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Liu BH, Xu CZ, Liu Y, Lu ZL, Fu TL, Li GR, Deng Y, Luo GQ, Ding S, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial quality control in human health and disease. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38812059 PMCID: PMC11134732 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells, play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism. However, their significance extends beyond this, as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and redox balance. In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli, a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism has evolved, encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC. Furthermore, the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail. We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC, aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting-Lv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Qing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Ni D, Lin X, Deng C, Yuan L, Li J, Liu Y, Liang P, Jiang B. Energy Metabolism: From Physiological Changes to Targets in Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00114-3. [PMID: 38734307 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by a variety of dysregulated responses to host infection with life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction. Among the injuries or dysfunctions involved in the course of sepsis, cardiac injury and dysfunction often occur and are associated with the pathogenesis of hemodynamic disturbances, also defined as sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). The process of myocardial metabolism is tightly regulated and adapts to various cardiac output demands. The heart is a metabolically flexible organ capable of utilizing all classes of energy substrates, including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and ketone bodies to produce ATP. The demand of cardiac cells for energy metabolism changes substantially in septic cardiomyopathy with distinct etiological causes and different times. This review describes changes in cardiomyocyte energy metabolism under normal physiological conditions and some features of myocardial energy metabolism in septic cardiomyopathy, and briefly outlines the role of the mitochondria as a center of energy metabolism in the septic myocardium, revealing that changes in energy metabolism can serve as a potential future therapy for infectious cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chuanhuang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ludong Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.
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Fu Q, Zhang YB, Shi CX, Jiang M, Lu K, Fu ZH, Ruan JP, Wu J, Gu XP. GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway mediates hippocampal synaptic damage and neural oscillation abnormalities in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:96. [PMID: 38627764 PMCID: PMC11020266 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptotic cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) facilitates mitochondrial fission and ensures quality control to maintain cellular homeostasis during infection. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway in cognitive impairments in a mouse model of SAE. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish an animal model of SAE. In the interventional study, mice were treated with the GSDMD inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) or the Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1). Surviving mice underwent behavioral tests, and hippocampal tissues were harvested for histological analysis and biochemical assays at corresponding time points. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assays were used to evaluate neuronal damage. Golgi staining was used to detect synaptic dendritic spine density. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was performed to assess mitochondrial and synaptic morphology in the hippocampus. Local field potential recordings were conducted to detect network oscillations in the hippocampus. RESULTS CLP induced the activation of GSDMD, an upregulation of Drp1, leading to associated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, as well as neuronal and synaptic damage. Consequently, these effects resulted in a reduction in neural oscillations in the hippocampus and significant learning and memory deficits in the mice. Notably, treatment with NSA or Mdivi-1 effectively prevented these GSDMD-mediated abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the GSDMD/Drp1 signaling pathway is involved in cognitive deficits in a mouse model of SAE. Inhibiting GSDMD or Drp1 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the observed synaptic damages and network oscillations abnormalities in the hippocampus of SAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi-Bao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chang-Xi Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zi-Hui Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Li Q, Shi M, Ang Y, Yu P, Wan B, Lin B, Chen W, Yue Z, Shi Y, Liu F, Wang H, Duan M, Long Y, Bao H. Hydrogen ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury through AMPK-mediated bidirectional regulation of Caspase3. Mol Immunol 2024; 168:64-74. [PMID: 38428216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Septic lung injury is characterized by uncontrollable inflammatory infiltrations and acute onset bilateral hypoxemia. Evidence has emerged of the beneficial effect of hydrogen in acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this research, the recovery action of hydrogen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice and A549 cells was investigated. The 7-day survival rate and body weight of mice were measured after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Lung function was determined by a whole body plethysmography (WBP) system using the indicators respiratory rate and enhanced pause. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining confirmed the signs of pulmonary edema and inflammatory ooze. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) quantification was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors. Western blotting analysis evaluated the expression levels of involved proteins in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The experimental results confirmed that hydrogen provided an essential solution to the dissipative effects of LPS on survival rate, weight loss and lung function. The LPS-stimulated inflammatory factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also suppressed by hydrogen in A549 cells. Western blot analysis showed that hydrogen significantly upregulated the levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and lowered the LPS-induced increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and Caspase3. These findings prove that hydrogen attenuated LPS-treated ALI by activating the AMPK pathway, supporting the feasibility of hydrogen treatment for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yang Ang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zichuan Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yadan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Faqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Manlin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China; Department of Anesthesiology, BenQ Medical Center, the Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210019, China.
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211100, China.
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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Salami OM, Habimana O, Peng JF, Yi GH. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:163-180. [PMID: 35704247 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an increasingly worldwide problem; it is currently regarded as a complex life-threatening dysfunction of one or more organs as a result of dysregulated host immune response to infections. The heart is one of the most affected organs, as roughly 10% to 70% of sepsis cases are estimated to turn into sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). SIC can be defined as a reversible myocardial dysfunction characterized by dilated ventricles, impaired contractility, and decreased ejection fraction. Mitochondria play a critical role in the normal functioning of cardiac tissues as the heart is highly dependent on its production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), its damage during SIC includes morphology impairment, mitophagy, biogenesis disequilibrium, electron transport chain disturbance, molecular damage from the actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and many other different impairments that are major contributing factors to the severity of SIC. Although mitochondria-targeted therapies usage is still inadequate in clinical settings, the preclinical study outcomes promise that the implementation of these therapies may effectively treat SIC. This review summarizes the different therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria structure, quality, and quantity abnormalities for the treatment of SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olive Habimana
- International College, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Fu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Zhu W, Liu X, Luo L, Huang X, Wang X. Interaction between mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:272-282. [PMID: 37828780 PMCID: PMC10652695 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of mitochondrial homeostasis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell barrier function and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Cells were treated with LPS or oligomycin (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitor) and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated. Moreover, the shedding of glycocalyx-heparan sulphate (HS), the levels of HS-specific degrading enzyme heparanase (HPA), and the expression of occludin and zonula occludens (ZO-1) of Tight Junctions (TJ)s, which are mediated by myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC), were assessed. Examining the changes in mitochondrial homeostasis showed that adding heparinase III, which is an exogenous HPA, can destroy the integrity of glycocalyx. LPS simultaneously increased mitochondrial swelling, mtROS, and ΔΨm. Without oligomycin effects, HS, HPA levels, and p-MLC were found to be elevated, and the destruction of occludin and ZO-1 increased. Heparinase III not only damaged the glycocalyx by increasing HS shedding but also increased mitochondrial swelling and mtROS and decreased ΔΨm. Mitochondrial homeostasis is involved in LPS-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction by aggravating HPA and p-MLC levels. In turn, the integrated glycocalyx protects mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Liqing Luo
- Department of HematologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
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Pei XB, Liu B. Research Progress on the Mechanism and Management of Septic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Emerg Med Int 2023; 2023:8107336. [PMID: 38029224 PMCID: PMC10681771 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a kind of life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host immune response to infection and is a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, also called septic cardiomyopathy, is a common and serious complication in patients with sepsis, which may indicate a bad prognosis. Although efforts have been made to uncover the pathophysiology of septic cardiomyopathy, a number of uncertainties remain. This article sought to review available literature to summarize the existing knowledge on current diagnostic tools and biomarkers, pathogenesis, and treatments for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Pei
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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van der Slikke EC, Beumeler LFE, Holmqvist M, Linder A, Mankowski RT, Bouma HR. Understanding Post-Sepsis Syndrome: How Can Clinicians Help? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6493-6511. [PMID: 37795206 PMCID: PMC10546999 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s390947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a global health challenge, with over 49 million cases annually. Recent medical advancements have increased in-hospital survival rates to approximately 80%, but the escalating incidence of sepsis, owing to an ageing population, rise in chronic diseases, and antibiotic resistance, have also increased the number of sepsis survivors. Subsequently, there is a growing prevalence of "post-sepsis syndrome" (PSS). This syndrome includes long-term physical, medical, cognitive, and psychological issues after recovering from sepsis. PSS puts survivors at risk for hospital readmission and is associated with a reduction in health- and life span, both at short and long term, after hospital discharge. Comprehensive understanding of PSS symptoms and causative factors is vital for developing optimal care for sepsis survivors, a task of prime importance for clinicians. This review aims to elucidate our current knowledge of PSS and its relevance in enhancing post-sepsis care provided by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C van der Slikke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Lise F E Beumeler
- Department of Intensive Care, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, 8934AD, the Netherlands
- Department of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, 8911 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Madlene Holmqvist
- Department of Infection Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Adam Linder
- Department of Infection Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713GZ, the Netherlands
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Critical Illness Myopathy: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065516. [PMID: 36982590 PMCID: PMC10052131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key structures providing most of the energy needed to maintain homeostasis. They are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), participate in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, store calcium and are integral components in various intracellular signaling cascades. However, due to their crucial role in cellular integrity, mitochondrial damage and dysregulation in the context of critical illness can severely impair organ function, leading to energetic crisis and organ failure. Skeletal muscle tissue is rich in mitochondria and, therefore, particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are phenomena of generalized weakness and atrophying skeletal muscle wasting, including preferential myosin breakdown in critical illness, which has also been linked to mitochondrial failure. Hence, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, dysregulation of the respiratory chain complexes, alterations in gene expression, disturbed signal transduction as well as impaired nutrient utilization have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This narrative review aims to highlight the current known molecular mechanisms immanent in mitochondrial dysfunction of patients suffering from ICUAW and CIM, as well as to discuss possible implications for muscle phenotype, function and therapeutic approaches.
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Wu Y, Chen L, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Zhao G, Lu Z. PINK1 protects against dendritic cell dysfunction during sepsis through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control. Mol Med 2023; 29:25. [PMID: 36809929 PMCID: PMC9945621 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Recent research has indicated that collective mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to the dysfunction of immune cells observed during sepsis. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) has been characterized as a guide for impaired mitochondria that can keep mitochondrial homeostasis. However, its role in the function of DCs during sepsis and the related mechanisms remain obscure. In our study, we elucidated the effect of PINK1 on DC function during sepsis and its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment were used as in vivo and in vitro sepsis models, respectively. RESULTS We found that changes in mitochondrial PINK1 expression of DCs paralleled changes in DC function during sepsis. The ratio of DCs expressing MHC-II, CD86, and CD80, the mRNAs level of dendritic cells expressing TNF-α and IL-12, and the level of DC-mediated T-cell proliferation were all decreased, both in vivo and in vitro during sepsis, when PINK1 was knocked out. This suggested that PINK1 knockout prevented the function of DCs during sepsis. Furthermore, PINK1 knockout inhibited Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein (Parkin)-dependent mitophagy and enhanced dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-related mitochondrial fission, and the negative effects of PINK1 knockout on DC function following LPS treatment were reversed by Parkin activation and Drp1 inhibitor. Knockout of PINK1 also increased apoptosis of DCs and the mortality of CLP mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that PINK1 protected against DC dysfunction during sepsis through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Zhao N, Sun R, Cui Y, Song Y, Ma W, Li Y, Liang J, Wang G, Yu Y, Han J, Xie K. High Concentration Hydrogen Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Alleviating Mitochondrial Fission and Dysfunction. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020244. [PMID: 36836478 PMCID: PMC9966938 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the main cause of early death in septic shock. Lungs are among the organs that are affected in MOF, resulting in acute lung injury. A large number of inflammatory factors and stress injury in sepsis can lead to alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. Numerous studies have confirmed that hydrogen can alleviate sepsis in the animal model. The purpose of this experiment was to explore the therapeutic effect of high concentration (67%) hydrogen on acute lung injury in septic mice and its mechanism. Methods: The moderate and severe septic models were prepared by cecal ligation and puncture. Hydrogen with different concentrations was inhaled for one hour at 1 h and 6 h after the corresponding surgery. The arterial blood gas of mice during hydrogen inhalation was monitored in real time, and the 7-day survival rate of mice with sepsis was recorded. The pathological changes of lung tissues and functions of livers and kidneys were measured. The changes of oxidation products, antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lungs and serums were detected. Mitochondrial function was measured. Results: The inhalation of 2% or 67% hydrogen improves the 7-day survival rate and reduces acute lung injury as well as liver and kidney injury in sepsis. The therapeutic effect of 67% hydrogen inhalation on sepsis was related to increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing oxidation products and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lungs and serums. Compared with the Sham group, mitochondrial dysfunction was alleviated in hydrogen groups. Conclusions: Hydrogen inhalation by high or low concentration can both significantly improve sepsis; however, a high concentration demonstrates a better protective effect. High concentration hydrogen inhalation can significantly improve the mitochondrial dynamic balance and reduce the lung injury in septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ruiqiang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wanjie Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yingning Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (K.X.)
| | - Jiange Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (K.X.)
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (K.X.)
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12
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Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Barrier Function of Intestinal Injury in Endotoxemia through HO-1/PINK1 Pathway-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1464853. [PMID: 36647427 PMCID: PMC9840552 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1464853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Endotoxemia (ET) is a common critical illness in patients receiving intensive care and is associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay. The intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction is regarded as the "engine" of deteriorated ET. Although electroacupuncture (EA) can mitigate endotoxin-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction in ET, the mechanism through which EA improves endotoxin-induced intestinal injury for preventing ET deterioration needs further investigation. Methods An in vivo ET model was developed by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild-type and PINK1-knockout mice. An in vitro model was also established by incubating epithelial cells in the serum samples obtained from both groups of mice. Hemin and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) were applied to activate or inhibit heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) production. EA treatment was performed for 30 min consecutively for 5 days before LPS injection, and on the day of the experiment, EA was performed throughout the process. Samples were harvested at 6 h after LPS induction for analyzing tissue injury, oxidative stress, ATP production, activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), and changes in the levels of HO-1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), mitochondrial fusion and fission marker gene, caspase-1, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Results In the wild-type models (both in vivo and vitro), EA alleviated LPS-induced intestinal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduced levels of mitochondrial fission proteins. EA treatment also boosted histopathological morphology, ATP levels, DAO activity, and levels of mitochondrial fusion proteins in vivo and vitro. The effect of EA was enhanced by hemin but suppressed by Znpp. However, EA + AP, Znpp, or hemin had no effects on the LPS-induced, PINK1-knocked out mouse models. Conclusion EA may improve the HO-1/PINK1 pathway-mediated mitochondrial dynamic balance to protect the intestinal barrier in patients with ET.
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13
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Chojnacki AK, Navaneetha Krishnan S, Jijon H, Shutt TE, Colarusso P, McKay DM. Tissue imaging reveals disruption of epithelial mitochondrial networks and loss of mitochondria-associated cytochrome-C in inflamed human and murine colon. Mitochondrion 2023; 68:44-59. [PMID: 36356719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction as defined by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of biopsies or ultra-structure in transmission electron microscopy occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, mitochondrial dynamics in IBD have received minimal attention, with most investigations relying on cell-based in vitro models. We build on these studies by adapting the epithelial cell immunofluorescence workflow to imaging mitochondrial networks in normal and inflamed colonic tissue (i.e., murine di-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis, human ulcerative colitis). Using antibodies directed to TOMM20 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20) and cytochrome-C, we have translated the cell-based protocol for high-fidelity imaging to examine epithelial mitochondria networks in intact intestine. In epithelia of non-inflamed small or large intestinal tissue, the mitochondrial networks were dense and compact. This pattern was more pronounced in the basal region of the cell compared to that between the nucleus and apical surface facing the gut lumen. In comparison, mitochondrial networks in inflamed tissue displayed substantial loss of TOMM20+ staining. The remaining networks were less dense and fragmented, and contained isolated spherical mitochondrial fragments. The degree of mitochondrial network fragmentation mirrored the severity of inflammation, as assessed by blinded semi-quantitative scoring. As an indication of poor cell 'health' or viability, cytosolic cytochrome-C was observed in enterocytes with highly fragmented mitochondria. Thus, high-resolution and detailed visualization of mitochondrial networks in tissue is a feasible and valuable approach to assess disease, suited to characterizing mitochondrial abnormalities in tissue. We speculate that drugs that maintain a functional remodelling mitochondrial network and limit excess fragmentation could be a valuable addition to current therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Chojnacki
- Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saranya Navaneetha Krishnan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Humberto Jijon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Medicine, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Live Cell Imaging Laboratory, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Hu S, Zhou W, Wang S, Xiao Z, Li Q, Zhou H, Liu M, Deng H, Wei J, Zhu W, Yang H, Lv X. Global Research Trends and Hotspots on Mitochondria in Acute Lung Injury from 2012-2021: A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:585. [PMID: 36612909 PMCID: PMC9819343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome associated with mitochondria and lacks effective preventive and therapeutic measures. This bibliometric study aims to gain insight into the scientific findings regarding mitochondria in ALI/ARDS. METHODS We retrieved the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for mitochondria in ALI/ARDS publications from 2012-2021. VOSviewer, CiteSpace (5.8. R3) and Bibliometrix (3.1.4) R package were used for further analysis and visualization. RESULT A total of 756 English-language articles and reviews were identified. The annual number of publications presented a rapidly developing trend. China was the most productive and cited country, and the USA had the greatest impact. In the keyword co-occurring network, the terms "acute lung injury", "oxidative stress", "inflammation", "mitochondria" and "apoptosis" occurred most frequently. The co-citation network revealed that #1 mesenchymal stromal cell and #3 endothelial cell had the most bursts of citations. In addition, research hotspots have shifted from "potential therapeutic treatments" and "mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)" to "endothelial cell" and "mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)". CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis reveals the research directions and frontier hotspots of mitochondria in ALI/ARDS, which has shown a rapid growth trend in annual publication numbers. mtDNA, mitophagy, and apoptosis have been the most active research areas, while studies on mitochondrial transfer in stem cells have become a hot topic in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Lv
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (X.L.)
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15
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Zhou Y, Long D, Zhao Y, Li S, Liang Y, Wan L, Zhang J, Xue F, Feng L. Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes hepatic stellate cell activation via stimulating oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:689. [PMID: 35933403 PMCID: PMC9357036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics in fibrotic livers and hepatocytes. Little is currently known about how mitochondrial dynamics are involved, nor is it clear how mitochondrial dynamics participate in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in HSC activation and the underlying mechanisms. We verified that mitochondrial fission was enhanced in human and mouse fibrotic livers and active HSCs. Moreover, increased mitochondrial fission driven by fis1 overexpression could promote HSC activation. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial fission inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) could inhibit activation and induce apoptosis of active HSCs, indicating that increased mitochondrial fission is essential for HSC activation. Mdivi-1 treatment also induced apoptosis in active HSCs in vivo and thus ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. We also found that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was increased in active HSCs, and OxPhos inhibitors inhibited activation and induced apoptosis in active HSCs. Moreover, increasing mitochondrial fission upregulated OxPhos, while inhibiting mitochondrial fission downregulated OxPhos, suggesting that mitochondrial fission stimulates OxPhos during HSC activation. Next, we found that inhibition of oxidative stress using mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ) and Tempol inhibited mitochondrial fission and OxPhos and induced apoptosis in active HSCs, suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to excessive mitochondrial fission during HSC activation. In conclusion, our study revealed that oxidative stress contributes to enhanced mitochondrial fission, which triggers OxPhos during HSC activation. Importantly, inhibiting mitochondrial fission has huge prospects for alleviating liver fibrosis by eliminating active HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Dan Long
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Shengfu Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Fulai Xue
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
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16
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Abstract
Sepsis-associated AKI is a life-threatening complication that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who are critically ill. Although it is clear early supportive interventions in sepsis reduce mortality, it is less clear that they prevent or ameliorate sepsis-associated AKI. This is likely because specific mechanisms underlying AKI attributable to sepsis are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms will form the foundation for the development of strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI. Here, we summarize recent laboratory and clinical studies, focusing on critical factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI: microcirculatory dysfunction, inflammation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, autophagy and efferocytosis, inflammatory reflex pathway, vitamin D, and metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, identifying these molecular targets and defining clinical subphenotypes will permit precision approaches in the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kuwabara
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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17
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Wu Y, Guo X, Peng Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Sepsis Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879430. [PMID: 35845992 PMCID: PMC9277456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a planned, purposeful action to keep a healthy lifestyle and improve physical fitness. Physical exercise has been widely used as a non-pharmacological approach to preventing and improving a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of physical exercise on sepsis have not been summarized until now. In this review, we discuss the effects of physical exercise on multiple organ functions and the short- and long-time outcomes of sepsis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of physical exercise on sepsis are discussed. In conclusion, we consider that physical exercise may be a beneficial and non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Joint Logistics Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
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18
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Mokhtari B, Yavari R, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoodpoor A. An Overview on Mitochondrial-Based Therapies in Sepsis-Related Myocardial Dysfunction: Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Promising Approach. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:3277274. [PMID: 35706715 PMCID: PMC9192296 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3277274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ failure due to dysregulated host response to infection. Despite current advances in our knowledge about sepsis, it is still considered as a major global health challenge. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-defined manifestation of sepsis which is related to worse outcomes in septic patients. Given that the heart is a mitochondria-rich organ and the normal function of mitochondria is essential for successful modulation of septic response, the contribution of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction has attracted the attention of many scientists. It is widely accepted that mitochondrial damage is involved in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; however, effective and potential treatment modalities in clinical setting are still lacking. Mitochondrial-based therapies are potential approaches in sepsis treatment. Although various therapeutic strategies have been used for mitochondrial function improvement, their effects are limited when mitochondria undergo irreversible alterations under septic challenge. Therefore, application of more effective approaches such as mitochondrial transplantation has been suggested. This review highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction, then provides an overview on mitochondrial-based therapies and current approaches to mitochondrial transplantation as a novel strategy, and proposes future directions for more researches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Yavari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Intensive Care Unit, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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20
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Nrf2 in Kidney Disease: Timing Is Critical. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9275056. [PMID: 35528519 PMCID: PMC9072027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9275056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis plays a critical role in the progression of renal disease. Recent studies have shown that activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has time-dependent protective effects, which can be explained by the differing regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis during the various stages of kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms whereby mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated and the nature of the dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in renal disease. In addition, we summarize the dual roles of Nrf2 in kidney disease by discussing the studies that have shown the importance of the timing of its activation in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This should provide a theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at activating Nrf2 in kidney disease.
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21
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Petroni RC, de Oliveira SJS, Fungaro TP, Ariga SKK, Barbeiro HV, Soriano FG, de Lima TM. Short-term Obesity Worsens Heart Inflammation and Disrupts Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function in an Experimental Model of Endotoxemia. Inflammation 2022; 45:1985-1999. [PMID: 35411498 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a well-known complication of sepsis that may deteriorate when accompanied by obesity. To test this hypothesis we fed C57black/6 male mice for 6 week with a high fat diet (60% energy) and submitted them to endotoxemic shock using E. coli LPS (10 mg/kg). Inflammatory markers (cytokines and adhesion molecules) were determined in plasma and heart tissue, as well as heart mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Obesity markedly shortened the survival rate of mouse after LPS injection and induced a persistent systemic inflammation since TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and resistin plasma levels were higher 24 h after LPS injection. Heart tissue inflammation was significantly higher in obese mice, as detected by elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα). Obese animals presented reduced maximum respiratory rate after LPS injection, however fatty acid oxidation increased in both groups. LPS decreased mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondria biogenesis factors, such as PGC1α and PGC1β, in both groups, while NRF1 expression was significantly stimulated in obese mice hearts. Mitochondrial fusion/fission balance was only altered by obesity, with no influence of endotoxemia. Obesity accelerated endotoxemia death rate due to higher systemic inflammation and decreased heart mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa Petroni
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Suelen Jeronymo Souza de Oliveira
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Pineda Fungaro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Suely K K Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP, 01246-903, Brazil.
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22
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Liu S, Chong W. Roles of LncRNAs in Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Septic Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:802085. [PMID: 34899764 PMCID: PMC8652231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an abnormal systemic inflammatory response of the host immune system to infection and can lead to fatal multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 10-70% of sepsis cases can lead to septic cardiomyopathy. Since the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy is not clear, it is difficult for medical doctors to treat the disease. Therefore, finding effective interventions to prevent and reduce myocardial damage in septic cardiomyopathy is clinically significant. Epigenetics is the study of stable genetic phenotype inheritance that does not involve changing gene sequences. Epigenetic inheritance is affected by both gene and environmental regulation. Epigenetic studies focus on the modification and influence of chromatin structure, mainly including chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-related mechanisms. Recently, long ncRNA (lncRNA)-related mechanisms have been the focus of epigenetic studies. LncRNAs are expected to become important targets to prevent, diagnose and treat human diseases. As the energy metabolism centre of cells, mitochondria are important targets in septic cardiomyopathy. Intervention measures to prevent and treat mitochondrial damage are of great significance for improving the prognosis of septic cardiomyopathy. LncRNAs play important roles in life activities. Recently, studies have focused on the involvement of lncRNAs in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction. However, few studies have revealed the involvement of lncRNAs in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. In this article, we briefly review recent research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jiang C, Zhang J, Xie H, Guan H, Li R, Chen C, Dong H, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Baicalein suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission of macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112408. [PMID: 34801855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its serious form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are devastating diseases without effective chemotherapy. Exuberant or uncontrolled proinflammation responses in the lung, also known as "cytokine storms", is one of the main culprits in the pathogenesis of organ failure, and anti-inflammatory therapy is essential to alleviate ALI/ARDS-associated injuries. Emerging evidence suggests that baicalein has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the underlined mechanism of baicalein to mitigate inflammation in ALI remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated a critical role for baicalein in suppressing the inflammatory response of LPS-activated macrophages. We found that mitochondria function was restored in the condition of baicalein. Interestingly, results showed that mitochondrial dysfunction positively correlates with inflammatory cytokine generation at each corresponding baicalein concentration. Further mRNA analysis revealed that baicalein mitigates mitochondrial defects via attenuation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression. These reprogrammed mitochondria prevent their function shift from the ATP synthesis to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after the LPS challenge, thereby dampening NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine transcription. Baicalein reduces the production of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, MIP-1, IL-6, and diminishes neutrophil influx and severity of endotoxin-mediated ALI. Taken together, our results show that baicalein may serve as a new clinical therapeutic strategy in ALI by modulating Drp1-induced mitochondrial impairment, restraining inflammatory responses, and reducing the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiechun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiting Guan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Xiaokunshan Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhen Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Sharma A, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ali S, Syed MA. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in lung disorders. Life Sci 2021; 284:119876. [PMID: 34389405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling organelles which are critical for physiological adaptations and cellular stress responses to the environment. Various endogenous and environmental stress affects critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis such as oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, mitochondrial redox system which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The state of function of the mitochondrion is particularly dependent on the dynamic balance between mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Increasing evidence has suggested a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset and progression of various lung pathologies, ranging from acute to chronic disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging findings of multifaceted regulations of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal lung homeostasis as well as the prominence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a determining factor in different lung disorders such as lung cancer, COPD, IPF, ALI/ARDS, BPD, and asthma. The review will contribute to the existing understanding of critical molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial dynamic state during these pathological states. Furthermore, we have also highlighted various molecular checkpoints involved in mitochondrial dynamics, which may serve as hopeful therapeutic targets for the development of potential therapies for these lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Mattox TA, Psaltis C, Weihbrecht K, Robidoux J, Kilburg‐Basnyat B, Murphy MP, Gowdy KM, Anderson EJ. Prohibitin-1 Is a Dynamically Regulated Blood Protein With Cardioprotective Effects in Sepsis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019877. [PMID: 34219469 PMCID: PMC8483490 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background In sepsis, circulating cytokines and lipopolysaccharide elicit mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy, a major cause of morbidity and mortality with this condition. Emerging research places the PHB1 (lipid raft protein prohibitin-1) at the nexus of inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. PHB1 has also been reported in circulation, though its function in this compartment is completely unknown. Methods and Results Using a wide-ranging approach across multiple in vitro and in vivo models, we interrogated the functional role of intracellular and circulating PHB1 in the heart during sepsis, and elucidated some of the mechanisms involved. Upon endotoxin challenge or sepsis induction in rodent models, PHB1 translocates from mitochondria to nucleus in cardiomyocytes and is secreted into the circulation from the liver in a manner dependent on nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, a key transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response. Overexpression or treatment with recombinant human PHB1 enhances the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory response and protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes from mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity from cytokine stress. Importantly, administration of recombinant human PHB1 blunted inflammation and restored cardiac contractility and ATP production in mice following lipopolysaccharide challenge. This cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human PHB1 was determined to be independent of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, but partially dependent on PI3K/AKT signaling in the heart. Conclusions These findings reveal a previously unknown cardioprotective effect of PHB1 during sepsis, and illustrate a pro-survival, protective role for PHB1 in the circulation. Exploitation of circulating PHB1 as a biomarker and/or therapeutic could have widespread benefit in the clinical management of sepsis and other severe inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Mattox
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Christine Psaltis
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Katie Weihbrecht
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Jacques Robidoux
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Brita Kilburg‐Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
| | - Ethan J. Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental TherapeuticsCollege of PharmacyIowa CityIA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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Barbosa-Silva MC, Lima MN, Battaglini D, Robba C, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM, Maron-Gutierrez T. Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies. Crit Care 2021; 25:236. [PMID: 34229735 PMCID: PMC8259088 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases may affect brain function and cause encephalopathy even when the pathogen does not directly infect the central nervous system, known as infectious disease-associated encephalopathy. The systemic inflammatory process may result in neuroinflammation, with glial cell activation and increased levels of cytokines, reduced neurotrophic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neurotransmitter metabolism imbalances, and neurotoxicity, and behavioral and cognitive impairments often occur in the late course. Even though infectious disease-associated encephalopathies may cause devastating neurologic and cognitive deficits, the concept of infectious disease-associated encephalopathies is still under-investigated; knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, which may be distinct from those of encephalopathies of non-infectious cause, is still limited. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of encephalopathies associated with peripheral (sepsis, malaria, influenza, and COVID-19), emerging therapeutic strategies, and the role of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Barbosa-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Maiara N Lima
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction (SIMD): the Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondria. Inflammation 2021; 43:1184-1200. [PMID: 32333359 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a lethal syndrome with multiple organ failure caused by an inappropriate host response to infection. Cardiac dysfunction is one of the important complications of sepsis, termed sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), which is characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction of both sides of the heart. Mechanisms that contribute to SIMD include an excessive inflammatory response, altered circulatory, microvascular status, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis impairment, endothelial dysfunction, disorders of calcium regulation, cardiac autophagy anomaly, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, which is characterized by structural abnormalities, increased oxidative stress, abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial uncoupling, and disordered quality control systems, has been gaining increasing attention as a central player in the pathophysiology of SIMD. The disruption of homeostasis within the organism induced by mitochondrial dysfunction may also be an important aspect of SIMD development. In addition, an emerging therapy strategy targeting mitochondria, namely, metabolic resuscitation, seems promising. The current review briefly introduces the mechanism of SIMD, highlights how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to SIMD, and discusses the role of metabolic resuscitation in the treatment of SIMD.
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28
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Huang W, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang G, Liu D. Prognostic Significance of the Fission1/Parkin Ratio for Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:642749. [PMID: 34055831 PMCID: PMC8155307 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.642749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fission1 (Fis1) and parkin are key proteins related to mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, respectively. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the Fis1/parkin ratio as a biomarker in patients with sepsis. Methods: Consecutive patients with sepsis (n = 133) or simple infection (n = 24) were enrolled within 24 h of arrival at the intensive care unit (ICU). Serum levels of Fis1, parkin, mitofusin2 (Mfn2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) upon ICU admission. Clinical parameters and standard laboratory test data were also collected. All patients received follow-up for at least 28 days. Results: Patients with sepsis presented with significantly decreased serum levels of parkin, Mfn2, and PGC-1α, but an increased serum Fis1 level and Fis1/parkin, Fis1/Mfn2, and Fis1/PGC-1α ratios at ICU admission. Relative to patients with simple infections, the ratios were remarkably elevated in septic patients—particularly septic shock patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the Fis1/parkin ratio was greater than that of Fis1, parkin, Mfn2, and PGC-1α levels as well as that of the Fis1/Mfn2 and Fis1/PGC-1α ratios for prediction of 28-day mortality due to sepsis. All of the ratios were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors at the 28-day follow-up examination. Fis1/parkin ratio was found to be an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Conclusions: The Fis1/parkin ratio is valuable for risk stratification in patients with sepsis and is associated with poor clinical outcomes for sepsis in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhang L, Jiang Y, Deng S, Mo Y, Huang Y, Li W, Ge C, Ren X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Peng Q, Liu Z, Huang L, Zhou F, Ai Y. S100B/RAGE/Ceramide signaling pathway is involved in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119490. [PMID: 33862114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the most common complications of sepsis, and it might lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction and disability. This study aimed to explore the role of S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B)/RAGE/ceramide signaling pathway in SAE. MAIN METHODS FPS-ZM1 (an inhibitor of RAGE), myriocin and GW4869 (an inhibitor of ceramide) were used to explore the role of S100B/RAGE/ceramide in acute brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis. In addition, Mdivi-1 (inhibitor of Drp1) and Drp1 siRNA were utilized to assess the effects of C2-ceramide on neuronal mitochondria, and to explore the specific underlying mechanism in C2 ceramide-induced death of HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. KEY FINDINGS Western blot analysis showed that sepsis significantly up-regulated S100B and RAGE. Nissl staining and Morris water maze (MWM) test revealed that inhibition of RAGE with FPS-ZM1 markedly attenuated cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, FPS-ZM1 relieved sepsis-induced C2-ceramide accumulation and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, inhibition of ceramide also showed similar protective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Mdivi-1 and Drp1 siRNA significantly reduced C2-ceramide-induced neuronal mitochondrial fragmentation and cell apoptosis in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirmed that S100B regulates mitochondrial dynamics through RAGE/ceramide pathway, in addition to the role of this pathway in acute brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yunan Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Chenglong Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xinshu Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis by sAC-Derived cAMP Pool: Basic and Translational Aspects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020473. [PMID: 33671810 PMCID: PMC7926680 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the traditional view of mitochondria being solely a source of cellular energy, e.g., the "powerhouse" of the cell, mitochondria are now known to be key regulators of numerous cellular processes. Accordingly, disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis is a basic mechanism in several pathologies. Emerging data demonstrate that 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling plays a key role in mitochondrial biology and homeostasis. Mitochondria are equipped with an endogenous cAMP synthesis system involving soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which localizes in the mitochondrial matrix and regulates mitochondrial function. Furthermore, sAC localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane contributes significantly to mitochondrial biology. Disturbance of the sAC-dependent cAMP pools within mitochondria leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and pathology. In this review, we discuss the available data concerning the role of sAC in regulating mitochondrial biology in relation to diseases.
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Tan Y, Xia F, Li L, Peng X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Fang H, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Novel Insights into the Molecular Features and Regulatory Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dynamic Disorder in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669075. [PMID: 33688392 PMCID: PMC7914101 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through continuous fusion and fission, that is, mitochondrial dynamics, which is precisely mediated by mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). When the mitochondrial fission and fusion of cardiomyocytes are out of balance, they will cause their own morphology and function disorders, which damage the structure and function of the heart, are involved in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), septic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we focus on the latest findings regarding the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamic disorder in cardiovascular pathologies. Finally, we will address how these findings can be applied to improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengfan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Lulan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haihong Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Ave N, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Serum Mitochondrial Quality Control Related Biomarker Levels are Associated with Organ Dysfunction in Septic Patients. Shock 2021; 56:412-418. [PMID: 33534397 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the feasibility and the value of using mitochondrial quality control (MQC)-related proteins as biomarkers in septic patients. METHODS The enrolled subjects were divided into four groups: healthy control group (n = 30), intensive care unit (ICU) control group (n = 62), septic nonshock group (n = 40), and septic shock group (n = 94). Serum levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), and Parkin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of enrollment for all groups. Clinical parameters and laboratory test results were also collected. RESULTS The levels of MQC-related biomarkers between any two of the four groups were significantly different (P < 0.001 for all). The serum levels of PGC-1α, Mfn2, and Parkin were lowest in healthy individuals; the levels were dramatically higher in the ICU control group compared with the others, and they decreased progressively from the septic nonshock group to the septic shock group. However, the pattern for Fis1 was inverse; the more severe the condition was, the higher the level of Fis1. Moreover, there was moderate correlation between MQC-related biomarkers and the SOFA score (PGC-1α, r = -0.662; Fis1, r = 0.609; Mfn2, r = -0.677; Parkin, r = 0.-0.674, P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS The serum levels of PGC-1α, Fis1, Mfn2, and Parkin were significantly correlated with organ dysfunction and reflected the disease progression and severity. The dynamic surveillance of these four biomarkers could be beneficial to predict outcome and guide treatment.
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Sepsis is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage and a reduced mitochondrial mass in the kidney of patients with sepsis-AKI. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:36. [PMID: 33494815 PMCID: PMC7831178 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition accompanied by organ dysfunction subsequent to a dysregulated host response to infection. Up to 60% of patients with sepsis develop acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with a poor clinical outcome. The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI (sepsis-AKI) remains incompletely understood, but mitochondria have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis. Therefore, our aim was to identify mitochondrial damage in patients with sepsis-AKI. Methods We conducted a clinical laboratory study using “warm” postmortem biopsies from sepsis-associated AKI patients from a university teaching hospital. Biopsies were taken from adult patients (n = 14) who died of sepsis with AKI at the intensive care unit (ICU) and control patients (n = 12) undergoing tumor nephrectomy. To define the mechanisms of the mitochondrial contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis-AKI, we explored mRNA and DNA expression of mitochondrial quality mechanism pathways, DNA oxidation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity in renal biopsies from sepsis-AKI patients and control subjects. Next, we induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h to mimic sepsis and validate our results in vitro. Results Compared to control subjects, sepsis-AKI patients had upregulated mRNA expression of oxidative damage markers, excess mitochondrial DNA damage and lower mitochondrial mass. Sepsis-AKI patients had lower mRNA expression of mitochondrial quality markers TFAM, PINK1 and PARKIN, but not of MFN2 and DRP1. Oxidative DNA damage was present in the cytosol of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney of sepsis-AKI patients, whereas it was almost absent in biopsies from control subjects. Oxidative DNA damage co-localized with both the nuclei and mitochondria. Accordingly, HUVECs induced with LPS for 48 h showed an increased mnSOD expression, a decreased TFAM expression and higher mtDNA damage levels. Conclusion Sepsis-AKI induces mitochondrial DNA damage in the human kidney, without upregulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, which likely resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial mass.![]()
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhu J, Ma J, Niu Q, Wang X. Carbon monoxide attenuates LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats by regulating the mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173726. [PMID: 33159931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces myocardial dysfunction by damaging the mitochondrial structure in cardiomyocytes. Since low levels of carbon monoxide can confer cytoprotective effects against end-organ damage from endotoxic shock, we tested whether treatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) could ameliorate LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats by maintaining the dynamic equilibrium between the mitochondrial fusion and fission processes. Cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, myocardial enzymes, and changes in myocardial mitochondrial function and mitochondrial fusion-fission protein expression were assessed in rats. The mitochondrial structure and morphology were studied by electron microscopy, and the expression levels of key proteins involved in the mitochondrial dynamics were assessed by Western blot assay. Cardiac dysfunction and increased myocardial enzyme activity together with myocardial pathological damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis were observed in the LPS-challenged septic rats. However, these observations were reversed by CORM-2, which effectively inhibited cardiac and mitochondrial damage in the LPS-challenged rats and improved the survival rate of the animals. In conclusion, CORM-2 regulates the LPS-induced imbalance of the dynamic mitochondrial fusion and fission processes, thereby effectively ameliorating the LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction and improving the survival of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China; Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiac Functions Examination, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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HO-1/PINK1 Regulated Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission to Inhibit Pyroptosis and Attenuate Septic Acute Kidney Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2148706. [PMID: 33145342 PMCID: PMC7599399 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2148706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Endotoxin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), a disease characterized by marked oxidative stress and inflammation disease, is a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Mitochondrial fission and pyroptosis often occur in AKI. However, the underlying biological pathways involved in endotoxin AKI remain poorly understood, especially those related to mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium disregulation and pyroptosis. Previous studies suggest that heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 confers cytoprotection against AKI during endotoxic shock, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) takes part in mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, in this study, we examine the roles of HO-1/PINK1 in maintaining the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion/fission to inhibit pyroptosis and mitigate acute kidney injury in rats exposed to endotoxin. Methods An endotoxin-associated AKI model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used in our study. Wild-type (WT) rats and PINK1 knockout (PINK1KO) rats, respectively, were divided into four groups: the control, LPS, Znpp+LPS, and Hemin+LPS groups. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after intraperitoneal injecting LPS to assess renal function, oxidative stress, and inflammation by plasma. Mitochondrial dynamics, morphology, and pyroptosis were evaluated by histological examinations. Results In the rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia, the expression of HO-1 and PINK1 were upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels. These rats also exhibited inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission, pyroptosis, and decreased renal function. After upregulating HO-1 in normal rats, pyroptosis was inhibited; mitochondrial fission and inflammatory response to oxidative stress were decreased; and the renal function was improved. The effects were reversed by adding Znpp (a type of HO-1 inhibitor). Finally, after PINK1 knockout, there is no statistical difference in the LPS-treated group and Hemin or Znpp pretreated group. Conclusions HO-1 inhibits inflammation response and oxidative stress and regulates mitochondria fusion/fission to inhibit pyroptosis, which can alleviate endotoxin-induced AKI by PINK1.
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Yu W, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu R, Liu J, Wang Z, Peng J, Wu H, Zhang X, Long Z, Kong D, Li W, Hai C. Stat2-Drp1 mediated mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101761. [PMID: 33080440 PMCID: PMC7575803 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage recruitment and pro-inflammatory differentiation are hallmarks of various diseases, including infection and sepsis. Although studies suggest that mitochondria may regulate macrophage immune responses, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial mass affects macrophage pro-inflammatory differentiation. Here, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages possess higher mitochondrial mass than resting cells. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the functional role and molecular mechanisms of increased mitochondrial mass in pro-inflammatory differentiated macrophages. Results show that an increase in the mitochondrial mass of macrophages positively correlates with inflammatory cytokine generation in response to LPS. RNA-seq analysis revealed that LPS promotes signal transducers and activators of transcription 2 (Stat2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression, which are enriched in positive mitochondrial fission regulation. Meanwhile, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Drp1 blunts LPS-induced mitochondrial mass increase and pro-inflammatory differentiation. Moreover, Stat2 boosts Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 616, required for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. LPS also causes Stat2-and Drp1-dependent biogenesis, which contributes to the generation of additional mitochondria. However, these mitochondria are profoundly remodeled, displaying fragmented morphology, loose cristae, reduced Δψm, and metabolic programming. Furthermore, these remodeled mitochondria shift their function from ATP synthesis to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which drives NFκB-dependent inflammatory cytokine transcription. Interestingly, an increase in mitochondrial mass with constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of Drp1 (Drp1S616E) boosted pro-inflammatory response in macrophages without LPS stimulation. In vivo, we also demonstrated that Mdivi-1 administration inhibits LPS-induced macrophage pro-inflammatory differentiation. Importantly, we observed Stat2 phosphorylation and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial mass increase in macrophages isolated from LPS-challenged mice. In conclusion, we comprehensively demonstrate that a Stat2-Drp1 dependent mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Therefore, targeting the Stat2-Drp1 axis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for treating infection and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Student Brigade of Basic Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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Zhang W, Li X, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu H. Regulation of TFEB activity and its potential as a therapeutic target against kidney diseases. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:32. [PMID: 32377395 PMCID: PMC7195473 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates the expression of target genes bearing the Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation (CLEAR) motif, thereby modulating autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, TFEB can bind to the promoter of autophagy-associated genes and induce the formation of autophagosomes, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal cargo degradation. An increasing number of studies have shown that TFEB stimulates the intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors by enhancing autophagy and lysosomal function in multiple kidney diseases, such as cystinosis, acute kidney injury, and diabetic nephropathy. Taken together, this highlights the importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies against kidney diseases based on TFEB regulation. In this review, we present an overview of the current data on TFEB and its implication in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Yanse Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001 Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
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Deng S, Zhang L, Mo Y, Huang Y, Li W, Peng Q, Huang L, Ai Y. Mdivi-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting MAPKs, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 62:101918. [PMID: 32251714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is among the most devastating events in intensive care units. As a complication of sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI) is common and highly associated with poor outcome. The present study demonstrated that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics play a pivotal role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Inhibiting the mitochondrial fission with the specific inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) ameliorated ALI as assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and wet/dry ratio. Furthermore, Mdivi-1 reduced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the lungs. Plasma pro-inflammation cytokines were also reduced significantly in Mdivi-1-treated mice. In vitro study revealed that Mdivi-1 protected the macrophages from LPS-induced MAPKs activation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Mdivi-1 also inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Morphological analysis showed that Mdivi-1 rescued the macrophages from LPS-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Moreover, LPS treatment induced significant phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616, dephosphorylation at Ser637 and translocation of Drp1 from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, while Mdivi-1 inhibited those effects. Thus, modification of fission to rebuild mitochondrial homeostasis may offer an innovative opportunity for developing therapeutic strategies against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yunan Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
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McKay DM, Mancini NL, Shearer J, Shutt T. Perturbed mitochondrial dynamics, an emerging aspect of epithelial-microbe interactions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G748-G762. [PMID: 32116020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00031.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria exist in a complex network that is constantly remodeling via the processes of fission and fusion in response to intracellular conditions and extracellular stimuli. Excessive fragmentation of the mitochondrial network because of an imbalance between fission and fusion reduces the cells' capacity to generate ATP and can be a forerunner to cell death. Given the critical roles mitochondria play in cellular homeostasis and innate immunity, it is not surprising that many microbial pathogens can disrupt mitochondrial activity. Here we note the putative contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to gut disease and review data showing that infection with microbial pathogens can alter the balance between mitochondrial fragmentation and fusion, preventing normal remodeling (i.e., dynamics) and can lead to cell death. Current data indicate that infection of epithelia or macrophages with microbial pathogens will ultimately result in excessive fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. Concerted research efforts are required to elucidate fully the processes that regulate mitochondrial dynamics, the mechanisms by which microbes affect epithelial mitochondrial fission and/or fusion, and the implications of this for susceptibility to infectious disease. We speculate that the commensal microbiome of the gut may be important for normal epithelial mitochondrial form and function. Drugs designed to counteract the effect of microbial pathogen interference with mitochondrial dynamics may be a new approach to infectious disease at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group (GIRG) and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole L Mancini
- Gastrointestinal Research Group (GIRG) and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Shutt
- Department of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Neuronal Mitochondria Modulation of LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1756-1765. [PMID: 31937559 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2324-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondria dysfunction and neuroinflammation are two prominent pathological features increasingly realized as important pathogenic mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases. However, little attempt has been taken to investigate the likely interactions between them. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein regulating mitochondrial fusion, a dynamic process essential for mitochondrial function. To explore the significance of neuronal mitochondria in the regulation of neuroinflammation, male and female transgenic mice with forced overexpression of Mfn2 specifically in neurons were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a widely used approach to model neurodegeneration-associated neuroinflammation. Remarkably, LPS-induced lethality was almost completely abrogated in neuronal Mfn2 overexpression mice. Compared with nontransgenic wild-type mice, mice with neuronal Mfn2 overexpression also exhibited alleviated bodyweight loss, behavioral sickness, and myocardial dysfunction. LPS-induced release of IL-1β but not TNF-α was further found greatly inhibited in the CNS of mice with neuronal Mfn2 overexpression, whereas peripheral inflammatory responses in the blood, heart, lung, and spleen remained unchanged. At the cellular and molecular levels, neuronal Mfn2 suppressed the activation of microglia, prevented LPS-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons, and importantly, upregulated the expression of CX3CL1, a unique chemokine constitutively produced by neurons to suppress microglial activation. Together, these results reveal an unrecognized possible role of neuronal mitochondria in the regulation of microglial activation, and propose neuronal Mfn2 as a likely mechanistic linker between neuronal mitochondria dysfunction and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study suggests that Mfn2 in neurons contributes to the regulation of neuroinflammation. Based on the remarkable suppression of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic abnormalities by neuronal Mfn2, this study centered on Mfn2-mediated neuroinflammation reveals novel molecular mechanisms that are involved in both mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. The pharmacological targeting of Mfn2 may present a novel treatment for neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Kumar V. Sepsis roadmap: What we know, what we learned, and where we are going. Clin Immunol 2019; 210:108264. [PMID: 31655168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition originating as a result of systemic blood infection causing, one or more organ damage due to the dysregulation of the immune response. In 2017, the world health organization (WHO) declared sepsis as a disease of global health priority, needing special attention due to its high prevalence and mortality around the world. Most of the therapeutics targeting sepsis have failed in the clinics. The present review highlights the history of the sepsis, its immunopathogenesis, and lessons learned after the failure of previously used immune-based therapies. The subsequent section, where to go describes in details the importance of the complement system (CS), autophagy, inflammasomes, and microbiota along with their targeting to manage sepsis. These systems are interconnected to each other, thus targeting one may affect the other. We are in an urgent need for a multi-targeting therapeutic approach for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects the Liver from Septic Injury by Modulating TLR4-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control in Mice. Shock 2019; 50:209-218. [PMID: 29028772 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Mitochondrial quality control (QC) is characterized by self-recovering mitochondrial damage through mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fission/fusion. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts as a signaling molecule to modulate inflammation. The present study elucidated the cytoprotective mechanisms of HO-1 in sepsis, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor (TLR)4-mediated mitochondrial QC. Mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice were injected intraperitoneally with hemin (10 mg/kg) at 12 h before CLP or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 30 mg/kg) at 2 h before CLP. The serum and tissues were collected 6 h after CLP. Mortality, MODS, and proinflammatory cytokines increased in septic mice. These increases were augmented by ZnPP but attenuated by hemin. Hemin decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hemin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Hemin also enhanced mitophagy, as indicated by decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) level and increased Parkin level. Hemin decreased fission-related protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and increased fusion-related protein, mitofusin 2. Hemin attenuated the increased TLR4 expression. TAK-242, a TLR4 antagonist, attenuated mortality, inflammatory response, and impaired mitochondrial QC. Our findings suggest that HO-1 attenuates septic injury by modulating TLR4-mediated mitochondrial QC.
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Tan Y, Chen S, Zhong J, Ren J, Dong M. Mitochondrial Injury and Targeted Intervention in Septic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2060-2070. [PMID: 31284854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sepsis and septic shock are known to prompt multiple organ failure including cardiac
contractile dysfunction, which is typically referred to as septic cardiomyopathy. Among various theories postulated
for the etiology of septic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial injury (both morphology and function) in the heart
is perceived as the main culprit for reduced myocardial performance and ultimately heart failure in the face of
sepsis.
Methods:
Over the past decades, ample of experimental and clinical work have appeared, focusing on myocardial
mitochondrial changes and related interventions in septic cardiomyopathy.
Results and Conclusion:
Here we will briefly summarize the recent experimental and clinical progress on myocardial
mitochondrial morphology and function in sepsis, and discuss possible underlying mechanisms, as well as
the contemporary interventional options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Ye X, Shen Y, Ni C, Ye J, Xin Y, Zhang W, Ren Y. Irisin reverses insulin resistance in C2C12 cells via the p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway. Peptides 2019; 119:170120. [PMID: 31351089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental pathogenic factor shared by a myriad of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IR is usually accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Irisin has been proposed to act as a hormone in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, the effects of irisin on IR and mitochondrial function have not yet been fully investigated. Here, our research shows that irisin increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblast cells via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-PGC-1α pathway. Irisin can also enhance mitochondrial function and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, irisin stimulates autophagy via PGC-1α. Collectively, these data provide basic evidence to support the therapeutic potential of irisin for IR, which may rely on p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway activation and enhance mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - YiMin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yubo Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - YueZhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Lautz AJ, Zingarelli B. Age-Dependent Myocardial Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143523. [PMID: 31323783 PMCID: PMC6679204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is common in septic shock and post-cardiac arrest but manifests differently in pediatric and adult patients. By conventional echocardiographic parameters, biventricular systolic dysfunction is more prevalent in children with septic shock, though strain imaging reveals that myocardial injury may be more common in adults than previously thought. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction in general and post-arrest myocardial systolic dysfunction appear to be more widespread in the adult population. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction mediates myocardial depression in critical illness; alterations in mitochondrial electron transport system function, bioenergetic production, oxidative and nitrosative stress, uncoupling, mitochondrial permeability transition, fusion, fission, biogenesis, and autophagy all may play key pathophysiologic roles. In this review we summarize the epidemiologic and clinical phenotypes of myocardial dysfunction in septic shock and post-cardiac arrest and the multifaceted manifestations of mitochondrial injury in these disease processes. Since neonatal and pediatric-specific data for mitochondrial dysfunction remain sparse, conclusive age-dependent differences are not clear; instead, we highlight what evidence exists and identify gaps in knowledge to guide future research. Finally, since focal ischemic injury (with or without reperfusion) leading to myocardial infarction is predominantly an atherosclerotic disease of the elderly, this review focuses specifically on septic shock and global ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lautz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Reitsema VA, Star BS, de Jager VD, van Meurs M, Henning RH, Bouma HR. Metabolic Resuscitation Strategies to Prevent Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:134-152. [PMID: 30403161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is the main cause of death among patients admitted to the intensive care unit. As current treatment is limited to antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, mortality remains high, which warrants efforts to find novel therapies. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a key process in the induction of organ dysfunction during sepsis, and metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis. Critical Issues: Here, we review novel strategies to maintain organ function in sepsis by precluding mitochondrial dysfunction by lowering energetic demand to allow preservation of adenosine triphosphate-levels, while reducing free radical generation. As the most common strategy to suppress metabolism, that is, cooling, does not reveal unequivocal beneficial effects and may even increase mortality, caloric restriction or modulation of energy-sensing pathways (i.e., sirtuins and AMP-activated protein kinase) may offer safe alternatives. Similar effects may be offered when mimicking hibernation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In addition H2S may also confer beneficial effects through upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms, similar to the other gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, which display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis. In addition, oxidative stress may be averted by systemic or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, of which a wide range are able to lower inflammation, as well as reduce organ dysfunction and mortality from sepsis. Future Directions: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. As a consequence, metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Reitsema
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan S Star
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent D de Jager
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- 2 Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Significance: In addition to their classical role in cellular ATP production, mitochondria are of key relevance in various (patho)physiological mechanisms including second messenger signaling, neuro-transduction, immune responses and death induction. Recent Advances: Within cells, mitochondria are motile and display temporal changes in internal and external structure ("mitochondrial dynamics"). During the last decade, substantial empirical and in silico evidence was presented demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics impacts on mitochondrial function and vice versa. Critical Issues: However, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the bidirectional links between mitochondrial external shape, internal structure and function ("morphofunction") is still lacking. The latter particularly hampers our understanding of the functional properties and behavior of individual mitochondrial within single living cells. Future Directions: In this review we discuss the concept of mitochondrial morphofunction in mammalian cells, primarily using experimental evidence obtained within the last decade. The topic is introduced by briefly presenting the central role of mitochondria in cell physiology and the importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) therein. Next, we summarize in detail how mitochondrial (ultra)structure is controlled and discuss empirical evidence regarding the equivalence of mitochondrial (ultra)structure and function. Finally, we provide a brief summary of how mitochondrial morphofunction can be quantified at the level of single cells and mitochondria, how mitochondrial ultrastructure/volume impacts on mitochondrial bioreactions and intramitochondrial protein diffusion, and how mitochondrial morphofunction can be targeted by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P. Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H.G.M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J.H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Werner J.H. Koopman, Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen NL-6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide SS31 Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission in Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2346580. [PMID: 31281569 PMCID: PMC6589270 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2346580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Renal tubular injury is an early characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we explore the effects and mechanisms of mitochondria-targeted peptide SS31 on renal tubulointerstitial injury in DN. Method 40 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, STZ group, STZ+SS31 group, and STZ+normal saline group. SS31 was intraperitoneally injected to the mice every other day for 24 weeks. Renal lesions and the expression of Drp1, Mfn1, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN were detected. In in vitro studies, HK-2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of D-glucose (5, 30 mM) or combined with SS31 and Drp1 inhibitor Midivi1. Mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential, and morphology have been detected to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Results Compared with diabetic mice, the levels of serum creatinine and microalbuminuria were significantly decreased in the SS31 group. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were observed in diabetic mice, while the pathological changes were reduced in the SS31-treatment group. SS31 could decrease the expression of Drp1, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN in the renal tissue of diabetic mice, while increasing the expression of Mfn1. Additionally, mitochondria exhibit focal enlargement and crista swelling in renal tubular cells of diabetic mice, while SS31 treatment could partially block these changes. An in vitro study showed that pretreatment with SS31 or Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi1 could restore the level of mitochondrial ROS, the membrane potential levels, and the expressions of Drp1, Bax, Caspase1, IL-1β, and FN in HK-2 cells under high-glucose conditions. Conclusion SS31 protected renal tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic mice through a decrease in mitochondrial fragmentation via suppressing the expression of Drp1 and increasing the expression of Mfn1.
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Mdivi-1 Protects CD4 + T Cells against Apoptosis via Balancing Mitochondrial Fusion-Fission and Preventing the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7329131. [PMID: 31263382 PMCID: PMC6541989 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7329131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of CD4+ T cells plays a central role in the progression of sepsis because it is associated with subsequent immunosuppression and the lack of specific treatment. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies to attenuate the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sepsis is critical. Several studies have demonstrated that Mdivi-1, which is a selective inhibitor of the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), attenuates apoptosis of myocardial cells and neurons during various pathologic states. The present study revealed the impact of Mdivi-1 on the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sepsis and the potential underlying mechanisms. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery as sepsis models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Our results showed that Mdivi-1 attenuated the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. The potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of Mdivi-1 involved Mdivi-1 reestablishing mitochondrial fusion-fission balance in sepsis, as reflected by the expression of the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) , Drp1 translocation, and mitochondrial morphology, as observed by electron microscopy. Moreover, Mdivi-1 treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and prevented the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and associated apoptosis. After using tunicamycin to activate ER stress, the protective effect of Mdivi-1 on CD4+ T cells was reversed. Our results suggested that Mdivi-1 ameliorated apoptosis in CD4+ T cells by reestablishing mitochondrial fusion-fission balance and preventing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental sepsis.
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Sun J, Zhang J, Tian J, Virzì GM, Digvijay K, Cueto L, Yin Y, Rosner MH, Ronco C. Mitochondria in Sepsis-Induced AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1151-1161. [PMID: 31076465 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI is a common clinical condition associated with the risk of developing CKD and ESKD. Sepsis is the leading cause of AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) and accounts for nearly half of all AKI events. Patients with AKI who require dialysis have an unacceptably high mortality rate of 60%-80%. During sepsis, endothelial activation, increased microvascular permeability, changes in regional blood flow distribution with resulting areas of hypoperfusion, and hypoxemia can lead to AKI. No effective drugs to prevent or treat human sepsis-induced AKI are currently available. Recent research has identified dysfunction in energy metabolism as a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of AKI. Mitochondria, the center of energy metabolism, are increasingly recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced AKI and mitochondria could serve as a potential therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the potential role of mitochondria in sepsis-induced AKI and identify future therapeutic approaches that target mitochondrial function in an effort to treat sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Jiakun Tian
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Kumar Digvijay
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cueto
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, Toledo, Spain; and
| | - Yongjie Yin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
| | - Mitchell H Rosner
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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