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Hu Y, Wu W, Huang L, Zhang L, Cao C, Zhang W, Hu Y, Cui X, Li T, Wang S, Luo X. Zinc proteinate with moderate chelation strength enhances zinc absorption by upregulating the expression of zinc and amino acid transporters in primary cultured duodenal epithelial cells of broiler embryos. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae204. [PMID: 39031082 PMCID: PMC11362845 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent study showed that zinc (Zn) and amino acid transporters may be involved in enhancing Zn absorption from Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) in the duodenum of broilers. However, the specific mechanisms by which Zn-Prot M promotes the above Zn absorption are unknown. Therefore, in this study, 3 experiments were conducted to investigate specific and direct effects of Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate (ZnS) on Zn absorption and expression of related transporters in primary duodenal epithelial cells of broiler embryos so as to preliminarily address possible mechanisms. In experiment 1, cells were treated with 100 μmol Zn/L as ZnS or Zn-Prot M for 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 min. Experiment 2 consisted of 3 sub-experiments. In experiment 2A, cells were treated with a Zn-unsupplemented basal medium (Control) or the basal medium supplemented with 100 or 200 μmol Zn/L as ZnS or Zn-Prot M for 60 min; in experiment 2B, cells were treated with a Zn-unsupplemented basal medium (Control) or the basal medium supplemented with 200 μmol Zn/L of as the ZnS or Zn-Prot M for 120 min; in experiment 2C, cells were treated with a Zn-unsupplemented basal medium (Control) or the basal medium supplemented with 400 or 800 μmol Zn/L as ZnS or Zn-Prot M for 120 min. In experiment 3, cells were treated with a Zn-unsupplemented basal medium (Control) or the basal medium supplemented with 400 μmol Zn/L as ZnS or Zn-Prot M for 120 min. The results of experiment 1 indicated that the minimum incubation time for saturable Zn absorption was determined to be 50.83 min using the best fit line. The results in experiment 2 demonstrated that a Zn concentration of 400 μmol/L and an incubation time of 120 min were suitable to increase the absorption of Zn from Zn-Prot M compared to ZnS. In experiment 3, Zn absorption across cell monolayers was significantly increased by Zn addition (P < 0.05), and was significantly greater with Zn-Prot M than with ZnS (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, Zn addition significantly decreased Zn transporter 10 and peptide-transporter 1 mRNA expression levels and increased y + L-type amino transporter 2 (y + LAT2) protein abundance (P < 0.05). Moreover, protein expression levels of zrt/irt-like protein 3 (ZIP3), zrt-irt-like protein 5 (ZIP5), and y + LAT2 were significantly greater for Zn-Prot M than for ZnS (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Zn-Prot M promote Zn absorption by increasing ZIP3, ZIP5 and y + LAT2 protein expression levels in primary duodenal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Intraamniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Genistein Alters Mineral Transport, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173473. [PMID: 36079731 PMCID: PMC9458084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone naturally present in numerous staple food crops, such as soybeans and chickpeas. This study utilized the Gallus gallus intraamniotic administration procedure to assess genistein administration effects on trace mineral status, brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiome in vivo. Eggs were divided into five groups with 1 mL injection of the following treatments: no-injection, DI H2O, 5% inulin, and 1.25% and 2.5% genistein (n = 8 per group). Upon hatch, blood, cecum, small intestine, and liver were collected for assessment of hemoglobin, intestinal microflora alterations, intestinal morphometric assessment, and mRNA gene expression of relevant iron and zinc transporter proteins, respectively. This study demonstrated that intraamniotic administration of 2.5% genistein increased villus surface area, number of acidic goblet cells, and hemoglobin. Additionally, genistein exposure downregulated duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB) and upregulated hepcidin expression. Further, genistein exposure positively altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest a physiological role for genistein administration in improving mineral status, favorably altering BBM functionality and development, positively modulating the intestinal microbiome, as well as improving physiological status.
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Hu Y, Wang C, Wu W, Qu Y, Zhang W, Li D, Zhu L, Gao F, Wu B, Zhang L, Cui X, Li T, Geng Y, Luo X. Organic zinc with moderate chelation strength enhances zinc absorption in the small intestine and expression of related transporters in the duodenum of broilers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952941. [PMID: 35936908 PMCID: PMC9355254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the absorption of zinc (Zn) from the organic Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength was significantly higher than that of Zn from the inorganic Zn sulfate in the in situ ligated duodenal segment of broilers, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effect of organic Zn with moderate chelation strength and inorganic Zn on the Zn absorption in the small intestine and the expression of related transporters in the duodenum of broilers. The Zn-deficient broilers (13 days old) were fed with the Zn-unsupplemented basal diets (control) containing 25.72 and 25.64 mg Zn/kg by analysis or the basal diets supplemented with 60 mg Zn/kg as the Zn sulfate or the Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) for 26 days. The results showed that the plasma Zn contents from the hepatic portal vein of broilers at 28 days and 39 days of age were increased (p < 0.05) by Zn addition and greater (p < 0.05) in the Zn-Prot M than in the Zn sulfate. On d 28, Zn addition upregulated (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1), Zrt-irt-like protein 5 (ZIP5), y + L-type amino transporter 2 (y + LAT2) and b0,+-type amino acid transporter (rBAT), zinc transporter 4 (ZnT4) protein expression, and zinc transporter 9 (ZnT9) mRNA and protein expression in the duodenum. Moreover, ZnT9 mRNA expression, ZnT4, ZIP5, and rBAT protein expression, zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7), and y + LAT2 mRNA and protein expression in the duodenum of broilers on 28 days were higher (p < 0.05) in the Zn-Prot M than in the Zn sulfate. On d 39, supplemental Zn increased (p < 0.05) peptide-transporter 1 (PepT1) mRNA expression and y + LAT2 protein expression, while the mRNA expression of ZnT7 and Zrt-irt-like protein 3 (ZIP3) were higher (p < 0.05) for the Zn-Prot M than for the Zn sulfate in the duodenum. It was concluded that the Zn-Prot M enhanced the Zn absorption in the small intestine partially via upregulating the expression of ZnT4, ZnT7, ZnT9, ZIP3, ZIP5, y + LAT2, and rBAT in the duodenum of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Qu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ding Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feiyu Gao
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xugang Luo,
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Lee J, Hosseindoust A, Kim K, Kim T, Mun J, Chae B, Kim M. Improved Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Digestive Enzymes, Nutrient Digestibility and Zinc Bioavailability of Broiler Chickens with Nano-Sized Hot-Melt Extruded Zinc Sulfate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1321-1330. [PMID: 33954866 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the supplementation of hot-melt extrusion (HME) processed zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on the growth performance, antioxidative activity, pancreatic digestive enzyme, small intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and Zn content in broilers. The chicks were allocated to three treatments, each of which had five replicates of 15 chicks per replicate. The broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary treatments: the control (without supplemental Zn), IN-Zn (ZnSO4, 80 mg/kg), and HME-Zn (HME processed ZnSO4 as nano-Zn, 80 mg/kg). The broilers fed diets supplemented with 80 mg/kg of HME-Zn improved the BWG (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.05) compared to the broilers fed the control and IN-Zn diets in phase 2. The Zn supplementation significantly enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.05), and HME-Zn supplementation significantly increased the SOD in the liver compared to the IN-Zn supplementation. Reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was seen with the Zn supplementation compared to the control (P < 0.05). The chickens fed diets supplemented with the HME-Zn had higher activity of amylase (P < 0.05) and trypsin (P < 0.05) than those of the chickens fed the control and IN-Zn diets. The villus height (VH) in the duodenum (P < 0.05) and jejunum (P < 0.05) increased with the ZnSO4 and HME-Zn supplementation compared to the control. The VH and crypt depth rate (VH:CD) in the jejunum improved with the HME-Zn compared to the control (P < 0.05). The HME-Zn significantly increased the apparent ileal digestible crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and energy corrected by nitrogen (AIDEn) (P < 0.05) compared to the control or IN-Zn. In phases 1 and 2, the HME-Zn significantly increased Zn concentration in the liver and tibia compared to control and IN-Zn (P < 0.05). The excretion of Zn was significantly decreased in the HME-Zn compared to the IN-Zn (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 80 mg/kg of HME-Zn in diets improved the growth performance, antioxidative activity, pancreatic enzyme activity, intestinal villus height, and nutrient digestibility with the improved Zn bioavailability in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHyung Lee
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - KwangYeoul Kim
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeGyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - ByungJo Chae
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJu Kim
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Cardoso D, Romeo A, Durosoy S, Meme N, Chevalier Y, Narcy A. Effect of the physicochemical properties of zinc oxide sources on their bioavailability in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:846-851. [PMID: 34114920 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1940862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The bioavailability of a trace mineral source is related to its intestinal solubility (bioaccessibility), which in turn is determined by its physicochemical properties. It is still not clear which characteristics are more relevant in affecting solubility and bioavailability of mineral sources. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a common feed additive used to supplement zinc in the diet of monogastric animals. However, different sources have shown variable responses on animal bioavailability.2. This study hypothesised that different sources of feed grade ZnO have various physicochemical features that lead to distinct bioavailability values. Feed grade ZnO samples collected from the feed industry worldwide were characterised for their physicochemical features and tested in broilers to allow bioavailability determined.3. A total of 135 male Cobb broiler chickens were fed a standard starter diet from day 1 after hatching up to d 7. At d 8, animals were allocated in individual cages and fed one of the following dietary treatments during 15 days: a basal diet with 23.5 ppm of zinc and seven test diets with supplemented ZnO or zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) at 6 or 12 ppm.4. Different sources of ZnO showed an effect of solubility in the stomach and supplementation influenced total Zn levels in the ileum. The bioavailability of the different sources varied from 49% to 160% in relation to ZnSO4. Aggregate size of particles seems to explain most of the variability in the bioavailability of the different sources tested in broilers. In conclusion, physicochemical properties of ZnO can partly explain the variability observed in terms of biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cardoso
- LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 507, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,UMR BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.,R&D Department, Animine, Annecy, France
| | - A Romeo
- R&D Department, Animine, Annecy, France
| | - S Durosoy
- R&D Department, Animine, Annecy, France
| | - N Meme
- UMR BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Chevalier
- LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 507, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Narcy
- UMR BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Han Y, Liu W, Chen L, Xin X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Jin M, Gao Z, Huang W. Effective oral delivery of Exenatide-Zn 2+ complex through distal ileum-targeted double layers nanocarriers modified with deoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid in diabetes therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120944. [PMID: 34153783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration route is popular with T2DM patients because they need convenience in lifelong medication. At present, oral Exenatide is not available on the market and therefore the relevant studies are valuable. Herein, we constructed a novel dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle for oral delivery of Exenatide, which was based on the functionalized materials of deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine and glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid. The hydrophobic deoxycholic acid strengthened the nanoparticles and the hydrophilic glycolic acid targeted to specific transporter. We first condensed Exenatide-Zn2+ complex with deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine to prepare nanocomplexes with ζ-potentials of +8 mV and sizes of 95 nm. Then, we used glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid copolymers masking the positive charge of nanocomplexes to prepare nanoparticles with negative charges of -22 mV and homogeneous sizes of 140 nm. As a result, this dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle demonstrated enhanced uptake and transport of Exenatide, and a special targeting to apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter in vitro. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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van Kuijk SJA, Han Y, Garcia-Ruiz AI, Rodiles A. Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance, carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 33685507 PMCID: PMC7941882 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) on growth performance, carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals (STM). In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided into 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per treatment. Four different treatments were tested according to a 2 × 2 factorial study design, where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high (80 mg/kg Zn) or low Zn dosage (20 mg/kg Zn). In all treatments 15 mg/kg Cu was added from the same mineral source as the Zn. Body weight and feed intake were measured on day 0, 10, 27 and 34, while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study (day 34). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome (day 34). RESULTS The results showed an improved (P < 0.05) body weight of broiler chickens fed HTM, regardless of Zn level, on day 27, while on day 34 this effect remained as a tendency (P = 0.0542). In the overall study period, birds fed HTM had a higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to birds fed STM. The mineral source did not affect the carcass characteristics, however, feeding 80 mg/kg Zn resulted in a significantly higher (P = 0.0171) breast meat yield, regardless of source. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed birds. Taxonomical differences were mainly found in the cecum, specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from HTM. This correlated with the mineral contents observed in the cecal digesta. Comparing both groups fed 80 mg/kg Zn, the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Clostridia, Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM group. CONCLUSIONS HTM improved growth performance of broiler chickens; and the source and level of Zn modulated the gut microbiota communities in broilers differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800, AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Rodiles
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800, AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Santos TSD, Augusto KVZ, Han Y, Sartori MMP, Denadai JC, Santos CT, Sobral NC, Roça RO, Sartori JR. High levels of copper and zinc supplementation in broiler diets on growth performance, carcase traits and apparent ileal mineral absorption. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:579-588. [PMID: 33555207 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1887453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. This study investigated the effects of hydroxy trace minerals (HTM) compared to sulphate trace minerals (STM) supplementation on growth performance, carcase parameters and mineral retention in broilers.2. A total of 1792 male Cobb 500 d-old were allocated in a completely randomised trial design to one of eight dietary treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The HTM sources used were two levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CHC) (low and high), combined with three levels of Zn hydroxychloride (ZHC) (low, med and high) and two additional treatments STM; Cu sulphate monohydrate (CSM) (low and high) combined with high Zn sulphate monohydrate (ZSM). At 21 and 42 d-old growth performance was evaluated. Additionally, at 42 d-old the carcase traits, meat quality, apparent ileal absorption and activity of antioxidant enzymes were accessed.3. A data showed that broilers receiving high-CHC had higher body weight, weight gain and better feed conversion ratio as compared to low-CHC at 21 d-old. On day 42, the feed conversion ratio was improved for birds supplemented with high-CHC in diets containing med-ZHC, as compared to low-CHC.4. Dietary Cu increased the redness of breast colour at the level of high-CHC compared to low-CHC. Greater results were observed on carcase traits for the med-ZHC group as compared to low- or high-ZHC. The ceruloplasmin activity in serum increased in the high-CSM diets containing high-ZSM as compared to low-CSM. The AIA of Cu was higher in broilers supplemented with high-CHC containing med-ZHC as compared to low-CHC. Otherwise, the AIA of Zn increased in broilers fed low-CHC containing low- or med-ZHC as compared to high-CHC.5. The trial showed that mineral trace supplementation of broilers diets with high-CHC (150 mg/kg) and low-ZHC (80 mg/kg) was a good alternative to replace sulphate mineral sources in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - K V Z Augusto
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Y Han
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M M P Sartori
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J C Denadai
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - C T Santos
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - N C Sobral
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - R O Roça
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J R Sartori
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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9
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Han Q, Guo Y, Zhang B, Nie W. Effects of Dietary Zinc on Performance, Zinc Transporters Expression, and Immune Response of Aged Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:231-242. [PMID: 31773485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation on performance, zinc transporter gene expression, and immune function in aged laying hens. In experiment 1, twenty 31-week-old hens (young) and twenty 60-week-old hens (old) with the same genetic background were fed with the same diet for 4 weeks. In experiment 2, a basal diet supplemented with zinc sulfate (ZnS) and zinc glycine chelate (ZnG) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg Zn/kg to constitute nine experimental diets. Eight hundred and ten 60-week-old layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 9 treatments, 6 replicates of 15 birds each, and birds were fed for 10 weeks. In experiment 1, results showed that zinc and metallothionein (MT) concentration in the shell gland of old hens was significantly lower than young layers (P < 0.05). Zinc transporters ZnT1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in old layers were significantly lower versus the young (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, results indicated that dietary zinc supplementation did not significantly affect the laying rate, average feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency, broken egg rate, or mortality (P > 0.05). Supplemental ZnG significantly improved eggshell breaking strength than ZnS, with a higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more abundant ZnT4 expression in shell gland versus ZnS (P < 0.05). ZnG supplementation at 90 mg Zn/kg affected the duodenal mucus by significantly increasing ZnT1, 6, 7, ZIP13, and MT-4 mRNA level (P < 0.05). Zinc level significantly increased bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody concentration on 14 day after BSA injection (P < 0.05). Supplementation of ZnG improved eggshell quality of aged layers by upgrading zinc transporter expression in the shell gland and intestine also enhanced humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Holodova M, Cobanova K, Sefcikova Z, Barszcz M, Tuśnio A, Taciak M, Gresakova L. Dietary Zinc and Fibre Source can Influence the Mineral and Antioxidant Status of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E497. [PMID: 31362348 PMCID: PMC6720890 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of dietary zinc glycine chelate and potato fibre on the absorption and utilisation of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn; the activity of Zn-containing enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; alkaline phosphatase, ALP); and zinc transporter concentrations (metalothionein1, MT1; zinc transporter1, ZnT1) in tissues, with a special emphasis on the small intestine. Twenty-four barrows (Danbred × Duroc) were randomly allotted to four diets (supplemented with 10 g/kg of crude fibre and 120 mg Zn/kg) that consisted of cellulose and either zinc sulphate (C) or zinc glycinate (ZnGly), or contained potato fibre supplemented with ZnSO4 (PF) or ZnGly (PF + ZnGly). Feeding PF can influence the Zn absorption in the small intestine due to reduced zinc transporters MT1 and ZnT1 in the jejunum. The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and liver ZnT1, and duodenal iron concentrations were increased in the PF treatments. Dietary ZnGly did not significantly influence the Zn distribution, but it may alter the absorption of Fe and Mn. Given the elevated content of thiol groups and the Zn/Cu ratio in plasma, as well as the altered SOD activity and MT content in the tissues, we can conclude that feeding PF and ZnGly can influence the mineral and antioxidant status of growing piglets. However, further research is needed in order to elucidate the effect of both dietary sources on the transport systems of other minerals in enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Holodova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Cobanova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sefcikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marcin Barszcz
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Anna Tuśnio
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marcin Taciak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Lubomira Gresakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia.
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11
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Wang ZC, Yu HM, Xie JJ, Cui H, Nie H, Zhang T, Gao XH. Effect of dietary zinc pectin oligosaccharides chelate on growth performance, enzyme activities, Zn accumulation, metallothionein concentration, and gene expression of Zn transporters in broiler chickens1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2114-2124. [PMID: 30753602 PMCID: PMC6488314 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of zinc pectin oligosaccharides chelate (Zn-POS) on growth performance, serum enzyme activities, tissue zinc accumulation, metallothionein (MT) concentrations, and gene expression of zinc transporters (ZnT) in broilers. Five hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 18 birds per replicate. The diets were formulated with the same supplemental Zn level (80 mg/kg diet) but different amount of the Zn-POS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg Zn-POS/kg diet. ZnSO4 was used to adjust to the desired amount of the Zn (80 mg/kg) in the Zn-POS diets. Broilers were fed with the experimental diets for 42 d including the starter (days 1 to 21) and grower (days 22 to 42) phases. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of Zn-POS linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio during 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d as well as body weight on day 42, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) the sum of mortality and lag abnormalities in broilers on day 42. Besides, serum alkaline phosphatase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activities increased (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in response to dietary Zn-POS supplemental level on day 42. Dietary Zn-POS supplementation increased Zn accumulation in serum (linear, P < 0.05), liver (linear, P < 0.05), and pancreas (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). In addition, Zn-POS supplementation linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) MT concentrations in liver and pancreas of broilers. Pancreatic mRNA levels of MT, ZnT-1, and ZnT-2 increased (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically, and the mRNA expression of metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 increased linearly (P < 0.05), in response to dietary Zn-POS supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of Zn-POS in the diet increases Zn enrichment in the metabolic organs such as liver and pancreas and promotes productive performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Cheng Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Min Yu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing Xie
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cui
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nie
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiu Hua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Mayer AN, Vieira SL, Berwanger E, Angel CR, Kindlein L, França I, Noetzold TL. Zinc requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1288-1301. [PMID: 30329123 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating their Zn requirements. The study was composed of 3 phases: adaptation to cages (basal diet), depletion (deficient diet containing 18.7 ± 0.47 ppm Zn) for 7 wk, and experimental phases. Hens were fed diets with graded increments of Zn sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), totaling 18.7 ± 0.47, 50.3 ± 10.6, 77.3.0 ± 11.0, 110.2 ± 12.8, 140 ± 12.2, and 170.6 ± 13.2 ppm analyzed Zn in feeds for 12 wk (experimental phase). Requirements of Zn were done using quadratic polynomial (QP), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and exponential asymptotic (EA) models. In general, the non-linear statistical models were the ones that best fit the results in this study. Requirements obtained for hen day egg production and settable egg production were 83.3, 78.6 ppm and 61.4, 65.4 ppm for period of 33 to 36 wk, and 63.3, 53.1 and 60.4, 46.1 ppm for period of 37 to 40 wk, and 62.8, 52.8, and 67.7, 62.1 ppm for period of 41 to 44 wk, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Total eggs and total settable eggs produced per hen had Zn requirements estimated as 75.7, 64.7 ppm, and 56.5, 41.5 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models, whereas for alkaline phosphatase and eggshell percentage were 161.8, 124.9 ppm and 126.1, 122.4 ppm, using QP and BLQ models. Maximum responses for Zn in yolk for periods of 37 to 40 and 41 to 44 wk were 71.0, 78.1 and 64.5, 59.6 ppm, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Breaking strength had Zn requirements estimated at 68.0 and 96.7 ppm, whereas eggshell palisade layer and eggshell thickness were maximized with 67.9, 67.9 ppm, and 67.7, 64.4 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models. The average of all Zn requirement estimates obtained by EA and BLQ models in the present study was 72.28 ppm or 11.1 mg/hen/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Mayer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - E Berwanger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C R Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, USA
| | - L Kindlein
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I França
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T L Noetzold
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Wang Z, Yu H, Xie J, Cui H, Gao X. Effect of pectin oligosaccharides and zinc chelate on growth performance, zinc status, antioxidant ability, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:935-946. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Wang
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hu Cui
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
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14
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Olukosi OA, van Kuijk S, Han Y. Copper and zinc sources and levels of zinc inclusion influence growth performance, tissue trace mineral content, and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3891-3898. [PMID: 29982614 PMCID: PMC6162356 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 35-d experiment was conducted in broilers to study the effect of supplementation of sulfate or hydroxychloride forms of Zn and Cu at 2 supplemental Zn levels on growth performance, meat yield, and tissue levels of Zn. On day 0, 900 male Ross 308 broiler chicks (45 ± 1.10 g) were allocated to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design and 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were 2 sources (sulfate or hydroxychloride) of Zn and Cu and 2 levels (low or high) of Zn. The Zn sources were zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZSM) or hydroxychloride Zn. Copper sources were copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate or hydroxychloride Cu. Each of the 4 treatments had 15 replicates and 15 birds per replicate. Birds were weighed on days 0, 21, and 35 for growth performance. On day 35, left tibia bone, liver, and blood were collected from 4 randomly selected birds per pen. In addition, 7 birds per pen were used for carcass evaluation. There was no significant source × level interaction on any of the growth performance response. Broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu had greater (P < 0.05) gain: feed, whereas broiler chickens receiving lower Zn level had greater (P < 0.01) weight gain. There was no source × level interaction on meat yield. Broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu had greater (P < 0.05) % breast yield than those receiving sulfate Zn and Cu. Higher level of Zn, irrespective of source, produced greater (P < 0.01) tibia and plasma Zn levels, whereas liver Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu. It was concluded that hydroxychloride Zn and Cu were more efficacious than sulfate Zn and Cu in promoting growth performance and enhancing meat yield in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Liao XD, Suo HQ, Lu L, Hu YX, Zhang LY, Luo XG. Effects of sodium, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone fragment on inorganic P absorption and Type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter expression in ligated duodenal loops of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2344-2350. [PMID: 28339773 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with 22-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers to study the effects of Na+, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and parathyroid hormone fragment [PTH (1-34)] on inorganic P absorption and Type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaP-IIb) mRNA and protein expression levels in ligated duodenal loops. The duodenal loops were perfused with solutions (pH = 6) containing zero, 50, or 150 mmol/L of Na+ as NaCl in Exp. 1, containing zero, 30, or 300 pmol/L of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in Exp. 2, or containing zero, 65, or 650 pmol/L of PTH (1-34) in Exp. 3, respectively. Compared with the control, additions of 50 and 150 mmol/L of Na+, 30 and 300 pmol/L of 1,25-(OH)2D3, or 65 and 650 pmol/L of PTH (1-34) to the perfusates promoted (P < 0.02) the P absorption percentages and rates, respectively. Additions of the above-mentioned concentrations of Na+ or 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the perfusates increased (P < 0.003) NaP-IIb mRNA level in the duodenum of broilers, and a similar trend (P = 0.08) was observed for PTH (1-34). The Na+, 1,25-(OH)2D3, and PTH (1-34) had no effects (P > 0.15) on NaP-IIb protein level in the duodenum of broilers. The results indicate that increased P absorption due to perfusions of Na+, 1,25-(OH)2D3 or PTH (1-34) might be attributed to enhanced NaP-IIb expression in the duodenum of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - H Q Suo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Y X Hu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Y Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - X G Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang LY, Li XF, Liao XD, Zhang LY, Lu L, Luo XG. Effect of iron source on iron absorption and gene expression of iron transporters in the ligated duodenal loops of broilers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1587-1597. [PMID: 28464091 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron source on Fe absorption and the gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in the ligated duodenal loops of broilers. The in situ ligated duodenal loops from Fe-deficient broiler chicks (28-d-old) were perfused with Fe solutions containing 0 to 14.33 mmol Fe/L from 1 of the following: Fe sulfate (FeSO∙7HO), Fe methionine with weak chelation strength (Fe-Met W; chelation strength is expressed as quotient of formation [Q] value, Q = 1.37), Fe proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Fe-Prot M; Q = 43.6), and Fe proteinate with extremely strong chelation strength (Fe-Prot ES; Q = 8,590) for up to 30 min. The gene expression of DMT1 and FPN1 in the duodenal loops from the control group and the groups treated with 3.58 mmol Fe/L from 1 of 4 Fe sources was analyzed. The absorption kinetics of Fe from different Fe sources in the duodenum followed a saturated carrier-dependent transport process. The maximum transport rate (J) values in the duodenum were greater ( < 0.03) for Fe-Prot ES and Fe-Prot M than for Fe-Met W and FeSO∙7HO. The Fe perfusion inhibited ( < 0.05) the mRNA expression of but enhanced ( < 0.0008) the mRNA expression of in the duodenum and had no effect ( > 0.14) on the protein expression levels of the 2 transporters. These results indicated that organic Fe sources with greater Q values showed higher Fe absorption; however, all Fe sources followed the same saturated carrier-dependent transport process in the duodenum, and DMT1 and FPN1 might participate in Fe absorption in the duodenum of broilers regardless of Fe source.
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Abstract
In Expt 1, a Zn-unsupplemented basal diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with one of four different Zn sources, including ZnSO4, Zn-amino acid chelate with a weak chelation strength (Zn-AA W), Zn-protein chelate with a moderate chelation strength (Zn-Pro M) and Zn-protein chelate with a strong chelation strength (Zn-Pro S) were fed to broiler chickens from days 14 to 28. On day 28, Zn content in plasma from the hepatic portal vein increased (P0·05) and Zn-AA W(P<0·04) were higher than those for ZnSO4. These findings indicate that organic Zn absorption (especially Zn-Pro S) in intact living broilers was more effective than that of inorganic Zn; organic Zn absorption in the ligated duodenal segment was a saturable carrier-mediated process similar to that of ZnSO4. Moreover, except for MT, there might be other Zn transporters involved in Zn absorption that are affected by different Zn sources.
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Zhang LY, Liao XD, Zhang LY, Lu L, Luo XG. Kinetics of iron absorption by in situ ligated small intestinal loops of broilers involved in iron transporters. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:5219-5229. [PMID: 28046154 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted with 28-d-old commercial male broilers to study the kinetics of iron (Fe) absorption and the effect of Fe treatment on divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) mRNA levels in in situ ligated segments from different small intestinal regions of broilers. In Exp. 1, we compared Fe absorption in 3 small intestinal segments at different post-perfusion time points after perfusion with 0.45 m of Fe as Fe sulfate (FeSO ∙ 7HO), and found that the Fe absorption in the duodenum at 30, 45, and 60 min was greater ( < 0.006) than that in the jejunum, and at 60 min, the Fe absorption in the duodenum was greater ( = 0.034) than that in the ileum. In addition, the Fe absorption at 30 min was more than 85.0% of the maximum absorption in each segment. In Exp. 2, a kinetic study of Fe absorption was performed with the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal loops perfused with solutions containing 0 (control), 0.11, 0.22, 0.45, 0.80, 1.79, or 3.58 m of Fe as FeSO 7HO. The Fe concentrations in perfusates were measured at 30 min after perfusion, and in the control group and the group treated with 0.45 m Fe as FeSO 7HO, the DMT1 and FPN1 mRNA levels in the ligated duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were analyzed. The kinetic curves of Fe absorption showed that Fe absorption in the duodenum and jejunum depended on a saturated carrier-mediated process. The maximum absorption rate in the duodenal segment was greater ( < 0.0001) than that in the jejunum (42.75 vs. 8.16 nmol × cm × min), and the Michaelis-Menten constant value was higher ( < 0.0001) in the duodenum than in the jejunum (6.16 vs. 1.31 m). In the ileum, however, the Fe absorption was a non-saturated diffusion process, and the diffusive constant was 3.54 × 10 cm × min. The DMT1 and FPN1 mRNA levels in the duodenum were greater ( < 0.0001) than those in the jejunum and ileum, and greater ( < 0.009) in the jejunum than in the ileum. No differences ( > 0.25) were detected in the DMT1 and FPN1 mRNA levels of the duodenum or jejunum and the DMT1 mRNA level of the ileum between the control and the 0.45 m Fe group, but Fe perfusion increased ( < 0.03) FPN1 mRNA level in the ileum. The above results indicate that the duodenum is the main site of Fe absorption in the small intestine of broilers, and Fe absorption in the duodenum and jejunum is a saturated carrier-mediated process, but a non-saturated diffusion process in the ileum.
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Liu SB, Hu YX, Liao XD, Lu L, Li SF, Zhang LY, Tan HZ, Yang L, Suo HQ, Luo XG. Kinetics of phosphorus absorption in ligated small intestinal segments of broilers1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3312-3320. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Liu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Corporation Ltd., Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, P. R. China
| | - Y. X. Hu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - X. D. Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - L. Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - S. F. Li
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Corporation Ltd., Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, P. R. China
- Department of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - L. Y. Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - H. Z. Tan
- Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Corporation Ltd., Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, P. R. China
| | - L. Yang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - H. Q. Suo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - X. G. Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Tang ZG, Chen GY, Li LF, Wen C, Wang T, Zhou YM. Effect of zinc-bearing zeolite clinoptilolite on growth performance, zinc accumulation, and gene expression of zinc transporters in broilers. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:620-6. [PMID: 25548200 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated Zn-bearing zeolite clinoptilolite (Zn-ZCP) as a Zn supplement on performance, organ or tissue development, Zn accumulation in tissues, and gene expression of Zn transporters in the duodenum of broilers. A total of 300 1-d-old Arbor Acres chickens were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment for a 21-d feeding period. The treatments comprised a basal corn–soybean meal diet without supplemental Zn (the control) or similar diets supplemented with 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO4 or 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg Zn from Zn- ZCP, respectively. Supplementation of Zn-ZCP had a positive effect on G:F (linear, P < 0.05) and had tendency difference on ADG (linear, P < 0.1) of broilers during 1 to 21 d. Incremental Zn-ZCP inclusion in the diet increased the fresh weight of the pancreas (linear, P < 0.05) and tibia (linear, P < 0.05) in broilers on d 14. The same trend to the fresh weight of the tibia (linear, P < 0.05) and pancreas (linear, P < 0.05) was observed on d 21. Increasing Zn-ZCP level showed a linear response on Zn concentration in the liver (linear, P < 0.001), pancreas (linear, P < 0.05), and tibia (linear, P < 0.05) on d 14. The same trend of Zn concentrations in pancreas (linear, P < 0.05) and tibia (linear, P < 0.001) was observed on d 21. The mRNA levels of Zn transporter 2 (ZnT-2) and Zn transporter 5 (ZnT-5) in the duodenum of chicks fed the diet with 80 mg/kg Zn from Zn-ZCP did not differ from those of chicks fed the control diet, but both were lower (P < 0.05) than those of chicks fed ZnSO4 diet. Metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels of broilers fed the diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg Zn from Zn-ZCP or ZnSO4 was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Dietary treatments did not affect the mRNA expression of Zn transporter 1 (ZnT-1) or metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). In conclusion, as a Zn supplement, Zn-ZCP was comparable to ZnSO4 for enhancing Zn accumulation and growth performance of broilers during 1 to 21 d. Broilers fed the diet with 80 mg/kg Zn from Zn-ZCP had different expressions of ZnT-2 and ZnT-5 in the duodenum compared with those fed the ZnSO4 diet.
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Jia YF, Jiang MM, Sun J, Shi RB, Liu DS. Studies on different iron source absorption by in situ ligated intestinal loops of broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:154-61. [PMID: 25422090 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the iron source absorption in the small intestine of broiler. In situ ligated intestinal loops of 70 birds were poured into one of seven solutions, including inorganic iron (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3), organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)), the mixtures (FeSO4 with glycine (Fe+Gly(II)), Fe2(SO4)3 with glycine (Fe+Gly(III)), and no Fe source (control). The total volume of 3-mL solution (containing 1 mg of elemental Fe) was injected into intestinal loops, and then 120-min incubation was performed. Compared with inorganic iron groups, in which higher FeSO4 absorption than Fe2(SO4)3 was observed, supplementation with organic Fe glycine chelate significantly increased the Fe concentration in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), however, decreased DMT1 and DcytB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (P < 0.05). Organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)) increased serum iron concentration (SI), compared with inorganic 3 valence iron groups (Fe2(SO4)3 and Fe+Gly(III)) (P < 0.05); moreover, lower TIBC value was observed for the chelate (P < 0.05); however, mixture of inorganic iron and glycine did not have a positive role at DMT1 and DcytB mRNA levels, SI and Fe concentrations in the small intestine. Those results indicated that the absorption of organic Fe glycine chelate was more effective than that of inorganic Fe, and the orders of iron absorption in the small intestine were: Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III) > FeSO4, Fe+Gly(II) > Fe2(SO4)3, Fe+Gly(III). Additionally, the simple mixture of inorganic iron and glycine could not increase Fe absorption, and the duodenum was the main site of Fe absorption in the intestines of broilers and the ileum absorbed iron rarely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Li L, Li P, Chen Y, Wen C, Zhuang S, Zhou Y. Zinc-bearing zeolite clinoptilolite improves tissue zinc accumulation in laying hens by enhancing zinc transporter gene mRNA abundance. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:782-9. [PMID: 25597922 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate effects of zinc-bearing zeolite clinoptilolite (ZnCP), as an alternative for zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), on laying performance, tissue Zn accumulation and Zn transporter genes expression in laying hens. Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allocated to three treatments, each of which had six replicates with 15 hens per replicate, receiving basal diet supplemented with ZnSO4 (control, 80 mg Zn/kg diet), 0.23% ZnCP (40.25 mg Zn/kg diet) and 0.46% ZnCP (80.50 mg Zn/kg diet) for 8 weeks, respectively. Compared with control, hens fed diet containing 0.23% ZnCP had similar Zn content in measured tissues (P > 0.05). A higher ZnCP inclusion (0.46%) enhanced Zn accumulation in liver (P < 0.05) and pancreas (P < 0.05). In addition, ZnCP inclusion increased blood iron (Fe) content (P < 0.05). ZnCP supplementation enhanced jejunal metallothionein-4 (MT-4) messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance (P < 0.05). ZnCP inclusion at a higher level (0.46%) increased mRNA expression of MT-4 in pancreas (P < 0.05) and zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) in jejunum (P < 0.05). The highest ZnT-2 mRNA abundance in jejunum was found in hens fed 0.23% ZnCP inclusion diet (P < 0.05). The results indicated that ZnCP reached a higher bioavailability as compared with ZnSO4 as evidenced by enhanced tissue Zn accumulation and Zn transporter genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Romeo A, Vacchina V, Legros S, Doelsch E. Zinc fate in animal husbandry systems. Metallomics 2014; 6:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Study on Zn relative concentration and chemical state in broilers duodenum by micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray absorption fine structure. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Shen SF, Wang RL, Lu L, Li SF, Liu SB, Xie JJ, Zhang LY, Wang ML, Luo XG. Effect of intravenously injected zinc on tissue zinc and metallothionein gene expression of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:381-90. [PMID: 23705842 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.787158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of intravenously injected zinc (Zn) on tissue Zn concentrations and pancreas metallothionein (MT) gene expression in broilers was investigated to detect differences in the tissue utilisation of Zn from different Zn sources. 2. A total of 432 male chickens were randomly allotted on d 22 post-hatch to one of nine treatments in a completely randomised design. Chickens were injected with either a 0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution (control) or a saline solution supplemented with Zn sulphate or one of three organic Zn chelates with weak (Zn-AA W), moderate (Zn-Pro M) or strong (Zn-Pro S) chelation strengths at two injected Zn dosages calculated according to two Zn absorbability levels (6 and 12%). 3. Bone and pancreas Zn concentrations, pancreas MT mRNA levels and MT concentrations increased on d 6 and 12 after Zn injections as the injected Zn dosages increased. Chickens injected with the Zn-Pro S had lower bone Zn concentration than those injected with the Zn-Pro M or Zn-AA W on d 6 after injections. However, no differences among Zn sources were observed in bone Zn concentration on d 12 after injections, pancreas Zn concentrations, pancreas MT mRNA levels and MT concentrations on both d 6 and d 12 after injections. 4. It was concluded that the injected Zn-Pro S was the least favourable for bone Zn utilisation of broilers. The pancreas Zn concentration and pancreas MT gene expressions might not be sensitive enough to detect differences in the tissue utilisation of injected Zn in broilers between organic and inorganic Zn sources or among organic Zn sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Shen
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,No. 2Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang RL, Liang JG, Lu L, Zhang LY, Li SF, Luo XG. Effect of zinc source on performance, zinc status, immune response, and rumen fermentation of lactating cows. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:16-24. [PMID: 23279942 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of zinc (Zn) source on the performance, Zn status, immune response, and rumen fermentation of lactating cows to find the most available Zn source for dairy production. In Experiment 1, a total of 30 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated by body weight and milk yield to one of five treatments in a completely randomized design. Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with no Zn addition (containing 37.60 mg Zn/kg TMR by analysis), and the basal TMR supplemented with 40 mg Zn/kg TMR from either Zn sulfate or one of three organic Zn chelates with weak (Zn-AA W), moderate (Zn-Pro M), or strong (Zn-Pro S) chelation strengths, respectively for 55 days. In Experiment 2, the in vitro rumen fermentation method was used in a completely randomized design involving a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The four Zn sources were the same as those used in Experiment 1, and the three supplemental Zn levels in the rumen fluid were 0, 10, and 20 μg/mL, respectively. The feed intake, milk composition, and somatic cell count (SCC) were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatments. However, the milk yield was increased (P < 0.05) by addition of Zn from both the Zn-AA W and Zn-Pro S. Plasma Zn level at the end of the experiment was increased (P < 0.05) by addition of Zn from all three organic sources. Serum antibody titers on day 21 after vaccination with foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were increased (P < 0.05) by both supplemental Zn-AA W and Zn-Pro S. The organic Zn sources with different chelation strengths supplemented at the added Zn level of 10 μg/mL were more effective (P < 0.05) in improving the rumen fermentation than Zn sulfate, with the most effective being Zn-AA W. In conclusion, Zn source had no influence on the feed intake, milk composition, and SCC; however, both the Zn-AA W and Zn-Pro S were more effective than Zn-Pro M and Zn sulfate in enhancing the rumen fermentation, Zn status, and humoral immune response as well as improving milk yield of lactating cows. The improved milk production might be attributed to the improved rumen fermentation, Zn status, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run L Wang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Yu Y, Lu L, Wang R, Xi L, Luo X, Liu B. Effects of zinc source and phytate on zinc absorption by in situ ligated intestinal loops of broilers. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2157-65. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tako E, Rutzke MA, Glahn RP. Using the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) as an in vivo model for iron bioavailability. Poult Sci 2010; 89:514-21. [PMID: 20181868 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron fortification of foods and biofortification of staple food crops are strategies that can help to alleviate Fe deficiency. The broiler chicken may be a useful model for initial in vivo screening of Fe bioavailability in foods due to its growth rate, anatomy, size, and low cost. In this study, we assess the broiler as a model for hemoglobin (Hb) maintenance studies and present a unique duodenal loop technique for direct measurement of intestinal Fe absorption. One-week-old chicks were allocated into Fe-deficient versus Fe-adequate treatment groups. For 6 wk, blood Hb, feed consumption, and BW were measured. At wk 7, birds were anesthetized and their duodenal loops were exposed. The loop was isolated and a nonocclusive catheter was inserted into the duodenal vein for blood sampling. A stable isotope solution containing (58)Fe (1 mg of Fe in 10 mM ascorbic acid) was injected into the loop. Blood samples were collected every 5 min and for 120 min postinjection and analyzed by inductively coupled argon-plasma mass spectrometry for (58)Fe concentrations. In the low-Fe group, Hb concentrations, total body Hb Fe, and BW were lower and Hb maintenance efficiency (indicator for dietary Fe availability) was higher than in the high-Fe group (P < 0.05). Iron absorption was higher in the Fe-deficient birds (P < 0.05). In addition, expression of proteins involved in Fe uptake and transfer [i.e., divalent metal transporter 1 (Fe uptake transporter), ferroportin (involved in Fe transport across the enterocyte), and duodenal cytochrome B reductase (reduces Fe at brush border membrane)] were elevated in the low-Fe group. These results indicate that this model exhibits the appropriate responses to Fe deficiency and has potential to serve as a model for Fe bioavailability. Such a model should be most useful as an intermediate test of in vivo Fe bioavailability observations in preparation for subsequent human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tako
- Department of Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Jou MY, Hall AG, Philipps AF, Kelleher SL, Lönnerdal B. Tissue-specific alterations in zinc transporter expression in intestine and liver reflect a threshold for homeostatic compensation during dietary zinc deficiency in weanling rats. J Nutr 2009; 139:835-41. [PMID: 19297427 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal zinc (Zn) absorption and liver Zn mobilization are presumed to regulate Zn homeostasis. Several Zn transporters have been identified; however, their contribution to Zn homeostasis is poorly understood. Moreover, their regulation during periods of growth is unknown. To characterize the mechanisms that maintain Zn status, weanling rats were fed control (25 mg/kg), marginally low (MLZ; 15 mg/kg), low (LZ; 7 mg/kg), or very low (VLZ; <1 mg/kg) Zn diets for 3 wk and effects on jejunum Zip4 and ZnT1 and hepatic Zip1 and ZnT1 were assessed. Another control group was pair-fed (PF) to VLZ. The MLZ rats had lower jejunum ZnT1 protein abundance than the control. In the LZ group, we detected increased jejunum Zip4 mRNA expression and hepatic ZnT1 protein abundance and reduced jejunum Zip4 and ZnT1 and hepatic Zip1 protein abundance. VLZ had lower jejunum ZnT1 mRNA and protein abundance and hepatic Zip1 and ZnT1 protein abundance compared with the PF group. Zip4 protein was present at the intestinal villus tip in controls but was detected on the apical membrane throughout the entire villus in LZ rats. ZnT5 protein in jejunum was always detected at the apical membrane and also at the basolateral membrane of VLZ rats. In contrast, ZnT7 was found intracellularly in jejunum. Our data suggest that effects of Zn deficiency on Zn homeostasis occurs biphasically during marginal Zn deficiency through increased intestinal Zn uptake capacity and reduced intestinal Zn efflux, then during more pronounced degrees of Zn deficiency through decreased liver Zn accretion and increased hepatic Zn efflux back into circulation. These results assist in our understanding of how mammals regulate Zn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Jou
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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