1
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Petersen E, Barrios AC, Bjorkland R, Goodwin DG, Li J, Waissi G, Henry T. Evaluation of bioaccumulation of nanoplastics, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene family materials. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107650. [PMID: 36848829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation is a key factor in understanding the potential ecotoxicity of substances. While there are well-developed models and methods to evaluate bioaccumulation of dissolved organic and inorganic substances, it is substantially more challenging to assess bioaccumulation of particulate contaminants such as engineered carbon nanomaterials (CNMs; carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), and fullerenes) and nanoplastics. In this study, the methods used to evaluate bioaccumulation of different CNMs and nanoplastics are critically reviewed. In plant studies, uptake of CNMs and nanoplastics into the roots and stems was observed. For multicellular organisms other than plants, absorbance across epithelial surfaces was typically limited. Biomagnification was not observed for CNTs and GFNs but were observed for nanoplastics in some studies. However, the reported absorption in many nanoplastic studies may be a consequence of an experimental artifact, namely release of the fluorescent probe from the plastic particles and subsequent uptake. We identify that additional work is needed to develop analytical methods to provide robust, orthogonal methods that can measure unlabeled (e.g., without isotopic or fluorescent labels) CNMs and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States.
| | - Ana C Barrios
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | | | - David G Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Jennifer Li
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Greta Waissi
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, POB 1627 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theodore Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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2
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Pikula K, Johari SA, Golokhvast K. Colloidal Behavior and Biodegradation of Engineered Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4149. [PMID: 36500771 PMCID: PMC9737966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a growing interest over the last decades. They have become a material commonly used in industry, consumer products, water purification, and medicine. Despite this, the safety and toxic properties of different types of CNMs are still debatable. Multiple studies in recent years highlight the toxicity of CNMs in relation to aquatic organisms, including bacteria, microalgae, bivalves, sea urchins, and other species. However, the aspects that have significant influence on the toxic properties of CNMs in the aquatic environment are often not considered in research works and require further study. In this work, we summarized the current knowledge of colloidal behavior, transformation, and biodegradation of different types of CNMs, including graphene and graphene-related materials, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon quantum dots. The other part of this work represents an overview of the known mechanisms of CNMs' biodegradation and discusses current research works relating to the biodegradation of CNMs in aquatic species. The knowledge about the biodegradation of nanomaterials will facilitate the development of the principals of "biodegradable-by-design" nanoparticles which have promising application in medicine as nano-carriers and represent lower toxicity and risks for living species and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St., Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
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3
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Jiang C, Liu S, Zhang T, Liu Q, Alvarez PJJ, Chen W. Current Methods and Prospects for Analysis and Characterization of Nanomaterials in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7426-7447. [PMID: 35584364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and characterization of naturally occurring and engineered nanomaterials in the environment are critical for understanding their environmental behaviors and defining real exposure scenarios for environmental risk assessment. However, this is challenging primarily due to the low concentration, structural heterogeneity, and dynamic transformation of nanomaterials in complex environmental matrices. In this critical review, we first summarize sample pretreatment methods developed for separation and preconcentration of nanomaterials from environmental samples, including natural waters, wastewater, soils, sediments, and biological media. Then, we review the state-of-the-art microscopic, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, electrochemical, and size-fractionation methods for determination of mass and number abundance, as well as the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of nanomaterials, with discussion on their advantages and limitations. Despite recent advances in detecting and characterizing nanomaterials in the environment, challenges remain to improve the analytical sensitivity and resolution and to expand the method applications. It is important to develop methods for simultaneous determination of multifaceted nanomaterial properties for in situ analysis and characterization of nanomaterials under dynamic environmental conditions and for detection of nanoscale contaminants of emerging concern (e.g., nanoplastics and biological nanoparticles), which will greatly facilitate the standardization of nanomaterial analysis and characterization methods for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjia Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Zheng Y, Nowack B. Meta-analysis of Bioaccumulation Data for Nondissolvable Engineered Nanomaterials in Freshwater Aquatic Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1202-1214. [PMID: 35188281 PMCID: PMC9314877 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is essential for making regulatory decisions on potential environmental risks. Research in the field of ENM bioaccumulation has increased in recent years, but the compilation and statistical analysis of the available experimental data have not been updated. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the bioaccumulation of eight types of nondissolvable ENMs (titanium dioxide [TiO2 ], aluminum oxide [Al2 O3 ], gold [Au], fullerene [C60 ], carbon nanotubes, iron oxide [FeOx ], graphene, and polystyrene) in nonmammalian freshwater aquatic organisms across three trophic levels including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. Three typical endpoints were used to assess the bioaccumulation potential: the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and the biomagnification factor (BMF). Our results suggest that zooplankton has greater mean logarithmic BCF and BAF values than phytoplankton (3.31 vs. 1.42) and fish (2.04). The ENMs are biomagnified in zooplankton, with a mean BMF of 17.4, whereas trophic transfer from primary consumers (zooplankton) to secondary consumers (fish) was not observed (mean BMF of 0.13). No clear dependency was identified between the physicochemical characteristics of ENMs (e.g., primary particle size, zeta potential, or shape) and bioaccumulation, except for coated versus uncoated particles accumulated in phytoplankton. Carbonaceous ENMs were found to be more bioaccumulated than the other ENMs we considered, except for TiO2 . A meta-analysis of bioaccumulation data can (1) deepen the understanding of bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of ENMs, (2) be used to support grouping strategies as a basis for a safer-by-design approach for ENMs, (3) be integrated into comprehensive hazard and risk assessments, (4) promote the standardization of testing guidelines, and (5) enhance future kinetic bioaccumulation modeling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1202-1214. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Zheng
- Technology and Society LabSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyGallenSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Technology and Society LabSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyGallenSwitzerland
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5
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Petersen EJ, Ceger P, Allen DG, Coyle J, Derk R, Reyero NG, Gordon J, Kleinstreuer N, Matheson J, McShan D, Nelson BC, Patri AK, Rice P, Rojanasakul L, Sasidharan A, Scarano L, Chang X. U.S. Federal Agency interests and key considerations for new approach methodologies for nanomaterials. ALTEX 2021; 39:183–206. [PMID: 34874455 PMCID: PMC9115850 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) come in a wide array of shapes, sizes, surface coatings, and compositions, and often possess novel or enhanced properties compared to larger sized particles of the same elemental composition. To ensure the safe commercialization of products containing ENMs, it is important to thoroughly understand their potential risks. Given that ENMs can be created in an almost infinite number of variations, it is not feasible to conduct in vivo testing on each type of ENM. Instead, new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as in vitro or in chemico test methods may be needed, given their capacity for higher throughput testing, lower cost, and ability to provide information on toxicological mechanisms. However, the different behaviors of ENMs compared to dissolved chemicals may challenge safety testing of ENMs using NAMs. In this study, member agencies within the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods were queried about what types of ENMs are of agency interest and whether there is agency-specific guidance for ENM toxicity testing. To support the ability of NAMs to provide robust results in ENM testing, two key issues in the usage of NAMs, namely dosimetry and interference/bias controls, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Integrated Laboratory Systems LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David G. Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jayme Coyle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Current affiliation: UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - John Gordon
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle McShan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anil K. Patri
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Penelope Rice
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liying Rojanasakul
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Abhilash Sasidharan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louis Scarano
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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6
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Johnson ME, Bennett J, Montoro Bustos AR, Hanna SK, Kolmakov A, Sharp N, Petersen EJ, Lapasset PE, Sims CM, Murphy KE, Nelson BC. Combining secondary ion mass spectrometry image depth profiling and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the uptake and biodistribution of gold nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338671. [PMID: 34330435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques capable of determining the spatial distribution and quantity (mass and/or particle number) of engineered nanomaterials in organisms are essential for characterizing nano-bio interactions and for nanomaterial risk assessments. Here, we combine the use of dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (dynamic SIMS) and single particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) techniques to determine the biodistribution and quantity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ingested by Caenorhabditis elegans. We report the application of SIMS in image depth profiling mode for visualizing, identifying, and characterizing the biodistribution of AuNPs ingested by nematodes in both the lateral and z (depth) dimensions. In parallel, conventional- and sp-ICP-MS quantified the mean number of AuNPs within the nematode, ranging from 2 to 36 NPs depending on the size of AuNP. The complementary data from both SIMS image depth profiling and spICP-MS provides a complete view of the uptake, translocation, and size distribution of ingested NPs within Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States.
| | - Joe Bennett
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Nicholas Sharp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Patricia E Lapasset
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
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7
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Politowski I, Wittmers F, Hennig MP, Siebers N, Goffart B, Roß-Nickoll M, Ottermanns R, Schäffer A. A trophic transfer study: accumulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes associated to green algae in water flea Daphnia magna. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100303. [PMID: 35559960 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are promising nanomaterials in modern nanotechnology and their use in many different applications leads to an inevitable release into the aquatic environment. In this study, we quantified trophic transfer of weathered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (wMWCNT) from green algae to primary consumer Daphnia magna in a concentration of 100 μg L-1 using radioactive labeling of the carbon backbone (14C-wMWCNT). Trophic transfer of wMWCNT was compared to the uptake by daphnids exposed to nanomaterials in the water phase without algae. Due to the rather long observed CNT sedimentation times (DT) from the water phase (DT50: 3.9 days (d), DT90: 12.8 d) wMWCNT interact with aquatic organisms and associated to the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Raphidocelis subcapitata. After the exposition of algae, the nanotubes accumulated to a maximum of 1.6 ± 0.4 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dry weight-1 (dw-1) and 0.7 ± 0.3 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. To study trophic transfer, R. subcapitata was loaded with 14C-wMWCNT and subsequently fed to D. magna. A maximum body burden of 0.07 ± 0.01 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 and 7.1 ± 1.5 μg 14C-wMWCNT mg-1 dw-1 for D. magna after trophic transfer and waterborne exposure was measured, respectively, indicating no CNT accumulation after short-term exposure via trophic transfer. Additionally, the animals eliminated nanomaterials from their guts, while feeding algae facilitated their excretion. Further, accumulation of 14C-wMWCNT in a growing population of D. magna revealed a maximum uptake of 0.7 ± 0.2 μg mg-1 dw-1. Therefore, the calculated bioaccumulation factor (BAF) after 28 d of 6700 ± 2900 L kg-1 is above the limit that indicates a chemical is bioaccumulative in the European Union Regulation REACH. Although wMWCNT did not bioaccumulate in neonate D. magna after trophic transfer, wMWCNT enriched in a 28 d growing D. magna population regardless of daily feeding, which increases the risk of CNT accumulation along the aquatic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Politowski
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Wittmers
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Hennig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Birgitta Goffart
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Sung LP, Chung YF, Goodwin DG, Petersen EJ, Hsueh HC, Stutzman P, Nguyen T, Thomas T. Selection of an Optimal Abrasion Wheel Type for Nano-Coating Wear Studies under Wet or Dry Abrasion Conditions. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081445. [PMID: 32722058 PMCID: PMC7466352 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocoatings have numerous potential applications in the indoor environment, such as flooring finishes with increased scratch- and wear-resistance. However, given concerns about the potential environmental and human health effects of nanomaterials, it is necessary to develop standardized methods to quantify nanomaterial release during use of these products. One key choice for mechanical wear studies is the abrasion wheel. Potential limitations of different wheels include the release of fragments from the wheel during abrasion, wearing of the wheel from the abrasion process, or not releasing a sufficient number of particles for accurate quantitative analysis. In this study, we evaluated five different wheels, including a typically used silicon oxide-based commercial wheel and four wheels fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), for their application in nanocoating abrasion studies. A rapid, nondestructive laser scanning confocal microscopy method was developed and used to identify released particles on the abraded surfaces. NIST fabricated a high performing wheel: a noncorrosive, stainless-steel abrasion wheel containing a deep cross-patch. This wheel worked well under both wet and dry conditions, did not corrode in aqueous media, did not release particles from itself, and yielded higher numbers of released particles. These results can be used to help develop a standardized protocol for surface release of particles from nanoenabled products using a commercial rotary Taber abraser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Piin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.-P.S.); (E.J.P.); Tel.: +1-3019756737 (L.-P.S.); +1-3019758142 (E.J.P.)
| | - Yu-Fan Chung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Correspondence: (L.-P.S.); (E.J.P.); Tel.: +1-3019756737 (L.-P.S.); +1-3019758142 (E.J.P.)
| | - Hsiang-Chun Hsueh
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Paul Stutzman
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (Y.-F.C.); (D.G.G.J.); (H.-C.H.); (P.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Treye Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
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9
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Barranger A, Rance GA, Aminot Y, Dallas LJ, Sforzini S, Weston NJ, Lodge RW, Banni M, Arlt VM, Moore MN, Readman JW, Viarengo A, Khlobystov AN, Jha AN. An integrated approach to determine interactive genotoxic and global gene expression effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on marine mussels: evidence of reverse ‘Trojan Horse’ effects. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1324-1343. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1654003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Graham A. Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yann Aminot
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lorna J. Dallas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola J. Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rhys W. Lodge
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA chottMariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King’s College London in Partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael N. Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - James W. Readman
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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10
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Petersen EJ, Mortimer M, Burgess RM, Handy R, Hanna S, Ho KT, Johnson M, Loureiro S, Selck H, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Spurgeon D, Unrine J, van den Brink N, Wang Y, White J, Holden P. Strategies for robust and accurate experimental approaches to quantify nanomaterial bioaccumulation across a broad range of organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:10.1039/C8EN01378K. [PMID: 31579514 PMCID: PMC6774209 DOI: 10.1039/c8en01378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the key components for environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is data on bioaccumulation potential. Accurately measuring bioaccumulation can be critical for regulatory decision making regarding material hazard and risk, and for understanding the mechanism of toxicity. This perspective provides expert guidance for performing ENM bioaccumulation measurements across a broad range of test organisms and species. To accomplish this aim, we critically evaluated ENM bioaccumulation within three categories of organisms: single-celled species, multicellular species excluding plants, and multicellular plants. For aqueous exposures of suspended single-celled and small multicellular species, it is critical to perform a robust procedure to separate suspended ENMs and small organisms to avoid overestimating bioaccumulation. For many multicellular organisms, it is essential to differentiate between the ENMs adsorbed to external surfaces or in the digestive tract and the amount absorbed across epithelial tissues. For multicellular plants, key considerations include how exposure route and the role of the rhizosphere may affect the quantitative measurement of uptake, and that the efficiency of washing procedures to remove loosely attached ENMs to the roots is not well understood. Within each organism category, case studies are provided to illustrate key methodological considerations for conducting robust bioaccumulation experiments for different species within each major group. The full scope of ENM bioaccumulation measurements and interpretations are discussed including conducting the organism exposure, separating organisms from the ENMs in the test media after exposure, analytical methods to quantify ENMs in the tissues or cells, and modeling the ENM bioaccumulation results. One key finding to improve bioaccumulation measurements was the critical need for further analytical method development to identify and quantify ENMs in complex matrices. Overall, the discussion, suggestions, and case studies described herein will help improve the robustness of ENM bioaccumulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Richard Handy
- Plymouth University, School of Biological Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Monique Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Henriette Selck
- Roskilde University, Dept. of Science and Environment, Denmark
| | | | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Nico van den Brink
- Department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jason White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Patricia Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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11
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Zhu B, Zhu S, Li J, Hui X, Wang GX. The developmental toxicity, bioaccumulation and distribution of oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes in Artemia salina. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:897-906. [PMID: 30310666 PMCID: PMC6116804 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing production and applications of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), concerns about the likelihood of SWCNTs being present in the aquatic environment and the subsequent effects on aquatic organisms are emerging. This work aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity, bioaccumulation and distribution of oxidized SWCNTs (O-SWCNTs) in a marine model organism, Artemia salina (A. salina). The results indicated that the hatching rates of capsulated and decapsulated cysts were decreased as the O-SWCNT concentration increased from 0 to 600 mg L-1 at 12, 18, 24 and 36 h. For instar I, II and III larvae exposure to 600 mg L-1, the mean mortality rates were 36.1%, 57.9% and 45.2%, respectively. Both the body length and swimming speed showed a concentration-dependent decrease after exposure to O-SWCNTs for 24 h. The inhibition of swimming may be caused by (1) the malformation of gills; (2) the attachment of O-SWCNTs on the gills. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities substantially increased following exposure, indicating that the toxic effects were related to oxidative stress. O-SWCNTs can be ingested, accumulated and excreted by A. salina, and distributed in the intestine, lipid vesicles and phagocytes. However, the accumulated O-SWCNTs were not completely excreted by A. salina. Uptake kinetics data showed that the O-SWCNT content increased from 1 to 48 h followed by a decrease from 48 to 72 h in the range from 0.08 to 5.7 mg g-1. The combined results so far indicate that O-SWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Xin Hui
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
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12
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Reipa V, Hanna SK, Urbas A, Sander L, Elliott J, Conny J, Petersen EJ. Efficient electrochemical degradation of multiwall carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:275-282. [PMID: 29778037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the production mass of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) increases, the potential for human and environmental exposure to MWCNTs may also increase. We have shown that exposing an aqueous suspension of pristine MWCNTs to an intense oxidative treatment in an electrochemical reactor, equipped with an efficient hydroxyl radical generating Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) anode, leads to their almost complete mineralization. Thermal optical transmittance analysis showed a total carbon mass loss of over two orders of magnitude due to the electrochemical treatment, a result consistent with measurements of the degraded MWCNT suspensions using UV-vis absorbance. Liquid chromatography data excludes substantial accumulation of the low molecular weight reaction products. Therefore, up to 99% of the initially suspended MWCNT mass is completely mineralized into gaseous products such as CO2 and volatile organic carbon. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show sporadic opaque carbon clusters suggesting the remaining nanotubes are transformed into structure-less carbon during their electrochemical mineralization. Environmental toxicity of pristine and degraded MWCNTs was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes and revealed a major reduction in the MWCNT toxicity after treatment in the electrochemical flow-by reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas Reipa
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Shannon K Hanna
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Aaron Urbas
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lane Sander
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - John Elliott
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Joseph Conny
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Lasat MM, Chung KF, Lead J, McGrath S, Owen RJ, Rocks S, Unrine J, Zhang J. Advancing the Understanding of Environmental Transformations, Bioavailability and Effects of Nanomaterials, an International US Environmental Protection Agency-UK Environmental Nanoscience Initiative Joint Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:385-404. [PMID: 29910967 PMCID: PMC5998674 DOI: 10.4236/jep.2018.94025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch M Lasat
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jamie Lead
- Centre for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.,University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Rocks
- Institute for Resilient Futures, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
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14
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Bacchetta R, Santo N, Valenti I, Maggioni D, Longhi M, Tremolada P. Comparative toxicity of three differently shaped carbon nanomaterials on Daphnia magna: does a shape effect exist? Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:201-223. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1430258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bacchetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Santo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Longhi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Dong S, Xia T, Yang Y, Lin S, Mao L. Bioaccumulation of 14C-Labeled Graphene in an Aquatic Food Chain through Direct Uptake or Trophic Transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:541-549. [PMID: 29265813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing applications of graphene materials warrant a careful evaluation of their environmental fate in aquatic food webs. Escherichia coli (Bacteria), Tetrahymena thermophila (protozoa), Daphnia magna (zooplankton), and Danio rerio (vertebrate) were used to build aquatic food chains to investigate the waterborne uptake and trophic transfer of 14C-labeled graphene. Body burden factor (BBF) and trophic transfer factor (TTF) were analyzed for each organism and food chain to assess the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of graphene. The test organisms have high potential of accumulating graphene via direct uptake from culture medium with log-transformed BBF (log BBF) values of 3.66, 5.1, 3.9, and 1.62 for each organism, respectively. In the food chain from E. coli to T. thermophila, the calculated TTFs of 0.2 to 8.6 indicate the high trophic transfer potential in this aquatic food chain. However, the TTFs calculated for the food chain from T. thermophila to D. magna and from D. magna to D. rerio are much lower than 1, indicating that biomagnification was unlikely to occur in these food chains. Body burden measured for dietary uptake by T. thermophila, D. magna, and D. rerio are higher than that via waterborne exposure in a similar nominal concentration, respectively, indicating that trophic transfer is a nonnegligible route for the bioaccumulation of graphene in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada , Reno 89557, United States
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Boyle D, Sutton PA, Handy RD, Henry TB. Intravenous injection of unfunctionalized carbon-based nanomaterials confirms the minimal toxicity observed in aqueous and dietary exposures in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:191-199. [PMID: 28941714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous ecotoxicology studies of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have been conducted in fishes; however, different approaches have been used to make CNM dispersions and dose tanks for aqueous exposures, and to prepare food containing CNMs for dietary studies. This diversity of experimental methods has led to conflicting results and difficulties in comparing studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate intravenous injection of unfunctionalized CNMs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as a means of delivering a known internal dose, on tissue biochemistry and histopathological lesions; then, subsequently, to compare the results with our previous work on aqueous and dietary exposures of rainbow trout to CNMs. Rainbow trout were injected in the caudal vein with corn oil dispersions of 200 μg (approximately 1 μg g-1) of either the fullerene C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), or amorphous carbon black. After 96 h, injected fish were euthanized and tissue samples collected for biochemistry and histology. Histological examination of the kidney of fish injected intravenously indicated the presence of black material consistent with the injected carbon treatments. However, there were no additional lesions associated with CNM exposure compared to controls. There were also no significant changes in haematology, or ionoregulatory disturbance in blood plasma among the intravenously injected fish. Significant elevation in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) was detected only in kidney and spleen of fish injected with SWCNTs, but not the other carbon treatments. The elevated TBARS following injection contrasted with CNMs delivered via aqueous or dietary routes in our previous studies, suggesting that the latter exposure routes may not lead to absorption and toxicity in the internal tissues. Comparison of the effects of injected CNMs with aqueous and dietary CNMs exposures indicates that these materials are of minimal environmentally-relevant toxicity in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Boyle
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Paul A Sutton
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Richard D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Theodore B Henry
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK; School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH10 5ES, UK; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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17
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Zhu S, Luo F, Tu X, Chen WC, Zhu B, Wang GX. Developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Artemia salina cysts and larvae: Uptake, accumulation, excretion and toxic responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:679-687. [PMID: 28711566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Artemia salina (A. salina) cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae [instar I (0-24 h), II (24-48 h) and III (48-72 h)] as experimental models, developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was evaluated. Results revealed that hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) following exposure to 600 mg/L for 36 h. Mortality rates were 33.8, 55.7 and 40.7% for instar I, II and III larvae in 600 mg/L. The EC50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 535, 385 and 472 mg/L, respectively. Instar II showed the greatest sensitivity to O-MWCNTs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for O-MWCNTs rather than metal catalyst impurities. Body length was decreased with the concentrations increased from 0 to 600 mg/L. O-MWCNTs attached onto the cysts, gill and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were increased following exposure, indicating that the effects were related to oxidative stress. O-MWCNTs were ingested and distributed in phagocyte, lipid vesicle and intestine. Most of the accumulated O-MWCNTs were excreted by A. salina at 72 h, but some still remained in the organism. Data of uptake kinetics showed that O-MWCNTs contents in A. salina were gradually increased from 1 to 48 h and followed by rapidly decreased from 48 to 72 h with a range from 5.5 to 28.1 mg/g. These results so far indicate that O-MWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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18
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Sayes CM, Lujan H. Characterizing the Nano-Bio Interface Using Microscopic Techniques: Imaging the Cell System is Just as Important as Imaging the Nanoparticle System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:213-231. [PMID: 28910854 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology and its industries has elevated the need to understand the risks associated with handling, using, and disposing of nanomaterials. These risks can be assessed through exposure measurement and hazard identification. One of the common challenges associated with quantifying nanomaterials in products, waste, humans, or the environment is the lack of tools available to measure concentration. The ability of refined tools and techniques to qualitatively detect nanoparticles in complex matrices has been demonstrated. For biological and ecological tests systems, dose can be represented as initial concentration in the applied matrix, concentration administered during the route of exposure, concentration at the target organ, and intake concentration at the cellular level. Each of these concentration measurements requires different sets of tools to perform accurate analyses. Advances in microscopy techniques provide new opportunities for reporting observations occurring at the interaction of a nanoparticle with a biomolecular entity of similar size within a biological test(s) system. This protocol outlines the steps to image nanomaterials within cell-based systems. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
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19
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Cano AM, Maul JD, Saed M, Shah SA, Green MJ, Cañas-Carrell JE. Bioaccumulation, stress, and swimming impairment in Daphnia magna exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2199-2204. [PMID: 28160491 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO) is increasing across many applications because of their unique and versatile properties. These CNMs may enter the aquatic environment through many pathways, creating the potential for organism exposure. The present study addresses the bioaccumulation and toxicity seen in Daphnia magna exposed to CNMs dispersed in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). In study I, D. magna were exposed to varying outer diameters of MWCNTs for 24 h in moderately hard or hard freshwater. Bioaccumulation of MWCNT was found in all treatments, with the highest concentrations (0.53 ± 0.27 μg/g) in D. magna exposed in hard freshwater (p < 0.005). The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined for D. magna exposed to CNMs in moderately hard and hard freshwater. In study II, D. magna were exposed to CNMs for 72 h in moderately hard freshwater to assess swimming velocity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. An overall decrease was seen in D. magna swimming velocity after exposure to CNMs. The generation of ROS was significantly higher (1.54 ± 0.38 dichlorofluorescein mM/mg dry wt) in D. magna exposed to MWCNTs of smaller outer diameters than in controls after 72 h (p < 0.05). These results suggest that further investigation of CNM toxicity and behavior in the aquatic environment is needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2199-2204. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Cano
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan D Maul
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Saed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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20
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Jensen LHS, Skjolding LM, Thit A, Sørensen SN, Købler C, Mølhave K, Baun A. Not all that glitters is gold-Electron microscopy study on uptake of gold nanoparticles in Daphnia magna and related artifacts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1503-1509. [PMID: 27886401 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of engineered nanoparticles has led to extensive research into their potential hazards to the environment and human health. Cellular uptake from the gut is sparsely investigated, and microscopy techniques applied for uptake studies can result in misinterpretations. Various microscopy techniques were used to investigate internalization of 10-nm gold nanoparticles in Daphnia magna gut lumen and gut epithelial cells following 24-h exposure and outline potential artifacts (i.e., high-contrast precipitates from sample preparation related to these techniques). Light sheet microscopy confirmed accumulation of gold nanoparticles in the gut lumen. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis revealed gold nanoparticles attached to the microvilli of gut cells. Interestingly, the peritrophic membrane appeared to act as a semipermeable barrier between the lumen and the gut epithelium, permitting only single particles through. Structures resembling nanoparticles were also observed inside gut cells. Elemental analysis could not verify these to be gold, and they were likely artifacts from the preparation, such as osmium and iron. Importantly, gold nanoparticles were found inside holocrine cells with disrupted membranes. Thus, false-positive observations of nanoparticle internalization may result from either preparation artifacts or mistaking disrupted cells for intact cells. These findings emphasize the importance of cell integrity and combining elemental analysis with the localization of internalized nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1503-1509. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Michael Skjolding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Thit
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sara Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Købler
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Nguyen T, Petersen EJ, Pellegrin B, Gorham JM, Lam T, Zhao M, Sung L. Impact of UV irradiation on multiwall carbon nanotubes in nanocomposites: formation of entangled surface layer and mechanisms of release resistance. CARBON 2017; 116:191-200. [PMID: 28603293 PMCID: PMC5460675 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanofillers used in consumer and structural polymeric products to enhance a variety of properties. Under weathering, the polymer matrix will degrade and the nanofillers may be released from the products potentially impacting ecological or human health. In this study, we investigated the degradation of a 0.72 % (by mass) MWCNT/amine-cured epoxy nanocomposite irradiated with high intensity ultraviolet (UV) light at various doses, the effects of UV exposure on the surface accumulation and potential release of MWCNTs, and possible mechanisms for the release resistance of the MWCNT surface layer formed on nanocomposites by UV irradiation. Irradiated samples were characterized for chemical degradation, mass loss, surface morphological changes, and MWCNT release using a variety of analytical techniques. Under 295 nm to 400 nm UV radiation up to a dose of 4865 MJ/m2, the nanocomposite matrix underwent photodegradation, resulting in formation of a dense, entangled MWCNT network structure on the surface. However, no MWCNT release was detected, even at very high UV doses, suggesting that the MWCNT surface layer formed from UV irradiation of polymer nanocomposites resist release. Four possible release resistance mechanisms of the UV-induced MWCNT surface layer are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Nguyen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Bastien Pellegrin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Justin M Gorham
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Thomas Lam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Minhua Zhao
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Lipiin Sung
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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22
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Jahan S, Yusoff IB, Alias YB, Bakar AFBA. Reviews of the toxicity behavior of five potential engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:211-220. [PMID: 28959641 PMCID: PMC5615119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in a wide variety of commercial applications, resulting in an uncontrolled introduction into the aquatic environment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathways and factors that controlling the transport and toxicity of five extensively used ENMs. These toxicological pathways are of great importance and need to be addressed for sustainable implications of ENMs without environmental liabilities. Here we discuss five potentially utilized ENMs with their possible toxicological risk factors to aquatic plants, vertebrates model and microbes. Moreover, the key effect of ENMs surface transformations by significant reaction with environmental objects such as dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) and the effect of ENMs surface coating and surface charge will also be debated. The transformations of ENMs are subsequently facing a major ecological transition that is expected to create a substantial toxicological effect towards the ecosystem. These transformations largely involve chemical and physical processes, which depend on the properties of both ENMs and the receiving medium. In this review article, the critical issues that controlling the transport and toxicity of ENMs are reviewed by exploiting the latest reports and future directions and targets are keenly discussed to minimize the pessimistic effects of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Jahan
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Bin Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Binti Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Farid Bin Abu Bakar
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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23
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Lu K, Dong S, Petersen EJ, Niu J, Chang X, Wang P, Lin S, Gao S, Mao L. Biological Uptake, Distribution, and Depuration of Radio-Labeled Graphene in Adult Zebrafish: Effects of Graphene Size and Natural Organic Matter. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2872-2885. [PMID: 28240869 PMCID: PMC5552169 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting commercial application potential of graphene materials may inevitably lead to their increasing release into the environment where they may pose ecological risks. This study focused on using carbon-14-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) to determine whether the size of graphene plays a role in its uptake, depuration, and biodistribution in adult zebrafish. After 48 h exposure to larger FLG (L-FLG) at 250 μg/L, the amount of graphene in the organism was close to 48 mg/kg fish dry mass, which was more than 170-fold greater than the body burden of those exposed to the same concentration of smaller FLG (S-FLG). The amount of uptake for both L-FLG and S-FLG increased by a factor of 2.5 and 16, respectively, when natural organic matter (NOM) was added in the exposure suspension. While the L-FLG mainly accumulated in the gut of adult zebrafish, the S-FLG was found in both the gut and liver after exposure with or without NOM. Strikingly, the S-FLG was able to pass through the intestinal wall and enter the intestinal epithelial cells and blood. The presence of NOM increased the quantity of S-FLG in these cells. Exposure to L-FLG or S-FLG also had a significantly different impact on the intestinal microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shipeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, United States
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, State Key Lab Water Environmental Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding Author:
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24
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Bjorkland R, Tobias D, Petersen EJ. Increasing evidence indicates low bioaccumulation of carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2017; 4:747-766. [PMID: 28694970 PMCID: PMC5500871 DOI: 10.1039/c6en00389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) expands, so might the potential for release into the environment. The possibility of bioaccumulation and toxicological effects has prompted research on their fate and potential ecological effects. For many organic chemicals, bioaccumulation properties are associated with lipid-water partitioning properties. However, predictions based on phase partitioning provide a poor fit for nanomaterials. In the absence of data on the bioaccumulation and other properties of CNTs, the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subjects new pre-manufacture submissions for all nanomaterials to a higher-level review. We review the literature on CNT bioaccumulation by plants, invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates, summarizing 40 studies to improve the assessment of the potential for bioaccumulation. Because the properties and environmental fate of CNTs may be affected by type (single versus multiwall), functionalization, and dosing technique, the bioaccumulation studies were reviewed with respect to these factors. Absorption into tissues and elimination behaviors across species were also investigated. All of the invertebrate and non-mammalian vertebrate studies showed little to no absorption of the material from the gut tract to other tissues. These findings combined with the lack of biomagnification in the CNT trophic transfer studies conducted to date suggest that the overall risk of trophic transfer is low. Based on the available data, in particular the low levels of absorption of CNTs across epithelial surfaces, CNTs generally appear to form a class that should be designated as a low concern for bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Bjorkland
- AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, Risk Assessment
Division, US EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
| | - David Tobias
- Risk Assessment Division, US EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and
Toxics
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and
Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, United
States
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25
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Bisesi JH, Robinson SE, Lavelle CM, Ngo T, Castillo B, Crosby H, Liu K, Das D, Plazas-Tuttle J, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Denslow ND, Sabo-Attwood T. Influence of the Gastrointestinal Environment on the Bioavailability of Ethinyl Estradiol Sorbed to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:948-957. [PMID: 27977933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that, because of their sorptive nature, if single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) make their way into aquatic environments, they may reduce the toxicity of other waterborne contaminants. However, few studies have examined whether contaminants remain adsorbed following ingestion by aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to examine the bioavailability and bioactivity of ethinyl estradiol (EE2) sorbed onto SWCNTs in a fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Sorption experiments indicated that SWCNTs effectively adsorbed EE2, but the chemical was still able to bind and activate soluble estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitro. However, centrifugation to remove SWCNTs and adsorbed EE2 significantly reduced ER activity compared to that of EE2 alone. Additionally, the presence of SWCNTs did not reduce the extent of EE2-driven induction of vitellogenin 1 in vivo compared to the levels in organisms exposed to EE2 alone. These results suggest that while SWCNTs adsorb EE2 from aqueous solutions, under biological conditions EE2 can desorb and retain bioactivity. Additional results indicate that interactions with gastrointestinal proteins may decrease the level of adsorption of estrogen to SWCNTs by 5%. This study presents valuable data for elucidating how SWCNTs interact with chemicals that are already present in our aquatic environments, which is essential for determining their potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Candice M Lavelle
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Blake Castillo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hayleigh Crosby
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Keira Liu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnologies (CEINT), Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dipesh Das
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jamie Plazas-Tuttle
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnologies (CEINT), Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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Skjolding LM, Sørensen SN, Hartmann NB, Hjorth R, Hansen SF, Baun A. Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles-The Quest To Disclose Nanoparticle Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15224-15239. [PMID: 27564250 PMCID: PMC5132032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of products on the market containing engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has increased significantly, and concerns have been raised regarding their ecotoxicological effects. Environmental safety assessments as well as relevant and reliable ecotoxicological data are required for the safe and sustainable use of ENPs. Although the number of publications on the ecotoxicological effects and uptake of ENPs is rapidly expanding, the applicability of the reported data for hazard assessment is questionable. A major knowledge gap is whether nanoparticle effects occur when test organisms are exposed to ENPs in aquatic test systems. Filling this gap is not straightforward, because of the broad range of ENPs and the different behavior of ENPs compared to "ordinary" (dissolved) chemicals in the ecotoxicity test systems. The risk of generating false negatives, and false positives, in the currently used tests is high, and in most cases difficult to assess. This Review outlines some of the pitfalls in the aquatic toxicity testing of ENPs which may lead to misinterpretation of test results. Response types are also proposed to reveal potential nanoparticle effects in the aquatic test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Michael Skjolding
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Sara Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Nanna Bloch Hartmann
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Rune Hjorth
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvet B115DK-2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
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27
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Skjolding LM, Sørensen SN, Hartmann NB, Hjorth R, Hansen SF, Baun A. Aquatische Ökotoxizität von Nanopartikeln - Versuche zur Aufklärung von Nanopartikeleffekten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Michael Skjolding
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
| | - Sara Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
| | - Nanna Bloch Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
| | - Rune Hjorth
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Bygningstorvet B115 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Dänemark
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28
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Mortimer M, Petersen EJ, Buchholz BA, Orias E, Holden PA. Bioaccumulation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Tetrahymena thermophila by Direct Feeding or Trophic Transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8876-85. [PMID: 27398725 PMCID: PMC4991038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumer goods contain multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that could be released during product life cycles into the environment, where their effects are uncertain. Here, we assessed MWCNT bioaccumulation in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila via trophic transfer from bacterial prey (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) versus direct uptake from growth media. The experiments were conducted using (14)C-labeled MWCNT ((14)C-MWCNT) doses at or below 1 mg/L, which proved subtoxic since there were no adverse effects on the growth of the test organisms. A novel contribution of this study was the demonstration of the ability to quantify MWCNT bioaccumulation at low (sub μg/kg) concentrations accomplished by employing accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). After the treatments with MWCNTs at nominal concentrations of 0.01 mg/L and 1 mg/L, P. aeruginosa adsorbed considerable amounts of MWCNTs: (0.18 ± 0.04) μg/mg and (21.9 ± 4.2) μg/mg bacterial dry mass, respectively. At the administered MWCNT dose of 0.3 mg/L, T. thermophila accumulated up to (0.86 ± 0.3) μg/mg and (3.4 ± 1.1) μg/mg dry mass by trophic transfer and direct uptake, respectively. Although MWCNTs did not biomagnify in the microbial food chain, MWCNTs bioaccumulated in the protozoan populations regardless of the feeding regime, which could make MWCNTs bioavailable for organisms at higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mortimer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bruce A. Buchholz
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Eduardo Orias
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Patricia A. Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Corresponding Author. ; tel: 805-893-3195; fax: 805-893-7612
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29
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Khataee A, Movafeghi A, Mojaver N, Vafaei F, Tarrahi R, Dadpour MR. Toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles on Spirodela polyrrhiza: assessing physiological parameters. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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30
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Holden PA, Gardea-Torresdey J, Klaessig F, Turco RF, Mortimer M, Hund-Rinke K, Hubal EAC, Avery D, Barceló D, Behra R, Cohen Y, Deydier-Stephan L, Lee Ferguson P, Fernandes TF, Harthorn BH, Henderson WM, Hoke RA, Hristozov D, Johnston JM, Kane AB, Kapustka L, Keller AA, Lenihan HS, Lovell W, Murphy CJ, Nisbet RM, Petersen EJ, Salinas ER, Scheringer M, Sharma M, Speed DE, Sultan Y, Westerhoff P, White JC, Wiesner MR, Wong EM, Xing B, Horan MS, Godwin HA, Nel AE. Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6124-45. [PMID: 27177237 PMCID: PMC4967154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly entering the environment with uncertain consequences including potential ecological effects. Various research communities view differently whether ecotoxicological testing of ENMs should be conducted using environmentally relevant concentrations-where observing outcomes is difficult-versus higher ENM doses, where responses are observable. What exposure conditions are typically used in assessing ENM hazards to populations? What conditions are used to test ecosystem-scale hazards? What is known regarding actual ENMs in the environment, via measurements or modeling simulations? How should exposure conditions, ENM transformation, dose, and body burden be used in interpreting biological and computational findings for assessing risks? These questions were addressed in the context of this critical review. As a result, three main recommendations emerged. First, researchers should improve ecotoxicology of ENMs by choosing test end points, duration, and study conditions-including ENM test concentrations-that align with realistic exposure scenarios. Second, testing should proceed via tiers with iterative feedback that informs experiments at other levels of biological organization. Finally, environmental realism in ENM hazard assessments should involve greater coordination among ENM quantitative analysts, exposure modelers, and ecotoxicologists, across government, industry, and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jorge Gardea-Torresdey
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Fred Klaessig
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Pennsylvania Bio Nano Systems, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18901, United States
| | - Ronald F. Turco
- College of Agriculture, Laboratory for Soil Microbiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - David Avery
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Renata Behra
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yoram Cohen
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Patrick Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Barbara Herr Harthorn
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Society, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - William Matthew Henderson
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Robert A. Hoke
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Venice 30123, Italy
| | - John M. Johnston
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Arturo A. Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hunter S. Lenihan
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wess Lovell
- Vive Crop Protection Inc, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Roger M. Nisbet
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edward R. Salinas
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, D-67056, Germany
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium, Ltd., London N1 9RL, England, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Speed
- Globalfoundries, Corporate EHS, Hopewell Junction, New York 12533, United States
| | - Yasir Sultan
- Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec J8X 4C8, Canada
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Eva M. Wong
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Meghan Steele Horan
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hilary A. Godwin
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Mattsson K, Adolfsson K, Ekvall MT, Borgström MT, Linse S, Hansson LA, Cedervall T, Prinz CN. Translocation of 40 nm diameter nanowires through the intestinal epithelium of Daphnia magna. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1160-7. [PMID: 27181920 PMCID: PMC4975093 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1189615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs) have unique electrical and optical properties of value for many applications including lighting, sensing, and energy harnessing. Consumer products containing NWs increase the risk of NWs being released in the environment, especially into aquatic ecosystems through sewage systems. Daphnia magna is a common, cosmopolitan freshwater organism sensitive to toxicity tests and represents a likely entry point for nanoparticles into food webs of aquatic ecosystems. Here we have evaluated the effect of NW diameter on the gut penetrance of NWs in Daphnia magna. The animals were exposed to NWs of two diameters (40 and 80 nm) and similar length (3.6 and 3.8 μm, respectively) suspended in water. In order to locate the NWs in Daphnia, the NWs were designed to comprise one inherently fluorescent segment of gallium indium phosphide (GaInP) flanked by a gallium phosphide (GaP) segment. Daphnia mortality was assessed directly after 24 h of exposure and 7 days after exposure. Translocation of NWs across the intestinal epithelium was investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy directly after 24 h of exposure and was observed in 89% of Daphnia exposed to 40 nm NWs and in 11% of Daphnia exposed to 80 nm NWs. A high degree of fragmentation was observed for NWs of both diameters after ingestion by the Daphnia, although 40 nm NWs were fragmented to a greater extent, which could possibly facilitate translocation across the intestinal epithelium. Our results show that the feeding behavior of animals may enhance the ability of NWs to penetrate biological barriers and that penetrance is governed by the NW diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mattsson
- a Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Karl Adolfsson
- b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,c Division of Solid State Physics , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Mikael T Ekvall
- d Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden , and
| | - Magnus T Borgström
- b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,c Division of Solid State Physics , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- a Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- d Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden , and
| | - Tommy Cedervall
- a Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- b NanoLund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,c Division of Solid State Physics , Lund University , Lund , Sweden .,e Neuronano Research Center, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Chen Q, Hu X, Yin D, Wang R. Effect of subcellular distribution on nC₆₀ uptake and transfer efficiency from Scenedesmus obliquus to Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:213-221. [PMID: 26946286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential uptake and trophic transfer ability of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic organisms have not been well understood yet. There has been an increasing awareness of the subcellular fate of NPs in organisms, but how the subcellular distribution of NPs subsequently affects the trophic transfer to predator remains to be answered. In the present study, the food chain from Scenedesmus obliquus to Daphnia magna was established to simulate the trophic transfer of fullerene aqueous suspension (nC60). The nC60 contaminated algae were separated into three fractions: cell wall (CW), cell organelle (CO), and cell membrane (CM) fractions, and we investigated the nC60 uptake amounts and trophic transfer efficiency to the predator through dietary exposure to algae or algal subcellular fractions. The nC60 distribution in CW fraction of S. obliquus was the highest, following by CO and CM fractions. nC60 uptake amounts in D. magna were found to be mainly relative to the NPs' distribution in CW fraction and daphnia uptake ability from CW fraction, whereas the nC60 trophic transfer efficiency (TE) were mainly in accordance with the transfer ability of NPs from the CO fraction. CW fed group possessed the highest uptake amount, followed by CO and CM fed groups, but the presence of humic acid (HA) significantly decreased the nC60 uptake from CW fed group. The CO fed groups acquired high TE values for nC60, while CM fed groups had low TE values. Moreover, even though CW fed group had a high TE value; it decreased significantly with the presence of HA. This study contributes to the understanding of fullerene NPs' dietary exposure to aquatic organisms, suggesting that NPs in different food forms are not necessarily equally trophically available to the predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xialin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Petersen EJ, Flores-Cervantes DX, Bucheli TD, Elliott LCC, Fagan JA, Gogos A, Hanna S, Kägi R, Mansfield E, Montoro Bustos AR, Plata DL, Reipa V, Westerhoff P, Winchester MR. Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes in Environmental Matrices: Current Capabilities, Case Studies, and Future Prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4587-605. [PMID: 27050152 PMCID: PMC4943226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have numerous exciting potential applications and some that have reached commercialization. As such, quantitative measurements of CNTs in key environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and biological tissues) are needed to address concerns about their potential environmental and human health risks and to inform application development. However, standard methods for CNT quantification are not yet available. We systematically and critically review each component of the current methods for CNT quantification including CNT extraction approaches, potential biases, limits of detection, and potential for standardization. This review reveals that many of the techniques with the lowest detection limits require uncommon equipment or expertise, and thus, they are not frequently accessible. Additionally, changes to the CNTs (e.g., agglomeration) after environmental release and matrix effects can cause biases for many of the techniques, and biasing factors vary among the techniques. Five case studies are provided to illustrate how to use this information to inform responses to real-world scenarios such as monitoring potential CNT discharge into a river or ecotoxicity testing by a testing laboratory. Overall, substantial progress has been made in improving CNT quantification during the past ten years, but additional work is needed for standardization, development of extraction techniques from complex matrices, and multimethod comparisons of standard samples to reveal the comparability of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - D. Xanat Flores-Cervantes
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D. Bucheli
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay C. C. Elliott
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shannon Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ralf Kägi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Mansfield
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Desiree L. Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Box 3005, Tempe, Arizona 85278-3005, United States
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Selck H, Handy RD, Fernandes TF, Klaine SJ, Petersen EJ. Nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: A European Union-United States perspective on the status of ecotoxicity testing, research priorities, and challenges ahead. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1055-67. [PMID: 27089437 PMCID: PMC4992942 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The European Union-United States Communities of Research were established in 2012 to provide a platform for scientists to develop a "shared repertoire of protocols and methods to overcome nanotechnology environmental health and safety (nanoEHS) research gaps and barriers" (www.us-eu.org/). Based on work within the Ecotoxicology Community of Research (2012-2015) the present Focus article provides an overview of the state of the art of nanomaterials (NMs) in the aquatic environment by addressing different research questions, with a focus on ecotoxicological test systems and the challenges faced when assessing NM hazards (e.g., uptake routes, bioaccumulation, toxicity, test protocols, and model organisms). The authors' recommendation is to place particular importance on studying the ecological effects of aged/weathered NMs, as-manufactured NMs, and NMs released from consumer products in addressing the following overarching research topics: 1) NM characterization and quantification in environmental and biological matrices; 2) NM transformation in the environment and consequences for bioavailability and toxicity; 3) alternative methods to assess exposure; 4) influence of exposure scenarios on bioavailability and toxicity; 5) development of more environmentally realistic bioassays; and 6) uptake, internal distribution, and depuration of NMs. Research addressing these key topics will reduce uncertainty in ecological risk assessment and support the sustainable development of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Selck
- Roskilde University, Dept. of Environmental, Social, and Spatial Change, Denmark
| | - Richard D. Handy
- Plymouth University, School of Biological Sciences, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen J. Klaine
- Clemson University, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, USA
- Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Mao L, Hu M, Pan B, Xie Y, Petersen EJ. Biodistribution and toxicity of radio-labeled few layer graphene in mice after intratracheal instillation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:7. [PMID: 26864058 PMCID: PMC4750184 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential human health risks from graphene inhalation exposure have attracted substantial scientific interest as a result of the numerous exciting potential commercial applications of graphene. However, the long-term distribution of graphene in organisms after inhalation is unknown, largely as a result of challenges associated with accurate graphene quantification. METHODS Carbon-14 labeled FLG was used to quantify the in vivo distribution of FLG in mice after oral gavage or intratracheal instillation for up to 3 or 28 days after exposure, respectively. RESULTS Intratracheally instilled FLG was mainly retained in the lung with 47% remaining after 4 weeks. Exposure to non-labeled FLG resulted in dose-dependent acute lung injury and pulmonary edema, but these effects were alleviated with time despite the continued presence of FLG in the lungs. One percent and 0.18% of the intratracheally instilled FLG was present in the liver and spleen, respectively, after 14 days by passing through the air-blood barrier, a finding supported by the results of oral gavage experiments which did not show detectable absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, 46.2% of the intratracheally instilled FLG was excreted through the feces 28 d after exposure. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measurements revealed the elimination mechanism for FLG and its biodistribution for two exposure pathways. Graphene persistence in the lung only caused transient pulmonary effects. The in vivo distribution, elimination, and toxicity results provided here measured using a robust quantitative method support the human health risk assessment of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Maojie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yongchao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-0001, USA.
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Boncel S, Kyzioł-Komosińska J, Krzyżewska I, Czupioł J. Interactions of carbon nanotubes with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic/inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems--A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 136:211-221. [PMID: 26022284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique molecular architecture translating into numerous every-day applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will be ultimately an increasingly significant environmental contaminant. This work reviews qualitative/quantitative analyses of interactions of various types of CNTs and their chemically modified analogues with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic and inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems. A special emphasis was placed on physicochemical interactions between CNTs as adsorbents of heavy metal cations and aromatic compounds (dyes) with its environmental consequences. The studies revealed CNTs as more powerful adsorbents of aromatic compounds (an order of magnitude higher adsorption capacity) than metal cations. Depending on the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and/or co-contaminants, CNTs may act as Trojan horse while passing through biological membranes (in the absence of NOM coordinating metal ions). Nanotubes, depending on flow conditions and their morphology/surface chemistry, may travel with natural waters or sediment with immobilized PAHs or metals and/or increase cyto- and ecotoxicity of PAHs/metal ions by their release via competitive complexation, or cause synergic ecotoxicity while adsorbing nutrients. Additionally, toxicity of CNTs against exemplary aquatic microorganisms was reviewed. It was found for Daphnia magna that longer exposures to CNTs led to higher ecotoxicity with a prolonged CNTs excretion. SWCNTs were more toxic than MWCNTs, while hydrophilization of CNTs via oxidation or anchoring thereto polar/positively charged polymer chains enhanced stability of nanotubes dispersion in aqueous media. On the other hand, bioavailability of functionalized CNTs was improved leading to more complex both mechanisms of uptake and cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Boncel
- Silesian University of Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kyzioł-Komosińska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iwona Krzyżewska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Justyna Czupioł
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Thit A, Dybowska A, Købler C, Kennaway G, Selck H. Influence of copper oxide nanoparticle shape on bioaccumulation, cellular internalization and effects in the estuarine sediment-dwelling polychaete, Nereis diversicolor. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 111:89-98. [PMID: 26149327 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CuO nanoparticles (NPs) released into the aquatic environment will likely accumulate in the sediment. Here we synthesized and characterized CuO NPs with different shapes and thus sizes: spheres, rods and spindles. Nereis diversicolor were exposed for 10 days to control sediment or sediment spiked with CuO NPs or aqueous Cu (Cu-Aq, CuCl2) at 7, 70 and 140 μg Cu g(-1) dw sediment. Cu from all Cu treatments accumulated in worms in a concentration-dependent manner. Only Cu-Aq decreased burrowing, suggesting that worms avoid Cu when added to sediment as Cu-Aq, but not CuO NPs. Transmission Electron Microscopy of gut sections indicated limited presence of CuO NP-like objects in the gut lumen, but evidence on whether accumulated Cu from CuO NP exposure was internalized as particles was not conclusive. Overall, bioavailability and avoidance was not influenced by particle shape or size, whereas Cu form (Cu-Aq vs particulate) and exposure concentration had significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Thit
- Dept. of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | - Carsten Købler
- Dept. of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Henriette Selck
- Dept. of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
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38
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Petersen EJ, Diamond SA, Kennedy AJ, Goss GG, Ho K, Lead J, Hanna SK, Hartmann NB, Hund-Rinke K, Mader B, Manier N, Pandard P, Salinas ER, Sayre P. Adapting OECD Aquatic Toxicity Tests for Use with Manufactured Nanomaterials: Key Issues and Consensus Recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9532-9547. [PMID: 26182079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The unique or enhanced properties of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) suggest that their use in nanoenabled products will continue to increase. This will result in increased potential for human and environmental exposure to MNs during manufacturing, use, and disposal of nanoenabled products. Scientifically based risk assessment for MNs necessitates the development of reproducible, standardized hazard testing methods such as those provided by the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Currently, there is no comprehensive guidance on how best to address testing issues specific to MN particulate, fibrous, or colloidal properties. This paper summarizes the findings from an expert workshop convened to develop a guidance document that addresses the difficulties encountered when testing MNs using OECD aquatic and sediment test guidelines. Critical components were identified by workshop participants that require specific guidance for MN testing: preparation of dispersions, dose metrics, the importance and challenges associated with maintaining and monitoring exposure levels, and the need for reliable methods to quantify MNs in complex media. To facilitate a scientific advance in the consistency of nanoecotoxicology test results, we identify and discuss critical considerations where expert consensus recommendations were and were not achieved and provide specific research recommendations to resolve issues for which consensus was not reached. This process will enable the development of prescriptive testing guidance for MNs. Critically, we highlight the need to quantify and properly interpret and express exposure during the bioassays used to determine hazard values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- †Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen A Diamond
- ‡Midwest Division, NanoSafe, Inc., Duluth, Minnesota 55802, United States
| | - Alan J Kennedy
- §Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Greg G Goss
- ∥Department of Biological Sciences and National Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Kay Ho
- ⊥Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory-Atlantic Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Jamie Lead
- #Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29036, United States
| | - Shannon K Hanna
- †Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nanna B Hartmann
- ∇Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- ○Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Brian Mader
- ◆Environmental Laboratory, 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144, United States
| | - Nicolas Manier
- ¶Institute National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique ALATA, F-60550 Verneuil en-Halatte, France
| | - Pascal Pandard
- ¶Institute National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique ALATA, F-60550 Verneuil en-Halatte, France
| | - Edward R Salinas
- ΔExperimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Phil Sayre
- ◇Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
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Simon A, Preuss TG, Schäffer A, Hollert H, Maes HM. Population level effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in Daphnia magna exposed to pulses of triclocarban. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1199-1212. [PMID: 26003833 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase of carbon nanotubes (CNT) applications and their inevitable release into the aquatic environment, CNT may interact with and further influence the fate and transport of other pollutants such as triclocarban (TCC). TCC is a high-production-volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial agent, is continually released into the aquatic environment, and is biologically active and persistent. In the present study, the population test with Daphnia magna was performed over 93 days. Different treatments were examined: (a) control, (b) solvent control, (c) 1 mg CNT/L from the beginning, (d) 1 mg CNT/L as of day 14, (e) control with a 2-day pulse of 25 µg TCC/L on day 14, 41 µg TCC/L (day 54), and 61 µg TCC/L (day 68) and (f) same pulses of TCC with co-exposure to 1 mg CNT/L. Significant changes in all three size classes were observed as a result of the long-term exposure to 1 mg CNT/L. Increasing in number of neonates, and decreasing in number of juveniles and adults were observed. Moreover, daphnids were significantly smaller when they were exposed to MWCNT. The exposure with TCC led to size-dependent mortality in Daphnia magna populations and a subsequent recovery. Lower toxicity of TCC was observed, with the presence of MWCNT in the medium. The reported effects of TCC on population level were compared to the output of an individual-based Daphnia magna population model, in order to verify the model predictions with laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Simon
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Bisesi JH, Ngo T, Ponnavolu S, Liu K, Lavelle CM, Afrooz ARMN, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Denslow ND, Sabo-Attwood T. Examination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Uptake and Toxicity from Dietary Exposure: Tracking Movement and Impacts in the Gastrointestinal System. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1066-1086. [PMID: 28347052 PMCID: PMC5312889 DOI: 10.3390/nano5021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that exposure of fish to pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by oral gavage, causes no overt toxicity, and no appreciable absorption has been observed. However, in the environment, SWCNTs are likely to be present in dietary sources, which may result in differential impacts on uptake and biological effects. Additionally, the potential of these materials to sorb nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) while present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may lead to nutrient depletion conditions that impact processes such as growth and reproduction. To test this phenomenon, fathead minnows were fed a commercial diet either with or without SWCNTs for 96 h. Tracking and quantification of SWCNTs using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging during feeding studies showed the presence of food does not facilitate transport of SWCNTs across the intestinal epithelia. Targeting genes shown to be responsive to nutrient depletion (peptide transporters, peptide hormones, and lipases) indicated that pept2, a peptide transporter, and cck, a peptide hormone, showed differential mRNA expression by 96 h, a response that may be indicative of nutrient limitation. The results of the current study increase our understanding of the movement of SWCNTs through the GI tract, while the changes in nutrient processing genes highlight a novel mechanism of sublethal toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Satvika Ponnavolu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Keira Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Candice M Lavelle
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - A R M Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Petersen EJ. In Response: Measurement science challenges that complicate the assessment of the potential ecotoxicological risks of carbon nanomaterials--A governmental perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:955-957. [PMID: 25900472 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Revel M, Fournier M, Robidoux PY. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity to the Freshwater Amphipod Hyalella Azteca: Influence of to the Freshwater Amphipod Sediment and Exposure Duration. J Xenobiot 2015; 5:5086. [PMID: 30701037 PMCID: PMC6324486 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2015.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are present in various industrial applications and therefore their release into the environment including freshwater ecosystem is expected to increase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of several parameters on the toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca. The effect of period of exposure, sediment presence and possible impurities released during SWCNT preparation on survival and/or growth of such organism was evaluated. We measured a reduction of survival at concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 mg/L after 96-h exposure, while no mortality was observed with the same concentrations and in the presence of artificial sediment after 14 days of exposure. It is possible that SWCNT are adsorbed on the organic matter from the artificial sediment leading to a decrease of SWCNT bioavailability. The survival and growth toxicity tests revealed a stronger effect at 28 days compared to the 14 days of exposure, and full mortality of organisms at 1000 mg/L for both exposure times. The presence of SWCNT in the gut of survived organisms was observed. The present study demonstrates that the interaction with sediment should be considered when carbon nanotubes toxicity through water exposure is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec.,National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec
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Saleh NB, Afrooz ARMN, Bisesi JH, Aich N, Plazas-Tuttle J, Sabo-Attwood T. Emergent Properties and Toxicological Considerations for Nanohybrid Materials in Aquatic Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 4:372-407. [PMID: 28344229 PMCID: PMC5304671 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of multiple nanomaterials has become the focus of recent materials development. This new material class is commonly known as nanohybrids or "horizon nanomaterials". Conjugation of metal/metal oxides with carbonaceous nanomaterials and overcoating or doping of one metal with another have been pursued to enhance material performance and/or incorporate multifunctionality into nano-enabled devices and processes. Nanohybrids are already at use in commercialized energy, electronics and medical products, which warrant immediate attention for their safety evaluation. These conjugated ensembles likely present a new set of physicochemical properties that are unique to their individual component attributes, hence increasing uncertainty in their risk evaluation. Established toxicological testing strategies and enumerated underlying mechanisms will thus need to be re-evaluated for the assessment of these horizon materials. This review will present a critical discussion on the altered physicochemical properties of nanohybrids and analyze the validity of existing nanotoxicology data against these unique properties. The article will also propose strategies to evaluate the conjugate materials' safety to help undertake future toxicological research on the nanohybrid material class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid B. Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; E-Mails: (N.B.S); (A.R.M.N.A.); (N.A.); (J.P.-T.)
| | - A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; E-Mails: (N.B.S); (A.R.M.N.A.); (N.A.); (J.P.-T.)
| | - Joseph H. Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; E-Mails: (N.B.S); (A.R.M.N.A.); (N.A.); (J.P.-T.)
| | - Jaime Plazas-Tuttle
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; E-Mails: (N.B.S); (A.R.M.N.A.); (N.A.); (J.P.-T.)
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mail:
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Petersen EJ, Henry TB, Zhao J, MacCuspie RI, Kirschling T, Dobrovolskaia MA, Hackley V, Xing B, White JC. Identification and avoidance of potential artifacts and misinterpretations in nanomaterial ecotoxicity measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4226-46. [PMID: 24617739 PMCID: PMC3993845 DOI: 10.1021/es4052999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have revealed that the unique properties of ENMs and a lack of appropriate test methods can lead to results that are inaccurate or not reproducible. The occurrence of spurious results or misinterpretations of results from ENM toxicity tests that are unique to investigations of ENMs (as opposed to traditional toxicants) have been reported, but have not yet been systemically reviewed. Our objective in this manuscript is to highlight artifacts and misinterpretations that can occur at each step of ecotoxicity testing: procurement or synthesis of the ENMs and assessment of potential toxic impurities such as metals or endotoxins, ENM storage, dispersion of the ENMs in the test medium, direct interference with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the assay, and assessment of the ENM biodistribution in organisms. We recommend thorough characterization of initial ENMs including measurement of impurities, implementation of steps to minimize changes to the ENMs during storage, inclusion of a set of experimental controls (e.g., to assess impacts of nutrient depletion, ENM specific effects, impurities in ENM formulation, desorbed surface coatings, the dispersion process, and direct interference of ENM with toxicity assays), and use of orthogonal measurement methods when available to assess ENMs fate and distribution in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems
and Biomaterials Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- School
of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center
for Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- Department
of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Robert I. MacCuspie
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Nanotechnology
Program, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33801, United States
| | - Teresa
L. Kirschling
- Applied
Chemicals and Materials Division, NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology
Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos
Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vincent Hackley
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
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Bisesi JH, Merten J, Liu K, Parks AN, Afrooz ARMN, Glenn JB, Klaine SJ, Kane AS, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. Tracking and quantification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in fish using near infrared fluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1973-1983. [PMID: 24383993 DOI: 10.1021/es4046023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of SWCNTs in complex matrices presents a unique challenge as common techniques lack spatial resolution and specificity. Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting and quantifying SWCNTs in environmental samples by exploiting their innate fluorescent properties. The objective of this study was to optimize NIRF-based imaging and quantitation methods for tracking and quantifying SWCNTs in an aquatic vertebrate model in conjunction with assessing toxicological end points. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed by single gavage to SWCNTs and their distribution was tracked using a custom NIRF imaging system for 7 days. No overt toxicity was observed in any of the SWCNT treated fish; however, histopathology observations from gastrointestinal (GI) tissue revealed edema within the submucosa and altered mucous cell morphology. NIRF images showed strong SWCNT-derived fluorescence signals in whole fish and excised intestinal tissues. Fluorescence was not detected in other tissues examined, indicating that no appreciable intestinal absorption occurred. SWCNTs were quantified in intestinal tissues using a NIRF spectroscopic method revealing values that were consistent with the pattern of fluorescence observed with NIRF imaging. Results of this work demonstrate the utility of NIRF imaging as a valuable tool for examining uptake and distribution of SWCNTs in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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