1
|
Wang L, Wang Q, Wang X, Yang C, Wang X, Liu H, Wang H. Intermittent fasting alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing neuroinflammation in aged mice. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111034. [PMID: 39053649 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Elderly individuals undergoing surgical procedures are often confronted with the peril of experiencing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Prior research has demonstrated the exacerbating effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on neuroinflammation, which can further deteriorate the condition of POCD in elderly patients. Intermittent fasting (IF) restricts food consumption to a specific time window and has been demonstrated to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by neuropathic inflammation. We subjected 18-month-old male mice to 16 hours of fasting and 8 hours of unrestricted eating over a 24-hour period for 0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks, followed by abdominal exploration under sevoflurane anesthesia. In this study, we aim to explore the potential impact of IF on postoperative cognitive function in aged mice undergoing sevoflurane surgery through the preoperative implementation of IF measures. The findings indicate two weeks of IF leads to a significant enhancement of learning and memory capabilities in mice following surgery. The cognitive performance, as determined by the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests, as well as the synaptic plasticity, as measured by in vivo electrophysiological recordings, has demonstrated marked improvements. Furthermore, the administration of IF markedly enhances the expression of synaptic-associated proteins in hippocampal neurons, concomitant with a decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory factors and a reduced density of microglial cells within the hippocampal brain region. To summarize, the results of this study indicate that IF may mitigate inflammation in the hippocampal area of the brain. Furthermore, IF appears to provide a safeguard against cognitive impairment and synaptic plasticity impairment brought on by sevoflurane anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Huan Liu
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China; Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Wang P, Shang L, Ye F, Liu L, He Z. Adverse Associations of Long-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 and Its Components with Platelet Traits among Subway Shift-Workers without Air Purifier Use. TOXICS 2024; 12:529. [PMID: 39195631 PMCID: PMC11359941 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Air purifier use, shift work, and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are linked to platelet abnormality. However, the role of air purifier use and shift work in the individual or joint associations of PM2.5 and its components with platelet indices are largely unknown. A total of 8772 participants were recruited from a population of subway workers in China. PM2.5 and its component data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China dataset. The role of air purifier use and shift work in the association between PM2.5 and its components and platelet indices were analyzed. Among shift workers without air purifier use, positive associations of PM2.5 and each component in PM2.5 with the mean platelet volume (MPV) or platelet counts (PLT) were observed, whereas negative associations of PM2.5 and each component in PM2.5 with the platelet distribution width (PDW) were observed. Furthermore, estimated changes (95%CIs) in PLT, MPV, and PDW in response to each 10th percentile increment in the mixture of PM2.5 and its components were 0.8657 (0.2496, 1.4819), 0.0192 (0.0054, 0.0329), and -0.0648 (-0.0945, -0.0351), respectively, and sulfate in PM2.5 was the major contributor to those associations. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components was related to increased platelet disorders among shift workers without air purifier use, and those associations were mainly attributed to sulfate in PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Liu
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (J.L.); (P.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Pei Wang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (J.L.); (P.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Lv Shang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (J.L.); (P.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Fang Ye
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (F.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (F.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenyu He
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (J.L.); (P.W.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karnik R, Vohra A, Khatri M, Dalvi N, Vyas HS, Shah H, Gohil S, Kanojiya S, Devkar R. Diet/photoperiod mediated changes in cerebellar clock genes causes locomotor shifts and imperative changes in BDNF-TrkB pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 835:137843. [PMID: 38821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies report anxiety and depression like symptoms in patients suffering from lifestyle disorder but its impact on locomotor function lacks clarity. Our study investigates locomotor deficits resulting due to perturbations in cerebellum of high fat diet (HFD), chronodisruption (CD) or a combination (HCD) model of lifestyle disorder. Significant downregulation in levels of cerebellar clock genes (Bmal-1, Clock, Per 1 and Per 2) and Bdnf-Trkb pathway genes (Bdnf, TrkB and Syn1 levels) were recorded. Further, locomotor deficits were observed in all the three experimental groups as evidenced by actimeter test, pole test and wire hanging test. Nuclear pyknosis of Purkinje cells, their derangement and inflammation were the hallmark of cerebellar tissue of all the three experimental groups. Taken together, this study generates important links between cerebellar clock oscillations, locomotor function and Bdnf-TrkB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhydham Karnik
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mahamadtezib Khatri
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Nilay Dalvi
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Hitarthi S Vyas
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Helly Shah
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Sujitsinh Gohil
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Smit Kanojiya
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cavanaugh D, Urbanucci A, Mohamed NE, Tewari AK, Figueiro M, Kyprianou N. Link between circadian rhythm and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Prostate 2024; 84:417-425. [PMID: 38193363 PMCID: PMC10922447 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urologic disease in aging males, affecting 50% of men over 50 and up to 80% of men over 80 years old. Its negative impact on health-related quality of life implores further investigation into its risk factors and strategies for effective management. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiological onset of BPH are poorly defined, the current hypothesized contributors to BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include aging, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal changes. These processes are indirectly influenced by circadian rhythm disruption. In this article, we review the recent evidence on the potential association of light changes/circadian rhythm disruption and the onset of BPH and impact on treatment. METHODS A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify supporting evidence. The articles referenced ranged from 1975 to 2023. RESULTS A clear relationship between BPH/LUTS and circadian rhythm disruption is yet to be established. However, common mediators influence both diseases, including proinflammatory states, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal regulation that can be asserted to circadian disruption. Some studies have identified a possible relationship between general LUTS and sleep disturbance, but little research has been done on the medical management of these diseases and how circadian rhythm disruption further affects treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence to implicate a relationship between BPH/LUTS and circadian rhythm disruptions. However, there is scarce literature on potential specific link in medical management of the disease and treatment outcomes with circadian rhythm disruption. Further study is warranted to provide BPH patients with insights into circadian rhythm directed appropriate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cavanaugh
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and FiCanMid, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nihal E. Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Figueiro
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Velazquez-Kronen R, MacDonald LA, Akinyemiju TF, Cushman M, Howard VJ. Shiftwork, long working hours and markers of inflammation in a national US population-based sample of employed black and white men and women aged ≥45 years. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:635-643. [PMID: 37813482 PMCID: PMC10936900 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work schedule demands contribute to circadian disruption and may influence health via an inflammatory response. We examined the impact of shiftwork and long work hours on inflammation in a national US sample. METHODS Participants included 12 487 employed black and white men and women aged ≥45 years enrolled in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study who completed an occupational questionnaire (2011-2013) and clinical examination (2013-2016). Cross-sectional associations between shiftwork and work hours with log-transformed high-sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count were examined by multiple linear regression analysis, overall and by race-sex subgroups. RESULTS Overall, rotating shift workers had higher log-CRP concentration compared with day workers (β=0.09, 95% CI:0.02 to 0.16) and findings for WBC were null. Black women had the highest geometric mean CRP (2.82 mg/L), while white men had the highest WBC (6.35×109/L). White men who worked afternoons had higher log-CRP compared with those who worked days (β=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.33). Black men engaged in shiftwork <10 years working ≥55 hours/week had higher log-CRP and log-WBC compared with those working days <55 hours/week (β=0.33, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.64 and β=0.10, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.19). Among shift workers, non-retired white women working forward and backward shift rotations had higher log-CRP compared with those working forward only (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.96). CONCLUSIONS Shift workers had higher inflammatory markers compared with day workers and race-sex disparities should be examined further. These findings highlight a potential biological pathway linking work schedule demands and chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Field Research Branch, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A MacDonald
- Field Research Branch, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomi F Akinyemiju
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jordakieva G, Hasenoehrl T, Steiner M, Jensen-Jarolim E, Crevenna R. Occupational physical activity: the good, the bad, and the proinflammatory. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253951. [PMID: 37869170 PMCID: PMC10587420 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for preventing several conditions associated with underlying chronic inflammation, e. g., cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. While an active lifestyle appears to have anti-inflammatory effects, high levels of occupational PA (OPA) were associated with inflammation and elevated mortality risks. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge (1) on the association between inflammation and OPA and (2) its implications for health and mortality. Methods and results This mini-review summarized relevant literature published before January 2023 using established scientific databases and sources. For the primary outcome, observational studies (S) reporting immunological effects (O) in subjects (P), with high (I) vs. low OPA (C), were included. For secondary outcomes, i.e., morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory processes, (systematic) reviews were included. While "active" occupations and "moderate" OPA appear to have beneficial effects, low (particularly sedentary) and "high-intensity" OPA (particularly including heavy lifting tasks) were associated with inflammation and (CVD and cancer-related) mortality; higher leisure-time PA has been almost consistently associated with lower proinflammatory markers and all-cause mortality risks. Workplace interventions appear to counter some of the observed health effects of unfavorable work strain. Conclusion The few studies addressing OPA "intensity" and inflammatory markers are largely heterogeneous regarding OPA classification and confounder control. Sedentary and "heavy" OPA appear to promote proinflammatory effects. In addition to targeted management of work-related physical strain and hazardous environmental co-factors, occupational health providers should focus on employer-initiated exercise interventions and the promotion of leisure-time PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Hasenoehrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Steiner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thorkildsen MS, Gustad LT, Damås JK. The Effects of Shift Work on the Immune System: A Narrative Review. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e368-e374. [PMID: 38196768 PMCID: PMC10773516 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Working a shift work schedule has been hypothesized to have negative effects on health. One such described consequence is altered immune response and increased risk of infections. Former reviews have concluded that more knowledge is needed to determine how shift work affects the immune system. Since the last review focusing on this subject was published in 2016, new insight has emerged. We performed a search of the topic in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, identifying papers published after 2016, finding a total of 13 new studies. The articles identified showed inconsistent effect on immune cells, cytokines, circadian rhythms, self-reported infections, and vaccine response as a result of working a shift schedule. Current evidence suggests working shifts influence the immune system, however the clinical relevance and the mechanism behind this potential association remains elusive. Further studies need to include longitudinal design and objective measures of shift work and immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stenbekk Thorkildsen
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Trøndelag, Norway
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research at Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University og Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gueye-Ndiaye S, Williamson AA, Redline S. Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:585-603. [PMID: 37517837 PMCID: PMC10513750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a spectrum of disorders ranging from habitual snoring without frank episodes of obstructed breathing or desaturation during sleep to obstructive sleep apnea, where apneas and hypopneas repetitively occur with resultant intermittent hypoxia, arousal, and sleep disruption. Disparities in SDB reflect its overall high prevalence in children and adults from racially and ethnically minoritized or low socioeconomic status backgrounds coupled with high rates of underdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyni Gueye-Ndiaye
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Peng X, Wang X, Lin R, Liu X, Meng F, Liu X, Li L, Bai R, Wen S, Ruan Y, Tang R, Liu N. Association of shift work and dietary inflammatory potential with all-cause death among us hypertensive population: national health and nutrition examination study, 2005-2010. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1094. [PMID: 37280597 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The individual effect of working schedule on survival in the hypertensive population has not been adequately studied. Shiftworkers are also prone to unhealthy lifestyles like pro-inflammatory diet. Therefore, we assessed the effect of shift work and its joint association with dietary inflammatory potential on mortality risk among the large US nationally representative sample of adult hypertensive population. METHODS Data were from a nationally representative prospective cohort among US hypertensive population (n = 3680; weighted population, 54,192,988). The participants were linked to the 2019 public-access linked mortality archives. The working schedule were self-reported using the Occupation Questionnaire Section. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were equally calculated using the 24-hour dietary recall (24 h) interviews. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for survival of hypertension individuals by work schedule and dietary inflammatory potential. The joint effect of work schedule and dietary inflammatory potential was then examined. RESULTS Among the 3680 hypertension individuals (39.89% female [n = 1479] and 71.42% white [n = 1707]; weighted mean [SE] age, 47.35 [0.32] years), 592 individuals reported shift work status. 474 (10.76%) reported shift work status with pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (DII scores > 0). 118 (3.06%) reported shift work status with anti-inflammatory dietary pattern (DII scores < 0). 646 (19.64%) reported a non-shift working schedule with anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, while 2442 (66.54%) reported non-shift working schedule with pro-inflammatory dietary pattern. After a median follow-up of 11.67 years (140 months), 317 deaths (cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 65; cancer, 104) were registered. Cox regression analysis showed that shift work was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.06) compared with non-shift workers. In the joint analysis, shift work status combined with pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was associated with the highest all-cause mortality risk. Moreover, adopting the anti-inflammatory diet significantly attenuates the deleterious effect of shift work on mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS In this large representative sample of adults with hypertension in the U.S., the combination of shift work status with pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was highly prevalent and was associated with the highest risks of death from all causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuesi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- North China Medical & Health Group XingTai Genernal Hospital, Xingtai, 054000, China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Linling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Bejing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, College of Medicine University of Arizona Phoenix, Arizona, 85123, USA
| | - Songnan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yanfei Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahon N, Glennon JC. The Bi-directional Relationship Between Sleep and Inflammation in Muscular Dystrophies: A Narrative Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105116. [PMID: 36870583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies vary in presentation and severity, but are associated with profound disability in many people. Although characterised by muscle weakness and wasting, there is also a very high prevalence of sleep problems and disorders which have significant impacts on quality of life in these individuals. There are no curative therapies for muscular dystrophies, with the only options for patients being supportive therapies to aid with symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and a greater understanding of pathogenesis. Inflammation and altered immunity are factors which have prominent roles in some muscular dystrophies and emerging roles in others such as type 1 myotonic dystrophy, signifying a link to pathogenesis. Interestingly, there is also a strong link between inflammation/immunity and sleep. In this review, we will explore this link in the context of muscular dystrophies and how it may influence potential therapeutic targets and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mahon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kervezee L, Koshy A, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. The Effect of Night Shifts on 24-h Rhythms in the Urinary Metabolome of Police Officers on a Rotating Work Schedule. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:64-76. [PMID: 36346168 PMCID: PMC9902972 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221132088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shift workers face an increased risk of metabolic health problems, but the direct metabolic response to working nights is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of night shifts on the 24-h urinary metabolome of shift workers. Eleven police officers working rotating shifts completed two 24-h laboratory visits that took place before and after they worked 7 consecutive nights. Sleep and meals were scheduled on a day schedule in the first visit and then on a night schedule (i.e., sleep and meals shifted by approximately 12 h) in the second visit. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on urine samples collected throughout these laboratory visits. Differential rhythmicity analysis was used to compare 24-h rhythms in urinary metabolites in both conditions. Our results show that on the day schedule, 24-h rhythms are present in the urinary levels of the majority of metabolites, but that this is significantly reduced on the night schedule, partly due to loss of organic acid rhythmicity. Furthermore, misalignment of 24-h metabolite rhythms with the shifted behavioral cycles in the night schedule was observed in more than half of the metabolites that were rhythmic in both conditions (all acylcarnitines). These results show that working nights alters the daily rhythms of the urinary metabolome in rotating shift workers, with the most notable impact observed for acylcarnitines and organic acids, 2 metabolite classes involved in mitochondrial function. Further research is warranted to study how these changes relate to the increased metabolic risks associated with shift work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kervezee
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Koshy
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Nicolas Cermakian, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
| | - Diane B. Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Diane B. Boivin, Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haghayegh S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Strohmaier S, Papantoniou K, Markt S, Giovannucci E, Schernhammer E. Rotating Night Shift Work and Bladder Cancer Risk in Women: Results of Two Prospective Cohort Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2202. [PMID: 36767572 PMCID: PMC9915636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States. Night shift work has previously been linked with cancer risk. Whether there is an association between rotating night shift work and bladder cancer in women has not been studied previously. Eligible participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 82,147, 1988-2016) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, n = 113,630, 1989-2015) were prospectively followed and a total of 620 and 122 incident bladder cancer cases were documented during the follow-up of NHS and NHSII, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for bladder cancer incidence. We observed a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer among women with >5 years of night shift work history compared with women who never worked rotating night shifts in NHS (HR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.01-1.54, p for trend = 0.06), but not in the pooled NHS and NHS II (HR = 1.18; 95%CI = 0.97-1.43, p for trend = 0.08). Secondary analyses stratified by smoking status showed no significant interaction (p = 0.89) between the duration of rotating night shift work and smoking status. In conclusion, our results did not provide strong evidence for an association between rotating night shift work and bladder cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Haghayegh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bjorvatn B, Merikanto I, Reis C, Korman M, Bjelajac AK, Holzinger B, De Gennaro L, Wing YK, Morin CM, Espie CA, Benedict C, Landtblom AM, Matsui K, Hrubos-Strøm H, Mota-Rolim S, Nadorff MR, Plazzi G, Chan RNY, Partinen M, Dauvilliers Y, Chung F, Forthun I. Shift workers are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 compared with day workers: Results from the international COVID sleep study (ICOSS) of 7141 workers. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:114-122. [PMID: 36412198 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2148182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study had two main aims. First, to investigate whether shift/night workers had a higher prevalence and severity of COVID-19 compared with day workers. Second, to investigate whether people regularly working in face-to-face settings during the pandemic exhibited a higher prevalence and severity of COVID-19 compared with those having no need to be in close contact with others at work. Data consisted of 7141 workers from 15 countries and four continents who participated in the International COVID Sleep Study-II (ICOSS-II) between May and December 2021. The associations between work status and a positive COVID-19 test and several indications of disease severity were tested with chi-square tests and logistic regressions adjusted for relevant confounders. In addition, statistical analyses were conducted for the associations between face-to-face work and COVID-19 status. Results showed that shift/night work was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 compared to day work. Still, shift/night workers reported higher odds for moderate to life-threatening COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.71, 95%-confidence interval = 1.23-5.95) and need for hospital care (aOR = 5.66, 1.89-16.95). Face-to-face work was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 (aOR = 1.55, 1.12-2.14) but not with higher disease severity. In conclusion, shift/night work was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, but when infected, shift/night workers reported more severe disease. Impaired sleep and circadian disruption commonly seen among shift/night workers may be mediating factors. Working face-to-face increased the risk of COVID-19, likely due to increased exposure to the virus. However, face-to-face work was not associated with increased disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catia Reis
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Lisbon, Portugal and Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Korman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Brigitte Holzinger
- Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Postgraduate, Sleep Coaching, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charles M. Morin
- Centre de recherche CERVO/Brain Research Center, École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin A. Espie
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Landtblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Harald Hrubos-Strøm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sérgio Mota-Rolim
- Brain Institute, Physiology and Behavior Department and Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Michael R. Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rachel Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Markku Partinen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki Clinicum Unit, Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Terveystalo Healthcare Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Forthun
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between shift work and inflammatory markers in workers at an electronics manufacturing company. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e35. [PMID: 36544883 PMCID: PMC9748154 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been found that inflammatory reactions are involved in the onset and progression of CVD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between shift work and inflammatory markers. Methods Among workers at an electronics manufacturing company, 2,329 workers who had a health checkup from January 2019 to December 2019 were targeted. The general and biochemical characteristics of daytime workers and shift workers were compared through the Independent-test and the χ2 test. Through multiple linear regression analysis, the association with shift work and inflammatory markers was investigated. Through multiple logistic regression analysis, the association with shift work and high inflammatory markers. Results The mean total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes of shift workers were significantly higher than those of daytime worker. The mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) of shift workers was also higher than that of daytime workers but not significantly. In multiple linear regression, shift work was associated with increase of total leukocyte count (β = 0.367, p < 0.001) and hs-CRP (β = 0.140, p = 0.005) after adjusting for all variables. In multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work showed 2.27 times risk of high leukocyte count and 1.8 times risk of high hs-CRP level compared to daytime work after adjusting for all variables. Conclusions This study confirmed that shift work is associated with high inflammatory markers. Considering that high inflammatory markers is independent indicator of CVD, the association between shift work and high inflammatory markers may help to understand the CVD risk of shift workers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshizaki T, Ishihara J, Kotemori A, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association between irregular daily routine and risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease in a large Japanese population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15750. [PMID: 36130961 PMCID: PMC9492773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian misalignments have been linked to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, the association between irregular daily routine and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. We examined this association in a prospective study in Japan. The study included 78,115 Japanese participants aged 45–74 years. The self-reported daily routine was evaluated using the question, ‘Is your daily routine or activity schedule regular?’ The response (yes/no) was obtained as a binary variable. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between an irregular daily routine and CVD incidence risk. Among the participants, 23.7% reported an irregular daily routine. During the mean follow-up period of 13.3 years, we observed 4641 CVD events. An irregular daily routine was significantly associated with increased risks of CVD and total stroke in women, but not in men. This positive association between an irregular daily routine and the risk of CVD was weak in the high vegetable and fruit consuming population. An irregular daily routine is positively associated with the risk of incident CVD, especially in women. These associations may be weak in populations that consume a diet rich in vegetables and fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Oura-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kotemori
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita City, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya City, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faraut B, Cordina-Duverger E, Aristizabal G, Drogou C, Gauriau C, Sauvet F, Lévi F, Léger D, Guénel P. Immune disruptions and night shift work in hospital healthcare professionals: The intricate effects of social jet-lag and sleep debt. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939829. [PMID: 36164341 PMCID: PMC9509137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to examine the effects of circadian and sleep rhythm disruptions on immune biomarkers among hospital healthcare professionals working night shifts and rotating day shifts. Methods Hospital nurses working either as permanent night shifters (n=95) or as day shifters rotating between morning and afternoon shifts (n=96) kept a daily diary on their sleep and work schedules over a full working week. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the last shift during the week, and participants were categorized into three groups based on work shift: morning shift (39 day shifters sampled at 7:00 and 14:00), afternoon shift (57 day shifters sampled at 14:00 and 21:00), and night shift (95 night shifters sampled at 21:00 and 7:00). Circulating blood counts in immune cells, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations as well as total sleep time per 24 hours during work days (TST24w) and free days (TST24f), sleep debt (TST24f - TST24w) and social jet-lag (a behavioral proxy of circadian misalignment) were assessed. Results Compared with day shifters, night shifters had shorter sleep duration (TST24w=5.4 ± 1.4h), greater sleep debt (3.2 ± 1.4 h) and social jet-lag (6.7 ± 2.4 h). Variations of immune biomarkers concentrations were consistent with the expected diurnal variations among day shifters (i.e., low level in the morning, increase during the day, peak value in the evening). By contrast, in night shifters, blood concentrations of total lymphocytes, T-helper cells, cytotoxic T-cells, memory B-cells and interleukin-6 were lower at 21:00, increased during the night, and reached higher values at 7:00. Multivariate analyses ruled out significant impact of TST24w, sleep debt, and social jet-lag on immune biomarkers concentrations among day shifters. In contrast, among night shifters, multivariate analyses indicated a combined effect of total sleep time (TST24w), sleep debt and social jet-lag for total lymphocytes and T-helper cells but only a social jet-lag effect for interleukin-6 and a single total sleep time effect for neutrophil and B-Cells. Conclusions Altogether, our results point to intricate response patterns of immune rhythms to circadian misalignment and sleep debt in night shifters. Specifically, these altered pattern expressions of immune cells may increase vulnerability to infections and reduce vaccination efficiency in night workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Faraut
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- APHP, APHP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de La Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Inserm, CESP (Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Team Exposome and Heredity, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillen Aristizabal
- Inserm, CESP (Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Team Exposome and Heredity, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- APHP, APHP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de La Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Francis Lévi
- UPR “Chronothérapie, Cancers, et Transplantation”, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Hepato-Biliary Center, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Cancer Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Léger
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- APHP, APHP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de La Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm, CESP (Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Team Exposome and Heredity, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that systemic chronic inflammation (SCI), which can be modulated by diet, is associated with poor sleep outcomes. However, the role of SCI in diet health and sleep quality relationship has not been well established. METHODS Here, by using the UK Biobank data set, we assessed the association between markers of SCI (leukocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and basophil counts; C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), habitual intake of food groups, diet health and sleep quality in 449,084 participants. We also formally tested the possibility that SCI might mediate the relationship between diet health and sleep quality. RESULTS Our results revealed (i) negative associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in healthy diets (fruit, vegetable and oily and non-oily fish) and (ii) positive associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in unhealthy diets (processed meat). Sleep quality was also negatively associated with platelet counts, CRP levels and NLR. Crucially, however, while platelet and neutrophil counts, CRP levels and NLR fully mediated the association between diet health and sleep quality, leukocyte, lymphocyte and basophil counts partially mediated the associations between diet health and sleep quality. CONCLUSION Reducing SCI via dietary interventions could be an effective primary and/or complementary strategy to increase sleep quality. Further interventional trials are warranted to (i) establish the strength of associations, preferably by using validated diet and sleep measures and (ii) examine longer term effects of anti-inflammatory diets on sleep-, diet- and inflammation-related health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piril Hepsomali
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, UK
| | - John A Groeger
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Declercq I, Van Den Eede F, Roelant E, Verbraecken J. SHIFTPLAN: a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a multimodal shift-work intervention on drivers' fatigue, sleep, health, and performance parameters. Trials 2022; 23:662. [PMID: 35978435 PMCID: PMC9382013 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is commonly associated with health problems resulting from circadian misalignment and sleep restriction. About one in three shift workers is affected by insomnia and up to 90% report regular fatigue and/or sleepiness at the workplace. Epidemiological data shows that shift workers are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, breast cancer, mental-health problems, and shift-work disorder, which conditions typically lead to reduced work performance, processing errors, accidents at work, absenteeism, and reduced quality of life. Given these widespread and debilitating consequences, there is an urgent need for treatments that help improve the sleep, health, and functional performance of the shift-working population. The most common non-pharmacological recommendations are improved scheduling, bright-light exposure, napping, psychoeducation promoting sleep hygiene, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. The objectives of the present study are to investigate the effects of a multimodal shift-work intervention on perceived fatigue, sleepiness, physical and mental health, sleep parameters, and absenteeism. METHODS A randomized controlled interventional study comparing the two groups each comprising at least 80 drivers of a public transport company, using self-report questionnaires and health checks completed at intake and after 3 and 6 months following the start of the intervention or waiting-list period. The intervention consists of (a) healthy scheduling taking into account shift-rotation direction and speed, chronotype, resting time, and napping; (b) an education program specifically developed for shift workers; and (c) a dedicated information campaign for shift planners. The primary outcome is symptomatic burden in terms of sleepiness, and the key secondary outcome is symptomatic burden in terms of fatigue. Supplementary secondary outcomes are sleep parameters, absenteeism, general and clinical health, changes in mood, and anxiety. DISCUSSION Expected outcomes are significant improvements on all primary and secondary outcome parameters in the intervention group. To our knowledge, ours is the first randomized controlled study to systematically investigate the effects of a multimodal program on multiple health, sleep, and performance parameters in shift workers. Our research also aims at providing evidence-based practice guidelines for healthy scheduling in general and thus contribute to diminishing the serious health and economic burdens associated with shift work overall. TRIAL REGISTRATION EDGE registration number: 000339. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT05452096.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Declercq
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Center, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655 - 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Filip Van Den Eede
- Department of Psychiatry, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655 - 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ella Roelant
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC), CRC Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Johan Verbraecken
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Center, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655 - 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Medical Coordinator Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Center (UZA), LEMP FGGW UA, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655 - 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bayon V, Berger M, Solelhac G, Haba-Rubio J, Marques-Vidal P, Strippoli MP, Preisig M, Leger D, Heinzer R. Impact of night and shift work on metabolic syndrome and its components: a cross-sectional study in an active middle-to-older-aged population-based sample. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053591. [PMID: 35168974 PMCID: PMC8852754 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of work schedules on metabolic syndrome and its components in active middle-to-older-aged workers. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis including middle-to-older-aged active workers from the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (Lausanne, Switzerland) was performed. Work schedule was self-reported and defined as follows: permanent day, day shift, night shift and permanent night work. Associations between work schedule and the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components were analysed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS A total of 2301 active workers (median age (IQR): 55.4 (50.8 to 60.4), 50.1% women) were included. Of these, 1905 were permanent day workers, 220 were day-shift workers, 134 were night-shift workers and 42 were permanent night-shift workers. There were significant interactions between sex and work schedule for metabolic syndrome, high triglycerides and visceral obesity. Men but not women permanent night workers had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than permanent day workers in multivariable-adjusted analyses (OR 4.45 (95% CI 1.36 to 14.56)). Analysis of metabolic syndrome subcomponents showed that the association between work schedule and metabolic syndrome in men was mainly driven by visceral obesity (OR 3.35 (95% CI 1.04 to 10.76)). Conversely, women but not men working in night shift were at increased risk of having high triglycerides compared with permanent day workers (OR 2.92 (95% CI 1.03 to 8.27)). CONCLUSIONS The risk of metabolic syndrome is higher in men working in permanent night shift compared with permanent day work, and this association could be mediated by visceral obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bayon
- Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Berger
- Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Geoffroy Solelhac
- Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Haba-Rubio
- Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Leger
- Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Paris, France
- EA 7330 VIFASOM, Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Heinzer
- Center of Investigation and Research on Sleep (CIRS), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Night shift work characteristics are associated with several elevated metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts in a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2022. [PMID: 35132155 PMCID: PMC8821707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Night shift work is associated with increased health risks. Here we examined the association of metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts, with both night shift work and particular characteristics thereof: frequency, duration and consecutive night shifts. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 10,201 non-shift workers and 1062 night shift workers of the Lifelines Cohort study. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and occupational factors, were used to study associations of night shift work characteristics with metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts. Night shift workers had an increased BMI, waist circumference and immune cell counts compared to non-shift workers. This was especially seen in night shift workers who had a higher frequency of night shifts per month (≥ 5: BMI: B = 0.81 kg/m2 (95%-CI = 0.43–1.10); waist circumference: B = 1.58 cm (95%-Cl = 0.34–1.71; leukocytes: B = 0.19 × 109 cells/L (95%-CI = 0.04–0.34 × 109)) and worked more consecutive night shifts (> 3: BMI: B = 0.92 kg/m2 (95%-CI = 0.41–1.43); waist circumference: B = 1.85 cm (95%-Cl = 0.45–3.24); leukocytes: B = 0.32 × 109 cells/L (95%-CI = 0.09–0.55 × 109)). This association was less pronounced in long-term night shift workers (≥ 20 years). Our findings provide evidence for the association between night shift work characteristics and BMI, waist circumference and leukocytes (including, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophil granulocytes).
Collapse
|
22
|
Mason BJ, Tubbs AS, Fernandez FX, Grandner MA. Spectrophotometric properties of commercially available blue blockers across multiple lighting conditions. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:653-664. [PMID: 34983271 PMCID: PMC9106867 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2021229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lenses that filter short-wavelength ("blue") light are commercially marketed to improve sleep and circadian health. Despite their widespread use, minimal data are available regarding their comparative efficacy in curtailing blue light exposure while maintaining visibility. Fifty commercial lenses were evaluated using five light sources: a blue LED array, a computer tablet display, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent overhead luminaire, and sunlight. Absolute irradiance was measured at baseline and for each lens across the visual spectrum (380-780 nm), which allowed calculation of percent transmission. Transmission specificity was also calculated to determine whether light transmission was predominantly circadian-proficient (455-560 nm) or non-proficient (380-454 nm and 561-780 nm). Lenses were grouped by tint and metrics were compared between groups. Red-tinted lenses exhibited the lowest transmission of circadian-proficient light, while reflective blue lenses had the highest transmission. Orange-tinted lenses transmitted similar circadian-proficient light as red-tinted lenses but transmitted more non-circadian-proficient light, resulting in higher transmission specificity. Orange-tinted lenses had the highest transmission specificity while limiting biologically active light exposure in ordinary lighting conditions. Glasses incorporating these lenses currently have the greatest potential to support circadian sleep-wake rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke J Mason
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew S Tubbs
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Light Algorithms Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona College of Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wirth MD, Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, McLain AC, Burch JB, Davis JE, Hébert JR, Violanti JM. Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between the dietary inflammatory index and objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13543. [PMID: 34967055 PMCID: PMC9240102 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Police officers experience exposures associated with increased inflammation, such as the stress associated with shiftwork and poor-quality diet, both of which have been shown to affect sleep duration and quality. This study examined the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of the Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) on objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. Data were derived from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Cohort (n = 464 at baseline), with longitudinal data collected from 2004 to 2019. A food frequency questionnaire obtained estimated dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated. Dependent variables were objectively (Micro Motion Logger Sleep Watch™) and subjectively (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) measured sleep quality and quantity. The analyses included a series of linear mixed-effects models used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the E-DII and sleep quantity and quality. Cross-sectionally, more pro-inflammatory diets were associated with higher wake-after-sleep-onset but improved subjective sleep quality. In models accounting for both longitudinal and cross-sectional effects, for every 1-unit increase in the E-DII scores over time (representing a pro-inflammatory change), wake-after-sleep-onset increased by nearly 1.4 min (p = 0.07). This result was driven by officers who primarily worked day shifts (β = 3.33, p = 0.01). Conversely, for every 1-unit increase in E-DII score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score improved. More pro-inflammatory diets were associated with increased wake-after-sleep-onset, an objective measure of sleep quality. Intervention studies to reduce dietary inflammatory potential may provide greater magnitude of effect for changes in sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jean E Davis
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Zhang S, Wang H, Xue C, Zhang X, Qin S, Yuan J. Rotating night shift work, sleep duration and elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase among steelworkers: cross-sectional analyses from a Chinese occupational cohort. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053125. [PMID: 34911716 PMCID: PMC8679064 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) among steelworkers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used the baseline information from a Chinese occupational cohort. The in-service workers of the production department of Tangsteel Company who participated in the occupational health examination in Tangshan from February to June 2017 were selected as the research objects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated GGT among steelworkers. RESULTS The information of 7031 subjects from the production department of Tangsteel Company was analysed. Results showed that the current shift workers and the workers with the duration of night shifts>19 years, the cumulative number of night shifts>1774 nights, the average frequency of night shifts≤7 nights/month and the average frequency of night shifts>7 nights/month had elevated odds of elevated GGT, compared with those who never worked night shifts, and ORs, (95% CIs) were 1.39, (1.10 to 1.75), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.86), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.85), 1.34, (1.04 to 1.73) and 1.37, (1.09 to 1.74) after adjustment for potential confounders. The independent effect of shorter sleep duration (<7 hours/day) on elevated GGT was not statistically significant. Among workers who had shorter sleep duration, the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT was statistically significant, but no associations were found among workers with the sleep duration of ≥7 hours/day. In addition, other lifestyle factors affected the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT. CONCLUSIONS Rotating night shift work is associated with elevated GGT among steelworkers. In particular, the effect of rotating night shift work on elevated GGT was affected by sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Shengkui Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Xue
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Atwater AQ, Immergluck LC, Davidson AJ, Castanon-Cervantes O. Shift Work Predicts Increases in Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, Interleukin-10, and Leukocyte Counts in a Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Volunteers Carrying Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413158. [PMID: 34948768 PMCID: PMC8701724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of inflammatory responses is a potential mechanism behind the harmful effects of shift work and is associated with increased risk of hypertension, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. These responses are linked to the proliferation of leukocytes in shift workers, suggesting a systemic signal as a potential mediator. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic inflammation, leukocyte counts, and systemic endotoxemia in samples from a diverse cohort of day workers and shift workers. Participants (normothermic and normotensive) were healthy volunteers, non-smoking, and drug- and medication-free. The following outcomes were measured: C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, leukocyte counts (monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). Risk factors that increase systemic inflammation, such as blood pressure, sleep loss, and cortisol, were also assessed. The results indicated that shift workers slept significantly less than day workers and had significantly increased concentrations of all of the cytokines measured as well as plasma cortisol. Regression models found that after controlling for covariates, shift-work exposure predicted the significant increase observed in IL-10, leukocyte counts, and LBP. Our results suggest that acute increases in low-grade systemic endotoxemia are unresolved during chronic shift-work exposure. This ongoing immune challenge may underlie the disrupted inflammatory responses characteristic of shift-work-related pathologies. Systemic endotoxemia may represent a novel target to investigate the early effects of exposure to shift-work schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Q. Atwater
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Lilly Cheng Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
- Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Alec J. Davidson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Oscar Castanon-Cervantes
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (A.Q.A.); (A.J.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cable J, Schernhammer E, Hanlon EC, Vetter C, Cedernaes J, Makarem N, Dashti HS, Shechter A, Depner C, Ingiosi A, Blume C, Tan X, Gottlieb E, Benedict C, Van Cauter E, St-Onge MP. Sleep and circadian rhythms: pillars of health-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:18-34. [PMID: 34341993 PMCID: PMC8688158 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human circadian system consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral molecular clocks located in organs throughout the body. This system plays a major role in the temporal organization of biological and physiological processes, such as body temperature, blood pressure, hormone secretion, gene expression, and immune functions, which all manifest consistent diurnal patterns. Many facets of modern life, such as work schedules, travel, and social activities, can lead to sleep/wake and eating schedules that are misaligned relative to the biological clock. This misalignment can disrupt and impair physiological and psychological parameters that may ultimately put people at higher risk for chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate sleep circadian rhythms may ultimately lead to insights on behavioral interventions that can lower the risk of these diseases. On February 25, 2021, experts in sleep, circadian rhythms, and chronobiology met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Sleep & Circadian Rhythms: Pillars of Health" to discuss the latest research for understanding the bidirectional relationships between sleep, circadian rhythms, and health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin C Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Shechter
- Department of Medicine and Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Depner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elie Gottlieb
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Matre D, Christensen JO, Mork PJ, Ferreira P, Sand T, Nilsen KB. Shift work, inflammation and musculoskeletal pain-The HUNT Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:422-427. [PMID: 34551112 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that shift work, in particular night work, is associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain but the mechanisms are unclear. It has been suggested that sleep disturbance, a common complaint among shift and night workers, may induce low-grade inflammation as well as heightened pain sensitivity. AIMS Firstly, this study was aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations between shift work, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and chronic musculoskeletal pain, and secondly, to analyse CRP as a mediator between shift work and chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS The study included 23 223 vocationally active women and men who participated in the HUNT4 Survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Information was collected by questionnaires, interviews, biological samples and clinical examination. RESULTS Regression analyses adjusted for sex, age and education revealed significant associations between shift work and odds of any chronic musculoskeletal pain (odd ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.19), between shift work and CRP level (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16) and between CRP level 3.00-10 mg/L and any chronic musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.27-1.51). Shift work and CRP were also associated with number of chronic pain sites. Mediation analysis indicated that shift work was indirectly associated with any chronic musculoskeletal pain through CRP (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that shift work is associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and that systemic inflammation may be a biological mechanism linking shift work to chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Matre
- Division of Research, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo 0033, Norway
| | - J O Christensen
- Division of Research, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo 0033, Norway
| | - P J Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7004, Norway
| | - P Ferreira
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2600, Australia
| | - T Sand
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - K B Nilsen
- Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo 0424, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Collins BEG, Hartmann TE, Marino FE, Skein M. Inflammatory Status and Cardio-metabolic Risk Stratification of Rotational Shift Work. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:79-88. [PMID: 34219158 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the physiological effects of rotational shift work on measures of cardio-metabolic function. METHODS Sedentary, healthy men (n = 87; age 37 ± 9 years; body mass index: 30.7 ± 5.1 kg m2) were recruited and categorized via occupation. SHIFT group: currently employed in rotational shift work defined by 8-12 h morning, afternoon, and night rotations; or NSHIFT: working fixed daytime hours. Testing procedures included baseline objective sleep assessment and laboratory testing, conducted between 0600 and 0900 h to assess body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), inflammatory status [C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], glucose metabolism, heart rate variability (HRV), and self-reported leisure time physical activity (PA). RESULTS SHIFT reported significantly less leisure time PA (P = 0.019), reduced VO2peak (P = 0.007), higher body fat percentage (BF%) (P = 0.021), increase response time to oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.016), and higher IL-6 values (P = 0.008) compared with NSHIFT. A significant difference was observed in actigraphy measured total sleep time, with SHIFT recording reduced sleep following a night shift (P = 0.001). No group difference was observed in HRV or average sleep parameters (P > 0.05). Linear regression identified a significant association between occupation and inflammatory status (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Rotational shift work is associated with increased risk factors for cardio-metabolic disorders, despite no differences in sleep quality and quantity. The results suggest rotational shift work has a detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of employees; with homeostatic desynchronization identified as potential pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake E G Collins
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan E Hartmann
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank E Marino
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Skein
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meléndez-Fernández OH, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Clocks, Rhythms, Sex, and Hearts: How Disrupted Circadian Rhythms, Time-of-Day, and Sex Influence Cardiovascular Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:883. [PMID: 34198706 PMCID: PMC8232105 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of mortality in the United States, and ischemic heart disease accounts for 16% of all deaths around the world. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and exercise have often been primary targets in addressing these conditions. However, mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors that disrupt physiological rhythms might contribute to the development of these diseases, as well as contribute to increasing other risk factors that are typically associated with cardiovascular disease. Exposure to light at night, transmeridian travel, and social jetlag disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms, which, in turn, alter carefully orchestrated bodily functioning, and elevate the risk of disease and injury. Research into how disrupted circadian rhythms affect physiology and behavior has begun to reveal the intricacies of how seemingly innocuous environmental and social factors have dramatic consequences on mammalian physiology and behavior. Despite the new focus on the importance of circadian rhythms, and how disrupted circadian rhythms contribute to cardiovascular diseases, many questions in this field remain unanswered. Further, neither time-of-day nor sex as a biological variable have been consistently and thoroughly taken into account in previous studies of circadian rhythm disruption and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will first discuss biological rhythms and the master temporal regulator that controls these rhythms, focusing on the cardiovascular system, its rhythms, and the pathology associated with its disruption, while emphasizing the importance of the time-of-day as a variable that directly affects outcomes in controlled studies, and how temporal data will inform clinical practice and influence personalized medicine. Finally, we will discuss evidence supporting the existence of sex differences in cardiovascular function and outcomes following an injury, and highlight the need for consistent inclusion of both sexes in studies that aim to understand cardiovascular function and improve cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
| | - James C. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.C.W.); (R.J.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nevels TL, Burch JB, Wirth MD, Ginsberg JP, McLain AC, Andrew ME, Allison P, Fekedulegn D, Violanti JM. Shift Work Adaptation Among Police Officers: The BCOPS Study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:907-923. [PMID: 33781135 PMCID: PMC8262273 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1895824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined shiftwork adaptation among police officers or potential differences in disease biomarkers among adapted and maladapted shiftworkers. This study characterized shiftwork adaptation among 430 police officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study. Police officers working fixed night shifts with symptoms characteristic of adaptation and maladaptation were identified using latent class analysis (n = 242). Two approaches were applied, one with police-specific symptoms and another using more general symptoms as shiftwork adaptation indicators. Biomarkers of inflammation, heart rate variability, and cardiometabolic risk were then compared between shiftwork adaptation groups, and with officers working day shifts, after adjusting for confounding. When analyses included police-specific symptoms, maladapted shiftworkers (n = 73) had more self-reported stress, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and less social support than adapted shiftworkers (n = 169). Using more general symptoms, maladapted officers (n = 56) reported more stress and depression, and less social support than adapted officers (n = 186). In police-specific models, adjusted (least-squares) means (± standard error) of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in maladapted officers (0.8 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml]) were modestly elevated relative to adapted shiftworkers (0.7 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml], p = .09) and relative to permanent day workers (0.5 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml], p ≤ 0.01), and leptin levels in maladapted officers (9.6 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml]) exceeded those in the adapted (9.4 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml], p ≤ 0.01) and day shift groups (9.4 ± 0.1 ln[pg/ml], p = .03). In the general model, adjusted mean tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations among maladapted officers (5.6 ± 0.23 pg/ml) exceeded the adapted (4.8 ± 0.2 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.01) and day workers (5.0 ± 0.2 pg/ml, p = .04), and insulin among maladapted officers was higher (2.4 ± 0.1 ln[uu/ml]) than the adapted group (1.8 ± 0.1 ln[uu/ml], p = .03). No differences were observed for the other biomarkers. The results suggest that maladaptation among police officers working fixed night shifts may lead to increases in leptin, insulin, IL-6, and TNF-α; however, the cross-sectional design and possible residual confounding preclude interpretation of cause and effect. Prospective studies are planned to further characterize the relationship between shiftwork maladaptation and biomarkers of chronic disease risk in this police officer cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torrance L. Nevels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Dorn Research Institute, WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Interservice-Physician Assistant Program, MEDCoE, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston,, Texas, USA
| | - James B. Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Dorn Research Institute, WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D. Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - JP Ginsberg
- Dorn Research Institute, WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander C. McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xiao Q, Qian J, Evans DS, Redline S, Lane NE, Ancoli-Israel S, Scheer FAJL, Stone K. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms with Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:55-65. [PMID: 33822930 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest-activity rhythm characteristics using multi-day actigraphy, and examined their associations with six inflammatory markers (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-α-sRII, IL-1 β, IFN-γ) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest-activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest-activity rhythms and changes in in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow up. We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these three rest-activity characteristics was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (i.e. having three or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest-activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest-activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Holst MM, Wirth MD, Allison P, Burch JB, Andrew ME, Fekedulegn D, Hussey J, Charles LE, Violanti JM. An analysis of shiftwork and self-reported depressive symptoms in a police cohort from Buffalo, New York. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:830-838. [PMID: 33706643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1895197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Shiftwork has been associated with elevated depressive symptoms; police officers frequently work shifts and may experience depressive symptoms. This study assessed the association between depressive symptoms and shiftwork in a police cohort from Buffalo, New York, USA using a repeated cross-sectional design with data collected in 2004-2009 (n = 428) and 2010-2014 (n = 261). Electronic payroll records were used to quantitatively classify officers on the day, evening, or night shift based on the shift they spent most of their working hours. Two self-reported depressive symptomology measures were used as outcomes - the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Repeated measures linear and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate least squares means or odds, respectively, of depressive symptom questionnaire scores by shiftwork category. Those working the evening/night shift had higher odds for depressive symptoms according to the BDI (based on a cut-point score of 14) than those working the day shift (OR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.15-18.39). Similar results were observed for the evening shift group. No differences in mean CES-D or BDI scores were observed between groups for short-term shiftwork, long-term shiftwork, or shift changes. After stratifying by stress, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), total Impact of Events (IES), and the Spielberger Police Stress Survey (SPSS), mean values for depressive symptoms were higher in the high-stress categories regardless of shiftwork status. Further research should include biomarkers for depression, a longitudinal study design with a larger cohort, and joint effects of shiftwork and stress on depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Holst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shift work, low-grade inflammation, and chronic pain: a 7-year prospective study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1013-1022. [PMID: 33550437 PMCID: PMC8238752 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We investigated prospective associations of shift work with chronic pain and C‐reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation. Furthermore, we elucidated CRP as a possible mediator and/or moderator of effects of shift work on pain. Methods Data from a 7 years follow‐up study were analyzed (N = 2323). Shift work and chronic pain of “neck/shoulder”, “arm/hand”, “upper back”, “low back”, “hip/leg/feet”, and “other regions” were measured by questionnaires. “Chronic widespread pain”, “number of chronic pain sites”, and “any chronic pain” were computed. CRP was measured in serum samples. Logistic and Poisson regressions were conducted. Mediation was assessed by casual mediation analyses and moderation by the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI). Results Shift work was not associated with any chronic pain variable and no mediation was detected. CRP was associated with low back pain, hip/leg pain, and “number of pain sites”, and also with the combination of shift work and CRP of 1–2.99 mg/L (compared to: no shiftwork and CRP < 1). Additionally, shiftwork and CRP 1–2.99 mg/L was associated with risk of “any chronic pain” (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.85), which was not associated with CRP alone. Moderation analyses suggested the risks for “any chronic pain” and “number of pain regions” increased when individuals with elevated CRP worked shifts—beyond what the separate effects of CRP and shift would suggest. Conclusions We found no evidence of shift work in general affecting CRP or chronic pain. However, shift work and elevated CRP combined may influence chronic pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-020-01626-2.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hoopes EK, Witman MA, D'Agata MN, Berube FR, Brewer B, Malone SK, Grandner MA, Patterson F. Rest-activity rhythms in emerging adults: implications for cardiometabolic health. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:543-556. [PMID: 33435741 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1868490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood (18-25 years) represents a window of opportunity to modify the trajectory of cardiometabolic disease risk into older adulthood. Not known is the extent to which rest-activity rhythms (RAR) may be related to biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in this population. In this cross-sectional, observational study, 52 healthy emerging adults wore wrist accelerometers (14 consecutive days; 24 h/day) for assessment of nonparametric RAR metrics, including interdaily stability (IS; day-to-day RAR consistency), intradaily variability (IV; within-day RAR fragmentation), and relative amplitude (RA; robustness of RAR), as well as autocorrelation (correlation of rest/activity levels at 24-h lag-times). Cardiometabolic biomarkers, including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, blood pressure (BP), fasting lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. Additional measures including physical activity, sleep duration, and habitual caffeine and alcohol consumption were also evaluated. A series of multivariable regression models of cardiometabolic biomarkers were used to quantify associations with RAR metrics. On average, participants were 20 ± 1 years of age (21 males, 31 females), non-obese, and non-hypertensive. All were nonsmokers and free of major diseases or conditions. In separate models, which adjusted for sex, BMI, moderate-vigorous physical activity, sleep duration, caffeine, and alcohol consumption, IS was inversely associated with total cholesterol (p ≤ 0.01) and non-HDL cholesterol (p < .05), IV was positively associated with CRP (p < .05), and autocorrelation was inversely associated with total cholesterol (p < .05) and CRP (p < .05). Conversely, associations between RA and cardiometabolic biomarkers were nonsignificant after adjustment for BMI, alcohol, and caffeine consumption. In conclusion, RAR metrics, namely, a higher IS, lower IV, and higher autocorrelation, emerged as novel biomarkers associated with more favorable indices of cardiometabolic health in this sample of apparently healthy emerging adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Hoopes
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Melissa A Witman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Felicia R Berube
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Benjamin Brewer
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Susan K Malone
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Freda Patterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Balasubramanian P, DelFavero J, Ungvari A, Papp M, Tarantini A, Price N, de Cabo R, Tarantini S. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) for prevention of age-related vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101189. [PMID: 32998063 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most significant risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and the number of individuals affected by VCI is expected to exponentially increase in the upcoming decades. Yet, there are no current preventative or therapeutic treatments available against the development and progression of VCI. Therefore, there is a pressing need to better understand the pathophysiology underlying these conditions, for the development of novel tools and interventions to improve cerebrovascular health and delay the onset of VCI. There is strong epidemiological and experimental evidence that lifestyle factors, including nutrition and dietary habits, significantly affect cerebrovascular health and thereby influence the pathogenesis of VCI. Here, recent evidence is presented discussing the effects of lifestyle interventions against age-related diseases which in turn, inspired novel research aimed at investigating the possible beneficial effects of dietary interventions for the prevention of cognitive decline in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jordan DelFavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Magor Papp
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amber Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nathan Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging/Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The circadian clock and inflammation: A new insight. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 512:12-17. [PMID: 33242468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that controls a series of physiological processes, including inflammation. It can directly interact physically with the components of the key inflammatory pathway. Similarly, inflammation can also lead to circadian rhythm disorders, which may further amplify the inflammatory response and aggravate tissue damage. This review offers a structured overview that focusses on the core proteins of the circadian clock and their interactions with inflammatory players, and provides a potential mechanism for the pathological rhythms observed under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee W, Kang SK, Choi WJ. Effect of long work hours and shift work on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among Korean workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 47:200-207. [PMID: 33201246 PMCID: PMC8126439 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the association between low-grade inflammation as indicated by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and organizational factors, such as work hours and shift work. Methods We evaluated 7470 young and middle-aged workers who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2015-2018. Work hours were determined from self-reported questionnaires. Shift work was defined as a non-daytime fixed work schedule. An interaction effect between shift work and long work hours on the hsCRP level was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Increased hsCRP levels were prevalent in 25.2% of the study population. There was a significant association between long work hours and increased hsCRP, especially among middle-aged men [odds ratio (OR) 1.50 (95% CI 1.20-1.87) for moderately increased hsCRP and OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.14-2.30) for highly increased hsCRP]. There was a significant interaction effect between long work hours and shift work on increased hsCRP among middle-aged workers. The RERI were 0.03 (95% CI 0.02-0.04) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.45-0.68) among middle-aged men and women, respectively. The AP were 0.02 (95% CI 0.01-0.03) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.31-0.40) among middle-aged men and women, respectively. Conclusion There was no significant association between shift work and the level of hsCRP. Long work hours were related to low-grade inflammatory processes, but only in middle-aged workers. There was an interaction effect between long work hours and shift work for increased hsCRP, especially in middle-aged women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
El-Benhawy SA, El-Tahan RA, Nakhla SF. Exposure to Radiation During Work Shifts and Working at Night Act as Occupational Stressors Alter Redox and Inflammatory Markers. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:76-83. [PMID: 33039210 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of breast cancer etiology suggest evidence that night shift working and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) are defined risk factors for breast cancer development. There are few studies to clarify neuroendocrine and inflammatory status and the possible consequences particularly in occupational exposure. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to associate the redox and inflammatory biomarkers with either nightshift working or occupational radiation exposure, and to compare their levels between the two groups at Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt. METHODS We included 150 female nurses at Alexandria University Hospitals: 50 nightshift workers, 50 radiation workers, and 50 dayshift workers as a control group (neither work nightly nor radiation workers). In morning serum sample (7 am), we measured the concentrations of serum melatonin, Cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by ELISA; malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels colorimetrically, and C-reactive protein (C-RP) levels by turbidimetric method. RESULTS Nightshift workers had significantly lower levels of melatonin and TAC, and higher levels of serum inflammatory markers and cortisol, than day shift control group of workers. Workers occupationally exposed to IR had significantly higher levels of serum melatonin, MDA and inflammatory markers, lower levels of serum cortisol, and lower TAC than day shift workers. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to IR and working nightly alter circulating redox and inflammatory biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A El-Tahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sameh F Nakhla
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bjorvatn B, Axelsson J, Pallesen S, Waage S, Vedaa Ø, Blytt KM, Buchvold HV, Moen BE, Thun E. The Association Between Shift Work and Immunological Biomarkers in Nurses. Front Public Health 2020; 8:415. [PMID: 33042933 PMCID: PMC7521138 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Shift work is associated with several negative health effects. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear, but low-grade inflammation has been suggested to play a role. This project aimed to determine whether levels of immunological biomarkers differ depending on work schedule, self-reported sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality, and presence of shift work disorder (study 1). Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether these biomarkers differ after a night of sleep vs. at the end of a night or a day shift (study 2). Methods: In study 1, 390 nurses provided blood samples after a night of sleep with the dried blood spot method. In study 2, a subset of 55 nurses also provided blood samples after a day shift and after a night shift. The following biomarkers were measured: interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-13, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Multiple linear regressions with adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (study 1) and ANOVAs with repeated measures (study 2) were conducted. Results: In study 1, neither work schedule, number of night shifts, number of quick returns (<11 h between consecutive shifts), sleep duration, poor sleep quality, nor shift work disorder were systematically associated with most of these biomarkers. Compared with day only work, day-evening work was associated with higher levels of IL-1alpha and IL-13, quick returns were associated with higher levels of IL-1beta and MCP-1, short sleep duration (<6 h) was associated with lower levels of IL-1beta and higher levels of TNF-alpha, and long sleep duration (8+ h) was associated with higher levels of IL-13. In study 2, IL-1beta levels were higher (large effect size) both after a day shift (14% increase) and a night shift (75% increase) compared with levels after a night of sleep. Similarly, TNF-alpha levels were higher (moderate-large effect size) after a day shift (50% increase) compared to after a night of sleep. In contrast, MCP-1 levels were lower (large effect size) both after a day shift (22% decrease) and a night shift (12% decrease) compared with after a night of sleep. Conclusions: We found some indications that shift work influenced immunological biomarkers. The results should be interpreted with caution due to limitations, e.g., related to the sampling procedure and to low levels of biomarkers in the blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti M Blytt
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hogne V Buchvold
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirunn Thun
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Slavish DC, Taylor DJ, Dietch JR, Wardle-Pinkston S, Messman B, Ruggero CJ, Kohut M, Kelly K. Intraindividual Variability in Sleep and Levels of Systemic Inflammation in Nurses. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:678-688. [PMID: 32697443 PMCID: PMC7484081 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disturbed sleep is common among nurses and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Inflammation may be one mechanism linking sleep and disease. However, most studies rely on retrospective questionnaires to assess sleep, which fail to account for night-to-night fluctuations in sleep across time (i.e., intraindividual variability [IIV]). We examined prospective associations between mean and IIV in sleep with inflammation markers in nurses. METHODS Participants were 392 nurses (mean age = 39.54 years, 92% female, 23% night-shift working) who completed 7 days of sleep diaries and actigraphy to assess mean and IIV in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Blood was drawn on day 7 to assess inflammation markers C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-1β. RESULTS Greater IIV in total sleep time-measured via both actigraphy and sleep diary-was associated with higher IL-6 (actigraphy: b = 0.05, p = .046, sr = 0.01; diary: b = 0.04, p = .030, sr = 0.01) and IL-1β (actigraphy: b = 0.12, p = .008, sr = 0.02; diary: b = 0.09, p = .025, sr = 0.01), but not C-reactive protein or tumor necrosis factor α. IIV in actigraphy- and sleep diary-determined sleep efficiency was not associated with inflammation biomarkers, nor were any mean sleep variables. Shift work did not moderate any associations. CONCLUSIONS Nurses with more variable sleep durations had elevated levels of inflammation, which may increase risk for development of inflammatory-related diseases. Research should investigate how sleep regularization may change levels of inflammation and improve health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- From the Department of Psychology (Slavish, Messman, Ruggero, Kelly), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas; Department of Psychology (Taylor, Wardle-Pinkston), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (Dietch), Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Dietch), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; and Department of Kinesiology (Kohut), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mello MTD, Silva A, Guerreiro RDC, da-Silva FR, Esteves AM, Poyares D, Piovezan R, Treptow E, Starling M, Rosa DS, Pires GN, Andersen ML, Tufik S. Sleep and COVID-19: considerations about immunity, pathophysiology, and treatment. Sleep Sci 2020; 13:199-209. [PMID: 33381288 PMCID: PMC7755266 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fear and uncertainty caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, threats to survival are one of the main problems of everyday life; however, mental health care must also be considered a priority. During social isolation also called self-quarantine, the restricted mobility and social contact, concern about financial resources and availability of supplies, fear of infection, questions about the duration of self-quarantine, cause anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and reduced the quality and quantity of sleep, that may present a greater risk to the health of the general population. Sleep disorders are increasingly becoming a major health issue in modern society, and are influenced by retinal stimulation by electronic devices, as well extended and/or night shift-work, which may aggravate the systemic and lung inflammation during viral infections. Sleep disorders can induce pro-inflammatory states and be harmful during the COVID-19 pandemic. The possible interactions between many drugs used to treat COVID-19, and those used to treat sleep disorders are unknown, mostly due to the lack of a standard protocol to treat these patients. Insufficient sleep or irregular sleep-wake cycles may impair health, immune system, induce pro-inflammation state, and may lead to increased vulnerability to viral infections, involving inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidant imbalance. In this sense, obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with recognized COVID-19 risk comorbidities and considered a risk factor for COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care cannot stop, and telemedicine has presented itself as an alternative method of delivering services. When a face-to-face visit is mandatory, or in locations with minimal community transmission where sleep centers have resumed activities, it is important that the sleep center facilities are properly prepared to receive the patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow all relevant safety rules. In this work we gathered a group of researchers, specialists in aspects related to chronobiology, sleep, sleep disorders, and the immune system. Thus, we conducted a narrative review in order to address the relationship between COVID-19 and sleep, as well as its immunological aspects and strategies that may be applied in order to mitigate the harmful effects on health that affects everyone during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio De Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Rodrigues da-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Andrea Maculano Esteves
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas - Limeira - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Piovezan
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Erika Treptow
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Federal University of São Paulo, Departament of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
High-Intensity Training Reduces CVD Risk Factors among Rotating Shift Workers: An Eight-Week Intervention in Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113943. [PMID: 32498373 PMCID: PMC7312909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rotating shift work is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have studied the effect of 17 min high-intensity training three times a week over eight weeks on CVD risk factors among shift workers. Sixty-five shift workers from two plants were recruited. They were all deemed healthy at the initial health screening and in 100% work. From plant A, 42 workers, and plant B, 23 workers participated. After the intervention, 56 workers were retested. The intervention group consisted of 19 participants from plant A who had participated in at least 10 sessions. Twenty workers from plant B and 17 workers from plant A that not had taken part in the training were included in the control group. All workers reported physical activity (PA) by questionnaires before and after the training intervention. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and arterial stiffness. Maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2max) was assessed by bicycle ergometry. The intervention group favorably differed significantly from the control group in improvement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Short training sessions with 4 min of high-intensity PA, three times a week, for eight weeks among rotating shift workers reduced some CVD risk factors. PA interventions in occupational settings may thus decrease coronary heart disease and stroke incidences in this vulnerable group of workers.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rada S, Strohmaier S, Drucker AM, Eliassen AH, Schernhammer ES. Night shift work surrounding pregnancy and offspring risk of atopic disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231784. [PMID: 32298373 PMCID: PMC7161965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work surrounding pregnancy may contribute to the risk of developing atopic diseases in offspring due to alterations in the prenatal environment, from stress. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal night shift work surrounding pregnancy and offspring risk of developing atopic diseases from childhood to adolescence. METHODS We examined the association between night shift work before and during pregnancy among 4,044 mothers in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever risk in 4,813 of their offspring enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). Mothers reported whether GUTS participants had ever been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the GUTS Mothers' questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were no significant associations between pre-conception maternal night shift work and risk of atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in their offspring. Among 545 mothers with information on night shift work during pregnancy, shift work also was not associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the offspring. Stratified analyses by history of parental atopy and maternal chronotype showed some statistically significant findings, but they were inconsistent and no significant interaction was seen with increasing duration of night shift work. CONCLUSION In this study, night shift work before and during pregnancy did not increase offspring risk of developing atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rada
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Loef B, van der Beek AJ, Hulsegge G, van Baarle D, Proper KI. The mediating role of sleep, physical activity, and diet in the association between shift work and respiratory infections. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:516-524. [PMID: 32255192 PMCID: PMC7737798 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Shift work may be associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. However, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, our aim was to examine the mediating role of sleep, physical activity, and diet in the association between shift work and respiratory infections. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 396 shift and non-shift workers employed in hospitals. At baseline, sleep duration and physical activity were measured using actigraphy and sleep/activity diaries, sleep quality was reported, and frequency of meal and snack consumption was measured using food diaries. In the following six months, participants used a smartphone application to report their influenza-like illness/acute respiratory infection (ILI/ARI) symptoms daily. Mediation analysis of sleep, physical activity, and diet as potential mediators of the effect of shift work on ILI/ARI incidence rate was performed using structural equation modeling with negative binomial and logistic regression. Results: Shift workers had a 23% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.49] higher incidence rate of ILI/ARI than non-shift workers. After adding the potential mediators to the model, this reduced to 15% (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 0.94–1.40). The largest mediating (ie, indirect) effect was found for poor sleep quality, with shift workers having 29% more ILI/ARI episodes via the pathway of poorer sleep quality (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.95). Conclusions: Compared to non-shift workers, shift workers had a higher incidence rate of ILI/ARI that was partly mediated by poorer sleep quality. Therefore, it may be relevant for future research to focus on perceived sleep quality as an underlying mechanism in the relation between shift work and increased infection susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bette Loef
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Johnson CY, Tanz LJ, Lawson CC, Schernhammer ES, Vetter C, Rich‐Edwards JW. Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:240-248. [PMID: 31828843 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, but its associations with cardiovascular disease biomarkers are unclear. We investigated these associations in a study of female nurses. METHODS We used data from the Nurses' Health Study II for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The sample sizes for our analysis ranged from 458 (fibrinogen) to 3574 (total cholesterol). From questionnaires, we determined the number of night shifts worked in the 2 weeks before blood collection and total years of rotating night shift work. We used quantile regression to estimate differences in biomarker levels by shift work history, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Nurses working 1 to 4 recent night shifts had median HDL cholesterol levels 4.4 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 7.5) lower than nurses without recent night shifts. However, working ≥5 recent night shifts and years of rotating night shift work were not associated with HDL cholesterol. There was no association between recent night shifts and CRP, but median CRP levels were 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.2), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.4), and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4) mg/L higher among nurses working rotating night shifts for 1 to 5, 6 to 9, and ≥10 years compared with nurses never working rotating night shifts. These associations were attenuated when excluding postmenopausal women and women taking statins. We observed no associations between night shift work and other biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS We found suggestive evidence of adverse short-term and long-term effects of night shift work on select cardiovascular disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Y. Johnson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Lauren J. Tanz
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Women's HealthBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Christina C. Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of EpidemiologyCenter for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder Colorado
| | - Janet W. Rich‐Edwards
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Women's HealthBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily cycles in biological function that are ubiquitous in nature. Understood as a means for organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes, circadian rhythms are also important for orchestrating complex biological processes such as immunity. Nowhere is this more evident than in the respiratory system, where circadian rhythms in inflammatory lung disease have been appreciated since ancient times. In this focused review we examine how emerging research on circadian rhythms is being applied to the study of fundamental lung biology and respiratory disease. We begin with a general introduction to circadian rhythms and the molecular circadian clock that underpins them. We then focus on emerging data tying circadian clock function to immunologic activities within the respiratory system. We conclude by considering outstanding questions about biological timing in the lung and how a better command of chronobiology could inform our understanding of complex lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nosal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haspel JA, Anafi R, Brown MK, Cermakian N, Depner C, Desplats P, Gelman AE, Haack M, Jelic S, Kim BS, Laposky AD, Lee YC, Mongodin E, Prather AA, Prendergast BJ, Reardon C, Shaw AC, Sengupta S, Szentirmai É, Thakkar M, Walker WE, Solt LA. Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity - an NIH workshop summary. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131487. [PMID: 31941836 PMCID: PMC7030790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses - ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation -are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ron Anafi
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marishka K. Brown
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences and
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Human Sleep and Inflammatory Systems Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron D. Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne C. Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian J. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department, of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaon Sengupta
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Éva Szentirmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Mahesh Thakkar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Wendy E. Walker
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The immune system potentially plays an important mechanistic role in the relation between shift work and adverse health effects. To better understand the immunological effects of shift work, we compared numbers and functionality of immune cells between night-shift and non-shift workers. Blood samples were collected from 254 night-shift and 57 non-shift workers employed in hospitals. Absolute numbers of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and T cell subsets were assessed. As read out of immune function, monocyte cytokine production and proliferative capacity of CD4 and CD8 T cells in response to various stimuli were analysed. The mean number of monocytes was 1.15 (95%-CI = 1.05–1.26) times higher in night-shift than in non-shift workers. Furthermore, night-shift workers who worked night shifts in the past three days had a higher mean number of lymphocytes (B = 1.12 (95%-CI = 1.01–1.26)), T cells (B = 1.16 (95%-CI = 1.03–1.31)), and CD8 T cells (B = 1.23 (95%-CI = 1.05–1.45)) compared to non-shift workers. No differences in functional parameters of monocytes and lymphocytes were observed. The differences in numbers of monocytes and T cells suggest that chronic exposure to night-shift work as well as recent night-shift work may influence the immune status of healthcare workers. This knowledge could be relevant for preventive initiatives in night-shift workers, such as timing of vaccination.
Collapse
|
50
|
Raspante Cerqueira Teixeira K, de Medeiros LA, Mendes JA, Vaz ER, Cunha TM, de Oliveira EP, Penha-Silva N, Crispim CA. The erythrocyte membrane stability is associated with sleep time and social jetlag in shift workers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222698. [PMID: 31545844 PMCID: PMC6756543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane (OSEM) has been associated with changes in lipid profile, blood glucose and blood pressure. Changes in these parameters are very frequent in shift workers, possibly because of the lack of synchronization of biological rhythms, which results in the social jetlag. However, the existence of association between OSEM and circadian misalignment has not been investigated in this population. Therefore, this study investigated whether shift work, sleep time and social jetlag (SJL) are associated with biochemical and hematological variables. A population consisting of 79 men working at night (n = 37) or during the day (n = 42), aged between 21 and 65 years and with a mean BMI of 27.56 ± 4.0 kg/m2, was investigated cross-sectionally in relation to sleep time, SJL, anthropometric (height, weight and waist circumference) and blood variables, with emphasis on the OSEM. SJL was calculated by the absolute difference between the midpoint of sleep on work and rest days. The Generalized Linear Model (GzLM) was used to investigate the existence of associations between SJL and average sleep time in relation to the analyzed variables. Workers without SJL presented lower baseline lysis values of erythrocytes in isotonic medium in relation to workers with SJL. In addition, workers who slept on average less than 6 hours had higher OSEM, and higher total and LDL-cholesterol in relation to those who slept more than 6 hours, regardless of the shift. It is possible that the association of sleep deprivation and SJL with erythrocyte membrane stability is mediated through changes in the lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emília Rezende Vaz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|