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Liang S, Meng J, Tang Z, Xie X, Tian M, Ma X, Yang X, Xiao D, Wang S. Licorice Extract Supplementation Benefits Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry and Hormones, Immune Antioxidant Status, Hindgut Fecal Microbial Community, and Metabolism in Beef Cattle. Vet Sci 2024; 11:356. [PMID: 39195810 PMCID: PMC11359752 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of licorice extract (LE) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum index (biochemistry, hormones, humoral immunity, and antioxidant function), hindgut fecal microbiota, and metabolism in beef cattle. In total, 12 male yellow cattle aged 12 months were divided into two groups (6 cattle per group): the basal diet (CK group) and the basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg LE (CHM group). The entire experimental phase lasted for 120 days, including a 30-day pre-feeding period. Compared to the CK group, the average daily gain, crude fiber, calcium, and crude protein nutrient digestibility were greater on d 30 than d 60 (p < 0.05) and the feed meat ratio was lower for LE addition (p < 0.01). In terms of serum indexes, the insulin and nitric oxide contents were enhanced on d 30, the alkaline phosphatase level was improved on d 60, and the levels of albumin, immunoglobulin A, and catalase were increased on d 90 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the cholesterol content was lower on d 60 for LE addition compared with the CK group (p < 0.05). The higher enrichment of [Eubacterium]-oxidoreducens-group, p-2534-18b5-gut-group, and Ileibacterium were observed in the CHM group (p < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Gallibacterium and Breznakia in the CHM group were lower compared with the CK group (p < 0.05). In addition, the differential metabolites related to healthy growth in the CHM group were increased compared with the CK group. And there was a close correlation between hindgut microbiota and metabolic differentials. In general, LE has a promoting effect on the growth performance and health status of beef cattle over a period (30 to 60 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunzhen Liang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jinzhu Meng
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zining Tang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinxin Xie
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaowan Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuilian Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.L.); (J.M.); (Z.T.); (X.X.); (M.T.); (X.M.); (X.Y.)
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G. Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13885. [PMID: 38221671 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri-industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger-fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one-day-old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn-soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Zhou X, Zhang H, Li S, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yang C, Chen X, Jiang L. Effects of different levels of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical, and intestinal health of cyan-shank partridge birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20130. [PMID: 37978234 PMCID: PMC10656579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds (P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed (P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds (P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicheng Deng
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Yang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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Fu Z, Ao N, Liang X, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Fu J, Liu C, Lu L. Effects of fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of lion-head goslings. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1284523. [PMID: 38026622 PMCID: PMC10652402 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1284523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fermented feed on growth performance, antioxidant indexes and intestinal health in lion-head goslings. Methods 288 male lion-head goslings (one-day-old) were randomly divided into four groups (6 replicates per group, 12 samples per replicate): control group (basal diet) and fermented feed (FF) groups (basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% FF, respectively). The experimental period lasted 28 days. Results The results showed that 5.0 and 7.5% FF groups decreased feed conversion rate (FCR) when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The 5.0% FF group reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum; while the 7.5% FF group decreased the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), ALP and LDH activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the 7.5% FF group significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum (p < 0.05); 2.5% and 5.0% FF groups significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum (p < 0.05); all FF groups increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum (p < 0.05). For intestinal health, the villous height and villi/crypt ratio in jejunum were increased in all FF groups, but crypt depth was decreased (p < 0.05); The 5.0% FF groups enhanced T-AOC activity in jejunum (p < 0.05); The 2.5% and 5.0% FF groups enhanced GSH-Px activity (p < 0.05) in jejunum; All FF groups reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level in jejunum (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the cecum microbiota was significantly dominant in the 2.5% FF group compared to the control group including Firmicutes, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella; the flora that were significantly dominant in the 5.0% FF group compared to the control group included Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Prevotella; and the groups that were significantly dominant in the 7.5% FF group compared to the control group included Bacteroidota, Bacteroides, Bacteroidaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Discussion In summary, dietary FF supplementation improved growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity of lion-head goslings, as well as improved jejunal tissue morphology and optimized intestinal flora structure. In particular, the FF addition at a dose of 7.5% was relatively more effective for lion- head goslings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoen Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunpeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ibrahim D, El-sayed HI, Mahmoud ER, El-Rahman GIA, Bazeed SM, Abdelwarith AA, Elgamal A, Khalil SS, Younis EM, Kishawy ATY, Davies SJ, Metwally AE. Impacts of Solid-State Fermented Barley with Fibrolytic Exogenous Enzymes on Feed Utilization, and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:594. [PMID: 37888546 PMCID: PMC10611247 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present and future high demand of common cereals as corn and wheat encourage the development of feed processing technology that allows for the dietary inclusion of other cereals of low nutritional value in poultry feeding. Barley grains contain anti-nutritional factors that limit their dietary inclusion in the poultry industry. The treatment of barley with solid-state fermentation and exogenous enzymes (FBEs) provides a good alternative to common cereals. In this study, barley grains were subjected to solid-state microbial fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. This study aimed to assess the impact of FBEs on growth, feed utilization efficiency, immune modulation, antioxidant status and the expression of intestinal barrier and nutrient transporter-related genes. One-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, n = 400) comprised four representative groups with ten replicates (10 chicks/replicate) and were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets with inclusions of FBEs at 0, 5, 10 and 15% for 38 days. Solid-state fermentation of barley grains with fibrolytic enzymes increased protein content, lowered crude fiber and reduced sugars compared to non-fermented barley gains. In consequence, the group fed FBEs10% had the superior feed utilization efficiency and body weight gain (increased by 4.7%) with higher levels of nutrient metabolizability, pancreatic digestive enzyme activities and low digesta viscosity. Notably, the group fed FBEs10% showed an increased villi height and a decreased crypt depth with a remarkable hyperactivity of duodenal glands. In addition, higher inclusion levels of FBEs boosted serum immune-related parameters and intestinal and breast muscle antioxidants status. Intestinal nutrient transporters encoding genes (GLUT-1, CAAT-1, LAT1 and PepT-1) and intestinal barriers encoding genes (MUC-2, JAM-2, occludin, claudins-1 and β-defensin 1) were upregulated with higher dietary FBEs levels. In conclusion, feeding on FBEs10% positively enhanced broiler chickens' performance, feed efficiency and antioxidant status, and boosted intestinal barrier nutrient transporters encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hassainen I. El-sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Elsabbagh R. Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Shefaa M. Bazeed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Aya Elgamal
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Samah S. Khalil
- Department of biochemistry, drug information center, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 V8Y1 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Abdallah E. Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Zengin M, Sur A, İlhan Z, Azman MA, Tavşanlı H, Esen S, Bacaksız OK, Demir E. Effects of fermented distillers grains with solubles, partially replaced with soybean meal, on performance, blood parameters, meat quality, intestinal flora, and immune response in broiler. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:58-64. [PMID: 35803008 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to examine the effects of fermented distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) partially replaced with soybean meal on growth performance, some blood parameters, meat quality, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broilers. A total of 504 chicks were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 3 replicates. All chicks were fed with one of the following formulated diets i) basal diet based on the maize-soybean meal (C), ii) partially replaced with non-fermented DDGS (NC), iii) partially replaced fermented DDGS with B. subtilis (BS), iv) partially replaced with BS + multienzyme (BSE), v) partially replaced fermented DDGS with S. cerevisiae (SC), vi) partially replaced with SC + multienzyme (SCE). Results showed no significant difference between groups for body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), and feed intake (FI) (P > 0.05). However, feed conversion ratios (FCR) of BS, BSE, and SCE groups were significantly lower than the C and NC groups (P < 0.001). Albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01), Total antioxidant status, aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and uric acid (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by treatments. The meat color of the SC and SCE groups was darker after 24 h compared to the C group (P < 0.01). The highest LAB counts of ileal and cecum were observed in the BSE and SCE groups (P < 0.001). These results suggest that partial replacement of soybean meal with fermented DDGS had a positive effect on FCR without affecting DWG and FI, and combining fermented DDGS with multienzymes decreased FCR and improved immune and gut health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Zengin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Sur
- Department of Veterinary, Vocational School of Kepsut, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ziya İlhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Azman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tavşanlı
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Selim Esen
- Balikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Koray Bacaksız
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ergün Demir
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Guo W, Xu LN, Guo XJ, Wang W, Hao QH, Wang SY, Zhu BC. The impacts of fermented feed on laying performance, egg quality, immune function, intestinal morphology and microbiota of laying hens in the late laying cycle. Animal 2022; 16:100676. [PMID: 36442324 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented feed has the potential to improve poultry gastrointestinal microecological environment, health condition and production performance. Thus, the present study was undertaken to explore the effects of fermented feed on the laying performance, egg quality, immune function, intestinal morphology and microbiota of laying hens in the late laying cycle. A total of 360 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 80 weeks were used to conduct a 56-day study. All hens were randomly separated into two treatment groups, with five replicates of 36 hens each as follows: basal diet containing 0.0% fermented feed (CON) and 20% fermented feed (FF). Subsequent analyses revealed that fermented feed supplementation was associated with significant increases in laying rates together with reduced broken egg rates and feed conversion ratio for hens in FF group (P < 0.05). There were additionally significant increases in both albumen height and Haugh unit values in hens following fermented feed supplementation (P < 0.05). Fermented feed was also associated with increases in duodenal, jejunal and ileac villus height (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed fermented feed had higher immune globulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM levels (P < 0.01,) and higher interleukin 2, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ (P < 0.05) concentrations than CON. Analysis of the microbiota in these laying hens revealed the alpha diversity was not significantly affected by fermented feed supplementation. Firmicutes abundance was reduced in caecal samples from FF hens relative to those from CON hens (30.61 vs 35.12%, P < 0.05). At the genus level, fermented feed was associated with improvements in relative Lactobacillus, Megasphaera and Peptococcus abundance and decreased Campylobacter abundance in laying hens. These results suggest that fermented feed supplementation may be beneficial to the laying performance, egg quality, immunological function, intestinal villus growth and caecal microecological environment of laying hens at the end of the laying cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China; Hebei Province Feed Microorganism Technology Innovation Center, No. 2596 Lekai Street, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, No 199 Guangming South Street, 056000 Handan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Qing-Hong Hao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shi-Ying Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, 071000 Baoding, China
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Nan S, Yao M, Zhang X, Wang H, Li J, Niu J, Chen C, Zhang W, Nie C. Fermented grape seed meal promotes broiler growth and reduces abdominal fat deposition through intestinal microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994033. [PMID: 36299718 PMCID: PMC9589342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of grape seed meal, a non-conventional feed resource, improves its conventional nutritional composition, promotes the growth and development of livestock and fat metabolism by influencing the structure and diversity of intestinal bacteria. In this study, the nutritional components of Fermented grape seed meal (FGSM) and their effects on the growth performance, carcass quality, serum biochemistry, and intestinal bacteria of yellow feather broilers were investigated. A total of 240 male 14-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly selected and divided into four groups, with three replicates of 20 chickens each. Animals were fed diets containing 0% (Group I), 2% (Group II), 4% (Group III), or 6% (Group IV) FGSM until they were 56 days old. The results showed that Acid soluble protein (ASP) and Crude protein (CP) contents increased, Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents decreased, and free amino acid content increased in the FGSM group. The non-targeted metabolome identified 29 differential metabolites in FGSM, including organic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monosaccharides. During the entire trial period, Average daily gain (ADG) increased and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in response to dietary FGSM supplementation (p < 0.05). TP content in the serum increased and BUN content decreased in groups III and IV (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the serum TG content in group III and the abdominal fat rate in group IV were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that FGSM could significantly increase the Shannon and Simpson indices of broilers (35 days). Reducing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.05). By day 56, butyric acid content increased in the cecal samples from Group III (p < 0.05). In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between broiler growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, SCFAs, and gut microbes. In summary, the addition of appropriate levels of FGSM to rations improved broiler growth performance and reduced fat deposition by regulating gut microbes through differential metabolites and affecting the microbiota structure and SCFA content of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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9
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Effects of dietary inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge leaves on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, digestive function and gut microbial flora of rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Wang Y, Mao Y, Hu A, Xu T, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhou G, Guo X, Cao H, Yang F. The beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine on antioxidative status and inflammatory cytokines expression in the liver of piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:937745. [PMID: 36213414 PMCID: PMC9539681 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation seriously affected the growth and development of piglets. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions has been used to prevent various diseases of piglets, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Here, we identified the effects of Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang (XJZT) and Jingsananli-sepsis (JJS) on the oxidative stress and inflammatory in the liver of piglets. The piglets were fed with the basal diet (Control group), basal diet affixed with 10 g/kg XJZT (TCM I group), and basal diet affixed with 3 g/kg JJS (TCM II group), respectively. The serum was gathered on days 30 and 60 and the liver samples were also collected on day 60. Results showed that the TCM I and TCM II markedly increased the activities of the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and reduced the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in serum. In addition, compared to the control group, Nrf2, SOD-1, NQO-1, and HO-1 mRNA expression levels and the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased while NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκB-α were decreased in TCM I and TCM II groups. Collectively, these findings suggested that TCM I and TCM II could enhance anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities in the liver of piglets via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway, providing a basis for the functional exploration of TCM prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqin Mao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, MOA Center for Veterinary Drug Evaluation, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Hu
- Jian City Livestock and Veterinary Bureau, Ji'an, China
| | - Tianfang Xu
- Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Feibing Wang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinxi County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Animal Epidemic Prevention and Quarantine Unit, Fengcheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Fengcheng, China
| | - Xiaowang Guo
- Yichun Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yichun, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang
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11
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Kim KC, Han MH, Pak MN, Sin JI, Ri KC, Pak SS, Ri JH, Pak CJ, Won KY. Effect of dietary Pinus densiflora bark extract on nutrient utilization and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Herbal Plants Application in Organic Poultry Nutrition and Production. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants and natural feed additives are the most important alternatives in animal production, especially broiler production, due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics, their cost-effectiveness and harmful residual effects.
Objective:
In this mini-review article, some important medicinal herbs and plants with positive effects on organic broiler production have been highlighted.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, Springer, Medline and PubMed.
Results:
Medicinal plants such as ginger, ginkgo, thyme, ponderosa pine, soybean, forsythia, peppermint, Chinese star anise, astragalus, mistletoe, schisandra, cumin, capsicum, garlic, hooker chives, artichoke, Borreria latifolia, zataria, pomegranate, turmeric, lingzhi, Lippia javanica, neem, oriental chaff flower, mulberry leaf, goji berry, Aloe vera, pumpkin, grape, common nettle, marigold, coriandrum, Citrus sinensis, Alisma canaliculatum, Persian hogweed, Eucommiaulmoides, bamboo leaf extract, rosemary, Morina citrifolia, chestnut, green tea, wild mint, clove, sumac, satureja, ashwagandha, Lonicera japonica, Acacia, liquorice, Artemisia annua, milk thistle, cinnamon, black cumin and etc. have positive effects on organic broiler production.
Conclusion:
Herbal medicines lead to increased body weight due to a higher feed intake and a higher feed conversion ratio, and improve antioxidant activity of broiler chickens based on their phenolic compound contents. The combination of medicinal herbal additives also has a positive impact on broiler production. In organic broiler production with the usage of herbal plants, reducing hormones, growth promoters and antibiotics should be organized as well as considering appropriate organic feed management and higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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13
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Gao J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai W. Effects of novel microecologics combined with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics on growth performance and health of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101412. [PMID: 34920387 PMCID: PMC8683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a kind of novel microecologics, namely Chinese medicine-probiotic compound microecological preparation (CPCMP), which is composed of 5 traditional Chinese medicine herbs (Galla Chinensis, Andrographis paniculata, Arctii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia) fermented by Aspergillus niger and a kind of compound probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum A37 and L. plantarum MIII). The effects of the CPCMP in broilers on growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 450 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 5 replicates, 15 birds per replicate. Treatments consisted of: blank control, CPCMP, positive control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics groups, which were birds fed with basal diet supplemented with no extra additives, 0.2% CPCMP, 0.0035% chlortetracycline, 0.2% commercially available CPCMP, 0.2% fermented traditional Chinese medicines, and 0.2% compound probiotics, respectively. CPCMP obviously increased the average body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05, compared with any other group) and decreased the feed:gain ratio of broilers (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Moreover, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A levels and spleen/bursa indices (P < 0.05 for all, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Villus heights in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also elevated by CPCMP treatment (P < 0.05, compared with any other group). Furthermore, CPCMP substantially increased jejunal mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, positive control, or probiotics group) and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as Olsenella, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus. Overall results show that the CPCMP prepared in our work contributes to improving growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers and exerts synergistic effects of traditional Chinese medicines and probiotics to some extent. Our findings suggest that CPCMP is a promising antibiotic substitute in the livestock and poultry industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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14
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Li J, Tao L, Zhang R, Yang G. Effects of fermented feed on growth performance, nutrient metabolism and cecal microflora of broilers. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:596-604. [PMID: 34727643 PMCID: PMC8902206 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of enzyme-bacteria co fermentated feed on broilers, the basal diet was pretreated by microbial enzyme co fermentation, and then different proportions of basal diet were replaced to study its effects on growth performance, nutrient metabolism and cecal microflora of broilers. Methods Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups. The control group was fed with basal diet, and groups 1 to 4 were treated with fermented feed at 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the basal diet, and group 5 was treated with fermented wet feed instead of 10% of the basal diet, named BF, 10% DFF, 15% DFF, 20% DFF, 25% DFF, and 10% WFF, respectively. The trial period was 42 days. Results The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of 10%DFF, 15%DFF and 10%WFF groups were significantly higher than those of the control group at 22-42 days and 1-42 days (P<0.05). Except for 10%DFF group, Firmicutes of all treatment were higher than that of control group. The Bacteroides of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (P>0.05). At the same time, the nutrient apparent metabolic rate and cecal microbial abundance of each treatment group had an increasing trend (P>0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the feed fermented by enzyme and bacteria had a potential promoting effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110866, China
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15
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Wu Z, Chen J, Ahmed Pirzado S, Haile TH, Cai H, Liu G. The effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal on the growth performance, immune status and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:296-307. [PMID: 34160113 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal (FRCM and RRSM) on the growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical indexes, immune status and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 420-day-old Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly assigned to a 1 + 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with one basal diet group, two rapeseed meal (RSM) varieties (FRCM and RRSM) and three addition levels (5%, 10% and 15%) for a duration of 42 days. FRSM significantly increased the ADG and ADFI of broilers during the 22-42 days and 1-42 days (p < 0.05) growth periods compared with RRSM groups. No significant difference was observed in ADG and ADFI between broilers fed FRSM in different dietary levels and control diets (p > 0.05), but broilers fed diet with 15% RRSM showed significantly lower ADG, ADFI and spleen index (p < 0.05). Both FRSM and RRSM in different dietary levels affected the anti-oxidation function of broilers, including a significant increase in the serum contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Fermentation tends to increase the villus height of duodenum (p = 0.09), and significantly increased the villus height and V/C ratio of duodenum (p < 0.05) in birds. The duodenum villus height was the highest in the 5% FRSM group and lowest in birds of 5% RRSM group. A 10% level significantly increased the duodenal V/C ratio in both FRSM and RRSM birds. The results indicated that FRSM could be used to supplemented in broilers diet to improve the production performance and maintain good health. FRSM can be added to broilers diet at 10% without adverse effect on growth performance or immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Tesfay Hagos Haile
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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16
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Pine Needle Extract on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Serum Lipid Parameters in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051475. [PMID: 34065559 PMCID: PMC8161186 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the supplemental effects of fermented pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extract (FPNE) in laying hen diets on productive performance, egg quality, and serum lipid metabolites. A total of 108 40-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet + 0 mL FPNE/kg diet (CON), (2) basal diet + 2.5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T1), or (3) basal diet + 5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T2) for 6 weeks. Each group consisted of four replicates of nine hens each. Feed and water provided ad libitum. Results showed that dietary supplementation of FPNE increased egg production percentage (linear, p < 0.01 and quadratic, p < 0.05), egg mass (linear, p < 0.05), and feed intake (linear, p < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. In addition, dietary inclusion of FPNE significantly increased the eggshell color (linear, p < 0.01), egg yolk color (quadratic, p < 0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (linear, p < 0.05 and quadratic, p < 0.05) while the Haugh unit decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05). However, serum lipid profile did not differ among the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Notably, antioxidant activity of egg yolk was improved by significantly decreasing the malondialdehyde content in egg yolks after 6 weeks of storage (linear, p < 0.001 and quadratic, p < 0.05). In summary, dietary inclusion of FPNE could improve laying performance and the antioxidant capacity of eggs.
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17
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G, Coskun I. Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:137-152. [PMID: 33752536 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1894065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw (PP) and fermented pomegranate pomace (FP) on performance, antioxidant activity, caecal microbiota and ileal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 175 male broiler chicks were allocated to five treatment groups with five replicates and seven birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments included a soy-corn based diet (control), diets supplemented with PP at 5 (5PP) and 10 g/kg (10PP), and diets supplemented with FP at 5 (5FP) and 10 g/kg (10FP). Dietary PP and FP did not change the body weight and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, dietary PP and FP did not alter the serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels but decreased malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) in breast meat. Caecal Clostridium perfringens count was decreased in broiler chickens of groups 10PP, 5FP and 10FP (p < 0.05). However, PP and FP had detrimental effects on the ileum morphology of broiler chicks. The villus height was decreased in the 10PP, 5FP and 10FP groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Crypt depth was higher in the 5PP and 10FP groups than control and 10PP groups (p < 0.01). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was also decreased in 5PP, 5FP, and 10FP groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest that PP and FP have the potential to be used in broiler diets as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. However, detailed studies should be conducted to investigate the underlying reasons for the detrimental effects on ileal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Isa Coskun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
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18
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Effect of raw and fermented grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Animal 2021; 15:100194. [PMID: 33640294 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed (GS) is a by-product of the fruit juice and wine industry with the potential to be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants due to its antioxidant activity. Agro-industrial residues can be converted to more effective products by solid-state fermentation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of GS and fermented grape seed (FGS) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 128 female broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates of eight birds. Throughout the 42-day feeding period, the birds were fed with soybean-corn based diet (CON), 0.15 g/kg synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole) supplemented diet (AO), 5 g/kg GS supplemented diet (GS), and 5 g/kg FGS supplemented diet (FGS). Dietary GS, FGS, and AO supplementation increased the BW (P < 0.05) and average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) compared with the CON group in the overall period of 42 days. Dietary FGS also increased the ADG (P < 0.05) in the period of 22-42 days compared with the control group. The pH of the breast meat of the chickens fed GS was higher (P < 0.01) than CON and FGS groups. Dietary FGS and AO decreased the b* value (P < 0.01) of breast meat compared with the CON group. Grape seed had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and catalase (CAT, P < 0.01) levels among the treatment groups. The FGS also increased serum CAT level (P < 0.01) compared with the AO group. Moreover, dietary FGS supplementation increased Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the cecum compared with the other treatment groups and decreased Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05) compared with the CON and AO groups. The present findings indicate that GS and FGS can be used in broiler diets as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G. Effect of Raw and Fermented Grape Pomace on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Bacterial Species in Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020364. [PMID: 33535655 PMCID: PMC7912799 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of raw (GP) and fermented grape pomace (FGP) on the growth performance, some carcass parameters, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and selected bacterial species in broiler chicken were investigated in this study. Grape pomace was fermented with Aspergillus niger for 7 d. In total, 140 one-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with five replicates and seven birds each. Chickens were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidants (5% butylated hydroxytoluene, 1% butylated hydroxyanisole, and 11% ethoxyquin) (AO), or 15 g/kg GP (GP), or 15 g/kg FGP (FGP) for 42 d. Dietary GP raised serum glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.031) and superoxide dismutase (p = 0.021) levels, increased ileum lamina muscularis thickness (p = 0.016), and did not affect selected bacterial species in the cecum of broiler chickens. Dietary FGP improved body weight (p = 0.003), increased the serum catalase level (p = 0.032), and decreased the cecal Clostridium perfringens count (p = 0.033) but did not affect the ileal morphology of broiler chickens. The carcass parameters, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of the breast meat of chickens were not changed by either GP or FGP supplementation. Chickens fed with the synthetic antioxidants had similar growth performance with the chickens fed with FGP but had better body weight (p = 0.003) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.045) compared with the chickens fed with GP. The obtained results showed that FGP can be used as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-362-3121919 (ext. 1401); Fax: +90-362-4576034
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20
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Xie M, Wang R, Wang Y, Liu N, Qi J. Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Chenopodium album L. on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity, carcase characteristics and meat quality of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1996289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xie
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, China
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21
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Moon SG, Lee SK, Lee WD, Niu KM, Hwang WU, Oh JS, Kothari D, Kim SK. Effect of dietary supplementation of a phytogenic blend containing Schisandra chinensis, Pinus densiflora, and Allium tuberosum on productivity, egg quality, and health parameters in laying hens. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:285-294. [PMID: 33171027 PMCID: PMC7876724 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effect of a phytogenic blend (SPA: a mixture containing fermented Schisandra chinensis pomace, fermented Pinus densiflora needle extract, and Allium tuberosum powder in the ratio of 2:2:1) on egg production, egg quality, blood constituents, and visceral organs in laying hens. Methods A total of 135 Hy-line brown laying hens (48-wk-old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 9 hens. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (no exogenous SPA addition) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet containing SPA at the level of 0.1% and 0.3% for 6 weeks. Results The feed intake was significantly improved in SPA supplemented groups as compared with the control (p<0.05). However, egg production, daily egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not different among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). For egg quality traits, only Haugh unit (HU) was significantly improved in SPA (0.3%) (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. However, HU was not affected during 4-wk of storage at 18°C among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Furthermore, SPA supplementation did not affect the blood biochemical constituents except for the phosphate content, which was significantly higher in SPA groups than the CON group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in visceral organ characteristics and immune indicators (immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgG, and IgM) in SPA or CON groups. Conclusion This study suggested that the supplementation of SPA may have beneficial effects on feed intake and egg quality in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gyu Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwang Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woo-Do Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kai-Min Niu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Won-Uk Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Oh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Damini Kothari
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Zhu F, Zhang B, Li J, Zhu L. Effects of fermented feed on growth performance, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in laying hen chicks and the underlying molecular mechanism involving nuclear factor-κB. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2573-2580. [PMID: 32359593 PMCID: PMC7597451 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fermented-feed diets on growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant responses in laying hen chicks and the underlying molecular mechanism, specifically, the role of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. A total of 80 healthy 14-day-old laying hen chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments: basal diet (CON); basal diet supplemented with 7.5% fermented feed (FD); FD diet plus the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (FD + BAY); and FD diet plus the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (FD + JSH). The NF-κB inhibitors were administered by intraperitoneal injection. The experiment lasted 21 D. Fermented feed supplementation significantly increased the body weight and average body weight gain of laying hen chicks but significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio. Additionally, fermented feed supplementation significantly increased mitogen-activated T-cell and B-cell proliferation in the peripheral blood, as well as elevated the serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); however, NF-κB inhibition significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, and Newcastle disease virus antibody in the serum were significantly increased by the addition of fermented feed. Furthermore, fermented feed supplementation significantly improved antioxidant function, as indicated by the increases of total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity and the decrease of malonaldehyde level. However, NF-κB inhibition reversed these changes. Western blot analysis showed that fermented feed treatment increased splenic IκB kinase β and NF-κB protein levels, whereas these increases were prevented by NF-κB inhibition. In conclusion, fermented feed improves the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hen chicks. Fermented feed-induced modulation of T-cell proliferation, T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cytokine production, and antioxidation is associated with NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
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Avazkhanloo M, Shahir M, Khalaji S, Jafari Anarkooli I. Flaxseed extrusion and expansion coupled with enzyme and pelleting changed protein and lipid molecular structure of flaxseed and improved digestive enzymes activity, intestinal morphology, breast muscle fatty acids and performance of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Gungor E, Erener G. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:301-309. [PMID: 32416815 PMCID: PMC7587760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sour cherry kernels are waste products of the fruit juice industry. Solid-state fermentation has great potential for recycling the agro-industrial residues. In the present study, the effect of raw sour cherry kernel (RC) and fermented sour cherry kernel (FC) by Aspergillus niger on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in broiler chickens was investigated. A total of 343 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 7 replicates for each treatment and 7 birds in each replicate. The chicks were fed on a basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with RC or FC at the 1, 2, and 4% level. Dietary RC improved (P < 0.001) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the 1% inclusion level although chicks fed 2 and 4% RC had lower (P < 0.01) body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake (FI) from day 1 to 42, compared with that of the birds in the control group. Dietary FC with 1% inclusion level increased (P ≤ 0.05) BWG from day 22 to 42 and also enhanced (P < 0.001) the FCR from day 1 to 42. However, 4% dietary FC had an adverse effect (P < 0.01) on BW, BWG, FI, and the FCR, compared with the control group. The bursa of Fabricius weight was raised (P < 0.01) as the supplemental FC level increased. Dietary RC and FC elevated gut weight (P < 0.01) and length (P ≤ 0.05). Broilers fed on 2% FC had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) ash level and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) b* value in thigh meat, compared with the 2% RC group. The results indicate that FC can be used in broiler nutrition up to 2% level although RC can be added to broiler diets up to 1% level without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary inclusion of 1% RC or FC can be recommended due to the positive effects on broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
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25
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Ramay MS, Yalçın S. Effects of supplemental pine needles powder (Pinus brutia) on growth performance, breast meat composition, and antioxidant status in broilers fed linseed oil-based diets. Poult Sci 2020; 99:479-486. [PMID: 32416833 PMCID: PMC7587846 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was proposed to examine the effects of pine needles powder (Pinus brutia) supplementation on growth performance, breast meat composition, and antioxidant status in broilers fed linseed oil-based diets. For this purpose, a total of 210, Ross-308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to 5 experimental groups each containing 42 birds. Broilers were fed a linseed oil-based basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.25% (P1), 0.50% (P2), 0.75% (P3), and 1% (P4) pine needles powder. During the 42-D feeding period, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups for body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio; however, carcass yield was increased linearly with pine needles powder supplementation. No marked changes in the breast meat chemical composition were observed among experimental groups. Supplemental pine needles powder linearly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration in breast meat and liver tissues; however, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of breast meat samples remained unaffected. No significant variation was observed among experimental groups for superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in blood erythrocyte lysates, but blood serum total oxidation status tended to decrease with pine needles powder supplementation. In conclusion, results suggested that pine needles powder supplementation to broiler diets could be a viable option to improve the animal antioxidant status and meat oxidative stability; however, supplementation of Pinus brutia needles powder up to 1% into broiler diets was not sufficient to efficiently curb the fat-induced oxidation in meat. Further investigation is needed to determine the full antioxidant potential of pine needles powder supplementation in poultry by comparing different pine species, evaluating the bioavailability of their active compounds and determining most effective dietary concentration for broiler meat production without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shazaib Ramay
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey.
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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26
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Gungor E, Erener G. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on digestibility, intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 99:471-478. [PMID: 32416832 PMCID: PMC7587797 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary raw sour cherry kernel (RC) or fermented sour cherry kernel (FC) on apparent digestibility, ileal morphology, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Raw sour cherry kernel was fermented by Aspergillus niger for 7 D. A total of 343 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were assigned to 7 dietary treatments consisting of 7 replicates of 7 broilers each. All birds were fed with a commercial diet or diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 4% RC or FC. The experimental period was 42 D. Apparent dry matter (DM), nitrogen and ash digestibilities were diminished (P < 0.05) by dietary RC inclusion, although dietary FC did not negatively affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Dietary 1% FC increased (P < 0.01) the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) compared with the other treatment groups, although RC4 reduced the villus height (VH, P < 0.001) and VH:CD (P < 0.01), compared with the control group. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the crypt depth (CD). Birds fed 1% FC had the highest (P < 0.05) caecal Lactobacillus spp. counts among the treatment groups. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli counts in cecum were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of 1% FC improved ileal morphology and caecal microflora without any adverse effect on the apparent digestibility. These results indicate that FC has the potential to be a feed additive which improves intestinal health for broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
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Shah AA, Khan IU, Sahibzada FA, Tauseef I, Kalsoom UE, Sultana N. Biological and biochemical characteristics of male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass quality of Japanese quails by the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1348-1356. [PMID: 31336393 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves (pine leaves) and α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) powder on male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 360-day-old male quails were purchased from the open market and kept at poultry shed for ninety-four days. After ten days of adaptation, all quails were randomly assigned into 4 groups, control (IC); supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate (IE) at the rate of 150 mg/L; Pinus ponderosa leaves (IP) at the rate of 150 mg/L; and 70 mg α-tocopherol acetate and 70 mg Pinus ponderosa leaves (IEP). Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate supplementation had not significantly (p > .05) effected on final body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of quails. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly (p > .05) affected by IE and IP groups as compared to IC and IEP groups. Triglyceride (TG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly (p < .05) increased in all treatment groups except for the IC group. Aspartate transaminase (AST) significantly (p > .05) decreased in treatment groups as compared to control group. Overall, the mineral levels significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups as compared to control. Cloacal gland index values, the quantity of foam production and testis weight were significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α-tocopherol acetate improved the testis weight, foam production, serum antioxidant enzymes and mineral level especially zinc in Japanese quail considered an indicative characteristic of higher sperm production rate and improved sexual activity. Further, higher gametogenesis rate, sperm production or reproductive behaviour including different hormonal level will be analysed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Umm-E- Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
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28
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Yang L, Liu G, Lian K, Qiao Y, Zhang B, Zhu X, Luo Y, Shang Y, Gu XL. Dietary leonurine hydrochloride supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in broilers. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1679-1692. [PMID: 30789669 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effects of dietary leonurine hydrochloride (LH) supplementation on intestinal morphology and barrier integrity and further illuminate its underlying antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated broilers. A total of 120 1-d-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 5 birds per cage. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with LH (0 or 120 mg/kg) and LPS (injection of saline or 1.5 mg/kg body weight) as treatments. On days 14, 16, 18, and 20 of the trial, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Compared with the control group, LPS-challenged broilers showed impaired growth performance (P < 0.05) from day 15 to day 21 of the trial, increased serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels coupled with reduced glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (duodenal and jejunal mucosa), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content (duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosa), and compromised morphological structure of the duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, LPS challenge increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes and reduced tight junction (TJ) protein expression in the jejunum. However, dietary LH prevented LPS-induced reductions in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in broilers. It also alleviated LPS challenge-induced increases in serum DAO levels, MDA content (duodenal and jejunal mucosa), and jejunal crypt depth (P < 0.05) but reduced villus height, GSH content (jejunal mucosa), and T-SOD activity (duodenal and jejunal mucosa) (P < 0.05). Additionally, LH supplementation significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and upregulated the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin in the jejunal mucosa induced by LPS (P < 0.05). On the other hand, LH administration prevented LPS-induced activation of the p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and attenuated IkB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) in the jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, dietary LH supplementation attenuates intestinal mucosal disruption mainly by accelerating the expression of TJ proteins and inhibiting activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexun Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Li Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Carcass characteristics and serum biochemical profile of Japanese quail by the supplementation of pine needles and vitamin E powder. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Bai L, Song X, Fu Y, Chen S, Tian Y, Jia R, Zou Y, Li L, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Ye G, Lv C, Yue G, Yin Z. Effects of a mixed extract of Cortex Fraxini, Pulsatilla chinensis, and Eucommia ulmoides on immunity and antioxidant activity in hemp ducks. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Effect of different doses of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity hepatic gene expression in broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Niu Y, Zhang JF, Wan XL, Huang Q, He JT, Zhang XH, Zhao LG, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effect of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on nutrient utilisation, intestinal digestive function and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:47-55. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1535166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. F. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X. L. Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Q. Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. T. He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X. H. Zhang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - L. G. Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - L. L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Qiao H, Song Y, Shi H, Bian C. Fermented Astragalus in diet altered the composition of fecal microbiota in broiler chickens. AMB Express 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 30255211 PMCID: PMC6154755 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota play important roles in digestion and degradation of herbal medicines (HMs). However, few studies have examined the relationship between the fecal microbiota and HMs. In this study the effect of unfermented Astragalus (UA) and fermented Astragalus (FA) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and fecal microbiota was evaluated in broiler chickens. In total, 180 one-day-old broiler chickens (Avian breeds) were randomly assigned to a control (C) group fed a basal diet, an unfermented (U) group fed a basal diet containing 0.5% UA, or a fermented (F) group fed a basal diet containing 0.5% FA, for 42 days. The F/G ratio was lower in F and U groups than in C group from 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Glutathione superoxide dismutase, antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase were higher, whereas malondialdehyde was lower in F group than in C and U groups from 1 to 21 days and from 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota were profiled on an Illumina MiSeq platform following PCR amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At the genus level Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus on day 7 in F group. Importantly, a potentially pathogenic genus, Enterococcus, was less abundant in the U and F groups than in the C group on day 35 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.5% FA has beneficial effects on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and fecal microbiota of broiler chickens.
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Qiao H, Zhang L, Shi H, Song Y, Bian C. Astragalus affects fecal microbial composition of young hens as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. AMB Express 2018; 8:70. [PMID: 29713833 PMCID: PMC5928015 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota play important roles in the degradation of chemical compounds of herbal medicines (HMs). However, little information regarding the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota is available. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the fecal microbiota of young (age, 11 weeks) hens fed a conventional diet containing a crude Astragalus (0.5%) additive for 21 days (group A) vs. controls (group B) that were fed only conventional feed. The fecal contents of 14-week-old hens were collected for DNA extraction, and then the V3 and V4 hyper-variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. A distinctive difference in microbial diversity was observed between the two groups. The microbial composition of hens fed a diet supplemented with Astragalus was greater than that of the control group. At the genus level, Lactobacillus was more abundant in group A than group B (p < 0.05). Importantly, this study is the first to report the observation of a novel Romboutsia sp. in the feces of hens. However, Romboutsia was less abundant in group A than group B (17.94 vs. 33.98%, respectively, p < 0.05). The microbial community differed significantly between the two groups at the genus level, suggesting that Astragalus modulates the composition of the fecal microbiota. Based on these differences, these findings provide fresh insights into the application of Astragalus in the poultry industry, as well as a better understanding of the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota.
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Wang X, Zheng C, Qi L, Wang H. Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na +-Storage Electrode Material in Dual-Ion Batteries. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1700055. [PMID: 31565289 PMCID: PMC6607337 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pine needles are used as the precursor material to prepare hard carbon. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption tests are carried out to characterize the surface, crystal, and pore structure of the material. The pine needle derived carbon (PNC) exhibits excellent Na-ion storage ability. A dual-ion battery of PNC/graphite using a Na+-based organic electrolyte is constructed. The batteries display outstanding electrochemical performance: a superior energy density (200 Wh kg-1 at 131 W kg-1), high cut-off voltage (4.7 V), and outstanding cycling stability (87.2% retention after 1000 cycles). In addition, the separate responses of the cathode and anode are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- School of Materials & EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyNo. 100 Outer Ring West RoadGuangzhou510006China
| | - Li Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China
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Niu Y, Wan XL, Zhang XH, Zhao LG, He JT, Zhang JF, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effect of supplemental fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves at different levels on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidant status of breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:869-877. [PMID: 27664198 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with different levels of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves (FGBL) on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, antioxidant enzyme capacity, and free radical scavenging activities of muscles in broiler chickens. A total of 648 one-d-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated into six dietary treatments, including control group (CON group: basal diet), FGBL1, FGBL2, FGBL3, FGBL4, and FGBL5 groups (basal diet containing 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 g/kg FGBL, respectively). Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded at 1, 21, and 42 d. At 42 d, 2 birds from each replicate were slaughtered. The results indicated that 3.5 g/kg FGBL diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG in 1 to 42 d and ADFI in 22 to 42 d compared with the CON group. In 1 to 21 d, 4.5 g/kg FGBL diet improved (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG. With dietary FGBL increasing, the feed: gain ratio (F/G) in 1 to 21 d was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, birds fed with 5.5 g/kg FGBL had a higher (P < 0.05) F/G compared with other groups in 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d. In addition, FGBL3 and FGBL4 showed lower (P < 0.05) L* value in breast muscle, cooking loss in thigh muscle and lower 24 h and 48 h drip loss in both breast and thigh muscles than those of other groups. Furthermore, birds in the FGBL3 and FGBL4 groups increased (P < 0.05) the activity of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capability in muscles, and the scavenging activities of 2,2΄-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical, OH•, and O2•- in thigh muscle, decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration in thigh muscle, as compared to the CON group. In conclusion, FGBL had the potential to improve the growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The optimal dose in the present study of FGBL in broiler diets was from 3.5 to 4.5 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - X L Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - X H Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P.R. China
| | - L G Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - J T He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - J F Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
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Sedaghat A, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S. Auxiliary effects of camphor on reproductive function of Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2946-2955. [PMID: 27444447 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, reproductive problems were raised alongside the continuous genetic selection for performance purposes in poultry. As such, a negative correlation was observed between reproductive and production performance, which may possibly imply that the high growth rate in poultry causes physiological disorders such as decreased libido and frequency of mating. A study was conducted to establish the efficacy of feeding graded levels of camphor on reproductive function of Japanese quail as a bird model. Two-hundred-and-eighty one-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to individual cages in 7 treatments (zero [control], 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm of camphor). The results demonstrated that testosterone concentration displayed an uncertain attitude, as the lower dosages of camphor used (250, 500, and 750 ppm) had the highest values. Thyroxine (T4) linearly increased with increasing camphor levels in male birds (P < 0.05). Triiodothyronine (T3) also was increased in the groups receiving a camphor-containing diet in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). The male birds' libido behavior was linearly increased with the increase of camphor concentration (P < 0.05). Dietary camphor in 500 and 10,000 ppm caused the highest percentage of fertility (P < 0.0001) and hatchability (P = 0.0117), respectively. As well, the groups with 5,000 and 10,000 ppm of camphor accounted for the highest percentage of hatched-fertile eggs (P = 0.0055). The highest rate of sperm penetration in the yolk inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) was demonstrated by the group allotted with 10,000 ppm camphor (P < 0.05). This group also had the highest hole persistency in IPVL. Conclusively, the result indicated that camphor can be added in poultry diet for the improvement of reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Sedaghat
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
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