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Dong R, Fang R, Yang X, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li S. An Updated Review on the Spatial Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Across Ticks, Animals and Humans in Northeastern China and Adjacent Regions. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 39148261 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is prevalent in northeastern Asia, particularly in the forested area of Northeastern China. However, a lack of systematic data on the spatial distribution of B. burgdorferi in this region hinders the prediction of its transmission risk across the landscape. METHODS To provide an updated overview and establish a comprehensive spatial distribution database, we conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2022. We collected and compiled relevant data on B. burgdorferi in Northeastern China and its neighbouring regions, outlining its distribution in ticks, wild animals, livestock and humans. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial clusters of tick positivity and host infection rates. RESULTS From a total of 1823 literature, we selected 110 references to compile 626 detection records of B. burgdorferi, including 288 in ticks, 109 in wildlife, 111 in livestock and domestic animals and 100 in humans. The average detection rate of B. burgdorferi in ticks was approximately 20%, with wildlife, livestock and domestic animal host positivity rates below 50% and human seroprevalence rates varying from 0.94% to 44.18%. CONCLUSIONS The study identified the presence of 17 tick species and ten genotypes of B. burgdorferi in the region, indicating a broad distribution. Notably, B. burgdorferi exhibited notable clustering, particularly in the central and eastern areas of Jilin Province, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Dong
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruying Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sidorenko M, Radzijevskaja J, Mickevičius S, Bratchikov M, Mardosaitė-Busaitienė D, Sakalauskas P, Paulauskas A. Phylogenetic characterisation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Lithuania. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296472. [PMID: 38324618 PMCID: PMC10849421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Baltic states are the region in Europe where tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is most endemic. The highest notification rate of TBE cases is reported in Lithuania, where the incidence of TBE has significantly increased since 1992. A recent study reported 0.4% prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in the two most common tick species distributed in Lithuania, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, with the existence of endemic foci confirmed in seven out of Lithuania's ten counties. However, until now, no comprehensive data on molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis have been available for the circulating TBEV strains. The aim of this study was to analyse TBEV strains derived from I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks collected from Lithuania and provide a genotypic characterisation of viruses based on sequence analysis of partial E protein and NS3 genes. The 54 nucleotide sequences obtained were compared with 81 TBEV strains selected from the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial E and NS3 gene sequences derived from 34 Lithuanian TBEV isolates revealed that these were specific to Lithuania, and all belonged to the European subtype, with a maximum identity to the Neudoerfl reference strain (GenBank accession no. U27495) of 98.7% and 97.4%, respectively. The TBEV strains showed significant regional genetic diversity. The detected TBEV genotypes were not specific to the tick species. However, genetic differences were observed between strains from different locations, while strains from the same location showed a high similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sidorenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jana Radzijevskaja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Mickevičius
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maksim Bratchikov
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Povilas Sakalauskas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Paulauskas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Albinsson B, Hoffman T, Kolstad L, Bergström T, Bogdanovic G, Heydecke A, Hägg M, Kjerstadius T, Lindroth Y, Petersson A, Stenberg M, Vene S, Ellström P, Rönnberg B, Lundkvist Å. Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and vaccination coverage of tick-borne encephalitis, Sweden, 2018 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300221. [PMID: 38214080 PMCID: PMC10785208 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.2.2300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn Sweden, information on seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the population, including vaccination coverage and infection, is scattered. This is largely due to the absence of a national tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination registry, scarcity of previous serological studies and use of serological methods not distinguishing between antibodies induced by vaccination and infection. Furthermore, the number of notified TBE cases in Sweden has continued to increase in recent years despite increased vaccination.AimThe aim was to estimate the TBEV seroprevalence in Sweden.MethodsIn 2018 and 2019, 2,700 serum samples from blood donors in nine Swedish regions were analysed using a serological method that can distinguish antibodies induced by vaccination from antibodies elicited by infection. The regions were chosen to reflect differences in notified TBE incidence.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence varied from 9.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6-13.6%) to 64.0% (95% CI: 58.3-69.4%) between regions. The proportion of vaccinated individuals ranged from 8.7% (95% CI: 5.8-12.6) to 57.0% (95% CI: 51.2-62.6) and of infected from 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2-3.0) to 7.0% (95% CI: 4.5-10.7). Thus, more than 160,000 and 1,600,000 individuals could have been infected by TBEV and vaccinated against TBE, respectively. The mean manifestation index was 3.1%.ConclusionA difference was observed between low- and high-incidence TBE regions, on the overall TBEV seroprevalence and when separated into vaccinated and infected individuals. The estimated incidence and manifestation index argue that a large proportion of TBEV infections are not diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Albinsson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share the first authorship
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Hoffman
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share the first authorship
| | - Linda Kolstad
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gordana Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Heydecke
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mirja Hägg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ylva Lindroth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Petersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenberg
- Laboratory Medical Center Gotland, Visby hospital, Visby, Sweden
| | - Sirkka Vene
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rönnberg
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sormunen JJ, Sääksjärvi IE, Vesterinen EJ, Klemola T. Crowdsourced tick observation data from across 60 years reveals major increases and northwards shifts in tick contact areas in Finland. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21274. [PMID: 38042950 PMCID: PMC10693632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of increases in tick (Acari: Ixodidae) contacts in Finland during the past few decades, highlighted by increases in the incidence of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). While nationwide field studies to map distributions of ticks are not feasible, crowdsourcing provides a comprehensive method with which to assess large-scale changes in tick contact areas. Here, we assess changes in tick contact areas in Finland between 1958 and 2021 using three different nationwide crowdsourced data sets. The data revealed vast increases in tick contact areas, with ticks estimated to be contacted locally approximately 400 km further north in western and approximately 100 km further north in eastern Finland in 2021 than 1958. Tick contact rates appeared to be highest along the coastline and on the shores of large lakes, possibly indicating higher tick abundance therein. In general, tick observations per inhabitant increased from 2015 to 2021. Tick contact areas have expanded in Finland over the past 60 years. It appears that taiga ticks (Ixodes persulcatus) are behind most of the northwards shifts in tick contact areas, with Ixodes ricinus contributing mostly to new contact areas in the south. While ticks are now present in most of Finland, there are still areas where tick abundance is low and/or establishment not possible, mainly in northern Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani J Sormunen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Tero Klemola
- Deparment of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hills SL, Poehling KA, Chen WH, Staples JE. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep 2023; 72:1-29. [PMID: 37943707 PMCID: PMC10651317 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7205a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is focally endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the bites of infected Ixodes species ticks but can also be acquired less frequently by alimentary transmission. Other rare modes of transmission include through breastfeeding, blood transfusion, solid organ transplantation, and slaughtering of viremic animals. TBE virus can cause acute neurologic disease, which usually results in hospitalization, often permanent neurologic or cognitive sequelae, and sometimes death. TBE virus infection is a risk for certain travelers and for laboratory workers who work with the virus. In August 2021, the Food and Drug Administration approved Ticovac TBE vaccine for use among persons aged ≥1 year. This report summarizes the epidemiology of and risks for infection with TBE virus, provides information on the immunogenicity and safety of TBE vaccine, and summarizes the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of TBE vaccine among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers. The risk for TBE for most U.S. travelers to areas where the disease is endemic is very low. The risk for exposure to infected ticks is highest for persons who are in areas where TBE is endemic during the main TBE virus transmission season of April–November and who are planning to engage in recreational activities in woodland habitats or who might be occupationally exposed. All persons who travel to areas where TBE is endemic should be advised to take precautions to avoid tick bites and to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products because alimentary transmission of TBE virus can occur. TBE vaccine can further reduce infection risk and might be indicated for certain persons who are at higher risk for TBE. The key factors in the risk-benefit assessment for vaccination are likelihood of exposure to ticks based on activities and itinerary (e.g., location, rurality, season, and duration of travel or residence). Other risk-benefit considerations should include 1) the rare occurrence of TBE but its potentially high morbidity and mortality, 2) the higher risk for severe disease among certain persons (e.g., older persons aged ≥60 years), 3) the availability of an effective vaccine, 4) the possibility but low probability of serious adverse events after vaccination, 5) the likelihood of future travel to areas where TBE is endemic, and 6) personal perception and tolerance of risk ACIP recommends TBE vaccine for U.S. persons who are moving or traveling to an area where the disease is endemic and will have extensive exposure to ticks based on their planned outdoor activities and itinerary. Extensive exposure can be considered based on the duration of travel and frequency of exposure and might include shorter-term (e.g., <1 month) travelers with daily or frequent exposure or longer-term travelers with regular (e.g., a few times a month) exposure to environments that might harbor infected ticks. In addition, TBE vaccine may be considered for persons who might engage in outdoor activities in areas where ticks are likely to be found, with a decision to vaccinate made on the basis of an assessment of their planned activities and itinerary, risk factors for a poor medical outcome, and personal perception and tolerance of risk. In the laboratory setting, ACIP recommends TBE vaccine for laboratory workers with a potential for exposure to TBE virus
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Pustijanac E, Buršić M, Talapko J, Škrlec I, Meštrović T, Lišnjić D. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1634. [PMID: 37512806 PMCID: PMC10383662 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, can cause serious infection of the central nervous system in humans, resulting in potential neurological complications and fatal outcomes. TBEV is primarily transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, and the viral agent circulates between ticks and animals, such as deer and small mammals. The occurrence of the infection aligns with the seasonal activity of ticks. As no specific antiviral therapy exists for TBEV infection, treatment approaches primarily focus on symptomatic relief and support. Active immunization is highly effective, especially for individuals in endemic areas. The burden of TBEV infections is increasing, posing a growing health concern. Reported incidence rates rose from 0.4 to 0.9 cases per 100,000 people between 2015 and 2020. The Baltic and Central European countries have the highest incidence, but TBE is endemic across a wide geographic area. Various factors, including social and environmental aspects, improved medical awareness, and advanced diagnostics, have contributed to the observed increase. Diagnosing TBEV infection can be challenging due to the non-specific nature of the initial symptoms and potential co-infections. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, prevention of complications, and effective control measures. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the molecular structure of TBEV, its transmission and circulation in natural environments, the pathogenesis of TBEV infection, the epidemiology and global distribution of the virus, associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches. By improving understanding of these aspects, we aim to enhance knowledge and promote strategies for timely and accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and the implementation of effective control measures against TBEV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Pustijanac
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Moira Buršić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dubravka Lišnjić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Rong Lee M, Kim JC, Eun Park S, Kim WJ, Su Kim J. Detection of Viral Genes in Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290-infected longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis using transcriptome analysis. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107926. [PMID: 37087092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are carriers of viruses that can cause disease in humans and animals. The longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis; LHT), for example, mediates the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in humans, and the population of ticks is growing due to increases in temperature caused by climate change. As ticks carry primarily RNA viruses, there is a need to study the possibility of detecting new viruses through tick virome analysis. In this study, viruses in LHTs collected in Korea were investigated and virus titers in ticks exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 were analyzed. Total RNA was extracted from the collected ticks, and short reads were obtained from Illumina sequencing. A total of 50,024 contigs with coding capacity were obtained after de novo assembly of the reads in the metaSPAdes genome assembler. A series of BLAST-based analyses using the GenBank database was performed to screen viral contigs, and three putative virus species were identified from the tick meta-transcriptome, such as Alongshan virus (ALSV), Denso virus and Taggert virus. Measurements of virus-expression levels of infected and non-infected LHTs failed to detect substantial differences in expression levels. However, we suggest that LHT can spread not only SFTSV, but also various other disease-causing viruses over large areas of the world. From the phylogenetic analysis of ALSV glycoproteins, genetic differences in the ALSV could be due to host differences as well as regional differences. Viral metagenome analysis can be used as a tool to manage future outbreaks of disease caused by ticks by detecting unknown viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | | | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Omazic A, Wallenhammar A, Lahti E, Asghar N, Hanberger A, Hjertqvist M, Johansson M, Albihn A. Dairy milk from cow and goat as a sentinel for tick-borne encephalitis virus surveillance. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101958. [PMID: 36893698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most severe human tick-borne diseases in Europe. It is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is transmitted to humans mainly via bites of Ixodes ricinus or I. persulcatus ticks. The geographical distribution and abundance of I. ricinus is expanding in Sweden as has the number of reported human TBE cases. In addition to tick bites, alimentary TBEV infection has also been reported after consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. So far, no alimentary TBEV infection has been reported in Sweden, but knowledge about its prevalence in Swedish ruminants is scarce. In the present study, a total of 122 bulk tank milk samples and 304 individual milk samples (including 8 colostrum samples) were collected from dairy farms (n = 102) in Sweden. All samples were analysed for the presence of TBEV antibodies by ELISA test and immunoblotting. Participating farmers received a questionnaire about milk production, pasteurization, tick prophylaxis used on animals, tick-borne diseases, and TBE vaccination status. We detected specific anti-TBEV antibodies, i.e., either positive (>126 Vienna Units per ml, VIEU/ml) or borderline (63-126 VIEU/ml) in bulk tank milk from 20 of the 102 farms. Individual milk samples (including colostrum samples) from these 20 farms were therefore collected for further analysis. Our results revealed important information for detection of emerging TBE risk areas. Factors such as consumption of unpasteurized milk, limited use of tick prophylaxis on animals and a moderate coverage of human TBE vaccination, may be risk factors for alimentary TBEV infection in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Omazic
- Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amélie Wallenhammar
- School of Medical Sciences, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Elina Lahti
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Naveed Asghar
- School of Medical Sciences, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Hanberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marika Hjertqvist
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection, Public Health, Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Johansson
- School of Medical Sciences, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ann Albihn
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Belova OA, Polienko AE, Averianova AD, Karganova GG. Hybrids of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks effectively acquire and transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1104484. [PMID: 36743302 PMCID: PMC9895388 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixodes rici nus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks are the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which has three main subtypes connected with certain tick species: the European subtype, associated with I. ricinus, and the Siberian and Far-Eastern subtypes, associated with I. persulcatus. Distribution ranges of these species overlap and form large sympatric areas in the East European Plain and Baltic countries. It has previously been shown that crossing of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus is possible, with the appearance of sterile hybrids. Hybridization of ticks can affect not only the spread of ticks but also the properties of natural foci of arbovirus infections, in particular TBEV. In the present study, we analyzed the effectiveness of virus transmission from infected mice to larvae and nymphs and trans-stadial transmission (from larvae to nymph and adult) in I. ricinus, I. persulcatus, and hybrids. For this purpose, we bred a hybrid generation from the crossing of I. persulcatus females and I. ricinus males, and we used the Siberian and European subtypes of TBEV. We showed that after feeding on infected mice, virus prevalence in engorged ticks decreased over time, and after molting, the opposite was true. In hybrids we observed the highest acquisition effectiveness and RNA copy numbers during Siberian TBEV subtype transmission. The efficiency of trans-stadial transmission of both TBEV subtypes was similar in hybrids and parental species. After the second trans-stadial TBEV transmission, a significant increase in ticks' infection rates was observed only in specific subtype-tick combination. Our data demonstrate the possible features of TBEV circulation in the I. ricinus and I. persulcatus sympatry area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Oxana A. Belova,
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D. Averianova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of arboviruses, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and- Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Bugmyrin SV, Romanova LY, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Bespyatova LA, Chernokhaeva LL, Gmyl LV, Klimentov AS, Ivannikova AY, Polienko AE, Yakovlev AS, Ieshko EP, Gmyl AP, Karganova GG. Pathogens in Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in Karelia (Russia). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102045. [PMID: 36183587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) are vectors of dangerous human infections. The main tick species that determine the epidemiological situation for tick-borne diseases in northern Europe are Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus. In recent years, significant changes in the number and distribution of these species have been observed, accompanied by an expansion of the sympatric range. This work summarizes the data of long-term studies carried out in Karelia since 2007 on the infection of I. persulcatus and I. ricinus ticks with various pathogens, including new viruses with unclear pathogenic potential. As a result, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, Siberian genotype), Alongshan virus, several representatives of the family Phenuiviridae, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Ehrlichia muris, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae and Candidatus Lariskella arthropodarum were identified. Data were obtained on the geographical and temporal variability of tick infection rates with these main pathogens. The average infection rates of I. persulcatus with TBEV and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were 4.4% and 23.4% and those of I. ricinus were 1.1% and 11.9%, respectively. We did not find a correlation between the infection rate of ticks with TBEV, B. burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia muris/chaffeensis with the sex of the vector. In general, the peculiarities of the epidemiological situation in Karelia are determined by the wide distribution and high abundance of I. persulcatus ticks and by their relatively high infection rate with TBEV and B. burgdorferi s.l. in most of the territory, including the periphery of the range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Bugmyrin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia
| | - L Yu Romanova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - O A Belova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - I S Kholodilov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - L A Bespyatova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia
| | - L L Chernokhaeva
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - L V Gmyl
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - A S Klimentov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - A Y Ivannikova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - A E Polienko
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - A S Yakovlev
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - E P Ieshko
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St., Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia
| | - A P Gmyl
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia
| | - G G Karganova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108811, Russia; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119146, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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11
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Colmant AMG, Charrel RN, Coutard B. Jingmenviruses: Ubiquitous, understudied, segmented flavi-like viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997058. [PMID: 36299728 PMCID: PMC9589506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jingmenviruses are a group of viruses identified recently, in 2014, and currently classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as unclassified Flaviviridae. These viruses closely related to flaviviruses are unique due to the segmented nature of their genome. The prototype jingmenvirus, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), was discovered in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from China in 2010. Jingmenviruses genomes are composed of four to five segments, encoding for up to seven structural proteins and two non-structural proteins, both of which display strong similarities with flaviviral non-structural proteins (NS2B/NS3 and NS5). Jingmenviruses are currently separated into two phylogenetic clades. One clade includes tick- and vertebrate-associated jingmenviruses, which have been detected in ticks and mosquitoes, as well as in humans, cattle, monkeys, bats, rodents, sheep, and tortoises. In addition to these molecular and serological detections, over a hundred human patients tested positive for jingmenviruses after developing febrile illness and flu-like symptoms in China and Serbia. The second phylogenetic clade includes insect-associated jingmenvirus sequences, which have been detected in a wide range of insect species, as well as in crustaceans, plants, and fungi. In addition to being found in various types of hosts, jingmenviruses are endemic, as they have been detected in a wide range of environments, all over the world. Taken together, all of these elements show that jingmenviruses correspond exactly to the definition of emerging viruses at risk of causing a pandemic, since they are already endemic, have a close association with arthropods, are found in animals in close contact with humans, and have caused sporadic cases of febrile illness in multiple patients. Despite these arguments, the vast majority of published data is from metagenomics studies and many aspects of jingmenvirus replication remain to be elucidated, such as their tropism, cycle of transmission, structure, and mechanisms of replication and restriction or epidemiology. It is therefore crucial to prioritize jingmenvirus research in the years to come, to be prepared for their emergence as human or veterinary pathogens.
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Uusitalo R, Siljander M, Lindén A, Sormunen JJ, Aalto J, Hendrickx G, Kallio E, Vajda A, Gregow H, Henttonen H, Marsboom C, Korhonen EM, Sironen T, Pellikka P, Vapalahti O. Predicting habitat suitability for Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Finland. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:310. [PMID: 36042518 PMCID: PMC9429443 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks are responsible for transmitting several notable pathogens worldwide. Finland lies in a zone where two human-biting tick species co-occur: Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus. Tick densities have increased in boreal regions worldwide during past decades, and tick-borne pathogens have been identified as one of the major threats to public health in the face of climate change. METHODS We used species distribution modelling techniques to predict the distributions of I. ricinus and I. persulcatus, using aggregated historical data from 2014 to 2020 and new tick occurrence data from 2021. By aiming to fill the gaps in tick occurrence data, we created a new sampling strategy across Finland. We also screened for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Borrelia from the newly collected ticks. Climate, land use and vegetation data, and population densities of the tick hosts were used in various combinations on four data sets to estimate tick species' distributions across mainland Finland with a 1-km resolution. RESULTS In the 2021 survey, 89 new locations were sampled of which 25 new presences and 63 absences were found for I. ricinus and one new presence and 88 absences for I. persulcatus. A total of 502 ticks were collected and analysed; no ticks were positive for TBEV, while 56 (47%) of the 120 pools, including adult, nymph, and larva pools, were positive for Borrelia (minimum infection rate 11.2%, respectively). Our prediction results demonstrate that two combined predictor data sets based on ensemble mean models yielded the highest predictive accuracy for both I. ricinus (AUC = 0.91, 0.94) and I. persulcatus (AUC = 0.93, 0.96). The suitable habitats for I. ricinus were determined by higher relative humidity, air temperature, precipitation sum, and middle-infrared reflectance levels and higher densities of white-tailed deer, European hare, and red fox. For I. persulcatus, locations with greater precipitation and air temperature and higher white-tailed deer, roe deer, and mountain hare densities were associated with higher occurrence probabilities. Suitable habitats for I. ricinus ranged from southern Finland up to Central Ostrobothnia and North Karelia, excluding areas in Ostrobothnia and Pirkanmaa. For I. persulcatus, suitable areas were located along the western coast from Ostrobothnia to southern Lapland, in North Karelia, North Savo, Kainuu, and areas in Pirkanmaa and Päijät-Häme. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study conducted in Finland that estimates potential tick species distributions using environmental and host data. Our results can be utilized in vector control strategies, as supporting material in recommendations issued by public health authorities, and as predictor data for modelling the risk for tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruut Uusitalo
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Siljander
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Lindén
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2, 00791 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani J. Sormunen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eva Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Andrea Vajda
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilppa Gregow
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 2, 00791 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Essi M. Korhonen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Pellikka
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Literature review. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). It summarizes and analyzes the information available at the scientific literature on the genetic and biological properties of strains of this virus subtype. A comparative analysis of the complete coding sequences of all currently recognized tick-borne flaviviruses was carried out. It was noted that the differences in TBEV strains included in the European subtype are minimal, which indicates a higher degree of their genetic homogeneity than in strains of the Far Eastern and Siberian subtypes. The level of differences in the genome of strains of the European subtype, depending on the region and the source of isolation, was analyzed. No relationship was found between the level of homology of nucleotide sequences of TBEV strains of the European subtype and the source of isolation. The proposed models for the evolution of TBE are described. The area of TBE of the European subtype in Eurasia is analyzed. The maps of the geographical distribution of the European subtype are presented. It shows the European subtype TBE is found in 14 regions of Russia. TBE of this subtype, as a rule, causes a disease with a milder course in comparison with TBE caused by a virus of the Far Eastern or Siberian subtypes. An analysis of the main vectors and reservoir hosts of the European subtype TBEV in Europe and in Siberia has been carried out. It is emphasized that in Eurasia the European TBEV circulates in territories that differ significantly in climatic conditions, relief, landscape, and characteristics of biotopes. However, analysis of scientific literature data showed that, despite these differences, it has a high degree of genome stability.
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14
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Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Morozkin ES, Litov AG, Ivannikova AY, Makenov MT, Shchetinin AM, Aibulatov SV, Bazarova GK, Bell-Sakyi L, Bespyatova LA, Bugmyrin SV, Chernetsov N, Chernokhaeva LL, Gmyl LV, Khaisarova AN, Khalin AV, Klimentov AS, Kovalchuk IV, Luchinina SV, Medvedev SG, Nafeev AA, Oorzhak ND, Panjukova EV, Polienko AE, Purmak KA, Romanenko EN, Rozhdestvenskiy EN, Saryglar AA, Shamsutdinov AF, Solomashchenko NI, Trifonov VA, Volchev EG, Vovkotech PG, Yakovlev AS, Zhurenkova OB, Gushchin VA, Karan LS, Karganova GG. Geographical and Tick-Dependent Distribution of Flavi-Like Alongshan and Yanggou Tick Viruses in Russia. Viruses 2021; 13:458. [PMID: 33799742 PMCID: PMC7998622 DOI: 10.3390/v13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus includes related, unclassified segmented flavi-like viruses, two segments of which have homology with flavivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5 and RNA helicase-protease NS3. This group includes such viruses as Jingmen tick virus, Alongshan virus, Yanggou tick virus and others. We detected the Yanggou tick virus in Dermacentor nuttalli and Dermacentor marginatus ticks in two neighbouring regions of Russia. The virus prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. We detected RNA of the Alongshan virus in 44 individuals or pools of various tick species in eight regions of Russia. The virus prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 7.8%. We demonstrated the successful replication of the Yanggou tick virus and Alongshan virus in IRE/CTVM19 and HAE/CTVM8 tick cell lines without a cytopathic effect. According to the phylogenetic analysis, we divided the Alongshan virus into two groups: an Ixodes persulcatus group and an Ixodes ricinus group. In addition, the I. persulcatus group can be divided into European and Asian subgroups. We found amino acid signatures specific to the I. ricinus and I. persulcatus groups and also distinguished between the European and Asian subgroups of the I. persulcatus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Oxana A. Belova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Evgeny S. Morozkin
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.M.); (M.T.M.); (O.B.Z.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Anna Y. Ivannikova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Marat T. Makenov
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.M.); (M.T.M.); (O.B.Z.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Alexey M. Shchetinin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Aibulatov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Arthropods, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.A.); (A.V.K.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Galina K. Bazarova
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Altai Antiplague Station of Rospotrebnadzor, 649000 Gorno-Altaisk, Russia;
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK;
| | - Liubov A. Bespyatova
- Laboratory for Animal and Plant Parasitology, Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (L.A.B.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Sergey V. Bugmyrin
- Laboratory for Animal and Plant Parasitology, Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (L.A.B.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Nikita Chernetsov
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liubov L. Chernokhaeva
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Larissa V. Gmyl
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Anna N. Khaisarova
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ulyanovsk Region, 432005 Ulyanovsk, Russia; (A.N.K.); (A.A.N.); (P.G.V.)
| | - Alexei V. Khalin
- Laboratory of Parasitic Arthropods, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.A.); (A.V.K.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Alexander S. Klimentov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biology and Indication of Arboviruses, Department Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Kovalchuk
- Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory, 355008 Stavropol, Russia; (I.V.K.); (N.I.S.)
- Stavropol State Medical University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
| | | | - Sergey G. Medvedev
- Laboratory of Parasitic Arthropods, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.A.); (A.V.K.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Nafeev
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ulyanovsk Region, 432005 Ulyanovsk, Russia; (A.N.K.); (A.A.N.); (P.G.V.)
| | | | - Elena V. Panjukova
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Kristina A. Purmak
- FBIH “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol kray”, 355008 Stavropol, Russia; (K.A.P.); (E.N.R.)
| | - Evgeniya N. Romanenko
- FBIH “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol kray”, 355008 Stavropol, Russia; (K.A.P.); (E.N.R.)
| | | | - Anna A. Saryglar
- Infectious Disease Hospital, 667003 Kyzyl, Russia; (N.D.O.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Anton F. Shamsutdinov
- Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.F.S.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nataliya I. Solomashchenko
- Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory, 355008 Stavropol, Russia; (I.V.K.); (N.I.S.)
- FBIH “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Stavropol kray”, 355008 Stavropol, Russia; (K.A.P.); (E.N.R.)
| | - Vladimir A. Trifonov
- Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.F.S.); (V.A.T.)
- Kazan State Medical Academy—Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Postgraduate Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgenii G. Volchev
- Institute of Living Systems Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia;
| | - Pavel G. Vovkotech
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ulyanovsk Region, 432005 Ulyanovsk, Russia; (A.N.K.); (A.A.N.); (P.G.V.)
| | - Alexander S. Yakovlev
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
| | - Olga B. Zhurenkova
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.M.); (M.T.M.); (O.B.Z.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory, Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (V.A.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov MSU, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S. Karan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.M.); (M.T.M.); (O.B.Z.); (L.S.K.)
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, “Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides” FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.K.); (O.A.B.); (A.G.L.); (A.Y.I.); (L.L.C.); (L.V.G.); (A.E.P.); (A.S.Y.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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Dub T, Ollgren J, Huusko S, Uusitalo R, Siljander M, Vapalahti O, Sane J. Game Animal Density, Climate, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Finland, 2007-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2899-2906. [PMID: 33219653 PMCID: PMC7706931 DOI: 10.3201/eid2612.191282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an endemic infection of public health importance in Finland. We investigated the effect of ecologic factors on 2007-2017 TBE trends. We obtained domestic TBE case data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, weather data from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and data from the Natural Resources Institute in Finland on mammals killed by hunters yearly in game management areas. We performed a mixed-effects time-series analysis with time lags on weather and animal parameters, adding a random effect to game management areas. During 2007-2017, a total of 395/460 (86%) domestic TBE cases were reported with known place of exposure and date of sampling. Overall, TBE incidence increased yearly by 15%. After adjusting for the density of other animals and minimum temperatures, we found thatTBE incidence was positively associated with white-tailed deer density. Variation in host animal density should be considered when assessing TBE risks and designing interventions.
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Pakanen VM, Sormunen JJ, Sippola E, Blomqvist D, Kallio ER. Questing abundance of adult taiga ticks Ixodes persulcatus and their Borrelia prevalence at the north-western part of their distribution. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:384. [PMID: 32727555 PMCID: PMC7391513 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because ixodid ticks are vectors of zoonotic pathogens, including Borrelia, information of their abundance, seasonal variation in questing behaviour and pathogen prevalence is important for human health. As ticks are invading new areas northwards, information from these new areas are needed. Taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) populations have been recently found at Bothnian Bay, Finland. We assessed seasonal variation in questing abundance of ticks and their pathogen prevalence in coastal deciduous forests near the city of Oulu (latitudes 64–65°) in 2019. Methods We sampled ticks from May until September by cloth dragging 100 meters once a month at eight study sites. We calculated a density index (individuals/100 m2) to assess seasonal variation. Samples were screened for Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) (including B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi (sensu stricto) and B. valaisana), Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Francisella tularensis and Bartonella spp., Babesia spp. and for the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Results All except one nymph were identified as I. persulcatus. The number of questing adults showed a strong peak in May (median: 6.5 adults/100 m2), which is among the highest values reported in northern Europe, and potentially indicates a large population size. After May, the number of questing adults declined steadily with few adults still sampled in August. Nymphs were present from May until September. We found a striking prevalence of Borrelia spp. in adults (62%) and nymphs (40%), with B. garinii (51%) and B. afzelii (63%) being the most common species. In addition, we found that 26% of infected adults were coinfected with at least two Borrelia genospecies, mainly B. garinii and B. afzelii, which are associated with different host species. Conclusions The coastal forest environments at Bothnian Bay seem to provide favourable environments for I. persulcatus and the spread of Borrelia. High tick abundance, a low diversity of the host community and similar host use among larvae and nymphs likely explain the high Borrelia prevalence and coinfection rate. Research on the infestation of the hosts that quantifies the temporal dynamics of immature life stages would reveal important aspects of pathogen circulation in these tick populations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Matti Pakanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden. .,Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jani J Sormunen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Sippola
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Eva R Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40041, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Smura T, Tonteri E, Jääskeläinen A, von Troil G, Kuivanen S, Huitu O, Kareinen L, Uusitalo J, Uusitalo R, Hannila-Handelberg T, Voutilainen L, Nikkari S, Sironen T, Sane J, Castrén J, Vapalahti O. Recent establishment of tick-borne encephalitis foci with distinct viral lineages in the Helsinki area, Finland. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:675-683. [PMID: 31084456 PMCID: PMC6522972 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1612279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases has increased and new foci have emerged in Finland during the last decade. We evaluated risk for locally acquired TBE in the capital region inhabited by 1.2 million people. We screened ticks and small mammals from probable places of TBE virus (TBEV) transmission and places without reported circulation. The TBEV positive samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Within the study period 2007–2017, there was a clear increase of both all TBE cases and locally acquired cases in the Helsinki area. The surveillance of ticks and small mammals for TBEV confirmed four distinct TBEV foci in the Helsinki area. All detected TBEV strains were of the European subtype. TBEV genome sequences indicated that distinct TBEV lineages circulate in each focus. Molecular clock analysis suggested that the virus lineages were introduced to these foci decades ago. In conclusion, TBE has emerged in the mainland of Helsinki area during the last decade, with at least four distinct virus lineages independently introduced into the region previously. Although the overall annual TBE incidence is below the threshold for recommending general vaccinations, the situation requires further surveillance to detect and prevent possible further emergence of local TBE clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Smura
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Division of Clinical Microbiology , Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services (HUSLAB) , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Elina Tonteri
- c Centers for Military Medicine and Biothreat Preparedness , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Anu Jääskeläinen
- b Division of Clinical Microbiology , Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services (HUSLAB) , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Suvi Kuivanen
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Otso Huitu
- e Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Joni Uusitalo
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ruut Uusitalo
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,f Department of Geosciences and Geography , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,g Department of Veterinary Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Liina Voutilainen
- c Centers for Military Medicine and Biothreat Preparedness , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Simo Nikkari
- c Centers for Military Medicine and Biothreat Preparedness , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jussi Sane
- h Department of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Olli Vapalahti
- a Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Division of Clinical Microbiology , Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services (HUSLAB) , Helsinki , Finland.,g Department of Veterinary Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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Michelitsch A, Wernike K, Klaus C, Dobler G, Beer M. Exploring the Reservoir Hosts of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E669. [PMID: 31336624 PMCID: PMC6669706 DOI: 10.3390/v11070669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important arbovirus, which is found across large parts of Eurasia and is considered to be a major health risk for humans. Like any other arbovirus, TBEV relies on complex interactions between vectors, reservoir hosts, and the environment for successful virus circulation. Hard ticks are the vectors for TBEV, transmitting the virus to a variety of animals. The importance of these animals in the lifecycle of TBEV is still up for debate. Large woodland animals seem to have a positive influence on virus circulation by providing a food source for adult ticks; birds are suspected to play a role in virus distribution. Bank voles and yellow-necked mice are often referred to as classical virus reservoirs, but this statement lacks strong evidence supporting their highlighted role. Other small mammals (e.g., insectivores) may also play a crucial role in virus transmission, not to mention the absence of any suspected reservoir host for non-European endemic regions. Theories highlighting the importance of the co-feeding transmission route go as far as naming ticks themselves as the true reservoir for TBEV, and mammalian hosts as a mere bridge for transmission. A deeper insight into the virus reservoir could lead to a better understanding of the development of endemic regions. The spatial distribution of TBEV is constricted to certain areas, forming natural foci that can be restricted to sizes of merely 500 square meters. The limiting factors for their occurrence are largely unknown, but a possible influence of reservoir hosts on the distribution pattern of TBE is discussed. This review aims to give an overview of the multiple factors influencing the TBEV transmission cycle, focusing on the role of virus reservoirs, and highlights the questions that are waiting to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michelitsch
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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19
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Wang ZD, Wang B, Wei F, Han SZ, Zhang L, Yang ZT, Yan Y, Lv XL, Li L, Wang SC, Song MX, Zhang HJ, Huang SJ, Chen J, Huang FQ, Li S, Liu HH, Hong J, Jin YL, Wang W, Zhou JY, Liu Q. A New Segmented Virus Associated with Human Febrile Illness in China. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2116-2125. [PMID: 31141633 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1805068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2017, surveillance for tickborne diseases in China led to the identification of a patient who presented to a hospital in Inner Mongolia with a febrile illness that had an unknown cause. The clinical manifestation of the illness was similar to that of tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection, but neither TBEV RNA nor antibodies against the virus were detected. METHODS We obtained a blood specimen from the index patient and attempted to isolate and identify a causative pathogen, using genome sequence analysis and electron microscopy. We also initiated a heightened surveillance program in the same hospital to screen for other patients who presented with fever, headache, and a history of tick bites. We used reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and cell-culture assays to detect the pathogen and immunofluorescence and neutralization assays to determine the levels of virus-specific antibodies in serum specimens from the patients. RESULTS We found that the index patient was infected with a previously unknown segmented RNA virus, which we designated Alongshan virus (ALSV) and which belongs to the jingmenvirus group of the family Flaviviridae. ALSV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR assay in 86 patients from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang who presented with fever, headache, and a history of tick bites. Serologic assays showed that seroconversion had occurred in all 19 patients for whom specimens were available from the acute phase and the convalescent phase of the illness. CONCLUSIONS A newly discovered segmented virus was found to be associated with a febrile illness in northeastern China. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Dong Wang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Bo Wang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Feng Wei
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Shu-Zheng Han
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Li Zhang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Zheng-Tao Yang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Yan Yan
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Xiao-Long Lv
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Liang Li
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Shu-Chao Wang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Ming-Xin Song
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Hao-Ji Zhang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Shu-Jian Huang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Jidang Chen
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Fu-Qiang Huang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Shuang Li
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Jian Hong
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Yu-Lan Jin
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Wei Wang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Ji-Yong Zhou
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
| | - Quan Liu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province (Z.-D.W., Z.-T.Y., H.-J.Z., S.-J.H., J.C., F.-Q.H., Q.L.), the Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province (Z.-D.W., L.L., S.-C.W., Q.L.), MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Z.-D.W., Y.Y., J.H., Y.-L.J., J.-Y.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital, Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (B.W., S.-Z.H., X.-L.L., W.W.), the College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province (F.W., L.Z., S.L., H.-H.L.), the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (M.-X.S.), and the Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing (B.W.) - all in China
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Krol E, Wandzik I, Brzuska G, Eyer L, Růžek D, Szewczyk B. Antiviral Activity of Uridine Derivatives of 2-Deoxy Sugars against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061129. [PMID: 30901934 PMCID: PMC6471225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the most important human infections involving the central nervous system. Although effective vaccines are available on the market, they are recommended only in endemic areas. Despite many attempts, there are still no specific antiviral therapies for TBEV treatment. Previously, we synthesized a series of uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars and proved that some compounds show antiviral activity against viruses from the Flaviviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families targeting the late steps of the N-glycosylation process, affecting the maturation of viral proteins. In this study, we evaluated a series of uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars for their antiviral properties against two strains of the tick-borne encephalitis virus; the highly virulent TBEV strain Hypr and the less virulent strain Neudoerfl. Four compounds (2, 4, 10, and 11) showed significant anti-TBEV activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 10.2 µM and low cytotoxicity. The obtained results indicate that glycosylation inhibitors, which may interact with glycosylated membrane TBEV E and prM proteins, might be promising candidates for future antiviral therapies against TBEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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21
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Kuivanen S, Smura T, Rantanen K, Kämppi L, Kantonen J, Kero M, Jääskeläinen A, Jääskeläinen AJ, Sane J, Myllykangas L, Paetau A, Vapalahti O. Fatal Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infections Caused by Siberian and European Subtypes, Finland, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:946-948. [PMID: 29664395 PMCID: PMC5938788 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In most locations except for Russia, tick-borne encephalitis is mainly caused by the European virus subtype. In 2015, fatal infections caused by European and Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes in the same Ixodes ricinus tick focus in Finland raised concern over further spread of the Siberian subtype among widespread tick species.
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22
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Waits A, Emelyanova A, Oksanen A, Abass K, Rautio A. Human infectious diseases and the changing climate in the Arctic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:703-713. [PMID: 30317100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climatic factors, especially temperature, precipitation, and humidity play an important role in disease transmission. As the Arctic changes at an unprecedented rate due to climate change, understanding how climatic factors and climate change affect infectious disease rates is important for minimizing human and economic costs. The purpose of this systematic review was to compile recent studies in the field and compare the results to a previously published review. English language searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PLOS One. Russian language searches were conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library "eLibrary.ru". This systematic review yielded 22 articles (51%) published in English and 21 articles (49%) published in Russian since 2012. Articles about zoonotic and vector-borne diseases accounted for 67% (n = 29) of the review. Tick-borne diseases, tularemia, anthrax, and vibriosis were the most researched diseases likely to be impacted by climatic factors in the Arctic. Increased temperature and precipitation are predicted to have the greatest impact on infectious diseases in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Waits
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Antti Oksanen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (FINPAR), 90590 Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Finland
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23
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Panferova YA, Suvorova MA, Shapar AO, Tokarevich NK. BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PATHOGENS IN IXODES SP. TICKS IN ST. PETERSBURG AND LENINGRAD DISTRICT. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2018. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-2-219-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne infections are the most common group of zooanthroponotic diseases in the Northern Hemisphere. For the Baltic Sea region and Fennoscandia, the dominant infectious pathologies transmitted by ticks are tick-borne borreliosis and tick- borne encephalitis. The presence of vast forested areas, actively visited by people in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, contributes to a rather high level of encroachment on the flares and intelligence of the borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis among the population of these regions. The relatively dangerous pathogens that can be transmitted with the tick bite are also of particular danger: Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia sp. In this work, detection was performed using molecular genetic methods of TBE virus, B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia sp. in engorged ticksple, as well as questing ticks collected from vegetation. The established levels of infection of TBE on infected ticks, levels of infection by pathogenic Borrelia of questing and engorgeded ticks were approximately equal. Rickettsia was not found in the ticks. The conducted analysis of the pathogens prevalence in comparison with the data of russian and foreign authors. Monitoring the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is an important issue in the prevention of tick- borne infections in the North-Western Russia.
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24
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Sui S, Yang Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Wang G, Shan G, Wang J, Yu J. On the core bacterial flora of Ixodes persulcatus (Taiga tick). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180150. [PMID: 28692666 PMCID: PMC5503197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixodes persulcatus is a predominant hard tick species that transmits a wide range of human and animal pathogens. Since bacterial flora of the tick dwelling in the wild always vary according to their hosts and the environment, it is highly desirable that species-associated microbiomes are fully determined by using next-generation sequencing and based on comparative metagenomics. Here, we examine such metagenomic changes of I. persulcatus starting with samples collected from the wild ticks and followed by the reared animals under pathogen-free laboratory conditions over multiple generations. Based on high-coverage genomic sequences from three experimental groups–wild, reared for a single generation or R1, and reared for eight generations or R8 –we identify the core bacterial flora of I. persulcatus, which contains 70 species that belong to 69 genera of 8 phyla; such a core is from the R8 group, which is reduced from 4625 species belonging to 1153 genera of 29 phyla in the wild group. Our study provides a novel example of tick core bacterial flora acquired based on wild-to-reared comparison, which paves a way for future research on tick metagenomics and tick-borne disease pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xumin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangle Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Sui S, Yang Y, Fang Z, Wang J, Wang J, Fu Y, Hou Y, Xu B, Yu J. Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Ixodes persulcatus (taiga tick). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2016; 2:3-4. [PMID: 33473695 PMCID: PMC7800817 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1202737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes persulcatus is a species of hard tick which is a predominant tick species that spreads a wide array of serious human and animal pathogens. Here, we first assemble the complete mitogenome of I. persulcatus of China. The total length of the mitogenome was 14,539 bp included 36 genes and with a mitogenome structure similar to other ticks. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the complete mitogenome of I. persulcatus and closely related 19 species ticks to assess their phylogenic relationship and evolution. We also analyze the differences between the mitogenomes of I. persulcatus of Japan and China. The complete mitogenome data would be useful for further study of I. persulcatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sui
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Health Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Health Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Health Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Health Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqun Fu
- Heilongjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Department of Health and Quarantine, Ha Erbin, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Heilongjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Department of Health and Quarantine, Ha Erbin, China
| | - Baoliang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Institute of Health Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
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26
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Jaenson TGT, Värv K, Fröjdman I, Jääskeläinen A, Rundgren K, Versteirt V, Estrada-Peña A, Medlock JM, Golovljova I. First evidence of established populations of the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Sweden. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:377. [PMID: 27370406 PMCID: PMC5116163 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tick species Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus are of exceptional medical importance in the western and eastern parts, respectively, of the Palaearctic region. In Russia and Finland the range of I. persulcatus has recently increased. In Finland the first records of I. persulcatus are from 2004. The apparent expansion of its range in Finland prompted us to investigate if I. persulcatus also occurs in Sweden. Methods Dog owners and hunters in the coastal areas of northern Sweden provided information about localities where ticks could be present. In May-August 2015 we used the cloth-dragging method in 36 localities potentially harbouring ticks in the Bothnian Bay area, province Norrbotten (NB) of northern Sweden. Further to the south in the provinces Västerbotten (VB) and Uppland (UP) eight localities were similarly investigated. Results Ixodes persulcatus was detected in 9 of 36 field localities in the Bothnian Bay area. Nymphs, adult males and adult females (n = 46 ticks) of I. persulcatus were present mainly in Alnus incana - Sorbus aucuparia - Picea abies - Pinus sylvestris vegetation communities on islands in the Bothnian Bay. Some of these I. persulcatus populations seem to be the most northerly populations so far recorded of this species. Dog owners asserted that their dogs became tick-infested on these islands for the first time 7–8 years ago. Moose (Alces alces), hares (Lepus timidus), domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and ground-feeding birds are the most likely carriers dispersing I. persulcatus in this area. All ticks (n = 124) from the more southern provinces of VB and UP were identified as I. ricinus. Conclusions The geographical range of the taiga tick has recently expanded into northern Sweden. Increased information about prophylactic, anti-tick measures should be directed to people living in or visiting the coastal areas and islands of the Baltic Bay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1658-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G T Jaenson
- Medical Entomology Unit, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kairi Värv
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Anu Jääskeläinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Veerle Versteirt
- Precision Pest Management Unit, Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, BE-2980, Zoersel, Belgium
| | - Agustín Estrada-Peña
- Department of Parasitology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, ES-50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jolyon M Medlock
- Medical Entomology Group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.,Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Irina Golovljova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia
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Tonteri E, Kurkela S, Timonen S, Manni T, Vuorinen T, Kuusi M, Vapalahti O. Surveillance of endemic foci of tick-borne encephalitis in Finland 1995-2013: evidence of emergence of new foci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 20:30020. [PMID: 26535471 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2015.20.37.30020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The geographical risk areas for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Finland remained the same until the beginning of the 21st century, but a considerable geographical expansion has been observed in the past 10 years. In order to support public health measures, the present study describes the number of laboratory-confirmed TBE cases and laboratory tests conducted and the associated trends by hospital district, with a particular emphasis on the suspected geographical risk areas. An additional investigation was conducted on 1,957 clinical serum samples throughout the country taken from patients with neurological symptoms to screen for undiagnosed TBE cases. This study identified new TBE foci in Finland, reflecting the spread of the disease into new areas. Even in the most endemic municipalities, transmission of TBE to humans occurred in very specific and often small foci. The number of antibody tests for TBE virus more than doubled (an increase by 105%) between 2007 and 2013. Analysis of the number of tests also revealed areas in which the awareness of clinicians may be suboptimal at present. However, it appears that underdiagnosis of neuroinvasive TBE is not common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tonteri
- Departments of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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The International Scientific Working Group on Tick-Borne Encephalitis (ISW TBE): Review of 17 years of activity and commitment. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Vayssier-Taussat M, Cosson JF, Degeilh B, Eloit M, Fontanet A, Moutailler S, Raoult D, Sellal E, Ungeheuer MN, Zylbermann P. How a multidisciplinary 'One Health' approach can combat the tick-borne pathogen threat in Europe. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:809-18. [PMID: 26000651 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, ticks are the major arthropod vectors of disease agents to humans and domestic animals. They are capable of transmitting many pathogens most of which have been discovered or identified as tick-borne pathogens in the last 20 years. In recent years, unexplained syndromes occurring after a tick bite have become an increasingly important issue in public and animal health. Ticks and wildlife (the main reservoir of tick-borne pathogens) are highly susceptible to global environmental and socio-economic changes, which in turn may lead to an increased burden of tick-borne diseases. In this review, we explain the importance of a 'One Health' approach to better combat tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Eloit
- 4Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Pathogen discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- 5Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, CNAM, Paris, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- 1INRA, UMR Bipar, Anses, ENVA, USC INRA, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- 6URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Tonteri E, Jokelainen P, Matala J, Pusenius J, Vapalahti O. Serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in moose and deer in Finland: sentinels for virus circulation. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:54. [PMID: 26825371 PMCID: PMC4733276 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans has increased in Finland, and the disease has emerged in new foci. These foci have been investigated to determine the circulating virus subtype, the tick host species and the ecological parameters, but countrywide epidemiological information on the distribution of TBEV has been limited. Methods In this study, we screened sera from hunter-harvested wild cervids for the presence of antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) with a hemagglutination inhibition test. The positive results were confirmed by a neutralisation assay. Results Nine (0.74 %) of 1213 moose, one (0.74 %) of 135 white-tailed deer, and none of the 17 roe deer were found seropositive for TBEV. A close geographical congruence between seropositive cervids and recently reported human TBE cases was observed: nine of the ten seropositive animals were from known endemic areas. Conclusions Our results confirm the local circulation of TBEV in several known endemic areas. One seropositive moose had been shot in an area where human TBE cases have not been reported, suggesting a possible new focus. Moose appear to be a useful sentinel animal for the presence of TBEV in the taiga region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tonteri
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Juho Matala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Pusenius
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Virology and Immunology, Hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland.
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Jääskeläinen A, Tonteri E, Pieninkeroinen I, Sironen T, Voutilainen L, Kuusi M, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O. Siberian subtype tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus in a newly emerged focus, Finland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 7:216-223. [PMID: 26548609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The first tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases in Kotka, Finland appeared in 2010. Altogether ten human cases have been diagnosed by 2014. Four had long-lasting sequelae. We collected 195 Ixodes ricinus ticks, nine rodents, and eleven shrews from the archipelago of Kotka in 2011. Three Siberian subtype TBE virus (TBEV) strains were isolated from the ticks and three mammals were positive for TBEV antibodies. The archipelago of Kotka is a newly emerged TBE focus of Siberian subtype TBEV circulating notably in I. ricinus. The patients had on average longer hospitalization than reported for the European subtype infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jääskeläinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elina Tonteri
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liina Voutilainen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Natural Resources Institute, Vantaa Unit, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland.
| | - Markku Kuusi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 400, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 400, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Imhoff M, Hagedorn P, Schulze Y, Hellenbrand W, Pfeffer M, Niedrig M. Review: Sentinels of tick-borne encephalitis risk. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:592-600. [PMID: 26005107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in many regions of Eurasia. The definition of TBE risk areas is complicated by the focal nature of the TBE virus transmission. Furthermore, vaccination may reduce case numbers and thus mask infection risk to unvaccinated persons. Therefore, additional risk indicators are sought to complement the current risk assessment solely based on human incidence. We reviewed studies published over the past ten years investigating potential new sentinels of TBE risk to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various sentinel animal surveys and surrogate indicator methods. Virus prevalence in questing ticks is an unsuitable indicator of TBE infection risk as viral RNA is rarely detected even in large sample sizes collected at known TBE endemic areas. Seroprevalence in domestic animals, on the other hand, showed good spatial correlation with TBE incidence in humans and might also uncover presently unknown TBEV foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Imhoff
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Hagedorn
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yesica Schulze
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hellenbrand
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene & Veterinary Public Health, Centre of Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Niedrig
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Heinz FX, Stiasny K, Holzmann H, Kundi M, Sixl W, Wenk M, Kainz W, Essl A, Kunz C. Emergence of tick-borne encephalitis in new endemic areas in Austria: 42 years of surveillance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:9-16. [PMID: 25860391 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.13.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human infections with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)virus are a public health concern in certain regions of Europe, central and eastern Asia. Expansions of endemic areas and increased incidences have been associated with different factors including ecological changes supporting tick reproduction, socioeconomic changes increasing human outdoor activities and climatic changes favouring virus circulation in natural foci. Austria is among the most strongly affected countries in Central Europe, but the annual number of cases has strongly declined due to vaccination. Here,we have analysed changes of the incidence of TBE in the unvaccinated population of all federal states of Austria over a period of 42 years. The overall incidence in Austria has remained constant, but new strongly affected endemic regions have emerged in alpine valleys in the west of Austria. In parallel, the incidence in low-land regions in the north-east of the country is decreasing. There is no evidence for a shift to higher altitudes of infection sites in the traditional TBE zones,but the average altitudes of some newly established endemic areas in the west are significantly higher. Our analyses underscore the focal nature of TBE endemic areas and the potential of TBE virus to emerge in previously unaffected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Heinz
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kovalev SY, Mukhacheva TA. Tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes emerged through rapid vector switches rather than gradual evolution. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4307-16. [PMID: 25540692 PMCID: PMC4267869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis is the most important human arthropod-borne virus disease in Europe and Russia, with an annual incidence of about 13 thousand people. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is distributed in the natural foci of forest and taiga zones of Eurasia, from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. Currently, there are three mutually exclusive hypotheses about the origin and distribution of TBEV subtypes, although they are based on the same assumption of gradual evolution. Recently, we have described the structure of TBEV populations in terms of a clusteron approach, a clusteron being a structural unit of viral population [Kovalev and Mukhacheva (2013) Infect. Genet. Evol., 14, 22–28]. This approach allowed us to investigate questions of TBEV evolution in a new way and to propose a hypothesis of quantum evolution due to a vector switch. We also consider a possible mechanism for this switch occurring in interspecific hybrids of ticks. It is necessarily accompanied by a rapid accumulation of mutations in the virus genome, which is contrary to the generally accepted view of gradual evolution in assessing the ages of TBEV populations. The proposed hypothesis could explain and predict not only the formation of new subtypes, but also the emergence of new vector-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Kovalev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Ural Federal University Lenin Avenue 51, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Mukhacheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Ural Federal University Lenin Avenue 51, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
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Rieille N, Bressanelli S, Freire CCM, Arcioni S, Gern L, Péter O, Voordouw MJ. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in field-collected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) in southern Switzerland. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:443. [PMID: 25245773 PMCID: PMC4261884 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne encephalitis is the most common tick-borne viral infection in Europe with 3,000 human cases reported each year. In Western Europe, the castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the principal vector of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV appears to be spreading geographically and was recently detected for the first time in Canton Valais in the southern part of Switzerland. The purpose of the present study was to survey the I. ricinus tick populations of Canton Valais for TBEV. METHODS We collected a total of 19,331 I. ricinus ticks at 45 different sites in Canton Valais between 2010 and 2013. Ticks were processed in pools and tested for TBEV using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The NS5 gene and the envelope gene of the TBEV isolates were partially sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS TBEV was detected in tick populations at six of the 45 sites. These six sites were all located in a 33 km transect along the Rhône River. TBEV was detected in two sites for three of the four years of the study showing the temporal persistence of the pathogen. Prevalence of TBEV in the six positive sites ranged from 0.16% to 11.11%. Phylogenetic analysis found that all TBEV isolates from Canton Valais belonged to the European subtype. Genetic analysis found two distinct lineages of TBEV suggesting that Canton Valais experienced two independent colonization events. CONCLUSIONS TBEV appears to be well established at certain locations in Canton Valais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rieille
- />Central Institute of Valais Hospitals, Infectious diseases, Av Grand Champsec 86, Sion, Switzerland
- />Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- />Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS UPR3296, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Caio C M Freire
- />Inter-institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of Sao Paulo, Matao Street 1010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Séverine Arcioni
- />Central Institute of Valais Hospitals, Genetics, Av Grand Champsec 86, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Lise Gern
- />Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Péter
- />Central Institute of Valais Hospitals, Infectious diseases, Av Grand Champsec 86, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Maarten J Voordouw
- />Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Pérez Vera C, Kapiainen S, Junnikkala S, Aaltonen K, Spillmann T, Vapalahti O. Survey of selected tick-borne diseases in dogs in Finland. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:285. [PMID: 24957468 PMCID: PMC4074585 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to climate changes during the last decades, ticks have progressively spread into higher latitudes in northern Europe. Although some tick borne diseases are known to be endemic in Finland, to date there is limited information with regard to the prevalence of these infections in companion animals. We determined the antibody and DNA prevalence of the following organisms in randomly selected client-owned and clinically healthy hunting dogs living in Finland: Ehrlichia canis (Ec), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap), Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) and Bartonella. Methods Anti-Ap, −Bb and –Ec antibodies were determined in 340 Finnish pet dogs and 50 healthy hunting dogs using the 4DX Snap®Test (IDEXX Laboratories). In addition, PCRs for the detection of Ap and Bartonella DNA were performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity to a vector borne agent. Results The overall seroprevalence was highest for Ap (5.3%), followed by Bb (2.9%), and Ec (0.3%). Seropositivities to Ap and Bb were significantly higher in the Åland Islands (p <0.001), with prevalence of Ap and Bb antibodies of 45 and 20%, respectively. In healthy hunting dogs, seropositivity rates of 4% (2/50) and 2% (1/50) were recorded for Ap and Bb, respectively. One client-owned dog and one hunting dog, both healthy, were infected with Ap as determined by PCR, while being seronegative. For Bartonella spp., none of the dogs tested was positive by PCR. Conclusions This study represents the first data of seroprevalence to tick borne diseases in the Finnish dog population. Our results indicate that dogs in Finland are exposed to vector borne diseases, with Ap being the most seroprevalent of the diseases tested, followed by Bb. Almost 50% of dogs living in Åland Islands were Ap seropositive. This finding suggests the possibility of a high incidence of Ap infection in humans in this region. Knowing the distribution of seroprevalence in dogs may help predict the pattern of a tick borne disease and may aid in diagnostic and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez Vera
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, P,O, Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Pettersson JHO, Golovljova I, Vene S, Jaenson TGT. Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in northern Europe with particular reference to Southern Sweden. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:102. [PMID: 24618209 PMCID: PMC4007564 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In northern Europe, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) of the European subtype is usually transmitted to humans by the common tick Ixodes ricinus. The aims of the present study are (i) to obtain up-to-date information on the TBEV prevalence in host-seeking I. ricinus in southern and central Sweden; (ii) to compile and review all relevant published records on the prevalence of TBEV in ticks in northern Europe; and (iii) to analyse and try to explain how the TBE virus can be maintained in natural foci despite an apparently low TBEV infection prevalence in the vector population. Methods To estimate the mean minimum infection rate (MIR) of TBEV in I. ricinus in northern Europe (i.e. Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland) we reviewed all published TBEV prevalence data for host-seeking I. ricinus collected during 1958–2011. Moreover, we collected 2,074 nymphs and 906 adults of I. ricinus from 29 localities in Sweden during 2008. These ticks were screened for TBEV by RT-PCR. Results The MIR for TBEV in nymphal and adult I. ricinus was 0.28% for northern Europe and 0.23% for southern Sweden. The infection prevalence of TBEV was significantly lower in nymphs (0.10%) than in adult ticks (0.55%). At a well-known TBEV-endemic locality, Torö island south-east of Stockholm, the TBEV prevalence (MIR) was 0.51% in nymphs and 4.48% in adults of I. ricinus. Conclusions If the ratio of nymphs to adult ticks in the TBEV-analysed sample differs from that in the I. ricinus population in the field, the MIR obtained will not necessarily reflect the TBEV prevalence in the field. The relatively low TBEV prevalence in the potential vector population recorded in most studies may partly be due to: (i) inclusion of uninfected ticks from the ‘uninfected areas’ surrounding the TBEV endemic foci; (ii) inclusion of an unrepresentative, too large proportion of immature ticks, compared to adult ticks, in the analysed tick pools; and (iii) shortcomings in the laboratory techniques used to detect the virus that may be present in a very low concentration or undetectable state in ticks which have not recently fed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas G T Jaenson
- Medical Entomology Unit, Subdepartment of Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Fomsgaard A, Fertner ME, Essbauer S, Nielsen AY, Frey S, Lindblom P, Lindgren PE, Bødker R, Weidmann M, Dobler G. Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zealand, Denmark, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1171-3. [PMID: 23764123 PMCID: PMC3903456 DOI: 10.3201/eid1907.130092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The three subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus induce encephalitis in a natural host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). PLoS One 2013; 8:e81214. [PMID: 24349041 PMCID: PMC3862475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infects bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in nature, but the relevance of rodents for TBEV transmission and maintenance is unclear. We infected colonized bank voles subcutaneously to study and compare the infection kinetics, acute infection, and potential viral persistence of the three known TBEV subtypes: European (TBEV-Eur), Siberian (TBEV-Sib) and Far Eastern (TBEV-FE). All strains representing the three subtypes were infective and highly neurotropic. They induced (meningo)encephalitis in some of the animals, however most of the cases did not present with apparent clinical symptoms. TBEV-RNA was cleared significantly slower from the brain as compared to other organs studied. Supporting our earlier findings in natural rodent populations, TBEV-RNA could be detected in the brain for up to 168 days post infection, but we could not demonstrate infectivity by cell culture isolation. Throughout all time points post infection, RNA of the TBEV-FE was detected significantly more often than RNA of the other two strains in all organs studied. TBEV-FE also induced prolonged viremia, indicating distinctive kinetics in rodents in comparison to the other two subtypes. This study shows that bank voles can develop a neuroinvasive TBEV infection with persistence of viral RNA in brain, and mount an anti-TBEV IgG response. The findings also provide further evidence that bank voles can serve as sentinels for TBEV endemicity.
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Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Amendolia S, Gaiarsa S, Epis S, Genchi C, Bandi C, Otranto D, Urbanelli S. Effects of global changes on the climatic niche of the tick Ixodes ricinus inferred by species distribution modelling. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:271. [PMID: 24330500 PMCID: PMC3848450 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global climate change can seriously impact on the epidemiological dynamics of vector-borne diseases. In this study we investigated how future climatic changes could affect the climatic niche of Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodida), among the most important vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary concern in Europe. METHODS Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) was used to reconstruct the climatic niche of I. ricinus, and to project it into the future conditions for 2050 and 2080, under two scenarios: a continuous human demographic growth and a severe increase of gas emissions (scenario A2), and a scenario that proposes lower human demographic growth than A2, and a more sustainable gas emissions (scenario B2). Models were reconstructed using the algorithm of "maximum entropy", as implemented in the software Maxent 3.3.3e; 4,544 occurrence points and 15 bioclimatic variables were used. RESULTS In both scenarios an increase of climatic niche of about two times greater than the current area was predicted as well as a higher climatic suitability under the scenario B2 than A2. Such an increase occurred both in a latitudinal and longitudinal way, including northern Eurasian regions (e.g. Sweden and Russia), that were previously unsuitable for the species. CONCLUSIONS Our models are congruent with the predictions of range expansion already observed in I. ricinus at a regional scale and provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the future climatically suitable areas for I. ricinus at a continental scale. Although the use of SDM at a higher resolution should be integrated by a more refined analysis of further abiotic and biotic data, the results presented here suggest that under future climatic scenarios most of the current distribution area of I. ricinus could remain suitable and significantly increase at a continental geographic scale. Therefore disease outbreaks of pathogens transmitted by this tick species could emerge in previous non-endemic geographic areas. Further studies will implement and refine present data toward a better understanding of the risk represented by I. ricinus to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrantonio
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Amendolia
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gaiarsa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Genchi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Correlation of TBE incidence with red deer and roe deer abundance in Slovenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66380. [PMID: 23776668 PMCID: PMC3679065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus infection which sometimes causes human disease. The TBE virus is found in ticks and certain vertebrate tick hosts in restricted endemic localities termed TBE foci. The formation of natural foci is a combination of several factors: the vectors, a suitable and numerous enough number of hosts and in a habitat with suitable vegetation and climate. The present study investigated the influence of deer on the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. We were able to obtain data from deer culls. Using this data, the abundance of deer was estimated and temporal and spatial analysis was performed. The abundance of deer has increased in the past decades, as well as the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. Temporal analysis confirmed a correlation between red deer abundance and tick-borne encephalitis occurrence. Additionally, spatial analysis established, that in areas with high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis red deer density is higher, compared to areas with no or few human cases of tick-borne encephalitis. However, such correlation could not be confirmed between roe deer density and the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. This is presumably due to roe deer density being above a certain threshold so that availability of tick reproduction hosts has no apparent effect on ticks' host finding and consequently may not be possible to correlate with incidence of human TBE.
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Katargina O, Russakova S, Geller J, Kondrusik M, Zajkowska J, Zygutiene M, Bormane A, Trofimova J, Golovljova I. Detection and characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Baltic countries and eastern Poland. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61374. [PMID: 23650497 PMCID: PMC3641128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks were collected from the vegetation in the Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and eastern Poland and analyzed for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) by amplification of the partial E and NS3 genes. In Estonia we found statistically significant differences in the TBEV prevalence between I. persulcatus and I. ricinus ticks (4.23% and 0.42%, respectively). In Latvia, the difference in TBEV prevalence between the two species was not statistically significant (1.02% for I. persulcatus and 1.51% for I. ricinus, respectively). In Lithuania and Poland TBEV was detected in 0.24% and 0.11% of I. ricinus ticks, respectively. Genetic characterization of the partial E and NS3 sequences demonstrated that the TBEV strains belonged to the European subtype in all countries, as well as to the Siberian subtype in Estonia. We also found that in areas where ranges of two tick species overlap, the TBEV subtypes may be detected not only in their natural vector, but also in sympatric tick species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Katargina
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Stanislava Russakova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Julia Geller
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Macije Kondrusik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajkowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Milda Zygutiene
- Department of Epidemiological Surveillance, Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Antra Bormane
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance and Immunisation Unit, Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julia Trofimova
- Molecular Biology of Bacterial Infection Unit, Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases, East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Golovljova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
- * E-mail:
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Uzcátegui NY, Sironen T, Golovljova I, Jääskeläinen AE, Välimaa H, Lundkvist Å, Plyusnin A, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O. Rate of evolution and molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe, including two isolations from the same focus 44 years apart. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:786-796. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.035766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae. It is transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks in a cycle involving rodents and small mammals. TBEV has three subtypes: European, Siberian and Far Eastern. The virus causes thousands of cases of meningoencephalitis in Europe annually, with an increasing trend. The increase may be attributed to a complex network of elements, including climatic, environmental and socio-economic factors. In an attempt to understand the evolutionary history and dispersal of TBEV, to existing genetic data we add two novel complete ORF sequences of TBEV strains from northern Europe and the completion of the genome of four others. Moreover, we provide a unique measure for the natural rate of evolution of TBEV by studying two isolations from the same forest on an island in Åland archipelago 44 years apart. For all isolates, we analysed the phylogeny, rate of evolution and probable time of radiation of the different TBEV strains. The results show that the two lineages of TBEV in different Ixodes species have evolved independently for approximately 3300 years. Notably, rapid radiation of TBEV-Eur occurred approximately 300 years ago, without the large-scale geographical clustering observed previously for the Siberian subtype. The measurements from the natural rate of evolution correlated with the estimates done by phylogenetic programs, demonstrating their robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Y. Uzcátegui
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irina Golovljova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, EE-11619 Tallinn, Estonia
- Center for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anu E. Jääskeläinen
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), PO Box 400, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Center for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden
| | - Alexander Plyusnin
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), PO Box 400, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), PO Box 400, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Infection Biology Research Program, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, PO Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fritz R, Orlinger KK, Hofmeister Y, Janecki K, Traweger A, Perez-Burgos L, Barrett PN, Kreil TR. Quantitative comparison of the cross-protection induced by tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccines based on European and Far Eastern virus subtypes. Vaccine 2011; 30:1165-9. [PMID: 22178103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus of wide geographic distribution and the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), an infection of the central nervous system. TBE has the highest incidence rate in Russia, where locally produced as well as Western European vaccines for the prevention of TBE are available. The Western European vaccines are based on TBE viruses that belong to the European subtype, while the Russian vaccines are based on Far Eastern subtype viruses. The question of to which extent vaccination with a vaccine based on the European subtype is effective in protecting against the heterologous Far Eastern virus subtype - and vice versa - has not been answered conclusively. Here we immunized mice with TBE vaccines based on European and Far Eastern subtype viruses, and used an unbiased hybrid virus test system to determine cross-neutralizing antibody titers and cross-protective efficacy. All vaccines tested elicited cross-protective responses against the heterologous strains, similar to those induced against the respective homologous vaccine strains. These data, therefore, fully support the use of TBE vaccines in geographic regions where virus subtypes heterologous to the vaccine strains are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fritz
- Baxter BioScience, Vaccine Research and Development, Biomedical Research Centre, Uferstrasse 15, A-2304 Orth a.d. Donau, Austria
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Weidmann M, Růžek D, Křivanec K, Zöller G, Essbauer S, Pfeffer M, Zanotto PMDA, Hufert FT, Dobler G. Relation of genetic phylogeny and geographical distance of tick-borne encephalitis virus in central Europe. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1906-1916. [PMID: 21593276 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.032417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important arboviral agent causing disease of the central nervous system in central Europe. In this study, 61 TBEV E gene sequences derived from 48 isolates from the Czech Republic, and four isolates and nine TBEV strains detected in ticks from Germany, covering more than half a century from 1954 to 2009, were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analysis to determine the phylogeography of TBEV in central Europe. The general Eurasian continental east-to-west pattern of the spread of TBEV was confirmed at the regional level but is interlaced with spreading that arises because of local geography and anthropogenic influence. This spread is reflected by the disease pattern in the Czech Republic that has been observed since 1991. The overall evolutionary rate was estimated to be approximately 8×10(-4) substitutions per nucleotide per year. The analysis of the TBEV E genes of 11 strains isolated at one natural focus in žďár Kaplice proved for the first time that TBEV is indeed subject to local evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weidmann
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Růžek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K Křivanec
- Central Military Institute of Health, Army Forces of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - G Zöller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S Essbauer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P M de A Zanotto
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Hufert
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
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Pfeffer M, Dobler G. Tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs--is this an issue? Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:59. [PMID: 21489255 PMCID: PMC3094398 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The last review on Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in dogs was published almost ten years ago. Since then, this zoonotic tick-borne arbovirus has been geographically spreading and emerging in many regions in Eurasia and continues to do so. Dogs become readily infected with TBE virus but they are accidental hosts not capable to further spread the virus. They seroconvert upon infection but they seem to be much more resistant to the clinical disease than humans. Apart from their use as sentinels in endemic areas, however, an increasing number of case reports appeared during the last decade thus mirroring the rising public health concerns. Owing to the increased mobility of people travelling to endemic areas with their companion dogs, this consequently leads to problems in recognizing and diagnosing this severe infection in a yet non-endemic area, simply because the veterinarians are not considering TBE. This situation warrants an update on the epidemiology, clinical presentation and possible preventions of TBE in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene & Veterinary Public Health, Centre of Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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Süss J. Tick-borne encephalitis 2010: Epidemiology, risk areas, and virus strains in Europe and Asia—An overview. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2011; 2:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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The Icy Realm of the Rime. Emerg Infect Dis 2011. [PMCID: PMC7946447 DOI: 10.3201/eid1702.ac1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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