1
|
Bongers R, Rochus CM, Houlahan K, Lynch C, Oliveira GA, de Oliveira HR, van Staaveren N, Kelton DF, Miglior F, Schenkel FS, Baes CF. Estimation of genetic parameters and genome-wide association study for enzootic bovine leukosis resistance in Canadian Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01163-9. [PMID: 39343214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (leukosis) frequently observed in North American dairy herds. Infection with BLV can lead to persistent lymphocytosis and tumors, and is associated with decreased production, immunity and fertility. With no available treatment or vaccine, reducing the prevalence of leukosis through management and culling has not yet been successful. Genetic selection could contribute to permanent improvement in dairy cattle resistance to leukosis. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and impact of leukosis in Canada, and to assess the potential for including leukosis resistance in Canadian national genetic evaluations by characterizing the genetic architecture of leukosis resistance using pedigree and genomic information. A total of 117,349 milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test records on 96,779 Holstein cows from 950 Canadian herds taken between 2007 and 2021 were provided by Lactanet Canada (Guelph, ON, Canada). Each cow was classified as test-positive for leukosis or test-negative for leukosis. Leukosis was present in approximately 77% of herds tested; within those herds, an average of 39% of cows tested were test positive for leukosis. Heritabilities of 0.10 (SE = 0.001) and 0.07 (SE <0.001) were estimated for leukosis resistance using a linear animal model and BLUP or single-step GBLUP methodology, respectively. Breeding value correlations were estimated between leukosis resistance and economically important and phenotypically relevant traits. Most correlations between leukosis resistance and traits already included in Canadian genetic evaluations were favorable, with the exception of somatic cell score. The candidate genes for leukosis resistance identified using a genome-wide association study, were on chromosome 23, with some being part of the major histocompatibility complex. This study showed that genetic evaluation for leukosis resistance is possible, and could be considered for inclusion in Canadian national selection indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Bongers
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christina M Rochus
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kerry Houlahan
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Colin Lynch
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gerson A Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nienke van Staaveren
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David F Kelton
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christine F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pluta A, Jaworski JP, Droscha C, VanderWeele S, Taxis TM, Valas S, Brnić D, Jungić A, Ruano MJ, Sánchez A, Murakami K, Nakamura K, Puentes R, De Brun ML, Ruiz V, Gómez MEL, Lendez P, Dolcini G, Camargos MF, Fonseca A, Barua S, Wang C, Giza A, Kuźmak J. Inter-laboratory comparison of eleven quantitative or digital PCR assays for detection of proviral bovine leukemia virus in blood samples. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:381. [PMID: 39187880 PMCID: PMC11346035 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis and causes a persistent infection that can leave cattle with no symptoms. Many countries have been able to successfully eradicate BLV through improved detection and management methods. However, with the increasing novel molecular detection methods there have been few efforts to standardize these results at global scale. This study aimed to determine the interlaboratory accuracy and agreement of 11 molecular tests in detecting BLV. Each qPCR/ddPCR method varied by target gene, primer design, DNA input and chemistries. DNA samples were extracted from blood of BLV-seropositive cattle and lyophilized to grant a better preservation during shipping to all participants around the globe. Twenty nine out of 44 samples were correctly identified by the 11 labs and all methods exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity between 74 and 100%. Agreement amongst different assays was linked to BLV copy numbers present in samples and the characteristics of each assay (i.e., BLV target sequence). Finally, the mean correlation value for all assays was within the range of strong correlation. This study highlights the importance of continuous need for standardization and harmonization amongst assays and the different participants. The results underscore the need of an international calibrator to estimate the efficiency (standard curve) of the different assays and improve quantitation accuracy. Additionally, this will inform future participants about the variability associated with emerging chemistries, methods, and technologies used to study BLV. Altogether, by improving tests performance worldwide it will positively aid in the eradication efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pluta
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, 24-100, Poland.
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Juan Pablo Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Casey Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative, 4200 Forest Rd, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | | | - Tasia M Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Stephen Valas
- Niort Laboratory, Unit Pathology and Welfare of Ruminants, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Ploufragan-Plouzané, Niort, France
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Andreja Jungić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - María José Ruano
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Carretera M-106 (Km 1,4), Madrid, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Azucena Sánchez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Carretera M-106 (Km 1,4), Madrid, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kurumi Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Puentes
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Microbiología, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8, Km 18, Montevideo, 13000, Uruguay
| | - MLaureana De Brun
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Microbiología, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8, Km 18, Montevideo, 13000, Uruguay
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marla Eliana Ladera Gómez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Lendez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Dolcini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Antônio Fonseca
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA
| | - Aleksandra Giza
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuźmak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrestha S, Orsel K, Droscha C, Mijar S, van der Meer F. Removing bovine leukemia virus-infected animals with high proviral load leads to lower within-herd prevalence and new case reduction. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6015-6024. [PMID: 38554820 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bovine leukosis is prevalent in the North American dairy industry, and its effect on animal health and production is widely documented. However, not all bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected animals transmit the virus equally. Animals with high proviral loads (HPL) of BLV are associated with higher transmission risks, and therefore, their removal may reduce transmission and eventually within-herd prevalence. We aimed to evaluate the impact of selectively removing HPL cows on the within-herd BLV prevalence and incidence rate of BLV infection in 10 dairy herds. Annual blood or milk samples (or both) were collected from adult cows over 3 yr. Positivity with BLV were determined by ELISA tests, and proviral loads in blood of BLV-positive animals were estimated with BLV SS1 quantitative PCR assays. Herd managers were encouraged to consider the proviral load when making culling decisions and implement BLV control practices. Cows with high proviral load had the highest relative risk of removal, indicating the farmers prioritized HPL cows for culling. The within-herd BLV prevalence decreased significantly in 4 herds, whereas BLV incidence rate decreased in 9 herds. Over the 3 yr, the proviral load demonstrated a relatively stable level, suggesting a single proviral load test in an adult cow may suffice to make culling decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulav Shrestha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Casey Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative Inc., East Lansing, MI 48910
| | - Sanjaya Mijar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benavides B, Monti G. Bovine leukemia virus transmission rates in persistent lymphocytotic infected dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1367810. [PMID: 39086766 PMCID: PMC11288960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1367810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) establishes a lifelong persistent infection in dairy cattle. White blood cell count (WBC) is correlated with proviral load in the blood and milk of BLV-infected cattle, and testing WBC can be used to assess both BLV infectiousness levels and risk of BLV transmission from different types of infected animals. The objective of the study was to compare effective transmission rates (β) and the basic reproduction ratio (R o) among two types of BLV-infected dairy cows in Chile: those affected with persistent lymphocytosis (PL) vs. aleukemic (AL).The estimated (β) coefficient was higher in PL cattle [1.1; 95% Confidence interval (CI) (-1.6, 3.8)], compared to AL cattle (-3.1; 95% CI = -3.7, -2.5). In addition, the R o was higher in PL cattle (60.4; 95% CI = 3.5; 820.6), compared to AL cattle (1.5; 95% CI = 0.7, 3.1). The ratio between PL/AL expected rate of cases was 73.9. The estimated effective transmission rate and the Ro were higher in PL cattle compared to AL cattle. The WBC test is a convenient alternative that can be considered for risk identification and risk management of BLV infection in dairy herds; particularly in livestock regions where laboratory capacity is limited (e.g., use of PCR or gene sequencing techniques) and/or molecular tests are not cost-effective. Therefore, when prevalence of infection is high, the removal of PL cattle should be engaged to control BLV within-herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Benavides
- Animal Health Department, University of Nariño, San Juan de Pasto, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watanuki S, Shoji K, Izawa M, Okami M, Ye Y, Bao A, Liu Y, Saitou E, Sugiyama K, Endo M, Matsumoto Y, Aida Y. Development of Dry and Liquid Duplex Reagent Mix-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays as Novel Tools for the Rapid and Easy Quantification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Proviral Loads. Viruses 2024; 16:1016. [PMID: 39066179 PMCID: PMC11281531 DOI: 10.3390/v16071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is prevalent worldwide, causing serious problems in the cattle industry. The BLV proviral load (PVL) is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. We previously developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the PVL using the coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers. Here, we constructed a novel duplex BLV-CoCoMo qPCR assay that can amplify two genes simultaneously using a FAM-labeled MGB probe for the BLV LTR gene and a VIC-labeled MGB probe for the BoLA-DRA gene. This liquid duplex assay maintained its original sensitivity and reproducibility in field samples. Furthermore, we developed a dry duplex assay composed of PCR reagents necessary for the optimized liquid duplex assay. We observed a strong positive correlation between the PVLs measured using the dry and liquid duplex assays. Validation analyses showed that the sensitivity of the dry duplex assay was slightly lower than that of the other methods for the detection of a BLV molecular clone, but it showed similar sensitivity to the singleplex assay and slightly higher sensitivity than the liquid duplex assay for the PVL quantification of 82 field samples. Thus, our liquid and dry duplex assays are useful for measuring the BLV PVL in field samples, similar to the original singleplex assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Watanuki
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
| | - Kazuyuki Shoji
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., 2-8-16 Toiya-machi, Toyama 930-0834, Japan
| | - Masaki Izawa
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., 2-8-16 Toiya-machi, Toyama 930-0834, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Okami
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., 2-8-16 Toiya-machi, Toyama 930-0834, Japan
| | - Yingbao Ye
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
| | - Aronggaowa Bao
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
| | - Yulin Liu
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
| | - Etsuko Saitou
- Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Meat Inspection Center, 49-18 Shitoorinagata, Minamiawaji 656-0152, Japan
| | | | - Michiru Endo
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya 360-0813, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamada R, Fereig RM, Metwally S. The influence of risk factors on bovine leukemia virus infection and proviral load in egyptian cattle. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:191-202. [PMID: 37610507 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which affects cattle globally. In Egypt, BLV control strategies have been ignored because of the shortage of BLV research studies and the silent infection in most animals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of BLV among dairy and beef cattle from six different geographic and climatic provinces in Egypt. Additionally, risk factors affecting the BLV proviral load (PVL) among the positive cattle were targeted. The total BLV prevalence in cattle from six investigated Egyptian provinces was 24.2% (105/433), while the mean PVL (8651.6 copies /105 white blood cells) was absolutely high as estimated by the BLV-CoCoMo-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-2 assay. Analysis of the influence of risk factors (age, sex, breed, production type, farm size, and location) on BLV prevalence indicated that the Holstein breed (OR = 1.582, p = 0.007), beef cattle (OR = 1.088, p = 0.0001), large-size farms (OR = 1.26, p = 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (OR = 1.43, p = 0.0001) and Cairo (OR = 1.16, p = 0.0001) were ultimately proven the most important risks for BLV infection. The risk factors were analyzed considering the BLV PVL levels in the BLV-positive cases. Significantly high PVL (HPVL) levels were observed in cattle > 5 years old (p < 0.0001), females (p = 0.0008), Holstein (p < 0.0001), dairy cows (p = 0.0053), large-size farms (p < 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (p < 0.0001) compared to other categories. Contrary, no significant differences in PVL levels were reported between the Native and Mixed cattle breeds (p = 0.13). Ultimately, the logistic regression model indicated that the probability of carrying HPVL in cattle > 5 years is 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03-2.09, p < 0.001) times more likely compared to cattle < 2 years old. In conclusion, the findings were valuably correlating the BLV prevalence with PVL as an indicator of the risk of BLV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Ragab M Fereig
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena City, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shrestha S, Orsel K, Barkema HW, Martins L, Shrestha S, van der Meer F. Effects of bovine leukemia virus seropositivity and proviral load on milk, fat, and protein production of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:530-539. [PMID: 37709045 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, as determined by BLV seropositivity and proviral load, on 305-d milk, fat, and protein production of dairy cows. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,712 cows from 9 dairy herds in Alberta, Canada. The BLV status was assessed using an antibody ELISA, whereas BLV proviral load in BLV-seropositive cattle was determined with quantitative PCR. Dairy Herd Improvement 305-d milk, fat, and protein production data were obtained for all enrolled cattle. Differences in these milk end points were assessed in 2 ways: first, by categorizing cows based on BLV serostatus (i.e., BLV positive or negative), and second, by categorizing based on BLV proviral load (i.e., BLV negative, low proviral load [LPL] BLV positive, and high proviral load [HPL] BLV positive). A mixed-effect multivariable linear regression model was used to assess differences in milk parameters. We found that BLV positivity, adjusted for parity and natural log-transformed somatic cell count (SCC), was not associated with reduction in 305-d milk, fat, or protein production. However, significant reductions in 305-d milk, fat, and protein yield occurred in HPL cows, but not in LPL cows, compared with BLV-negative cows, when adjusted for parity number and natural log-transformed SCC. In summary, BLV proviral load may predict effects of BLV infection on milk, fat, and protein production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulav Shrestha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Larissa Martins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Samita Shrestha
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamada R, Metwally S, Matsuura R, Borjigin L, Lo CW, Ali AO, Mohamed AEA, Wada S, Aida Y. BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism Associated with Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection and Proviral Load in Holstein Cattle in Egypt. Pathogens 2023; 12:1451. [PMID: 38133334 PMCID: PMC10746042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most prevalent neoplastic disease of cattle worldwide. The immune response to BLV and disease susceptibility and resistance in cattle are strongly correlated with the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 allelic polymorphism. BLV infection continues to spread in Egypt, in part because the relationships between BLV infection, proviral load in Egypt, and BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism are unknown. Here, we identified 18 previously reported alleles in 121 Holstein cows using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method. Furthermore, BoLA-DRB3 gene polymorphisms in these animals were investigated for their influence on viral infection. BoLA-DRB3*015:01 and BoLA-DRB3*010:01 were identified as susceptible and resistant alleles, respectively, for BLV infection in the tested Holsteins. In addition, BoLA-DRB3*012:01 was associated with low PVL in previous reports but high PVL in Holstein cattle in Egypt. This study is the first to demonstrate that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism confers resistance and susceptibility to PVL and infections of BLV in Holstein cattle in Egypt. Our results can be useful for the disease control and eradication of BLV through genetic selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City 22511, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City 22511, Egypt
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Alsagher O. Ali
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City 83523, Egypt; (A.O.A.); (A.E.A.M.)
| | - Adel E. A. Mohamed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City 83523, Egypt; (A.O.A.); (A.E.A.M.)
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (R.H.); (S.M.); (R.M.); (L.B.); (C.-W.L.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borjigin L, Watanuki S, Hamada R, Bai L, Hirose T, Sato H, Yoneyama S, Yasui A, Yasuda S, Yamanaka R, Mimura M, Baba M, Inokuma M, Fujita K, Shinozaki Y, Tanaka N, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Effectiveness of integrated bovine leukemia virus eradication strategies utilizing cattle carrying resistant and susceptible major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3 alleles. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9393-9409. [PMID: 37641252 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has spread worldwide and causes serious problems in the cattle industry owing to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Bovine leukemia virus is transmitted via horizontal and vertical infection, and cattle with high BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk, are considered major infectious sources within herds. The PVL strongly correlates with highly polymorphic bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles. The BoLA-DRB3*015:01 and *012:01 alleles are known susceptibility-associated markers related to high PVL, and cattle with susceptible alleles may be at a high risk of BLV transmission via direct contact with healthy cows. In contrast, the BoLA-DRB3*009:02 and *014:01:01 alleles comprise resistant markers associated with the development of low PVL, and cattle with resistant alleles may be low-risk spreaders for BLV transmission and disrupt the BLV transmission chain. However, whether polymorphisms in BoLA-DRB3 are useful for BLV eradication in farms remains unknown. Here, we conducted a validation trial of the integrated BLV eradication strategy to prevent new infection by resistant cattle and actively eliminate susceptible cattle in addition to conventional BLV eradication strategies to maximally reduce the BLV prevalence and PVL using a total of 342 cattle at 4 stall-barn farms in Japan from 2017 to 2019. First, we placed the resistant milking cattle between the BLV-positive and BLV-negative milking cattle in a stall barn for 3 yr. Interestingly, the resistant cattle proved to be an effective biological barrier to successfully block the new BLV infections in the stall-barn system among all 4 farms. Concomitantly, we actively eliminated cattle with high PVL, especially susceptible cattle. Indeed, 39 of the 60 susceptible cattle (65%), 76 of the 140 neutral cattle (54%), and 20 of the 41 resistant cattle (48.8%) were culled on 4 farms for 3 years. Consequently, BLV prevalence and mean PVL decreased in all 4 farms. In particular, one farm achieved BLV-free status in May 2020. By decreasing the number of BLV-positive animals, the revenue-enhancing effect was estimated to be ¥5,839,262 ($39,292.39) for the 4 farms over 3 yr. Our results suggest that an integrated BLV eradication program utilization of resistant cattle as a biological barrier and the preferential elimination of susceptible cattle are useful for BLV infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Sonoko Watanuki
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rania Hamada
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoneyama
- Kenou Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan
| | - Anna Yasui
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan
| | - Sohei Yasuda
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan
| | - Risa Yamanaka
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan
| | - Munehito Mimura
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan
| | - Miho Baba
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Fujita
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Chiba 262-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinozaki
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0033, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan..
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inenaga T, Fukuoka K, Sumida M, Aiba S, Nishikaku K, Matsuno Y, Kobayashi T, Imakawa K. Low proviral load in the Kumamoto strain of Japanese Brown cattle infected with the bovine leukemia virus. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:185. [PMID: 37784057 PMCID: PMC10544446 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kumamoto strain of Japanese Brown (JBRK) cattle is a sub-breed of Wagyu and has a different genetic background than that of Japanese Black (JB) cattle. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the pathogen causing enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), the predominant type of bovine leukosis (BL). EBL is one of the most common bovine infectious diseases in dairy countries, including Japan. Some host genetic factors, including the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 gene, have been associated with the proviral load (PVL) of BLV and/or onset of EBL. Here, we determined the number of BL cases by analyzing prefectural case records in detail. We measured the PVL of BLV-infected JBRK cattle and compared it with that obtained for other major breeds, JB and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle. Finally, the relationship between PVL levels and BoLA-DRB3 haplotypes was investigated in BLV-infected JBRK cattle. RESULTS We determined the number of BL cases recorded over the past ten years in Kumamoto Prefecture by cattle breed. A limited number of BL cases was observed in JBRK cattle. The proportion of BL cases in the JBRK was lower than that in JB and HF. The PVL was significantly lower in BLV-infected JBRK cattle than that in the JB and HF breeds. Finally, in BLV-infected JBRK cattle, the PVL was not significantly affected by BoLA-DRB3 alleles and haplotypes. BoLA-DRB3 allelic frequency did not differ between BLV-infected JBRK cattle with low PVL and high PVL. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that BL occurred less in the JBRK population of Kumamoto Prefecture. After BLV-infection, the PVL was significantly lower in JBRK cattle than that in JB and HF breeds. The genetic factors implicated in maintaining a low PVL have yet to be elucidated, but the BoLA-DRB3 haplotypes are likely not involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Inenaga
- Laboratory of Animal Management Science, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Sugido 871-12, Mashiki, Kumamoto, 861-2205, Japan.
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Toroku 9-1-1, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan.
| | - Koh Fukuoka
- Kumamoto Prefectural Central Kumamoto Livestock Sanitation Center, Shizume 1666-1, Jonan-machi, Minami-kuKumamoto, 861-4215, Japan
| | - Mikiya Sumida
- Laboratory of Animal Management Science, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Sugido 871-12, Mashiki, Kumamoto, 861-2205, Japan
| | - Sakiko Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Management Science, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Sugido 871-12, Mashiki, Kumamoto, 861-2205, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishikaku
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuno
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Toroku 9-1-1, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y., United States
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Toroku 9-1-1, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Quadros DL, Ribeiro VA, Rezende MA, Maté YA, Gomes MA, Secchi K, Strottmann DM, Frandoloso R, Kreutz LC. Oncogenic viral DNA related to human breast cancer found on cattle milk and meat. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102053. [PMID: 37672958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a major cause of lymphoma in cattle and has been recently correlated to breast cancer in humans. How and whether BLV might reach humans remains unknown but it could be through cattle-derived milk and meat. Here our aim was to investigate whether BLV DNA could be found in fresh milk and raw meat destined to human consumption and whether anti-BLV antibodies could be detected in human blood at the same geographical region. Milk (n = 36) and meat (n = 54) samples were collected from cows knowingly seropositive or negative to BLV and evaluated by nested PCR targeting BLV tax gene. Human serum samples (n = 900) were tested by ELISA to detect anti-BLV antibodies. BLV DNA was detected in 39 % of the milk samples and in 32 % of meat samples from BLV positive cows. Anti-BLV antibodies were found in 4.1 % of the human serum samples. Our data further supports the hypothesis that BLV might cause a zoonotic infection and indicate that milk and meat from BLV-infected cattle might be considered a potential source of infection to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lazzari de Quadros
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Agnoletto Ribeiro
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Antunes Rezende
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Ampese Maté
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alexandro Gomes
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Katia Secchi
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Maria Strottmann
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz), Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3773, CEP 81350-010 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kreutz
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu X, Notsu K, Matsuura Y, Mitoma S, El Daous H, Norimine J, Sekiguchi S. Development of droplet digital PCR for quantification of bovine leukemia virus proviral load using unpurified genomic DNA. J Virol Methods 2023; 315:114706. [PMID: 36849053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of a B-cell tumor called enzootic bovine leukosis. Preventing BLV spreading is required to reduce economic loss related to BLV infection of livestock. To quantify proviral load (PVL) more easily and rapidly, we developed a quantification system of PVL using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). This method uses a multiplex TaqMan assay of the BLV provirus and housekeeping gene RPP30 for the quantification of BLV in BLV-infected cells. Furthermore, we combined ddPCR with DNA purification-free sample preparation (unpurified genomic DNA). The percentage of BLV-infected cells based on unpurified genomic DNA was highly correlated with that based on purified genomic DNA (correlation coefficient: 0.906). Thus, this new technique is a suitable method to quantify PVL of BLV-infected cattle in a large sample number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Notsu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Matsuura
- Division of Infectious Animal Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hala El Daous
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Taxis TM, Harbowy RM, Niles D, Sporer KR, Bartlett PC. Controlling bovine leukemia virus in a large dairy herd by selective culling based on diagnostic testing. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2022-02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
In the transmission control of chronic and untreatable livestock diseases such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, the removal of viral superspreaders is a fundamental approach. On the other hand, selective breeding of cattle with BLV-resistant capacity is also critical for reducing the viral damage to productivity by keeping infected cattle. To provide a way of measuring BLV proviral load (PVL) and identifying susceptible/resistant cattle simply and rapidly, we developed a fourplex droplet digital PCR method targeting the BLV pol gene, BLV-susceptible bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA)-DRB3*016:01 allele, resistant DRB3*009:02 allele, and housekeeping RPP30 gene (IPATS-BLV). IPATS-BLV successfully measured the percentage of BLV-infected cells and determined allele types precisely. Furthermore, it discriminated homozygous from heterozygous carriers. Using this method to determine the impact of carrying these alleles on the BLV PVL, we found DRB3*009:02-carrying cattle could suppress the PVL to a low or undetectable level, even with the presence of a susceptible heterozygous allele. Although the population of DRB3*016:01-carrying cattle showed significantly higher PVLs compared with cattle carrying other alleles, their individual PVLs were highly variable. Because of the simplicity and speed of this single-well assay, our method has the potential of being a suitable platform for the combined diagnosis of pathogen level and host biomarkers in other infectious diseases satisfying the two following characteristics of disease outcomes: (i) pathogen level acts as a critical maker of disease progression; and (ii) impactful disease-related host genetic biomarkers are already identified. IMPORTANCE While pathogen-level quantification is an important diagnostic of disease severity and transmissibility, disease-related host biomarkers are also useful in predicting outcomes in infectious diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that combined proviral load (PVL) and host biomarker diagnostics can be used to detect bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, which has a negative economic impact on the cattle industry. We developed a fourplex droplet digital PCR assay for PVL of BLV and susceptible and resistant host genes named IPATS-BLV. IPATS-BLV has inherent merits in measuring PVL and identifying susceptible and resistant cattle with superior simplicity and speed because of a single-well assay. Our new laboratory technique contributes to strengthening risk-based herd management used to control within-herd BLV transmission. Furthermore, this assay design potentially improves the diagnostics of other infectious diseases by combining the pathogen level and disease-related host genetic biomarker to predict disease outcomes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pereira JG, Silva CDA, Silva LD, Lima CAA, do Rosário CJRM, Silva EMC, Oliveira MDSC, Ribeiro LSDS, Santos HP, Abreu-Silva AL, Melo FA. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle in northeastern Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1080994. [PMID: 36713884 PMCID: PMC9880491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic viral disease of wide distribution in cattle herds and may take several years for the first manifestation of clinical signs. Most animals do not present clinical signs. However, the economic losses are underestimated due to this disease. Thus, this work aimed to detect and characterize BLV in dairy cattle in the Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 176 animals from 8 municipalities in the southeastern state of Maranhão. Bovine blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and molecular diagnosis using nested PCR assays for BLV, targeting gp51 gene. Positive samples were then sequenced and then subjected to phylogenetic inferences. BLV DNA was detected in 16 cattle (16/176, 9.09%) in 4 municipalities. Phylogenetic analyzes showed that the sequence obtained clustered in a clade containing BLV sequences classified as genotype 6, with a high degree of support. Our data shows BLV occurrence in the Northeast of Brazil and the identification of genotype 6 in this region. These findings contribute to the molecular epidemiology of this agent in Brazil.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kohara J, Bai L, Takeshima SN, Matsumoto Y, Hirai T, Aida Y. Correlation between the Biodistribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Organs and the Proviral Load in the Peripheral Blood during Early Stages of Experimentally Infected Cattle. Pathogens 2023; 12:130. [PMID: 36678478 PMCID: PMC9867250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. However, the propagation and distribution of BLV after primary infection still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we experimentally infected seven cattle with BLV and analyzed the BLV proviral load (PVL) in the blood and various organs. BLV was first detected in the blood of the cattle after one week, and the blood PVL increased for three weeks after infection. The PVL was maintained at a high level in five cattle, while it decreased to a low or medium level in two cattle. BLV was distributed in various organs, such as the heart, lung, liver, kidney, abomasum, and thymus, and, notably, in the spleen and lymph nodes. In cattle with a high blood PVL, BLV was detected in organs other than the spleen and lymph nodes, whereas in those with a low blood PVL, BLV was only detected in the spleen and lymph nodes. The amount of BLV in the organs was comparable to that in the blood. Our findings point to the possibility of estimating the distribution of BLV provirus in organs, lymph nodes, and body fluids by measuring the blood PVL, as it was positively correlated with the biodistribution of BLV provirus in the body of BLV infection during early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kohara
- Animal Health Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku 081-0038, Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsunao Hirai
- Animal Health Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku 081-0038, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sato H, Fukui JN, Hirano H, Osada H, Arimura Y, Masuda M, Aida Y. Application of the Luminescence Syncytium Induction Assay to Identify Chemical Compounds That Inhibit Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36680045 PMCID: PMC9861517 DOI: 10.3390/v15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection causes endemic bovine leukemia and lymphoma, resulting in lower carcass weight and reduced milk production by the infected cattle, leading to economic losses. Without effective measures for treatment and prevention, high rates of BLV infection can cause problems worldwide. BLV research is limited by the lack of a model system to assay infection. To overcome this, we previously developed the luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), a highly sensitive and objectively quantifiable method for visualizing BLV infectivity. In this study, we applied LuSIA for the high-throughput screening of drugs that could inhibit BLV infection. We screened 625 compounds from a chemical library using LuSIA and identified two that markedly inhibited BLV replication. We then tested the chemical derivatives of those two compounds and identified BSI-625 and -679 as potent inhibitors of BLV replication with low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, BSI-625 and -679 appeared to inhibit different steps of the BLV lifecycle. Thus, LuSIA was applied to successfully identify inhibitors of BLV replication and may be useful for the development of anti-BLV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-na Fukui
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakatsuchi A, Bao A, Watanuki S, Matsuura R, Borjigin L, Bai L, Kuroda M, Matsumoto Y, Kohara J, Aida Y. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey correlate with bovine leukemia virus disease progression and BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1038101. [PMID: 36504869 PMCID: PMC9732667 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1038101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae and is a causative agent for enzootic bovine leucosis, the most common neoplastic disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV proviral load (PVL) is associated with disease progression and transmission risk but requires blood collection and quantitative PCR testing. Anti-BLV antibodies in whey have been used as a diagnostic tool for BLV infection; however, quantitative utilization has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 is a polymorphic gene associated with BLV infectivity and PVL, but its effect on anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV infected dams is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether it is possible to correctly predict PVL in the blood and milk based on the amount of anti-BLV antibodies in milk, and whether the BoLA-DRB3 alleles associate with the amount of anti-BLV antibodies in milk. Methods We examined whey from 442 dams from 11 different dairy farms located in 6 prefectures in Japan, including susceptible dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3* 012:01 or * 015:01 allele related with high PVL, resistant dams carrying at least one BoLA-DRB3 * 002:01, * 009:02, or * 014:01:01 allele related with low PVL, and neutral dams carrying other alleles. Results First, our results provided compelling evidence that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey were positively correlated with the anti-BLV antibody levels in serum and with BLV PVL in blood and milk, indicating the possibility of estimating BLV PVL in blood and milk by measuring anti-BLV antibody levels in whey. Thus, our results showed that antibody titers in milk might be effective for estimating BLV transmission risk and disease progression in the field. Second, we demonstrated that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV resistant dams were significantly lower than those from susceptible and neutral dams. Discussion This is the first report suggesting that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism affects anti-BLV antibody levels in whey from BLV-infected dams. Taken together, our results suggested that anti-BLV antibody levels in whey, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, may be a useful marker to diagnose the risk of BLV infection and estimate PVL in blood and milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakatsuchi
- Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-Noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Sakura, Japan,Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aronggaowa Bao
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Watanuki
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Maho Kuroda
- Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-Noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Sakura, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kohara
- Agriculture Research Department, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Japan,Junko Kohara
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Japan,*Correspondence: Yoko Aida
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
John EE, Droscha C, Cameron M, Stryhn H, Keefe G, McClure JT. Development of a predictive model for bovine leukemia virus proviral load. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1827-1836. [PMID: 35950569 PMCID: PMC9511096 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background There is currently no commercially available method in Canada to identify bovine leukemia virus (BLV)‐positive cows with high proviral load (PVL). Objectives First, develop a model to predict PVL using common, commercially available, cost‐effective diagnostic tests. Second, investigate the relationship between lymphocyte count and PVL in BLV‐positive cows. Animals A total of 339 BLV‐positive and 62 BLV‐seronegative cows on 15 dairy farms. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Blood and milk samples were collected from all lactating BLV‐positive cows on each farm and 5 to 10 BLV‐seronegative cows depending on herd size. Blood and milk samples were tested for anti‐BLV antibodies using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Complete blood counts were performed on blood samples, and standard components analyses were obtained for milk samples. Proviral load was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for each cow. Results The inverse of lymphocyte count, the square of the inverse of lymphocyte count, and milk ELISA percent positivity were positively associated with increasing PVL in BLV‐positive cows. For BLV‐positive cows, lymphocyte count >5.2 × 109/L predicted a high PVL (BLV:Bovine DNA of >1 in blood) with a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 79.8%. For BLV‐positive cows, white blood cell count >10.8 × 109/L predicted a high PVL, with a sensitivity of 85.5% and a specificity of 83.6%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Based on these results, producers can implement commonly available diagnostic tests to identify cows with high probability of having high PVL, which may help in designing effective disease control strategies for BLV‐positive herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E John
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Casey Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marguerite Cameron
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Greg Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suprovych TM, Salyha YT, Suprovych MP, Fedorovych EI, Fedorovych VV, Chornyj IO. Genetic Polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3.2 Locus in Ukrainian Cattle Breeds. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Tomiyasu T, Mori H, Okazaki K. Epidemiological evidence for early-onset of enzootic bovine leukosis by L233-Tax-carrying bovine leukemia virus in Japanese Black cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1216-1220. [PMID: 35831122 PMCID: PMC9523299 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), of which annual number has rapidly increased in Japan, and it can be divided into two categories based
on the amino acid at position 233 in the Tax protein. Here, we conducted a nationwide surveillance of Japanese Black cattle between 2008 and 2021 in Japan. Among 237 tumor samples, 131
(55.3%) and 101 (42.6%) were harbored L233- and P233-Tax, respectively. Onset of EBL under the age of 3 years by L233-Tax-carrying BLV was frequently observed, especially in the animals born
via embryo transfer. We also found that L233-Tax-carrying BLV was more prevalent in dairy areas than non-dairy areas. These findings give insight into prevention of EBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tomiyasu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Katsunori Okazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Benavides B, Monti G. Assessment of Natural Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Dairies from Southern Chile. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1734. [PMID: 35804632 PMCID: PMC9264828 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that affects cattle worldwide. A longitudinal study was conducted with the aim to (a) estimate the incidence rate of the BLV infection of dairy farms in the regions of Los Ríos and Los Lagos (Chile), and (b) describe the frequency and epidemiological association of risk management practices related to new cases in cattle on dairy farms in Southern Chile. Infection status was based on commercial blocking ELISA results, on serum and milk. Individual information on animals and management practices was extracted from farm records, and then the most likely date of infection for new cases was estimated. The number of new infections was used to calculate the within-herd incidence rate. Adult animals had an incidence rate of 1.16 (95% CI 0.96; 1.20) cases per 100 cow-months at risk, while for young animals it was 0.64 (95% CI 0.44; 1.00) cases per 100 animal-months at risk. Rectal palpation, artificial insemination, and injections were the most common practices related to infection. Further studies are needed to determine if these are the only practices that facilitate spreading or if there are other practices that can be handled better in order to reduce the spread of BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Benavides
- Animal Health Department, University of Nariño, San Juan de Pasto 52001, Colombia;
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research, 6702 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Brun ML, Cosme B, Petersen M, Alvarez I, Folgueras-Flatschart A, Flatschart R, Panei CJ, Puentes R. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for quantification of the proviral load of bovine leukemia virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:439-447. [PMID: 35369822 PMCID: PMC9254064 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221085581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a highly sensitive tool developed for the detection and quantification of short-sequence variants—a tool that offers unparalleled precision enabling measurement of smaller-fold changes. We describe here the use of ddPCR for the detection of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) DNA provirus. Serum samples and whole blood from experimentally infected sheep and naturally infected cattle were analyzed through ddPCR to detect the BLV gp51 gene, and then compared with serologic and molecular tests. The ddPCR assay was significantly more accurate and sensitive than AGID, ELISA, nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. The limit of detection of ddPCR was 3.3 copies/µL, detecting positive experimentally infected sheep beginning at 6 d post-infection. The ddPCR methodology offers a promising tool for evaluating the BLV proviral load, particularly for the detection of low viral loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María L. De Brun
- Instituto de Patobiología, Unidad de Microbiología, Facultad de Veterinaria–Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Cosme
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología, Calidad y Tecnología (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Petersen
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Roberto Flatschart
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología, Calidad y Tecnología (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Javier Panei
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Puentes
- Instituto de Patobiología, Unidad de Microbiología, Facultad de Veterinaria–Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dolinski AC, Homola JJ, Jankowski MD, Robinson JD, Owen JC. Differential gene expression reveals host factors for viral shedding variation in mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103:10.1099/jgv.0.001724. [PMID: 35353676 PMCID: PMC10519146 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding impacts disease transmission dynamics; therefore, understanding the host factors associated with individual variation in pathogen shedding is key to controlling and preventing outbreaks. In this study, ileum and bursa of Fabricius tissues of wild-bred mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) were evaluated at various post-infection time points to determine genetic host factors associated with intraspecific variation in viral shedding. By analysing transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq), we found that LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards do not exhibit differential gene expression compared to uninfected birds, but that gene expression was associated with cloacal viral shedding quantity early in the infection. In both tissues, immune gene expression was higher in high/moderate shedding birds compared to low shedding birds, and significant positive relationships with viral shedding were observed. In the ileum, expression for host genes involved in viral cell entry was lower in low shedders compared to moderate shedders at 1 day post-infection (DPI), and expression for host genes promoting viral replication was higher in high shedders compared to low shedders at 2 DPI. Our findings indicate that viral shedding is a key factor for gene expression differences in LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards, and the genes identified in this study could be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Dolinski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jared J. Homola
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mark D. Jankowski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle,
WA 98101
| | - John D. Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jennifer C. Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukemia Virus with the Evidence of a New Genotype Circulating in Cattle from Kazakhstan. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020180. [PMID: 35215125 PMCID: PMC8875264 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and has worldwide distribution. Infections with BLV have been reported in cattle from Kazakhstan but the virus has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we detect and estimate the level of BLV proviral DNA by qPCR in DNA samples from 119 cattle naturally infected with BLV, from 18 farms located in four different geographical regions of Kazakhstan. Furthermore, we conducted the phylogenetic and molecular analysis of 41 BLV env-gp51 gene sequences from BLV infected cattle. Phylogenetic analysis showed the affiliation of sequences to two already known genotypes G4 and G7 and also to a new genotype, classified as genotype G12. In addition, a multivariate method was employed for analysis of the association between proviral load and different variables such as the geographical location of the herd, cattle breeds, age of animals, and the presence of particular BLV genotypes. In summary, the results of this study provide the first evidence on molecular characterization of BLV circulating in cattle from Kazakhstan.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lohr CE, Sporer KRB, Brigham KA, Pavliscak LA, Mason MM, Borgman A, Ruggiero VJ, Taxis TM, Bartlett PC, Droscha CJ. Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010104. [PMID: 35056052 PMCID: PMC8779071 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene has shown that specific alleles associate with susceptibility or resilience to the progression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), measured by proviral load (PVL). Through surveillance of multi-farm BLV eradication field trials, we observed differential phenotypes within seropositive cows that persist from months to years. We sought to develop a multiplex next-generation sequencing workflow (NGS-SBT) capable of genotyping 384 samples per run to assess the relationship between BLV phenotype and two BoLA genes. We utilized longitudinal results from milk ELISA screening and subsequent blood collections on seropositive cows for PVL determination using a novel BLV proviral load multiplex qPCR assay to phenotype the cows. Repeated diagnostic observations defined two distinct phenotypes in our study population, ELISA-positive cows that do not harbor detectable levels of provirus and those who do have persistent proviral loads. In total, 565 cows from nine Midwest dairy farms were selected for NGS-SBT, with 558 cows: 168 BLV susceptible (ELISA-positive/PVL-positive) and 390 BLV resilient (ELISA-positive/PVL-negative) successfully genotyped. Three BoLA-DRB3 alleles, including one novel allele, were shown to associate with disease resilience, *009:02, *044:01, and *048:02 were found at rates of 97.5%, 86.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, within the phenotypically resilient population. Alternatively, DRB3*015:01 and *027:03, both known to associate with disease progression, were found at rates of 81.1% and 92.3%, respectively, within the susceptible population. This study helps solidify the immunogenetic relationship between BoLA-DRB3 alleles and BLV infection status of these two phenotypic groupings of US dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaelynne E. Lohr
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Kelly R. B. Sporer
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Kelsey A. Brigham
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Laura A. Pavliscak
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Matelyn M. Mason
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
| | | | - Vickie J. Ruggiero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (P.C.B.)
| | - Tasia M. Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Paul C. Bartlett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (P.C.B.)
| | - Casey J. Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.E.L.); (K.R.B.S.); (K.A.B.); (L.A.P.); (M.M.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (P.C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thi DL, Vu SN, Lo CW, Dao TD, Bui VN, Ogawa H, Imai K, Sugiura K, Aida Y, Haga T. Association between BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism and bovine leukemia virus proviral load in Vietnamese Holstein Friesian cattle. HLA 2021; 99:105-112. [PMID: 34854239 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Polymorphism in bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 allele can influence the host immune response to pathogens, including BLV. However, association between specific BoLA-DRB3 alleles and BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk, in Vietnamese cattle are unknown. Here, association study of BoLA-DRB3 allele frequency between cattle with high or low PVL demonstrated BoLA-DRB3*12:01 associates with high PVL in Vietnamese Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cattle. This is the first study to demonstrate that BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism confers susceptibility to BLV high PVL in HF crossbred kept in Vietnam. Our results may be useful in disease control and eradiation for BLV through genetic selection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung Le Thi
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Son Nguyen Vu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sugiura
- Laboratory of Environment Science for Sustainable Development, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Notsu K, El Daous H, Mitoma S, Norimine J, Sekiguchi S. A pooled testing system to rapidly identify cattle carrying the elite controller BoLA-DRB3*009:02 haplotype against bovine leukemia virus infection. HLA 2021; 99:12-24. [PMID: 34837483 PMCID: PMC9543338 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As genetically resistant individuals, the “elite controllers” (ECs) of human immunodeficiency virus infection have been focused on as the keys to developing further functional treatments in medicine. In the livestock production field, identifying the ECs of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle is desired to stop BLV transmission chains on farms. Cattle carrying the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)‐DRB3*009:02 allele (DRB3*009:02) have a strong possibility of being BLV ECs. Most of cattle carrying this allele maintain undetectable BLV proviral loads and do not shed virus even when infected. BLV ECs can act as transmission barriers when placed between uninfected and infected cattle in a barn. To identify cattle carrying DRB3*009:02 in large populations more easily, we developed a pooled testing system. It employs a highly sensitive, specific real‐time PCR assay and TaqMan MGB probes (DRB3*009:02‐TaqMan assay). Using this system, we determined the percentage of DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle on Kyushu Island, Japan. Our pooled testing system detected cattle carrying the DRB3*009:02 allele from a DNA pool containing one DRB3*009:02‐positive animal and 29 cattle with other alleles. Its capacity is sufficient for herd‐level screening for DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle. The DRB3*009:02‐TaqMan assay showed high‐discriminative sensitivity and specificity toward DRB3*009:02, making it suitable for identifying DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle in post‐screening tests on individuals. We determined that the percentage of DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle in Kyushu Island was 10.56%. With its ease of use and reliable detection, this new method strengthens the laboratory typing for DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle. Thus, our findings support the use of BLV ECs in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Notsu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hala El Daous
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lv G, Wang H, Wang J, Lian S, Wu R. Effect of BLV Infection on the Immune Function of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil in Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:737608. [PMID: 34631861 PMCID: PMC8495415 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.737608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukemia is a late-onset, neoplastic infection caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). BLV infection hinders the function of the immune system and induces other diseases, which negatively affects the performance and health of the infected cows. As the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogenic microorganisms, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) plays a vital role in the immune system of dairy cows. However, research on the effect of BLV infection on the immune function of PMN in dairy cows is scarce. Therefore, this experiment aimed to elucidate the effects and effect mechanisms of BLV infection on the immune function of PMN in dairy cows with different BLV provirus loads by detecting the chemotaxis, migration, adhesion, phagocytosis, respiratory burst function, and the formation of NETs. The experimental results showed that BLV infection had no significant effect on the phagocytosis of PMN but inhibited their migration and respiratory burst function, and the effects were closely related to the BLV provirus load. Under high BLV provirus load, PMN produced large amounts of NETs, chemokine CXCL7, adhesion molecule CD18, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α, triggering inflammatory responses, and tissue damage. The results of this study will help reveal the reason why BLV infection causes the high incidence of mammary gland inflammation in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanxin Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bai L, Borjigin L, Sato H, Takeshima SN, Asaji S, Ishizaki H, Kawashima K, Obuchi Y, Sunaga S, Ando A, Inoko H, Wada S, Aida Y. Kinetic Study of BLV Infectivity in BLV Susceptible and Resistant Cattle in Japan from 2017 to 2019. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101281. [PMID: 34684230 PMCID: PMC8537920 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Polymorphism in bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles is related to susceptibility to BLV proviral load (PVL), which is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. However, whether differential BoLA-DRB3 affects BLV infectivity remains unknown. In a three-year follow-up investigation using a luminescence syncytium induction assay for evaluating BLV infectivity, we visualized and evaluated the kinetics of BLV infectivity in cattle with susceptible, resistant and neutral BoLA-DRB3 alleles which were selected from 179 cattle. Susceptible cattle showed stronger BLV infectivity than both resistant and neutral cattle. The order of intensity of BLV infectivity was as follows: susceptible cattle > neutral cattle > resistant cattle. BLV infectivity showed strong positive correlation with PVL at each testing point. BLV-infected susceptible cattle were found to be at higher risk of horizontal transmission, as they had strong infectivity and high PVL, whereas BLV-infected resistant cattle were low risk of BLV transmission owing to weak BLV infection and low PVL. Thus, this is the first study to demonstrate that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism is associated with BLV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (S.-N.T.); (S.W.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (S.-N.T.); (S.W.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza 352-8510, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakurako Asaji
- GenoDive Pharma Inc., 4-14-1 Naka-cho, Atsugi 243-0018, Kanagawa, Japan; (S.A.); (A.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Ishizaki
- Grazing Animal Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara 329-2793, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Keiji Kawashima
- Tobu and General Agricultural Office Livestock Hygiene Division, Ota 373-0805, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Yuko Obuchi
- Department of Agriculture Dairy and Livestock Division, Maebashi 371-8570, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinji Sunaga
- Department of Agriculture Dairy and Livestock Division, Maebashi 371-8570, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Asako Ando
- GenoDive Pharma Inc., 4-14-1 Naka-cho, Atsugi 243-0018, Kanagawa, Japan; (S.A.); (A.A.); (H.I.)
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1119, Kanagasa, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inoko
- GenoDive Pharma Inc., 4-14-1 Naka-cho, Atsugi 243-0018, Kanagawa, Japan; (S.A.); (A.A.); (H.I.)
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (S.-N.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza 352-8510, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-5383
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borjigin L, Yoneyama S, Saito S, Polat M, Inokuma M, Shinozaki Y, Tanaka N, Yamanaka R, Yasui A, Mimura M, Murakami H, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. A novel real time PCR assay for bovine leukemia virus detection using mixed probes and degenerate primers targeting novel BLV strains. J Virol Methods 2021; 297:114264. [PMID: 34411645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. We previously developed the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the proviral loads of BLV using coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers. We here found four single mutations within the probe region of the original BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR assay, three of which have negative impact on its sensitivity in the probe sequences of the long terminal regions of the BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2 assay, using genomic DNA from 887 cows from 27 BLV-positive farms via a nationwide survey conducted in 2011 and 2017 in Japan. Therefore, the modified probes were designed to completely match the three BLV mutant strains identified here. Moreover, we examined the optimum ratio of the concentration to be mixed with the wild type and three new BLV TaqMan probes were designed here using genomic DNAs extracted from cattle naturally infected with the wild type BLV strain and three mutant strains. Finally, we successfully established an improved assay maintained the original sensitivity and reproducibility and can detect novel BLV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoneyama
- Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0905, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michihito Inokuma
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Chiba, 262-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinozaki
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Chiba Prefecture, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-0033, Japan
| | - Risa Yamanaka
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Anna Yasui
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Munehito Mimura
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya, Saitama, 360-0813, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080987. [PMID: 34451451 PMCID: PMC8398158 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the longitudinal changes in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) ELISA antibodies, proviral load (PVL), and blood lymphocyte counts (LC) observed over a 2.5-year period in naturally infected cattle. The dataset utilized was from a BLV intervention field trial on three Midwestern dairy herds. Our analysis showed ELISA false negatives were more likely to occur in cattle with low PVL and normal LC. On average, negligible changes in LC were observed during six-month intervals. Periods of lymphocytosis, defined as >10,000 lymphocytes per uL of blood, were observed in 31.5% (68/216) of BLV test-positive cattle. In BLV test-positive cows, an average increase of 2900 to 3100 proviral copies per 100,000 cells was observed during each subsequent six-month sampling interval. The difference between the minimum and maximum PVL observed for an ELISA-positive cow with 3 or more observations ranged from 0 to 115,600 copies per 100,000 cells (median: 12,900; mean: 19,200). Therefore, following the identification of ELISA-positive cattle and the assessment of PVL and LC, subsequent semiannual tests to assess disease progression may not be needed. Further work is needed to determine how available diagnostic tests can be optimized to design cost-effective testing schemes for BLV control programs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Andoh K, Akagami M, Nishimori A, Matsuura Y, Kumagai A, Hatama S. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine leukemia virus genome are associated with proviral load and affect the expression profile of viral non-coding transcripts. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109200. [PMID: 34371437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects bovine B-cells and causes malignant lymphoma, resulting in severe economic losses in the livestock industry. To control the spread of BLV, several studies have attempted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of BLV pathogenesis, but the details of the mechanism are still enigmatic. Currently, viral non-coding RNAs are attracting attention as a novel player for BLV pathogenesis because these transcripts can evade the host immune response and are persistently expressed in latent infection. One of the viral non-coding RNA, AS1, is encoded in the antisense strand of the BLV genome and consists of two isoforms, AS1-L and AS1-S. Although the function of the AS1 is still unknown, the AS1 RNA might also have some roles because it keeps expressing in tumor tissues. In the present study, we identified novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the AS1 coding region and indicated that individuals infected with BLV with minor SNPs showed low proviral load. To evaluate the effect of identified SNPs, we constructed infectious clones with these SNPs and found that their introduction affected the expression profile of AS1 RNA; the amount of AS1-L isoform increased compared with the wild type, although the total amount of AS1 RNA remained unchanged. Prediction analysis also suggested that the introduction of SNPs changed the secondary structure of AS1 RNA. These results explain part of the relationship between BLV expansion in vivo and the expression profile of AS1, although further analysis is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Andoh
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Kenhoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ibaraki Prefecture, 966-1 Nakagachi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0002, Japan.
| | - Asami Nishimori
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Matsuura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kumagai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Hatama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Natural Infection of Dairy Cows with Bovine Leukemia Virus Affects Immunoglobulin Levels in Saliva and Serum but Not Milk. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070907. [PMID: 34358057 PMCID: PMC8308649 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retroviral infection that disrupts the immune function of infected animals. It is widespread among U.S. dairy cattle. In this pilot study, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations in milk, saliva, and serum samples from BLV ELISA-positive (ELISA+) dairy cows were compared against samples from BLV ELISA-negative (ELISA−) cows using the Kruskal–Wallis test (with ties). The results from ELISA+ cows were also stratified by lymphocyte count (LC) and proviral load (PVL). In milk and saliva from ELISA+ cows, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations were decreased compared to ELISA− cows, although this was only statistically significant for saliva IgM in cows with low PVL (p = 0.0424). Numerically, the average total IgA concentrations were 33.6% lower in milk and 23.7% lower in saliva, and the average total IgM concentrations were 42.4% lower in milk and 15.5% lower in saliva. No significant differences were observed in the total serum IgA concentrations, regardless of PVL and LC. The total serum IgM from ELISA+ cows was significantly decreased (p = 0.0223), with the largest decreases occurring in the highest PVL and LC subgroups. This pilot study is a first step in investigating the impact of BLV on mucosal immunity and will require further exploration in each of the various stages of disease progression.
Collapse
|
35
|
Murakami H, Murakami-Kawai M, Kamisuki S, Hisanobu S, Tsurukawa Y, Uchiyama J, Sakaguchi M, Tsukamoto K. Specific antiviral effect of violaceoid E on bovine leukemia virus. Virology 2021; 562:1-8. [PMID: 34242747 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection has spread worldwide causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry. In countries with a high prevalence of BLV, minimizing economic losses is challenging; thus, research into various countermeasures is important for improving BLV control. Because anti-BLV drugs have not been developed, the present study explored a promising chemical compound with anti-BLV activity. Initially, screening of a chemical compound library revealed that violaceoid E (vioE), which is isolated from fungus, showed antiviral activity. Further analysis demonstrated that the antiviral effect of vioE inhibited transcriptional activation of BLV. Cellular thermal shift assay and pulldown assays provided evidence for a direct interaction between vioE and the viral transactivator protein, Tax. These data indicate that interference with Tax-dependent transcription could be a novel target for development of anti-BLV drugs. Therefore, it is suggested that vioE is a novel antiviral compound against BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Makoto Murakami-Kawai
- Laboratory of Animal Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Laboratory of Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shibasaki Hisanobu
- Laboratory of Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yukine Tsurukawa
- Laboratory of Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Borjigin L, Lo CW, Bai L, Hamada R, Sato H, Yoneyama S, Yasui A, Yasuda S, Yamanaka R, Mimura M, Inokuma M, Shinozaki Y, Tanaka N, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Risk Assessment of Bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DRB3 Alleles for Perinatal Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050502. [PMID: 33922152 PMCID: PMC8143451 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal transmission plays a critical role in the spread of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle herds. In the Holstein breed, we previously identified BLV resistant and susceptible bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles, including BoLA-DRB3*009:02 and *014:01:01 with a low BLV proviral load (PVL), and *015:01 and *012:01 with a high PVL. Here, we evaluated the perinatal BLV transmission risk in dams with different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. BoLA-DRB3 alleles of 120 dam-calf pairs from five dairy farms in Japan were identified; their PVL was quantified using the BLV-Coordination of Common Motifs (CoCoMo)-qPCR-2 assay. Ninety-six dams were BLV-positive, and 29 gave birth to BLV-infected calves. Perinatal transmission frequency was 19% in dams with resistant alleles suppressed to a low PVL level, and 38% and 25% in dams with susceptible and neutral alleles that maintained high PVL levels, respectively. Notably, all calves with resistant alleles were BLV free, whereas 30% of calves with susceptible genes were infected. Thus, vertical transmission risk was extremely lower for dams and calves with resistant alleles compared to those with susceptible alleles. Our results can inform the development of effective BLV eradication programs under field conditions by providing necessary data to allow for optimal selection of dams for breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liushiqi Borjigin
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Baton Zone Program, Nakamura Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (R.H.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rania Hamada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Baton Zone Program, Nakamura Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoneyama
- Kenou Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan;
| | - Anna Yasui
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan; (A.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Sohei Yasuda
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan; (A.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Risa Yamanaka
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan; (A.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Munehito Mimura
- Kumagaya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0813, Japan; (A.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Yasuo Shinozaki
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0033, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0033, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan;
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (L.B.); (H.S.)
- Baton Zone Program, Nakamura Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ezdakova IY, Kapustina OV, Gulyukin MI, Stepanova TV. [Characterization of B1-cells during experimental leukomogenesis.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 65:35-40. [PMID: 32496719 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-1-35-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia causes a significant polyclonal expansion of CD5+, IgM+ B lymphocytes, known as persistent lymphocytosis (PL), in approximately 30% of infected cattle. However, it is not yet clear what happens to this subpopulation of B cells in the early period of infection of animals. PURPOSE Quantitative characterization of IgM+ and CD5+ B cells during the immune response, which can provide important information on the mechanisms of lymphocyte priming in BLV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment used BLV-negative calves of black-motley breed at the age of 8 months (n = 11). Animals (n = 8) were intravenously injected with blood of a BLV-positive cow. Control calves (n = 3) were injected with saline. Studies were performed before and after infection on days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 65 of the immune response. The determination of the number of B-lymphocytes in the blood was carried out by the method of immunoperoxidase staining based on monoclonal antibodies to IgM, CD5. RESULTS As a result of the studies, it was found that the level of CD5+ B cells increases on the 14th day of the primary immune response, characterized by polyclonal proliferation of CD5+ B cells, which are the primary target for BLV. Our research data confirm that in the lymphocytes of experimentally infected cattle, surface aggregation of IgM and CD5 molecules on B-lymphocytes is absent. DISCUSSION It is known that the wave-like nature of IgM synthesis, which was shown in previous studies, depends on a subpopulation of B1 cells. After 7 days of the immune response, IgM+ and CD5+ cells do not correlate, which shows their functional difference. The increase in CD5+ cells is probably not associated with B cells, but with T cells differentiating under the influence of the virus. CONCLUSIONS A subset of B1 cells is the primary target of cattle leukemia virus. The 65th day of the immune response is characterized by the expansion of IgM+ B cells, a decrease in the number of CD5+ cells and a uniform distribution of receptors around the perimeter of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Y Ezdakova
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - O V Kapustina
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - M I Gulyukin
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - T V Stepanova
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lo CW, Takeshima SN, Okada K, Saitou E, Fujita T, Matsumoto Y, Wada S, Inoko H, Aida Y. Association of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Induced Lymphoma with BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphisms at DNA, Amino Acid, and Binding Pocket Property Levels. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040437. [PMID: 33917549 PMCID: PMC8067502 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leucosis, a malignant B-cell lymphoma in cattle. The DNA sequence polymorphisms of bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 have exhibited a correlation with BLV-induced lymphoma in Holstein cows. However, the association may vary between different cattle breeds. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between BLV-induced lymphoma and DRB3 at the amino acid and structural diversity levels. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the correlation between BLV-induced lymphoma and DRB3 at DNA, amino acid, and binding pocket property levels, using 106 BLV-infected asymptomatic and 227 BLV-induced lymphoma Japanese black cattle samples. DRB3*011:01 was identified as a resistance allele, whereas DRB3*005:02 and DRB3*016:01 were susceptibility alleles. Amino acid association studies showed that positions 9, 11, 13, 26, 30, 47, 57, 70, 71, 74, 78, and 86 were associated with lymphoma susceptibility. Structure and electrostatic charge modeling further indicated that binding pocket 9 of resistance DRB3 was positively charged. In contrast, alleles susceptible to lymphoma were neutrally charged. Altogether, this is the first association study of BoLA-DRB3 polymorphisms with BLV-induced lymphoma in Japanese black cattle. In addition, our results further contribute to understanding the mechanisms regarding how BoLA-DRB3 polymorphisms mediate susceptibility to BLV-induced lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Iwate University, 7-360 Mukai-shinden Ukai, Takizawa, Iwate 020-0667, Japan;
| | - Etsuko Saitou
- Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Meat Inspection Center, 49-18 Shitoorinagata, Minamiawaji, Hyogo 656-0152, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Fujita
- Livestock Research Institute of Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Research Center, Kuju, Taketa, Oita 878-0201, Japan;
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Genome Analysis Division, GenoDive Pharma Inc., 4-14-1 Nakamachi, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0018, Japan;
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kuczewski A, Orsel K, Barkema HW, Mason S, Erskine R, van der Meer F. Invited review: Bovine leukemia virus-Transmission, control, and eradication. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6358-6375. [PMID: 33741150 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, endemic in North American dairy herds, has production-limiting effects. A literature review of available papers published since 1995 concerning BLV transmission and its control was conducted. Although confirmed transmission routes were reviewed (blood, natural breeding, in utero, colostrum, and milk), there is still a lack of detailed information on other specific risks for transmission (e.g., contact transmission and hoof-trimming knives). Eradication of BLV has been achieved by combined management, segregation, and culling approaches. In contrast, although sole implementation of best management practices aimed at prevention of BLV transmission has decreased within-herd BLV prevalence, it has not eradicated BLV from a herd. Therefore, control and eradication of BLV by best management practices only should be further investigated. Additionally, the role of proviral load in infected cattle was investigated. Cattle with a high proviral load seem to be more likely to infect others, whereas those with a very low proviral load seem to have low risks of transmitting BLV. Information on proviral load could be taken into account when controlling BLV in high-prevalence herds. In conclusion, there is a need for detailed, large-scale studies investigating roles of specific transmission routes, knowing proviral load of infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Kuczewski
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Steve Mason
- Agromedia International Inc., Calgary, AB T2L 0T6, Canada
| | - Ron Erskine
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Analysis of Nucleotide Sequence of Tax, miRNA and LTR of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle with Different Levels of Persistent Lymphocytosis in Russia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020246. [PMID: 33672613 PMCID: PMC7924208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), a lymphoproliferative disease of the bovine species. In BLV-infected cells, the long terminal repeat (LTR), the viral Tax protein and viral miRNAs promote viral and cell proliferation as well as tumorigenesis. Although their respective roles are decisive in BLV biology, little is known about the genetic sequence variation of these parts of the BLV genome and their impact on disease outcome. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and sequence variation of the BLV Tax, miRNA and LTR regions in infected animals displaying either low or high levels of persistent lymphocytosis (PL). A statistically significant association was observed between the A(+187)C polymorphism in the downstream activator sequence (DAS) region in LTR (p-value = 0.00737) and high lymphocytosis. Our study also showed that the mutation A(−4)G in the CAP site occurred in 70% of isolates with low PL and was not found in the high PL group. Conversely, the mutations G(−133)A/C in CRE2 (46.7%), C(+160)T in DAS (30%) and A(310)del in BLV-mir-B4-5p, A(357)G in BLV-mir-B4-3p, A(462)G in BLV-mir-B5-5p, and GA(497–498)AG in BLV-mir-B5-3p (26.5%) were often seen in isolates with high PL and did not occur in the low PL group. In conclusion, we found several significant polymorphisms among BLV genomic sequences in Russia that would explain a progression towards higher or lower lymphoproliferation. The data presented in this article enabled the classification between two different genotypes; however, clear association between genotypes and the PL development was not found.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bartlett PC, Ruggiero VJ, Hutchinson HC, Droscha CJ, Norby B, Sporer KRB, Taxis TM. Current Developments in the Epidemiology and Control of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis as Caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus. Pathogens 2020; 9:E1058. [PMID: 33352855 PMCID: PMC7766781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has been eradicated in over 20 countries. In contrast, the U.S. and many other nations are experiencing increasing prevalence in the absence of efforts to control transmission. Recent studies have shown that BLV infection in dairy cattle has a greater impact beyond the long-recognized lymphoma development that occurs in <5% of infected cattle. Like other retroviruses, BLV appears to cause multiple immune system disruptions, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity, which are likely responsible for increasingly documented associations with decreased dairy production and decreased productive lifespan. Realization of these economic losses has increased interest in controlling BLV using technology that was unavailable decades ago, when many nations eradicated BLV via traditional antibody testing and slaughter methods. This traditional control is not economically feasible for many nations where the average herd antibody prevalence is rapidly approaching 50%. The ELISA screening of cattle with follow-up testing via qPCR for proviral load helps prioritize the most infectious cattle for segregation or culling. The efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated in at least four herds. Breeding cattle for resistance to BLV disease progression also appears to hold promise, and several laboratories are working on BLV vaccines. There are many research priorities for a wide variety of disciplines, especially including the need to investigate the reports linking BLV and human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Bartlett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Vickie J. Ruggiero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (B.N.)
| | | | - Casey J. Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative, East Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.J.D.); (K.R.B.S.)
| | - Bo Norby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (V.J.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Kelly R. B. Sporer
- CentralStar Cooperative, East Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (C.J.D.); (K.R.B.S.)
| | - Tasia M. Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bai L, Hirose T, Assi W, Wada S, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection Affects Host Gene Expression Associated with DNA Mismatch Repair. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110909. [PMID: 33143351 PMCID: PMC7694100 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a malignant form of B-cell lymphoma, and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated whether BLV infection affects host genes associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Next-generation sequencing of blood samples from five calves experimentally infected with BLV revealed the highest expression levels of seven MMR genes (EXO1, UNG, PCNA, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and PMS2) at the point of peak proviral loads (PVLs). Furthermore, MMR gene expression was only upregulated in cattle with higher PVLs. In particular, the expression levels of MSH2, MSH3, and UNG positively correlated with PVL in vivo. The expression levels of all seven MMR genes in pig kidney-15 cells and the levels of PMS2 and EXO1 in HeLa cells also increased tendencies after transient transfection with a BLV infectious clone. Moreover, MMR gene expression levels were significantly higher in BLV-expressing cell lines compared with those in the respective parental cell lines. Expression levels of MSH2 and EXO1 in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma were significantly lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in infected cattle in vivo. These results reveal that BLV infection affects MMR gene expression, offering new candidate markers for lymphoma diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wlaa Assi
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-462-4418
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bovine leukemia virus detection and dynamics following experimental inoculation. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:269-275. [PMID: 33039878 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects more than 40% of the United States cattle population and impacts animal health and production. Control programs aiming to reduce disease prevalence and incidence depend on the ability to detect the BLV provirus, anti-BLV antibodies, and differences in blood lymphocyte counts following infection. These disease parameters also can be indicative of long-term disease progression. The objectives of this study were to determine the timing and to describe early fluctuations of BLV-detection by qPCR, ELISA, and lymphocyte counts. Fifteen Holstein steers were experimentally inoculated with 100 μL of a blood saline inoculum. Three steers served as in-pen negative controls and were housed with the experimentally infected steers to observe the potential for contract transmission. Five additional negative controls were housed separately. Steers were followed for 147 days post-inoculation (DPI). Infections were detected in experimentally infected steers by qPCR and ELISA an average of 24- and 36 DPI, respectively. Significant differences in lymphocyte counts between experimentally infected and control steers were observed from 30 to 45 DPI. Furthermore, a wide variation in peak proviral load and establishment was observed between experimentally infected steers. The results of this study can be used to inform control programs focused on the detection and removal of infectious cattle.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hamada R, Metwally S, Polat M, Borjigin L, Ali AO, Abdel-Hady AAA, Mohamed AEA, Wada S, Aida Y. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Egyptian Dairy Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:608. [PMID: 33134337 PMCID: PMC7511665 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), the most common neoplastic disease in cattle worldwide. The first EBL outbreak in Egypt was reported in 1997. To date, there are few studies regarding BLV diagnosis using only serological detection and no studies investigating the distribution of BLV provirus, which is the retroviral genome integrated into the host genome, in Egypt. The genetic characteristics of Egyptian BLV strains are also unknown. Therefore, we aimed to detect BLV provirus and determine BLV genetic variability among dairy cattle in Egypt. We collected 270 blood samples of dairy cattle from 24 farms located in five provinces in Egypt. Out of the 270 samples, 58 (21.5%) were positive for BLV provirus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18 420-bp selected sequences out of 50 isolates of the BLV env-gp51 gene demonstrated that Egyptian BLV isolates were clustered into genotype-1 and-4, among 11 genotypes detected worldwide. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis and alignment of the 501-bp sequence of the env-gp51 gene revealed that at least six genetically different strains are present in Egypt. Genotype-1 isolates comprised four different strains (G1-a, G1-b, G1-c, and G1-d) and genotype-4 isolates included two different strains (G4-x and G4-y). Moreover, in one farm with 100% infection rate, we identified three isolates of G1-a strain, 35 isolates of G4-x strain, and two isolates of G4-y strain. Overall, this study provides the new report on molecular prevalence of BLV in Egypt and records the coexistence of BLV genotype-1 and-4 in Egyptian cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Meripet Polat
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama, Japan
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama, Japan
| | - Alsagher O Ali
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - A A A Abdel-Hady
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adel E A Mohamed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Murakami H, Yajima Y, Sato F, Kamisuki S, Taharaguchi S, Onda K, Roh S, Uchiyama J, Sakaguchi M, Tsukamoto K. Development of multipurpose recombinant reporter bovine leukemia virus. Virology 2020; 548:226-235. [PMID: 32771769 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a global problem that results in significant economic losses to the livestock industry. We developed three virus strains by inserting the HiBiT reporter tag from NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) into limited sites within BLV molecular clones. Initial analysis for site selection of the tag insertion revealed a permissible site immediately downstream of the viral envelope gene. Therefore, NLuc activity could be used to measure virus copy numbers in the supernatant and the levels of cell infection. Productivity and growth kinetics of the reporter virus were similar to those of the wild-type strain; therefore, the reporter virus can be used to characterize the replication of chimeric viruses as well as responses to the antiviral drug, amprenavir. Collectively, our results suggest that the BLV reporter virus with a HiBiT tag insertion is a highly versatile system for various purposes such as evaluating virus replication and antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yajima
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Laboratory of Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taharaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Tohoku University, 1-1, Amamiya-machi, Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology Ⅰ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology Ⅰ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Health Ⅱ, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Selim A, Megahed AA, Kandeel S, Abdelhady A. Risk factor analysis of bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy cattle in Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101517. [PMID: 32682151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the risk factors associated with Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is essential for the adoption of potentially prevention strategies. Accordingly, our objectives were to determine the geographic distribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection and identify the risk factors associated with cow-level BLV infection in the Egyptian dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1299 mixed breed cows distributed over four provinces in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2018. The randomly selected cows on each farm were serologically tested for BLV, and the cow's information was obtained from the farm records. Four variables (geographic location, herd size, number of parities, and age) were used for risk analysis. A total of 230 serum samples (17.7 %) were serologically positive for BLV. The highest prevalence of BLV infection was associated with parity (OR = 3.4, 95 %CI 2.4-4.9) with 80 % probability of being BLV-positive at parity ≥5, followed by herd size (OR = 1.8, 95 %CI 1.4-2.2). However, geographic location seems to have no impact on the prevalence of BLV infection in Egypt. Our findings strongly indicate that the intensive surveillance and effective prevention strategies against BLV infection in Egypt should be provided to multiparous cows with ≥5 parities and live in large farm with more than 200 cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor-Toukh, Kalyobiya, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ameer A Megahed
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor-Toukh, Kalyobiya, 13736, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Sahar Kandeel
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor-Toukh, Kalyobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Abdelhamed Abdelhady
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Benitez OJ, Roberts JN, Norby B, Bartlett PC, Takeshima SN, Watanuki S, Aida Y, Grooms DL. Breeding bulls as a potential source of bovine leukemia virus transmission in beef herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:1335-1340. [PMID: 31067187 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.11.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in beef bulls; evaluate the presence of BLV provirus DNA in blood, smegma, and semen samples; and analyze whether blood BLV proviral load was associated with differential blood cell counts. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 121 beef bulls ≥ 2 years old from 39 Michigan herds. PROCEDURES Blood, smegma, and semen samples were collected from each bull during a routine breeding soundness examination. An ELISA was used to detect serum anti-BLV antibodies. A coordination of common motifs-quantitative PCR assay was used to detect BLV provirus DNA in blood, smegma, and semen samples. Bulls with positive results on both the BLV serum ELISA and coordination of common motifs-quantitative PCR assay were considered infected with BLV. RESULTS 19 of 39 (48.7%) herds and 54 of 121 (44.6%) bulls were infected with BLV. Provirus DNA was detected in the blood of all 54 and in smegma of 4 BLV-infected bulls but was not detected in any semen sample. Lymphocyte count was significantly greater in BLV-infected bulls than in uninfected bulls. The proportion of BLV-infected bulls with lymphocytosis (16/54 [29.6%]) was greater than the proportion of uninfected bulls with lymphocytosis (6/67 [9%]). Lymphocyte count was positively associated with BLV proviral load in BLV-infected bulls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that almost half of beef bulls and herds were infected with BLV, and BLV provirus DNA was detected in the smegma of some BLV-infected bulls. Bulls may have an important role in BLV transmission in beef herds.
Collapse
|
48
|
Assi W, Hirose T, Wada S, Matsuura R, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. PRMT5 Is Required for Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection In Vivo and Regulates BLV Gene Expression, Syncytium Formation, and Glycosylation In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:E650. [PMID: 32560231 PMCID: PMC7354529 DOI: 10.3390/v12060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated the role of a new host protein, PRMT5, in BLV infection. We found that PRMT5 is overexpressed only in BLV-infected cattle with a high proviral load, but not in those with a low proviral load. Furthermore, this upregulation continued to the lymphoma stage. PRMT5 expression was upregulated in response to experimental BLV infection; moreover, PRMT5 upregulation began in an early stage of BLV infection rather than after a long period of proviral latency. Second, siRNA-mediated PRMT5 knockdown enhanced BLV gene expression at the transcript and protein levels. Additionally, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5 (CMP5) enhanced BLV gene expression. Interestingly, CMP5 treatment, but not siRNA knockdown, altered the gp51 glycosylation pattern and increased the molecular weight of gp51, thereby decreasing BLV-induced syncytium formation. This was supported by the observation that CMP5 treatment enhanced the formation of the complex type of N-glycan more than the high mannose type. In conclusion, PRMT5 overexpression is related to the development of BLV infection with a high proviral load and lymphoma stage and PRMT5 inhibition enhances BLV gene expression. This is the first study to investigate the role of PRMT5 in BLV infection in vivo and in vitro and to reveal a novel function for a small-molecule compound in BLV-gp51 glycosylation processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wlaa Assi
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (W.A.); (T.H.); (R.M.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone program, Riken Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Benitez OJ, Norby B, Bartlett PC, Maeroff JE, Grooms DL. Impact of bovine leukemia virus infection on beef cow longevity. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105055. [PMID: 32593082 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukosis is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Previous studies estimate that 38 % of cow-calf beef herds and 10.3 % of individual beef cows in the US are BLV seropositive. About 70 % of BLV infected animals are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, while less than 5% develop lymphosarcoma, the leading reason for carcass condemnation at the US slaughterhouses. Studies provide evidence that BLV infection leads to decreased immune function making animals more vulnerable to other diseases, which could shorten their productive lifespan and increase economic losses in the cattle industry. BLV seropositive dairy cows are reportedly more likely to be culled sooner compared with their uninfected herd mates. Beyond simple prevalence studies, little is known about the impact of BLV infection in beef cattle production or specifically on beef cow longevity. Our objective was to determine the association between BLV infection and cow longevity in beef cow-calf operations. Twenty-seven cow-calf herds from the Upper Midwest volunteered to participate in this study. Female beef cattle (n = 3146) were tested for serum BLV antibodies by ELISA. A subsample of 648 cows were also tested for BLV proviral load (PVL). Culling data was collected for the subsequent 24 months. Twenty-one herds (77.7 %) had at least one BLV-infected animal, and 29.2 % (930/3146) of tested animals were BLV seropositive. Of the BLV-positive cows, 33.7 % (318/943) were culled compared with 32.1 % (541/1682) of the seronegative cows. BLV status did not affect cows' longevity within herds (P = 0.062). However, cows with high BLV PVL had decreased survival within the herd compared with ELISA- negative cows (P = 0.01). Overall, infection with BLV did not impact beef cow longevity unless the disease had progressed to a point of high BLV PVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Benitez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48895, United States.
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48895, United States
| | - Paul C Bartlett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48895, United States
| | - Jacqueline E Maeroff
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48895, United States
| | - Daniel L Grooms
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Forletti A, Lützelschwab CM, Cepeda R, Esteban EN, Gutiérrez SE. Early events following bovine leukaemia virus infection in calves with different alleles of the major histocompatibility complex DRB3 gene. Vet Res 2020; 51:4. [PMID: 31931875 PMCID: PMC6958566 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle maintaining a low proviral load (LPL) status after bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection have been recognized as BLV controllers and non-transmitters to uninfected cattle in experimental and natural conditions. LPL has been associated with host genetics, mainly with the BoLA class II DRB3 gene. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of BLV and the host response in Holstein calves carrying different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. Twenty BLV-free calves were inoculated with infected lymphocytes. Two calves were maintained uninfected as controls. Proviral load, total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, anti-BLVgp51 titres and BLVp24 expression levels were determined in blood samples at various times post-inoculation. The viral load peaked at 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) in all animals. The viral load decreased steadily from seroconversion (38 dpi) to the end of the study (178 dpi) in calves carrying a resistance-associated allele (*0902), while it was maintained at elevated levels in calves with *1501 or neutral alleles after seroconversion. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and BLVp24 expression did not significantly differ between genetic groups. Animals with < 20 proviral copies/30 ng of DNA at 178 dpi or < 200 proviral copies at 88 dpi were classified as LPL, while calves with levels above these limits were considered to have high proviral load (HPL) profiles. All six calves with the *1501 allele progressed to HPL, while LPL was attained by 6/7 (86%) and 2/6 (33%) of the calves with the *0902 and neutral alleles, respectively. One calf with both *0902 and *1501 developed LPL. This is the first report of experimental induction of the LPL profile in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Forletti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CIC), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (U.N.C.P.B.A.), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia María Lützelschwab
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CIC), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (U.N.C.P.B.A.), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Cepeda
- Area de Bioestadística, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (U.N.C.P.B.A.), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo N Esteban
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CIC), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (U.N.C.P.B.A.), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Elena Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CIC), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (U.N.C.P.B.A.), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|