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Liao W, Wang Y, Wang L, Li J, Huang D, Cheng W, Luan P. The current status and challenges of olfactory dysfunction study in Alzheimer's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102453. [PMID: 39127444 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Olfactory functioning involves multiple cognitive processes and the coordinated actions of various neural systems. Any disruption at any stage of this process may result in olfactory dysfunction, which is consequently widely used to predict the onset and progression of diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully unraveled, apparent changes were observed in olfactory brain areas form patients who suffer from AD by means of medical imaging and electroencephalography (EEG). Olfactory dysfunction holds significant promise in detecting AD during the preclinical stage preceding mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Owing to the strong specificity, olfactory tests are prevalently applied for screening in community cohorts. And combining olfactory tests with other biomarkers may further establish an optimal model for AD prediction in studies of specific olfactory dysfunctions and improve the sensitivity and specificity of early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Liao
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Dongqing Huang
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
| | - Ping Luan
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
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Bouhaben J, Delgado-Lima AH, Delgado-Losada ML. The role of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105425. [PMID: 38615524 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This comprehensive meta-analysis investigates the association between olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A thorough search across databases identified articles analyzing olfactory status in MCI or AD patients. Methodological quality assessment followed PRISMA guidelines. Hedges' g effect size statistic computed standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Moderator analysis was conducted. RESULTS Among the included studies (65 for MCI and 61 for AD), odor identification exhibited larger effect sizes compared to odor threshold and discrimination, in both MCI and AD samples. Moderate effect size is found in OI scores in MCI (k = 65, SE = 0.078, CI 95% = [-1.151, -0.844]). Furthermore, compared to MCI, AD had moderate to large heterogeneous effects in olfactory identification (k = 61, g = -2.062, SE = 0.125, CI 95% = [-2.308, -1.816]). Global cognitive status is positively related to olfactory identification impairment in both MCI (k = 57, Z = 2.74, p = 0.006) and AD (k = 53, Z = 5.03, p < 0.0001) samples. CONCLUSION Olfactory impairments exhibit a notable and substantial presence in MCI. Among these impairments, odor identification experiences the greatest decline in MCI, mirroring the primary sensory deficit observed in AD. Consequently, the incorporation of a straightforward odor identification test is advisable in the evaluation of individuals vulnerable to the onset of AD, offering a practical screening tool for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bouhaben
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Alice Helena Delgado-Lima
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - María Luisa Delgado-Losada
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain.
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3
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Diez I, Ortiz-Terán L, Ng TSC, Albers MW, Marshall G, Orwig W, Kim CM, Bueichekú E, Montal V, Olofsson J, Vannini P, El Fahkri G, Sperling R, Johnson K, Jacobs HIL, Sepulcre J. Tau propagation in the brain olfactory circuits is associated with smell perception changes in aging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4809. [PMID: 38844444 PMCID: PMC11156945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct access of olfactory afferents to memory-related cortical systems has inspired theories about the role of the olfactory pathways in the development of cortical neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we used baseline olfactory identification measures with longitudinal flortaucipir and PiB PET, diffusion MRI of 89 cognitively normal older adults (73.82 ± 8.44 years; 56% females), and a transcriptomic data atlas to investigate the spatiotemporal spreading and genetic vulnerabilities of AD-related pathology aggregates in the olfactory system. We find that odor identification deficits are predominantly associated with tau accumulation in key areas of the olfactory pathway, with a particularly strong predictive power for longitudinal tau progression. We observe that tau spreads from the medial temporal lobe structures toward the olfactory system, not the reverse. Moreover, we observed a genetic background of odor perception-related genes that might confer vulnerability to tau accumulation along the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Laura Ortiz-Terán
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- UMASS Memorial Medical Center, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S C Ng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gad Marshall
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Orwig
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chan-Mi Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisenda Bueichekú
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Montal
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonas Olofsson
- Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Vannini
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges El Fahkri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Johnson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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4
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Loughnane M, Tischler V, Khalid Saifeldeen R, Kontaris E. Aging and Olfactory Training: A Scoping Review. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae044. [PMID: 38881614 PMCID: PMC11176978 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Decreased olfactory function commonly occurs alongside the aging process. Research suggests olfactory training (OT) has the potential to improve olfactory and cognitive function in individuals with and without olfactory dysfunction. The degree to which these benefits extend into older age and among those with cognitive impairment (i.e., people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment) is less clear. The purpose of the current review was to investigate the extent to which OT affects olfactory function, cognition, and well-being among older people. Research Design and Methods A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, EbscoHost, and SCOPUS. Articles were considered eligible for original research studies with human populations, included adults aged 55 and older, performed any type of OT, and included a form of olfactory testing. The data from the included studies were synthesized and presented narratively. Results A total of 23 studies were included. The results suggest that OT provides multiple benefits to older adults, including those with cognitive impairment. Particularly, OT was associated with measurable changes in olfactory function, improved cognitive function, specifically semantic verbal fluency and working memory, reduced depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline. Discussion and Implications The findings suggest that benefits from OT extend beyond changes in olfactory function and include improved cognitive function, amelioration of depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline. Future research is needed across specific participant groups, including those with differentiated types of dementia, to investigate the olfactory and cognitive benefits of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Kontaris
- Health and Well-Being Centre of Excellence, Givaudan UK Limited, Ashford, UK
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Jobin B, Boller B, Frasnelli J. Smaller grey matter volume in the central olfactory system in mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112325. [PMID: 37952649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to increase the specificity of the early diagnosis. While episodic memory impairment is a sensitive AD marker, other measures are needed to improve diagnostic specificity. A promising biomarker might be a cerebral atrophy of the central olfactory processing areas in the early stages of the disease since an impairment of olfactory identification is present at the clinical stage of AD. Our goal was therefore, (1) to evaluate the grey matter volume (GMV) of central olfactory processing regions in prodromal AD and (2) to assess its association with episodic memory. We included 34 cognitively normal healthy controls (HC), 92 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We performed regions of interest analysis (ROI) using two different approaches, allowing to extract GMV from (1) atlas-based anatomical ROIs and from (2) functional and non-functional subregions of these ROIs (olfactory ROIs and non-olfactory ROIs). Participants with MCI exhibited smaller olfactory ROIs GMV, including significant reductions in the piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and left hippocampus compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.05, corrected). No significant effect was found regarding anatomical or non-olfactory ROIs GMV. The left hippocampus olfactory ROI GMV was correlated with episodic memory performance (p < 0.05 corrected). Limbic/medial-temporal olfactory processing areas are specifically atrophied at the MCI stage, and the degree of atrophy might predict cognitive decline in AD early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada
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Xiao Z, Wu W, Ma X, Wu J, Liang X, Cao Y, Zhao Q, Ding D. Olfactory function, neurofilament light chain, and cognitive trajectory: A 12-year follow-up of the Shanghai Aging Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12485. [PMID: 37800096 PMCID: PMC10549963 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) modifies the association of olfactory dysfunction (OD) with long-term cognitive decline. A total of 1125 non-demented older adults in the Shanghai Aging Study were evaluated for baseline olfaction (12-item Sniffin' Sticks Smell Test) and cognitive trajectory by a 12-year follow-up. Baseline blood NfL was quantified using Single Molecular Array assay, and dichotomized into low and high levels based on the median value of concentration. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-40 were used to assess participants' cognitive function. Cognitive decline was ascertained when dementia was diagnosed or documented in the medical record during follow-up, or the MMSE declining rate (slope) was 1.0 SD larger than the group mean. OD participants presented a steeper trajectory of MMSE score (p interaction = 0.004) and a high risk of cognitive decline (adjusted HR [95% CI], 1.82 [1.11, 2.98]) only in those with high NfL. Participants with combined OD and high NfL showed the highest risk of cognitive decline (adjusted HR, 2.43 [1.20, 4.92]). OD, especially in combination with high blood NfL concentration, may be able to identify individuals who later incur cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoxi Ma
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Unit of Integrative EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu S, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Li Z, Li R, Qiu Y, Peng H. Disparity of smell tests in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1249512. [PMID: 37744388 PMCID: PMC10512741 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1249512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are discrepancies of olfactory impairment between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Olfactory deficits may be a potential marker for early and differential diagnosis of AD. We aimed to assess olfactory functions in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, to further evaluate the smell tests using subgroup analysis, and to explore moderating factors affecting olfactory performance. Methods Cross-sectional studies relating to olfactory assessment for both AD and other neurodegenerative disorders published before 27 July 2022 in English, were searched on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. After literature screening and quality assessment, meta-analyses were conducted using stata14.0 software. Results Forty-two articles involving 12 smell tests that evaluated 2,569 AD patients were included. It was revealed that smell tests could distinguish AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Lewy body disease (LBD), depression, and vascular dementia (VaD), but not from diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our finding indicated that in discriminating AD from MCI, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was most frequently used (95%CI: -1.12 to -0.89), while the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT), was the most widely used method in AD vs. LBD group. Further subgroup analyses indicated that the methods of smell test used contributed to the heterogeneity in olfactory threshold and discrimination scores in group AD vs. MCI. While the moderating variables including age, MMSE scores, education years in AD vs. LBD, were account for heterogeneity across studies. Conclusion Our finding suggests smell tests have potential value in early differential diagnosis of AD. UPSIT and its simplified variant, B-SIT, are widely used methods in the analyses. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php? RecordID = 357970 (PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022357970).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Qiu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Disrupted olfactory functional connectivity in patients with late-life depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:174-181. [PMID: 35292309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odor identification (OI) impairment increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and brain abnormalities in patients with late-life depression (LLD). However, it remains unclear whether abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of olfactory regions is involved in the relationship between OI impairment and dementia risk in LLD patients. The current study aims to explore the olfactory FC patterns of LLD patients and how olfactory FCs mediate the relationship between OI and cognition. METHODS A total of 150 participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychometric and olfactory assessments. The primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected as regions of interest to investigate olfactory FC patterns and their association with OI and cognitive performance in LLD patients. RESULTS Compared with LLD patients without OI impairment and normal controls, LLD patients with OI impairment exhibited increased FC between the left orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and left calcarine gyrus, between the left OFC and right lingual gyrus, between the right OFC and right rectus gyrus, and decreased FC between the right piriform cortex and right superior parietal lobule. Additionally, these abnormal FCs were associated with scores of OI, global cognition and language function. Finally, the FC between the right piriform cortex and right superior parietal lobule exhibited a partially mediated effect on the relationship between OI and MMSE scores. LIMITATIONS The present study did not exclude the possible effect of drugs. CONCLUSION LLD patients with OI impairment exhibited more disrupted olfactory FC (a decrease in the primary olfactory cortex and an increase in the secondary olfactory cortex) than LLD patients with intact OI, and these abnormal FCs may serve as potential targets for neuromodulation in LLD patients to prevent them from developing dementia.
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Tian Q, Bilgel M, Moghekar AR, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Olfaction, Cognitive Impairment, and PET Biomarkers in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1275-1285. [PMID: 35180111 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory deficits are early features of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether olfaction is associated with PET biomarkers among community-dwelling older adults is less clear. OBJECTIVE Investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of olfaction with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposition. METHODS We analyzed 364 initially cognitively normal participants (58% women, 24% black) who had baseline olfaction data and subsequent cognitive assessments during an average 2.4-year. A subset of 129 had PET-PiB (Aβ) (n = 72 repeated) and 105 had 18F-flortaucipir (FTP)-PET (tau) (n = 44 repeated). Olfaction was measured using a 16-item Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test. The association of olfaction with incident MCI was examined using Cox regression. Associations with PiB-distribution volume ratio (DVR) and FTP-standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) were examined using partial correlation. We tested whether PiB+/-status modified these associations. Analyses were adjusted for demographics and olfactory test version. RESULTS 17 (5%) participants developed MCI. Each unit lower odor identification score was associated with 22% higher risk of developing MCI (p = 0.04). In the PET subset, lower scores were associated with higher mean cortical DVR and DVR in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus (p≤0.04). The "olfaction*PiB+/-" interaction in OFC DVR was significant (p = 0.03), indicating the association was limited to PiB positive individuals. Greater decline in odor identification score was associated with greater increase in anterior OFC DVR and entorhinal tau SUVR (p≤0.03). CONCLUSION Among community-dwelling older adults, poorer olfaction predicts incident MCI and is associated with overall and regional Aβ. Greater olfaction decline is associated with faster Aβ and tau accumulation in olfaction-related regions. Whether olfaction predicts AD-related neurodegenerative changes warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Tian
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R Moghekar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Xu J, Green R, Kim M, Lord J, Ebshiana A, Westwood S, Baird AL, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Shi L, Hye A, Snowden SG, Bos I, Vos SJB, Vandenberghe R, Teunissen CE, Kate MT, Scheltens P, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Blin O, Richardson J, De Roeck EE, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Bordet R, Rami L, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey FRJ, Alcolea D, Lleó A, Peyratout G, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Dobricic V, Frisoni GB, Molinuevo JL, Wallin A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Bertram L, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Lovestone S, Proitsi P, Legido-Quigley C. Sex-Specific Metabolic Pathways Were Associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Endophenotypes in the European Medical Information Framework for AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1610. [PMID: 34829839 PMCID: PMC8615383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND physiological differences between males and females could contribute to the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here, we examined metabolic pathways that may lead to precision medicine initiatives. METHODS We explored whether sex modifies the association of 540 plasma metabolites with AD endophenotypes including diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain imaging, and cognition using regression analyses for 695 participants (377 females), followed by sex-specific pathway overrepresentation analyses, APOE ε4 stratification and assessment of metabolites' discriminatory performance in AD. RESULTS In females with AD, vanillylmandelate (tyrosine pathway) was increased and tryptophan betaine (tryptophan pathway) was decreased. The inclusion of these two metabolites (area under curve (AUC) = 0.83, standard error (SE) = 0.029) to a baseline model (covariates + CSF biomarkers, AUC = 0.92, SE = 0.019) resulted in a significantly higher AUC of 0.96 (SE = 0.012). Kynurenate was decreased in males with AD (AUC = 0.679, SE = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS metabolic sex-specific differences were reported, covering neurotransmission and inflammation pathways with AD endophenotypes. Two metabolites, in pathways related to dopamine and serotonin, were associated to females, paving the way to personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Rebecca Green
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark;
| | - Jodie Lord
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Amera Ebshiana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Alison L. Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Stuart G. Snowden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Blin
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacovigilance Department, Aix-Marseille University-CNRS, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Jill Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Ellen Elisa De Roeck
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Régis Bordet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Mikel Tainta
- Fundación CITA-Alzhéimer Fundazioa, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (V.D.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.); (J.L.M.)
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (V.D.); (L.B.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (K.B.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 415 45 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (K.B.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 415 45 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
- Janssen-Cilag UK Ltd., Oxford HP12 4EG, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark;
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12
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Olofsson JK. Olfaction and Aging: A Review of the Current State of Research and Future Directions. Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211020331. [PMID: 34249327 PMCID: PMC8239976 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Olofsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Klein J, Yan X, Johnson A, Tomljanovic Z, Zou J, Polly K, Honig LS, Brickman AM, Stern Y, Devanand D, Lee S, Kreisl WC. Olfactory Impairment Is Related to Tau Pathology and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1051-1065. [PMID: 33646153 PMCID: PMC8044007 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory impairment is evident in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its precise relationships with clinical biomarker measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine if odor identification performance measured with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is related to in vivo measures of tau pathology and neuroinflammation. METHODS Cognitively normal and cognitively impaired participants were selected from an established research cohort of adults aged 50 and older who underwent neuropsychological testing, brain MRI, and amyloid PET. Fifty-four participants were administered the UPSIT. Forty-one underwent 18F-MK-6240 PET (measuring tau pathology) and fifty-three underwent 11C-PBR28 PET (measuring TSPO, present in activated microglia). Twenty-three participants had lumbar puncture to measure CSF concentrations of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid-β (Aβ42). RESULTS Low UPSIT performance was associated with greater18F-MK-6240 binding in medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, middle/inferior temporal gyri, inferior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). Similar relationships were seen for 11C-PBR28. These relationships were primarily driven by amyloid-positive participants. Lower UPSIT performance was associated with greater CSF concentrations of t-tau and p-tau (p < 0.05). Amyloid status and cognitive status exhibited independent effects on UPSIT performance (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Olfactory identification deficits are related to extent of tau pathology and neuroinflammation, particularly in those with amyloid pathophysiology. The independent association of amyloid-positivity and cognitive impairment with odor identification suggests that low UPSIT performance may be a marker for AD pathophysiology in cognitive normal individuals, although impaired odor identification is associated with both AD and non-AD related neurodegeneration.NCT Registration Numbers: NCT03373604; NCT02831283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klein
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Xinyu Yan
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Aubrey Johnson
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - James Zou
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Krista Polly
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - D.P. Devanand
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,The Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc, New York, NY
| | - William C. Kreisl
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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14
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Tu L, Lv X, Fan Z, Zhang M, Wang H, Yu X. Association of Odor Identification Ability With Amyloid-β and Tau Burden: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:586330. [PMID: 33324151 PMCID: PMC7726324 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.586330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations between olfactory identification (OI) ability and the Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were not clear. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between OI and Aβ and tau burden. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched until June 2019 to identify studies that reported correlation coefficients or regression coefficients between OI and Aβ or tau levels measured by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Pooled Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for the PET imaging and CSF biomarkers, with subgroup analysis for subjects classified into different groups. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five studies (N = 494) involved Aβ PET, one involved tau PET (N = 26), and four involved CSF Aβ or tau (N = 345). OI was negatively associated with Aβ PET in the mixed (r = -0.25, P = 0.008) and cognitively normal groups (r = -0.15, P = 0.004) but not in the mild cognitive impairment group. A similar association with CSF total tau in the mixed group was also observed. No association was found between OI and CSF phosphorylated tau or Aβ42 in the subgroup analysis of the CSF biomarkers. Due to a lack of data, no pooled r value could be computed for the association between the OI and tau PET. Conclusion: The associations between OI ability and Aβ and CSF tau burden in older adults are negligible. While current evidence does not support the association, further studies using PET tau imaging are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Fan
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Uchida S, Shimada C, Sakuma N, Kagitani F, Kan A, Awata S. The relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in the elderly. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:48. [PMID: 33054707 PMCID: PMC10717970 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in 12 elderly people (age: 80.9 ± 1.6) living in the community. Olfactory function was assessed by the identification threshold for rose odor. Four cognitive measures consisting general cognitive ability assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), its sub-domains, and attentional ability assessed by drawing a line to connect the numbers consecutively (trail-making test part A; TMT-A), were assessed. Subjects with a higher olfactory threshold (≥ 5) declined more in the performance speed of TMT-A (73% ± 7%, p = 0.05) compared with those subjects with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value was set at 100%). Other cognitive statuses assessed by MMSE tended to decline in subjects with higher thresholds. Because attentional function relates to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function, particularly of attention-relating cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Chiho Shimada
- Department of Exploring End-of-Life Care for the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakuma
- Department of Dementia and Mental Health Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akiko Kan
- Department of Health Services Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Department of Dementia and Mental Health Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Ding D, Xiao Z, Liang X, Wu W, Zhao Q, Cao Y. Predictive Value of Odor Identification for Incident Dementia: The Shanghai Aging Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:266. [PMID: 33005146 PMCID: PMC7479092 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the value of odors in the olfactory identification (OI) test and other known risk factors for predicting incident dementia in the prospective Shanghai Aging Study. METHODS At baseline, OI was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks Screening Test 12, which contains 12 different odors. Cognition assessment and consensus diagnosis were conducted at both baseline and follow-up to identify incident dementia. Four different multivariable logistic regression (MLR) models were used for predicting incident dementia. In the no-odor model, only demographics, lifestyle, and medical history variables were included. In the single-odor model, we further added one single odor to the first model. In the full model, all 12 odors were included. In the stepwise model, the variables were selected using a bidirectional stepwise selection method. The predictive abilities of these models were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The permutation importance method was used to evaluate the relative importance of different odors and other known risk factors. RESULTS Seventy-five (8%) incident dementia cases were diagnosed during 4.9 years of follow-up among 947 participants. The full and the stepwise MLR model (AUC = 0.916 and 0.914, respectively) have better predictive abilities compared with those of the no- or single-odor models. The five most important variables are Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, age, peppermint detection, coronary artery disease, and height in the full model, and MMSE, age, peppermint detection, stroke, and education in the stepwise model. The combination of only the top five variables in the stepwise model (AUC = 0.901 and sensitivity = 0.880) has as a good a predictive ability as other models. CONCLUSION The ability to smell peppermint might be one of the useful indicators for predicting dementia. Combining peppermint detection with MMSE, age, education, and history of stroke may have sensitive and robust predictive value for dementia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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17
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Baek MS, Cho H, Lee HS, Lee JH, Ryu YH, Lyoo CH. Effect of A/T/N imaging biomarkers on impaired odor identification in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11556. [PMID: 32665636 PMCID: PMC7360607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor identification ability may serve as an important diagnostic biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the study is to investigate the contribution of A/T/N neuroimaging biomarkers to impaired odor identification ability in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum. In 127 participants, we compared A/T/N neuroimaging biomarkers between normosmia and hyposmia groups, and performed correlation analysis between the biomarkers and Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT) scores. Additionally, path analysis for odor identification ability was performed using cognitive function as a mediator. In between-group comparison, individuals with hyposmia showed higher frequency of amyloid-β (Aβ) positivity, and lower neuropsychological test performance than those with normosmia. After correction for covariates including total cognition scores, there was no difference in the Aβ or tau burden between the normosmia and hyposmia groups, and no correlation between CCSIT scores and Aβ or tau burden. Meanwhile, cortical volumes in the lateral and medial temporal cortices were smaller in the hyposmia group and decreased with the worsening of CCSIT scores. Path analysis showed that only neurodegeneration had a direct effect on odor identification, while Aβ and tau burden contributed to odor identification with the mediation of cognition. In the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, impaired odor identification ability may be attributable to neurodegeneration rather than the direct effect of Aβ or tau burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Baek
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, Flores-Cuadrado A, Rioja-Corroto E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Cabello-de la Rosa JP, Gallardo-Alcañiz MJ, Vaamonde-Gamo J, Relea-Calatayud F, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Mohedano-Moriano A, Rabano A, Martinez-Marcos A. The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:22. [PMID: 32493457 PMCID: PMC7271529 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Their etiologies are idiopathic, and treatments are symptomatic and orientated towards cognitive or motor deficits. Neuropathologically, both are proteinopathies with pathological aggregates (plaques of amyloid-β peptide and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease, and Lewy bodies mostly composed of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease). These deposits appear in the nervous system in a predictable and accumulative sequence with six neuropathological stages. Both disorders present a long prodromal period, characterized by preclinical signs including hyposmia. Interestingly, the olfactory system, particularly the anterior olfactory nucleus, is initially and preferentially affected by the pathology. Cerebral atrophy revealed by magnetic resonance imaging must be complemented by histological analyses to ascertain whether neuronal and/or glial loss or neuropil remodeling are responsible for volumetric changes. It has been proposed that these proteinopathies could act in a prion-like manner in which a misfolded protein would be able to force native proteins into pathogenic folding (seeding), which then propagates through neurons and glia (spreading). Existing data have been examined to establish why some neuronal populations are vulnerable while others are resistant to pathology and to what extent glia prevent and/or facilitate proteinopathy spreading. Connectomic approaches reveal a number of hubs in the olfactory system (anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory entorhinal cortex and cortical amygdala) that are key interconnectors with the main hubs (the entorhinal-hippocampal-cortical and amygdala-dorsal motor vagal nucleus) of network dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Rioja-Corroto
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Julia Vaamonde-Gamo
- Neurology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Pathology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Rabano
- Neuropathology Department and Tissue Bank, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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19
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Westwood S, Baird AL, Anand SN, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Kormilitzin A, Shi L, Hye A, Ashton NJ, Morgan AR, Bos I, Vos SJ, Baker S, Buckley NJ, Ten Kate M, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Engelborghs S, De Roeck EE, Sleegers K, Frisoni GB, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Molinuevo JL, Rami L, Wallin A, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey F, Lléo A, Sala I, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Dobricic V, Legido-Quigley C, Bertram L, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Morgan BP, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Lovestone S. Validation of Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers Relating to Brain Amyloid Burden in the EMIF-Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:213-225. [PMID: 31985466 PMCID: PMC7175945 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously investigated, discovered, and replicated plasma protein biomarkers for use to triage potential trials participants for PET or cerebrospinal fluid measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This study sought to undertake validation of these candidate plasma biomarkers in a large, multi-center sample collection. Targeted plasma analyses of 34 proteins with prior evidence for prediction of in vivo pathology were conducted in up to 1,000 samples from cognitively healthy elderly individuals, people with mild cognitive impairment, and in patients with AD-type dementia, selected from the EMIF-AD catalogue. Proteins were measured using Luminex xMAP, ELISA, and Meso Scale Discovery assays. Seven proteins replicated in their ability to predict in vivo amyloid pathology. These proteins form a biomarker panel that, along with age, could significantly discriminate between individuals with high and low amyloid pathology with an area under the curve of 0.74. The performance of this biomarker panel remained consistent when tested in apolipoprotein E ɛ4 non-carrier individuals only. This blood-based panel is biologically relevant, measurable using practical immunocapture arrays, and could significantly reduce the cost incurred to clinical trials through screen failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J.B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Silvy Gabel
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen E. De Roeck
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Belgium
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- AIX Marseille University, INS, Ap-Hm, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - José L. Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hopsital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lléo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Kings College London, London, UK
- The Systems Medicine Group, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherland
- UCL Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- UCB, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium, formerly Janssen R&D, LLC. Beerse, Belgium at the Time of Study Conduct
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
- Janssen R&D, UK formerly affiliation (1) at the Time of the Study Conduct
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20
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Ashton NJ, Suárez-Calvet M, Heslegrave A, Hye A, Razquin C, Pastor P, Sanchez-Valle R, Molinuevo JL, Visser PJ, Blennow K, Hodges AK, Zetterberg H. Plasma levels of soluble TREM2 and neurofilament light chain in TREM2 rare variant carriers. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:94. [PMID: 31779670 PMCID: PMC6883551 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Results from recent clinical studies suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that are indicative of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be replicated in blood, e.g. amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ42 and Aβ40) and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Such data proposes that blood is a rich source of potential biomarkers reflecting central nervous system pathophysiology and should be fully explored for biomarkers that show promise in CSF. Recently, soluble fragments of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) protein in CSF have been reported to be increased in prodromal AD and also in individuals with TREM2 rare genetic variants that increase the likelihood of developing dementia. Methods In this study, we measured the levels of plasma sTREM2 and plasma NFL using the MesoScale Discovery and single molecule array platforms, respectively, in 48 confirmed TREM2 rare variant carriers and 49 non-carriers. Results Our results indicate that there are no changes in plasma sTREM2 and NFL concentrations between TREM2 rare variant carriers and non-carriers. Furthermore, plasma sTREM2 is not different between healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. Conclusion Concentrations of plasma sTREM2 do not mimic the recent changes found in CSF sTREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK.
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER and Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08221, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, 08222, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Angela K Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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21
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Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG, Loeffler M, Wirkner K, Engel C. Olfactory function is associated with cognitive performance: results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:43. [PMID: 31077241 PMCID: PMC6511191 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies in older adults or those with cognitive impairment have shown associations between cognitive and olfactory performance, but there are few population-based studies especially in younger adults. We therefore cross-sectionally analyzed this association using data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. Methods Cognitive assessments comprised tests from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD): verbal fluency (VF), word list learning and recall (WLL, WLR), and the Trail Making Tests (TMT) A and B. The “Sniffin’ Sticks Screening 12” test was used to measure olfactory performance. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the number of correctly identified odors (0 to 12) and the five cognitive test scores, adjusted for sex, age, education, and the presence of depressive symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to determine the discriminative performance of the number of correctly identified odors regarding identification of cognition impairment. Results A total of 6783 participants (51.3% female) completed the olfaction test and the VF test and TMT. A subgroup of 2227 participants (46.9% female) also completed the WLL and WLR tests. Based on age-, sex-, and education-specific norms from CERAD, the following numbers of participants were considered cognitively impaired: VF 759 (11.2%), WLL 242 (10.9%), WLR: 132 (5.9%), TMT-A 415 (6.1%), and TMT-B/A ratio 677 (10.0%). On average, score values for VF were higher by 0.42 points (p < 0.001), for WLL higher by 0.32 points (p = 0.001), for WLR higher by 0.31 points (p = 0.002), for TMT-A lower by 0.25 points (p < 0.001), and for TMT-B/A ratio lower by 0.01 points (p < 0.001) per number of correctly identified odors. ROC analysis revealed area under the curve values from 0.55 to 0.62 for the five cognitive tests. Conclusions Better olfactory performance was associated with better cognitive performance in all five tests in adults — adjusted for age, sex, education, and the presence of depressive symptoms. However, the ability of the smell test to discriminate between individuals with and without cognitive impairment was limited. The value of olfactory testing in early screening for cognitive impairment should be investigated in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04109, Leipzig, Germany. .,LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economic and Social Sciences and Institute of Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Healthcare Research (ISRV), University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Lleó A, Alcolea D, Martínez-Lage P, Scheltens P, Parnetti L, Poirier J, Simonsen AH, Verbeek MM, Rosa-Neto P, Slot RER, Tainta M, Izaguirre A, Reijs BLR, Farotti L, Tsolaki M, Vandenbergue R, Freund-Levi Y, Verhey FRJ, Clarimón J, Fortea J, Frolich L, Santana I, Molinuevo JL, Lehmann S, Visser PJ, Teunissen CE, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker trajectories along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in the BIOMARKAPD study. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:742-753. [PMID: 30967340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Within-person trajectories of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well defined. METHODS We included 467 subjects from the BIOMARKAPD study with at least two serial CSF samples. Diagnoses were subjective cognitive decline (n = 75), mild cognitive impairment (n = 128), and AD dementia (n = 110), and a group of cognitively unimpaired subjects (n = 154) were also included. We measured baseline and follow-up CSF levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), YKL-40, and neurofilament light (NfL). Median CSF sampling interval was 2.1 years. RESULTS CSF levels of t-tau, p-tau, NfL, and YKL-40 were 2% higher per each year of baseline age in controls (P <.001). In AD, t-tau levels were 1% lower (P <.001) and p-tau levels did not change per each year of baseline age. Longitudinally, only NfL (P <.001) and YKL-40 (P <.02) increased during the study period. DISCUSSION All four CSF biomarkers increase with age, but this effect deviates in AD for t-tau and p-tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Fundación CITA-alzheimer Fundazioa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Section of Neurology, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Judes Poirier
- Centre for the Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anja H Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Centre for the Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rosalinde E R Slot
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Fundación CITA-alzheimer Fundazioa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrea Izaguirre
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Fundación CITA-alzheimer Fundazioa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Babette L R Reijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Section of Neurology, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece; Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rik Vandenbergue
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge and Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centre of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lutz Frolich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Santana
- Dementia Clinic, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Pieter J Visser
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Bos I, Vos S, Verhey F, Scheltens P, Teunissen C, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Frisoni G, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Tsolaki M, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Lleó A, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Vandenberghe R, Westwood S, Dobricic V, Barkhof F, Legido-Quigley C, Bertram L, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Visser PJ. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic integrity, and astroglial activation across the clinical Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:644-654. [PMID: 30853464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated relations between amyloid-β (Aβ) status, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and cognition, with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, and total tau (T-tau). METHODS We included 770 individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia from the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study. We tested the association of Ng, NFL, YKL-40, and T-tau with Aβ status (Aβ- vs. Aβ+), clinical diagnosis APOE ε4 carriership, baseline cognition, and change in cognition. RESULTS Ng and T-tau distinguished between Aβ+ from Aβ- individuals in each clinical group, whereas NFL and YKL-40 were associated with Aβ+ in nondemented individuals only. APOE ε4 carriership did not influence NFL, Ng, and YKL-40 in Aβ+ individuals. NFL was the best predictor of cognitive decline in Aβ+ individuals across the cognitive spectrum. DISCUSSION Axonal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, astroglial activation, and altered tau metabolism are involved already in preclinical AD. NFL may be a useful prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Verhey
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Peyratout
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry Norrtälje Hospital Tiohundra, Norrtäije, Sweden
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Early Clinial Neurology, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1488-1497. [PMID: 30551400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds with numerous effects on behaviour and cognition. These effects vary from learning and memory enhancement to an improvement of general cognition. Furthermore, flavonoids have been implicated in a) neuronal proliferation and survival, by acting on a variety of cellular signalling cascades, including the ERK/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathway, b) oxidative stress reduction and c) relief from Alzheimer's disease-type symptoms. From an electrophysiological aspect, they promote long term potentiation in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis of synaptic plasticity mediation. Together, these actions reveal a neuroprotective effect of flavonoid compounds in the brain. Therefore, flavonoid intake could be a potential clinical direction for prevention and/or attenuation of cognitive decline deterioration which accompanies various brain disorders. The purpose of the current review paper was to summarise all these effects on cognition, describe the possible pathways via which they may act on a cellular level and provide a better picture for future research towards this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
| | - Afrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
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He R, Yan X, Guo J, Xu Q, Tang B, Sun Q. Recent Advances in Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:305. [PMID: 30364199 PMCID: PMC6193101 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common progressive neurodegenerative disorders with several motor and non-motor symptoms. Most of the motor symptoms may appear at a late stage where most of the dopaminergic neurons have been already damaged. In order to provide better clinical intervention and treatment at the onset of disease, it is imperative to find accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis, including prodromal diagnosis and preclinical diagnosis. At the same time, these reliable biomarkers can also be utilized to monitor the progress of the disease. In this review article, we will discuss recent advances in the development of PD biomarkers from different aspects, including clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic aspects. Although various biomarkers for PD have been developed so far, their specificity and sensitivity are not ideal when applied individually. So, the combination of multimodal biomarkers will greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy and facilitate the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
Background Risk factors for cognitive decline might depend on chronological age. The aim of the study was to explore the age dependency of risk factors for cognitive decline in cognitively healthy subjects aged 55–85 years at baseline. Methods We included 2527 cognitively healthy subjects from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 3.2–19.0) years. The association of genetic and cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms, inflammation markers and lifestyle risk factors with decline in MMSE and memory function was tested using spline regression analyses. Results Subjects were on average 70.1 (SD 8.8) years old at baseline. Based on a spline regression model, we divided our sample in three age groups: ≤70 years (young-old), > 70–80 years (old) and > 80 years (oldest-old). The association of LDL cholesterol, homocysteine, hypertension, history of stroke, depressive symptoms, interleukin-6, a1-antichymotrypsin, alcohol use and smoking with cognitive decline significantly differed between the age groups. In general, the presence of these risk factors was associated with less cognitive decline in the oldest-old group compared to the young-old and old group. Conclusions The negative effect of various risk factors on cognitive decline decreases with higher age. A combination of epidemiological factors, such as the selection towards healthier subjects during follow-up, but also risk factor specific features, for example ensuring the cerebral blood flow in case of hypertension, explain this diminished association at higher age. It is important to take these age differences into account when applying preventive strategies to avert cognitive decline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0876-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Appetite, Metabolism and Hormonal Regulation in Normal Ageing and Dementia. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030066. [PMID: 30036957 PMCID: PMC6164971 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and nutrition follow the growth trajectory of the course of life. The profound physiological changes that human body experiences during ageing affect separate aspects of food intake, from tastant perception to satiety. Concurrent morbidities, such as neurodegeneration, as seen in dementia, and metabolic syndrome, may further shape nutritional behaviours, status and adequacy. In an effort to fill the gap between the exhausting basic research and the actual needs of professionals caring for the exponentially expanding ageing population, the current review addresses major factors relevant to appetite and eating disturbances. Does age alter the perception of food modalities? Is food generally still perceived as alluring and delicious with age? Is there an interplay between ageing, cognitive decline, and malnutrition? What tools can we adopt for proper and timely monitoring? Finally, what anatomical and pathophysiological evidence exists to support a hypothesis of central regulation of metabolic perturbations in normal and accelerated cognitive impairment, and how can we benefit from it in health practice?
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Bos I, Vos S, Vandenberghe R, Scheltens P, Engelborghs S, Frisoni G, Molinuevo JL, Wallin A, Lleó A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Baird A, Dobson R, Legido-Quigley C, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Bertram L, ten Kate M, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Visser PJ. The EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study: design, methods and cohort characteristics. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:64. [PMID: 29980228 PMCID: PMC6035398 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for novel, noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the predementia stages and to predict the rate of decline. Therefore, we set up the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) study. In this report we describe the design of the study, the methods used and the characteristics of the participants. METHODS Participants were selected from existing prospective multicenter and single-center European studies. Inclusion criteria were having normal cognition (NC) or a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD-type dementia at baseline, age above 50 years, known amyloid-beta (Aβ) status, availability of cognitive test results and at least two of the following materials: plasma, DNA, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Targeted and untargeted metabolomic and proteomic analyses were performed in plasma, and targeted and untargeted proteomics were performed in CSF. Genome-wide SNP genotyping, next-generation sequencing and methylation profiling were conducted in DNA. Visual rating and volumetric measures were assessed on MRI. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using ANOVA or chi-square, rate of decline analyzed by linear mixed modeling. RESULTS We included 1221 individuals (NC n = 492, MCI n = 527, AD-type dementia n = 202) with a mean age of 67.9 (SD 8.3) years. The percentage Aβ+ was 26% in the NC, 58% in the MCI, and 87% in the AD-type dementia groups. Plasma samples were available for 1189 (97%) subjects, DNA samples for 929 (76%) subjects, MRI scans for 862 (71%) subjects and CSF samples for 767 (63%) subjects. For 759 (62%) individuals, clinical follow-up data were available. In each diagnostic group, the APOE ε4 allele was more frequent amongst Aβ+ individuals (p < 0.001). Only in MCI was there a difference in baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score between the A groups (p < 0.001). Aβ+ had a faster rate of decline on the MMSE during follow-up in the NC (p < 0.001) and MCI (p < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of this large cohort of elderly subjects at various cognitive stages confirm the central roles of Aβ and APOE ε4 in AD pathogenesis. The results of the multimodal analyses will provide new insights into underlying mechanisms and facilitate the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic AD biomarkers. All researchers can apply for access to the EMIF-AD MBD data by submitting a research proposal via the EMIF-AD Catalog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Box 34, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic—IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Moelndal, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA—Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Richard Dobson
- King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB—Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB—Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mara ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Experimental Medicine, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bos I, Vos SJB, Jansen WJ, Vandenberghe R, Gabel S, Estanga A, Ecay-Torres M, Tomassen J, den Braber A, Lleó A, Sala I, Wallin A, Kettunen P, Molinuevo JL, Rami L, Chetelat G, de la Sayette V, Tsolaki M, Freund-Levi Y, Johannsen P, Novak GP, Ramakers I, Verhey FR, Visser PJ. Amyloid-β, Tau, and Cognition in Cognitively Normal Older Individuals: Examining the Necessity to Adjust for Biomarker Status in Normative Data. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:193. [PMID: 29988624 PMCID: PMC6027060 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau affected cognition in cognitively normal (CN) individuals, and whether norms for neuropsychological tests based on biomarker-negative individuals would improve early detection of dementia. We included 907 CN individuals from 8 European cohorts and from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative. All individuals were aged above 40, had Aβ status and neuropsychological data available. Linear mixed models were used to assess the associations of Aβ and tau with five neuropsychological tests assessing memory (immediate and delayed recall of Auditory Verbal Learning Test, AVLT), verbal fluency (Verbal Fluency Test, VFT), attention and executive functioning (Trail Making Test, TMT, part A and B). All test except the VFT were associated with Aβ status and this influence was augmented by age. We found no influence of tau on any of the cognitive tests. For the AVLT Immediate and Delayed recall and the TMT part A and B, we calculated norms in individuals without Aβ pathology (Aβ- norms), which we validated in an independent memory-clinic cohort by comparing their predictive accuracy to published norms. For memory tests, the Aβ- norms rightfully identified an additional group of individuals at risk of dementia. For non-memory test we found no difference. We confirmed the relationship between Aβ and cognition in cognitively normal individuals. The Aβ- norms for memory tests in combination with published norms improve prognostic accuracy of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- University Hospital Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ainara Estanga
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mirian Ecay-Torres
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - José L Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hopsital Clínic Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hopsital Clínic Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Chetelat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1077, Université de Caen Normandie Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry Norrtälje Hospital Tiohundra, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gerald P Novak
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frans R Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Silva MDME, Mercer PBS, Witt MCZ, Pessoa RR. Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dement Neuropsychol 2018; 12:123-132. [PMID: 29988355 PMCID: PMC6022986 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, is one of the most prevalent kinds of dementia, whose frequency doubles for every 5 years of age in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata Ramina Pessoa
- MD. Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Filial do Paraná. Neurology Department. Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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