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Sittiya J, Nii T. Effects of oligosaccharides on performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reactions in laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104062. [PMID: 39067127 PMCID: PMC11331963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oligosaccharide extract from bamboo shoot (BOS) on the performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota and immune reaction of laying hens challenged with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Thirty-two White Leghorn hens (480 days old) were divided into 4 groups (8 hens each) with similar mean body weights: C (basal diet), D (basal diet + DSS), B (5 g/kg BOS diet), and BD (5 g/kg BOS diet + DSS). They were administered a single oral dose of 4 mL of distilled water/kg body weight with or without 0.45 g of DSS for 7 consecutive days from the 14th d to the 21st d of the experiment. The important findings were that (1) The egg yolk ratio was decreased by DSS treatment, but it was improved by BOS treatment, which also increased the egg shell ratio. (2) The diversity of intestinal microbiota and relative abundance of 4 bacteria genera were increased by BOS treatment. (3) Intestinal morphology was not affected by DSS and BOS, but the leukocytes accumulation in the liver was increased by DSS treatment and suppressed by BOS treatment. (4) Dietary BOS treatment influenced the mRNA expression of Th-1 and Treg cytokines in the liver and Th-17 cytokines in both intestine and liver of laying hens. These results suggest that BOS may enhance egg quality, Th-1 and Th-17 immune function without causing tissue damage under normal condition, and may suppress the excessive inflammatory responses during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Sittiya
- Faculty of Animal Science and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Phetchaburi 76120, Thailand
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Bełdowska A, Siwek M, Biesek J, Barszcz M, Tuśnio A, Gawin K, Dunisławska A. Impact of in ovo administration of xylo- and mannooligosaccharides on broiler chicken gut health. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104261. [PMID: 39265513 PMCID: PMC11416585 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa creates a connection between the gut microbiota and the host. This study aimed to modify the gut microbiota of broiler chickens by in ovo stimulation with xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and manno-oligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotics and to determine the changes occurring in specific gut segments. Three hundred incubated eggs of Ross 308 broiler chickens on the 12th d of incubation were injected with: saline (control), xylotriose (XOS3), xylotetrose (XOS4), mannotriose (MOS3) or mannotetrose (MOS4). Tissue and digesta samples were collected post-mortem from 8 randomly selected individuals from each group, on d 42 after hatching. Gene expression analysis in the cecum and ileum was performed by RT-qPCR for a panel of genes: innate immune response genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-1β, IFNγ, IFNβ), nutrient sensing and nutrient transport genes (FFAR2, FFAR4, GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT5), host defence peptides (AvBD1, CATHL2), and barrier function genes (MUC6, CLDN1, TJAP). The relative abundance of bacteria was determined by qPCR for individual bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphilla, Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Lactobacillus spp.). Stimulation with prebiotics caused changes in the abundance of bacteria especially Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecum. The abundance of both genera increased in each study group compared to the control group. The highest abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. in the ileum was found in the MOS3 group compared to the control group. There were changes in the XOS4 and MOS3 groups in the expression of: FFAR4, GLUT1, AvBD1, CATHL2, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-17 in the caecum. In conclusion, in ovo administration of prebiotics increased intestinal colonization by bacteria. The prebiotics influenced gene expression levels via changes in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bełdowska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Anna Tuśnio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Kamil Gawin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dunisławska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Tufarelli V, Ghavami N, Nosrati M, Rasouli B, Kadim IT, Suárez Ramírez L, Gorlov I, Slozhenkina M, Mosolov A, Seidavi A, Ayasan T, Laudadio V. The effects of peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.) and chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) in comparison with a prebiotic on productive performance, blood constituents, immunity and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3046-3052. [PMID: 36227283 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2130798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A total of 320 one-day-old broiler chickens were used in a 42-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in comparison with a prebiotic on-growth performance, blood constitutes, immunity and intestinal microflora. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control); control + prebiotic (Fermacto™); control + 0.1% peppermint; control + 0.1% chicory, respectively. A significant (p < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake was found at 21 and 42 days of growth period in broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.1% chicory compared with other groups. Feeding of prebiotic or chicory led to higher (p < 0.05) feed intake. Chickens fed control diet had higher (p < 0.05) abdominal fat compared with the other groups. Serum blood constituents indicated that broilers fed prebiotic or supplemented with peppermint or chicory had reduced (p < 0.05) levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein than control group. Immunity-related parameters showed that chicken fed chicory had lower (p < 0.05) heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio compared with the other groups. Intestinal microflora revealed that chickens fed prebiotic or herbals had higher count of Lactobacillus and lower E. coli than control. Thus, it can be concluded that broiler dietary supplementation with prebiotic or chicory can improve performance supporting positively health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Narjes Ghavami
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Nosrati
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrouz Rasouli
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Isam T Kadim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lourdes Suárez Ramírez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Volga Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Marina Slozhenkina
- Volga Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alexander Mosolov
- Volga Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Kadirli Academy of Applied Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Okrathok S, Sirisopapong M, Mermillod P, Khempaka S. Modified dietary fiber from cassava pulp affects the cecal microbial population, short-chain fatty acid, and ammonia production in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102265. [PMID: 36402043 PMCID: PMC9676379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of modified dietary fiber from cassava pulp (M-DFCP) supplementation in broiler diets on cecal microbial populations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ammonia production, and immune responses. A total of 336, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed over 4 dietary treatments in 7 replicate pens (n = 12 chicks) using a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the control diet and 3 levels of M-DFCP (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) for an experimental duration of 42 d. The M-DFCP contained total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), cello-oligosaccharides (COS), and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) of approximately 280.70, 22.20, 258.50, 23.93, and 157.55 g/kg, respectively. The 1.0 and 1.5% M-DFCP supplementation diets showed positive effects on stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., enhancing SCFAs (acetic, propionic, butyric acid, and branched SCFAs) and lactic acid concentrations during growing periods. Broilers fed 1.0 and 1.5% M-DFCP also exhibited a significant increase in caecal Lactobacillus spp. and lactic acid concentrations during the finisher period as well. In addition, M-DFCP also reduced cecal digesta and excreta ammonia production in broilers over both periods (0-21 and 22-42 d of age). However, M-DFCP did not exhibit any effect on total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) or lysozyme activity. In conclusion, this study shows that M-DFCP can be used as a dietary fiber source in broiler diets, with a recommended level of approximately 1.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Okrathok
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - M. Sirisopapong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - P. Mermillod
- Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors (PRC), UMR085, INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - S. Khempaka
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Corresponding author:
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Characteristics and bioactive properties of agro-waste and yeast derived manno-oligosaccharides. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Li F, He X, Zhang H. Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Intestinal Function in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852545. [PMID: 35433897 PMCID: PMC9011052 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different oligosaccharides on the growth performance and intestinal function in broilers.MethodsA total of 360 1-day-old yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (ANT), 3 g/kg isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), 3 g/kg raffinose oligosaccharide (RFO), and 30 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide (COS). The experiment lasted for 56 days, with 1–28 days as the starter phase and 29–56 days as the grower phase.ResultsThe results showed that dietary supplementation with RFO and COS significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p < 0.05). Relative to the control group, diets supplemented with oligosaccharides dramatically increased the level of serum IgM (RFO, COS), T-SOD (COS), and GSH-Px (IMO and RFO) and the expression of ZO-1(IMO) and claudin-1 (RFO) (p < 0.05). Adding antibiotics or oligosaccharides to the diet could remarkedly increase the villus height and villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio of each group (p < 0.05). Through the ileum α-diversity analysis and comparison of OTU number in each group showed that the microbial richness of the IMO group increased in the starter phase, and that of the RFO and CSO group increased in the grower phase. Additionally, compared with the control group, IMO supplementation increased the level of ileum sIgA (p < 0.05) and the content of valeric acid (p < 0.05) in the cecum.ConclusionsIn summary, the addition of oligosaccharides in diet can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangxi Fufeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
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7
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Phytobiotic potential of Teucrium polium phenolic microcapsules against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gomez-Osorio LM, Nielsen JU, Martens HJ, Wimmer R. Upgrading the Nutritional Value of PKC Using a Bacillus subtilis Derived Monocomponent β-Mannanase. Molecules 2022; 27:563. [PMID: 35056877 PMCID: PMC8781566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. β-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a β-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the β-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger β-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of β-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a β-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Miguel Gomez-Osorio
- Alura Animal Health and Nutrition, Medellín 110921, Colombia;
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Janni Ulnits Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Helle Jakobe Martens
- Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
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Moharreri M, Vakili R, Oskoueian E, Rajabzadeh G. Phytobiotic role of essential oil-loaded microcapsules in improving the health parameters in Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1993093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moharreri
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran,(ABRII), Mashhad, Iran
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Hakim AH, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Awad EA. Feeding fermented palm kernel cake with higher levels of dietary fat improved gut bacterial population and blood lipid concentration but not the growth performance in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1979429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Novozymes Malaysia SdnBhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
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Azizi MN, Loh TC, Foo HL, Teik Chung EL. Is Palm Kernel Cake a Suitable Alternative Feed Ingredient for Poultry? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:338. [PMID: 33572711 PMCID: PMC7911022 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil extracted from palm nuts through expeller press or solvent extraction procedures is one of the highest quantities of locally available and potentially inexpensive agricultural product. PKC provides approximately 14-18% of crude protein (CP), 12-20% crude fiber (CF), 3-9% ether extract (EE), and different amounts of various minerals that feasible to be used as a partial substitute of soybean meal (SBM) and corn in poultry nutrition. Poultry's digestibility is reported to be compromised due to the indigestion of the high fiber content, making PKC potentially low for poultry feeding. Nevertheless, solid-state fermentation (SSF) can be applied to improve the nutritional quality of PKC by improving the CP and reducing CF content. PKC also contains β-mannan polysaccharide, which works as a prebiotic. However, there is a wide variation for the inclusion level of PKC in the broiler diet. These variations may be due to the quality of PKC, its sources, processing methods and value-added treatment. It has been documented that 10-15% of treated PKC could be included in the broiler's diets. The inclusion levels will not contribute to a negative impact on the growth performances and carcass yield. Furthermore, it will not compromise intestinal microflora, morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immune system. PKC with a proper SSF process (FPKC) can be offered up to 10-15% in the diets without affecting broilers' production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naeem Azizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (E.L.T.C.)
- Department of Pre-Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University, Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (E.L.T.C.)
- Institutes of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (E.L.T.C.)
- Institutes of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Long LN, Zhang HH, Wang F, Yin YX, Yang LY, Chen JS. Research Note: Effects of polysaccharide-enriched Acanthopanax senticosus extract on growth performance, immune function, antioxidation, and ileal microbial populations in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101028. [PMID: 33647719 PMCID: PMC7921867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) is a well-known, highly effective traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Polysaccharides extracted from AS (ASPS) have multiple pharmacologic and biological activities with potential use as additives in broiler chicken feed. This trial evaluated the effects of dietary ASPS on growth performance, immune function, antioxidation, and ileal microbial populations in broiler chickens. A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 replicates of 6 chicks and fed a corn- and soybean-based diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4 g/kg ASPS. Compared with the control group, supplementation with 1 g/kg ASPS increased ADG and ADFI in the finisher and overall periods and decreased the feed conversion ratio in the finisher period (both P < 0.05). Serum IgA and IgM were significantly increased by supplementation with 1 and 2 g/kg of ASPS (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased and malondialdehyde concentration was decreased in birds fed ASPS-supplemented diets compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Polysaccharides extracted from AS supplementation increased Lactobacillus and decreased Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts in the ileal contents compared with the control diet (both P < 0.05). The results show that dietary ASPS improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity and stimulated the growth of beneficial gut bacteria in broiler chickens. In conclusion, ASPS was effective as a natural additive in broiler chicken feed; 1 g/kg can be considered as the optimum dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - H H Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - F Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Y X Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - L Y Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - J S Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
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Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010181. [PMID: 33466662 PMCID: PMC7828824 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The inclusion of agricultural co-products has been increased to utilize the nutrients in these products available at low cost, but inherently, it adds a high dietary fiber content in the poultry diets. The use of exogenous feed enzymes along with advancements in feed milling, feed formulation, and processing of these non-conventional ingredients to improve their digestibility and utilization have played an emphatic role in boosting their use globally. Despite such developments, the presence of a high level of dietary fibers (DF) acting in an anti-nutritive manner still poses challenges in poultry feeding. Various isolated forms of fiber or feed enzymes to break DF into fermentable substrates are being used extensively to provide potential prebiotics to support beneficial gut microbiota or probiotics to improve the gut health of poultry raised without antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This review reports and discusses the existing challenges in feeding high-DF feed ingredients to poultry and the opportunities that are available to improve the nutritive value of such non-conventional feed ingredients by adopting various technologies. Abstract Many fibrous ingredients incorporated in poultry feed to reduce production costs have low digestibility and cause poor growth in poultry. However, all plant-based fibers are not equal, and thus exert variable physiological effects on the birds, including but not limited to, digestibility, growth performance, and microbial fermentation. Several types of fibers, especially oligosaccharides, when supplemented in poultry diets in isolated form, exhibit prebiotic effects by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota, modulating gut immunity, boosting intestinal mucosal health, and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the gut. Recently, poultry producers are also facing the challenge of limiting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed. In addition to other alternatives in use, exogenous non-starch polysaccharides digesting enzymes (NSPase) and prebiotics are being used to provide substrates to support the gut microbiome. We also conducted a meta-analysis of different studies conducted in similar experimental conditions to evaluate the variability and conclusiveness in effects of NSPase on growth performance of broilers fed fibrous ingredients. This review presents a holistic approach in discussing the existing challenges of incorporating high-fiber ingredients in poultry feed, as well as strategies to fully utilize the potential of such ingredients in improving feed efficiency and gut health of poultry.
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Foo RQ, Ahmad S, Lai KS, Idrus Z, Yusoff K, Liang JB. Palm Kernel Cake Oligosaccharides Acute Toxicity and Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels Using a Zebrafish Larvae Model. Front Physiol 2020; 11:555122. [PMID: 33071816 PMCID: PMC7541901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.555122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the beneficial effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) is their anti-inflammatory effects on host animals. While conventional animal studies require that analysis be done after samples have been taken from the host, zebrafish larvae are optically transparent upon hatching and this provides an opportunity for observations to be made within the living zebrafish larvae. This study aimed to take advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish larvae to study the nitric oxide (NO) reducing effects of NDOs through the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) to induce cardiac NO production. Prior to running the above experiment, an acute toxicity assay was conducted in order to determine the appropriate concentration of oligosaccharides to be used. The oligosaccharides tested consisted of oligosaccharides which were extracted from palm kernel cake with a degree of polymerization (DP) equal to or less than six (OligoPKC), commercial mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and commercial fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Acute toxicity test results revealed that the OligoPKC has a LC50 of 488.1 μg/ml while both MOS and FOS were non-toxic up to 1,000 μg/ml. Results of the in vivo NO measurements revealed that all three NDOs were capable of significantly reducing NO levels in LPS stimulated zebrafish embryos. In summary, at 250 μg/ml, OligoPKC was comparable to MOS and better than FOS at lowering NO in LPS induced zebrafish larvae. However, at higher doses, OligoPKC appears toxic to zebrafish larvae. This implies that the therapeutic potential of OligoPKC is limited by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing Foo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dai L, Sahin O, Grover M, Zhang Q. New and alternative strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. Transl Res 2020; 223:76-88. [PMID: 32438073 PMCID: PMC7423705 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an enteric pathogen and a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. It is widely distributed in food animal species and is transmitted to humans primarily through the foodborne route. While generally causing self-limited diarrhea in humans, Campylobacter may induce severe or systemic infections in immunocompromised or young/elderly patients, which often requires antibiotic therapy with the first-line antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and macrolides. Over the past decades, Campylobacter has acquired resistance to these clinically significant antibiotics, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. To address this concern, many studies have been conducted to advance novel and alternative measures to control antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs and in the human host. Although some of these undertakings have yielded promising results, efficacious and reliable alternative approaches are yet to be developed. In this review article, we will describe Campylobacter-associated disease spectrums and current treatment options, discuss the state of antibiotic resistance and alternative therapies, and provide an evaluation of various approaches that are being developed to control Campylobacter infections in animal reservoirs and the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States 50011
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States 55902
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine.
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Zhang H, Pan S, Zhang K, Michiels J, Zeng Q, Ding X, Wang J, Peng H, Bai J, Xuan Y, Su Z, Bai S. Impact of Dietary Manganese on Intestinal Barrier and Inflammatory Response in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050757. [PMID: 32443502 PMCID: PMC7285304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing concern for public health and food safety has prompted a special interest in developing nutritional strategies for removing waterborne and foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella. Strong links between manganese (Mn) and intestinal barrier or immune function hint that dietary Mn supplementation is likely to be a promising approach to limit the loads of pathogens in broilers. Here, we provide evidence that Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, 4 × 108 CFUs) challenge-induced intestinal injury along with systemic Mn redistribution in broilers. Further examining of the effect of dietary Mn treatments (a basal diet plus additional 0, 40, or 100 mg Mn/kg for corresponding to Mn-deficient, control, or Mn-surfeit diet, respectively) on intestinal barrier and inflammation status of broilers infected with S. Typhimurium revealed that birds fed the control and Mn-surfeit diets exhibited improved intestinal tight junctions and microbiota composition. Even without Salmonella infection, dietary Mn deficiency alone increased intestinal permeability by impairing intestinal tight junctions. In addition, when fed the control and Mn-surfeit diets, birds showed decreased Salmonella burdens in cecal content and spleen, with a concomitant increase in inflammatory cytokine levels in spleen. Furthermore, the dietary Mn-supplementation-mediated induction of cytokine production was probably associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pathway, as judged by the enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase activity and the increased H2O2 level in mitochondria, together with the increased mRNA level of NF-κB in spleen. Ingenuity-pathway analysis indicated that acute-phase response pathways, T helper type 1 pathway, and dendritic cell maturation were significantly activated by the dietary Mn supplementation. Our data suggest that dietary Mn supplementation could enhance intestinal barrier and splenic inflammatory response to fight against Salmonella infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Shuqin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yue Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhuowei Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-86290922
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Csernus B, Biró S, Babinszky L, Komlósi I, Jávor A, Stündl L, Remenyik J, Bai P, Oláh J, Pesti-Asbóth G, Czeglédi L. Effect of Carotenoids, Oligosaccharides and Anthocyanins on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters and Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E347. [PMID: 32098265 PMCID: PMC7070938 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carotenoid, oligosaccharide and anthocyanin supplementation in broiler diets under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ross 308 chickens were fed 5 diets: basal diet (control diet), diet supplemented with β-glucan in 0.05% (positive control) and diets with 0.5% carotenoid-, oligosaccharide- or anthocyanin contents. On the 26th days of age, chickens were challenged intraperitoneally 2 mg LPS per kg of body weight. 12 h after injection, birds were euthanized, then spleen and ileum samples were collected. LPS induced increased relative mRNA expression of splenic (p = 0.0445) and ileal (p = 0.0435) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which was lower in the spleen in carotenoid (p = 0.0114), oligosaccharide (p = 0.0497) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0303)-treated chickens compared to LPS-injected control birds. Dietary supplementation of carotenoids also decreased relative gene expression of splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.0325). In the ileum, β-glucan supplementation showed lower relative mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) (p = 0.0387) compared to anthocyanin treatment. Gene expression of both splenic and ileal interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) were not influenced by dietary supplements. In conclusion, carotenoids, oligosaccharides and anthocyanins could partially mitigate the immune stress caused by LPS challenge. All of the compounds impacted longer villus height (p < 0.0001), villus height:crypt depth ratios were higher after β-glucan (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0063) supplementations and thickened mucosa was observed in β-glucan (p < 0.0001), oligosaccharide (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.048) treatments. All of these findings could represent a more effective absorption of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Microbiomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Babinszky
- Department of Feed and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Komlósi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - András Jávor
- Department of Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - János Oláh
- Farm and Regional Research Institute of Debrecen, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Georgina Pesti-Asbóth
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Foo RQ, Jahromi MF, Chen WL, Ahmad S, Lai KS, Idrus Z, Liang JB. Oligosaccharides from Palm Kernel Cake Enhances Adherence Inhibition and Intracellular Clearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E255. [PMID: 32075189 PMCID: PMC7074813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a foodborne pathogen often associated with contaminated poultry products. This study evaluated the anti-adherence and intracellular clearance capability of oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of the palm oil industry, and compared its efficacy with commercial prebiotics- fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-against S. Enteritidis in vitro. Based on the degree of polymerization (DP), PKC oligosaccharides were further divided into 'Small' (DP ≤ 6) and 'Big' (DP > 6) fractions. Results showed that the Small and Big PKC fractions were able to reduce (p < 0.05) S. Enteritidis adherence to Cancer coli-2 (Caco-2) cells at 0.1 mg/ mL while MOS and FOS showed significant reduction at 1.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of S. Enteritidis clearance, oligosaccharide-treated macrophages showed better S. Enteritidis clearance over time at 50 µg/mL for Small, Big and MOS, while FOS required a concentration of 500 µg/mL for a similar effect. This data highlights that oligosaccharides from PKC, particularly those of lower DP, were more effective than MOS and FOS at reducing S. Enteritidis adherence and enhancing S. Enteritidis clearance in a cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing Foo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
- Arianabiotech co. No 118, Parsian Industrial Zone, Mashad 9354195366, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, UAE;
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
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In ovo Injection of a Galacto-Oligosaccharide Prebiotic in Broiler Chickens Submitted to Heat-Stress: Impact on Transcriptomic Profile and Plasma Immune Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121067. [PMID: 31810282 PMCID: PMC6940861 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic in ovo injected on intestinal transcriptome and plasma immune parameters of broiler chickens kept under thermoneutral (TN) or heat stress (HS) conditions. Fertilized Ross 308 eggs were injected in ovo with 0.2 mL physiological saline without (control, CON) or with 3.5 mg of GOS (GOS). Three-hundred male chicks/injection treatment (25 birds/pen) were kept in TN or HS (30 °C) conditions during the last growing phase, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. At slaughter, from 20 birds/injection group (half from TN and half from HS), jejunum and cecum were collected for transcriptome analysis, and plasma was collected. No differences in plasma parameters (IgA and IgG, serum amyloid) and no interaction between injection treatment and environment condition were found. GOS-enriched gene sets related to energetic metabolism in jejunum, and to lipid metabolism in cecum, were involved in gut barrier maintenance. A homogeneous reaction to heat stress was determined along the gut, which showed downregulation of the genes related to energy and immunity, irrespective of in ovo treatment. GOS efficacy in counteracting heat stress was scarce after ten days of environmental treatment, but the in ovo supplementation modulates group of genes in jejunum and cecum of broiler chickens.
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Kim SA, Jang MJ, Kim SY, Yang Y, Pavlidis HO, Ricke SC. Potential for Prebiotics as Feed Additives to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter Establishment in the Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30804900 PMCID: PMC6371025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter as an inhabitant of the poultry gastrointestinal tract has proven to be difficult to reduce with most feed additives. In-feed antibiotics have been taken out of poultry diets due to the negative reactions of consumers along with concerns regarding the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Consequently, interest in alternative feed supplements to antibiotics has grown. One of these alternatives, prebiotics, has been examined as a potential animal and poultry feed additive. Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients by host enzymes that enhance growth of indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria that elicit metabolic characteristics considered beneficial to the host and depending on the type of metabolite, antagonistic to establishment of pathogens. There are several carbohydrate polymers that qualify as prebiotics and have been fed to poultry. These include mannan-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides as the most common ones marketed commercially that have been used as feed supplements in poultry. More recently, several other non-digestible oligosaccharides have also been identified as possessing prebiotic properties when implemented as feed supplements. While there is evidence that prebiotics may be effective in poultry and limit establishment of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract, less is known about their impact on Campylobacter. This review will focus on the potential of prebiotics to limit establishment of Campylobacter in the poultry gastrointestinal tract and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Chen WL, Jahromi MF, Candyrine SCL, Liang JB, Abdullah N, Idrus Z. Enzymatic hydrolysis drastically reduces fibre content of palm-kernel expeller, but without enhancing performance in broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis of palm-kernel expeller (PKE) is dependent on various factors that influence the stability and functionality of the enzymes. In the present study, parameters influencing the enzymatic treatment of PKE were optimised employing response surface methodology. In addition, the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysed PKE in increasing inclusion rates in broiler diets was evaluated. Results showed that temperature, enzyme concentration and duration of hydrolysis had significant (P < 0.01) effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of PKE. Using the crude enzyme produced by Aspergillus terreus K1 isolated in our laboratory, maximum reduction of crude fibre (40%) was achieved by fermenting the PKE at 60% initial moisture with 9.0 U/g PKE mannanase at 51°C for 18 h, with the production of 9.9% (w/w) of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Results of the growth-performance study indicated that inclusion rate of PKE with or without enzyme treatment in broiler diet is 5% for starter period and 20% for the finisher diet, without any detrimental effect on animal performance. Although the inclusion rate of enzyme-treated PKE can be increased to 30% without affecting average daily gain, feed conversion ratio of the birds will be compromised.
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Effects of Using Artemisia annua Leaves, Probiotic Blend, and Organic Acids on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:120-127. [PMID: 32055206 PMCID: PMC7005408 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate and compare the effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic, and organic acid on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. In total, 288 Hy-Line W-36 commercial layers (32 weeks old) were divided into six groups with six replicates per group (eight birds per replicate) and were fed one of six experimental diets. The hens were fed either a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% A. annua leaves (AA1), 5% A. annua leaves (AA2), 7.5% A. annua leaves (AA3), 0.1% probiotic (Pro), and 0.005% organic acid (Org), respectively. The experiment lasted 10 weeks. Results showed that there were differences in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups (P<0.05). The highest yolk color index and shell thickness were observed in hens fed AA3 and AA2 diets (P<0.05). Egg yolk cholesterol was decreased (P<0.01) by the diet containing AA3 and Pro compared to the other groups. The atherogenic index was lower (P<0.01) in the plasma of hens fed AA3 than those in other groups. The glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in layers fed AA3 were lower and higher (P<0.05), respectively, than in layers fed the other diets. Moreover, the concentration of plasma cholesterol was decreased (P<0.05) in layers fed AA3 and Pro. In conclusion, feeding laying hens with A. annua leaves positively influenced the plasma antioxidant status, and the dietary inclusion of A. annua leaves plus a probiotic significantly decreased the egg yolk cholesterol, with no adverse effect on the egg productive traits.
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Ding XM, Li DD, Bai SP, Wang JP, Zeng QF, Su ZW, Xuan Y, Zhang KY. Effect of dietary xylooligosaccharides on intestinal characteristics, gut microbiota, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and plasma immune parameters of laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:874-881. [PMID: 29294100 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prebiotic effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on intestinal characteristics, gut microbiota, cecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma calcium metabolism, and immune parameters of laying hens. A total of 1,080 White Lohmann laying hens (28 wk of age) was assigned to 6 dietary treatments that included XOS at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, or 0.05% for 8 weeks. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 10 cages (3 birds/cage). Blood, intestinal tissues, and cecal digesta samples were collected from chickens at the end of the experiment. Villus height, crypt depth, the villus to crypt (VH: CD) ratio, and the relative length of different intestinal sections were evaluated. Additionally, the number of microorganisms and the content of short-chain fatty acids in cecal digesta samples were determined. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were also determined. The results showed that villus height and the VH: CD ratio of the jejunum were increased (linear, P < 0.01) with the increase in dietary XOS concentration, and the relative length of the jejunum (P = 0.03) was increased significantly in XOS diets. Dietary supplementation of XOS significantly increased (linear, P < 0.01) the number of Bifidobacteria in the cecum; however, total bacteria count, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in the cecum were not affected by XOS supplementation. In addition, inclusion of XOS increased (linear, P < 0.01) the content of butyrate in the cecum; and the content of acetic acid showed a linear increasing trend (P = 0.053) with increasing concentration of XOS in the diets. Supplementation with XOS increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) the content of 1,25(OH)2D3 in plasma. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the content of CT and PTH among dietary treatments. Furthermore, dietary XOS increased contents of IgA (linear, P < 0.05), TNF-α (linear, P < 0.05), IgM (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05), and IL-2 (quadratic, P < 0.05). Taken together, it was suggested that supplemental XOS can enhance the intestinal health and immune function of laying hens by positively influencing the intestinal characteristics, gut microbiota, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - D D Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, China, Ya'an, 625014
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Zhang C, Zhao XH, Yang L, Chen XY, Jiang RS, Jin SH, Geng ZY. Resveratrol alleviates heat stress-induced impairment of intestinal morphology, microflora, and barrier integrity in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4325-4332. [PMID: 29053872 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on intestinal morphology, microfloras, and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress. Two-hundred-seventy 21-day-old Cobb male broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups, each of which included 6 replicates with 15 birds per replicate. The 3 treatment groups were as follows: the control group, in which birds were exposed to thermoneutral condition (22 ± 1°C), and the heat stress group and heat stress + resveratrol (400 mg/kg) group, in which birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress (33 ± 1°C for 10 h/d from 0800 to 1800 h and 22 ± 1°C for the remaining time. Compared with birds in the control group, birds in the heat stress group exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, goblet cells numbers, populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and mRNA levels of mucin-2, claudin-1, occludin, zona occludens-1, and E-cadherin, and increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth, serum D-lactic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran contents and diamine oxidase activity, and populations of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium. Compared with birds in the heat stress group, birds in the heat stress + resveratrol group exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) crypt depth, serum D-lactic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran contents, and populations of Escherichia coli, and increased (P < 0.05) final body weight, villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, goblet cells numbers, populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and mRNA levels of mucin-2, claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin. Taken together, these results indicated for the first time that dietary addition of resveratrol was effective in partially ameliorating the adverse effects of heat stress on intestinal barrier function in broilers by restoring the impaired villus-crypt structure, modifying the profiles of intestinal microfloras, and altering the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junctions- and adherence junctions-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - X H Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - X Y Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - R S Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - S H Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Z Y Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A. Current Perspectives of the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Microbiome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:131-139. [PMID: 30026889 PMCID: PMC6047366 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens are essential for the gut homeostasis, the host metabolism and affect the animals' physiology and health. They play an important role in nutrient digestion, pathogen inhibition and interact with the gut-associated immune system. Throughout the last years high-throughput sequencing technologies have been used to analyze the bacterial communities that colonize the different sections of chickens' gut. The most common methodologies are targeted amplicon sequencing followed by metagenome shotgun sequencing as well as metaproteomics aiming at a broad range of topics such as dietary effects, animal diseases, bird performance and host genetics. However, the respective analyses are still at the beginning and currently there is a lack of information in regard to the activity and functional characterization of the gut microbial communities. In the future, the use of multi-omics approaches may enhance research related to chicken production, animal and also public health. Furthermore, combinations with other disciplines such as genomics, immunology and physiology may have the potential to elucidate the definition of a "healthy" gut microbiota.
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Awad EA, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Bello AU, Jahromi MF. Growth performance, duodenal morphology and the caecal microbial population in female broiler chickens fed glycine-fortified low protein diets under heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:340-348. [PMID: 29433333 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1440377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of feeding glycine (Gly)-fortified low protein (LP) diets on the growth performance, duodenal morphology and caecal microbial populations of broiler chickens raised under unheated, cyclic or constant heat stress environmental conditions. 2. From d 1 to 21 (starter phase), an equivalent number of birds were fed either a normal protein (NP) diet or a LP diet fortified with Gly. From d 22 to 42 (grower phase), an equivalent number of birds from each starter diet were distributed to one of the following dietary groups: (i) an NP diet during the starter and grower phases (NPNP), (ii) an NP diet during the starter phase and a LP diet during the grower phase (NPLP), (iii) an LP diet during the starter phase and an NP diet during the grower phase (LPNP) or (iv) LP diets during both phases (LPLP). 3. Commencing from d 22, an equivalent number of birds from each dietary group were exposed to (i) 23 ± 1°C throughout (unheated), (ii) 34 ± 1°C for 7 h each day from 10:00 to 17:00 (cyclic heat) or (iii) 34 ± 1°C throughout (constant heat). 4. Feeding the LP diet during the starter phase resulted in feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and energy efficiency ratios (EER) similar to those for the NP diet. The birds fed the LP diet had a significantly higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared with the birds fed the NP diet. 5. During the grower phase, there were significant diet × temperature interactions for F, WG, FCR, PER, EER, villus height, crypt depth and caecal Clostridia. The birds fed the NPLP and LPLP diets had lower FI, WG and EER, higher FCR, shorter villus height and crypt depth and higher caecal Clostridia compared with the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets under constant heat stress. However, feeding birds the NPLP and LPLP diets resulted in FI, WG, EER, FCR, morphology parameters and caecal Clostridia equivalent to the birds fed LPNP and NPNP diets, as well as improved PER, under unheated and cyclic heat stress conditions. 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that Gly-fortified LP diets can be fed to broilers under normal and acute heat stress environmental conditions without any adverse effects on performance. However, the use of such LP diets can be detrimental to broilers under chronic heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Awad
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,b Department of Poultry Production , University of Khartoum , Khartoum North , Sudan
| | - Z Idrus
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,c Department of Animal Science , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,d Halal Products Research Institute , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - A Soleimani Farjam
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - A U Bello
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - M F Jahromi
- a Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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27
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Kogut M. Issues and consequences of using nutrition to modulate the avian immune response. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Salajegheh MH, Yousef Elahi M, Salarmoini M. Evaluating the nutritional value of date pits and demonstrating their application in laying hen diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e777-e786. [PMID: 29143376 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the feeding value of ground date pits (DP) (Phoenix dactylifera L.) with and without enzyme supplementation on laying hens' performance. Apparent metabolizable energy value of DP was determined by the total collection method using 10 adult Leghorn cockerels. After that, a total number of 144 Lohmann 50-week-old LSL-Lite hens were randomly allocated into six groups consisting of four replicates of six birds, based on a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments. Six iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets including I-corn-soya bean meal-based control, II-corn-soya bean meal oil-based control and III- corn-soya bean meal-based diet (180 g/kg DP) were formulated. Each of the diets was supplemented with two levels of an enzyme (0.0 and 0.07 g/kg Natozim Plus). The experiment lasted 10 weeks after 7 days of adaptation. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg mass, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness and Haugh unit among the treatments. Dietary inclusion of DP significantly decreased body weight gain (BWG), egg weight and yolk colour score. On the other hand, corn-soya bean meal-based control diet with vegetable oil significantly increased egg weight and BWG of birds in comparison with other treatments. The serum biochemical metabolites were not affected by DP and enzyme supplementation. Thus, DP can be used as alternative feedstuff in laying hen diets, up to 18% of the diet with little effect on the performance of hens, including egg weight, and also, it had an adverse effect on yolk colour. Eventually, in terms of performance, the results failed to demonstrate any positive effect of Natozim Plus on either the controls or 18% DP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Salajegheh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - M Yousef Elahi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - M Salarmoini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Hughes RA, Ali RA, Mendoza MA, Hassan HM, Koci MD. Impact of Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharide (GOS) on Chicken's Gut Microbiota, Mucosal Gene Expression, and Salmonella Colonization. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:192. [PMID: 29181381 PMCID: PMC5693913 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing Salmonella colonization in young birds is key to reducing contamination of poultry products for human consumption (eggs and meat). While several Salmonella vaccines have been developed that are capable of yielding high systemic antibodies, it is not clear how effective these approaches are at controlling or preventing Salmonella colonization of the intestinal tract. Effective alternative control strategies are needed to help supplement the bird’s ability to prevent Salmonella colonization, specifically by making the cecum less hospitable to Salmonella. In this study, we investigated the effect of the prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on the cecal microbiome and ultimately the carriage of Salmonella. Day-old pullet chicks were fed control diets or diets supplemented with GOS (1% w/w) and then challenged with a cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Changes in cecal tonsil gene expression, cecal microbiome, and levels of cecal and extraintestinal Salmonella were assessed at 1, 4, 7, 12, and 27 days post infection. While the Salmonella counts were generally lower in the GOS-treated birds, the differences were not significantly different at the end of the experiment. However, these data demonstrated that treatment with the prebiotic GOS can modify both cecal tonsil gene expression and the cecal microbiome, suggesting that this type of treatment may be useful as a tool for altering the carriage of Salmonella in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca-Ayme Hughes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Riawana A Ali
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary A Mendoza
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hosni M Hassan
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Matthew D Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Shokryazdan P, Jahromi MF, MD Saadand S, Ebrahimi M, Idrus Z, Zhou H, Diao XP, Liang JB. Chinese Herbal Medicines as Potential Agents for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Poultry. SCIENTIFICA 2017; 2017:8208261. [PMID: 29209556 PMCID: PMC5676482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8208261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects the productivity of chickens in commercial poultry farms in humid tropics. In this study, the concentrations and types of the antioxidant compounds of eight Chinese herbal medicines, which have previously demonstrated promising effects on suppressing heat stress as a mixture, were investigated using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, and Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Our results provided the levels of phenolic compounds, total amounts of sugars, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the herbal extracts. Apart from the detection and quantification of the active ingredients of herbs that have the potential to mitigate heat stress in poultry, results of this study also provide useful data for developing an efficient and accurate formulation of the herbs' mixtures in order to induce positive effects against heat stress in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Salwani MD Saadand
- Halal Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hailong Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Ping Diao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Faseleh Jahromi M, Shokryazdan P, Idrus Z, Ebrahimi R, Liang JB. In Ovo and dietary administration of oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake influence general health of pre- and neonatal broiler chicks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184553. [PMID: 28880894 PMCID: PMC5589242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the main byproduct from the palm oil industry in several tropical countries that contains considerable amounts of oligosaccharide. We earlier demonstrated beneficial prebiotic effects of oligosaccharides extract of PKC (OligoPKC) in starter and finisher broiler birds. This study was envisaged to elucidate the effects of in ovo and/or oral administration of the OligoPKC on prenatal and post-hatched broiler chicks. A total of 140 broiler (Cobb500) eggs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 70 each), and on day 12 of incubation, eggs in one group received in ovo injection of 0.1 mL (containing 20 mg) of OligoPKC, while those in the other group received 0.1 mL of saline (placebo) solution. Of these in ovo placebo or OligoPKC injected eggs, after hatching, six chicks from each group were sampled for day-one analysis, while 48 chicks from each group were randomly allocated to two dietary regimes involving either no feeding or feeding of OligoPKC through basal diet for a 14 days experiment forming the experimental groups as: (i) saline-injected (Control, C), (ii) OligoPKC-injected (PREBovo), (iii) saline-injected, but fed 1% OligoPKC (PREBd), and (iv) OligoPKC-injected and also 1% OligoPKC (PREBovo+d). In ovo injection of prebiotic OligoPKC had no effect on body weight and serum immunoglobulins concentrations of day old chicks, except for IgG, which was increased significantly (P<0.05). Body weight and feed conversion ratio of 14 days old chicks were neither affected by in ovo injection nor feeding of OligoPKC. However, populations of cecal total bacteria and major beneficial bacteria of the chicks were markedly enhanced by feeding of OligoPKC (PREBd and PREBovo+d > C and PREBovo), but lesser influenced by in ovo OligoPKC injection. Irrespective of its prior in ovo exposure, chicks fed OligoPKC diets had lower population of pathogenic bacteria. Overall serum immunoglobulin status of birds was improved by feeding of OligoPKC but in ovo OligoPKC injection had minor effect on that. In most cases, in ovo OligoPKC injection and feeding of OligoPKC reduced the expression of nutrient transporters in the intestine and improved antioxidant capacity of liver and serum. It is concluded that in ovo injection of OligoPKC increased IgG production and antioxidant capacity in serum and liver of prenatal chicks and had limited carrying-over effects on the post-hatched chicks comparing to the supplementary feeding of OligoPKC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rohollah Ebrahimi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:26-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.
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Kareem K, Loh T, Foo H, Asmara S, Akit H. Influence of postbiotic RG14 and inulin combination on cecal microbiota, organic acid concentration, and cytokine expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:966-975. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Controlling of growth performance, lipid deposits and fatty acid composition of chicken meat through a probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii during subclinical Clostridium perfringens infection. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:38. [PMID: 28183305 PMCID: PMC5301419 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat is considered as a major source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which is essential for humans, therefore its lipid level and fatty acid composition have drawn great attention. As no clinical sign can be found in chicks subclinically infected by Clostridium perfringens (CP), the meat may be purchased and eaten. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Lactobacillus johnsonii (LJ) can control the CP-caused impact on growth, lipid levels, fatty acid composition and other flavor or nutritional quality in the meat. Methods 480 one-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and fed with basal diet (control and CP group). Supplemented with 1 × 105 (L-LJ) and 1 × 106 (H-LJ) colony-forming unit (cfu), CP diet was fed for 42 days. From day 19 to 22, birds of CP and LJ groups were administered with CP twice per day and the control was administered with liver broth. Results LJ-treated chickens were free from negative influences on growth performance and significant decrease of abdominal fat deposit., LJ inhibited CP-caused shearing force and drip loss increase and pH 40 min and 24 h decrease after sacrifice. In addition, LJ exhibited a positive effect on muscle lipid peroxidation by significantly increasing SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity and decreasing MDA level. Besides, LJ attenuated the decrease of intramuscular fat, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents caused by CP infection. However, levels of total protein and most of amino acids were not changed. CP infection decreased C18:3n-3 (α-LA), C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3(EPA), C22:4n-6, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3(DHA), total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio and increased C14:0, total SFA and n-6:n-3 ratio. LJ was found to protect the muscle from these changes. Meanwhile, the 28-day gut permeability level was higher in CP group. Conclusions These findings suggest that CP may affect the growth performance of chicks and negatively influence lipid content and fatty acid composition in chicken meat. Meanwhile, LJ treatment may be effective in controlling these changes by reducing the increased gut permeability caused by CP subclinical infection.
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Seidavi A, Dadashbeiki M, Alimohammadi-Saraei MH, van den Hoven R, Payan-Carreira R, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Effects of dietary inclusion level of a mixture of probiotic cultures and enzymes on broiler chickens immunity response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4637-4644. [PMID: 27966084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to analyse the effect of a mixture of probiotic cultures and enzymes (Probio Enzyme, XVET GmbH, Germany) on the immune response and weight of central lymphoid organs and liver in broilers. A total of 270 male chickens were randomly divided into nine groups, with three replicates of 10 birds each. Treatment groups were fed for either 22 or 42 days with different levels of Probio Enzyme 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/ton, whereas the control group fed a basal diet without Probio Enzyme. To analyse the effects of dietary supplementation on broilers humoral immune response, the antibodies titres for avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and to the sheep red blood cells (SRBC) challenge were assayed in birds from each experimental unit, along with the assessment of the weight of the main lymphoid organs and liver. The addition of the Probio Enzyme mixture did not significantly affect the titres of the antibodies against AI and NDV at day 42, despite the wide individual variation observed specially on the antibody titres at day 33. Treatments affected the production of IgG after the second challenge with SRBC (P = 0.003), which was transposed to the correspondent total Ig titres (P = 0.044). Conversely, a lower birds' body weight (BW) was found in the majority of treated groups compared to control (P = 0.031). The spleen was the only lymphoid organ showing differences in the absolute and relative weight (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). No differences were found in thymus and Bursa of Fabricius weights. In conclusion, broilers treated with Probio Enzyme showed a satisfactory immune response compared with control, despite the wide variation found after the first vaccine challenge against AI. Moreover, the probiotic mixture dose and duration modulated differently the immune response and the spleen weight, unaffecting the central lymphoid organs weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dadashbeiki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - René van den Hoven
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Payan-Carreira
- Department of Zootechnics, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre - CECAV, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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