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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shen J, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Peng M, Zheng H, Zhang Y. Developing and validating intracity spatiotemporal air quality health index in eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175556. [PMID: 39153638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently pilot published city-level air quality health index (AQHI) provides a useful tool for communicating short-term health risks of ambient air pollution, but fails to account for intracity spatial heterogeneity in exposure and associated population health impacts. This study aims to develop the intracity spatiotemporal AQHI (ST-AQHI) via refined air pollution-related health risk assessments. METHODS A three-stage analysis was conducted through integrating province-wide death surveillance data and high-resolution gridded estimates of air pollution and climate factors spanning 2016-2019 in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. First, an individual-level case-crossover design was employed to quantify the short-term risk of nonaccidental mortality associated with residential exposure to individual pollutant (i.e., PM2.5, NO2, O3, and SO2). Second, we accumulated and scaled the excess risks arising from multiple pollutants to formulate daily gridded ST-AQHI estimates at 0.1° × 0.1°, dividing exposure-related risks into low (0-3), moderate (4-6), high (7-9), and extreme high (10+) levels. Finally, the effectiveness of ST-AQHI as composite risk communication was validated through checking the dose-response associations of individual ST-AQHI exposure with deaths from nonaccidental and major cardiopulmonary causes via repeating case-crossover analyses. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 1,905,209 nonaccidental death cases, comprising 785,567 from circulatory diseases and 247,336 from respiratory diseases. In the first-stage analysis, for each 10-μg/m3 rise in PM2.5, NO2, O3, and SO2 exposure at lag-01 day, population risk of nonaccidental death was increased by 0.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.7%, 0.9%), 1.9% (1.7%, 2.0%), 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%), and 4.1% (3.7%, 4.5%), respectively. Spatiotemporal distribution of ST-AQHI exhibited a consistent declining trend throughout the study period (2016-2019), with annual average ST-AQHI decreasing from 5.2 ± 1.3 to 4.0 ± 1.0 and high-risk days dropping from 15.8% (58 days) to 1.6% (6 days). Exposure associated health risks showed great intracity- and between-city heterogeneities. In the validation analysis, ST-AQHI demonstrated approximately linear, threshold-free associations with multiple death events from nonaccidental and major cardiopulmonary causes, suggesting excellent performance in predicting exposure-related health risks. Specifically, each 1-unit rise in ST-AQHI was significantly associated with an excess risk of 2.0% (1.8%, 2.1%) for nonaccidental mortality, 2.3% (2.1%, 2.6%) for overall circulatory mortality, and 2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%) for overall respiratory mortality, as well as 1.7%-3.0% for major cardiopulmonary sub-causes. CONCLUSIONS ST-AQHI developed in this study performed well in predicting intracity spatiotemporal heterogeneity of death risks related to multiple air pollutants, and may hold significant practical importance in communicating air pollution-related health risks to the public at the community scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jiajun Shen
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuxi Tan
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Minjin Peng
- Department of Outpatient, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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García MÁ, Pérez IA, Hernández-Ceballos MÁ. Heatwave events and concurrent ozone concentrations between 2006 and 2022 at two sites in southern and northern Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35233-2. [PMID: 39392579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Hotter-than-usual days are becoming more common, such that heat waves are expected to increase in intensity, frequency, duration, and spatial extent in Spain. Within this framework, this paper looks at the combined effects of extreme temperatures and air pollution in two cities in Spain, Córdoba and Valladolid, over the period 2006-2022. Synoptic patterns and air mass movement were analysed during the eleven coincident heat waves at both locations in order to study what impact orography and local meteorology have on ozone concentrations. Weak flow conditions were the most frequent synoptic pattern in the Iberian Peninsula during heat waves. Moreover, west and local circulations characterised the main air trajectories at low levels (500 m agl), while southwest maritime advections and African air mass transport were more frequent at higher levels (1500 and 3000 m agl) in Córdoba and Valladolid, respectively. On average, maximum ozone values were higher in Córdoba (105.1 µg m-3) than in Valladolid (80 µg m-3) and were strongly correlated with extreme temperatures at both locations (r up to 0.8, p-value < 0.05). Mean temperature in Córdoba was 31.9 °C, with the maximum value reaching 43.7 °C, while temperatures in Valladolid were lower (28.3 °C and 37.3 °C, respectively). Calculation and assessment of some indices helped to understand the impact of extreme events. Caution actions based on the Heat Index characterised heat wave periods. Moderate risk was the general Air Quality Health Index feature recorded and reached a very high risk of unhealthy air quality in the June 2022 event in Córdoba.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles García
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Isidro Alberto Pérez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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Zhang M, Bai Y, Hu J, Ni Y, Zeng Q. An Improved Air Health Index Based on Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects in Tianjin, China. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607214. [PMID: 39351212 PMCID: PMC11440067 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To construct an improved air health index (AHI) based on cardiovascular years of life lost (YLL) in Tianjin and assess its utility. Methods We derived the exposure-response coefficients from time-series models and calculated the excess YLL (EYLL) for simultaneous exposure to air pollution and non-optimum temperature. The AHI was developed using the EYLL at the WHO 2021 Air Quality Guideline annual mean values and optimum temperature as a reference. We assessed the validity of AHI by comparing the correlations and model fit between the AHI, air quality health index (AQHI), and air quality index (AQI) with cause-specific YLLs. Results Each inter quartile range (IQR) increase in AHI was associated with 256.31 (95%CI: 183.05, 329.57), 150.34 (95%CI: 108.23, 192.46), 90.41 (95%CI: 64.80, 116.02) and 60.80 (95%CI:33.41, 88.18) person-year increments for non-accidental, cardiovascular, ischaemic, and cerebrovascular YLL, respectively. The AHI, in contrast to the AQHI and AQI, showed the strongest correlations with the risks of cause-specific YLLs, both in the total population and subpopulations. Conclusion The AHI based on cardiovascular YLL has a greater predictive ability for health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
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Nasar-U-Minallah M, Jabbar M, Zia S, Perveen N. Assessing and anticipating environmental challenges in Lahore, Pakistan: future implications of air pollution on sustainable development and environmental governance. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:865. [PMID: 39212804 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Urban environment and air quality are changing primarily due to land use land cover (LULC) changes, economic activity, and urbanization. Air pollution has been increasingly acknowledged as a major issue for cities due to its extensive effects on health and well-being. As the second most populous city in the country, Lahore faces alarming levels of air pollutants, which induced this study to focus on the pervasive issue of air pollution in Lahore. For this, the study collected air pollutants data from the Environmental Protection Department of Punjab and analyzed them using the ARIMA model. In the research results, both the observed data and predictive models uncovered concerning trends in pollutant concentrations, ultimately portraying a concerning picture for air quality management. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels show a consistent rise, surpassing Pakistan's environmental standards by 2025. Similarly, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations escalate, exceeding prescribed standards. Ground-level ozone (O3) also demonstrates a substantial increase, surpassing standards by 2025. Both PM2.5 and PM10 exhibit marked upward trends, projected to exceed recommended limits, particularly PM10 throughout the study year. The Air Quality Index exhibits an observable upward trend, fluctuating between 70 and 442 from 2015 to 2020. Similarly, a positive correlation was found between population growth and land use conversion into residential areas. Projections suggest a continuous increase, potentially hitting a severe level of 500 during winter by 2025. These findings point to an impending air pollution crisis, demanding urgent action to address the hazardous situation in the city. The study recommends that urban air pollution should be reduced, and the negative health effects of air pollution should be minimized using vegetation barriers, screens, and greening initiatives. Strict regulations and monitoring initiatives need to be put in place in big cities to monitor pollution and vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Zia
- Department of Geography, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Perveen
- Department of Geography, GC University, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan
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Jain P, Barber QE, Taylor SW, Whitman E, Castellanos Acuna D, Boulanger Y, Chavardès RD, Chen J, Englefield P, Flannigan M, Girardin MP, Hanes CC, Little J, Morrison K, Skakun RS, Thompson DK, Wang X, Parisien MA. Drivers and Impacts of the Record-Breaking 2023 Wildfire Season in Canada. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6764. [PMID: 39164286 PMCID: PMC11335882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2023 wildfire season in Canada was unprecedented in its scale and intensity, spanning from mid-April to late October and across much of the forested regions of Canada. Here, we summarize the main causes and impacts of this exceptional season. The record-breaking total area burned (~15 Mha) can be attributed to several environmental factors that converged early in the season: early snowmelt, multiannual drought conditions in western Canada, and the rapid transition to drought in eastern Canada. Anthropogenic climate change enabled sustained extreme fire weather conditions, as the mean May-October temperature over Canada in 2023 was 2.2 °C warmer than the 1991-2020 average. The impacts were profound with more than 200 communities evacuated, millions exposed to hazardous air quality from smoke, and unmatched demands on fire-fighting resources. The 2023 wildfire season in Canada not only set new records, but highlights the increasing challenges posed by wildfires in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jain
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada.
| | - Quinn E Barber
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Stephen W Taylor
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Ellen Whitman
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Dante Castellanos Acuna
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
- Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Stn. Sainte-Foy, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Raphaël D Chavardès
- Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Jack Chen
- Air Quality Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1V 1C7, Canada
| | - Peter Englefield
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Mike Flannigan
- Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Stn. Sainte-Foy, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Chelene C Hanes
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - John Little
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Kimberly Morrison
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Rob S Skakun
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Dan K Thompson
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Xianli Wang
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Parisien
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
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Gogna P, Borghese MM, Villeneuve PJ, Kumarathasan P, Johnson M, Shutt RH, Ashley-Martin J, Bouchard MF, King WD. A cohort study of the multipollutant effects of PM 2.5, NO 2, and O 3 on C-reactive protein levels during pregnancy. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e308. [PMID: 38799262 PMCID: PMC11115979 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background PM2.5, NO2, and O3 contribute to the development of adverse pregnancy complications. While studies have investigated the independent effects of these exposures, literature on their combined effects is limited. Our objective was to study the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on maternal systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods We used data from 1170 pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) study in Canada. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each participant based on residential location. CRP was measured in third-trimester blood samples. We fit multipollutant linear regression models and evaluated the effects of air pollutant mixtures (14-day averages) using repeated-holdout Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and by calculating the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). Results In multipollutant models adjusting for NO2, O3, and green space, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in 14-day average PM2.5 (IQR: 6.9 µg/m3) was associated with 27.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2, 50.7) higher CRP. In air pollution mixture models adjusting for green space, each IQR increase in AQHI was associated with 37.7% (95% CI = 13.9, 66.5) higher CRP; and an IQR increase in the WQS index was associated with 78.6% (95% CI = 29.7, 146.0) higher CRP. Conclusion PM2.5 has the strongest relationship of the individual pollutants examined with maternal blood CRP concentrations. Mixtures incorporating all three pollutants, assessed using the AQHI and WQS index, showed stronger relationships with CRP compared with individual pollutants and illustrate the importance of conducting multipollutant analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael M. Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J. Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Markey Johnson
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin H. Shutt
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Will D. King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Kang Y, Wang Y, Cheng M, Wang Q, Huang X, Liu B, Wang Y, Tang G. Peroxyacetyl nitrate can be used as a comprehensive indicator of air pollution complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123905. [PMID: 38580062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of air cleaning activities in China, air pollution has entered a new stage characterized by seasonal interplay and predominance of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) pollutants. However, the differing peak seasons of these two pollution preclude the use of a unified indicator for air pollution complex. Given that peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) originates from secondary formation and persists under low-temperature conditions for extended periods, it is vital to determine whether its concentration can be used as an indicator to represent air pollution, not only in summer but also in winter. Here, PAN observational data from 2018 to 2022 for Beijing were analyzed. The results showed that during photochemical pollution events in summer, secondary formation of PAN was intense and highly correlated with O3 (R = 0.8), while during PM2.5 pollution events in winter, when the lifetime of PAN is extended due to the low temperature, the PAN concentration was highly consistent with the PM2.5 concentration (R = 0.9). As a result, the PAN concentration essentially exhibited consistency with both the seasonal trends in the exceedance of air pollution (R = 0.6) and the air quality index (R = 0.8). When the daily average concentration exceeds 0.5 and 0.9 ppb, the PAN concentration can be used as a complementary indicator of the occurrence of primary and secondary standard pollution, respectively. This study demonstrated the unique role of PAN as an indicator of air pollution complex, highlighting the comprehensive ability for air quality characterization and reducing the burden of atmospheric environment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Kang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengtian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- China Meteorological Administration Institute for Development and Programme Design (CMAIDP), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kendzerska T, Szyszkowicz M, Saymeh M, Mallick R, Carlsten C, Ayas NT, Laratta CR, Orach J, Dales R. Air pollution, weather and positive airway pressure treatment adherence in adults with sleep apnea: a retrospective community-based repeated-measures longitudinal study. J Sleep Res 2024:e14183. [PMID: 38439127 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the relation between air pollution, weather, and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in a retrospective community-based repeated-measures study of adults with obstructive sleep apnea who purchased PAP devices from a registered provider between 2013 and 2017 (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) and had at least one day of data. Daily PAP-derived data, air pollution, and weather databases were linked using postal code. The exposures were mean nocturnal (8:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.) (i) residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), fine particulate matter <=2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), ozone (O3 ), and Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), and (ii) temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. Covariates in the main model were demographics, season, exposure year, and PAP therapy mode. We analysed 8148 adults (median age of 54 years and 61% men) and 2,071,588 days of data. Based on daily data, the median (interquartile range) daily PAP usage was 416 (323-487) min. Using mixed-effect regression analyses to incorporate daily data and clustering by individuals, we found a statistically significant decrease in adherence for increased levels of NO2 , PM2.5 , and AQHI. The largest effect was for NO2 : a decrease in daily PAP use while comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles (Qs) was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-3.9) min. Decreased PAP adherence was also associated with increased temperature (Q4 versus Q1: 2.6 [95% CI: 1.5-3.7] min) and decreased barometric pressure (Q1 versus Q4: 2.0 [95% CI 1.5-2.5] min). We observed modest but statistically significant acute effects of air pollution and weather on daily PAP adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kendzerska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mieczysław Szyszkowicz
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Healthy Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mouaz Saymeh
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Najib T Ayas
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl R Laratta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juma Orach
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Dales
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Healthy Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Niu S, Tang J, Hu K, Xu X, Dong J, Chu J, Guo X, Wang H, Cao Y, Zhao Q, Fornah L, Lu Z, Ma W. The combined effect of air pollution and non-optimal temperature on mortality in Shandong Province, China: establishment of air health index. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:189-197. [PMID: 38156995 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The air health index (AHI) captures the combined effects of air pollution and non-optimal temperatures and helps assess the atmospheric environment's overall health risk. Shandong Province is a crucial industrial base in China, and the health effects of air pollution and non-optimal temperature cannot be ignored. To construct an AHI for Shandong Province and assess the district-level mortality burden due to AHI in the study area. METHODS Daily district-specific mortality, meteorological, and air pollution data over 2013-2018 were collected in Shandong Province, China. The AHI construction eventually incorporated PM2.5 and NO2, O3, and non-optimal temperatures. Attributable fraction (AF) and attributable number (AN) were used to estimate the district-specific mortality burden attributable to AHI. RESULTS The average AHI value observed in Shandong Province was 6. Our research revealed a positive association between the total AHI and total mortality, with an overall trend of a slow increase followed by a rapid increase. The exposure-response curves, when stratified by gender, age, and cause of death, were approximately consistent with the overall trend. The provincial attributable fraction (AF) was 5.31% (95% CI 4.58%, 5.91%), and the attributable number (AN) was 188,246 (95% CI 162,396, 209,533). Overall, higher ANs mainly appeared in the southwestern area, while higher values of AF were observed in the central-eastern and central-northern areas. CONCLUSIONS The air health index performs well in predicting death burden and can convey health risks related to exposure to the ambient environment to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Niu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Tang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lovel Fornah
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16992, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Khan L, Kawano T, Hutton J, Asamoah-Boaheng M, Scheuermeyer FX, Christian M, Baranowski L, Barbic D, Christenson J, Grunau B. The association of extreme environmental heat with incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in British Columbia: A time series analysis. Resusc Plus 2024; 17:100560. [PMID: 38328748 PMCID: PMC10847945 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of extreme heat on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence and outcomes is under-studied. We investigated OHCA incidence and outcomes over increasing temperatures. Methods We included non-traumatic EMS (Emergency Medical Services)-assessed OHCAs in British Columbia during the warm seasons of 2020-2021. We fit a time-series quasi-Poisson generalized linear model to estimate the association between temperature and incidence of both EMS-assessed, EMS-treated, and EMS-untreated OHCAs. Second, we employed a logistic regression model to estimate the association between "heatwave" periods (defined as a daily mean temperature > 99th percentile for ≥ 2 consecutive days, plus 3 lag days) with survival and favourable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category ≤ 2) at hospital discharge. Results Of 5478 EMS-assessed OHCAs, 2833 were EMS-treated. OHCA incidence increased with increasing temperatures, especially exceeding a daily mean temperature of 25 °C Compared to the median daily mean temperature (16.9 °C), the risk of EMS-assessed (relative risk [RR] 3.7; 95%CI 3.0-4.6), EMS-treated (RR 2.9; 95%CI 2.2-3.9), and EMS-untreated (RR 4.3; 95%CI 3.2-5.7) OHCA incidence were higher during days with a temperature over the 99th percentile. Of EMS-treated OHCAs, during the heatwave (n = 179) and non-heatwave (n = 2654) periods, 4 (2.2%) and 270 (10%) survived and 4 (2.2%) and 241 (9.2%) had favourable neurological outcomes, respectively. Heatwave period OHCAs had decreased odds of survival (adjusted OR 0.28; 95%CI 0.10-0.79) and favourable neurological outcome (adjusted OR 0.31; 95%CI 0.11-0.89) at hospital discharge, compared to other periods. Conclusion Extreme heat was associated with a higher incidence of OHCA, and lower odds of survival and favourable neurological status at hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Khan
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Takahisa Kawano
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jacob Hutton
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine. St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank X. Scheuermeyer
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine. St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Christian
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leon Baranowski
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Barbic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine. St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jim Christenson
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine. St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian Grunau
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine. St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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11
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Lin C, Louie PKK, Lau AKH, Fung JCH, Yuan Z, Tao M, Zhang X, Hossain MS, Li C, Lao XQ. Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:560-569. [PMID: 37778827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the non-linearity in ozone (O3) formation, reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) may increase O3 concentration. Given the counteractive O3 response to NOx reduction, overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations. In this study, a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (WOP). This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions. Results show that O3 concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations decreased in the BTH. Due to the active photochemical formations, O3 became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP. Despite the substantial O3 increases, the health benefits of NO2 reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O3 increases in most regions of the BTH (at 81 out of 112 stations). After considering the impacts of particulate matter, the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH. Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods. Together with the carbon neutrality policy, stringent control of NOx emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Government SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuguo Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Md Shakhaoat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Chengcai Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Adebayo-Ojo TC, Wichmann J, Arowosegbe OO, Probst-Hensch N, Schindler C, Künzli N. A New Global Air Quality Health Index Based on the WHO Air Quality Guideline Values With Application in Cape Town. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606349. [PMID: 37936875 PMCID: PMC10625908 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study developed an Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) based on global scientific evidence and applied it to data from Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Effect estimates from two global systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to derive the excess risk (ER) for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3. Single pollutant AQHIs were developed and scaled using the ERs at the WHO 2021 long-term Air Quality Guideline (AQG) values to define the upper level of the "low risk" range. An overall daily AQHI was defined as weighted average of the single AQHIs. Results: Between 2006 and 2015, 87% of the days posed "moderate to high risk" to Cape Town's population, mainly due to PM10 and NO2 levels. The seasonal pattern of air quality shows "high risk" occurring mostly during the colder months of July-September. Conclusion: The AQHI, with its reference to the WHO 2021 long-term AQG provides a global application and can assist countries in communicating risks in relation to their daily air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Wichmann
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Künzli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Jiang Z, Gao Y, Cao H, Diao W, Yao X, Yuan C, Fan Y, Chen Y. Characteristics of ambient air quality and its air quality index (AQI) model in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165284. [PMID: 37406688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term observations indicate that, the ambient air quality in Shanghai continues to improve, however the synergistic effects between the air pollutants PM2.5, O3 and NO2 are also increasing. The concentration of chemical components included in PM2.5 is higher in moderately polluted air containing multiple pollutants. This suggests that air pollution metrics based on multi-pollutant synergy are more descriptive of ambient air quality than single-pollutant air quality index (AQI) models that may ignore the effect of synergy between pollutants on ambient air quality forecasts. Therefore, this study proposes a new multi-pollutant air quality index model (NMAQI) based on four air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3) that emphasizes the relationship between PM2.5, NO2 and O3 in ambient air. The model successfully categorized observational data into classes of good, moderate, and polluted air quality ratings. Verification of the NMAQI model using the PM2.5 chemical composition spectrum shows that the NMAQI model can more accurately classify samples with high concentrations of chemical components (often misclassified by AQI) into high pollution levels. The model has an improved capacity to assess the degree of pollution in urban ambient air and to reduce the risk of public exposure to highly polluted atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Jiang
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunchuan Gao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huaxing Cao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Diao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Cancan Yuan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueying Fan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
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14
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Chen MJ, Leon Guo Y, Lin P, Chiang HC, Chen PC, Chen YC. Air quality health index (AQHI) based on multiple air pollutants and mortality risks in Taiwan: Construction and validation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116214. [PMID: 37224939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The currently used air quality index (AQI) is not able to capture the additive effects of air pollution on health risks and reflect non-threshold concentration-response relationships, which has been criticized. We proposed the air quality health index (AQHI) based on daily air pollution-mortality associations, and compared its validity in predicting daily mortality and morbidity risks with the existing AQI. We examined the excess risk (ER) of daily elderly (≥65-year-old) mortality associated with 6 air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3) in 72 townships across Taiwan from 2006 to 2014 by performing a time-series analysis using a Poisson regression model. Random effect meta-analysis was used to pool the township-specified ER for each air pollutant in the overall and seasonal scenarios. The integrated ERs for mortality were calculated and used to construct the AQHI. The association of the AQHI with daily mortality and morbidity were compared by calculating the percentage change per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the indices. The magnitude of the ER on the concentration-response curve was used to evaluate the performance of the AQHI and AQI, regarding specific health outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using coefficients from the single- and two-pollutant models. The coefficients of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3 associated with mortality were included to form the overall and season-specific AQHI. An IQR increase in the overall AQHI at lag 0 was associated with 1.90%, 2.96%, and 2.68% increases in mortality, asthma, and respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. The AQHI had higher ERs for mortality and morbidity on the validity examinations than the current AQI. The AQHI, which captures the combined effects of air pollution, can serve as a health risk communication tool to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jean Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhou J, Gladson L, Díaz Suárez V, Cromar K. Respiratory Health Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution and the Efficacy of Local Risk Communication in Quito, Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6326. [PMID: 37510559 PMCID: PMC10379231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Relatively few studies on the adverse health impacts of outdoor air pollution have been conducted in Latin American cities, whose pollutant mixtures and baseline health risks are distinct from North America, Europe, and Asia. This study evaluates respiratory morbidity risk associated with ambient air pollution in Quito, Ecuador, and specifically evaluates if the local air quality index accurately reflects population-level health risks. Poisson generalized linear models using air pollution, meteorological, and hospital admission data from 2014 to 2015 were run to quantify the associations of air pollutants and index values with respiratory outcomes in single- and multi-pollutant models. Significant associations were observed for increased respiratory hospital admissions and ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), although some of these associations were attenuated in two-pollutant models. Significant associations were also observed for index values, but these values were driven almost entirely by daily O3 concentrations. Modifications to index formulation to more fully incorporate the health risks of multiple pollutants, particularly for NO2, have the potential to greatly improve risk communication in Quito. This work also increases the equity of the existing global epidemiological literature by adding new air pollution health risk values from a highly understudied region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhou
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Laura Gladson
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Valeria Díaz Suárez
- Secretaría de Ambiente del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Quito 170138, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Cromar
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Dan M, Dou Y, Guo L, Xu Z, Ding D, Shu M. Evaluation of the health risk using multi-pollutant air quality health index: case study in Tianjin, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1177290. [PMID: 37361164 PMCID: PMC10289283 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1177290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Air pollution imposes a significant burden on public health. Compared with the popular air quality index (AQI), the air quality health index (AQHI) provides a more comprehensive approach to measuring mixtures of air pollutants and is suitable for overall assessments of the short-term health effects of such mixtures. Methods We established an AQHI and cumulative risk index (CRI)-AQHI for Tianjin using single-and multi-pollutant models, respectively, as well as environmental, meteorological, and daily mortality data of residents in Tianjin between 2018 and 2020. Results and discussion Compared with the AQI, the AQHI and CRI-AQHI established herein correlated more closely with the exposure-response relationships of the total mortality effects on residents. For each increase in the interquartile range of the AQHI, CRI-AQHI and AQI, the total daily mortality rates increased by 2.06, 1.69 and 0.62%, respectively. The AQHI and CRI-AQHI predicted daily mortality rate of residents more effectively than the AQI, and the correlations of AQHI and CRI-AQHI with health were similar. Our AQHI of Tianjin was used to establish specific (S)-AQHIs for different disease groups. The results showed that all measured air pollutants had the greatest impact on the health of persons with chronic respiratory diseases, followed by lung cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The AQHI of Tianjin established in this study was accurate and dependable for assessing short-term health risks of air pollution in Tianjin, and the established S-AQHI can be used to separately assess health risks among different disease groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Dan
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dou
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mushui Shu
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
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17
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Huang G, Brown P, Shin HH. Multi-pollutant case-crossover models of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and hospital admissions by age group in 47 Canadian cities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115598. [PMID: 36868451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most of the existing epidemiological studies have investigated adverse health effects of multiple air pollutants for a limited number of cities, thus the evidence of the health impacts is limited and it is challenging to compare these results because of different modeling approaches and potential publication bias. In this paper, we expand the number of Canadian cities, with the use of the most recent available health data. A multi-pollutant model in a case-crossover design is used to investigate the short-term impacts of air pollution on various health outcomes in 47 Canadian main cities, comparing three age groups (all-age, senior (age 66+), non-senior). The main findings are that a 14 ppb increase of O3 was associated with a 0.17%-2.78% (0.62%-1.46%) increase in the odds of all-age respiratory mortality (hospitalization). A 12.8 ppb increase of NO2 was associated with a 0.57%-1.47% (0.68%-1.86%) increase in the odds of all-age (non-senior) respiratory hospitalization. A 7.6 μgm-3 increase of PM2.5 was associated with a 0.19%-0.69% (0.33%-1.1%) increase in the odds of all-age (non-senior) respiratory hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Huang
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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18
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Tan Y, Han S, Chen Y, Wu Z, Lee SC. Long-term variation and evaluation of air quality across Hong Kong. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:284-294. [PMID: 36522060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Study of Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) and long-term changes of air pollution plays a decisive role in formulating and refining pollution control strategies. In this study, 10-year variations of six major air pollutants were analyzed at seven monitoring sites in Hong Kong. The continuous decrease of annual averaged concentrations of NO2, SO2, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 and numbers of days with severe pollution conditions validated the efficiency of the series of air pollution control schemes implemented by the Hong Kong government. However, there is still a big gap to meet the ultimate targets described by the World Health Organization. Besides, the concentration of O3 at roadside and urban stations increased by 135% ± 25% and 37% ± 18% from 2011 to 2020, respectively, meanwhile the highest 8 hr averaged O3 concentration was observed as 294 µg/m3 at background station in 2020, which pointed out the increasing ozone pollution in Hong Kong. There was a great decrease in the annual times of air quality health index (AQHI) laying in "high", "very high" and "serious" categories from 2011 to 2020 with the decrease rate of 89.70%, 91.30% and 89.74% at roadside stations, and 79.03%, 95.98% and 72.73% at urban stations, respectively. Nevertheless, the number of days categorized as "high" or above at roadside station was twice more than that in the urban station during the past ten years. Thus, more policies and attentions should be given to the roadside air quality and its adverse health effect to pedestrians on street.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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Deng X, Zou B, Li S, Wu J, Yao C, Shen M, Chen J, Li S. Disease specific air quality health index (AQHI) for spatiotemporal health risk assessment of multi-air pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115943. [PMID: 37084946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While significant reductions in certain air pollutant concentrations did not induce obvious mitigations of health risks, a shift from air quality management to health risk prevention and control might be necessary to protect public health. This study thus constructed an Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) for respiratory (Res-AQHI), cardiovascular (Car-AQHI), and allergic (Aller-AQHI) risk groups using mixed exposure under multi-air pollutants and portrayed their distribution and variation at multiple spatiotemporal scales using spatial analysis in GIS with the medical big data and air pollution remote sensing data by taking Hunan Province in China as a case. Results showed that the AQHIs constructed for specific health-risk groups could better express their risks than common AQHI and AQI. Moreover, based on the spatiotemporal association of health and environmental information, the allergic risk group in Hunan provided the highest health risk mainly affected by O3. The following cardiovascular and respiratory risk groups can be significantly attributed to NO2. Moreover, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of AQHIs within regions was also evident. On the annual scale, the population in the air health risk hotspots for respiratory and cardiovascular risk decreased, while allergic risks increased. Meanwhile, on seasonal scale, the hotspots for respiratory and cardiovascular risks expanded significantly in winter while completely disappearing for allergic risk. These findings suggest that disease specific AQHIs effectively disclose the health effects of multi-air pollutants and their subsequently varied spatiotemporal distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Deng
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Shenxin Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Changsha Environmental Monitoring Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Chenjiao Yao
- Department of General Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, 410000, China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Changsha Environmental Monitoring Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
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20
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Ma Y, Cheng B, Li H, Feng F, Zhang Y, Wang W, Qin P. Air pollution and its associated health risks before and after COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121090. [PMID: 36649879 PMCID: PMC9840128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem that damages public health. In the present study, we used the segmentation function to improve the health risk-based air quality index (HAQI) and named it new HAQI (NHAQI). To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants and the associated health risks in Shaanxi Province before (Period I, 2015-2019) and after (Period II, 2020-2021) COVID-19. The six criteria pollutants were analyzed between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021, using the air quality index (AQI), aggregate AQI (AAQI), and NHAQI. The results showed that compared with AAQI and NHAQI, AQI underestimated the combined effects of multiple pollutants. The average concentrations of the six criteria pollutants were lower in Period II than in Period I due to reductions in anthropogenic emissions, with the concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm diameter), PM10 (PM ≤ 10 μm diameter) SO2, NO2, O3, and CO decreased by 23.5%, 22.5%, 45.7%, 17.6%, 2.9%, and 41.6%, respectively. In Period II, the excess risk and the number of air pollution-related deaths decreased considerably by 46.5% and 49%, respectively. The cumulative population distribution estimated using the NHAQI revealed that 61% of the total number of individuals in Shaanxi Province were exposed to unhealthy air during Period I, whereas this proportion decreased to 16% during Period II. Although overall air quality exhibited substantial improvements, the associated health risks in winter remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanci Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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21
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Hung A, Koch S, Bougault V, Gee CM, Bertuzzi R, Elmore M, McCluskey P, Hidalgo L, Garcia-Aymerich J, Koehle MS. Personal strategies to mitigate the effects of air pollution exposure during sport and exercise: a narrative review and position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:193-202. [PMID: 36623867 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is among the leading environmental threats to health around the world today, particularly in the context of sports and exercise. With the effects of air pollution, pollution episodes (eg, wildfire conflagrations) and climate change becoming increasingly apparent to the general population, so have their impacts on sport and exercise. As such, there has been growing interest in the sporting community (ie, athletes, coaches, and sports science and medicine team members) in practical personal-level actions to reduce the exposure to and risk of air pollution. Limited evidence suggests the following strategies may be employed: minimising all exposures by time and distance, monitoring air pollution conditions for locations of interest, limiting outdoor exercise, using acclimation protocols, wearing N95 face masks and using antioxidant supplementation. The overarching purpose of this position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology is to detail the current state of evidence and provide recommendations on implementing these personal strategies in preventing and mitigating the adverse health and performance effects of air pollution exposure during exercise while recognising the limited evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hung
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Koch
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valerie Bougault
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Cameron Marshall Gee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Athletics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paddy McCluskey
- Athletics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Sport Institute - Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Hidalgo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Stephen Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Shen F, Nie D, Wang B, Wang L, Xing M, Hegglin MI. Characteristics, health risks, and premature mortality attributable to ambient air pollutants in four functional areas in Jining, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1075262. [PMID: 36741959 PMCID: PMC9893643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1075262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes for global deaths and understanding pollutant emission sources is key to successful mitigation policies. Air quality data in the urban, suburban, industrial, and rural areas (UA, SA, IA, and RA) of Jining, Shandong Province in China, were collected to compare the characteristics and associated health risks. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO show differences of -3.87, -16.67, -19.24, -15.74, and -8.37% between 2017 and 2018. On the contrary, O3 concentrations increased by 4.50%. The four functional areas exhibited the same seasonal variations and diurnal patterns in air pollutants, with the highest exposure excess risks (ERs) resulting from O3. More frequent ER days occurred within the 25-30°C, but much larger ERs are found within the 0-5°C temperature range, attributed to higher O3 pollution in summer and more severe PM pollution in winter. The premature deaths attributable to six air pollutants can be calculated in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Investigations on the potential source show that the ER of O3 (r of 0.86) had the tightest association with the total ER. The bivariate polar plots indicated that the highest health-based air quality index (HAQI) in IA influences the HAQI in UA and SA by pollution transport, and thus can be regarded as the major pollutant emission source in Jining. The above results indicate that urgent measures should be taken to reduce O3 pollution taking into account the characteristics of the prevalent ozone formation regime, especially in IA in Jining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jining Meteorological Bureau, Shandong, China
| | | | - Fuzhen Shen
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fuzhen Shen ✉
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Jining Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Xing
- Business School, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Liaoning, China
| | - Michaela I. Hegglin
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-7: Stratosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Michaela I. Hegglin ✉
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23
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Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Zhu S, Zhao G, Zhang X, Li T, Zhang Y, Zhu W. Joint Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants Might Elevate the Risk of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants in Wuhan: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 67:1605391. [PMID: 36686387 PMCID: PMC9849243 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants during pregnancy on the risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: An Air Pollution Score (APS) was constructed to assess the effects of being exposed to six air pollutants simultaneously, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 (referred to as joint exposure). A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the associations of APS and SGA. Results: The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of SGA per 10 ug/m3 increased in APS during the first and second trimesters and the entire pregnancy were 1.003 [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.000, 1.007], 1.018 (1.012, 1.025), and 1.020 (1.009, 1.031), respectively. The ORs of SGA for each 10 μg/m3 elevated in APS during the whole pregnancy were 1.025 (1.005, 1.046) for mothers aged over 35 years old vs. 1.018 (1.005, 1.031) for mothers aged under 35 years old. Women who were pregnant for the first time were more vulnerable to joint ambient air pollution. Conclusion: In summary, the results of the present study suggested that joint exposure to ambient air pollutants was associated with the increment in the risks of SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xupeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaichan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianzhou Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Wei Zhu,
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Wei Zhu,
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24
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Deng Z, Tan C, Pan J, Xiang Y, Shi G, Huang Y, Xiong Y, Xu K. Mining biomarkers from routine laboratory tests in clinical records associated with air pollution health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114639. [PMID: 36309217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical laboratory in hospital can produce amounts of health data every day. The purpose of this study was to mine biomarkers from clinical laboratory big data associated with the air pollution health risk assessment using clinical records. 13, 045, 629 clinical records of all 27 routine laboratory tests in Changsha Central Hospital, including ALB, TBIL, ALT, DBIL, AST, TP, UREA, UA, CREA, GLU, CK, CKMB, LDL-C, TG, TC, HDL-C, CRP, WBC, Na, K, Ca, Cl, APTT, PT, FIB, TT, RBC and those daily air pollutants concentration monitoring data of Changsha, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 from 2014 to 2016, were retrieved. The moving average method was used to the biological reference interval was established. The tests results were converted into daily abnormal rate. After data cleaning, GAM statistical model construction and data analysis, a concentration-response relationship between air pollutants and daily abnormal rate of routine laboratory tests was observed. Our study found that PM2.5 had a stable association with TP (lag07), ALB (lag07), ALT (lag07), AST (lag07), TBIL (lag07), DBIL (lag07), UREA (lag07), CREA (lag07), UA (lag07), CK (lag 06), GLU (lag07), WBC (lag07), Cl (lag07) and Ca (lag07), (P < 0.05); O3 had a stable association with AST (lag01), CKMB (lag06), TG (lag07), TC (lag05), HDL-C (lag07), K (lag05) and RBC (lag07) (P < 0.05); CO had a stable association with UREA (lag07), Na (lag7) and PT (lag07) (P < 0.05); SO2 had a stable association with TP (lag07) and LDL-C (lag0) (P < 0.05); NO2 had a stable association with APTT (lag7) (P < 0.05). These results showed that different air pollutants affected different routine laboratory tests and presented different pedigrees. Therefore, biomarkers mined from routine laboratory tests may potentially be used to low-cost assess the health risks associated with air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, PR China
| | - Chaochao Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, PR China
| | - Jianhua Pan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Yangen Xiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Guomin Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Yican Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, PR China
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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25
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Davis Z, de Groh M, Rainham DG. The Canadian Environmental Quality Index (Can-EQI): Development and calculation of an index to assess spatial variation of environmental quality in Canada's 30 largest cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107633. [PMID: 36413927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple characteristics of the urban environment have been shown to influence population health and health-related behaviours, though the distribution and combined effects of these characteristics on health is less understood. A composite measure of multiple environmental conditions would allow for comparisons among different urban areas; however, this measure is not available in Canada. OBJECTIVES To develop an index of environmental quality for Canada's largest urban areas and to assess the influence of population size on index values. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of potential datasets and consulted with experts to refine and select datasets for inclusion. We identified and selected nine datasets across five domains (outdoor air pollution, natural environments, built environments, radiation, and climate/weather). Datasets were chosen based on known impacts on human health across the life course, complete geographic coverage of the cities of interest, and temporal alignment with the 2016 Canadian census. Each dataset was then summarized into dissemination areas (DAs). The Canadian Environmental Quality Index (Can-EQI) was created by summing decile ranks of each variable based on hypothesized relationships to health outcomes. RESULTS We selected 30 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people which included 28,026 DAs and captured approximately 55% of the total Canadian population. Can-EQI scores ranged from 21.1 to 88.9 out of 100, and in Canada's largest cities were 10.2 (95% CI: -10.7, -9.7) points lower than the smallest cities. Mapping the Can-EQI revealed high geographic variability within and between cities. DISCUSSION Our work demonstrates a valuable methodology for exploring variations in environmental conditions in Canada's largest urban areas and provides a means for exploring the role of environmental factors in explaining urban health inequalities and disparities. Additionally, the Can-EQI may be of value to municipal planners and decision makers considering the allocation of investments to improve urban conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Davis
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rainham
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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26
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Ji S, Guo Y, Li G, Sang N. NO 2 exposure contributes to cardiac hypertrophy in male mice through apoptosis signaling pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136576. [PMID: 36155018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most common indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Inhalation of NO2 is associated with an increased risk of health problems, especially cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to NO2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/d) for 28 days and found that NO2 inhalation induced cardiac dysfunction in male mice, but not in female mice, including left ventricular dilation and cardiac systolic dysfunction. Pathological staining showed that NO2 inhalation induced eccentric hypertrophy with enlarged individual cardiomyocytes, dilated left ventricle, and thinning of the left ventricular wall in male mice. The transcriptional analysis suggested that NO2 exposure could disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, myocardial contractility, and vascular dilation in male mice. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were closely associated with the apoptotic signaling pathways. These findings suggested that NO2 exposure caused cardiac eccentric hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction through apoptotic signaling pathways, and contributed to cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
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27
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Cao R, Liu W, Huang J, Pan X, Zeng Q, Evangelopoulos D, Yin P, Wang L, Zhou M, Li G. The establishment of Air Quality Health Index in China: A comparative analysis of methodological approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114264. [PMID: 36084679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Air Quality Index (AQI) has been criticized because it does not adequately account for the health effect of multi-pollutants. Although the developed Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a more effective communication tool, little is known about the best method to construct AQHI on long time and large spatial scales. OBJECTIVES To further evaluate the validity of existing approaches to the establishment of AQHI on both long time and larger spatial scales. METHODS By introducing 3 approaches addressing multi-pollutant exposures: cumulative risk index (CRI), supervised principal component analysis (SPCA), and Bayesian multi-pollutants weighted model (BMP), we constructed CRI-AQHI, SPCA-AQHI, BMP-AQHI and standard-AQHI on cardiovascular mortality in China from 2015 to 2019 at both the national and geographic regional levels. We further assessed the performance of the four methods in estimating the joint effect of multi-pollutants by simulations under various scenarios of pollution effect. RESULTS The results of national China showed that the BMP-AQHI improved the goodness of fit of the standard-AQHI by 108.24%, followed by CRI-AQHI (5.02%), and all AQHIs performed better than AQI, consistent with 6 geographic regional results. In addition, the simulation result showed that the BMP method provided stable and relatively accurate estimations of the short-term combined effect of exposure to multi-pollutants. CONCLUSIONS AQHI based on BMP could communicate the air pollution risk to the public more effectively than the current AQHI and AQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, PR China.
| | - Dimitris Evangelopoulos
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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28
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Li J, Lu A, Si S, Zhang K, Tang F, Yang F, Xue F. Exposure to various ambient air pollutants increases the risk of venous thromboembolism: A cohort study in UK Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157165. [PMID: 35839901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence for the association between air pollutants exposure and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. In this study, a total of 389,659 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of VTE in 2010 were included, and the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants near where participants lived were collected. During a median follow-up period of 8.25 years, 4986 VTEs were determined from the hospital admission records. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between air pollutants and VTE. We firstly investigated the associations between air pollutants concentration and VTE and found only NO2 and NO increased VTE risk (P < 0.05). We further calculated the product of air pollutant concentrations and outdoor time to measure personal daily cumulative exposure and found that the hazard rates (HRs) of VTE for a 50-μg/m3∗day increase in daily cumulative exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO, and NO2 were 1.08 (1.05-1.12), 1.16 (1.09-1.24), 1.23 (1.11-1.37), 1.04 (1.01-1.06), and 1.05 (1.03-1.08), respectively. To measure joint exposure to various air pollutants and its effect on VTE, we created a weighted air pollutants exposure score (APES) and found a dose-response relationship between APES and VTE risk (P < 0.001 for trend). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of APES, the HRs of VTE were 1.19 (1.08-1.30) for those within the highest quintile groups. Furthermore, we also found the effect of air pollutants on VTE was statistically significant only in individuals with low-middle VTE genetic risk score (GRS) (P < 0.05), but not in the high VTE GRS groups (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that exposure to various air pollutants including PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, NO, and NO2, either individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of VTE in a dose-response pattern. Our study highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment of various air pollutants in VTE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Aimei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China; Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Armstrong-Carter E, Fuligni AJ, Wu X, Gonzales N, Telzer EH. A 28-day, 2-year study reveals that adolescents are more fatigued and distressed on days with greater NO 2 and CO air pollution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17015. [PMID: 36220830 PMCID: PMC9553977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This 2-year, 28-day study examined whether adolescents felt greater fatigue and emotional distress the same day and the day after air quality was worse. We linked objective daily air quality measurements to daily self-reports from 422 Mexican-American adolescents in Los Angeles County, California from 2009 to 2011 (50% girls, MAge = 15 years). A robust, within-subject analysis of 9696 observations revealed that adolescents with ongoing physical complaints reported greater fatigue and emotional distress on days that the air contained higher levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Regardless of physical complaints, adolescents on average also reported greater fatigue the day after NO2 levels were higher. The same-day and next-day associations between air pollution and distress were mediated via daily increases in fatigue. Results were robust when controlling for day of the week, and daily temperature and humidity. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), PM2.5 and PM10 were not related to daily fatigue or distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Armstrong-Carter
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Wu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Nancy Gonzales
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Zhao Y, An X, Sun Z, Li Y, Hou Q. Identification of Health Effects of Complex Air Pollution in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12652. [PMID: 36231950 PMCID: PMC9566804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After the Chinese government introduced a series of policies to strengthen the control of air pollution, the concentration of particulate matter has decreased, but the concentration of ozone has increased, and the problem of complex air pollution still exists, posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, disentangling the health effect of multi-pollutants has been a long-discussed challenge in China. To evaluate the adverse effects of complex air pollution, a generalized additive model was used to assess the health risks of different pollution types in eight metropolises in different climates in China from 2013 to 2016. Instead of directly introducing multiple pollutant concentrations, we integrated the concentration levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 into a set of predictors by grouping methods and divided air pollution into three high single-pollutant types and four high multi-pollutant types to calculate mortality risk in different types. The comprehensive results showed that the impact of high multi-pollutant types on mortality risk was greater than that of high single-pollutant types. Throughout the study period, the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5 and NO2 were more associated with death, and the highest RRs were 1.129 (1.080, 1.181) and 1.089 (1.066, 1.113), respectively. In addition, the pollution types that most threaten people are different in different cities. These differences may be related to different pollution conditions, pollutant composition, and indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different cities. Seasonally, the risk of complex air pollution is greater in most cities in the warm season than in the cold season. This may be caused by the modifying effects of high temperature on pollutants in addition to different indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different seasons. The results also show that calculating the effect of individual air pollutants separately and adding them together may lead to an overestimation of the combined effect. It further highlights the urgency and need for air pollution health research to move towards a multi-pollutant approach that considers air pollution as a whole in the context of atmospheric abatement and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaobin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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31
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Lin C, Song Y, Louie PKK, Yuan Z, Li Y, Tao M, Li C, Fung JCH, Ning Z, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. Risk tradeoffs between nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollution during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the Greater Bay area of China. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 13:101549. [PMID: 36092859 PMCID: PMC9446283 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical regime for ozone (O3) formation is complicated in the sense that reducing emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) may increase O3 concentration. The lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic affords a unique opportunity to use real observations to explore the O3 formation regime and the effectiveness of NOx emission control strategies. In this study, observations from ground networks during the lockdowns were used to assess spatial disparity of the Ratio of Ozone Formation (ROF) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reduction in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. The health risk model from Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) system in Hong Kong was adopted to evaluate the risk tradeoffs between NO2 and O3. Results show that the levels of O3 increase and NO2 reduction were comparable due to high ROF values in urban areas of central GBA. The ozone reactivity to NO2 reduction gradually declined outwards from central GBA. Despite the O3 increases, the NOx emission controls reduced the Integrated Health Risk (IHR) of NO2 and O3 in most regions of the GBA. When risk coefficients from the AQHI in Canada or the global review were adopted in the risk analyses, the results are extremely encouraging because the controls of NOx emission reduced the IHR of NO2 and O3 almost everywhere in the GBA. Our results underscore the importance of using a risk-based method to assess the effectiveness of emission control measures and the overall health benefit from NOx emission controls in the GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yushan Song
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Government SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghui Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chengcai Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Zhang N, Guan Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Ding D, Wang S. Regional demarcation of synergistic control for PM 2.5 and ozone pollution in China based on long-term and massive data mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155975. [PMID: 35588824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Implementing an inter-regional synergistic control policy for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) could improve regional air quality. However, little is known about the effectiveness and accuracy of synergistic control region delineation. This study aimed to construct a network model and apply it to a case study of regional delineation in China at different scales to quantify the interactions between regions. Firstly, the Cumulative Risk Index (CRI) was proposed and quantified from a health risk perspective based on the daily mean PM2.5 and daily maximum 8-h average O3 concentrations from 2015 to 2020 in China. Then, the complex network topology parameters were introduced to determine the optimal threshold for different network constructions, and the Girvan-Newman (GN) algorithm was used to divide the network into independent regions. Results showed that the correlation between cities is more robust than that between provinces. There are four-seven major provincial-scale regions with strong synchronicity in CRI, suggesting that PM2.5 and O3 synergistic control policies shall be implemented jointly within these demarcated regions. Moreover, urban-scale CRI network analysis indicated that the existing key control areas (2 + 26 cities) need to be expanded to 40-50 cities and refined into seven independent urban regions. Meanwhile, the Fen-Wei Plain can be focused on six cities: Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Yuncheng, and Tongchuan. This study could improve our understanding of the synergistic control regions for PM2.5 and O3 pollution, and the results could be used to develop joint control policies for both pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuya Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
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33
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Lei R, Nie D, Zhang S, Yu W, Ge X, Song N. Spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollutants and their health effects in China during 2019-2020. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115460. [PMID: 35660829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the temporal and spatial characteristics of the major air pollutants and their associated health risks in China from 2019 to 2020, by using the monitoring data from 367 cities. The annual average PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 concentrations decreased by 10.9%, 13.2%, 9.3%, 10.1%, 9.4%, and 5.5% from 2019 to 2020. National average PM2.5 concentration in 2020 met the standard of 35 μg/m3, and that of O3 decreased from 2019. COVID-19 lockdown affected NO2 level dramatically, yet influences on PM2.5 and O3 were less clear-cut. Positive correlations between PM2.5 and O3 were found, even in winter in all five key regions, e.g., Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ), FenWei Plain (FWP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Chengdu-Chongqing Region (CCR), indicating importance of secondary production for both PM2.5 and O3. Large seasonal variability of PM2.5-SO2 correlation indicates a varying role of SO2 to PM2.5 pollution in different seasons; and generally weak correlations in winter between PM2.5 and NO2 or SO2 reveal the complexity of secondary formation processes to PM2.5 pollution in winter. Multilinear regression analysis between PM2.5 and SO2, NO2 and CO demonstrates that PM2.5 is more sensitive to the change of NO2 than SO2 in JJJ, FWP, PRD and CCR, suggesting a priority of NOx emission control for future PM2.5 reduction. Furthermore, the new World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQG2021) were adopted to calculate the excess health risks (ER) as well as the health-risk based air quality index (HAQIWHO) of the pollutants. Such assessment points out the severity of air pollution associated health risks under strict standards: 40.0% of days had HAQIWHO>100, while only 14.4% days had AQI>100. PM2.5 ER was generally larger than O3 ER, but O3 ER in low PM2.5 region (PRD) and during summer became more serious. Notably, NO2 ER became even more important than PM2.5 due to its strict limit of WHO AQG2021. Overall, our results highlight the increasing importance of O3 in both air quality evaluation and health risk assessment, and the importance of coordinated mitigation of multiple pollutants (mainly PM2.5, O3 and NO2) in protecting the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyuan Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wanning Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 210042, China.
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Li D, Gao R, Qin L, Yue H, Sang N. New Insights into Prenatal NO 2 Exposure and Behavioral Abnormalities in Male Offspring: Disturbed Serotonin Metabolism and Delayed Oligodendrocyte Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11536-11546. [PMID: 35895862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) might cause behavioral abnormalities in childhood. However, toxicological mechanisms for such effects remain unclear, and it is still difficult to define adverse outcome pathways linking exposures to behavioral phenotypes. In this study, by exposing pregnant mice to NO2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/day) throughout gestation, we provided the first experimental evidence that prenatal NO2 exposure did cause anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in weaning male offspring but not females. Specifically, the behavioral abnormalities were associated with abnormal myelination and the alterations attributed to the delayed oligodendrocyte (OL) development in the fetus and the early stage after birth. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfr-α) and Olig2 significantly decreased in the NO2 group at E13.5 and E15.5, and the expression of Olig2, adenomatous polyposis coli colon (Cc1), and myelin basic protein (Mbp) was reduced in offspring at PNDs 1, 7, and 21. We performed the targeted metabolomic analysis of neurotransmitters in the placenta and found that prenatal exposure to NO2 disturbed the metabolism of placental neurotransmitters. Serotonin (5-HT) was transferred from the placenta to the fetus at E10.5, and its accumulation in the fetal forebrain might affect oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and OL maturation and eventually be involved in behavioral abnormalities. Our findings provide new insights into the association between prenatal NO2 exposure with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Liyao Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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Kendzerska T, Szyszkowicz M, Alvarez JV, Mallick R, Carlsten C, Ayas N, Laratta CR, Jovic B, Orach J, Doiron MS, Dales R. Air Pollution and the Effectiveness of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Individuals With Sleep Apnea. Chest 2022; 162:1176-1187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Lukina AO, Burstein B, Szyszkowicz M. Urban air pollution and emergency department visits related to central nervous system diseases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270459. [PMID: 35759498 PMCID: PMC9236246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse neurological health outcomes. Ambient pollutants are thought to trigger oxidative stress and inflammation to which vulnerable populations, such as elderly may be particularly susceptible. Our study investigated the possible association between concentrations of ambient air pollutants and the number of emergency department (ED) visits for nervous system disorders among people residing in a large Canadian city. A time-stratified case-crossover study design combining data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) and the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) between 2004 and 2015 was used. Two air quality health indices were considered in additional to specific pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Weather condition data were included in the models. ED visits with a discharge diagnosis were identified using ICD-10 codes (G00-G99). The analysis was stratified by sex and age, also by seasons. The associations were investigated in arrays organized as 18 strata and 15 time lags (in days) for each pollutant. Overall, 140,511 ED visits were included for the analysis. Most ED visits were related to episodic and paroxysmal diagnoses (G40-G47, 64%), with a majority of visits for migraines (G43, 39%). Among females, an increase of 0.1ppm ambient CO was associated with an increased risk of paroxysmal diagnoses at day 1 (RR = 1.019 (95%CI 1.004–1.033)), day 6 (1.024 (1.010–1.039)) and day 7 (1.022 (1.007–1.036). PM2.5 and SO2, and air quality indices were similarly associated with ED visits for episodic and paroxysmal disorders in days 6 and 7. Findings highlight that ambient air pollution is associated with an increased number of ED visits for nervous system disorders, particularly visits for paroxysmal diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O. Lukina
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brett Burstein
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mieczysław Szyszkowicz
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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The Impact of Air Pollution on Pulmonary Diseases: A Case Study from Brasov County, Romania. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is considered one of the most significant risk factors for human health. To ensure air quality and prevent and reduce the harmful impact on human health, it is necessary to identify and measure the main air pollutants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, PM10 and PM2.5 particles, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, etc.), their maximum values, as well as the impact they have on mortality/morbidity rates caused by respiratory diseases. This paper aims to assess the influence of air pollution on respiratory diseases based on an analysis of principal pollutants and mortality/morbidity data sets. In this respect, four types of data are used: pollution sources inventory, air quality data sets, mortality/morbidity data at the local and national level, and clinical data of patients diagnosed with different forms of lung malignancies. The results showed an increased number of deaths caused by respiratory diseases for the studied period, correlated with the decreased air quality due to industrial and commercial activities, households, transportation, and energy production.
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Szyszkowicz M, Lukina A, Dinu T. Urban Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Neoplasms and Outcomes of Blood Forming and Metabolic Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095603. [PMID: 35564996 PMCID: PMC9105125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on investigating possible associations between exposure to urban air pollution and the number of emergency department (ED) visits for various health outcomes. The outcomes were grouped into four chapters of the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10) system (i.e., Chapter II-IV: “Neoplasms”, “Diseases of the blood”, “Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases”, and XVIII: “Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings“). The data were collected for the city of Toronto, Canada, (2004–2015, 4292 days). Four gaseous air pollutants (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground level ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and two calculated air quality health indexes (AQHI) based on Toronto were used. The statistical models were constructed by applying the conditional Poisson regression. The exposure was assessed over a maximum of 15 days (time lags 0–14 days). An analysis was performed with the following strata: sex, age, and seasons. Relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for an increase in concentration by a one interquartile range (IQR). For the AQHI (composed of NO2, O3, and PM2.5), IQR = 1, the estimations for lag 1 and all patients, are RR = 1.023 (95%CI: 1.008, 1.038), 1.026 (1.012, 1.040), 1.013 (1.003, 1.024), and 1.007 (1.003, 1.010) for Chapters II–IV and XVIII, respectively. The results show that in the four large, analyzed health groups, the impact of air quality mainly occurs over a short period (from current day to a maximum of 3 days after exposure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Szyszkowicz
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Anna Lukina
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
| | - Tatiana Dinu
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
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K P, Kumar P. A critical evaluation of air quality index models (1960-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:324. [PMID: 35359193 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The formulation of an adequate and practical Atmospheric Air Quality Management Plan at different spatial scales at local (micro), city (medium), national (macro)), and temporal (short and long term) is an indispensable solution to prevent the public from air pollution health risk. The air quality monitoring system provides regulatory agencies a comprehensive data of current air contaminants in a particular location. Then, air monitoring data of pollutants is processed into a dimensionless unit called the "Air Quality Index" (AQI); it serves as an information medium for the people to know the air quality health of their location and takes preventative steps accordingly (public participation). Thus, the AQI is a beneficial tool for the public, stakeholders, and regulators to understand the current state of air quality. AQI across the globe considers the number of pollutants (most of the developed countries and some developing countries considers PM2.5 to measure the overall status of air quality being monitored), averaging time for which pollutants are measured, calculation method to compute air quality indices for each pollutant, calculation mode to aggregate the overall index, scale of an index, categories, colour coding scheme, and related descriptive terms of the pollutants. This article presents rationalized and extensive reviews of various Air Quality Index (AQI) models utilized worldwide from 1960 to 2021, comparing them based on several parameters such as types and number of pollutants (criteria or hazardous air pollutants), averaging time (long-term or short-term), calculation methods (linear or nonlinear), calculation modes [single-pollutant (maximum value) or multi-pollutants (combined effect)]. By analysing the strengths and flaws of all the AQI models developed so far, it is recommended to develop a more reliable, extensible, and comparable AQI model to be employed as an executive tool for designing strategic pollution abatement programs to preserve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti K
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India, 201002
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Technology Block, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, India, 160030
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India, 201002.
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Technology Block, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, India, 160030.
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Tropospheric and Surface Nitrogen Dioxide Changes in the Greater Toronto Area during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) changes observed by the Canadian Pandora measurement program in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, and compare the results with surface NO2 concentrations measured via in situ instruments to assess the local emission changes during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the City of Toronto, the first lockdown period started on 15 March 2020, and continued until 24 June 2020. ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA-5) wind information was used to facilitate the data analysis and reveal detailed local emission changes from different areas of the City of Toronto. Evaluating seven years of Pandora observations, a clear NO2 reduction was found, especially from the more polluted downtown Toronto and airport areas (e.g., declined by 35% to 40% in 2020 compared to the 5-year mean value from these areas) during the first two years of the pandemic. Compared to the sharp decline in NO2 emissions in 2020, the atmospheric NO2 levels in 2021 started to recover, but are still below the mean values in pre-pandemic time. For some sites, the pre-pandemic NO2 local morning rush hour peak has still not returned in 2021, indicating a change in local traffic and commuter patterns. The long-term (12 years) surface air quality record shows a statistically significant decline in NO2 with and without April to September 2020 observations (trend of −4.1%/yr and −3.9%/yr, respectively). Even considering this long-term negative trend in NO2, the observed NO2 reduction (from both Pandora and in situ) in the early stage of the pandemic is still statistically significant. By implementing the new wind-based validation method, the high-resolution satellite instrument (TROPOMI) can also capture the local NO2 emission pattern changes to a good level of agreement with the ground-based observations. The bias between ground-based and satellite observations during the pandemic was found to have a positive shift (5–12%) than the bias during the pre-pandemic period.
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Huang WZ, He WY, Knibbs LD, Jalaludin B, Guo YM, Morawska L, Heinrich J, Chen DH, Yu YJ, Zeng XW, Yu HY, Yang BY, Hu LW, Liu RQ, Feng WR, Dong GH. Improved morbidity-based air quality health index development using Bayesian multi-pollutant weighted model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112397. [PMID: 34798120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widely used Air Quality Index (AQI) has been criticized due to its inaccuracy, leading to the development of the air quality health index (AQHI), an improvement on the AQI. However, there is currently no consensus on the most appropriate construction strategy for the AQHI. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to evaluate the utility of AQHIs constructed by different models and health outcomes, and determine a better strategy. METHODS Based on the daily time-series outpatient visits and hospital admissions from 299 hospitals (January 2016-December 2018), and mortality (January 2017-December 2019) in Guangzhou, China, we utilized cumulative risk index (CRI) method, Bayesian multi-pollutant weighted (BMW) model and standard method to construct AQHIs for different health outcomes. The effectiveness of AQHIs constructed by different strategies was evaluated by a two-stage validation analysis and examined their exposure-response relationships with the cause-specific morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Validation by different models showed that AQHI constructed with the BMW model (BMW-AQHI) had the strongest association with the health outcome either in the total population or subpopulation among air quality indexes, followed by AQHI constructed with the CRI method (CRI-AQHI), then common AQHI and AQI. Further validation by different health outcomes showed that AQHI constructed with the risk of outpatient visits generally exhibited the highest utility in presenting mortality and morbidity, followed by AQHI constructed with the risk of hospitalizations, then mortality-based AQHI and AQI. The contributions of NO2 and O3 to the final AQHI were prominent, while the contribution of SO2 and PM2.5 were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS The BMW model is likely to be more effective for AQHI construction than CRI and standard methods. Based on the BMW model, the AQHI constructed with the outpatient data may be more effective in presenting short-term health risks associated with the co-exposure to air pollutants than the mortality-based AQHI and existing AQIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wei-Yun He
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Quality and Health Research and Evaluation, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medial Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Duo-Hong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Ru Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Concurrent Heat Waves and Extreme Ozone (O3) Episodes: Combined Atmospheric Patterns and Impact on Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052770. [PMID: 35270463 PMCID: PMC8910642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
More recurrent heat waves and extreme ozone (O3) episodes are likely to occur during the next decades and a key question is about the concurrence of those hazards, the atmospheric patterns behind their appearance, and their joint effect on human health. In this work, we use surface maximum temperature and O3 observations during extended summers in two cities from Morocco: Casablanca and Marrakech, between 2010 and 2019. We assess the connection between these data and climate indices (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Mediterranean Oscillation (MO), and Saharan Oscillation (SaO)). We then identify concurrent heat waves and O3 episodes, the weather type behind this concurrence, and the combined health risks. Our findings show that the concurrence of heat waves and O3 episodes depends both on the specific city and the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The likely identified synoptic pattern is when the country is under the combined influence of an anticyclonic area in the north and the Saharan trough extending the depression centered in the south. This pattern generates a warm flow and may foster photochemical pollution. Our study is the first step toward the establishment of an alert system. It will help to provide recommendations for coping with concurrent heat waves and air pollution episodes.
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Gladson LA, Cromar KR, Ghazipura M, Knowland KE, Keller CA, Duncan B. Communicating respiratory health risk among children using a global air quality index. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107023. [PMID: 34920275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a serious threat to children's respiratory health around the world. Satellite remote-sensing technology and air quality models can provide pollution data on a global scale, necessary for risk communication efforts in regions without ground-based monitoring networks. Several large centers, including NASA, produce global pollution forecasts that may be used alongside air quality indices to communicate local, daily risk information to the public. Here we present a health-based, globally applicable air quality index developed specifically to reflect the respiratory health risks among children exposed to elevated outdoor air pollution. Additive, excess-risk air quality indices were developed using 51 different coefficients derived from time-series health studies evaluating the impacts of ambient fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone on children's respiratory morbidity outcomes. A total of four indices were created which varied based on whether or not the underlying studies controlled for co-pollutants and in the adjustment of excess risks of individual pollutants. Combined with historical estimates of air pollution provided globally at a 25 × 25 km2 spatial resolution from the NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System composition forecast (GEOS-CF) model, each of these indices were examined in a global sample of 664 small and 140 large cities for study year 2017. Adjusted indices presented the most normal distributions of locally-scaled index values, which has been shown to improve associations with health risks, while indices based on coefficients controlling for co-pollutants had little effect on index performance. We provide the steps and resources need to apply our final adjusted index at the local level using freely-available forecasting data from the GEOS-CF model, which can provide risk communication information for cities around the world to better inform individual behavior modification to best protect children's respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gladson
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marya Ghazipura
- Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Christoph A Keller
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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Air Quality Measurements in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada Using Multisensor Mini Monitoring Stations. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Region of Waterloo is the third fastest growing region in Southern Ontario in Canada with a population of 619,000 as of 2019. However, only one air quality monitoring station, located in a city park in Kitchener, Ontario, is currently being used to assess the air quality of the region. In September 2020, a network of AQMesh Multisensor Mini Monitoring Stations (pods) were installed near elementary schools in Kitchener located near different types of emission source. Data analysis using a custom-made long-distance scaling software showed that the levels of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), ground level ozone (O3), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were traffic related. These pollutants were used to calculate the Air Quality Health Index-Plus (AQHI+) at each location, highlighting the inability of the provincial air quality monitoring station to detect hotspot areas in the city. The case study presented here quantified the impact of the 2021 summer wildfires on the local air quality at a high time resolution (15-min). The findings in this article show that these multisensor pods are a viable alternative to expensive research-grade equipment. The results highlight the need for networks of local scale air quality measurements, particularly in fast-growing cities in Canada.
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Stieb D, Shutt RH, Kauri LM, Mason-Renton S, Chen L, Szyszkowicz M, Dobbin NA, Rigden M, Jovic B, Mulholland M, Green MS, Liu L, Pelletier G, Weichenthal SA, Dales RE, Andrade J, Luginaah I. Associations between air pollution and cardio-respiratory physiological measures in older adults exercising outdoors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:901-914. [PMID: 31829725 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1699506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether exercising indoors vs. outdoors reduced the cardio-respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution. Adults ≥55 were randomly assigned to exercise indoors when the Air Quality Health Index was ≥5 and outdoors on other days (intervention group, n = 37), or outdoors everyday (control group, n = 35). Both groups completed cardio-respiratory measurements before and after exercise for up to 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effect regression models. In the control group, an interquartile range increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with increases of 1.4% in heart rate (standard error (SE) = 0.7%) and 5.6% (SE = 2.6%) in malondialdehyde, and decreases of 5.6% (SE = 2.5%) to 16.5% (SE = 7.5%) in heart rate variability measures. While the hypothesized benefit of indoor vs. outdoor exercise could not be demonstrated due to an insufficient number of intervention days (n = 2), the study provides evidence of short-term effects of air pollution in older adults. ISRCTN #26552763.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stieb
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robin H Shutt
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisa M Kauri
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Controlled Substances and Cannabis Branch (current), Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Mason-Renton
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Canada
- Lystek International Inc. (current), Cambridge, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nina A Dobbin
- Air Health Science Division, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit (current), Health Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Branka Jovic
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Ling Liu
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pelletier
- Hazard Identification Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Scott A Weichenthal
- Air Health Science Division, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Environmental Epidemiology Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert E Dales
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Andrade
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Canada
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Wang M, Li H, Huang S, Qian Y, Steenland K, Xie Y, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111766. [PMID: 34331919 PMCID: PMC8578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been characterized as a leading cause of mortality worldwide and has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. There is increasing evidence that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is related to adverse health effects and mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of short-term NO2 and daily mortality, which were indexed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2021. We calculated random-effects estimates by different continents and globally, and tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 87 articles in our quantitative analysis. NO2 and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis. For all-cause mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.58% (95%CI 1.28%-1.88%, I2 = 96.3%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 57) increase in the risk of death. For cause-specific mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.72% (95%CI 1.41%-2.04%, I2 = 87.4%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 42) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.05% (95%CI 1.52%-2.59%, I2 = 78.5%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 38) increase in respiratory mortality. In the sensitivity analysis, the meta-estimates for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were nearly identical. The heterogeneity would decline to varying degrees through regional and study-design stratification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between short-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Huang G, Brown PE, Fu SH, Shin HH. Daily mortality/morbidity and air quality: Using multivariate time series with seasonally varying covariances. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Huang
- Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick E. Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
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Deary ME, Griffiths SD. A novel approach to the development of 1-hour threshold concentrations for exposure to particulate matter during episodic air pollution events. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126334. [PMID: 34329015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Episodic air pollution events that occur because of wildfires, dust storms and industrial incidents can expose populations to particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the thousands of µg m-3. Such events have increased in frequency and duration over recent years, with this trend predicted to continue in the short to medium term because of climate warming. The human health cost of episodic PM events can be significant, and inflammatory responses are measurable even after only a few hours of exposure. Consequently, advice for the protection of public health should be available as quickly as possible, yet the shortest averaging period for which PM exposure guideline values (GVs) are available is 24-h. To address this problem, we have developed a novel approach, based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) statistical analysis, that derives 1-h threshold concentrations that have a probabilistic relationship with 24-h GVs. The ROC analysis was carried out on PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring data from across the US for the period 2014-2019. Validation of the model against US Air Quality Index (AQI) 24-h breakpoint concentrations for PM showed that the maximum-observed 1-h PM concentration in any rolling 24-h averaging period is an excellent predictor of exceedances of 24-h GVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Deary
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Northumbria, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Simon D Griffiths
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Northumbria, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Li D, Ji S, Guo Y, Sang N. Ambient NO 2 exposure sex-specifically impairs myelin and contributes to anxiety and depression-like behaviors of C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125836. [PMID: 34492793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NO2 is a common indoor and outdoor air pollutant, but its health effects are still controversial. Beside respiratory injury, more epidemiological studies show that inhalation of NO2 is associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. However, the causal relationship at the molecular level remains unclear. In the present study, we exposed adult C57BL/6J mice to NO2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/day) for four weeks, and found anxiety and depression-like behaviors in male mice, but not female mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum were closely associated with signal transduction pathways, such as axon guidance. Importantly, NO2 inhalation damaged the ultrastructure of myelin sheath and caused the abnormal expression of related genes in males, which partially contributed to mental disorders. We also found that prolactin (Prl), through its anti-inflammatory activity and remyelination, might play a major role in the sex-specific neurobehavioral disorder in male mice caused by NO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Cao R, Wang Y, Pan X, Jin X, Huang J, Li G. Estimating Short- and Long-Term Associations Between Air Quality Index and COVID-19 Transmission: Evidence From 257 Chinese Cities. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:1604215. [PMID: 34366765 PMCID: PMC8333027 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1604215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the long- and short-term effects of air pollution on COVID-19 transmission simultaneously, especially in high air pollution level countries. Methods: Quasi-Poisson regression was applied to estimate the association between exposure to air pollution and daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19, with mutual adjustment for long- and short-term air quality index (AQI). The independent effects were also estimated and compared. We further assessed the modification effect of within-city migration (WM) index to the associations. Results: We found a significant 1.61% (95%CI: 0.51%, 2.72%) and 0.35% (95%CI: 0.24%, 0.46%) increase in daily confirmed cases per 1 unit increase in long- and short-term AQI. Higher estimates were observed for long-term impact. The stratifying result showed that the association was significant when the within-city migration index was low. A 1.25% (95%CI: 0.0.04%, 2.47%) and 0.41% (95%CI: 0.30%, 0.52%) increase for long- and short-term effect respectively in low within-city migration index was observed. Conclusions: There existed positive associations between long- and short-term AQI and COVID-19 transmission, and within-city migration index modified the association. Our findings will be of strategic significance for long-run COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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