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Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1061353. [PMID: 37179836 PMCID: PMC10166825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is linked to comorbidities and risk factors, consolidating the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and some types of cancer. In this context, the role of macrophages is highlighted as a marker of inflammation as well as for the high power of plasticity of these cells. Macrophages can be activated in a wide range between classical or proinflammatory, named M1, and alternative or anti-inflammatory, also known as M2 polarization. All nuances between M1 and M2 macrophages orchestrate the immune response by secreting different sets of chemokines, while M1 cells promote Th1 response, the M2 macrophages recruit Th2 and Tregs lymphocytes. In turn, physical exercise has been a faithful tool in combating the proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages. This review proposes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms in which physical exercise can help control inflammation and infiltration of macrophages within the non-communicable diseases scope. During obesity progress, proinflammatory macrophages predominate in adipose tissue inflammation, which reduces insulin sensitivity until the development of type 2 diabetes, progression of atherosclerosis, and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this case, physical activity restores the balance between the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio, reducing the level of meta-inflammation. In the case of cancer, the tumor microenvironment is compatible with a high level of hypoxia, which contributes to the advancement of the disease. However, exercise increases the level of oxygen supply, favoring macrophage polarization in favor of disease regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu O. M. Callegari
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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The Influence of Physical Training on the Immune System of Rats during N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-Induced Carcinogenesis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216371. [PMID: 36362598 PMCID: PMC9653829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the effect of physical training on the selected parameters of the immune system regarding CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11, CD161, CD45A cell counts in rats treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Material and Methods: Thirty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with MNU and were divided into three groups, i.e., sedentary control (SC), the group of moderate-intensity training (MIT) and the group of high-intensity training (HIT). Physical training was supervised immediately after MNU administration and was conducted 5 days per week for 12 weeks on a three-position treadmill. Results: A significant difference was found between SC and training groups in terms of the number of induced tumors per rat (1.57 vs. 0.4, p = 0.05) and in the following lymphocyte subpopulations: CD4+/CD8+ (p = 0.01), CD3−/CD11b+ (p = 0.02), CD3−/CD161+ (p = 0.002), CD3−/CD161− (p = 0.002), CD3+/CD45RA+ (p = 0.003) and CD3−/CD45RA+ (p = 0.005). In terms of the intensity of physical training, the highest efficacy was found for MIT and the following lymphocyte subpopulations: CD3−/CD11b+ (SC vs. MIT, p < 0.001), CD3−/CD161+ (SC vs. MIT, p = 0.002), CD3−/CD161− (SC vs. MIT, p = 0.002), CD3+/CD45RA+ (SC vs. MIT, p = 0.02) and CD3−/CD45RA+ (SC vs. MIT, p < 0.001, MIT vs. HIT, p = 0.02). Furthermore, negative correlations were found between the number of apoptotic cells and CD3−/CD11b (r = −0.76, p = 0.01) in SC and between the number of induced tumors and CD3+/CD8+ (r = −0.61, p = 0.02) and between their volume and CD+/CD8+ (r = −0.56, p = 0.03) in the group of rats undergoing training. Conclusions: Physical training, particularly MIT, affected immune cell function and an altered immune response can be considered a mechanism underlying the effect of exercise on breast cancer development.
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Faiad OJ, Francisco AMSDC, Brigatte P, Curi R, Sampaio SC. Crotoxin modulates metabolism and secretory activity of peritoneal macrophages from Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Toxicon 2022; 217:46-55. [PMID: 35981665 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Crotoxin (CTX), the major toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, induces an inhibitory effect on tumor development and modulates the functions of macrophages (MØs), which play a key role as a defense mechanism against tumor growth. In early tumor progression stage, MØs are avidly phagocytic (inflammatory cell), releasing reactive nitrogen intermediates-RNI/ROI and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. However, when the tumor has been developed, tumor-associated MØ (angiogenic cell) presents a decrease in the mentioned activities. We reported that CTX stimulates H2O2 release, NO production and secretion of cytokines by peritoneal MØs obtained from non-tumor-bearing rats. Considering that the mentioned mediators control tumor growth, it is mandatory to investigate whether CTX stimulates the production of these mediators by MØs obtained from tumor-bearing animals. The aim of this work was then to evaluate the CTX effect on metabolism and functions of peritoneal MØs obtained from Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were subcutaneously inoculated in the right flank with 1 mL sterile suspension of 2 × 107 Walker 256 tumor cells. CTX (18 μg per animal) was subcutaneously administered in two protocols: a) on the 1st day of tumor cell injection and b) on the 4th day of tumor cell inoculation. In both protocols, MØs were obtaining on the 14th day of tumor cell inoculation to evaluate the release of H2O2, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6); maximal activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]-glucose and [U-14C]-glutamine. The treatment with CTX stimulated the release of NO, H2O2, and cytokines, and glucose and glutamine metabolism. Metabolic and functional changes induced by CTX were accompanied by a decrease of tumor growth as indicated by tumor fresh weight and diameter. These results indicate CTX not only as a scientific tool to investigate changes in metabolism and functions of peritoneal MØs but also for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odair Jorge Faiad
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brigatte
- Faculty of Medicine, University City of São Paulo-UNICID, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Thorpe HHA, Baptista DB, Teixeira GR. Physical exercise regulates apoptosis and prostatic inflammatory effects induced by high-fat diet in PPAR-alpha deleted mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106669. [PMID: 35963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and develops inflammation, causing dysregulation of energy metabolism and prostatic neoplastic tissue changes. PPARɑ deletion leads to loss of homeostasis between the pro and anti-inflammatory response, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism, causing changes in different physiological processes and damage to the prostate. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological tool to improve energy metabolism and cellular metabolism in the prostate, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. the current study aimed to evaluate PPARα as a possible regulator of the protective effects of aerobic physical exercise in the prostate by examining prostatic alterations in wild-type and PPARα deletion mice fed a standard diet or an HFD. Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were fed a standard or HFD diet for 12 weeks, and submitted to aerobic physical exercise for 8 weeks. The HFD promoted the increase of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB, and an increase of inflammatory foci in animals in both genotypes. Although the PPARα deletion animals submitted to the aerobic physical exercise were not able to regulate response pro-inflammatory, but promoted an increase in IL-10 in the prostate. In animals WT, the aerobic physical exercise, reduced all inflammatory markers, improve the inflammatory response, and showed a higher expression of BAX and IL-10 proteins was protective against prostatic tissue lesions. Suggested that PPARα deletion associated with HFD suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostate. On other hand, aerobic physical exercise improves prostatic tissue by increasing the response to anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Bianchini Baptista
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil.
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Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788113. [PMID: 35359426 PMCID: PMC8964011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking a high volume of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of a broad range of clinically diagnosed cancers. These findings, which imply that physical activity induces physiological changes that avert or suppress neoplastic activity, are supported by preclinical intervention studies in rodents demonstrating that structured regular exercise commonly represses tumour growth. In Part 1 of this review, we summarise epidemiology and preclinical evidence linking physical activity or regular structured exercise with reduced cancer risk or tumour growth. Despite abundant evidence that physical activity commonly exerts anti-cancer effects, the mechanism(s)-of-action responsible for these beneficial outcomes is undefined and remains subject to ongoing speculation. In Part 2, we outline why altered immune regulation from physical activity - specifically to T cells - is likely an integral mechanism. We do this by first explaining how physical activity appears to modulate the cancer immunoediting process. In doing so, we highlight that augmented elimination of immunogenic cancer cells predominantly leads to the containment of cancers in a 'precancerous' or 'covert' equilibrium state, thus reducing the incidence of clinically diagnosed cancers among physically active individuals. In seeking to understand how physical activity might augment T cell function to avert cancer outgrowth, in Part 3 we appraise how physical activity affects the determinants of a successful T cell response against immunogenic cancer cells. Using the cancer immunogram as a basis for this evaluation, we assess the effects of physical activity on: (i) general T cell status in blood, (ii) T cell infiltration to tissues, (iii) presence of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion and anergy, (iv) presence of inflammatory inhibitors of T cells and (v) presence of metabolic inhibitors of T cells. The extent to which physical activity alters these determinants to reduce the risk of clinically diagnosed cancers - and whether physical activity changes these determinants in an interconnected or unrelated manner - is unresolved. Accordingly, we analyse how physical activity might alter each determinant, and we show how these changes may interconnect to explain how physical activity alters T cell regulation to prevent cancer outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of high fat food intake and associated immune dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5476. [PMID: 35361802 PMCID: PMC8971502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that exercise training protects from cancer independent of BMI. Here, we aimed to elucidate mechanisms involved in voluntary wheel running-dependent control of tumor growth across chow and high-fat diets. Access to running wheels decreased tumor growth in B16F10 tumor-bearing on chow (− 50%) or high-fat diets (− 75%, p < 0.001), however, tumor growth was augmented in high-fat fed mice (+ 53%, p < 0.001). Tumor growth correlated with serum glucose (p < 0.01), leptin (p < 0.01), and ghrelin levels (p < 0.01), but not with serum insulin levels. Voluntary wheel running increased immune recognition of tumors as determined by microarray analysis and gene expression analysis of markers of macrophages, NK and T cells, but the induction of markers of macrophages and NK cells was attenuated with high-fat feeding. Moreover, we found that the regulator of innate immunity, ZBP1, was induced by wheel running, attenuated by high-fat feeding and associated with innate immune recognition in the B16F10 tumors. We observed no effects of ZBP1 on cell cycle arrest, or exercise-regulated necrosis in the tumors of running mice. Taken together, our data support epidemiological findings showing that exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of BMI, however, our data suggest that high-fat feeding attenuates exercise-mediated immune recognition of tumors.
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Ugurlu I, Baltaci SB, Unal O, Mogulkoc R, Ucaryilmaz H, Baltaci AK. Chronic Running Exercise Regulates Cytotoxic Cell Functions and Zinc Transporter SLC39A10/ZIP10 Levels in Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:699-705. [PMID: 33742346 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate how chronic running exercise affects ZIP10 levels in thymus and spleen tissue as well as immune parameters in diabetic rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: group 1, control; group 2, exercise control; group 3, diabetes; group 4, diabetes + exercise. Diabetes was induced by injecting intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 40 mg/kg twice with 24-h intervals to the animals in groups 3 and 4. The animals in group 2 and group 4 underwent exercise for 45 min on the rat treadmill for 4 weeks at 20 m/min. Twenty-four hours after the last running exercise, the animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia. Immunological parameters were determined by flow cytometric method; tissue ZIP 10 levels were determined by ELISA method. The diabetic group had the lowest natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells percentages. Chronic exercise partially improved NK and NKT cell percentages in diabetic rats. The diabetic group had the lowest ZIP10 levels in spleen and thymus tissue. ZIP10 values in spleen and thymus tissue of diabetes exercise group were significantly higher than diabetes group. The results of our study show that the impaired cytotoxic cell functions in diabetes are partially corrected with 4 weeks of chronic exercise, and that the suppressed ZIP 10 levels in diabetic rats are reversed by 4 weeks of chronic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ugurlu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Omer Unal
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ucaryilmaz
- Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Mavropalias G, Sim M, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Spry N, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K, Newton RU. Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia: targeted exercise to counteract mechanisms and treatment side effects. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1389-1406. [PMID: 35088134 PMCID: PMC9114058 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of these modes and subtypes to identify the most optimal form and dosage of exercise therapy specific to each underlying mechanism of CC. Methods The relevant literatures from MEDLINE and Scopus databases were examined. Results Exercise can counteract the most prominent mechanisms and signs of CC including muscle wasting, increased protein turnover, systemic inflammation, reduced appetite and anorexia, increased energy expenditure and fat wasting, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, hypogonadism, impaired oxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer treatments side-effects. There are different modes of exercise, and each mode has different sub-types that induce vastly diverse changes when performed over multiple sessions. Choosing suboptimal exercise modes, types, or dosages can be counterproductive and could further contribute to the mechanisms of CC without impacting muscle growth. Conclusion Available evidence shows that patients with CC can safely undertake higher-intensity resistance exercise programs, and benefit from increases in body mass and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mavropalias
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Nigel Spry
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - William J Kraemer
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Zhong D, Li Y, Huang Y, Hong X, Li J, Jin R. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise on Cancer: A Bibliometrics Study and Visualization Analysis via CiteSpace. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:797902. [PMID: 35096970 PMCID: PMC8794585 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.797902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace. Method: Related publications in the Web of Science Core Collection Science Citation Index Expanded were retrieved from inception to November 27th, 2021. Then we used CiteSpace to generate network maps and identify top authors, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited authors, journals, references and research trends. Results: A total of 1,130 related publications were retrieved. The most productive author and journal were Lee W Jones and PLOS ONE. Hanahan D and Warburg O were the most cited authors. Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the leading institutions, while China was the leading country. Top-cited authors and references generally focused on the epidemiology and hallmarks of cancer. Top five keywords with both high frequency and high betweenness centrality were breast cancer, aerobic glycolysis, oxidative stress, gene expression, skeletal muscle. Keyword “warburg effect” ranked first with the highest citation burst, while “inflammation”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “epithelial mesenchymal transition”, and “adipose tissue” were emerging research foci. Conclusion: This study analyzed the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace. Based on the results, altered metabolism (aerobic glycolysis, insulin resistance, myokines), oxidative stress, gene expression and apoptosis were hot-research mechanisms of exercise on cancer. Emerging research foci of mechanisms were generally around inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition and adipokines. In addition, future studies could carry in-depth research of interactions between different mechanisms and try to elucidate the recommended doses and intensities of exercise for cancer, especially in breast, colorectal, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hong
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
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Hsueh HY, Pita-Grisanti V, Gumpper-Fedus K, Lahooti A, Chavez-Tomar M, Schadler K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. A review of physical activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology, intervention, animal models, and clinical trials. Pancreatology 2022; 22:98-111. [PMID: 34750076 PMCID: PMC8748405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, and the increasing incidence of PDAC may be related to the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity (PA), a method known to mitigate obesity by increasing total energy expenditure, also modifies multiple cellular pathways associated with cancer hallmarks. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that PA can lower the risk of developing a variety of cancers, reduce some of the detrimental side effects of treatments, and improve patient's quality of life during cancer treatment. However, little is known about the pathways underlying the correlations observed between PA interventions and PDAC. Moreover, there is no standard dose of PA intervention that is ideal for PDAC prevention or as an adjuvant of cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize relevant literature showing how PDAC patients can benefit from PA, the potential of PA as an adjuvant treatment for PDAC, the studies using preclinical models of PDAC to study PA, and the clinical trials to date assessing the effects of PA in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ali Lahooti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Pereira MG, Voltarelli VA, Tobias GC, de Souza L, Borges GS, Paixão AO, de Almeida NR, Bowen TS, Demasi M, Miyabara EH, Brum PC. Aerobic Exercise Training and In Vivo Akt Activation Counteract Cancer Cachexia by Inducing a Hypertrophic Profile through eIF-2α Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010028. [PMID: 35008195 PMCID: PMC8750332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic disease-related muscle atrophy is a serious public health problem since it reduces mobility and contributes to increases in hospitalization costs. Unfortunately, there is no approved treatment for muscle wasting at present. Thus, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the control of muscle mass and function under chronic diseases can pave the way for the discovery of innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract muscle wasting. Since numerous types of cancer induce cachexia, which has no cure nor an effective treatment, the main proposal here was to study the effects of AET in cancer cachexia, and to investigate, through in vivo manipulation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway, whether the cachectic muscle still presents conditions to respond adaptively to hypertrophic stimuli. Our results could provide a basis for innovative research lines to better understand muscle plasticity and to investigate potential therapeutic approaches necessary to prevent muscle loss. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial and devastating syndrome characterized by severe skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction. As cachexia still has neither a cure nor an effective treatment, better understanding of skeletal muscle plasticity in the context of cancer is of great importance. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown as an important complementary therapy for chronic diseases and associated comorbidities, the impact of AET on skeletal muscle mass maintenance during cancer progression has not been well documented yet. Here, we show that previous AET induced a protective mechanism against tumor-induced muscle wasting by modulating the Akt/mTORC1 signaling and eukaryotic initiation factors, specifically eIF2-α. Thereafter, it was determined whether the in vivo Akt activation would induce a hypertrophic profile in cachectic muscles. As observed for the first time, Akt-induced hypertrophy was able and sufficient to either prevent or revert cancer cachexia by modulating both Akt/mTORC1 pathway and the eIF-2α activation, and induced a better muscle functionality. These findings provide evidence that skeletal muscle tissue still preserves hypertrophic potential to be stimulated by either AET or gene therapy to counteract cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
- Leeds School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.G.P.); (P.C.B.)
| | - Vanessa A. Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
- Sirio-Libanes Hospital, Sao Paulo 01308050, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel C. Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lara de Souza
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
| | - Gabriela S. Borges
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
| | - Ailma O. Paixão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
| | - Ney R. de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
| | - Thomas Scott Bowen
- Leeds School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Marilene Demasi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503900, Brazil;
| | - Elen H. Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (G.C.T.); (L.d.S.); (G.S.B.); (A.O.P.); (N.R.d.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.P.); (P.C.B.)
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13
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Renman D, Gylling B, Vidman L, Bodén S, Strigård K, Palmqvist R, Harlid S, Gunnarsson U, van Guelpen B. Density of CD3 + and CD8 + Cells in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer according to Prediagnostic Physical Activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2317-2326. [PMID: 34607838 PMCID: PMC9398178 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated not only with a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer but also with improved survival. One putative mechanism is the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental findings suggest that physical activity may mobilize immune cells to the tumor. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity prior to colorectal cancer diagnosis are associated with higher densities of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The study setting was a northern Swedish population-based cohort, including 109,792 participants with prospectively collected health- and lifestyle-related data. For 592 participants who later developed colorectal cancer, archival tumor tissue samples were used to assess the density of CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by IHC. Odds ratios for associations between self-reported, prediagnostic recreational physical activity and immune cell infiltration were estimated by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Recreational physical activity >3 times per week was associated with a higher density of CD8+ T cells in the tumor front and center compared with participants reporting no recreational physical activity. Odds ratios were 2.77 (95% CI, 1.21-6.35) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.28-6.33) for the tumor front and center, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor stage. The risk estimates were consistent after additional adjustment for several potential confounders. For CD3, no clear associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may promote the infiltration of CD8+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. IMPACT The study provides some evidence on how physical activity may alter the prognosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renman
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: David Renman, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 46-61184149; E-mail:
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:862-879. [PMID: 34103713 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive effects in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer disease and dementia, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity, focusing on effects on brain function and cognitive enhancement. Emerging therapeutic targets and strategies for the development of exercise mimetics, particularly in the field of central nervous system disorders, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges, are discussed.
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15
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Niels T, Tomanek A, Freitag N, Schumann M. Can Exercise Counteract Cancer Cachexia? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420940414. [PMID: 32954861 PMCID: PMC7503012 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420940414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-cachexia is associated with chronic inflammation, impaired muscle metabolism and body mass loss, all of which are classical targets of physical exercise. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of exercise on body and muscle mass in cachectic cancer hosts. Data Sources: PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until July 2019. Study Selection: Trials had to be randomized controlled trials or controlled trials including cancer patients or animal models with cachexia-inducing tumors. Only sole exercise interventions over at least 7 days performed in a controlled environment were included. Data Extraction: Risk of bias was assessed and a random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes by standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: All eligible 20 studies were performed in rodents. Studies prescribed aerobic (n = 15), strength (n = 3) or combined training (n = 2). No statistical differences were observed for body mass and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis muscles between the exercise and control conditions (SMD = ‒0.05, 95%CI-0.64-0.55, P = 0.87). Exercise duration prior to tumor inoculation was a statistical moderator for changes in body mass under tumor presence (P = 0.04). Limitations: No human trials were identified. A large study heterogeneity was present, probably due to different exercise modalities and outcome reporting. Conclusion: Exercise does not seem to affect cancer-cachexia in rodents. However, the linear regression revealed that exercise duration prior to tumor inoculation led to reduced cachexia-severity, possibly strengthening the rationale for the use of exercise in cancer patients at cachexia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Niels
- University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nils Freitag
- German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Renzini A, Riera CS, Minic I, D’Ercole C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Cedola A, Gigli G, Moresi V, Madaro L. Metabolic Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy as a Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:517. [PMID: 34436458 PMCID: PMC8398298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly responsive tissue, able to remodel its size and metabolism in response to external demand. Muscle fibers can vary from fast glycolytic to slow oxidative, and their frequency in a specific muscle is tightly regulated by fiber maturation, innervation, or external causes. Atrophic conditions, including aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer-induced cachexia, differ in the causative factors and molecular signaling leading to muscle wasting; nevertheless, all of these conditions are characterized by metabolic remodeling, which contributes to the pathological progression of muscle atrophy. Here, we discuss how changes in muscle metabolism can be used as a therapeutic target and review the evidence in support of nutritional interventions and/or physical exercise as tools for counteracting muscle wasting in atrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Carles Sánchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Isidora Minic
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara D’Ercole
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Madaro
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
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17
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Ahmadabadi F, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M, Hoshyar R, Huang CJ. Treatment-induced tumor cell apoptosis following high-intensity interval training and saffron aqueous extract in mice with breast cancer. Physiol Int 2021. [PMID: 33861725 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron aqueous extract (SAE) would provide a synergistic effect to improve tumor volume reduction and also modulate pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression in tumor tissue of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. Female mice following induction of breast cancer through injection of 4T1 cell lines were randomly divided into four groups: (1) HIIT, (2) SAE, (3) HIIT+ SAE, and (4) control. The tumor volume was significantly lower in the HIIT, SAE, and HIIT+SAE groups than in the controls. The protein level of caspase-3 in the HIIT and the SAE groups was higher than in the control and the HIIT+SAE groups. The Bax protein level in the SAE group was higher than in the control. The HIIT+SAE group showed a lower level of Bax than the HIIT and the SAE groups. The protein level of Bcl-2 was higher in the HIIT+SAE vs. both the HIIT and the SAE groups. Finally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the HIIT and the SAE groups than in the HIIT+SAE and control groups. These findings indicate that a combination of HIIT and SAE interventions does not improve the apoptotic induction in tumor tissue, while both HIIT and SAE treatments may mediate apoptotic pathway as evinced by the elevated ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels during tumor progression in breast cancer-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmadabadi
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Saghebjoo
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Hedayati
- 2Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - R Hoshyar
- 3Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - C-J Huang
- 4Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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18
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Leal LG, Lopes MA, Peres SB, Batista ML. Exercise Training as Therapeutic Approach in Cancer Cachexia: A Review of Potential Anti-inflammatory Effect on Muscle Wasting. Front Physiol 2021; 11:570170. [PMID: 33613297 PMCID: PMC7890241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial inflammatory syndrome with high prevalence in cancer patients. It is characterized by a metabolic chaos culminating in drastic reduction in body weight, mainly due to skeletal muscle and fat depletion. Currently, there is not a standard intervention for cachexia, but it is believed that a dynamic approach should be applied early in the course of the disease to maintain or slow the loss of physical function. The present review sought to explain the different clinical and experimental applications of different models of exercise and their contribution to a better prognosis of the disease. Here the advances in knowledge about the application of physical training in experimental models are elucidated, tests that contribute substantially to elucidate the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of exercise in different ways, as well as clinical trials that present not only the impacts of exercise in front cachexia but also the challenges of its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G Leal
- Integrated Group of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Technological Research Group, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Magno A Lopes
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sidney B Peres
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Miguel L Batista
- Integrated Group of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Technological Research Group, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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19
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Xu Y, Rogers CJ. Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention: Possible Role of Immune Mediators. Front Nutr 2020; 7:557997. [PMID: 33134306 PMCID: PMC7578403 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.557997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that physical activity (PA) reduces risk, recurrence, and mortality from breast cancer. Emerging data suggest that PA induces changes in inflammatory and immune mediators that may contribute to beneficial effects on breast cancer outcomes. Thus, the goal of this review was to evaluate the evidence linking the protective benefit of PA to modulation of immune responses in breast cancer. A literature search was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the impact of PA on tumor and immune outcomes in breast cancer patients and in mammary tumor models. Nineteen studies investigated the effect of PA interventions on cancer immune outcomes using preclinical breast cancer models. Tumor growth was reduced in 11 studies, unchanged in three studies, and increased in one study. Spontaneous metastasis was reduced in two studies and survival was improved in four studies. Frequently assessed immune outcomes include splenic cell number and function, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and intratumoral immune cells and inflammatory markers. Circulating inflammatory cytokine responses were heterogeneous in preclinical models. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), several studies documented a change in the infiltration of immune cells with an increase in effector cells and a reduction in immune suppressive cells. Twenty-three studies investigated the effect of PA interventions on immune outcomes in breast cancer patients. Thirteen studies used aerobic PA interventions and 10 studies used a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise interventions. Cycling and treadmill activities were the most commonly used PA modalities. Circulating immune cells and inflammatory cytokines were the most frequently assessed immune outcomes in the clinical studies. Among the 19 studies that evaluated a PA intervention during the post treatment period, 10 reported a reduction in the levels of at least one inflammatory cytokine. No inflammatory cytokines were quantified in the three studies that evaluated a PA intervention during treatment with chemotherapy. Immune outcomes within the tumor were assessed in only one study performing a PA intervention prior to surgery. Results from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that PA exerts heterogeneous effects on inflammatory cytokines, but may alter the gene expression profile and immune infiltrates in the tumor which may result in a reduction in immunosuppressive factors. However, additional studies are needed to better understand the effect of PA on immune outcomes in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xu
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
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20
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Ma W, Zhang Y, Yu M, Wang B, Xu S, Zhang J, Li X, Ye X. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-breast cancer activity of synergistic effect of berberine and exercise through promoting the apoptosis and immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106787. [PMID: 32707493 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common reason of cancer death in women. Berberine (BBR), a main alkaloid in Coptis chinensis, exerted anti-cancer activities. Exercise is a new immunotherapy treatment against cancer. However, it is unclear whether exercise has effects on breast cancer and whether exercise has synergistic anti-cancer effect when co-treated with BBR. Thus, it is assumed that exercise might exert an anti-cancer effect through the immune way. METHOD The anti-tumor effect of exercise and BBR in vivo was studied in mice. The MTT method, hoechst staining and cell morphology were performed to determine the synergistic effect of exercise and BBR on breast cancer in vitro. At the same time, Western blotting, intestinal microbial and SCFA detection, Q-PCR and other methods were used to study the anti-cancer molecular mechanism. RESULTS The study found that exercise and BBR co-treatment significantly slowed the progression of breast cancer in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (p < 0.01). Compared with the TC group, the infiltration of NK cells increased in the combined group of BBR and exercise (p < 0.01), and the expression of immune factors and cytokines was also regulated. At the same time, the synergistic effect significantly increased the level of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA can promote apoptosis of 4T1 cells and change the inflammatory factors in vitro. The expression of bcl-2 and XIAP was reduced in tumor tissues, and the expression of Fas, Fadd, Bid, Cyto-C, and Caspase-3/8/9 was also increased in vitro experiments (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the synergistic treatment of exercise and BBR can improve the immune system, regulate intestinal microbial metabolite (SCFA), activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and Fas death receptor apoptosis pathway, and thus play an anticancer role. This may provide a new method for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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21
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Martins CG, Appel MH, Coutinho DSS, Soares IP, Fischer S, de Oliveira BC, Fachi MM, Pontarolo R, Bonatto SJR, Fernandes LC, Iagher F, de Souza LM. Consumption of latex from Euphorbia tirucalli L. promotes a reduction of tumor growth and cachexia, and immunomodulation in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112722. [PMID: 32114165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia tirucalli L. is an African plant that grows well in Brazil. Individuals diagnosed with cancer frequently consume latex from E. tirucalli, dissolved in drinking water. In vitro studies confirm the antitumor potential of E. tirucalli latex, but in vivo evaluations are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of intake of an aqueous solution of E. tirucalli latex on tumor growth, cachexia, and immune response in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Latex from E. tirucalli was collected and analyzed by LC-MS. Sixty male Wistar rats (age, 90 days) were randomly divided into four groups: C, control group (without tumor); W, Walker 256 tumor-bearing group; SW1, W animals but treated with 25 μL latex/mL water; and SW2, W animals but treated with 50 μL latex/mL water. Animals received 1 mL of latex solution once a day by gavage. After 15 d, animals were euthanized, tumor mass was determined, and glucose and triacylglycerol serum levels were measured by using commercial kits. Change in the body weight during tumor development was calculated, and proliferation capacity of tumor cells was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay. Phagocytosis and superoxide anion production by peritoneal macrophages and circulating neutrophils were analyzed by enzymatic and colorimetric assays. Data are analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS The analysis of the latex revealed the presence of triterpenes. The ingestion of the latex aqueous solution promoted 40% and 60% reduction of the tumor mass in SW1 and SW2 groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The proliferative capacity of tumor cells from SW2 group was 76% lower than that of cells from W group (p < 0.0001). Animals treated with latex gained, on average, 20 g (SW1) and 8 g (SW2) weight. Glucose and triacylglycerol serum levels in SW1 and SW2 animals were similar to those in C group rats. Peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils from SW1 and SW2 animals produced 30-40% less superoxide anions than those from W group animals (p < 0.05), but neutrophils from SW2 group showed an increased phagocytic capacity (20%, vs. W group). CONCLUSIONS E. tirucalli latex, administered orally for 15 d, efficiently reduced tumor growth and cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Decreased tumor cell proliferative capacity was one of the mechanisms involved in this effect. Further, the data suggest immunomodulatory properties of E. tirucalli latex. The results agree with folk data on the antitumor effect of latex ingestion, indicating that it may be useful as an adjunct in the treatment of cancer patients. For this, further in vivo studies in animal and human models need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Martins
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia H Appel
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Débora S S Coutinho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Igor P Soares
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stefani Fischer
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna C de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Fachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandro J R Bonatto
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Iagher
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lauro M de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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22
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Venturini E, Iannuzzo G, D’Andrea A, Pacileo M, Tarantini L, Canale M, Gentile M, Vitale G, Sarullo F, Vastarella R, Di Lorenzo A, Testa C, Parlato A, Vigorito C, Giallauria F. Oncology and Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Underrated Relationship. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1810. [PMID: 32532011 PMCID: PMC7356735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are globally the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. These conditions are closely related, beyond that of sharing many risk factors. The term bidirectional relationship indicates that cardiovascular diseases increase the likelihood of getting cancer and vice versa. The biological and biochemical pathways underlying this close relationship will be analyzed. In this new overlapping scenario, physical activity and exercise are proven protective behaviors against both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Many observational studies link an increase in physical activity to a reduction in either the development or progression of cancer, as well as to a reduction in risk in cardiovascular diseases, a non-negligible cause of death for long-term cancer survivors. Exercise is an effective tool for improving cardio-respiratory fitness, quality of life, psychological wellbeing, reducing fatigue, anxiety and depression. Finally, it can counteract the toxic effects of cancer therapy. The protection obtained from physical activity and exercise will be discussed in the various stages of the cancer continuum, from diagnosis, to adjuvant therapy, and from the metastatic phase to long-term effects. Particular attention will be paid to the shelter against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, cardiovascular risk factors or new onset cardiovascular diseases. Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation is an exercise-based multi-component intervention, starting from the model of Cardiac Rehabilitation, with few modifications, to improve care and the prognosis of a patient's cancer. The network of professionals dedicated to Cardiac Rehabilitation is a ready-to-use resource, for implementing Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Venturini
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Cecina Civil Hospital, 57023 LI Cecina, Italy
| | - G. Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.G.)
| | - A. D’Andrea
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Care, “Umberto I” Hospital, Viale San Francesco, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 SA, Italy; (A.D.); (M.P.)
| | - M. Pacileo
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Care, “Umberto I” Hospital, Viale San Francesco, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 SA, Italy; (A.D.); (M.P.)
| | - L. Tarantini
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Martino ULSS1 Dolomiti, 32100 Belluno, Italy;
| | - M.L. Canale
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Ospedale Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, 55041 LU, Italy;
| | - M. Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.I.); (M.G.)
| | - G. Vitale
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (F.M.S.)
| | - F.M. Sarullo
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (F.M.S.)
| | - R. Vastarella
- UOSD Scompenso Cardiaco e Cardiologia Riabilitativa, AORN Ospedale dei Colli-Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - A. Di Lorenzo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (F.G.)
| | - C. Testa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (F.G.)
| | - A. Parlato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (F.G.)
| | - C. Vigorito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (F.G.)
| | - F. Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (C.T.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (F.G.)
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23
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Holmen Olofsson G, Jensen AWP, Idorn M, thor Straten P. Exercise Oncology and Immuno-Oncology; A (Future) Dynamic Duo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113816. [PMID: 32471301 PMCID: PMC7312459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in clinical oncology is based on exploiting the capacity of the immune system to combat cancer: immuno-oncology. Thus, immunotherapy of cancer is now used to treat a variety of malignant diseases. A striking feature is that even patients with late-stage disease may experience curative responses. However, most patients still succumb to disease, and do not benefit from treatment. Exercise has gained attention in clinical oncology and has been used for many years to improve quality of life, as well as to counteract chemotherapy-related complications. However, more recently, exercise has garnered interest, largely due to data from animal studies suggesting a striking therapeutic effect in preclinical cancer models; an effect largely mediated by the immune system. In humans, physical activity is associated with a lower risk for a variety of malignancies, and some data suggest a positive clinical effect for cancer patients. Exercise leads to mobilization of cells of the immune system, resulting in redistribution to different body compartments, and in preclinical models, exercise has been shown to lead to immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment. This suggests that exercise and immunotherapy could have a synergistic effect if combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Holmen Olofsson
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (G.H.O.); (P.t.S.)
| | - Agnete Witness Praest Jensen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Per thor Straten
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (G.H.O.); (P.t.S.)
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24
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Alves CRR, Neves WD, de Almeida NR, Eichelberger EJ, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Tobias GC, Bechara LRG, de Paula Faria D, Alves MJN, Hagen L, Sharma A, Slupphaug G, Moreira JBN, Wisloff U, Hirshman MF, Negrão CE, de Castro G, Chammas R, Swoboda KJ, Ruas JL, Goodyear LJ, Brum PC. Exercise training reverses cancer-induced oxidative stress and decrease in muscle COPS2/TRIP15/ALIEN. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101012. [PMID: 32408015 PMCID: PMC7283151 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would attenuate metabolic impairment in a model of severe cancer cachexia. METHODS We used multiple in vivo and in vitro methods to explore the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects induced by exercise training in tumor-bearing rats. RESULTS Exercise training improved running capacity, prolonged lifespan, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized muscle mass and contractile function in tumor-bearing rats. An unbiased proteomic screening revealed COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2 (COPS2) as one of the most downregulated proteins in skeletal muscle at the early stage of cancer cachexia. Exercise training normalized muscle COPS2 protein expression in tumor-bearing rats and mice. Lung cancer patients with low endurance capacity had low muscle COPS2 protein expression as compared to age-matched control subjects. To test whether decrease in COPS2 protein levels could aggravate or be an intrinsic compensatory mechanism to protect myotubes from cancer effects, we performed experiments in vitro using primary myotubes. COPS2 knockdown in human myotubes affected multiple cellular pathways, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Incubation of cancer-conditioned media in mouse myotubes decreased F-actin expression, which was partially restored by COPS2 knockdown. Direct repeat 4 (DR4) response elements have been shown to positively regulate gene expression. COPS2 overexpression decreased the DR4 activity in mouse myoblasts, and COPS2 knockdown inhibited the effects of cancer-conditioned media on DR4 activity. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that exercise training may be an important adjuvant therapy to counteract cancer cachexia and uncovered novel mechanisms involving COPS2 to regulate myotube homeostasis in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Willian das Neves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric J Eichelberger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J N Alves
- Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - José B N Moreira
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Louzada RA, Bouviere J, Matta LP, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Dupuy C, Carvalho DP, Fortunato RS. Redox Signaling in Widespread Health Benefits of Exercise. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:745-760. [PMID: 32174127 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms that are responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise in muscle. Beyond the positive effect of exercise on skeletal muscle cells, other tissues such as white and brown adipose, liver, central nervous system, endothelial, heart, and endocrine organ tissues are also responsive to exercise. Recent Advances: Crosstalk between different cells is essential to achieve homeostasis and to promote the benefits of exercise through paracrine or endocrine signaling. This crosstalk can be mediated by different effectors that include the secretion of metabolites of muscle contraction, myokines, and exosomes. During the past 20 years, it has been demonstrated that contracting muscle cells produce and secrete different classes of myokines, which functionally link muscle with nearly all other cell types. Critical Issues: The redox signaling behind this exercise-induced crosstalk is now being decoded. Many of these widespread beneficial effects of exercise require not only a complex ROS-dependent intramuscular signaling cascade but simultaneously, an integrated network with many remote tissues. Future Directions: Strong evidence suggests that the powerful beneficial effect of regular physical activity for preventing (or treating) a large range of disorders might also rely on ROS-mediated signaling. Within a contracting muscle, ROS signaling may control exosomes and myokines secretion. In remote tissues, exercise generates regular and synchronized ROS waves, creating a transient pro-oxidative environment in many cells. These new concepts integrate exercise, ROS-mediated signaling, and the widespread health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy A Louzada
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, UMR 8200 CNRS and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Bouviere
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Matta
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, UMR 8200 CNRS and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Fei Z, Li D, Li K, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Y, Sun Z. Detraining after tumor-bearing accelerates tumor growth while continuous training decreases tumor growth in mice. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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27
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Zhang X, Cao L, Ji B, Li L, Qi Z, Ding S. Endurance training but not high-intensity interval training reduces liver carcinogenesis in mice with hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110853. [PMID: 31987916 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity may reduce cancer initiation. High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been reported to be superior to moderate continuous endurance training (ET) for maximizing health outcomes in cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of HIT vs. ET in the prevention of liver cancer is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine how HIT vs. ET affects cancer initiation in mice with the hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). C57BL/6 mice were treated with DEN at 3-12 weeks of age and, from 8 to 26 weeks of age, treated with either of exercise modes on treadmill: HIT (85-90% VO2max with intervals) and ET (65-75% VO2max without intervals). We found that mice treated with ET had lower cancer initiation but higher fat mass compared to control DEN-injected mice. In contrast, HIT could not significantly reduce cancer initiation and tumor volumes. Metabolomic analysis in the liver indicated marked differences in cholesterol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, uracil, hydroxypyridine and maltose between HIT- and ET-treated mice, and demonstrated good and obvious separation between ET and DEN control group. Furthermore, mice treated with ET had lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-proliferation genes in liver compared to DEN control group. ET protocol reduced the accumulation of toxic metabolite carbamate, increased the protein level of caspase-1, and reduced JNK phosphorylation in liver. These data indicates that moderate-intensity endurance training may be superior to high-intensity interval training for reducing liver cancer initiation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Xuhui Campus, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Benlong Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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29
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Moreira VM, Almeida D, da Silva Franco CC, Gomes RM, Palma-Rigo K, Prates KV, Tófolo LP, Malta A, Francisco FA, Pavanello A, Previate C, da Silva Silveira S, Ribeiro TA, Martins IP, de Moraes AMP, Matiusso CCI, Saavedra LPJ, de Barros Machado KG, Fabbri Corá T, Gongora A, Cardozo LE, da Silva PHO, Venci R, Vieira E, de Oliveira JC, Miranda RA, de Souza HM, Miksza D, da Costa Lima LD, de Castro-Prado MAA, Rinaldi W, de Freitas Mathias PC. Moderate exercise training since adolescence reduces Walker 256 tumour growth in adult rats. J Physiol 2019; 597:3905-3925. [PMID: 31210356 DOI: 10.1113/jp277645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cancer growth, cell proliferation and cachexia index can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins in adolescence. Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats who started exercise training during adolescence did not revert the basal low glycaemia and insulinaemia observed before tumour cell inoculation. The moderate exercise training improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity only in rats exercised early in adolescence. The chronic effects of our exercise protocol are be beneficial to prevent cancer cachexia and hold clear potential as a nonpharmacological therapy of insulin sensitization. ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that moderate exercise training, performed early, starting during adolescence or later in life during adulthood, can inhibit tumour cell growth as a result of changes in biometric and metabolic markers. Male rats that were 30 and 70 days old performed a treadmill running protocol over 8 weeks for 3 days week-1 , 44 min day-1 and at 55-65% V ̇ O 2 max . After the end of training, a batch of rats was inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma cells. At 15 days after carcinoma cell inoculation, the tumour was weighed and certain metabolic parameters were evaluated. The data demonstrated that physical performance was better in rats that started exercise training during adolescence according to the final workload and V ̇ O 2 max . Early or later moderate exercise training decreased the cachexia index, cell proliferation and tumour growth; however, the effects were more pronounced in rats that exercised during adolescence. Low glycaemia, insulinaemia and tissue insulin sensitivity was not reverted in Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats who trained during adolescence. Cancer growth can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins during adolescence. In addition, improvement in glucose-insulin homeostasis might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Katia Gama de Barros Machado
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Thauany Fabbri Corá
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriane Gongora
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Cardozo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Olivieri da Silva
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Renan Venci
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Águas Claras, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysis Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Miksza
- Department of Physiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Delmar da Costa Lima
- Superior School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy of Goiás State, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marialba Avezum Alves de Castro-Prado
- Laboratory of Microorganisms Genetics and Mutagenesis, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilson Rinaldi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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30
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PADILHA CAMILAS, TESTA MAYRAT, MARINELLO POLIANAC, CELLA PAOLAS, VOLTARELLI FABRÍCIOA, FRAJACOMO FERNANDOT, CECHINI RUBENS, DUARTE JOSÉALBERTOR, GUARNIER FLAVIAA, DEMINICE RAFAEL. Resistance Exercise Counteracts Tumor Growth in Two Carcinoma Rodent Models. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:2003-2011. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Data from observational studies indicate that both physical activity as well as exercise (ie, structured physical activity) is associated with reductions in the risk of recurrence and cancer mortality after a diagnosis of certain forms of cancer. Emerging evidence from preclinical studies indicates that physical activity/exercise paradigms regulate intratumoral vascular maturity and perfusion, hypoxia, and metabolism and augments the antitumor immune response. Such responses may, in turn, enhance response to standard anticancer treatments. For instance, exercise improves efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, and there is rationale to believe that it will also improve radiotherapy response. This review overviews the current preclinical as well as clinical evidence supporting exercise modulation of therapeutic response and postulated biological mechanisms underpinning such effects. We also examine the implications for tumor response to radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Ashcraft
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC..
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32
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Eschke RCKR, Lampit A, Schenk A, Javelle F, Steindorf K, Diel P, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Impact of Physical Exercise on Growth and Progression of Cancer in Rodents-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:35. [PMID: 30805305 PMCID: PMC6370688 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical exercise is suspected to reduce cancer risk and mortality. So far, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Although limited, murine models represent a promising attempt in order to gain knowledge in this field. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis examining various treatment protocols was conducted in order to determine the impact of exercise on tumor growth in rodents. Methods: PubMed, Google scholar and System for information on Gray literature in Europe were screened from inception to October 2017. Risk of bias within individual studies was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation risk of bias rating tool for human and animal trials. The effect of exercise on tumor growth over and above non-exercise control was pooled using random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential moderators. Results: The quality of the included 17 articles ranged between "probably low" and "high risk of bias." A significant reduction in tumor growth in exercising animals compared to controls was detected (Hedges' g = -0.40; 95% CI -0.66 to -0.14, p < 0.01) with between-study heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.217, I 2 = 70.28%, p < 0.001). The heterogeneity was partially explained by three moderators representing the in-between group differences of "maximum daily exercise" R 2 = 33% (p < 0.01), "type of cancer administration" R 2 = 28% (p < 0.05), and "training initiation" R 2 = 27% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that physical exercise leads to reduction of tumor size in rodents. Since "maximum daily exercise" was found to have at least modest impact on tumor growth, more clinical trials investigating dose-response relationships are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Lampit
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Alves CR, Faria DDP, Carneiro CDG, Garcez AT, Gutierrez VP, das Neves W, de Almeida NR, Cury Y, Chammas R, Brum PC. 18F-Fluoride PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT can detect bone cancer at early stage in rodents. Life Sci 2018; 206:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Lemke D, Pledl HW, Zorn M, Jugold M, Green E, Blaes J, Löw S, Hertenstein A, Ott M, Sahm F, Steffen AC, Weiler M, Winkler F, Platten M, Dong Z, Wick W. Slowing down glioblastoma progression in mice by running or the anti-malarial drug dihydroartemisinin? Induction of oxidative stress in murine glioblastoma therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56713-56725. [PMID: 27447560 PMCID: PMC5302947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influencing cancer metabolism by lifestyle changes is an attractive strategy as - if effective - exercise-induced problems may be less severe than those induced by classical anti-cancer therapies. Pursuing this idea, clinical trials evaluated the benefit of e.g. different diets such as the ketogenic diet, intermittent caloric restriction and physical exercise (PE) in the primary and secondary prevention of different cancer types. PE proved to be beneficial in the context of breast and colon cancer.Glioblastoma has a dismal prognosis, with an average overall survival of about one year despite maximal safe resection, concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide therapy. Here, we focused on the influence of PE as an isolated and adjuvant treatment in murine GB therapy.PE did not reduce toxic side effects of chemotherapy in mice administered in a dose escalating scheme as shown before for starvation. Although regular treadmill training on its own had no obvious beneficial effects, its combination with temozolomide was beneficial in the treatment of glioblastoma-bearing mice. As PE might partly act through the induction of reactive oxygen species, dihydroartemisinin - an approved anti-malarial drug which induces oxidative stress in glioma cells - was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Dihydroartemisinin showed anti-glioma activity by promoting autophagy, reduced the clonogenic survival and proliferation capacity of glioma cells, and prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice. Using the reactive oxygen species scavenger n-acetyl-cysteine these effects were in part reversible, suggesting that dihydroartemisinin partly acts through the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lemke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Pledl
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Central Laboratory of Heidelberg University Hospital, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jugold
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ed Green
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Löw
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Hertenstein
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Ott
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Catherine Steffen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Hofmann P. Cancer and Exercise: Warburg Hypothesis, Tumour Metabolism and High-Intensity Anaerobic Exercise. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010010. [PMID: 29910314 PMCID: PMC5969185 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that regular moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity is related to a reduced risk for various forms of cancer to suggest a causal relationship. Exercise is associated with positive changes in fitness, body composition, and physical functioning as well as in patient-reported outcomes such as fatigue, sleep quality, or health-related quality of life. Emerging evidence indicates that exercise may also be directly linked to the control of tumour biology through direct effects on tumour-intrinsic factors. Beside a multitude of effects of exercise on the human body, one underscored effect of exercise training is to target the specific metabolism of tumour cells, namely the Warburg-type highly glycolytic metabolism. Tumour metabolism as well as the tumour–host interaction may be selectively influenced by single bouts as well as regularly applied exercise, dependent on exercise intensity, duration, frequency and mode. High-intensity anaerobic exercise was shown to inhibit glycolysis and some studies in animals showed that effects on tumour growth might be stronger compared with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. High-intensity exercise was shown to be safe in patients; however, it has to be applied carefully with an individualized prescription of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Max Mell Allee 11, Graz 8010, Austria.
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36
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Padilha CS, Borges FH, Costa Mendes da Silva LE, Frajacomo FTT, Jordao AA, Duarte JA, Cecchini R, Guarnier FA, Deminice R. Resistance exercise attenuates skeletal muscle oxidative stress, systemic pro-inflammatory state, and cachexia in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:916-923. [PMID: 28475846 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training (RET) on oxidative stress, systemic inflammatory markers, and muscle wasting in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Male (Wistar) rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary controls (n = 9), tumor-bearing (n = 9), exercised (n = 9), and tumor-bearing exercised (n = 10). Exercised and tumor-bearing exercised rats were exposed to resistance exercise of climbing a ladder apparatus with weights tied to their tails for 6 weeks. The physical activity of control and tumor-bearing rats was confined to the space of the cage. After this period, tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing exercised animals were inoculated subcutaneously with Walker-256 tumor cells (11.0 × 107 cells in 0.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline) while control and exercised rats were injected with vehicle. Following inoculation, rats maintained resistance exercise training (exercised and tumor-bearing exercised) or sedentary behavior (control and tumor-bearing) for 12 more days, after which they were euthanized. Results showed muscle wasting in the tumor-bearing group, with body weight loss, increased systemic leukocytes, and inflammatory interleukins as well as muscular oxidative stress and reduced mTOR signaling. In contrast, RET in the tumor-bearing exercised group was able to mitigate the reduced body weight and muscle wasting with the attenuation of muscle oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory markers. RET also prevented loss of muscle strength associated with tumor development. RET, however, did not prevent the muscle proteolysis signaling via FBXO32 gene messenger RNA expression in the tumor-bearing group. In conclusion, RET performed prior tumor implantation prevents cachexia development by attenuating tumor-induced systemic pro-inflammatory condition with muscle oxidative stress and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Souza Padilha
- a Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Borges
- b Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Adaptations, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Tadeu Trevisan Frajacomo
- a Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil.,d Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordao
- c Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Cecchini
- b Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Adaptations, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
- b Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Adaptations, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- a Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil
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37
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Loss of strength capacity is associated with mortality, but resistance exercise training promotes only modest effects during cachexia progression. Life Sci 2016; 163:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Ashcraft KA, Peace RM, Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4032-50. [PMID: 27381680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major objective of the emerging field of exercise-oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Arguably, critical next steps in the development of exercise as a candidate treatment in cancer control require preclinical studies to validate the biological efficacy of exercise, identify the optimal "dose", and pinpoint mechanisms of action. To evaluate the current evidence base, we conducted a critical systematic review of in vivo studies investigating the effects of exercise in cancer prevention and progression. Studies were evaluated on the basis of tumor outcomes (e.g., incidence, growth, latency, metastasis), dose-response, and mechanisms of action, when available. A total of 53 studies were identified and evaluated on tumor incidence (n = 24), tumor growth (n = 33), or metastasis (n = 10). We report that the current evidence base is plagued by considerable methodologic heterogeneity in all aspects of study design, endpoints, and efficacy. Such heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons and conclusions at present. To this end, we provide a framework of methodologic and data reporting standards to strengthen the field to guide the conduct of high-quality studies required to inform translational, mechanism-driven clinical trials. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4032-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph M Peace
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Khamoui AV, Park BS, Kim DH, Yeh MC, Oh SL, Elam ML, Jo E, Arjmandi BH, Salazar G, Grant SC, Contreras RJ, Lee WJ, Kim JS. Aerobic and resistance training dependent skeletal muscle plasticity in the colon-26 murine model of cancer cachexia. Metabolism 2016; 65:685-698. [PMID: 27085776 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The appropriate mode of exercise training for cancer cachexia is not well-established. Using the colon-26 (C26) mouse model of cancer cachexia, we defined and compared the skeletal muscle responses to aerobic and resistance training. METHODS Twelve-month old Balb/c mice were initially assigned to control, aerobic training (AT; wheel running), or resistance training (RT; ladder climbing) (n=16-17/group). After 8weeks of training, half of each group was injected with C26 tumor cells, followed by 3 additional weeks of training. Body composition and neuromuscular function was evaluated pre- and post-training. Muscles were collected post-training and analyzed for fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), Akt-mTOR signaling, and expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and myogenic regulatory factors. RESULTS Total body mass decreased (p<0.05) in C26 (-8%), AT+C26 (-18%), and RT+C26 (-15%) but not control. Sensorimotor function declined (p<0.05) in control (-16%), C26 (-13%), and RT+C26 (-23%) but not AT+C26. Similarly, strength/body weight decreased (p<0.05) in control (-7%), C26 (-21%), and RT+C26 (-10%) but not AT+C26. Gastrocnemius mass/body weight tended to be greater in AT+C26 vs. C26 (+6%, p=0.09). Enlargement of the spleen was partially corrected in AT+C26 (-27% vs. C26, p<0.05). Fiber CSA was lower in all C26 groups vs. control (-32% to 46%, p<0.05); however, the effect size calculated from C26 and AT+C26 was large (+24%, d=1.04). Phosphorylated levels of mTOR in AT+C26 exceeded C26 (+32%, p<0.05). RT+C26 showed greater mRNA expression (p<0.05) of IGF-IEa (+79%) and myogenin (+126%) with a strong tendency for greater IGF-IEb (+127%, p=0.069) vs. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic or resistance training was unable to prevent tumor-induced body weight loss. However, aerobic training may have preserved function, reduced the inflammatory response of the spleen, and marginally rescued muscle mass possibly through activation of mTOR. Aerobic training may therefore have therapeutic value for patients with cancer cachexia. In contrast, resistance training induced the expression of genes associated with muscle damage and repair. This gene response may be supportive of excessive stress generated by high resistance loading in a tumor-bearing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bong-Sup Park
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ming-Chia Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Seung-Lyul Oh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marcus L Elam
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Contreras
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; The Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Aerobic exercise training as therapy for cardiac and cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2015; 125:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lymphocyte glucose and glutamine metabolism as targets of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of exercise. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:326803. [PMID: 24987195 PMCID: PMC4060061 DOI: 10.1155/2014/326803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and glutamine are important energetic and biosynthetic nutrients for T and B lymphocytes. These cells consume both nutrients at high rates in a function-dependent manner. In other words, the pathways that control lymphocyte function and survival directly control the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways. Therefore, lymphocytes in different functional states reprogram their glucose and glutamine metabolism to balance their requirement for ATP and macromolecule production. The tight association between metabolism and function in these cells was suggested to introduce the possibility of several pathologies resulting from the inability of lymphocytes to meet their nutrient demands under a given condition. In fact, disruptions in lymphocyte metabolism and function have been observed in different inflammatory, metabolic, and autoimmune pathologies. Regular physical exercise and physical activity offer protection against several chronic pathologies, and this benefit has been associated with the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of exercise/physical activity. Chronic exercise induces changes in lymphocyte functionality and substrate metabolism. In the present review, we discuss whether the beneficial effects of exercise on lymphocyte function in health and disease are associated with modulation of the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways.
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Xu YJ, Cheng JCH, Lee JM, Chen CCH. Management of Malnutrition in Esophageal Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2311-3006(16)30019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Meneguello-Coutinho M, Caperuto E, Bacurau AVN, Chamusca G, Uchida MC, Tibana RA, Pereira GB, Navalta JW, Wasinski F, Cavaglieri CR, Prestes J, Costa Rosa LFBP, Bacurau RF. Effects of dietary restriction or swimming on lymphocytes and macrophages functionality from old rats. Immunol Invest 2013; 43:113-22. [PMID: 24206426 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.847456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although aging compromises the functionality of macrophages (MΦ) and lymphocytes (LY), and dietary restriction (DR) and exercise partially counterbalance immunosenescence, it is unknown what effects of both strategies have on the functionality of these immune cells. Rats were randomly distributed into adult control (AD), older group (OLD), older submitted to 50% of DR (DR) and older submitted to swimming (EX) (n = 10 in each group). The function of immune cells (proliferative index, phagocytic capacity and H₂O₂ production), the weight and protein content of lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen), plasma glutamine concentration, interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6) and, immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) were analysed. There was an increase of 74% in body weight in aged animals as compared with the AD group, while body weight reduced 19% in the DR as compared with the OLD group. Swimming training stimulated MΦ phagocytosis, while the EX group presented a decrease of the proliferative capacity of LY from the mesenteric lymph nodes (44% and 62%, respectively), when stimulated with ConA and LPS as compared with the old rats. These data demonstrated that DR and exercise affects differentially MΦ and LY function.
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Navarro F, Bacurau AVN, Pereira GB, Araújo RC, Almeida SS, Moraes MR, Uchida MC, Costa Rosa LFBP, Navalta J, Prestes J, Bacurau RFP. Moderate exercise increases the metabolism and immune function of lymphocytes in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1343-52. [PMID: 23212119 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise modulates both glucose and glutamine metabolism which influences lymphocyte function. We investigated the influence of chronic moderate exercise on glucose and glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes, the associated influence on proliferation, and cytokine and immunoglobulin production. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were placed in an exercise training group (N = 15, 1 h day(-1) at 60 % VO₂max, 5 days week(-1)) for 8 weeks of exercise, or a sedentary control group. Twenty-four hours following the final training session, lymphocytes were separated, and the incorporation of [U-14C]-glucose, [U-14C]-glutamine, and [2-14C]-thymidine from the supernatant was measured. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and glutaminase was measured. Lymphocytes were stimulated with ConA and LPS and incubated with the Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and plasma IgG and IgE were measured. Glutamine metabolism increased in both T and B lymphocytes in the trained group. In the trained group, proliferative capacity increased T lymphocytes under ConA stimulation, and increased B lymphocytes with LPS. There was a significant increase in IL-2 production and decrease in IL-4 in the trained group compared with sedentary controls. IL-2R and TNFR increased in trained rats while IL-4R decreased and were more pronounced in T lymphocytes compared with B lymphocytes. In both lymphocyte subsets, exercise training significantly increased the expression of CD54+ and CD30+ cell markers. Exercise training increased plasma IgG compared with the sedentary group. In conclusion, moderate exercise training improves immune function and metabolism in T and B lymphocytes, reflecting an increased ability to respond to immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarro
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhao, Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, São Luís, MA CEP 65085-580, Brazil
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de Lima C, Alves L, Iagher F, Machado AF, Kryczyk M, Yamazaki RK, Brito GAP, Nunes EA, Naliwaiko K, Fernandes LC. Tumor growth reduction in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats performing anaerobic exercise: participation of Bcl-2, Bax, apoptosis, and peroxidation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:533-8. [PMID: 21851206 DOI: 10.1139/h11-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been used in cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, we investigated some of the mechanisms by which anaerobic exercise reduces tumor growth. To do so, rats were trained for 8 weeks. Training consisted of jumping in a swimming pool for ten 30-s sets, with a load that was 50% of body weight attached to the back, 4 times per week. At the sixth week, anaerobic exercise trained rats (EX group) were inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells. Tumor weight, apoptotic tumor cells, tumor Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, tumor lipid peroxidation, and tumor cell proliferation ex vivo were evaluated. Tumor weight was significantly lower in the EX group (∼30%) than in rats that did not undergo training (sedentary group) (p < 0.05). Apoptosis in the tumor cells of EX rats was 2-fold higher than in the tumor cells of sedentary rats; in addition, Bax expression increased by 10% and Bcl-2 decreased by 13% in EX rats. Lipid peroxidation was 4-fold higher in the tumor cells of EX rats than in those of sedentary rats (p < 0.05). Tumor cell proliferation ex vivo was 29% lower in the EX group than in the sedentary group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Walker 256 tumor-bearing exercised rats presented more tumor cell apoptosis, a higher tumor content of lipid peroxides, pro-apoptotic protein expression balance, and reduced tumor weight and cell proliferation ex vivo, compared with sedentary rats. These events, together, account for the lower tumor growth we observed in the EX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina de Lima
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Salomão EM, Toneto AT, Silva GO, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Physical exercise and a leucine-rich diet modulate the muscle protein metabolism in Walker tumor-bearing rats. Nutr Cancer 2011; 62:1095-104. [PMID: 21058197 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.492082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-supplemented diet can recover lean body mass and preserve muscle protein mass. Additionally, physical exercise can be an excellent alternative to improve the rehabilitation of cancer patients. Knowing these facts, we examined the effects of a leucine-rich diet with or without physical aerobic exercise on muscle protein metabolism in Walker tumor-bearing rats. Young rats were divided into 4 groups that did or did not perform light aerobic exercise (swim training) and were on a leucine-rich diet or a control diet for 2 mo. After this time, these animals were implanted or not with tumors (subcutaneously) following groups for either control diet or leucine-rich diet fed rats: control, trained, tumor-bearing, and trained tumor-bearing. Twenty-one days after implantation, the tumor growth induced a decrease in the muscle protein synthesis and increased the catabolic process, which was associated with an increase in the expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome subunits (20S, 19S, and 11S). In contrast, the exercise program minimized the muscle degradation process and increased muscle myosin content. Additionally, leucine supplementation also modulated proteasome subunits, especially the 19S and 11S. In summary, the exercise has beneficial effects by reducing tumor growth, leading to an improvement in protein turnover especially when in conjunction with a leucine-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilianne M Salomão
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Changes in glucose and glutamine lymphocyte metabolisms induced by type I interferon α. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:364290. [PMID: 21234393 PMCID: PMC3017935 DOI: 10.1155/2010/364290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In lymphocytes (LY), the well-documented antiproliferative effects of IFN-α are associated with inhibition of protein synthesis, decreased amino acid incorporation, and cell cycle arrest. However, the effects of this cytokine on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in these cells have not been well investigated. Thus, mesenteric and spleen LY of male Wistar rats were cultured in the presence or absence of IFN-α, and the changes on glucose and glutamine metabolisms were investigated. The reduced proliferation of mesenteric LY was accompanied by a reduction in glucose total consumption (35%), aerobic glucose metabolism (55%), maximal activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (49%), citrate synthase activity (34%), total glutamine consumption (30%), aerobic glutamine consumption (20.3%) and glutaminase activity (56%). In LY isolated from spleen, IFNα also reduced the proliferation and impaired metabolism. These data demonstrate that in LY, the antiproliferative effects of IFNα are associated with a reduction in glucose and glutamine metabolisms.
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Navarro F, Bacurau AVN, Almeida SS, Barros CC, Moraes MR, Pesquero JL, Ribeiro SML, Araújo RC, Costa Rosa LFBP, Bacurau RFP. Exercise prevents the effects of experimental arthritis on the metabolism and function of immune cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:266-73. [PMID: 20517889 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Active lymphocytes (LY) and macrophages (MPhi) are involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to its anti-inflammatory effect, physical exercise may be beneficial in RA by acting on the immune system (IS). Thus, female Wistar rats with type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were submitted to swimming training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day) and some biochemical and immune parameters, such as the metabolism of glucose and glutamine and function of LY and MPhi, were evaluated. In addition, plasma levels of some hormones and of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were also determined. Results demonstrate that CIA increased lymphocyte proliferation (1.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, in response to concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), as well as macrophage H(2)O(2) production (1.6-fold), in comparison to control. Exercise training prevented the activation of immune cells, induced by CIA, and established a pattern of substrate utilization similar to that described as normal for these cells. Exercise also promoted an elevation of plasma levels of corticosterone (22.2%), progesterone (1.7-fold) and IL-2 (2.6-fold). Our data suggest that chronic exercise is able to counterbalance the effects of CIA on cells of the IS, reinforcing the proposal that the benefits of exercise may not be restricted to aerobic capacity and/or strength improvement.
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Vitorino DC, Buzzachera CF, Curi R, Fernandes LC. Effect of chronic supplementation with shark liver oil on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:1225-32. [PMID: 20033704 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that chronic supplementation with shark liver oil (SLO) improves immune response of lymphocyte, macrophage and neutrophil in animal models and humans. In a similar manner, exercise training also stimulates the immune system. However, we are not aware of any study about the association of exercise and SLO supplementation on immune response. Thus, our main goal was to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation with SLO on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary with no supplementation (SED, n = 20), sedentary with SLO supplementation (SEDslo, n = 20), exercised (EX, n = 17) and exercised supplemented with SLO (EXslo, n = 19). Rats swam for 6 weeks, 1.5 h/day, in water at 32 +/- 1 degrees C, with a load of 6.0% body weight attached to the thorax of rat. Animals were killed 48 h after the last exercise session. SLO supplementation did not change phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils. Thymus and spleen lymphocyte proliferation were significantly higher in SEDslo, EX, and EXslo groups compared with SED group (P < 0.05). Gut-associated lymphocyte proliferation, on the other hand, was similar between the four experimental groups. Our findings show that SLO and EX indeed are able to increase lymphocyte proliferation, but their association did not induce further stimulation in the adaptive immune response and also did not modify innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cristina Vitorino
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Building, Curitiba, PR 81530-970, Brazil.
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Neutrophil response of anaerobic jump trained diabetic rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104:1079-86. [PMID: 18781318 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of jump training on blood biochemical parameters and neutrophil responses of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, trained, diabetic and trained-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by i.v. injection of streptozotocin. Jump training consisted of six sets of ten jumps in water with overload of 50% of body mass with 1-min of resting, four times per week during 6 weeks. Plasma glucose, lactate, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol concentrations, differential leukocyte count, phagocytosis and anion superoxide production by neutrophils were evaluated. Diabetes caused hyperglycemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and body weight loss. Physical training reversed hypertriacylglycerolemia. Jump training increased phagocytosis and anion superoxide production by blood neutrophils from trained and trained-diabetic rats. Neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia occur in diabetic and trained-diabetic rats. Anaerobic jump training in diabetic rats reduced hypertriacylglycerolemia and increased neutrophil anion superoxide production. Phagocytosis was not altered in trained-diabetic rats.
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