1
|
Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Sahin K. Understanding Cr(III) Action on Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and AMPK Efficacy: Insights from Previous Studies-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1325-1334. [PMID: 38105318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium supplementation has been notably recognized for its potential health benefits, especially in enhancing insulin sensitivity and managing glucose metabolism. However, recent studies have begun to shed light on additional mechanisms of action for chromium, expanding our understanding beyond its classical effects on the insulin-signaling pathway. The beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase is considered a novel site for Cr(III) action, influencing physiological effects apart from insulin signaling. The physiological effects of chromium supplementation have been extensively studied, particularly in its role in anti-oxidative efficacy and glucose metabolism. However, recent advancements have prompted a re-evaluation of chromium's mechanisms of action beyond the insulin signaling pathway. The discovery of the beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase as a potential target for chromium action is discussed, emphasizing its crucial role in cellular energy production and metabolic regulation. A meticulous analysis of relevant studies that were earlier carried out could shed light on the relationship between chromium supplementation and mitochondrial ATP synthase. This review categorizes studies based on their primary investigations, encompassing areas such as muscle protein synthesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant properties. Findings from these studies are scrutinized to distinguish patterns aligning with the new hypothesis. Central to this exploration is the presentation of studies highlighting the physiological effects of chromium that extend beyond the insulin signaling pathway. Evaluating the various independent mechanisms of action that chromium impacts cellular energy metabolism and overall metabolic balance has become more important. In conclusion, this review is a paradigm shift in understanding chromium supplementation, paving the way for future investigations that leverage the intricate interplay between chromium and mitochondrial ATP synthase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kazakova T, Marshinskaia O. Effects of the combined use of a probiotic and chromium methionine chelate on the functional state of broiler chickens. Vet World 2023; 16:2358-2365. [PMID: 38152259 PMCID: PMC10750736 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2358-2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim An increase in the productivity of broiler chickens is possible when creating an optimal food base that provides birds with all of the nutrients and biologically active substances required for the fullest realization of their genetic potential. In this regard, we examined the effects of the addition of a water-based probiotic and a chelated form of chromium (Cr) to the diet of birds. Materials and Methods Sixty 14-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were used in this study. The birds were assigned to two groups of 30 birds according to their body weights. The control broilers received distilled water with the basal diet, and the experimental group received a probiotic preparation in drinking water and Cr methionine chelate (Cr-Met) in the diet. The feeding period lasted 28 days. Growth performance indices were measured throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood sampling was performed to assess blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant system indicators, and trace elements. Results We found that the introduction of a probiotic preparation and a chelated form of Cr into the diet of broiler chickens had a positive effect on meat productivity, which was characterized by a 17% increase in the average daily gain of birds (p = 0.05) and a 14% increase in body weight (p = 0.01). Consequently, the yield of the slaughtered carcass increased by 5.8% (p = 0.05). Against the background of the consumption of the developed diet, broiler chickens exhibited a 14% decrease in feed conversion accompanied by an increase in the level of digestibility of dietary nutrients. In addition, glucose levels were decreased by 20% (p = 0.03) against the background of a 76% increase in the total protein concentration (p = 0.01). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by 13% (p = 0.02) and 7.5% (p = 0.03), respectively. Elemental analysis of blood serum revealed a 99% decrease in the Fe level versus the control (p = 0.02) and a 31% increase in the Zn level (p = 0.02). Conclusion We conclude that feeding broiler chickens is a multicomponent probiotic supplement combined with Cr-Met promotes growth and nutrient absorption, and optimizes metabolic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kazakova
- Federal Research Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Olga Marshinskaia
- Federal Research Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nadaf Fahmideh M, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M. The effect of different levels of vitamin C and chromium on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive organs, immunity, blood constituents, liver enzymes, cecal microflora, meat sensory taste and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2763-2780. [PMID: 37861177 PMCID: PMC10650247 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants such as vitamin C (VC) and chromium (Cr), which effectively scavenge free radicals, may improve functional characteristics of the intestine and may reduce intestinal diseases. Cr absorption increases in the presence of VC. In poultry, VC is mainly derived from glucose; hence, Cr is an important component for glucose tolerance. We evaluated the synergistic effects of these two antioxidants together. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate two levels of VC and two levels of Cr and their interaction on growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive organs, immunity, blood constituents, liver enzymes, cecal microflora, meat sensory taste and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. METHODS Two levels of VC (250 and 500 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) and two levels of Cr (700 and 1400 μg/kg DM) were added to a basic diet for 42 days in five treatments. The 2 × 2 plus 1 (control group) factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomised design for 42 days using 360 one-day-old male chicks. RESULTS Very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride level, liver enzymes, antibody titer against sheep red blood cells, fat content, odour, chewing ability, elasticity and oral sensation traits were affected by combination of VC and Cr. CONCLUSIONS Combination of VC and Cr can increase unsaturated fatty acids and decrease saturated fatty acids, as well as improve cecal microbial flora, and may be useful as antioxidant compounds and non-antimicrobial stimulants for economic growth. The use of 250 mg/kg of VC and 700 μg/kg of Cr is recommended in broiler diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireaza Seidavi
- Department of Animal ScienceRasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal ScienceRasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Z, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhuang Y, Yan H, Xiao M, Zhang L, An L. Dietary Canthaxanthin Supplementation Promotes the Laying Rate and Follicular Development of Huaixiang Hens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1375. [PMID: 37997976 PMCID: PMC10669059 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Canthaxanthin(CX) is a ketocarotenoid, which is widely used in poultry production as a lipophilic antioxidant. Huaixiang chickens are a local breed in China famous for their excellent meat quality; improving their laying rate via nutritional regulation has attracted extensive attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary CX on the laying rate and follicular development in Huaixiang hens. A total of 180 Huaixiang hens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates, and six chickens per replication. The control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the treatment group (NT) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg CX. All chickens were 26 weeks old, living at an average environmental temperature of 25 ± 2 °C with a relative humidity of 65-75%. The results showed that supplementing the CX improved the laying rate and large white follicles (LWF) number (p < 0.05) and increased the concentration of reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, E2 and Prog) (p < 0.05), and the basal diet supplemented with 6 mg/kg CX worked best. Moreover, CX could increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px (p < 0.05) and reduce the content of the lipid peroxidation product MDA in Huaixiang chickens (p < 0.05); again, 6 mg/kg CX was best. In conclusion, dietary CX had positive effects on the laying rate, ovarian structure, reproductive hormone secretion, follicle development, and the antioxidant capacity of Huaixiang hens, and 6 mg/kg CX was recommended to be added to the diet of Huaixiang chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Hou K, Gui S, Ma Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhu X. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in heat stress-induced neuroinflammation: novel perspective about the neuroprotective role of chromium. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:23. [PMID: 37676529 PMCID: PMC10441889 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can cause a series of stress responses, resulting in numerous negative effects on the body, such as the diminished food intake, carcass quality and reproductive capacity. In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system, HS leads to central nervous system (CNS) disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes, which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines. While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation. Chromium (Cr) has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals, despite the lack of mechanistic evidence. Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation, providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kanghui Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siqi Gui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uyanga VA, Musa TH, Oke OE, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Global trends and research frontiers on heat stress in poultry from 2000 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123582. [PMID: 36824469 PMCID: PMC9941544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heat stress remains a major environmental factor affecting poultry production. With growing concerns surrounding climate change and its antecedent of global warming, research on heat stress in poultry has gradually gained increased attention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current status, identify the research frontiers, and highlight the research trends on heat stress in poultry research using bibliometric analysis. Methods: The literature search was performed on the Web of Science Core Collection database for documents published from 2000 to 2021. The documents retrieved were analyzed for their publication counts, countries, institutions, keywords, sources, funding, and citation records using the bibliometric app on R software. Network analysis for co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling was visualized using the VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 468 publications were retrieved, and over the past two decades, there was a gradual increase in the annual number of publications (average growth rate: 4.56%). China had the highest contribution with respect to the number of publications, top contributing authors, collaborations, funding agencies, and institutions. Nanjing Agricultural University, China was the most prolific institution. Kazim Sahin from Firat University, Turkey contributed the highest number of publications and citations to heat stress in poultry research, and Poultry Science was the most productive and the most cited journal. The top 10 globally cited documents mainly focused on the effects of heat stress, alleviation of heat stress, and the association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry. All keywords were grouped into six clusters which included studies on "growth performance", "intestinal morphology", "heat stress", "immune response", "meat quality", and "oxidative stress" as current research hotspots. In addition, topics such as; "antioxidants", "microflora", "intestinal barrier", "rna-seq", "animal welfare", "gene expression", "probiotics", "feed restriction", and "inflammatory pathways" were identified for future research attention. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the global research trends on heat stress in poultry over the last two decades, and it is expected to serve as a useful reference for potential research that will help address the impacts of heat stress on poultry production globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Victoria Anthony Uyanga, ; Hai Lin,
| | - Taha H. Musa
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Victoria Anthony Uyanga, ; Hai Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fraz A, Parker NB, Löhr CV, Cherian G. Evaluating the impact of organic chromium with flax seed in broiler diets: effects on production performance, breast muscle pathology, and meat quality aspects. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102331. [PMID: 36481709 PMCID: PMC9731854 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of organic chromium (Cr) and flax seed supplementation on live performance, carcass yield, muscle lipid profile, histopathological aspects, and meat quality parameters in broilers. Ninety (n = 90), day-old Cobb chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0% flax seed (Control), 10% flax seed (Diet 1) and Diet 1 + 0.05% organic Cr (Diet 2). The experiment was a completely randomized design and chicks were placed in 6 pens with 5 chicks per each pen. Pen was the experimental unit for production performance and bird collected from each pen was considered as experimental unit for all other analysis. On d 43, 45, and 48, one bird per pen were euthanized. A one-way ANOVA was performed with diet as the main factor and significance was set at P < 0.05. Significant differences between each treatment were analyzed by GLM Lean Square Method and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. Weight gain and feed:gain was determined at d (1-11), (12-21), and (22-42). For all response variables, the effects among dietary treatments were compared using ANOVA separately using SAS 9.4. P -values were considered significant at ≤0.05. At d 22, Diet 1 and Diet 2 birds had lower BW and feed:gain than Control (P < 0.05). At d 42, Diet 2 birds were higher in BW with improved feed:gain when compared to Diet 1 (P < 0.05) but were not different from Control (P > 0.05). The overall weight gain was higher in Diet 2 and Control compared to Diet 1 (P < 0.05) and overall feed:gain was the highest in Control than the experimental diets (P < 0.05). Histopathological changes in breast muscle including floccular/vacuolar degeneration, fibrosis, lipidosis, interstitial inflammation, and muscle lysis were less pronounced in Diet 1 compared to Diet 2 (P < 0.05). Breast muscle total fat and cholesterol was lower in Diet 1 compared to Control (P < 0.05). Diet 1 and Diet 2 increased (>2-5 fold) total and long chain (≥20C) n-3 fatty acids (FA) in the breast muscle (P < 0.05) compared to Control. Lipid peroxidation products measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were lower in the breast muscle of Diet 1 and Diet 2 compared to Control (P < 0.05). Phospholipid n-3 FA molecular species in phosphatidylcholine (PC) 36:5, 38:6, and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 36:5 were higher in breast muscle of Diet 1 than Control (P < 0.05) and was not different from Diet 2 (P > 0.05). A decrease in n-6 FA species (36:4 and 38:4) was observed in PC and PE of Diet 1and Diet 2 compared to Control (P < 0.05). Drip loss values were reduced in Diet 1 and Diet 2 versus Control (P < 0.05). As consumer demand for n-3 FA-rich poultry products are on the rise, Cr may serve as a feed supplement that could be used in broilers fed flax seed-containing diets for enriching edible tissues with n-3 FA, while enhancing production performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fraz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nathan B Parker
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gita Cherian
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang DX, Zhou H, Lou Y, Li D. Effects of in ovo feeding of methionine and/or disaccharide on post-hatching breast development, glycogen reserves, nutrients absorption parameters, and jejunum antioxidant indices in geese. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944063. [PMID: 36072396 PMCID: PMC9441801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on breast muscle and small intestine development, and the aspect of the glycogen contents, digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal antioxidant parameters in geese after incubation. A total of 600 fertilized eggs were used in this study to be employed in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Eggs were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 6 replicates per group, and 25 eggs per replicate. Factors in four groups included non-injection, Met injection (5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g/L maltose and 25 g/L sucrose dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), and DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose, 25 g/L sucrose, and 5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl). As a result, birth weight, relative weight of breast muscle, diameter of myofiber, glycogen contents, jejunal villus and surface area, and jejunal digestive enzymes activities improved, while liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreased, by DS injection. Additionally, DS administration upregulated the expression of myogenic factor-5 (Myf-5) from breast muscle and sodium/glucose cotransporter protein-1 (SGLT-1) from jejunum. In ovo delivery of DS has long-term effects on the improvement of jejunal glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and sucrase-isomaltase expression. In ovo feeding of Met improved the relative weight of breast muscle and small intestine, diameter of myofiber, length of small intestine, jejunal villus width, jejunal sucrase, Na+/K+ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunal glutathione (GSH) concentration, and decreased the jejunal glutathione disulfide (GSSH) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH, in early-life post-hatching. The breast muscle Myf-5 and myostatin expression, jejunal villus height and surface area, jejunal glutathione peroxidase concentration, and the expression of GLUT-2 in jejunum long-term improved by in ovo delivery of Met. Moreover, in ovo feeding of DS plus Met mixture synergistically improved the diameter of myofiber, jejunal villus height and width, jejunal sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in early-life post-hatching, but long-term upregulated the expression of jejunal GLUT-2. Therefore, we concluded that in ovo injection of Met plus DS is an effective way to improve the development of gosling during post-hatching stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Haizhu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Desheng Li
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of dietary supplementation of chromium methionine chelate on growth performance, oxidative stress, hematological indices, and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:267. [PMID: 35972572 PMCID: PMC9381490 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of chromium methionine (Cr-Meth) chelate on growth performance, oxidative stress parameters, blood biochemistry, and carcass traits of broiler chickens. An experiment was conducted on 34,000 1-day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Indian River; 42.0 ± 0.03) at a commercial farm. The chicks were divided randomly into 3 groups; the first group contained 17,000 birds, which used as a control, whereas the second and third groups consisted of 7000 and 10,000 birds, respectively, with 5 replicates per group. A completely randomized design was used. The birds were fed the experimental diets containing graded levels of Cr-Meth chelate: 0 (control), 50, and 100 g/ton. This compound consisted of chromium (0.4%) chelated with methionine, and it supply the diets with 200 and 400 ppb Cr for the used levels of 50 and 100 g/ton feed, respectively. Growth performance indices (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were measured throughout the experiment. At the end of experiment, 10 birds per treatment were slaughtered, and the carcass yield with relative weight of the internal organs was determined. Also, blood samples were taken and analyzed for glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. It was found that Cr-Meth improved the body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Moreover, it reduced the mortality rate of birds. The chelated chromium can alleviate the oxidative status of birds by increasing the plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and reducing the serum malondialdehyde level. It was observed that the effects of 100 g/ton Cr-Meth chelate on performance indices, mortality rate, and oxidative stress parameters were better than that of 50 g/ton inclusion rate. Supplementation of Cr-Meth increased the total protein level, but reduced the glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in the blood serum. In addition, it increased the carcass yield and reduced the abdominal fat percentage of the birds’ carcass. Therefore, chromium can be included in diets of broilers at a rate of 200 to 400 ppb, and the higher concentration was more effective than the lower one. So, it can be recommended to use Cr-Meth chelate in broiler diets at 100 g/ton to improve the productive performance and reduce the oxidative stress of birds.
Collapse
|
10
|
Piray A, Foroutanifar S. Chromium Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Constituents, and Immune Competence of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2876-2888. [PMID: 34417722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to assess the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions, but the shape and strength of the associations between Cr supplementation and broiler chickens' responses to HS remain unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of Cr. The results indicated non-linear dose-response associations between Cr supplementation and body mass gain (BMG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat relative weight (Pnon-linearity < 0.05). The maximum BMG, FI, and the relative weight of carcass, breast, and leg would be achieved with 1200, 1100, 900, 800, and 800 ppb of Cr, respectively, while the lowest FCR and abdominal fat relative weight might be obtained with the supplementation of 1100 and 1000 ppb of Cr, compared with no Cr supplementation. Referring to BMG, supplementation with 1200-1700 ppb inorganic Cr or 2700 ppb or less organic Cr had a significant beneficial effect on the BMG, while NanoCr supplementation did not influence this outcome variable. A non-linear association was observed for blood total cholesterol concentration (TC, Pnon-linearity < 0.05), with the maximum reduction of TC concentration observed at approximately 900 ppb of Cr. The cholesterol-lowering effect of Cr (≤ 2400 ppb) was only found in severe HS conditions. Moreover, supplemental Cr caused a significant linear reduction in the blood triglycerides and glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). The blood concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin increased linearly, and the corticosterone concentration reduced, with increasing supplemental Cr (P < 0.05). There was a non-linear inverse association between Cr supplementation and cortisol level (Pnon-linearity < 0.05), and the lowest concentration of cortisol was observed with the supplementation of 1000 ppb of Cr. Meanwhile, significant positive linear associations between Cr supplementation and bursa percentage, thymus percentage, infectious bronchitis vaccine titer, avian influenza vaccine titer, Newcastle disease vaccine titer, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response, and serum immunoglobulin G level were found (P < 0.05). However, Cr supplementation caused a linear reduction in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the recommended optimum amount of supplemental Cr is 1100 ppb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alihossein Piray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saheb Foroutanifar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Z, Chen Y, Xue J, Huang X, Chen Z, Wang Q, Wang C. Effects of ambient temperature on the growth performance, fat deposition, and intestinal morphology of geese from 28 to 49 days of age. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101814. [PMID: 35358928 PMCID: PMC8966147 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on the growth performance, fat deposition, and intestinal morphology of geese from 28 to 49 d of age. A total of 120 twenty-eight-day-old geese were randomly allotted to 5 environmentally controlled chambers with ambient temperatures set at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C from 28 to 49 d of age, respectively. The feed intake, 49 d body weight, and weight gain decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05) as ambient temperature increased and declined to a minimum when the temperature increased to 30°C. The feed/gain showed a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) increasing response to increasing temperature. According to broken-line regression, the upper critical levels of ambient temperature from 28 to 49 d of age for weight gain and feed intake were 25.19 and 23.97°C, respectively. As ambient temperature increased from 18 to 30°C, the abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat rate, and subcutaneous fat thickness decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and were accompanied by linearly increasing liver fat content (P < 0.05), but the ambient temperature had no effect on intermuscular fat width or breast muscle fat content (P > 0.05). There were no differences in jejunal, ileal, or cecal morphology for geese raised at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C (P > 0.05). The duodenal villus height showed a linear decreasing response to increasing ambient temperature, but the ambient temperature had no effect on crypt depth, villus width, muscularis thickness, or villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum (P > 0.05). These results indicate that high ambient temperature decreased growth performance and fat deposition and impaired duodenal morphology of geese. Under our experimental conditions, we recommend that the upper critical ambient temperature for geese from 28 to 49 d of age be 25.19°C.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang G, Li X, Zhou Y, Feng J, Zhang M. Effects of Dietary Chromium Picolinate on Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucose Homeostasis, and Performance of Heat-Stressed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070844. [PMID: 35405834 PMCID: PMC8997060 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research was devoted to evaluating the effects on gut microbiota, gastrointestinal peptides, and glucose homeostasis of chromium picolinate applied to heat-stressed broilers. In a 14 d experiment, 220 28-day-old AA broilers were randomly assigned into one thermal-neutral and three high-temperature groups dietary-supplemented with 0, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg of chromium as chromium picolinate. The temperature for the thermal-neutral group was set at 21 °C, while that for the other three groups (high temperature) was set at 31 °C. The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the 0.4 mg/kg chromium-supplemented group significantly increased compared with the high-temperature groups (p < 0.05). The content of cholecystokinin in the 0.4 mg/kg group significantly decreased, and the gastric inhibitory polypeptide level was significantly elevated in jejunum (p < 0.05). The cecal microbiota of heat-stressed broilers was substantially different from that of the thermal-neutral group. After diet-supplemented chromium, compared to the high-temperature groups, the 0.4 mg/kg chromium supplemented group was characterized by a reduction of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. The Bacilli were elevated, while proportions of Coriobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were reduced significantly at the class level. The proportions of Lactobacillaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were elevated significantly, while that of Clostridiaceae was reduced significantly at the family level. The proportion of Turicibacter was elevated significantly and the proportions of Olsenella and Ruminococcus were reduced significantly at the genus level (p < 0.05). Compared to the high-temperature groups, in the 0.4 mg/kg chromium-supplemented group, the insulin concentration and insulin resistance index were reduced (p < 0.05), and sodium-glucose transporter 1 expression was up-regulated in jejunum (p < 0.05). Performance, microbiota, gastrointestinal peptides, or serum parameters of the 0.8 mg/kg group were almost unaffected by chromium compared with the high-temperature groups. In conclusion, diet supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg Cr improved performance, insulin resistance and sodium-glucose transporter 1 expression and altered gut microflora structure and secretion of gastrointestinal peptides, thus showing that supplementation with chromium is beneficial to maintain glucose homeostasis and alleviate heat stress.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Z, Chen Z, Xue J, Huang X, Chen Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Wang C. Effects of ambient temperature on growth performance, blood parameter, and fat deposition of geese from 14 to 28 days of age. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101758. [PMID: 35349951 PMCID: PMC8965150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on the growth performance, blood parameter, and fat deposition in geese from 14 to 28 d of age in order to establish their optimal temperature requirements. A total of 150 14-day-old geese were allocated randomly to 5 environmentally controlled chambers with ambient temperature set at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C from 14 to 28 d of age, respectively. As ambient temperature increased from 18 to 30°C, the feed intake decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and was accompanied by linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05) decreasing 28-day-old body weight, weight gain, and feed/gain. The upper critical level of ambient temperature from 14 to 28 d of age for 28-day-old body weight and weight gain were 25.83 and 26.17°C, respectively. There were no differences in plasma biochemical parameters or plasma hormones between geese fed at ambient temperature regimen at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C. The abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with higher ambient temperature, but the ambient temperature had no effect on subcutaneous fat thickness or intermuscular fat width. It was concluded that the upper critical temperature of the ambient temperature for geese from 14 to 28 d of age was 26.17°C and high ambient temperature could lead to growth depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z.L. Liu
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Z.P. Chen
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - J.J. Xue
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - X.F. Huang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Y. Chen
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - B.W. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Q.G. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - C. Wang
- Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Sousa FCB, Del Vesco AP, Zancanela V, Santana TP, de Souza Khatlab A, Feitosa VEM, Brito CO, Barbosa LT, Gasparino E. Effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on productive efficiency and meat quality of broilers under acute and chronic heat stress. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Context Methionine in the form of free amino acid has been widely studied in broilers challenged by heat stress (HS). However, the effects of methionine dipeptide in broilers subjected to HS are not known. Aims To evaluate the effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on the performance, oxidative status, plasma parameters and meat quality of broilers subjected to acute and chronic HS. Methods Broilers were evaluated at the following three experimental periods: 24 h of evaluation (21–22 days of age); 10 days of evaluation (22–32 days of age); and 20 days of evaluation (22–42 days of age). Broilers were divided into two groups; one group was raised in thermal comfort, and the other group was raised in continuous HS of 30°C. In both groups, animals received a diet without methionine supplementation (MD), with supplementation of methionine as free amino acid (dl-M), and with supplementation of methionine as dipeptide (dl-MM). Key results HS reduced body weight gain after 10 and 20 days of evaluation. Broilers under HS condition fed the MD diet had the highest concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 22 days of age and carbonylated proteins (CP) at 32 days of age. At 42 days of age, broilers fed the MD diet had higher concentrations of TBARS and CP. At 32 days of age, broilers under HS had lower high-density lipoprotein and higher low-density lipoprotein concentrations. In breast meat, broilers in thermal comfort fed the dl-M or dl-MM diets had a lower cooking loss. Broilers in HS fed the dl-M diet had the lowest cooking loss. HS reduced the pH of the meat of legs. Conclusions The acute and chronic HS affect the broiler performance in different ways. Methionine supplementation contributes to reduce the effects of HS. There were no notable differences between the supplementation of dl-M or dl-MM. Implications Productivity and the quality of the chicken meat are the most important attributes of the production. The ambient temperature can influence these parameters. The methionine in its most varied forms, due to its direct and indirect antioxidant function, has been shown to be an effective source of protection for the animal in adverse conditions such as during HS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hosseini H, Esmaeili M, Zare M, Rombenso A. Egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids in farmed hens in sub-optimum temperature: A cold-temperament additive mix alleviates adverse effects of stress on performance and health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1333-1344. [PMID: 34773290 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At some stage, laying hen farming is likely to be subjected to sub-optimum temperatures (SOTem) due to climate change. While egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids is a common practice in the poultry industry, in SOTem it has been less investigated. This study tested the effects of egg enrichment through extruded flaxseed (FLX) (180 g/kg) alone or along with hulled-soaked barley (H-SB) (170 g/kg), namely FLBA, with and without a cold-temperament additive mix (CTA) (25 g/kg: 5 g/kg flixweed (Descurainia sophia), 10 g/kg dried herb-extraction residues from pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) and 10 g/kg dried lemon (Citrus limon) residue) in two temperatures (20°C and SOTem: 27°C) on egg performance, yolk fatty acids, lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidant and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 53-week-old for 9 weeks. Two hundred seventy layers were randomly distributed to nine treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Hens fed flaxseed diets, regardless of temperature or CTA, had higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in yolks than others. Temperature negatively influenced feed intake and egg production. FLX + H27 and FLBA + H27 groups outperformed the other groups regarding cholesterol in yolk (10.1, 10.3 mg/g yolk), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (5.19, 4.93 mg/g yolk), total protein (FLX + H27: 6.82 mg/dl), HDL in the blood (FLBA + H27:83.8 mg/dl), superoxide dismutase (FLBA + H27:90.4 U/ml), glutathione reductase (FLBA + H27: 1042.1 U/ml), glutathione peroxidase (FLX + H27: 1149.7 U/ml) and catalase (FLBA + H27: 12.5 U/ml). Total antibody, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M after 42 days were significantly higher in chicks fed CTA-added diets (p < 0.05). Replacing corn and soya bean meal with H-SB did not negatively change the above-mentioned factors. Our findings collectively suggest that egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids through dietary FLBA + H27 (180 g/kg flaxseed, 170 g/kg H-SB, and 25 g/kg CTA) in SOtem is suggested without any adverse impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Pathobiology & Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Mahyar Zare
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Untea AE, Varzaru I, Turcu RP, Panaite TD, Saracila M. The use of dietary chromium associated with vitamins and minerals (synthetic and natural source) to improve some quality aspects of broiler thigh meat reared under heat stress condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1978335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arabela Elena Untea
- Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Iulia Varzaru
- Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Raluca Paula Turcu
- Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dalólio F, Albino L, Fireman A, Burin Júnior A, Busanello M, Calderano A, Ribeiro Júnior V, Rostagno H. Effect of chromium-methionine supplementation on meat quality of broilers reared under heat stress. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - V. Ribeiro Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Halder S, Kar R, Chakraborty S, Banerjee BD. Chromium Exposure in Late Gestation Period Caused Increased Levels of Cr in Brain Tissue: Association with Alteration of Activity and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes of F1 and F2 Generation Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2635-2643. [PMID: 32892319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is a micronutrient which has found frequent use as supplements during pregnancy and could have a role in altering the antioxidant status in the brain. The present study was undertaken to estimate chromium levels in the brain, antioxidant enzyme activity with their gene expression, and learning and memory parameters on F1 and F2 generation mice when the F0 was exposed to chromium. The chromium levels in the brain were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The enzyme activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) was estimated and their gene expression was evaluated using RT-PCR. The spatial memory was tested using Morris water maze. The learning and recall memory was tested using the step down latency paradigm. The chromium levels were significantly raised in animals treated with Cr per se in F1 generation and quercetin cotreatment reduced the Cr levels in brain significantly. The enzyme activity of GST was significantly less in Cr-treated animals of both generations and this effect was significantly reversed on cotreatment with quercetin. The gene expression of GST matched the enzyme activity. However, catalase activity did not show significant decrease with Cr but cotreatment with quercetin resulted in significant decrease compared with control and this effect was not matched by its gene expression. We observed no significant change in learning and memory parameters in both generations following Cr exposure. Thus, this study demonstrates that chromium exposure in gestation causes changes in enzyme activity especially GST and this change was matched by change in gene expression in GST but not CAT. There was no effect on memory at the given dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Sucharita Chakraborty
- Geological Oceanographic Division, National Institute of Oceanograhy, Panaji, Goa, India
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han M, Chen Y, Li J, Dong Y, Miao Z, Li J, Zhang L. Effects of organic chromium sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, breast amino acid and fatty acid profiles in broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3917-3926. [PMID: 33368290 PMCID: PMC8248325 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trivalent chromium (Cr) is involved in carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid metabolism in animals. This study evaluated the effects of different organic Cr forms with Cr methionine (CrMet), Cr picolinate (CrPic), Cr nicotinate (CrNic), and Cr yeast (Cr-yeast) at the level of 400 μg kg-1 Cr, on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, breast amino acid and fatty acid profiles of broilers. In total, 540 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates (18 broilers per replicate) until day 42. RESULTS The results showed growth performance was not affected by Cr sources. The Cr-yeast group had lower serum cortisol levels than the CrNic group (P < 0.05). Besides, Cr-yeast increased methionine and cysteine content in breast compared with the control group. Liver malondialdehyde content was lower in the CrMet group than the CrPic group on day 42 (P < 0.05). The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) values were increased, but the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was decreased in both CrMet and CrNic groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects on broilers' serum antioxidant status and breast total essential amino acid content among all treatments. CONCLUSIONS Diets supplemented with organic Cr could regulate lipid metabolism, and improve amino acid and fatty acid profiles in broiler breast. Moreover, Cr-yeast was the most effective source in improving methionine and cysteine content, whereas CrMet was more effective than CrNic in increasing n-3 PUFA value and decreasing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in breast meat and effectively strengthened liver antioxidant ability than CrPic. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingPR China
- College of Animal ScienceShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguPR China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingPR China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- College of Animal ScienceShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguPR China
| | - Zhiqiang Miao
- College of Animal ScienceShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguPR China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal ScienceShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguPR China
| | - Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingPR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng C, Wuren Q, Zhang X, Sun X, Na Q. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on broiler growth performance: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249527. [PMID: 33822801 PMCID: PMC8023458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of dietary chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation on broiler growth performance and to determine whether such effects are regulated by broiler strains, sex, environmental stress, or contextual factors including study area and years. Methods Eligible studies were identified by searching the Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online databases. Weighted average differences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed with a random-effects model. We performed subgroup analysis stratified by study area, published years, broiler strains and sex, and environmental stress. Publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test method. A total of 15 studies eligible for inclusion. Results The results indicated that CrPic supplementation significantly improved broiler growth performance and subgroup analysis confirmed this conclusion. We also found that Ross 308 or male broilers might be more sensitive to CrPic supplementation and showed better growth performance. A model was used to obtain the amount of chromium addition under the optimal growth performance, which suggested that the maximum value of average daily gain (ADG) was reached when chromium addition was 1810 μg/kg. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed low sensitivity and high stability of the meta-analysis. Conclusions CrPic supplementation had a positive effect on the growth performance of broilers, and this meta-analysis provides a more accurate value of chromium addition, which may be beneficial for the practice of the broiler industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Department of Life Science, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Intelligent Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academician Workstation, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qiqige Wuren
- Intelligent Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academician Workstation, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Life Science, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qin Na
- Department of Life Science, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma B, Zhang L, Li J, Xing T, Jiang Y, Gao F. Dietary taurine supplementation ameliorates muscle loss in chronic heat stressed broilers via suppressing the perk signaling and reversing endoplasmic reticulum-stress-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2125-2134. [PMID: 32978773 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress seriously affects animal health and induces enormous financial losses in poultry production. Exploring the appropriate means for ameliorating unfavorable effects caused by heat stress is essential. We investigated whether taurine supplementation could attenuate breast muscle loss in chronic heat-stressed broilers, as well as its mechanism. We designed three groups: a normal control group (22 °C), a heat stress group (32 °C) and a taurine treatment group (32 °C, basal diet + 5 g·kg-1 taurine). RESULTS We found that taurine significantly moderated the decreases of breast muscle mass and yield, as well as the increases of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and serum urine acid level in chronic heat-stressed broilers. Additionally, supplementary taurine significantly alleviated elevations of the cytoplasm Ca2+ concentration, protein expressions of GRP78 and p-PERK, mRNA expressions of Ca2+ channels (RyR1, IP3R3) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (GRP78, GRP94, PERK, EIF2α, ATF4, IRE1, XBP1, ATF6 and CHOP), apoptosis (Caspase-3 and TUNEL), protein catabolism, and the reduction of taurine transporter (TauT) mRNA expression in the breast muscle induced by chronic heat stress. CONCLUSION Supplementary taurine could attenuate chronic heat stress-induced breast muscle loss via reversing ER stress-induced apoptosis and suppressing protein catabolism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao C, Deng J, Zeng L, Sun T, Yang Z, Yang X. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes and Signaling Pathways Associated With Feed Efficiency in Xiayan Chicken. Front Genet 2021; 12:607719. [PMID: 33815460 PMCID: PMC8010316 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.607719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency is an important economic factor in poultry production, and the rate of feed efficiency is generally evaluated using residual feed intake (RFI). The molecular regulatory mechanisms of RFI remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify candidate genes and signaling pathways related to RFI using RNA-sequencing for low RFI (LRFI) and high RFI (HRFI) in the Xiayan chicken, a native chicken of the Guangxi province. Chickens were divided into four groups based on FE and sex: LRFI and HRFI for males and females, respectively. We identified a total of 1,015 and 742 differentially expressed genes associated with RFI in males and females, respectively. The 32 and 7 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment terms, respectively, identified in males and females chiefly involved carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 11 and 5 significantly enriched signaling pathways, including those for nutrient metabolism, insulin signaling, and MAPK signaling, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that the pathways involving CAT, ACSL1, ECI2, ABCD2, ACOX1, PCK1, HSPA2, and HSP90AA1 may have an effect on feed efficiency, and these genes are mainly involved in the biological processes of fat metabolism and heat stress. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the increased expression of genes in LRFI chickens was related to intestinal microvilli structure and function, and to the fat metabolism process in males. In females, the highly expressed set of genes in the LRFI group was primarily associated with nervous system and cell development. Our findings provide further insight into RFI regulation mechanisms in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jixian Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Linghu Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuliang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kooshki F, Tutunchi H, Vajdi M, Karimi A, Niazkar HR, Shoorei H, Pourghassem Gargari B. A Comprehensive insight into the effect of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress indices in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:291-309. [PMID: 33462845 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder defined as an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and insufficient production or action of insulin produced by the pancreas. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, which consequently results in insulin resistance, beta cell degeneration, dyslipidaemia, and glucose intolerance in diabetic patients. Chromium has an essential role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates through increasing insulin efficiency. This systematic review aimed to evaluate chromium supplementation's potential roles in oxidative stress indices in diabetes mellitus. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases until November 2020. All clinical trials and animal studies that assessed chromium's effect on oxidative stress indices in diabetes mellitus and were published in English-language journals were included. Finally, only 33 out of 633 articles met the required criteria for further analysis. Among 33 papers, 25 studies were performed on animals, and eight investigations were conducted on humans. Twenty-eight studies of chromium supplementation lead to reducing oxidative stress indices. Also, 23 studies showed that chromium supplementation markedly increased antioxidant enzymes' activity and improved levels of antioxidant indices. In conclusion, chromium supplementation decreased oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. However, further clinical trials are suggested in a bid to determine the exact mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Niazkar
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jafari MJ, Iranpour S, Gravandi S, Tehrani BJ, Askari M, Omidi A, Nasori M. The effects of heat stress exposure on free amino acid concentrations within the plasma and the brain of heat-exposed chicks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102872. [PMID: 33863436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of heat stress exposure on the concentrations of amino acids within the plasma and the brain of chicks. Methodology: Five electronic databases including; PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and ProQuest were reviewed to find relative literature published until the March 8, 2019. A total of eight relative studies and 194 chicks were analyzed. The Random Effects model and the Fixed Effects model were performed. Using the Random Effects model for amino acids, a Standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.05 and 1.46 was obtained for alanine and threonine concentrations respectively. This indicates a significant increase in the concentration of these amino acids within the plasma. An SMD of -2.68 and -2.46 was obtained for cysteine and proline concentrations respectively, this indicates a significant decrease in the concentration of these amino acids within the plasma. The pooled estimates regarding the effect of heat stress exposure on plasma amino acid concentrations for proline were -0.013. The SMDs obtained for amino acid concentrations within the brain (diencephalon) including leucine, methionine, valine and isoleucine were 1.799, 0.88, 2.11, 1.85, respectively, This indicates a significant increase in the concentration of these amino acids within the brain (P < 0.05). Comparing the SMD obtained for long-term heat exposure (two weeks) with the SMD obtained for short-term heat exposure shows that plasma amino acid concentrations including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine and threonine had all decreased. The relationship between heat exposure and changes in the concentration of some amino acids in the plasma is an important scientific finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Jafari
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Iranpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Sasan Gravandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behjat Jafari Tehrani
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Askari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Omidi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Morteza Nasori
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos Dalólio F, Teixeira Albino LF, Nogueira da Silva J, Kyonara Alves Tenório Fireman A, Burin Junior ÁM, Busanello M, Ribeiro Júnior V. Dietary chromium-methionine supplementation and broiler (22–43 days) responses during heat stress. 1. Growth performance and carcass yield, metabolisable energy and serum biochemistry. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Context
Chromium (Cr) is considered a beneficial trace element. It has been reported that supplementation with Cr in the diet promotes improvements in the productive variables of broilers reared under heat stress (HS).
Aim
The study aimed to evaluate dose response of Cr as chromium-methionine (CrMet) supplementation on metabolisable energy, serum biochemistry, growth performance and carcass yield of broilers.
Methods
Three hundred and thirty-six 22-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four blocks, six treatments (0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20 mg/kg dry matter (DM) Cr as CrMet), eight repetitions with seven birds per experimental unit, subjected to HS (33°C for 12h/day) from 22 to 43 days. The supplemented CrMet level for each variable studied was estimated using linear and quadratic regressions.
Key results
The bodyweight was quadratically affected at 35 and 43 days (P < 0.01), as well as bodyweight gain (P = 0.02) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.01) from 22 to 43 days. A linear improvement (P = 0.03) was observed in the feed conversion ratio from 22 to 28 days and bodyweight gain for 22 to 35 days (P = 0.02). The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy and the coefficient of metabolisation of energy were quadratically affected (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) by CrMet levels in the diet. A quadratic response was observed on total serum cholesterol (P < 0.01), serum glucose (P = 0.07) and triacylglycerol (P < 0.01). The abdominal fat deposition was quadratically affected (P < 0.01) by CrMet levels in the diet.
Conclusions
The supplementation of 0.77 mg/kg DM Cr as CrMet improves performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry parameters of broiler chickens reared under heat stress.
Implications
The results indicate that CrMet can be supplemented in the diet for broilers reared under heat stress to improve productivity of broiler chickens.
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of dietary chromium propionate on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying ducks under heat stress. Animal 2020; 15:100081. [PMID: 33712205 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that chromium (Cr) could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on livestock and poultry, but there is little information available to laying ducks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary addition of chromium propionate on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying ducks under hot (average 32 °C) and humid (average 75% relative humidity) summer conditions. A total of 900 66-week-old weight- and laying-matched Shanma laying ducks were randomly divided into five treatments, each with 6 replicates of 30 individually caged birds. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 200, 400, 600, or 800 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate. All laying ducks were given feed and water ad libitum for 5 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with chromium propionate significantly increased the laying rate and yolk colour score (P < 0.05). Treatment with 400 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate significantly decreased the feed/egg ratio by 5.4% (P < 0.05). Increased supplemental Cr from 0 to 800 μg/kg resulted in an increase in albumen height and the Haugh unit linearly (P < 0.05). Increased supplemental Cr decreased serum cortisol (P < 0.001, linear; P = 0.008, quadratic), heat shock protein-70 (P < 0.001, linear; P = 0.007, quadratic) and glucose (P = 0.007, linear), whereas it increased serum insulin (P = 0.011, Linear), total protein (P = 0.006, linear; P = 0.048, quadratic) and albumin (P = 0.035, linear; P = 0.088, quadratic). Dietary Cr levels increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, the total antioxidant capacity linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). A linear and quadratic (P < 0.05) decrease of the malondialdehyde concentrations in response to dietary Cr level was observed. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of Cr as chromium propionate, particularly at 800 μg/kg could beneficially affect the laying rate, egg quality and antioxidant function, as well as modulate the blood biochemical parameters of laying ducks under heat stress conditions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Safwat AM, Elnaggar AS, Elghalid OA, El-Tahawy WS. Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13448. [PMID: 32815239 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary chromium supplementation sources, chromium oxide (Cr2 O3 ), chromium methionine (Cr-Met), or chromium yeast (Cr-yeast), at different levels each (500 or 1,000 ppb) on growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 490 seven-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups each in 10 replicates of 7 birds each. The groups were control, 500 ppb Cr2 O3 , 1,000 ppb Cr2 O3 , 500 ppb Cr-Met, 1,000 ppb Cr-Met, 500 ppb Cr-yeast, and 1,000 ppb Cr-yeast. The results showed significant superiority of the organic chromium sources (Cr-Met or Cr-yeast) concerning body weight and weight gain, the group supplemented with 1,000 ppb Cr-yeast consumed the lowest feed (3,185 g) and had the best feed conversion ratio (1.60) compared to the control (1.73). The chromium treatments recorded significantly better protein and lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immunological parameters than the control group. Similarly, dietary chromium supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased intestinal pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with organic chromium sources at 1,000 ppb promotes growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics; such chromium treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and immunity levels of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assem Mohamed Safwat
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shawkey Elnaggar
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Osama Ahmed Elghalid
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Waleed Salah El-Tahawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang TG, Zhao YL, Li L, Zhou DH. Antagonistic effects of nano-selenium on broilers hepatic injury induced by Cr (VI) poisoning in AMPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41585-41595. [PMID: 32691314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cr (chromium, with common valence states of III and VI) is one of the common broiler feed additives. Liver injury and metabolic disorders could be caused by Cr(VI) (hexavalent chromium) poisoning in broilers. Oxidative damage and metabolic disorders of organisms caused by heavy metals could be antagonized by nano-Se (nano-selenium). Nano-Se was chosen to study the antagonism of Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers. AMPK (Adenosine 5,-monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is known as a "cell energy regulator" and plays a key regulatory role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. AMPK pathway and ACACA/CPT1A two genes were selected to study the prevention and treatment of nano-Se on Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers and its molecular mechanism. For this purpose, 180 1-day-old AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 30) for further testing. After feeding as planned for 35 days, the livers of such broilers were taken for further examination including histopathological examination, differential gene expression analysis, and further validation on both mRNA and protein levels using related techniques like RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The histopathological examination suggested that the liver cells of the Cr(VI) poisoning group were more severely injured than the nano-Se addition group. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression of ACACA gene in the Cr(VI) poisoning group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the CPT1A gene's expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Those results were reversed in the nano-Se addition group. Western blot results were consistent with RT-qPCR and both suggested antagonism of nano-Se on Cr(VI). Through morphological and histopathological observation, as well as the measurement of the mRNA and protein expression levels of ACACA and CPT1A genes in AMPK pathway, it was confirmed that nano-Se has certain preventive and protective effects on Cr(VI) poisoning in broiler chickens. Furthermore, the adverse effects of Cr(VI) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in broilers can be antagonized by nano-Se through AMPK pathway. A new method and experimental basis were provided to the future study of Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Guang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang YL, Luo QH, Xiao F, Lin X, Spears JW. Research Note: Responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5070-5073. [PMID: 32988544 PMCID: PMC7598335 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the dose responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate (CrPro) in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 252 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 7 replicate cages of 6 birds per cage. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/kg Cr in the form of CrPro. The birds had ad libitum access to feed and tap water for an experimental period of 42 D. For induction of heat stress, the house temperature was set at 35°C ± 2°C from 22 to 42 D of age. No differences were detected among treatments in growth performance during the experimental period (P > 0.05). Serum IgA concentrations were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). However, a quadratic response was detected for serum IgG (P < 0.01) and IgM (P < 0.01) concentration as dietary Cr supplementation was increased. The highest response of IgG and IgM in serum was observed for broilers fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 mg of Cr/kg. Dietary supplementation of Cr had no impacts on villus height, crypt depth, or the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum. A quadratic response of villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and a linear response of crypt depth to increased dietary Cr supplementation were observed in the duodenum (P < 0.01). The results indicate that CrPro supplementation could modify the intestinal morphology of the duodenum and influence serum IgG and IgM concentrations in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Based on the results of this experiment, the 0.2-mg Cr/kg diet from CrPro increases immune response and intestinal health in heat-stressed broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Q H Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - F Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - X Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
| | - J W Spears
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zeitz JO, Fleischmann A, Ehbrecht T, Most E, Friedrichs S, Whelan R, Gessner DK, Failing K, Lütjohann D, Eder K. Effects of supplementation of DL-methionine on tissue and plasma antioxidant status during heat-induced oxidative stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6837-6847. [PMID: 33248599 PMCID: PMC7704969 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high ambient temperature has been shown to impair growth performance and to cause oxidative stress in broilers. This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) more than the National Research Council recommendations improves growth performance and alleviates oxidative stress in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. One-day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 68) were allotted to 4 groups and phase-fed 3 basal diets during days 1 to 10, 11 to 21, and 22 to 35. One group was kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions and received the basal diets with Met + cysteine (Cys) concentrations according to recommendations of NRC. The other 3 groups were kept in a room with an increased ambient temperature from week 3 to 5 and were fed either the basal diet or the basal diets supplemented with 2 levels of DLM in which Met + Cys concentrations exceeded NRC recommendations by around 20% (group DLM1) and 40% (group DLM2), respectively. As expected, the broilers exposed to high ambient temperature showed a lower feed intake, lower body weight gains, a higher feed:gain ratio, and biochemical indications of oxidative stress in comparison to broilers kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions. Supplementation of DLM did not improve the growth performance in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. However, the broilers supplemented with DLM had increased concentrations of glutathione in liver and breast muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2), increased concentrations of tocopherols in the liver (group DLM2), and reduced concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in heat-processed thigh muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2) in comparison to the control group exposed to high ambient temperature. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and vitamin C in plasma, liver, and muscle were not different between the 3 groups exposed to heat stress. Nevertheless, the study shows that supplementation of DLM in slight excess of the Met concentration required for maximum growth performance improved the antioxidant status in tissues and reduced the susceptibility of muscle toward oxidation in heat-stressed broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Fleischmann
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Ehbrecht
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miao Q, Si X, Xie Y, Chen L, Liu Z, Liu L, Tang X, Zhang H. Effects of acute heat stress at different ambient temperature on hepatic redox status in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4113-4122. [PMID: 32867954 PMCID: PMC7598013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different acute high ambient temperatures on redox status in liver of broilers. A total of 144 35-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 6 birds each and subsequently distributed in different environment chambers for acute heat stress. The temperature of 4 environment chambers were set to 26°C (control), 29°C, 32°C, 35°C for 6 h, respectively. Various indicators were tested to evaluate hepatic redox status. Then, the hallmarks of hepatocellular antioxidant and apoptosis were measured by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The results showed that with the ambient temperature increase (i) the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and protein carbonyl (PC) in the liver of broilers increased significantly (P < 0.05), but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not affected; (ii) the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased significantly (P < 0.05). Similarly, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) had an increasing tendency (P = 0.07), and the content of the reduced glutathione (GSH) was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) under high temperature; (iii) the heat shock protein (HSP70), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and other antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO1, GCLc, GST, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, Prx3) were upregulated in broilers liver. Moreover, the protein level of HSP70, Nrf2, and Prx3 were also upregulated; (iv) high temperature upregulated the antiapoptotic gene expression (BCL-2); however, the proapoptotic genes (BAK1, caspase-3, and caspase-9) did not change significantly; meanwhile, there was no significant changes in the protein level of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The results of this study indicated that 35-day-old Arbor Acres broilers have a certain tolerance to oxidative stress induced by high ambient temperature. Six hours of acute heat stress-activated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the expression of related antioxidant genes and proteins is upregulated, consequently resulted in increased antioxidant enzymes activity and GSH. These effects enable the body to scavenge large amounts of reactive oxygen species produced by high temperature and prevent the occurrence of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Heat stress impacts on broiler performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6205-6211. [PMID: 33142538 PMCID: PMC7647856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a major problem in poultry business which affects chickens' performance and may trigger large economic losses. This study intends to analyze the impact of HS on broiler chickens' performance compared with those under normal condition. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published in English up to January 17, 2020. Outcomes of body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were calculated by weighted difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 12 studies with 470 broiler chickens were included. HS significantly decreased FI (11 trials: WMD = -97.95, 95% CI: -141.70, -54.20) and BWG (7 trials: WMD = -151.40, 95% CI: -198.59, -104.21) and significantly increased FCR (9 trials: WMD = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.29) and mortality (8 trials: OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.39, 10.12) compared with the control. In conclusion, HS significantly affected broiler chickens' BWG, FI, FCR, and mortality, indicating the importance to control housing temperature to avoid unnecessary costs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Komorowski JR, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Tastan H, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Sahin K. The addition of an amylopectin/chromium complex to branched-chain amino acids enhances muscle protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:26. [PMID: 32460884 PMCID: PMC7251890 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous clinical study reported that the addition of an amylopectin/chromium complex (ACr; Velositol®) to 6 g of whey protein (WP) significantly enhanced muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also well-known to enhance MPS. The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of ACr to BCAAs can enhance MPS and activate expression of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway compared to BCAAs and exercise alone in exercise-trained rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): (I) Exercise control, (II) Exercise plus BCAAs (0.465 g/kg BW, a 6 g human equivalent dose (HED)), and (III) Exercise plus BCAAs (0.465 g/kg BW) and ACr (0.155 g/kg BW, a 2 g HED). All animals were trained with treadmill exercise for 10 days. On the day of the single-dose experiment, rats were exercised at 26 m/min for 2 h and then fed, via oral gavage, study product. One hour after the consumption of study product, rats were injected with a bolus dose (250 mg/kg BW, 25 g/L) of phenylalanine labeled with deuterium to measure the fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR). Ten minutes later, muscle tissue samples were taken to determine MPS measured by FSR and the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the mTOR pathway including mTOR, S6K1, and 4E-BP1. RESULTS ACr combined with BCAAs increased MPS by 71% compared to the exercise control group, while BCAAs alone increased MPS by 57% over control (p < 0.05). ACr plus BCAAs significantly enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 compared to exercise control rats (p < 0.05). The addition of ACr to BCAAs enhanced insulin levels, mTOR and S6K1 phosphorylation compared to BCAAs alone (p < 0.05). Serum insulin concentration was positively correlated with the levels of mTOR, (r = 0.923), S6K1 (r = 0.814) and 4E-BP1 (r = 0.953). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that the addition of ACr to BCAAs significantly enhances exercise-induced MPS, and the phosphorylation of mTOR signaling proteins, compared to BCAAs and exercise alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Komorowski
- Research and Development Department, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, 10577, USA.
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Research and Development Department, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, 10577, USA
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development Department, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, 10577, USA
| | - Hakki Tastan
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Spears JW, Lloyd KE, Pickworth CA, Huang YL, Krafka K, Hyda J, Grimes JL. Chromium propionate in broilers: human food and broiler safety. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6579-6585. [PMID: 31392337 PMCID: PMC8913993 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium propionate (Cr Prop) is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine for supplementation to broiler diets up to 0.20 mg Cr/kg diet. A 49-D study was conducted to: 1) determine the safety of Cr Prop when supplemented at 2 and 10 times (×) the approved feeding level over the normal life span of broilers, and 2) determine the effects of supplementing Cr Prop on Cr concentrations of tissues consumed by humans. On day zero, 216 Ross 708 broilers were stratified by weight within sex and randomly assigned to treatments. Dietary treatments were 0 (control), 0.40, and 2.0 mg supplemental Cr/kg diet from Cr Prop. There were 6 replicate cages each of male and female broilers per treatment. At the end of the study blood was collected for determination of plasma biochemical measurements and tissue samples were collected for Cr analysis. Supplementing 0.40 mg Cr/kg diet (2×) did not adversely affect broiler performance, mortality, plasma biochemical measurements or Cr concentrations in breast muscle, skin with adhering fat, or liver. Chromium propionate supplemented at 2.0 mg Cr/kg (10×) did not affect Cr concentrations in breast muscle or skin with adhering fat, but increased (P < 0.05) liver Cr concentrations. Supplementing Cr Prop at 10× the approved feeding level decreased feed intake and gain in male but not female broilers from days 21 to 49. Results of this study support the safety of Cr Prop in broiler diets, and indicate that Cr Prop supplementation to broiler diets at 2 or 10× the approved feeding level does not present a human health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Spears
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621
| | - K E Lloyd
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621
| | - C A Pickworth
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621
| | - Y L Huang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621
| | - K Krafka
- Kemin Agrifoods North America, Inc., Des Moines, IA 50317
| | - J Hyda
- Kemin Agrifoods North America, Inc., Des Moines, IA 50317
| | - J L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi J, Li W, Schindell B, Ni L, Liu S, Zhao X, Gong J, Nyachoti M, Yang C. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and the expression of cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT, SLC7A11) in different tissues during development in broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:107-114. [PMID: 32211536 PMCID: PMC7082690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT, SLC7A11) is a component of the system Xc amino-acid antiporter that is able to export glutamate and import cysteine into cells. The xCT amino acid exchanger has received a lot of attention, due to the fact that cysteine is an essential substrate for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant in cells. The objective of this research was to clone the full-length cDNA of chicken xCT, and to investigate the gene expression of xCT in different tissues, including intestinal segments of broiler chickens during development. The full-length cDNA of chicken xCT (2,703 bp) was obtained from the jejunum by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced. Homology tests showed that chicken xCT had 80.4%, 80.2%, and 71.2% homology at the nucleotide level with humans, cattle, and rats, respectively. Likewise, amino acid sequence analysis showed that chicken xCT protein is 86.4%, 79.3%, and 75.6% homologous with humans, cattle, and rats, respectively. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that chicken xCT genes share a closer genetic relationship with humans and cattle, than with rats. The chicken xCT protein has 12 transmembrane helixes, 6 extracellular loops, and 5 intracellular loops. The mRNA of xCT was detected in all tissues, including intestinal segments, in which the mRNA expression of xCT was significantly higher (P < 0.05) within the colon, compared to the jejunum and ileum. During development, a linear pattern of changes regarding the levels of the xCT mRNA was found, indicating that there was an abundance of xCT within the duodenum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were changes of the xCT mRNA abundance in the colon during development, which displayed linear and cubic patterns (P < 0.05). These results indicated that xCT is widely expressed both in intestinal segments, as well as other organs that are not associated with nutrient absorption. Further investigation is needed to characterize the functional relevance of xCT activity in oxidative stress and inflammation in the small intestine of broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brayden Schindell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Liju Ni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.,Shanghai Lab-Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Xia L, Guo T, Heng C, Jiang L, Wang D, Wang J, Li K, Zhan X. Research Note: Metabolic changes and physiological responses of broilers in the final stage of growth exposed to different environmental temperatures. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2017-2025. [PMID: 32241486 PMCID: PMC7587865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no information regarding the influence of heat stress (HS) on host metabolic profile. In this study, we investigated the effects of different environmental temperatures on oxidative status, hormone levels, HS indicators, and plasma metabolites in broilers. A total of 1,680 yellow-feather broilers (28 D old) were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates. The broilers (29–57 D old) were maintained in thermostatic rooms (20°C, 25°C, 28°C, and 30°C) for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that the plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities gradually increased when the temperature increased from 20°C to 30°C. However, the insulin-like growth factor-І level decreased gradually. Furthermore, heat shock protein 70 expression significantly increased in the liver and breast muscle (P < 0.01). As the temperature increased, the total anti-oxidant capacity in the plasma and liver gradually decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde level increased. The activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in the liver showed a similar increasing trend (P < 0.01). In addition, 15 metabolites were identified at higher (P < 0.05) levels, whereas 2 metabolites were identified at lower (P < 0.05) levels in the 30°C treatment group than those in the 25°C treatment group. Most of these potentially diagnostic biomarkers are involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, or gut microbiome-derived metabolism, indicating that HS affected the metabolic pathways in broilers. Six candidate metabolites (tartronic acid, l-bethreine, tartaric acid, allose, glutaric acid, and neohesperidin) were selected as biomarkers, as they showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing broilers under HS (P < 0.01). In conclusion, in the final stage of growth, we identified 6 plasma differential metabolites as potential biomarkers of HS-induced metabolic disorders in yellow-feathered broilers. This work offers new insights into the metabolic alterations of broilers exposed to HS and provides a new perspective for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Management Center, Zhoushan, China
| | - Tianyu Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chianning Heng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianchun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangshui Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bai X, Dai S, Li J, Xiao S, Wen A, Hu H. Glutamine Improves the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Profile and Antioxidant Status in Broilers Under Medium-Term Chronic Heat Stress. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
Effect of Varying Levels of Chromium Propionate on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110935. [PMID: 31703417 PMCID: PMC6912386 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study evaluated the effects of dietary chromium propionate supplementation on growth performance and blood biochemistry of broilers. Results showed that chromium propionate has improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers. Also, meat to fat ratio improved and lean meat may be produced. Based on the study results, the recommended level of chromium propionate supplementation to broiler diet for better performance and weight gain is 400 ppb. Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of varying levels of chromium propionate on blood biochemistry and growth performance of broilers (1–35 days). Five diets were formulated by using chromium propionate with inclusion levels of 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppb. A total of 300 broilers were divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds in each under completely randomized design. The starter feed intake remained unaffected (p > 0.05) whereas finisher and overall feed intake was different (p < 0.05) among different experimental groups. Feed conversion ratio and weight gain in starter, finisher and overall improved significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of chromium propionate. Blood glucose was decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary chromium level. Chromium supplementation did not affect antibodies titers against NDV and AIV-H9. Neither live, hilal, after skin removal, eviscerated, chest weight and legs with shanks weight nor liver and heart weights were affected (p > 0.05) while gizzard weight reduced significantly (p < 0.05) due to supplementation of chromium. On the basis of results, it may be concluded that chromium propionate supplementation improved weight gain and FCR and reduced blood glucose. However, better performance and weight gain may be achieved if chromium propionate is added at the rate of 400 ppb in broiler diets.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao JS, Deng W, Liu HW. Effects of chlorogenic acid-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaf on performance, meat quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid profile of meat in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3040-3049. [PMID: 30839075 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid-enriched extract (CGAE) from Eucommia ulmoides leaf on performance, meat quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in heat-stressed broilers, 400 28-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group (10 broilers per replicate). Broilers in the normal group (NOR) were kept at 22 ± 2°C (24 h/D) and fed the basal diet, and the other 3 groups were treated with cyclic heat (34 ± 2°C from 08:00 to 18:00 and 22 ± 2°C from 18:00 to 08:00) and fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (HT), 500 (CGAE500), and 1,000 mg (CGAE1000) mg of CGAE/kg of diet. The experiment lasted for 14 D. Compared with the HT group, broilers in the NOR and CGAE1000 groups had a higher average daily gain and a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). CGAE supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg increased pH24 value, a* value and total superoxide dismutase activity and reduced drip loss, cooking loss, L* value and the contents of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in breast meat of heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Broilers in the HT group showed lower mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (P = 0.004), and catalase (P < 0.001) in breast meat compared with the other groups. CGAE supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg reduced the stearic acid and saturated fatty acids (SFA) contents and increased the dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and n-6 PUFA contents and PUFA:SFA ratio in breast meat of heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CGAE supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg could alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on growth performance and meat quality and improve oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of breast meat in heat-stressed broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - W Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, P. R. China
| | - H W Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070235. [PMID: 31336672 PMCID: PMC6680731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Zhang T, Shen K, Li L, Peng Y, Mehmood K, Zhou D. Metabonomic analysis of the hepatic injury suffer from hexavalent chromium poisoning in broilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18181-18190. [PMID: 31037529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is used in daily life and has a wide range of functions. It plays an important role in protein synthesis and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Chromium is found in trivalent Cr(III) and hexavalent Cr(VI) form; Cr(III) is relatively stable and intimately participates with many phenomena of metabolisms. Whereas, Cr(VI) is toxic, which results in growth inhibition and leading to changes in components of antioxidant systems as well as secondary metabolites. However, the molecular mechanism that is involved in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity is still unclear. For this purpose, 40 chickens were randomly assigned into two groups: the normal group (feeding the basic diet and clear water), the chromium group (16%LD50, 74.24 mg/kg/day K2Cr2O7 ). The samples were subjected to pathological examination and UHPLC-QE-MS non-target metabolomics method for metabolomics analysis of broiler liver using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The central venous cells of the broiler liver in the chromium poisoning group showed turbidity and flaky necrosis, nuclear condensation, nuclear rupture, and even nuclear dissolution. The differential metabolite analysis between the chromium poisoning and the control group showed that 32 differential metabolites were upregulated and 15 were downregulated in positive ion mode. Whereas,17 differential metabolites were downregulated, and 35 were downregulated in negative ion mode (P ≤ 0.05). The potential marker substances are oleic acidamide, farnesylacetone, betaine, taurine, choline, and galactinol. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed that the lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, digestive system, and nervous system were the most important metabolic pathways in the liver. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future understanding of the pathogenesis of chromium poisoning and a new insight of the subsequent molecular mechanism of chromium hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Tianguang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ke Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Donghai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spears JW. Boron, Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Agricultural Animal Production. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:35-44. [PMID: 30259263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of research that has been conducted with manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and boron (B) in poultry, swine, and ruminants. Manganese is an essential trace mineral that functions as an enzyme component and enzyme activator. A deficiency of Mn results in a variety of bone abnormalities, and Mn deficiency signs have been observed under practical conditions in poultry and cattle. Chromium can potentiate the action of insulin, but whether Cr is an essential trace mineral is controversial. Insulin sensitivity has been enhanced by Cr in cattle, swine, and broilers. Responses to Cr supplementation have been variable. Production responses to Cr supplementation have been most consistent in animals exposed to various stressors (heat, cold, weaning, etc). The legality of supplementing Cr to animal diets varies among countries, Cr sources, and animal species. A specific biochemical function for Ni and B has not been identified in mammals. Signs of Ni deficiency have been produced experimentally in a number of animal species. Nickel may affect rumen microbial fermentation in ruminants, as Ni is a component of bacterial urease and cofactor F430 in methanogenic bacteria. There is little evidence that dietary Ni limits animal production under practical conditions. Beneficial effects of B supplementation on growth and bone strength have been seen in poultry and swine, but results have been variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry W Spears
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7621, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
White PE, Vincent JB. Systematic Review of the Effects of Chromium(III) on Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:99-126. [PMID: 30430417 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromium supplementation has been proposed to have beneficial effects in farm animals, particularly when under stress. The last two decades, in particular, have seen an emphasis on examining the effects of supplemental chromium on a variety of variables in chicks and chickens. Thus, given the recent approval of a Cr(III) compound for use in chicken feed in the United States and the recent surge in papers on the use of Cr in chicken feed, the need for a systematic review of studies utilizing chickens is extremely urgent and timely. With the exception of studies on cold-stressed laying hens, the results of studies of Cr supplementation of chickens, whether broilers or laying hens, were found to be too inconsistent for any firm conclusions to be drawn other than that Cr supplementation generally leads to accumulation of Cr in tissues. Few potential trends in terms or beneficial or deleterious effects from Cr supplementation were found regardless of strain of chicken, Cr source, Cr dose, duration of supplementation, or variable examined. Hence, in summary, no recommendation for the use of Cr as a supplement for the diet of chickens can be made at this time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandora E White
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA
| | - John B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma B, He X, Lu Z, Zhang L, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Chronic heat stress affects muscle hypertrophy, muscle protein synthesis and uptake of amino acid in broilers via insulin like growth factor-mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathway. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4150-4158. [PMID: 29982693 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress markedly impairs the growth performance of broilers, such as the reduction of breast muscle mass and yield. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism of depressed muscle mass and yield caused by heat stress. A total of 144 (28-day-old) male broilers were allocated randomly into 3 treatment groups: (1) the normal control group (environment temperature was 22°C), (2) the heat stress group (environment temperature was 32°C), (3) the pair-fed group (environment temperature was 22°C and pair-fed to heat stress group). The experiment lasted for 14 d (from the age of 28 to 42 d). After 14 d of heat exposure, heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) broiler average daily gain, breast muscle mass, and muscle yield, and increased (P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio. After 14 d of heat exposure, heat stress increased (P < 0.05) the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and the concentrations of uric acid and most amino acids in serum, and reduced (P < 0.05) the concentration of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum. Additionally, heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the 70 kD ribosomal protein S6 kinase, myogenic differentiation, myogenin, solute carrier family 38 member 2, solute carrier family 7 member 5, and solute carrier family 3 member 2 of the breast muscle. In conclusion, chronic heat stress resulted in lower breast muscle mass and yield, and decreased muscle protein synthesis and amino acid transportation by downregulating IGFs-mTOR signal pathway. These findings have important practical significance in discovering effective means to alleviate muscle loss caused by chronic heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Machac N, Kaya Karasu G, Sahin N, Orhan C, Sahin K, Iben C. Effects of supplementation of chromium histidinate on glucose, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:331-338. [PMID: 30467904 PMCID: PMC7379520 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, two meta-analyses of chromium (Cr) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Chromium histidinate (CrHis) reduces serum glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet but no study has been conducted on cats until now. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CrHis on glucose and lipid metabolism in cats. To challenge the glucose metabolism, 16 cats were fed a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet for three months. One group (n = 8) received 800 ug CrHis per day for two months, while the other group (n = 8) served as control group. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were measured. CrHis serum levels were significantly increased (p = 0.027) in the treatment group, while fructosamine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.029) in the control group. In both groups, glucose (p < 0.01), b-hydroxy-butyrate (p = 0.024) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (p = 0.028) levels decreased significantly and cholesterol levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CrHis did not improve glucose or lipid metabolism and did not affect oxidative stress in healthy cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Machac
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant CompoundsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gulsah Kaya Karasu
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant CompoundsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFirat UniversityElazigTurkey
| | - Christine Iben
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant CompoundsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|