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Movahedi F, Nirmal N, Wang P, Jin H, Grøndahl L, Li L. Recent advances in essential oils and their nanoformulations for poultry feed. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:110. [PMID: 39123220 PMCID: PMC11316336 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics in poultry feed to boost growth performance are becoming increasingly contentious due to concerns over antimicrobial resistance development. Essential oils (EOs), as natural, plant-derived compounds, have demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. EOs may potentially improve poultry health and growth performance when included in poultry feed. Nevertheless, the incorporation of EOs as nutritional additives is hindered by their high volatility, low water solubility, poor intestinal absorption, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Recently, nanoencapsulation strategies using nanoformulations have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, improving the stability and bioavailability of EOs, and enabling targeted delivery in poultry feed. This review provides an overview of the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of EOs, the current limitations of their applications in poultry feed, and the recent advancements in nano-engineering to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we outline the potential future research direction on EO nanoformulations, emphasizing their promising role in advancing sustainable poultry nutrition.Highlights• Essential oils (EOs) are known as powerful antioxidants and antibacterial agents.• EOs have a high potential to replace antibiotics as feed additives.• Nanoformulations of EOs have shown improved bioactivity and storage stability of EOs.• Nanoformulation promotes the bioavailability and gut adsorption of EOs as feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Movahedi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongping Jin
- JECHO Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., No. 2633, Zhongbin Avenue, Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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2
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John FA, Gaghan C, Liu J, Wolfenden R, Kulkarni RR. Screening and selection of eubiotic compounds possessing immunomodulatory and anti-Clostridium perfringens properties. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103911. [PMID: 38909503 PMCID: PMC11253676 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eubiotics are water and/or feed additives used in poultry to promote gut health and control enteric burden of pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens. While several eubiotic compounds (ECs) are being introduced commercially, it is essential to devise an in vitro model to screen these compounds to assess their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties prior to their testing in vivo. A chicken macrophage cell-line (MQ-NCSU) was used to develop an in vitro model to screen the immunological and anti-C. perfringens properties of 10 ECs: monobutyrin, monolaurin, calcium butyrate, tributyrin, carvacrol, curcumin, green tea extract, rosemary extract, monomyristate, and tartaric acid. An optimal concentration for each EC was selected by measuring the effect on viability of MQ-NCSU cells. Cells were then treated with ECs for 6, 12, and 24 h. and expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and cluster of differentiation (CD40) genes, as well as major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II protein were evaluated. At 6 h post-stimulation, monobutyrin, calcium butyrate, and green tea extract treatments induced a significant downregulation of IFNγ, IL-6, or IL-1β gene transcription and MHC-II expression, while the IL-10 or TGFβ gene expression in these treatments as well as those receiving rosemary extract and tartaric acid was significantly upregulated, when compared to control, suggesting immunomodulatory properties of these ECs. Finally, pretreatment of macrophages with these selected 5 ECs for 24 h followed by C. perfringens infection showed that monobutyrin, green tea extract, rosemary extract, and calcium butyrate treatments can inhibit bacterial growth significantly at 12 and/or 24 h post-infection, when compared to the control. Collectively, our findings show that ECs possessing immunomodulatory and anti-C. perfringens properties can be selected using an in vitro avian macrophage cell-based model so that such ECs can further be tested in vivo for their disease prevention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feba Ann John
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Carissa Gaghan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jundi Liu
- Animal Nutrition BU, Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA
| | - Ross Wolfenden
- Animal Nutrition BU, Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Ceylan N, Bortoluzzi C, Gunturkun O, Perez-Calvo E. Comparative effects of dietary muramidase and phytogenics on the growth performance and gastrointestinal functionality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104147. [PMID: 39127005 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of muramidase (MUR) and 2 phytogenic additives on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, bacteria load, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens raised under field-like conditions. A total of 6,400 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly selected and distributed into 32 floor pens, with 200 chicks (100 males and 100 females)/pen. The treatment groups were an unsupplemented control, and the experimental groups supplemented with MUR at 35,000 LSU(F)/kg of feed, phytogenic 1 (Phyto 1, based on thymol) at 100g/ton feed, or phytogenic 2 (Phyto 2, based on alkaloids) at 60g/ton feed, for a total period of 41 d. A 4-phase feeding program was applied (starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal). The paramenters evaluated were: growth performance, carcass yield, concentration of muranic acid in the jejunum content and excreta, liver enzyme concentration, intestinal morphology, and bacteria enumeration and short and branch chain fatty acids (SCFA and BCFA) in the cecal content. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to separate the means. Soluble muramic acid (MurN) in the jejunum increased with the supplementation of MUR and Phyto 2 when compared to the other groups (P = 0.0001), but only the supplementation of MUR increased the concentration of MurN in the excreta. The supplementation of all feed additives improved the body weight gain and the body weight corrected feed conversion ratio when compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). MUR increased villus heigh (VH) when compared to the control or the other supplemented groups (P = 0.0001), and led to the highest concentration of most SCFA, total BCFA, and total SCFA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of MUR and phytogenics to the diets of broiler chickens improved the growth performance, but MUR, only, was capable of effectively degrading peptidoglycans (PGNs) in both intestinal segments, as well as to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Ceylan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | | | - Oguz Gunturkun
- dsm-firmenich, Animal Nutrition and Health, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Huerta Lorenzo B, Galán-Relaño Á, Barba-Sánchez E, Romero-Salmoral A, Solarte Portilla AL, Gómez-Gascón L, Astorga Márquez RJ. Potentiation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Oxytetracycline Combined with Cinnamon, Clove, Oregano, and Red Thyme Essential Oils against MDR Salmonella enterica Strains. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1347. [PMID: 38731351 PMCID: PMC11083648 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines have a high resistance percentage in Salmonella spp. of both human and animal origin. Essential oils, such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and red thyme (Thymus zygis), have shown bactericidal activity against this bacterium. However, in many cases, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exceeds the cytotoxicity limits. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of combining oxytetracycline with essential these oils against field multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains. The MIC of each product was determined using the broth microdilution method. The interaction was evaluated using the checkerboard method, by means of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICindex) determination. The results showed a positive interaction (synergy and additivity) between oxytetracycline and the four oils tested, resulting in a reduction in both products' MICs by 2 to 4 times their initial value, in the case of oils, and by 2 to 1024 times in the case of the antibiotic. The combination of oxytetracycline and cinnamon achieved the best results (FICindex 0.5), with a decrease in the antibiotic effective concentration to below the sensitivity threshold (MIC of the combined oxytetracycline 0.5 µg/mL). There was no antagonistic effect in any case, although differences in response were observed depending on the bacterial strain. The results of this study suggest that combining oxytetracycline with cinnamon oil could be an effective alternative for controlling tetracycline-resistant strains of Salmonella. However, its individual use should be further evaluated through in vitro susceptibility tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Huerta Lorenzo
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Barba-Sánchez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
| | - Antonio Romero-Salmoral
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana L. Solarte Portilla
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Mariana University, Calle 18 No. 34-104 Pasto (N), San Juan de Pasto 52001, Colombia
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael J. Astorga Márquez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (B.H.L.); (E.B.-S.); (A.R.-S.); (A.L.S.P.); (L.G.-G.); (R.J.A.M.)
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
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Lebda MA, Mansour AA, Elieba EM, Hassoubah SA, AlMalki F, El-Magd MA, Othman SI, Allam AM, Tellez-Isaias G, Taha AE. Leverage of Salvadora persica and Pulicaria undulata extracts in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103472. [PMID: 38271754 PMCID: PMC10832469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant challenge in the poultry industry due to their related use of antimicrobial compounds and the drastic losses in production and livability. This study investigated the preventive impacts of dietary supplementation of Salvadora persica (SP) and/or Pulicaria undulata (PU) extracts on growth traits, biochemical and immune parameters, and related gene expression of E. coli-infected broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used. The chicks were allocated into eight equal groups (3 replicates/ group; 5 chicks per each replicate) as follows: G1; control negative, G2; SP-treated, G3; PU-treated, G4; SP/PU-treated, G5; E. coli infected, G6; E. coli infected and SP-treated, G7; E. coli infected and PU-treated, G8; E. coli infected and SP/PU-treated groups. Results revealed significant improvement in average body weight (ABW), average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers fed diets supplemented with SP and/or PU compared to control and E. coli infected groups. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in ALT, AST, creatinine, and uric acid was reported in other treated groups compared to the single E. coli-infected broilers. On the contrary, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum immunoglobulin and protein concentration was also reported in treated groups when compared to E. coli-infected untreated group. In addition, feeding broilers with SP and/or PU significantly improved (P < 0.05) the relative weight of immune-related organs and gene expression of TLR-15, with subsequent down-regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA transcripts. Supplementing broilers with dietary SP and/or PU could be promising in the prevention of E. coli infection via stimulating significant improvement of immune-related gene expression, immune-related organ weight, and down-regulation of inflammatory-related genes, with subsequent enhancement of the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahd A Mansour
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M Elieba
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Shahira A Hassoubah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah AlMalki
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abu El-Magd
- Embryology and Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Sara I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Allam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 USA
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Edfina, Egypt.
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6
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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Abd El-Aziz A, Abo Ghanima M, Mota-Rojas D, Sherasiya A, Ciani F, El-Sabrout K. Bee Products for Poultry and Rabbits: Current Challenges and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3517. [PMID: 38003135 PMCID: PMC10668745 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry and rabbit production are important and rapidly growing agricultural subsectors, particularly in several developing countries. To ensure the sustainability of poultry and rabbit production, realistic poultry and rabbit farming practices must be improved. Apitherapy is a traditional alternative medicine that involves the prevention and treatment of some diseases with several bee products including propolis, royal jelly, pollen, and venom. More feeding investigations on the numerous benefits of bee products for poultry and rabbits are crucial to be addressed. Poultry and rabbit production has recently experienced numerous challenges, including climate change, disease spread, and antibiotic misuse. Improving animal welfare, health, and production is a top priority for all livestock farms, as is supplying consumers with safe and healthy products. Therefore, this review aims to collect and investigate recent relevant literature on the use of bee products, as feed additives, drinking water supplements, and injections, for poultry and rabbits to improve animal health and production. From the current findings, bee products can improve the growth and immunological performance of small-livestock animals, such as poultry and rabbits, by activating digestive enzymes, maintaining microbial balance, and promoting vitamin synthesis. Therefore, bee products could be a promising natural alternative to growth promoters, reproductive stimulants, and immunological enhancers in poultry and rabbit farms to provide safe and healthy products for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (A.A.E.-A.)
| | - Mahmoud Abo Ghanima
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (A.A.E.-A.)
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | | | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Karim El-Sabrout
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
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Ceylan N, Yenice E, Yavaş İ, Çenesiz AA, Toprak NN, Çiftçi İ. Comparative effects of medium-chain fatty acids or phytobiotics-based feed additives on performance, caecum microbiota, volatile fatty acid production and intestinal morphology of broilers. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2719-2730. [PMID: 37659072 PMCID: PMC10650355 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters have been utilized in broiler nutrition to alleviate the negative effects of the pathogenic microbes to promote performance. However, after the prohibition of antibiotics because of the increasing disclosure related to public health issues, various products have been developed as alternatives. This study was carried out to determine the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or phytobiotics (essential oils [EOs] and alkaloids [ALKs]), blended feed additives on the growth performance, jejunum histomorphology, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 765 male Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups, each having 9 replicates with 17 chicks. The experimental procedures were as follows: a control group without supplementation (T1); control group+ MCFAs and EOs blend (T2); control group+ different EOs blend (T3); control group+ ALK sanguinarine (T4); and control group+ EOs and ALK piperine mixture (T5). The results showed that, broilers fed with MCFAs blended with EOs had significantly greater body weight gain during overall period in comparision to the control and T3 groups. Further, only MCFAs blended with EOs group significantly improved jejnum morphology in comparison with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Besides, the MCFAs blended with EOs group significantly elevated propionate, acetate and butyrate concentration, and decreased the concentration of branch chain fatty acids in caecum (p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that, the combination of MCFAs and EOs seems to have improvement effects and could be preferred as an efficient feed additive in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Ceylan
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Engin Yenice
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - İsmail Yavaş
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Ali Anıl Çenesiz
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Neşe Nuray Toprak
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - İbrahim Çiftçi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
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9
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Du H, Xing Y, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. Dietary Artemisia Ordosica Polysaccharide Enhances Spleen and Intestinal Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37997990 PMCID: PMC10669473 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The spleen and small intestines are the primary immune organs that provide important immunity against various diseases. Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide (AOP) could be used as an immunologic enhancer to boost immunity in response to infection. This study was performed to explore the effects of the dietary supplementation of AOP on the growth performance and spleen and small intestine immune function in broilers. A total of 288 AA broilers (1 day old) were randomly assigned into six dietary groups. Each group included six replicates of eight broilers per cage. The broilers were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (CON), 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC), 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg AOP for 42 d. The results showed that dietary AOP supplementation affected broiler growth performance, with 750 and 1000 mg/kg of AOP being able to significantly improve broiler BWG, and 750 mg/kg of AOP was able to significantly reduce the FCR. The dietary AOP supplementation increased the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-4 in the spleen and small intestine in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that AOP can promote the mRNA expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling-pathway-related factors (TLR4, MyD88, P38 MAPK, JNK, NF-κB p50, and IL-1β). In addition, the dietary supplementation of 750 mg/kg AOP provides better immunity in the tissue than the CON group but showed no significant difference from the CTC group. Therefore, AOP has an immunoregulatory action and can modulate the immune function of broilers via the TLR4/ NF-ΚB/MAPK signal pathway. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 750 mg/kg AOP may be alternatives to antibiotics for enhancing broilers' health, immunity, and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.D.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (S.Y.)
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10
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Li X, Chen X, Yuan W, Zhang X, Mao A, Zhao W, Yao N, Deng X, Xu C. Effects of Platycladus orientalis Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Fur-Production, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Raccoon Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3151. [PMID: 37835757 PMCID: PMC10571531 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis leaves are rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides, which offer high medicinal and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of P. orientalis leaf extract (PLE) on the growth performance, fur quality, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs. Sixty healthy male black raccoon dogs, aged 85 (±5) days, were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg PLE for 125 days (designated as groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively). The results revealed that the raccoon dogs in group P1 exhibited increased average daily gain and underfur length while showing a decreased feed/gain ratio compared to group P0 (p < 0.05). However, the heart index in group P2 was significantly lower than in group P0 (p < 0.05), and the kidney index and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in group P3 were higher than in groups P2 and P0 (p < 0.05), suggesting potential adverse effects at higher PLE dosages. Notably, dietary PLE supplementation led to a reduction in serum glucose concentrations (p < 0.05), which may have implications for glucose regulation. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of dietary supplementation with 0.25 g/kg PLE on the raccoon dogs' intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed significant alterations in the microbial community structure, with a notable decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri in response to 0.25 g/kg PLE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing raccoon dogs' diet with 0.25 g/kg PLE can lead to improved growth performance and a positive influence on the intestinal microbiota. However, caution should be exercised regarding higher dosages, as they may have adverse effects on certain parameters. As a result, PLE holds promise as a potential feed additive for fur animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Weitao Yuan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Aipeng Mao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Naiquan Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jinlin Province and Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
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11
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Zhang H, Dong M, Xu H, Li H, Zheng A, Sun G, Jin W. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Human LL-37 Prevents Deaths from Viral Infections in Piglets and Chicken. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10155-6. [PMID: 37743432 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel antibiotic substitutes are increasingly in demand in the animal husbandry industry. An oral recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) expressing human LL-37 (oral LL-37) was developed and its safety and antiviral effectiveness in vivo was tested. In addition to impairing liposome integrity, LL-37 polypeptide from recombinant L. lactis could prevent the host cell infection by a variety of viruses, including recombinant SARS, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus G. Subchronic toxicity studies performed on Sprague-Dawley rats showed that no cumulative toxicity was found during short-term intervention. Oral LL-37 treatment after the onset of fever could reduce mortality in piglets infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Moreover, body weight gain of piglets receiving treatment was progressively restored, and nucleic acid positive rebound was not undetected after discontinuation. Oral LL-37 consistently increased the lifespan of chickens infected with Newcastle viruses. These findings suggested a potential use of recombinantly modified microorganisms in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Jilin Yuanheyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Hongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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12
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Pandey S, Kim ES, Cho JH, Song M, Doo H, Kim S, Keum GB, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Choe J, Kim HB. Cutting-edge knowledge on the roles of phytobiotics and their proposed modes of action in swine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1265689. [PMID: 37808106 PMCID: PMC10552858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1265689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ban on antibiotics in the swine industry, the exploration of alternative options has highlighted phytobiotics as a promising substitute for antibiotic growth promoters, aiming to foster a more sustainable swine industry. Phytobiotics are non-nutritive natural bioactive components derived from plants that offer numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Phytobiotics can be utilized in various forms, including solid, dried, ground, or as extracts, either in crude or concentrated form. They are characterized by low residual levels, a lack of resistance development, and minimal adverse effects. These qualities make phytobiotics an attractive choice for enhancing health and productivity in swine, presenting them as a viable alternative to antibiotics. While there is a general understanding of the effects of phytobiotics, there is still a need for detailed information regarding their effectiveness and mechanisms of action in practical settings. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review was to summarize the current knowledge supporting the roles of phytobiotics and their proposed modes of action, with a specific focus on swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Major of Beef Science, Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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13
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Casalino G, Dinardo FR, D’Amico F, Bozzo G, Bove A, Camarda A, Lombardi R, Dimuccio MM, Circella E. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Essential Oil against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2639. [PMID: 37627430 PMCID: PMC10451300 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis, caused by E. coli, is responsible for economic losses in the poultry industry due to mortality, decreased production, and the cost of antibiotic treatments. Prevention of colibacillosis is based on improved biosecurity measures and the use of the vaccine performed with O78 E. coli strains, which is responsible for most cases of colibacillosis. Recently, there has been increased interest in other infection control methods, such as the use of natural compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) against E. coli strains isolated from poultry. The MIC50 and MIC90 of CEO were determined by testing 117 strains belonging to serogroups O78, O2, O128, O139, isolated from laying hens (91 strains), broilers (10 strains), and turkeys (16 strains). The bacterial strains were tested at cell densities of 108 and 106 CFU/mL. At the cell density of 108 CFU/mL, MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.4 and 0.5 µL/mL for most of the tested strains, while they corresponded to 0.5 µL/mL for all strains isolated from broilers and for strains belonging to serogroup O139. At the cell density of 106 CFU/mL, MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.3 and 0.4 µL/mL, regardless of bird species of origin and for strains belonging to serogroups O78 and O2. In addition, a concentration of 0.04 µL/mL of CEO corresponded both to MIC50 and MIC90 for strains belonging to serogroups O139 and O128. Based on these results, cinnamon essential oil showed an effective antibacterial activity against E. coli strains from poultry and could find field application for the prevention of colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, S. P. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.C.); (F.R.D.); (F.D.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (M.M.D.)
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14
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Pirompud P, Sivapirunthep P, Punyapornwithaya V, Chaosap C. Preslaughter handling factors affecting dead on arrival, condemnations, and bruising in broiler chickens raised without an antibiotic program. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102828. [PMID: 37354619 PMCID: PMC10404772 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Thailand, knowledge about the factors affecting broiler losses during the preslaughter process is very limited, especially for broilers raised without an antibiotic program. The objective of this study was to determine the preslaughter factors that influence the incidence of dead on arrival (DOA), condemnations, and bruising in broilers raised without antibiotics. Data from 13,581 truckloads of broilers raised without an antibiotic program in 95 contract farms of one of Thailand's largest broiler producers in 2021 were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model that accounted for farm as a random effect. Results showed that the following risk factors were associated with the occurrence of DOA, condemnations, and bruising: season, time of transport, sex, age at slaughter, mortality and culling rate, and weight per crate. While mean body weight affected the incidence of condemnations and bruising, transport time and lairage time affected DOA and bruising. Feed withdrawal time affected DOA and condemnations. Rearing stocking density only affected condemnation rate. Reducing or eliminating the effects of these risk factors could reduce production losses due to DOA, condemnations, and bruising, thereby improving animal welfare and producer profitability. Reducing weight per crate could reduce DOA, condemnations, and bruising. Reducing lairage time could reduce DOA and bruising, while reducing feed withdrawal time could reduce DOA and condemnations. Raising broilers at a younger age with a lower slaughter weight could prevent the occurrence of DOA, condemnations, and bruising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranee Pirompud
- Doctoral Program in Innovative Tropical Agricultures, Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Panneepa Sivapirunthep
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chanporn Chaosap
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
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Dai P, Shen J, Shen D, Li X, Win-Shwe TT, Li C. Melatonin Ameliorates Apoptosis of A549 Cells Exposed to Chicken House PM 2.5: A Novel Insight in Poultry Production. TOXICS 2023; 11:562. [PMID: 37505528 PMCID: PMC10383700 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from the chicken production system can cause lung injury and reduce productivity through prolonged breath as it attaches large amounts of harmful substances and microbes. Melatonin has acted to regulate physiological and metabolic disorders and improve growth performance during poultry production. This research would investigate the apoptosis caused by chicken house PM2.5 on lung pulmonary epithelial cells and the protective action of melatonin. Here, the basal epithelial cells of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cells) were subjected to PM2.5 from the broiler breeding house to investigate the apoptosis induced by PM2.5 as well as the alleviation of melatonin. The apoptosis was aggravated by PM2.5 (12.5 and 25 μg/mL) substantially, and the expression of Bcl-2, Bad, Bax, PERK, and CHOP increased dramatically after PM2.5 treatment. Additionally, the up-regulation of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins, including ATF6 and CHOP, was observed due to PM2.5 exposure. It is worth noting that melatonin could support A549 cells' survival, in which reduced expression of Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 appeared. Concurrently, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was down-regulated and enhanced the intracellular content of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) after treatment by PM2.5 together with melatonin. Collectively, our study underlined that melatonin exerted an anti-apoptotic action on A549 cells by strengthening their antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Dai
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiakun Shen
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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16
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Liu S, Zhao C, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Nie D, Tang W, Li Y. Comparison of Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Litsea Cubeba, Cinnamon, Anise, and Eucalyptus. Molecules 2023; 28:5051. [PMID: 37446712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity of litsea cubeba oil (LCO), cinnamon oil (CO), anise oil (AO), and eucalyptus oil (EUC) in vitro. The chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the four EOs was evaluated through scavenging DPPH free radicals, chelating Fe2+, scavenging hydroxyl free radicals, and inhibiting yolk lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the major compounds found in LCO, CO, AO, and EUC are citral (64.29%), cinnamaldehyde (84.25%), anethole (78.51%), and 1,8-cineole (81.78%), respectively. The four EOs all had certain antioxidant activity. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical was ranked in the order of LCO > CO > AO > EUC. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was ranked in the order of EUC > CO > LCO > AO. The chelating Fe2+ capacity was ranked in the order of EUC > AO > CO > LCO. The yolk lipid peroxidation inhibition ability was ranked in the order of CO > AO > EUC > LCO. In different antioxidant activity assays, the antioxidant activity of the EOs was different. It was speculated that the total antioxidant activity of an EO may be the result of the joint action of different antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dechao Nie
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weixuan Tang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
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17
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Varela AMG, de Lima Junior DM, de Araújo TLAC, de Souza Junior JBF, de Macedo Costa LL, Pereira MWF, Batista NV, de Lima Melo VL, de Oliveira Lima P. The effect of propolis extract on milk production and composition, serum biochemistry, and physiological parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:244. [PMID: 37340113 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether feeding propolis extract (PE) influences nutrient intake, milk production and composition, serum biochemistry, and physiological parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. For this purpose, we used three primiparous Holstein cows with a lactation period of 94 ± 4 days and with 485 ± 13 kg body weight. The treatments were 0 mL/day, 32 mL/day, and 64 mL/day of PE randomly assigned in a 3x3 Latin square design, repeated over time. The experiment lasted a total of 102 days; each Latin square lasted 51 days divided into three 17-day periods (12 days for adaptation and five days for data collection). The PE supply did not influence (P > 0.05) the cows' intake of dry matter (18.96 kg/d), crude protein (2.83 kg/d), and neutral detergent-insoluble fiber (7.36 kg/d), but there was an increase in feeding time with the 64 ml/day PE supply (P < 0.05). Providing 64 ml/day of PE tended (P = 0.06) to increase milk production by 11.64% and improve gross feed efficiency of cows by 12.04%. The PE supply did not influence milk composition and blood parameters of cows (P > 0.05). Offering 32 mL/day of PE decreased (P < 0.05) the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of cows. We recommend a supply of 64 mL/day of PE for heat-stressed dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Michell Garcia Varela
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Junior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil.
| | | | - João Batista Freire de Souza Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- ThermoBio - Research Nucleus in Applied Animal Biometeorology, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lelis de Macedo Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
- ThermoBio - Research Nucleus in Applied Animal Biometeorology, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Nayane Valente Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lucas de Lima Melo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, 59625-900, Brazil
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18
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Mantzios T, Tsiouris V, Papadopoulos GA, Economou V, Petridou E, Brellou GD, Giannenas I, Biliaderis CG, Kiskinis K, Fortomaris P. Investigation of the Effect of Three Commercial Water Acidifiers on the Performance, Gut Health, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2037. [PMID: 37370547 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of three commercial water acidifiers on the performance, gut health, and C. jejuni colonization in experimentally challenged broiler chicks. A total of 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308®) were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates according to the following experimental design: group A, birds were not challenged and received tap water; group B, birds were challenged and received tap water; groups C, D, E, and F, birds were challenged and received tap water treated with 0.1% v/v SPECTRON®, with 0.1-0.2% v/v ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive, with 0.1-0.2% v/v Premium acid, and with 0.1-0.2% v/v Salgard® Liquid, respectively. The continuous water acidification evoked undesirable effects on broilers' performance and to an increased number of birds with ulcers and erosions in the oral cavity and the upper esophageal area. ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive and Premium acid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the crop, whereas Salgard® Liquid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. At slaughter age, only Premium acid significantly reduced C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. All the tested products ameliorated the changes induced by C. jejuni infection in the pH in the ceca of birds. It can be concluded that besides the effectiveness of the tested products in controlling C. jejuni in broilers, their continuous application evoked undesirable effects on broilers' performance, leading to the need to modify the dosage scheme in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Food Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia D Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas G Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kiskinis
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Dietary Dialium guineense stem-bark supplementation improves growth performance and haemato-biochemical characteristics of broiler chickens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17341. [PMID: 37484235 PMCID: PMC10361381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry farmers, particularly in developing countries, are concerned about the rising cost of conventional feed additives such as antibiotics. This has sparked a lot of interest in the search for phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) that can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in chicken diets. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Dialium guineensestem-bark (DGSB) one of such PFAs, and its effect of its supplementation on the performance of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Fresh D. guineense stem barks were manually harvested, dried on shade and thereafter milled into DGSB powder. The DGSB was chemically analysed and standard broiler chicken diets were supplemented with DGSB at 0 (T1), 0.5 (T2), 1.0 (T3) and 1.5 (T4) g kg-1 feed. 200 day-old chicks were raised on starter mash from days 1-21 and finisher mash from days 22-47. Results suggested that DGSB is relatively high in fibre, ash and important phytochemicals. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) responded to incremental levels of DGSB linearly. Maximum ADFI was achieved at 1.5 g DGSB/kg feed. Birds in group T2 recorded the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.90, while those in group T4 had the highest FCR of 2.68. Broiler chickens on 0.5 g/kg feed attained higher (P < 0.05) final live weight (FLW) and average daily gain (ADG). Results indicated that dietary DGSB supplementation influenced aspects of the blood traits of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Results also show that DGSB had a quadratic effect on FLW, ADG, aspects of red blood cell indices, platelets, white blood cells, lymphocytes, glucose, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in broiler chickens. In conclusion, DGSB is high in fibre, ash and some beneficial phytochemicals and may be incorporated to broiler chicken nutrition at a supplementation level not beyond 0.5 g/kg feed for best growth performance and blood characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Sultana N, Islam R, Bhakta S, Saha John A, Islam Sinza S, Hashem MA. Role of Clove and Tulsi on broiler health and meat production. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103654. [PMID: 37152300 PMCID: PMC10160581 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Clove (Cv) and Tulsi (Ts) supplementation on broiler growth performance and gut health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters has already been established. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the role of Cv and Ts on the serum biochemical profile and meat quality traits in broilers. A total of sixty (60) one-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four homogenous groups (15 birds per group). They were then fed Cv powder and Ts extract from day (d) 8 to d 28 with drinking water i.e. zero level of Cv or Ts (T0), 0.5% Cv + 2% Ts (T1), 1.0% Cv + 3% Ts (T2), 1.5% Cv + 4% Ts (T3). Blood and meat samples were collected on d 14, 21, and 28 to analyze the serum-biochemical profile and meat quality. Supplementation of Cv and Ts improved serum-biochemical profile by reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers. However, they did not affect the serum protein levels while the 0.5-1% Cv and 2-3% Ts supplemented groups had higher glucose levels on d 21. Production of breast and thigh meat increased with increased size, and density of myofibers while fed 0.5-1% Cv and 2-3% Ts. On the contrary, 1.5% Cv powder and 4% Ts extract supplementation improved thigh meat color, breast and thigh meat pH as well as the water-holding capacity. The current study findings suggest that Cv and Ts can be used in combination to improve broiler health, production, and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh.
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sonali Bhakta
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Akash Saha John
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Islam Sinza
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abul Hashem
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Mwangi F, Dallasheh A, Kalyesubula M, Reicher N, Sabastian C, Mabjeesh SJ. Diet Preference, Feed Efficiency and Expression of the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter Isoform 1 and Sweet Taste Receptors in the Jejunum of Lambs Supplemented with Different Flavours. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081417. [PMID: 37106980 PMCID: PMC10135306 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary flavour supplements on the preference, feed efficiency and expression of the sweet taste receptor family 1 members 2 and 3 (T1R2 + T1R3), and sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) genes in the lambs' small intestines. Eight, five-month-old, Israeli crossbred Assaf lambs were offered 16 different non-nutritive commercial flavours in rolled barley and ground corn. Capsicum and sucram were the most preferred non-aroma flavours (p = 0.020), while milky (p < 0.001) was the most preferred powder-aroma flavour. For the metabolic and relative gene expression study, eight lambs were randomly assigned to either sucram, capsicum, a mix containing sucram and capsicum at 1:1 ratio or no flavour for control in a 4 × 2 cross-over design. The total collection of urine (females only), faeces and refusals was carried out, and T1R2, T1R3 and SGLT1 relative gene expression evaluated from the proximal jejunum biopsies. Flavour had no significant effect on the feed intake (p = 0.934), but capsicum increased the average daily weight gain per metabolic body weight (p = 0.049). The T1R3 gene was expressed highest in the mix treatment (1.7; p = 0.005). Collectively, our findings indicate that flavours can be used to motivate feed acceptance and improve the weight gain in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista Mwangi
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Areen Dallasheh
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Chris Sabastian
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Sameer J Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 760001, Israel
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Piao M, Tu Y, Zhang N, Diao Q, Bi Y. Advances in the Application of Phytogenic Extracts as Antioxidants and Their Potential Mechanisms in Ruminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040879. [PMID: 37107254 PMCID: PMC10135197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Under current breeding conditions, multiple stressors are important challenges facing animal husbandry in achieving animal wellbeing. For many years, the use of antibiotics has been a social concern in the livestock industry. With the implementation of the non-antibiotics policy, there is an urgent need to find relevant technologies and products to replace antibiotics and to solve the problem of disease prevention during animal growth. Phytogenic extracts have the unique advantages of being natural and extensive sources, having a low residue, and being pollution-free and renewable. They can relieve the various stresses, including oxidative stress, on animals and even control their inflammation by regulating the signaling pathways of proinflammatory cytokines, improving animal immunity, and improving the structure of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby becoming the priority choice for improving animal health. In this study, we reviewed the types of antioxidants commonly used in the livestock industry and their applicable effects on ruminants, as well as the recent research progress on their potential mechanisms of action. This review may provide a reference for further research and for the application of other phytogenic extracts and the elucidation of their precise mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Piao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Patil V, Hedau M, Kaore M, Badar S, Kadam M, Chaudhari S, Rawool D, Barbuddhe S, Vergis J, Kurkure N. Potential of cinnamaldehyde essential oil as a possible antimicrobial against fowl typhoid in layers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:126. [PMID: 36944831 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fowl typhoid (FT) is an economically significant bacterial disease of layers leading to a drastic drop in egg production. Due to increased public health concerns about antibiotics in poultry feed, a search for new safe antimicrobials for treating fowl typhoid is crucial. The antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CnEO) against fowl typhoid in layers was investigated in this experiment. The 60-week-old BV300-layer birds (n = 100) were divided into five groups: the non-challenged control group A, only cinnamaldehyde-treated group B (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water for 60 days), the challenged group C, challenged plus cinnamaldehyde therapy group D (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi), and challenged plus antibiotic therapy group E (chloramphenicol @ 1 gm/5lit through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi). Hens from all challenged groups were challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum (VTCCBAA588) @ 1 × 108 CFU/ml orally. Various parameters such as clinical signs, mortality, egg production and egg weight, colony-forming unit (CFU) count of cecal content, eggshell surface, and egg yolk were evaluated all through 60 days of an experimental trial. Results indicated that, in the case of the cinnamaldehyde therapeutic group, there was a significant improvement in egg production, mild clinical signs, lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a significantly lower bacterial count in ceca and on the eggshell surface compared to the control challenge group. Thus, CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water can be a potential antimicrobial for controlling fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Hedau
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Kaore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta Badar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukund Kadam
- Department of Poultry Sciences, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Rawool
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 092, Telanagana, India
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 092, Telanagana, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode Kerala Veterinary, and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Nitin Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India.
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Quaye B, Opoku O, Benante V, Adjei-Mensah B, Amankrah MA, Ampadu B, Awenkanab E, Atuahene CC. Influence of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and haemato-biochemical indices of broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1234-1240. [PMID: 36877633 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal herbs as classes of additives to poultry feeds have proven to be beneficial due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. OBJECTIVE A 6-week study was conducted to assess the effects of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 240 unsexed commercial broiler chickens, 2 weeks old, were randomly allocated to four treatments: T1 (negative control), T2 (positive control, 1 g/L oxytetracycline), T3 (0.5% Aloe vera gel extract) and T4 (1% Aloe vera gel extract) in a completely randomised design (CRD), with six replicates of 10 birds per replicate. The Aloe vera gel extract was administered in fresh drinking water. RESULTS The results revealed across all the treatment groups, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were found in terms of growth performance and carcass traits. However, the mortality rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the positive control and the Aloe vera groups compared to the negative control. Total cholesterol, total glucose, and high-density lipoprotein values for the experimental groups (T3 and T4) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the control groups. The values for red blood cell count, haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration for the birds treated with Aloe vera gel were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS It is therefore concluded that the addition of Aloe vera gel extracts up to 1% in the drinking water could replace antibiotics in broiler chickens without any adverse effects on the health status and the performance of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Quaye
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - O Opoku
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - V Benante
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - B Adjei-Mensah
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Centre d'Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Université of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - M A Amankrah
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - B Ampadu
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - E Awenkanab
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - C C Atuahene
- Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Effect of citrus-coconut electrolyte blend on growth performance, haemato-biochemical status, organs development and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:56. [PMID: 36715847 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a bid to mitigate growing concerns regarding the use of antibiotics in food animals OBJECTIVES: This study determined the growth performance, haemato-biochemical status, organ development and intestinal morphology of Arbor Acre broiler chicken strain on oral administration of citrus-coconut electrolyte blend (CCEB) for 26 days. METHODS One-hundred ninety-two chicks were brooded for 2 weeks and thereafter divided on a weight equalization basis into four groups (0, 5, 10 and 15 ml CCEB per litre of water) of six replicates each and eight birds per replicate. Phytochemical screening of CCEB was determined, while data collected for growth performance, organ proportions and intestinal morphology were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Phytochemical composition revealed the abundance of phenols (128.40 mg/100g) and tannins (78.10 mg/100g) in CCEB. All productive performance parameters measured were not significantly (p < 0.05) different across treatment means. However, significantly (p < 0.05) highest concentrations (134.47 and 66.48 mg/dl, respectively) for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the lowest concentration (38.34 mg/dl) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were recorded in birds on 15 ml of CCEB/litre of water. Furthermore, a progressive reduction (p < 0.05) in the bursa of Fabricius was observed with increasing CCEB/litre of water. The supplementation of CCEB did not influence (p > 0.05) duodenal morphological parameters. CONCLUSION The study concluded that 15 ml of CCEB/litre of water enhanced the production of HDL, reduced LDL, and improved immunity via the reduction of the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens.
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Rubens J, Kibilds J, Jansons M, Piginka-Vjaceslavova I, Barene I, Daberte I, Liepa L, Malniece A, Rubens A, Starkute V, Zokaityte E, Ruzauskas M, Bartkiene E, Bartkevics V, Pugajeva I. Application of Baltic Pine ( Pinus sylvestris) Needle Extract as a Gut Microbiota-Modulating Feed Supplement for Domestic Chickens ( Gallus gallus). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:297. [PMID: 36679012 PMCID: PMC9861901 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of wood industry residues is very desirable from a circular economy perspective. Pine needle extracts are known for their health-promoting properties and therefore can be used as herbal remedies and nutritional supplements. Since the withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters in the European Union, natural feed additives that improve poultry health and production are needed. It was proposed that pine needle extract could be a good alternative to antibiotic usage at sub-therapeutic concentrations. The results relevant to our assumption could be obtained by using domestic chickens as an in vivo model for the evaluation of gut microbiota-altering properties of pine needle extract as an herbal supplement. We tested the antimicrobial effects of Baltic pine (Pinus sylvestris) needle extract. Then, we used chicken (Gallus gallus) that received feed supplemented with two different concentrations of the extract for 40 days to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This preliminary study demonstrated trends toward dose-dependent desirable changes in broiler microbiome, such as a reduction in the relative abundance of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Rubens
- Research and Experimental Development on Biotechnology, BF-ESSE LLC, Brivibas Gatve 369 k-2, LV-1024 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Kibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martins Jansons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ilze Barene
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irena Daberte
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Liepa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kristapa Helmana 8, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Aija Malniece
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kristapa Helmana 8, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Arturs Rubens
- Research and Experimental Development on Biotechnology, BF-ESSE LLC, Brivibas Gatve 369 k-2, LV-1024 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Raina Blv 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
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Assessment of the Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potentials of Zingiber zerumbet. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010409. [PMID: 36615610 PMCID: PMC9823818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has arisen as a global concern in recent decades. Plant extracts used in combination with antibiotics are promising against AMR, synergistically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the component of the bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) extract in different solvents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in addition to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these extracts, in combination with their antibiotic potential against four multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). Ethanol and the aqueous extracts of bitter ginger were prepared using a conventional solvent extraction method and were evaluated for their phytochemistry using HPLC, qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, the antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic isolates was determined. A disc diffusion assay was used to obtain the antimicrobial potential of the extracts alone and with antibiotics. Eight components were identified from the separation of the bitter ginger extract by HPLC. For AMR bacteria, the combination of the antibiotic solution with the bitter ginger crude extracts could improve its susceptibility of these antibiotics. This study indicates that the combination of an antibiotic solution with the bitter ginger crude extract exhibits potent antibacterial activities against MDR bacterial strains. Therefore, they can be used for the treatment of various diseases against the microbial pathogen and can be incorporated into medication for antibacterial therapy.
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shafi ME, Alshahrani OA, Saghir SAM, Al-Wajeeh AS, Al-Shargi OYA, Taha AE, Mesalam NM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Prebiotics can restrict Salmonella populations in poultry: a review. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1668-1677. [PMID: 33607922 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1883637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics were over the years, the common supplement used for poultry production. There is a global trend to lessen antibiotics' use due to the contamination of consumed meat with antibiotic residues. Also, there is a concern that human treatments might be jeopardized due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Prebiotics are attractive supplements, particularly in poultry production, because of the diversity of their effects, including pH amendments, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the inhibition of pathogens' growth. The commonly used prebiotics are carbohydrate sources that cannot be easily broken down by chickens. However, they can efficiently be utilized by the intestinal tract's microflora. Oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and lactose are non-digestible carbohydrate sources that are typically used in poultry diets as prebiotics. This review covers current applications and prospects for using prebiotics to improve poultry performance and reduce pathogens, particularly Salmonella, in gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omniah A Alshahrani
- Department of Biological Science, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A M Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, AlHussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | | | | | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Nora M Mesalam
- Biological Application Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, Egypt
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Intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and performance in lamb fed with increasing levels of red propolis extract. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:364. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdelnour SA, Dhama K, Swelum AA, Di Cerbo A. Dandelion Herb: Chemical Composition and Use in Poultry Nutrition. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:124-136. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale, also known as dandelion herb, is a popular medicinal
and therapeutic herb used for many years and is mostly raised in Europe, Asia, North
and South America. It contains several nutrients and bioactive substances, especially
the leaves and roots of this herb, which are a rich source of fiber, lecithin, choline, and
micronutrients such as minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, etc., iron) and
vitamins (A, C, K, and B-complex). The root has been commonly used for digestive
and liver problems due to its stimulatory effects on the production of bile and
detoxification functions. The leaves of dandelion have stimulatory functions on the
digestive system and possess diuretic effects. Furthermore, several studies have shown
that dandelion leaves can enhance the growth and productivity of poultry. Various
functions on the intestinal mucosa have been reported, including the effects on the
architecture of villi, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and cellular infiltration. This herb
also has various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory effects, stimulation
of the digestive system and insulin activation, enhancing the metabolism of androgens,
and acting as a probiotic, antiangiogenic, antineoplastic and demulcent. Moreover, the
dandelion herb can treat indigestions and hepatitis B infection. Due to the lack of studies on the effects of dandelion, further research has to be conducted to exploit the
medicinal properties of this herb for its beneficial health impact on humans, pet and
livestock animals (e.g., poultry) nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Zagazig University,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department,Zagazig,Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute,Bareilly,India
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Liu S, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Nie D, Tang W, Li Y. The Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Citrus Essential Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207044. [PMID: 36296637 PMCID: PMC9607008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concerns over the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production has prompted the need to explore the use of natural alternatives such as phytogenic compounds and probiotics. Citrus EOs have the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics in animals. The purpose of this research was to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of five citrus EOs, grapefruit essential oil (GEO), sweet orange EO (SEO), bergamot EO (BEO), lemon EO (LEO) and their active component d-limonene EO (DLEO). The chemical composition of EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities of the EOs on three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Lactobacillus acidophilus) were tested by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone diameter (IZD). The antioxidant activities of EOs were evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS. We found that the active components of the five citrus EOs were mainly terpenes, and the content of d-limonene was the highest. The antibacterial test showed that citrus EOs had selective antibacterial activity, and the LEO had the best selective antibacterial activity. Similarly, the LEO had the best scavenging ability for DPPH radicals, and DLEO had the best scavenging ability for ABTS. Although the main compound of the five citrus EOs was d-limonene, the selective antibacterial and antioxidant activity of them might not be primarily attributed to the d-limonene, but some other compounds’ combined action.
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Effects of Compound Polysaccharides Derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Based on Serum Metabolomics and Cecal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101872. [PMID: 36290595 PMCID: PMC9598874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound polysaccharides derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant function, cecal microbiota and serum metabolomics of broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments: CON group was the basal diet; ANT group was supplemented with Terramycin calcium; LAG group was supplemented with 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides; HAG group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides. The results showed that LAG and HAG supplementation increased growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality compared with the CON group and ANT group and, especially, the effect of LAG treatment was better than HAG. Analysis of cecal microbiota showed that LAG and HAG supplementation altered cecal microbial diversity and composition in broilers. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 193 differential metabolites were identified in CON and LAG groups, which were mainly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways. Moreover, there was a close correlation between serum metabolites, cecal microbiota and phenotypic indicators. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides could improve the growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality of broilers by changing the serum metabolites and cecal microbiota composition.
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Chambless KN, Cornell KA, Crespo R, Snyder WE, Owen JP. Diversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Poultry from Open Environment Farms in the Western-United States of Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1837-1841. [PMID: 35869567 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Open-environment poultry farms that allow chickens to forage outdoors are becoming increasingly common throughout the United States and Europe; however, there is little information regarding the diversity and prevalence of ectoparasites in these farming systems. Eight to 25 birds were captured and surveyed for ectoparasites on each of 17 farms across the states of Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. Among the farms sampled, six louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera & Amblycera) and two parasitic mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata) were collected and identified: Goniodes gigas (Taschenberg, 1879; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on one farm, Menacathus cornutus (Schömmer, 1913; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on one farm, Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on six farms, Lipeurus caponis (Linnaeus, 1758; Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) on five farms, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on nine farms, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) on 11 farms, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778; Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae) on two farms, and Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877; Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) on one farm. The diversity of ectoparasites on these open environment poultry farms highlights a need for additional research on ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in these poultry farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra N Chambless
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin A Cornell
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Lassen B, Helwigh B, Kahl Petersen C, Ellis-Iversen J. Systematic review of products with potential application for use in the control of Campylobacter spp. in organic and free-range broilers. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:24. [PMID: 36076217 PMCID: PMC9461118 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are some of the most important food-borne zoonoses in Europe and broiler meat is considered the main source of Campylobacter infections. Organic and free-range broilers have access to outdoor reservoirs of Campylobacter and are more frequently infected at slaughter than the conventional broiler flocks. Limitations to biosecurity and treatment options in these production types calls for additional solutions. This review examines intervention methods with sufficient strength and quality, which are able to reduce the load of Campylobacter safely and efficiently and discuss their applicability in organic and free-range broiler production. Four different products passed the inclusion criteria and their quality examined: ferric tyrosine chelate, a prebiotic fermentation product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, short-chain fatty acid butyrate coated on microbeads added to feed, and a mix of organic acids added to the drinking water. Though potential candidates for reducing Campylobacter in broilers were identified, there is a lack of large scale intervention studies that demonstrate an effect under field conditions of a free-range broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lassen
- Research Group for Foodborne Pathogens and Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Helwigh
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Channie Kahl Petersen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Kalia VC, Shim WY, Patel SKS, Gong C, Lee JK. Recent developments in antimicrobial growth promoters in chicken health: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155300. [PMID: 35447189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With a continuously increasing human population is an increasing global demand for food. People in countries with a higher socioeconomic status tend to switch their preferences from grains to meat and high-value foods. Their preference for chicken as a source of protein has grown by 70% over the last three decades. Many studies have shown the role of feed in regulating the animal gut microbiome and its impact on host health. The microbiome absorbs nutrients, digests foods, induces a mucosal immune response, maintains homeostasis, and regulates bioactive metabolites. These metabolic activities are influenced by the microbiota and diet. An imbalance in microbiota affects host physiology and progressively causes disorders and diseases. With the use of antibiotics, a shift from dysbiosis with a higher density of pathogens to homeostasis can occur. However, the progressive use of higher doses of antibiotics proved harmful and resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes. As a result, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has been banned. Researchers, regulatory authorities, and managers in the poultry industry have assessed the challenges associated with these restrictions. Research has sought to identify alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for poultry that do not have any adverse effects. Modulating the host intestinal microbiome by regulating dietary factors is much easier than manipulating host genetics. Research efforts have led to the identification of feed additives, including bacteriocins, immunostimulants, organic acids, phytogenics, prebiotics, probiotics, phytoncides, and bacteriophages. In contrast to focusing on one or more of these alternative bioadditives, an improved feed conversion ratio with enhanced poultry products is possible by employing a combination of feed additives. This article may be helpful in future research towards developing a sustainable poultry industry through the use of the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Yong Shim
- Samsung Particulate Matter Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Bonnefous C, Collin A, Guilloteau LA, Guesdon V, Filliat C, Réhault-Godbert S, Rodenburg TB, Tuyttens FAM, Warin L, Steenfeldt S, Baldinger L, Re M, Ponzio R, Zuliani A, Venezia P, Väre M, Parrott P, Walley K, Niemi JK, Leterrier C. Welfare issues and potential solutions for laying hens in free range and organic production systems: A review based on literature and interviews. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:952922. [PMID: 35990274 PMCID: PMC9390482 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.952922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In free-range and organic production systems, hens can make choices according to their needs and desires, which is in accordance with welfare definitions. Nonetheless, health and behavioral problems are also encountered in these systems. The aim of this article was to identify welfare challenges observed in these production systems in the EU and the most promising solutions to overcome these challenges. It is based on a review of published literature and research projects complemented by interviews with experts. We selected EU specific information for welfare problems, however, the selected literature regarding solutions is global. Free range use may increase the risk of infection by some bacteria, viruses and parasites. Preventive methods include avoiding contamination thanks to biosecurity measures and strengthening animals' natural defenses against these diseases which can be based on nutritional means with new diet components such as insect-derived products, probiotics and prebiotics. Phytotherapy and aromatherapy can be used as preventive and curative medicine and vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics and pesticides. Bone quality in pullets and hens prevents keel deviations and is favored by exercise in the outdoor range. Free range use also lead to higher exposure to variable weather conditions and predators, therefore shadow, fences and guard animals can be used to prevent heat stress and predation respectively. Granting a free range provides opportunities for the expression of many behaviors and yet many hens usually stay close to the house. Providing the birds with trees, shelters or attractive plants can increase range use. Small flock sizes, early experiences of enrichment and personality traits have also been found to enhance range use. Severe feather pecking can occur in free range production systems, although flocks using the outdoor area have better plumage than indoors. While many prevention strategies are facilitated in free range systems, the influence of genetics, prenatal and nutritional factors in free range hens still need to be investigated. This review provides information about practices that have been tested or still need to be explored and this information can be used by stakeholders and researchers to help them evaluate the applicability of these solutions for welfare improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Vanessa Guesdon
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, Lille, France
| | | | | | - T. Bas Rodenburg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. M. Tuyttens
- ILVO, Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sanna Steenfeldt
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Martina Re
- AIAB, Associazone Italiana per l'Agricultura Biologica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Zuliani
- Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Venezia
- Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Minna Väre
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Keith Walley
- Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko K. Niemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Christine Leterrier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Christine Leterrier
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The Effects of Purple Corn Pigment on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indices, Meat Quality, Muscle Amino Acids, and Fatty Acids of Growing Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131870. [PMID: 35804685 PMCID: PMC9265630 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of purple corn pigment (PCP) on the growth performance, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, muscle amino acids, and fatty acids of growing chickens. A total of 288 (8 weeks of age) growing Chishui black-bone chickens (body weight, 940 ± 80 g; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly divided into 4 groups using a completely randomized design. The four diet groups were as follows: (1) control, basal diet; (2) treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, which were basal diet with 80, 160, and 240 mg/kg PCP, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the feeding of anthocyanins significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in chickens. Moreover, chickens receiving 80 mg/kg PCP significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albumin concentrations relative to the control group. For meat quality, dietary supplementation with PCP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the drip loss and water loss rate in breast muscle. Additionally, chickens receiving PCP tended to increase (p < 0.05) the levels of most individual amino acids, essential amino acids, and umami amino acids in the muscle. Specifically, the addition of 80 mg/kg PCP significantly improved (p < 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids in chicken muscle. Accordingly, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich PCP by the growing chickens had the potential to increase the growth performance, enhance antioxidant and immune capacities, increase meat quality, and improve essential and umami amino acids as well as unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle.
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Ayalew H, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S, Qiu K, Qi G, Tekeste A, Wassie T, Chanie D. Potential Feed Additives as Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916473. [PMID: 35782570 PMCID: PMC9247512 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to describe the current use scenario, alternative feed additives, modes of action and ameliorative effects in broiler production. Alternative feed additives have promising importance in broiler production due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics. The most used antibiotic alternatives in broiler production are phytogenics, organic acids, prebiotics, probiotics, enzymes, and their derivatives. Antibiotic alternatives have been reported to increase feed intake, stimulate digestion, improve feed efficiency, increase growth performance, and reduce the incidence of diseases by modulating the intestinal microbiota and immune system, inhibiting pathogens, and improving intestinal integrity. Simply, the gut microbiota is the target to raise the health benefits and growth-promoting effects of feed additives on broilers. Therefore, naturally available feed additives are promising antibiotic alternatives for broilers. Then, summarizing the category, mode of action, and ameliorative effects of potential antibiotic alternatives on broiler production may provide more informed decisions for broiler nutritionists, researchers, feed manufacturers, and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Ayalew
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Zhang
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayalsew Tekeste
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Demissie Chanie
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Borotová P, Galovičová L, Vukovic NL, Vukic M, Kunová S, Hanus P, Kowalczewski PŁ, Bakay L, Kačániová M. Role of Litsea cubeba Essential Oil in Agricultural Products Safety: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1504. [PMID: 35684278 PMCID: PMC9182909 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil from Litsea cubeba (LCEO) has good antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-insect properties, which gives it the potential for use as a natural additive to food resources and food products in order to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. In this study the biological activity related to food preservation was observed. The main volatile organic compounds were geranial (39.4%), neral (29.5%), and limonene (14.3%). Antioxidant activity was 30.9%, which was equal to 167.94 µg of Trolox per mL of sample. Antimicrobial activity showed the strongest inhibition against Serratia marcescens by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations MIC 50 and MIC 90 were the lowest for Micrococcus luteus with values 1.46 and 3.52 µL/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the LCEO vapor phase showed strong inhibition of microorganisms on apples, pears, potatoes, and kohlrabies. Over 50% of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were inhibited by a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The inhibition of microorganisms was concentration dependent. Anti-insect activity was also strong, with 100% lethality of Pyrrhocoris apterus at a concentration of 25%. These results suggest that LCEO could be potentially used as a food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borotová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Nenad L. Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Milena Vukic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Simona Kunová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Paweł Hanus
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Technology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ladislav Bakay
- Department of Planting Design and Maintenance, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
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El-Abd NM, Hamouda RA, Al-Shaikh TM, Abdel-Hamid MS. Influence of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using red alga Corallina elongata on broiler chicks’ performance. GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS 2022; 11:238-253. [DOI: 10.1515/gps-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Poultry meat is a great source of protein and provides lots of nutrients such as iodine, iron, zinc, vitamins, and essential fatty acids that humans require. The positive applications of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the diets of various poultry species were studied, in relation to their metabolic, antibacterial effects on digestion and regulation of bowel function. This study was carried out to test the effects of fabrication green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Corallina elongata extract and/or coating NPs with acetic acid on performance, immune response parameters and micro-flora population in Ross broiler. Chicks’ drinking water was mixed with bio-AgNPs (1 mM) and coating NPs with acetic acid for 35 days. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscope were used to determine the partial physiochemical characterizations of bio-AgNPs and coating ones. EDS analysis was used to determine the presence of AgNP in meat. Results confirmed that coating NPs with acetic acid reduced percentage of the micro-flora population, which were detected by VITEK® 2 system (BioMérieux, France) and identified as Pseudomonas orizihabitain 4211210040000210 and Sphinogomonas paucimobilis 5201210040000210. EDS analysis of meat chicks confirmed disappearance of Ag metals. Coating biogenic AgNPs with acetic acid on modulated intestinal microbial populations of the Ross broiler may be safe, and could be used as alternative antibiotics or antibacterial agents besides their physiological performance in small intestines of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat M. El-Abd
- Department of Sustainable Development of Environment, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City , 32897 Sadat City , Six Zone , Egypt
| | - Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts at Khulis , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City , Menoufyia Governorate 22857 , Egypt
| | - Turki M. Al-Shaikh
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts at Khulis , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City , Menoufyia Governorate 22857 , Egypt
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Mohamed TM, Sun W, Bumbie GZ, Elokil AA, Mohammed KAF, Zebin R, Hu P, Wu L, Tang Z. Feeding Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 to Broiler Chickens Enhances Growth Performance and Immune Function by Modulating Intestinal Morphology and Cecum Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798350. [PMID: 35281307 PMCID: PMC8904210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (BS) ATCC19659 on growth performance, biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and cecum microflora in broiler chicks. A total of 600 Arbor 1-day Acres broilers of either sex were allotted to 5 treatments: chicks were fed a corn- and soybean-based diet (CON); chicks were fed basal diet containing 500 mg ZnB/kg (ZnB); chicks were fed basal diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-1); chicks were fed basal diet containing 3 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-3); and chicks were fed basal diet containing 5 × 108 CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-5). Each treatment comprised 6 replicates with 20 birds for each replicate pen. Chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups had higher body weight at the 21st and 42nd days and average daily gain from 1 to 21 days than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Chicks in the BS-5 and ZnB groups had higher serum antioxidant activities and immunity response than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the liver mRNA abundance of GHR, TGF-β, IGF-1, IFN-γ, SOD, CAT, and GPX of chicks in three BS groups and the ileum villus length (μm) of chicks in BS-3 and ZnB groups was increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum of chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups and the crypt depth and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum in the BS-5 and ZnB groups were increased (p < 0.05). The abundance of the Cyanobacteria phyla in the cecum decreased in response to treatment with both BS-ATCC19659 and ZnB groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genera GCA-900066575 (Lachnospiraceae), Anaerofustis, and Papillibacter (Firmicutes phylum) in three BS groups were increased (p < 0.05); The abundance of genus Escherichia–Shigella reduced in the BS-3 group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genus Clostridia_unclassified in ZnB and BS-5 groups was decreased (p < 0.05) of broilers. Generally, Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 as feed additive positively affected growth performance, immunity response, and cecal microflora of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M Mohamed
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gifty Z Bumbie
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Abdelmotaleb A Elokil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | | | - Rao Zebin
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Fathi M, Tanha T, Saeedyan S. Influence of dietary lycopene on growth performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters and mortality in broiler chicken with cold-induced ascites. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:50-60. [PMID: 35255752 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2046451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens exposed to cold environment to induce ascites. Three hundred male chickens were exposed full-day to cold stress (CT, 10°C) starting from day 15 of age until the end of experiment at day 42, while a positive control group (NT, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature (23-25°C). The CT groups (three treatments and five replicates of 20 birds) were as follows: negative control (basal diet, CT) and CT + 200 or 400 mg lycopene per kg diet from 15 to 42 d of age. Results showed that CT without lycopene supplementation caused a reduction of feed intake and weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of lycopene during CT restored the performance to levels of the positive control, lowered the index of right ventricles/total ventricles and ascites mortality. Birds reared under CT had lower serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration than birds reared under the NT environment. With lycopene supplementation, serum MDA level significantly decreased and the activity of SOD and GPx increased. Blood concentration of haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cells were decreased by the highest lycopene supplementation to a level comparable to NT. Moreover, increasing dietary lycopene level suppressed serum concentrations of cholesterol and enhanced high-density lipoproteins levels in blood. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation alleviates adverse effects of cold stress on performance through modulating activity of antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Fathi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Timour Tanha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Bean-Hodgins L, Mohammadigheisar M, Edwards A, Wang C, Barbut S, Kiarie E. Comparative impact of conventional and alternative gut health management programs on growth performance and breast meat quality in broiler chickens raised in commercial and research settings. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cornell KA, Smith OM, Crespo R, Jones MS, Crossley MS, Snyder WE, Owen JP. Prevalence Patterns for Enteric Parasites of Chickens Managed in Open Environments of the Western United States. Avian Dis 2022; 66:60-68. [DOI: 10.1637/21-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Cornell
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Olivia M. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371
| | - Matthew S. Jones
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Michael S. Crossley
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, DE 19716
| | | | - Jeb P. Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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Potential Replacements for Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry: Interactions at the Gut Level and Their Impact on Host Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:145-159. [PMID: 34807441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has a complex, biodiverse microbial community of ~ 9 million bacterial genes plus archaea and fungi that links the host diet to its health. This microbial population contributes to host physiology through metabolite signaling while also providing local and systemic nutrients to multiple organ systems. In a homeostatic state, the host-microbial interaction is symbiotic; however, physiological issues are associated with dysregulated microbiota. Manipulating the microbiota is a therapeutic option, and the concept of adding beneficial bacteria to the intestine has led to probiotic and prebiotic development. The gut microbiome is readily changeable by diet, antibiotics, pathogenic infections, and host- and environmental-dependent events. The intestine performs key roles of nutrient absorption, tolerance of beneficial microbiota, yet responding to undesirable microbes or microbial products and preventing translocation to sterile body compartments. During homeostasis, the immune system is actively preventing or modulating the response to known or innocuous antigens. Manipulating the microbiota through nutrition, modulating host immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, or improving intestinal barrier function has led to novel methods to prevent disease, but also resulted in improved body weight, feed conversion, and carcass yield in poultry. This review highlights the importance of adding different feed additives to the diets of poultry in order to manipulate and enhance health and productivity of flocks.
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Neath C, Portocarero N, Jones C. In vitro susceptibility of swine pathogens to feed additives and active ingredients with potential as antibiotic replacements. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1713-1723. [PMID: 34608714 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The rise in antibiotic resistance requires the reduction of antibiotic use in all sectors. In animal production, many commercial alternatives to antibiotics have been developed for incorporation into feeds, but a lack of evidence on their antibacterial activity limits confidence in their application. We aim to compare the antibacterial activity of feed additives and active ingredients to better understand their usefulness. METHODS AND RESULTS The antibacterial activity of 34 active ingredients and feed additives, including medium- and short-chain organic acids and essential oils, was tested against pure cultures of five bacterial swine pathogens. Antibacterial activity was observed using an agar plug diffusion method and quantified via broth microdilution. A diverse range of antibacterial activities were observed. The highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus suis was exhibited by the C12 monoglyceride (0.49 mg ml-1 ). The monoglyceride of C12 was more effective than C12:0 against Strep. suis, but neither C12:0 nor its monoglyceride showed efficacy against the gram-negative micro-organisms tested. The most active against Escherichia coli were the C6:0 medium-chain organic acids and potassium diformate (1.95 mg ml-1 ). For Salmonella Typhimurium, potassium diformate, sodium diformate, and a blend of C8:0/C10:0 (each 1.96 mg ml-1 ), and for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, eugenol (0.49 mg ml-1 ) showed the most promising activity. CONCLUSIONS We identified broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, such as the C6:0 MCOA, and those with interesting narrow-spectrum activity, notably the killing of Strep. suis by C12 monoglyceride. We have identified additives that show the most promising bioactivity against specific pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We broadly compare a large collection of feed additives and active ingredients for their antibacterial activity against a diverse panel of bacterial swine pathogens. This provides a solid base of evidence which can drive the development of feed supplementation strategies with the aim of reducing dependency on antibiotic use in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Neath
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | | | - Cerith Jones
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Śmiechowska M, Newerli-Guz J, Skotnicka M. Spices and Seasoning Mixes in European Union-Innovations and Ensuring Safety. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102289. [PMID: 34681338 PMCID: PMC8535306 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices are an important group of food products of great importance in nutrition and food technology. They are mainly used to shape the sensory properties of food in gastronomy, in home cooking, and in industry. Ensuring quality and safety is one of the basic tasks of spice producers. The aim of this review is to present the threats to the consumer related to the presence of spices and seasoning mixes in the diet. Therefore, special attention was paid to such risks as excess sodium chloride (and sodium) in spice mixtures, the use of additives influencing the sensory experience, and irregularities in the labeling of spices and seasoning mixes for the presence of additives and allergens. The threats regarding microbiological safety and the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, plant protection products, as well as synthetic fertilizers and undeclared additives are also presented and the issue of adulteration and lack of authenticity of spices and spice mixtures is discussed. Using data from IJHARS planned inspections and notifications registered in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2015-2019, as well as the results of own research, an analysis of the risks caused by herbs and spices was carried out. Strategic activities of companies producing spices focus, among others, on improving production and expanding the commercial offer with new, attractive products. The article reviews product and process innovations in spice mixes and the methods of ensuring safety in this group of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Śmiechowska
- Department of Quality Management, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.-G.)
| | - Joanna Newerli-Guz
- Department of Quality Management, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.N.-G.)
| | - Magdalena Skotnicka
- Department of Commodity Science, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Bacova K, Eglseer KZ, Räuber GK, Chrastinova L, Laukova A, Takacsova M, Simonova MP, Placha I. Effect of Sustained Administration of Thymol on Its Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092595. [PMID: 34573560 PMCID: PMC8470628 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and metabolic path of thymol, a major constituent of Thymus vulgaris L., in the rabbit organism. Oral bioavailability is a key parameter affecting the efficacy of substances, but it is not surprising that it does not correlate satisfactorily with efficacy. The main limitation factors are rate of absorption, metabolism, and excretion processes. In this work, the thymol metabolic path in the rabbit organism was determined for the first time after its sustained oral administration. We confirm intensive absorption of thymol from the gastrointestinal tract; our results point to metabolism and accumulation in kidney tissue and intensive metabolic and excretion processes in the liver. Some metabolic processes were present also after thymol withdrawal. Thymol as a lipophilic substance was found only in trace amounts in fat and muscle tissue as a consequence of its conversion into hydrophilic metabolite and greater elimination in the rabbit organism. This paper highlights the insufficient knowledge of modes of action of plant compounds in animal organisms. Abstract The objective of this study was the detection of thymol in rabbit plasma, tissues, large intestinal content, and faeces. Forty-eight rabbits were divided into control and experimental groups (thymol 250 mg/kg feed). Thymol was administered for 21 days and then withdrawn for 7 days. Concentration of thymol in the intestinal wall (IW) was significantly higher than in plasma (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.05); in the kidneys it was significantly higher than in plasma (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.05) during thymol addition. Thymol in IW was significantly higher than in plasma also after withdrawal (p < 0.01). Significant correlation (rs = −1.000, p < 0.01) between IW and plasma points to the intensive absorption of thymol from the intestine, while the correlation between plasma and liver (rs = 0.786, p < 0.05) indicates intensive biotransformation and excretion processes in liver. Significant correlation between liver and kidney (rs = 0.738, p < 0.05) confirms the intensive metabolism of thymol in the kidney. During the withdrawal period, thymol was detected above trace amounts only in faeces, and was significantly higher than in the colon during both periods (p < 0.01). Results show intensive biotransformation of thymol in the rabbit organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bacova
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.B.); (A.L.); (M.T.); (M.P.S.)
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Karin Zitterl Eglseer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria; (K.Z.E.); (G.K.R.)
| | - Gesine Karas Räuber
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria; (K.Z.E.); (G.K.R.)
| | - Lubica Chrastinova
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Nitra-Lužianky, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Laukova
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.B.); (A.L.); (M.T.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Margareta Takacsova
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.B.); (A.L.); (M.T.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Monika Pogany Simonova
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.B.); (A.L.); (M.T.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Iveta Placha
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.B.); (A.L.); (M.T.); (M.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-792-2969
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Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Mushroom Waste Compost By-Products. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092550. [PMID: 34573516 PMCID: PMC8464814 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of Pennisetum purpureum waste mushroom compost (PWMC) supplementation on microbiota, as well as its effects on the antioxidant capacities and inflammatory response characteristics of broiler chickens. Results showed that a 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC feeds could enhance the health of chickens by maintaining intestinal microbiota balance, improving antioxidant capacities, and decreasing inflammatory response. Supplementation also further increased the appetite of broilers, thereby improving their growth performances. Furthermore, the number of Lactobacillus also increased in the intestinal tracts. High-fiber mushroom waste compost effectively increased the mRNA expression of appetite-related genes in broilers. The broilers’ gut barrier function also increased, while the number of Turicibacter in the cecum decreased. It was concluded that a 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC could enhance intestinal health; therefore, it is recommended for the broiler chickens’ diet. Abstract This study investigated the effects of using mushroom waste compost as the residue medium for Pleurotus eryngii planting, which was used as a feed replacement; its consequent influence on broiler chickens’ intestinal microbiota, anti-inflammatory responses, and anti-oxidative status was likewise studied. A total of 240 male broilers were used and allocated to four treatment groups: the basal diet—control group (corn–soybean); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via FPW (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented PWMC); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PP (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2). Each treatment had three replicates and 20 birds per pen. The levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase mRNA as well as protein increased in the liver and serum in chickens, respectively; mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes were also suppressed 2 to 10 times in all treatments as compared to those in the control group. The tight junction and mucin were enhanced 2 to 10 times in all treatment groups as compared to those in the control, especially in the PWMC group. Nevertheless, the appetite-related mRNA levels were increased in the PWMC and FPW groups by at least two times. In ileum and cecum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in broilers were decreased in the PWMC, FPW, and PP groups. The Lactobacillaceae in the ileum were increased mainly in the PWMC and control groups. Overall, high-fiber feeds (PWMC, FPW, and PP) could enhance the broilers’ health by improving their antioxidant capacities and decreasing their inflammatory response as compared to the control. Based on the results, a 5% replacement of the soybean meal via PWMC is recommended in the broiler chickens’ diet.
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Galamatis D, Papadopoulos GA, Lazari D, Fletouris D, Petridou E, Arsenos GI, Fortomaris P. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. in Organic Laying Hens on Egg Quality, Yolk Oxidative Stability and Eggshell Microbiological Counts. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2502. [PMID: 34573468 PMCID: PMC8467905 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants of Labiatae family are used in poultry diets because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The notion is that hens raised in organic systems face several health and environmental challenges. Hence, the objective here was to assess hens' performances and the quality of their eggs in such systems following a dietary supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. in powder form. The experiments were conducted over two successive years (1 and 2). They lasted 16 weeks each and involved 198 laying hens aged 40 weeks old randomly assigned to three groups: Con (control diet), Sal-0.5%, and Sal-1.0% (diets supplemented with Salvia officinalis L. at 0.5% or 1.0%, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in egg yolks in year 2 were lower in both Sal-0.5% and Sal-1.0% compared to the Con (p < 0.05). The total number of Enterobacteriaceae in eggshells were lower in Sal-1.0% compared to the Con (p < 0.05) in both years. The results suggest that a dietary supplementation of Salvia officinalis L. at 1.0% improves the antioxidant status and reduces the microbial load of eggs produced in organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Galamatis
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO DIMITRA), General Management Assurance of Agricultural Products Quality, Kifissias 33 Str., 54248 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Fletouris
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios I. Arsenos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (G.I.A.); (P.F.)
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