942 PMCID: PMC7521632 DOI: 10.1055/a-1217-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity contributes to both maintaining and improving health, and is important for human development throughout the entire lifespan of a person. There is strong evidence for the beneficial effects of physical activity on health, in the areas of all-cause mortality, cancer, cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health, metabolic health, and neurocognitive health. Physical activity includes any form of movement in which the contraction of skeletal muscles results in an increase in energy consumption. It is quantified and controlled via the frequency, duration, intensity, and weekly extent. All those forms of movement that improve health and in which the risk of injury is low are defined as health-enhancing physical activity. The Austrian recommendations for health-enhancing physical activity include endurance-oriented movement, plus strength and coordination training. Exercise is aimed at initiating adaptation processes, in order to improve functionality. Therefore, it has to be adapted to the different levels of individual performance ability, activity levels, and age, and should be carried out according to certain principles. Exercise leads to a positive change in physiological parameters, which in turn are closely linked to an improvement in the state of health. Through regular endurance-oriented and muscle-strengthening physical activity, far-reaching health effects can be achieved. Nevertheless, undesirable events can occur during activity, and the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems can be particularly affected. However, through adequate preparation, suitable equipment, and appropriate exercise, the personal and also the public health benefits of physical activity and sport can be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Miko
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Wien, Wien,
Austria
- Universitätslehrgang Public Health, Medizinische
Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Ring-Dimitriou
- Interfakultärer Fachbereich Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft,
Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Ernst Dorner
- Abteilung für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Zentrum
für Public Health, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien,
Austria
- Sozialversicherung öffentlich Bediensteter, Eisenbahnen und
Bergbau, Wien, Österreich
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Graz, Graz,
Austria
| | - Robert Bauer
- Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit, Wien, Austria
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Intemann T, Labayen I, Artero EG, Alvarez-Bueno C, Sanchis-Moysi J, Benito PJ, Beltran-Valls MR, Pérez-Bey A, Sanchez-Delgado G, Palou P, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Moreno LA, Ortega FB. Prevalence of severe/morbid obesity and other weight status and anthropometric reference standards in Spanish preschool children: The PREFIT project. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:501-510. [PMID: 30776792 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a major health problem in children under the age of 5 years. Providing reference standards would help paediatricians to detect and/or prevent health problems related to both low and high levels of body mass and to central adiposity later in life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of different weight status categories and to provide sex- and age-specific anthropometry reference standards for Spanish preschool children. METHODS A total of 3178 preschool children (4.59±0.87 years old) participated in this study. Prevalence of different degrees of obesity (mild, severe, and morbid) and other weight status categories were determined. RESULTS Reference standards were obtained. Prevalence of overweight and obese preschool children in the Spanish population ranged from 21.4 to 34.8%. Specifically, the obesity prevalence was 3.5, 1.2, and 1.3% of these subjects were categorized as mild, severe, and morbid obese. Sex- and age-specific reference standards for anthropometric parameters are provided for every 0.25 years (i.e. every trimester of life). CONCLUSION Our results show a high prevalence of overweight/obese preschoolers. The provided sex- and age-specific anthropometric reference standards could help paediatricians to track and monitor anthropometric changes at this early stage in order to prevent overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Timm Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique G Artero
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pere Palou
- Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Identifying Overweight and Obesity in Brazilian Schoolchildren, 2014. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:204-210. [PMID: 28832437 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT For any intervention in a population, we need to understand population characteristics and needs. The School Health Program (PSE) is a Brazilian national proposal for the improvement of schoolchildren's quality of life by integrating health and education areas to address vulnerabilities that affect the development of students from public schools. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents and to expound methods to evaluate the nutritional status deviation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Schools in Itatiba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, participating in PSE. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6829 schoolchildren aged 6 month to 15 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nutritional status and standard percentile curves for body mass index (BMI) for gender. RESULTS In children younger than 5 years, the prevalence of being overweight was 13.9%; for those between 5 years or older and younger than 10 years, it was 33.9%; and for those 10 years or older, it was 34.0%. In males, obesity and severe obesity were more present (10.7% and 3.7%, respectively) than in girls (9.5% and 1.9%, respectively). Regarding location, it was found that the region with the highest income showed a higher prevalence of overweight children. Compared with the World Health Organization reference BMI curves, our reference percentile curve showed a higher standard for the cutoff points between normal range and overweight. CONCLUSION From our results, we found that age and measures of weight and height in schoolchildren could contribute, in a cheap and simple way, to the assessment of nutritional status in a region. This is helpful in providing health monitoring and assisting in making public health decisions, as well as serving in comparison with other scientific studies. Partnership between education and health systems can facilitate and improve the quality of health management among schoolchildren.
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Eiholzer U, Fritz C, Katschnig C, Dinkelmann R, Stephan A. Contemporary height, weight and body mass index references for children aged 0 to adulthood in Switzerland compared to the Prader reference, WHO and neighbouring countries. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:437-447. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1677774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urs Eiholzer
- Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Fritz
- Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Katschnig
- Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Dinkelmann
- Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anika Stephan
- Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology Zurich (PEZZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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Body mass index and height in 11- to 16-year-old Austrian students attending two different school types with divergent socioeconomic backgrounds. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:337-346. [PMID: 30937540 PMCID: PMC6647492 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background In developed countries high socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and greater height compared with low SES. Aim To investigate differences in BMI/height in adolescent students from two different school types with divergent SES backgrounds. Methods A total of 4579 students (2313 female), aged 11–16 years, attending either low SES vocation-directed secondary schools (VSS) or high SES secondary academic schools (AHS) were compared. Potential differences were investigated using ANCOVA models including sex, school type, geographical region and degree of urbanicity. Results At all ages between 11 and 16 years the BMI of students attending VSS was significantly higher than that of students attending AHS (mean +0.87kg/m2). The AHS students were on average taller (mean +0.93cm; p<0.001), without statistically significant age-specific differences. The taller height contributed to lower BMI by approximately 25%. Short stature, overweight and obesity were 2.3-fold, 1.8-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively more frequent in VSS than in AHS students. The BMI was higher in students in Vienna than in communities with >100,000 (p<0.001) and 20,000-100,000 (p=0.045) but similar to communities with <20,000 inhabitants. Conclusion These findings suggest that differences in BMI and height between students reflect early SES-based grouping into school types according to the academic level of the schools they attend.
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Kreissl A, Jorda A, Truschner K, Skacel G, Greber-Platzer S. Clinically relevant body composition methods for obese pediatric patients. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:84. [PMID: 30898093 PMCID: PMC6427859 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS Data were collected at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in Vienna from September 2015 to May 2017. Body composition measurement was performed with TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS. RESULTS In total, 38 children and adolescents (age: 10-18 years, BMI: 25-54 kg/m2) were included. Boys had significantly increased fat free mass (TANITA p = 0.019, BIA p = 0.003), total body water (TANITA p = 0.020, BIA p = 0.005), and basal metabolic rate (TANITA p = 0.002, BIA p = 0.029). Girls had significantly increased body fat percentage with BIA (BIA p = 0.001). No significant gender differences of core abdominal area have been determined. TANITA overestimated body fat percentage (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.002), and basal metabolic rate (p < 0.001) compared to BIA. TANITA underestimated fat free mass (p = 0.002) in comparison to BIA. The Bland Altman plot demonstrated a low agreement between the body composition methods. CONCLUSIONS Low agreement between TANITA scale and BIA-BIACORPUS has been observed. Body composition measurement should always be performed by the same devices to obtain comparable results. At clinical routine due to its feasibility, safety, and efficiency, bioelectrical impedance analysis is appropriate for obese pediatric patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials NCT02545764 . Registered 10 September 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kreissl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Truschner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Skacel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Regecová V, Hamade J, Janechová H, Ševčíková Ľ. Comparison of Slovak reference values for anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents with international growth standards: implications for the assessment of overweight and obesity. Croat Med J 2018. [PMID: 30610774 PMCID: PMC6330770 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2018.59.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the national reference percentile values for body height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Slovakia with international standards and to analyze growth trends in this population. Methods The study was designed as a repeated cross-sectional survey. Two nationwide anthropometric surveys (NAS) performed in 2001 and 2011 assessed body weight, height, and BMI of 38 692 children aged 7 to 18 years. Age- and sex-specifıc smoothed percentiles were generated with the lambda-mu-sigma method. Slovak standards were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 z-scores and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards. Results Medians of body height corresponded to the 75th-85th percentile of the WHO 2007 standards. The secular trend of height increase was attenuated, and the final body height did not change between NAS 2001 and NAS 2011. The cut-off BMI values for obesity, set at the 97th percentile for age <14 years, were higher across age ranges than WHO 2007 standards but lower than IOTF standards. Obesity prevalence, relatively low in 2001 (<3%), doubled during the following decade (P < 0.001), with the highest values (4.8%-7.6%) observed in children aged up to 13 years. Conclusion NAS 2001 data were chosen as national growth standards, as these data were not influenced by the obesity rates increase in the period between the surveys. BMI cut-offs were lower than those in most European countries. Obesity proportions in prepubertal and pubertal boys might be overestimated when WHO 2007 cut-offs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Regecová
- Valéria Regecová, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia,
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Prevalence of overweight/obesity among 7-year-old children-WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in Slovakia, trends and differences between selected European countries. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:945-953. [PMID: 29663085 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence and time trends of overweight/obesity in Slovak children by applying WHO, IOTF, and the national criteria; (2) to compare the prevalence between selected European countries; and (3) to evaluate the central obesity by the waist-to-height ratio. The survey was performed within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. The weight, height, waist, and hip were measured in 2795 children at the age of 7-7.99 years (50.1% boys; 55.5% in rural areas). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was determined using the LMS Growth. In boys, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 17.1/14.9% according to WHO, 13.8/8.8% according to IOTF, and 9.9/8.8% according to the national criteria. Among girls, the prevalence reached 15.1/11.1%, 12.6/8.1%, and 7.5/9.5%, respectively. These rates corresponded to the average of the European countries. Central obesity was identified in 76.9% of overweight/obese, but also in 5.9% normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION While overweight has increased by 3% the prevalence of obesity has doubled since 2001. The rise culminated approximately 6 years ago and has not increased since then. The body constitution differences should be considered when comparing the prevalence of overweight/obesity between populations and/or individuals. What is Known: • Knowledge of the prevalence of overweight/obesity is seminal for effective implementation of programs focusing on the reduction of incidence and prevalence of obesity in early childhood. What is New: • The most numerous and representative study on the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 7-year-old children involving 2795 (5%) of peers living in Slovakia. • The prevalence of obesity in Slovakia falls within the range of average rate of the European countries. Central obesity was identified in almost 20% subjects.
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Ring-Dimitriou S, Freudenthaler T, Aistleitner V, Horvath G, Stallinger J, Dimitriou M, Ardelt-Gattinger E, Weghuber D. SALTO - Study Protocol and Rationale of a Community-Oriented Obesity Prevention Program in the Kindergarten. Obes Facts 2018; 11:234-246. [PMID: 29961050 PMCID: PMC6103335 DOI: 10.1159/000481139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of early childhood overweight and obesity in Austria has reached average European levels of 20% in boys and 18% in girls. The rationale and study protocol of SALTO, Salzburg Together against Obesity will be presented, which is aimed to assist adults in increasing the rate of 4- to 6-year-old children with a healthy body weight. METHODS A controlled longitudinal sequential study design consisting of 14 intervention (IK) and 8 control (CK) kindergarten was used to investigate the effect of actions tailored for teachers and parents on BMI among 4- to 6-year-old children. The study launched in November 2014 was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Salzburg. RESULTS 681 children, 181 parents (119 mothers, 62 fathers) and 30 teachers were investigated until October 2016. Preliminary analyses revealed that more boys (19%) and fathers (60% IK, 43% CK) were overweight and obese than girls (16%) and mothers (19% IK, 20% CK). CONCLUSION The challenges faced by the SALTO staff in the implementation of health-promoting actions in the kindergarten are manifold. The Community-Oriented Core Setting (COCS) intervention approach will show whether the actions will reduce the percentage of obesity and be sustainable in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ring-Dimitriou
- Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dr. Susanne Ring-Dimitriou, Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein, Austria,
| | - Thomas Freudenthaler
- Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Aistleitner
- Salzburg Together against Obesity-SALTO, Project Management, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gertrude Horvath
- Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Stallinger
- Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Minas Dimitriou
- Department of Sports Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Paediatrics and Obesity Research Unit Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Furthner D, Ehrenmüller M, Biebl A, Lanzersdorfer R, Halmerbauer G, Auer-Hackenberg L, Schmitt K. Gender differences and the role of parental education, school types and migration on the body mass index of 2930 Austrian school children : A cross-sectional study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 129:786-792. [PMID: 28831568 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Austria faces increasing numbers of childhood overweight and obesity. Despite increasing numbers of studies, associations between parental body mass index (BMI) and education and the school type on overweight/obesity in students have not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the genesis of overweight/obesity in a large cohort representative of youth in Upper Austrian. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from 2930 children and adolescents aged 10, 14 or 17 years from 11 different state school types was conducted. Students and their parents completed a questionnaire and heights and weights were measured. RESULTS Of the students 16.9% fulfilled the criteria for overweight and 5.6% for obesity, with the highest rates in the 10-year-olds (19.6% and 5.8%, respectively). While no gender differences were present in the youngest age group, the body mass index (BMI) during adolescence remained higher in boys but decreased significantly in girls. Male gender remained a risk factor through all calculations. Boys were overrepresented in schools with lower education levels and more often had BMIs ≥ 85th and ≥95th percentile. Higher parental education levels and lower parental BMIs were associated with lower BMIs of their offspring. Migration was an additional association factor for BMIs ≥ 85th percentile. CONCLUSION Low parental education levels, higher parental BMIs and migration background were associated with overweight and obesity in 10-year-olds. In adolescence, male gender and higher parental BMIs remained risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Furthner
- Med Campus IV, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Margit Ehrenmüller
- University of Applied Sciences Steyr, Wehrgrabengasse 1, 4400, Steyr, Austria
| | - Ariane Biebl
- Med Campus IV, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Lanzersdorfer
- Med Campus IV, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Halmerbauer
- University of Applied Sciences Steyr, Wehrgrabengasse 1, 4400, Steyr, Austria
| | - Lorenz Auer-Hackenberg
- Med Campus IV, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmitt
- Med Campus IV, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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Dorner TE. [Epidemiology of obesity in Austria]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2015; 166:79-87. [PMID: 26650060 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-015-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to compile all existing data regarding the prevalence of obesity in Austria in all age groups, and to perform additional analyses. Prevalence of obesity in the adult Austrian population varies between 8.3 and 19.9% in men, and 9.0 and 19.8% in women with increasing trends over time. Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in Austria varies between 3.1 and 9.0% in boys and between 2.2 and 7.3% in girls. Factors associated with obesity include higher age, lower educational level, profession, migration background, living in eastern parts of Austria, lack of social support, and psycho-social pressure. In women, socio-economic parameters are stronger associated with obesity compared to men. Obesity is associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, and deteriorated quality of live, in both sexes, and in men additionally with a history of heart attack, and in women additionally with anxiety/depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Dorner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/I, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
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25
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Hou JW, Lin CL, Tsai YA, Chang CH, Liao KW, Yu CJ, Yang W, Lee MJ, Huang PC, Sun CW, Wang YH, Lin FR, Wu WC, Lee MC, Pan WH, Chen BH, Wu MT, Chen CC, Wang SL, Lee CC, Hsiung CA, Chen ML. The effects of phthalate and nonylphenol exposure on body size and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:603-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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