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Vuong CK, Fukushige M, Ngo NH, Yamashita T, Obata-Yasuoka M, Hamada H, Osaka M, Tsukada T, Hiramatsu Y, Ohneda O. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Type 2 Diabetic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition under High Glucose Conditions Through the TGFβ/Smad3 Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:262-275. [PMID: 38717965 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which results in delayed wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a vital role in supporting endothelial cells (ECs) and promoting wound healing by paracrine effects through their secretome-containing extracellular vesicles. We previously reported the impaired wound healing ability of adipose tissue-derived MSC from T2DM donors; however, whether extracellular vesicles isolated from T2DM adipose tissue-derived MSCs (dEVs) exhibit altered functions in comparison to those derived from healthy donors (nEVs) is still unclear. In this study, we found that nEVs induced EC survival and angiogenesis, whereas dEVs lost these abilities. In addition, under high glucose conditions, nEV protected ECs from endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), whereas dEV significantly induced EndMT by activating the transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signaling pathway, which impaired the tube formation and in vivo wound healing abilities of ECs. Interestingly, the treatment of dEV-internalized ECs with nEVs rescued the induced EndMT effects. Of note, the internalization of nEV into T2DM adipose tissue-derived MSC resulted in the production of an altered n-dEV, which inhibited EndMT and supported the survival of T2DM db/db mice from severe wounds. Taken together, our findings suggest the role of dEV in endothelial dysfunction and delayed wound healing in T2DM by the promotion of EndMT. Moreover, nEV treatment can be considered a promising candidate for cell-free therapy to protect ECs in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat-Khanh Vuong
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mizuho Fukushige
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nhat-Hoang Ngo
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- PhD Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tsukuba
| | - Motoo Osaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Tsukada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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2
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Gustafson D, DiStefano PV, Wang XF, Wu R, Ghaffari S, Ching C, Rathnakumar K, Alibhai F, Syonov M, Fitzpatrick J, Boudreau E, Lau C, Galant N, Husain M, Li RK, Lee WL, Parekh RS, Monnier PP, Fish JE. Circulating small extracellular vesicles mediate vascular hyperpermeability in diabetes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1138-1154. [PMID: 38489029 PMCID: PMC11058313 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A hallmark chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus is vascular hyperpermeability, which encompasses dysfunction of the cerebrovascular endothelium and the subsequent development of associated cognitive impairment. The present study tested the hypothesis that during type 2 diabetes circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit phenotypic changes that facilitate pathogenic disruption of the vascular barrier. METHODS sEVs isolated from the plasma of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes and from diabetic human individuals were characterised for their ability to disrupt the endothelial cell (EC) barrier. The contents of sEVs and their effect on recipient ECs were assessed by proteomics and identified pathways were functionally interrogated with small molecule inhibitors. RESULTS Using intravital imaging, we found that diabetic mice (Leprdb/db) displayed hyperpermeability of the cerebrovasculature. Enhanced vascular leakiness was recapitulated following i.v. injection of sEVs from diabetic mice into non-diabetic recipient mice. Characterisation of circulating sEV populations from the plasma of diabetic mice and humans demonstrated increased quantity and size of sEVs compared with those isolated from non-diabetic counterparts. Functional experiments revealed that sEVs from diabetic mice or humans induced the rapid and sustained disruption of the EC barrier through enhanced paracellular and transcellular leak but did not induce inflammation. Subsequent sEV proteome and recipient EC phospho-proteome analysis suggested that extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from diabetic mice and humans modulate the MAPK/MAPK kinase (MEK) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathways, cell-cell junctions and actin dynamics. This was confirmed experimentally. Treatment of sEVs with proteinase K or pre-treatment of recipient cells with MEK or ROCK inhibitors reduced the hyperpermeability-inducing effects of circulating sEVs in the diabetic state. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Diabetes is associated with marked increases in the concentration and size of circulating sEVs. The modulation of sEV-associated proteins under diabetic conditions can induce vascular leak through activation of the MEK/ROCK pathway. These data identify a new paradigm by which diabetes can induce hyperpermeability and dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature and may implicate sEVs in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline during type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Gustafson
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter V DiStefano
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xue Fan Wang
- Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Crizza Ching
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Faisal Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michal Syonov
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Fitzpatrick
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Boudreau
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cori Lau
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Galant
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Zygmunciak P, Stróżna K, Błażowska O, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B. Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6117. [PMID: 38892303 PMCID: PMC11172920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most deadly and cost-driving effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of them, which is steadily attracting attention among scientists, is diabetes-induced heart failure, also known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Despite significant progress in the research concerning the disease, a universally accepted definition is still lacking. The pathophysiology of the processes accelerating heart insufficiency in diabetic patients on molecular and cellular levels also remains elusive. However, the recent interest concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs) has brought promise to further clarifying the pathological events that lead to DCM. In this review, we sum up recent investigations on the involvement of EVs in DCM and show their therapeutic and indicatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Stróżna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Olga Błażowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka St. 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Geng Z, Guan S, Wang S, Yu Z, Liu T, Du S, Zhu C. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer in the brain, a new perspective for targeted treatment of central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3121-3135. [PMID: 37424172 PMCID: PMC10580346 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mitochondria is one of the important organelles involved in cell energy metabolism and regulation and also play a key regulatory role in abnormal cell processes such as cell stress, cell damage, and cell canceration. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria can be transferred between cells in different ways and participate in the occurrence and development of many central nervous system diseases. We aim to review the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the progress of central nervous system diseases and the possibility of targeted therapy. METHODS The PubMed databank, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databank, and Wanfang Data were searched to identify the experiments of intracellular mitochondrial transferrin central nervous system. The focus is on the donors, receptors, transfer pathways, and targeted drugs of mitochondrial transfer. RESULTS In the central nervous system, neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and tumor cells can transfer mitochondria to each other. Meanwhile, there are many types of mitochondrial transfer, including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, receptor cell endocytosis, gap junction channels, and intercellular contact. A variety of stress signals, such as the release of damaged mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, or other mitochondrial products and the elevation of reactive oxygen species, can trigger the transfer of mitochondria from donor cells to recipient cells. Concurrently, a variety of molecular pathways and related inhibitors can affect mitochondrial intercellular transfer. CONCLUSION This study reviews the phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer in the central nervous system and summarizes the corresponding transfer pathways. Finally, we propose targeted pathways and treatment methods that may be used to regulate mitochondrial transfer for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Geng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhongxue Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular UltrasoundThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tiancong Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shaonan Du
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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5
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Collado A, Gan L, Tengbom J, Kontidou E, Pernow J, Zhou Z. Extracellular vesicles and their non-coding RNA cargos: Emerging players in cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4989-5009. [PMID: 36094621 DOI: 10.1113/jp283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, have recently received attention as essential mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in cardiovascular disease. EVs can be released from different types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells and stem cells. Non-coding (nc)RNAs as EV cargos have recently been investigated in the cardiovascular system. Up- or downregulated ncRNAs in EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Communication via EV-derived ncRNAs can occur between cells of the same type and between different types of cells involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we highlight the important aspects of diverse cell-derived EVs and their ncRNA cargos as disease mediators and potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we summarize the potential of EV-derived ncRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the different methods for EV isolation and characterization. A better understanding of the specific role of EVs and their ncRNA cargos in the regulation of cardiovascular (dys)function will be of importance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Collado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - John Tengbom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eftychia Kontidou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Patel S, Guo MK, Abdul Samad M, Howe KL. Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and modulators of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202187. [PMID: 37304965 PMCID: PMC10250645 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released by various cell types that play a critical role in intercellular communication. In atherosclerosis, EVs have been implicated in multiple pathophysiological processes, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis. This review provides an up-to-date overview of our current understanding of the roles of EVs in atherosclerosis, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and their roles in disease pathogenesis. We discuss the different types of EVs involved in atherosclerosis, the diverse cargoes they carry, their mechanisms of action, and the various methods employed for their isolation and analysis. Moreover, we underscore the importance of using relevant animal models and human samples to elucidate the role of EVs in disease pathogenesis. Overall, this review consolidates our current knowledge of EVs in atherosclerosis and highlights their potential as promising targets for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvatit Patel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mandy Kunze Guo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Majed Abdul Samad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Li J, Huang Y, Sun H, Yang L. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of age-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181308. [PMID: 37275920 PMCID: PMC10232739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from multiple tissues have the capability of multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal. Many reports indicated that MSCs exert curative effects on a variety of age-related diseases through regeneration and repair of aging cells and organs. However, as research has progressed, it has become clear that it is the MSCs derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) that may have a real role to play, and that they can be modified to achieve better therapeutic results, making them even more advantageous than MSCs for treating disease. This review generalizes the biological characteristics of MSCs and exosomes and their mechanisms in treating age-related diseases, for example, MSCs and their exosomes can treat age-related diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress (OS), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, and so on. In addition, current in vivo and in vitro trials are described, and ongoing clinical trials are discussed, as well as the prospects and challenges for the future use of exosomes in disease treatment. This review will provide references for using exosomes to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Bao F, Zhou L, Xiao J, Liu X. Mitolysosome exocytosis: a novel mitochondrial quality control pathway linked with parkinsonism-like symptoms. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1773-1783. [PMID: 36484629 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quality control of mitochondria is essential for their homeostasis and function. Light chain 3 (LC3) associated autophagosomes-mediated mitophagy represents a canonical mitochondrial quality control pathway. Alternative quality control processes, such as mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), have been discovered, but the intact mitochondrial quality control remains unknown. We recently discovered a novel mitolysosome exocytosis mechanism for mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine (FNZ)-induced mitochondria clearance, where autophagosomes are not required, but rather mitochondria are engulfed directly by lysosomes, mediating mitochondrial secretion. As FNZ results in parkinsonism, we propose that excessive mitolysosome exocytosis is the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Almeria C, Kreß S, Weber V, Egger D, Kasper C. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles is highly impacted by the tissue/cell source and culture conditions. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35501833 PMCID: PMC9063275 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures exerting major effects in physiological as well as pathological processes by functioning as vehicles for the delivery of biomolecules to their target cells. An increasing number of effects previously attributed to cell-based therapies have been recognized to be actually mediated by EVs derived from the respective cells, suggesting the administration of purified EVs instead of living cells for cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneity of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) and summarize upstream process parameters that crucially affect the resulting therapeutic properties and biological functions. Hereby, we discuss the effects of the cell source, medium composition, 3D culture, bioreactor culture and hypoxia. Furthermore, aspects of the isolation and storage strategies influences EVs are described. Conclusively, optimization of upstream process parameters should focus on controlling MSC-derived EV heterogeneity for specific therapeutic applications.
Graphical Abstract
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11
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Alexandru N, Procopciuc A, Vîlcu A, Comariţa IK, Bӑdilӑ E, Georgescu A. Extracellular vesicles-incorporated microRNA signature as biomarker and diagnosis of prediabetes state and its complications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:309-332. [PMID: 34143360 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small anuclear vesicles, delimited by a lipid bilayer, released by almost all cell types, carrying functionally active biological molecules that can be transferred to the neighbouring or distant cells, inducing phenotypical and functional changes, relevant in various physio-pathological conditions. The microRNAs are the most significant active components transported by EVs, with crucial role in intercellular communication and significant effects on recipient cells. They may also server as novel valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Moreover, EVs are supposed to mediate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and its progress. The T2DM development is preceded by prediabetes, a state that is associated with early forms of nephropathy and neuropathy, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, and increased risk of macrovascular disease. Although the interest of scientists was focused not only on the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also on the early diagnosis, little is known about EVs-incorporated microRNA involvement in prediabetes state and its microvascular and macrovascular complications. Here, we survey the biogenesis, classification, content, biological functions and the most popular primary isolation methods of EVs, review the EVs-associated microRNA profiling connexion with early stages of diabetes and discuss the role of EVs containing specific microRNAs in prediabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anastasia Procopciuc
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comariţa
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Bӑdilӑ
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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12
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Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Yang J, Shin TS, Kim JS, Jee YK, Kim YK. A new horizon of precision medicine: combination of the microbiome and extracellular vesicles. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:466-482. [PMID: 35459887 PMCID: PMC9028892 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, the disease pattern of intractable disease has changed from acute infection to chronic disease accompanied by immune and metabolic dysfunction. In addition, scientific evidence has shown that humans are holobionts; of the DNA in humans, 1% is derived from the human genome, and 99% is derived from microbial genomes (the microbiome). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited nanoparticles and key messengers in cell-to-cell communication. Many publications indicate that microbial EVs are both positively and negatively involved in the pathogenesis of various intractable diseases, including inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Microbial EVs in feces, blood, and urine show significant differences in their profiles between patients with a particular disease and healthy subjects, demonstrating the potential of microbial EVs as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, especially for assessing disease risk. Furthermore, microbial EV therapy offers a variety of advantages over live biotherapeutics and human cell EV (or exosome) therapy for the treatment of intractable diseases. In summary, microbial EVs are a new tool in medicine, and microbial EV technology might provide us with innovative diagnostic and therapeutic solutions in precision medicine. The tiny membrane-bound vesicles containing various biomolecules that the organisms comprising our microbiome release could offer a powerful tool for precision medicine. Our bodies are home to trillions of microbes, which interact closely with our tissues to maintain a healthy physiological environment. Yoon-Keun Kim of the Institute of MD Healthcare, Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues have reviewed current research into the extracellular vesicles that these microbes use to communicate with other microbes and their human hosts. The authors note that these vesicles affect tissues throughout the body, and their activities have been linked to various disorders including asthma, Crohn’s disease and cancer. A deeper understanding of how these vesicles prevent or accelerate various conditions in different individuals could yield useful new diagnostic biomarkers and provide the foundation for interventions that are optimized for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yang
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seop Shin
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kim
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Koo Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- Institute of MD Healthcare Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Veitch S, Njock MS, Chandy M, Siraj MA, Chi L, Mak H, Yu K, Rathnakumar K, Perez-Romero CA, Chen Z, Alibhai FJ, Gustafson D, Raju S, Wu R, Zarrin Khat D, Wang Y, Caballero A, Meagher P, Lau E, Pepic L, Cheng HS, Galant NJ, Howe KL, Li RK, Connelly KA, Husain M, Delgado-Olguin P, Fish JE. MiR-30 promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation and endothelial cell dysfunction and is a circulating biomarker of coronary microvascular dysfunction in pre-clinical models of diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:31. [PMID: 35209901 PMCID: PMC8876371 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to compromised diastolic function, ultimately culminating in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and no early diagnostics are available. We sought to gain insight into biomarkers and potential mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction in obese mouse (db/db) and lean rat (Goto-Kakizaki) pre-clinical models of T2D-associated diastolic dysfunction. Methods The microRNA (miRNA) content of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) was assessed in T2D models to identify biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction/rarefaction. The potential source of circulating EV-encapsulated miRNAs was determined, and the mechanisms of induction and the function of candidate miRNAs were assessed in endothelial cells (ECs). Results We found an increase in miR-30d-5p and miR-30e-5p in circulating EVs that coincided with indices of coronary microvascular EC dysfunction (i.e., markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage/senescence) and rarefaction, and preceded echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction as they are upregulated in ECs of the left ventricle of the heart, but not other organs, in db/db mice. Furthermore, the miR-30 family is secreted in EVs from senescent ECs in culture, and ECs with senescent-like characteristics are present in the db/db heart. Assessment of miR-30 target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Over-expression of miR-30e in cultured ECs increased fatty acid β-oxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, while inhibiting the miR-30 family decreased fatty acid β-oxidation. Additionally, miR-30e over-expression synergized with fatty acid exposure to down-regulate the expression of eNOS, a key regulator of microvascular and cardiomyocyte function. Finally, knock-down of the miR-30 family in db/db mice decreased markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage/senescence in the microvascular endothelium. Conclusions MiR-30d/e represent early biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets that are indicative of the development of diastolic dysfunction and may reflect altered EC fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01458-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Veitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Chandy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ahsan Siraj
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - HaoQi Mak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Yu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Zhiqi Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorrin Zarrin Khat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amalia Caballero
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Meagher
- Keenan Biomedical Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lejla Pepic
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie J Galant
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Veitch S, Njock MS, Chandy M, Siraj MA, Chi L, Mak H, Yu K, Rathnakumar K, Perez-Romero CA, Chen Z, Alibhai FJ, Gustafson D, Raju S, Wu R, Zarrin Khat D, Wang Y, Caballero A, Meagher P, Lau E, Pepic L, Cheng HS, Galant NJ, Howe KL, Li RK, Connelly KA, Husain M, Delgado-Olguin P, Fish JE. MiR-30 promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation and endothelial cell dysfunction and is a circulating biomarker of coronary microvascular dysfunction in pre-clinical models of diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:31. [PMID: 35209901 PMCID: PMC8876371 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01458-z 10.2174/1566523222666220303102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to compromised diastolic function, ultimately culminating in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and no early diagnostics are available. We sought to gain insight into biomarkers and potential mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction in obese mouse (db/db) and lean rat (Goto-Kakizaki) pre-clinical models of T2D-associated diastolic dysfunction. METHODS The microRNA (miRNA) content of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) was assessed in T2D models to identify biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction/rarefaction. The potential source of circulating EV-encapsulated miRNAs was determined, and the mechanisms of induction and the function of candidate miRNAs were assessed in endothelial cells (ECs). RESULTS We found an increase in miR-30d-5p and miR-30e-5p in circulating EVs that coincided with indices of coronary microvascular EC dysfunction (i.e., markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage/senescence) and rarefaction, and preceded echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction as they are upregulated in ECs of the left ventricle of the heart, but not other organs, in db/db mice. Furthermore, the miR-30 family is secreted in EVs from senescent ECs in culture, and ECs with senescent-like characteristics are present in the db/db heart. Assessment of miR-30 target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Over-expression of miR-30e in cultured ECs increased fatty acid β-oxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, while inhibiting the miR-30 family decreased fatty acid β-oxidation. Additionally, miR-30e over-expression synergized with fatty acid exposure to down-regulate the expression of eNOS, a key regulator of microvascular and cardiomyocyte function. Finally, knock-down of the miR-30 family in db/db mice decreased markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage/senescence in the microvascular endothelium. CONCLUSIONS MiR-30d/e represent early biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets that are indicative of the development of diastolic dysfunction and may reflect altered EC fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Veitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Chandy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ahsan Siraj
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - HaoQi Mak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Yu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Zhiqi Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorrin Zarrin Khat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amalia Caballero
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Meagher
- Keenan Biomedical Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lejla Pepic
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie J Galant
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Gut Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Molecules Mediating Host-Microbiota Communications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313166. [PMID: 34884969 PMCID: PMC8658398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to many health disorders; however, the detailed mechanism of this correlation remains unclear. Gut microbiota can communicate with the host through immunological or metabolic signalling. Recently, microbiota-released extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have emerged as significant mediators in the intercellular signalling mechanism that could be an integral part of microbiota-host communications. MEVs are small membrane-bound vesicles that encase a broad spectrum of biologically active compounds (i.e., proteins, mRNA, miRNA, DNA, carbohydrates, and lipids), thus mediating the horizontal transfer of their cargo across intra- and intercellular space. In this study, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the biogenesis of microbial-derived EVs, their classification and routes of production, as well as their role in inter-bacterial and inter-kingdom signaling.
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17
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Kilinc S, Paisner R, Camarda R, Gupta S, Momcilovic O, Kohnz RA, Avsaroglu B, L'Etoile ND, Perera RM, Nomura DK, Goga A. Oncogene-regulated release of extracellular vesicles. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1989-2006.e6. [PMID: 34118203 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenes can alter metabolism by changing the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. However, how oncogenes regulate tumor cell biomass remains poorly understood. Using isogenic MCF10A cells transformed with nine different oncogenes, we show that specific oncogenes reduce the biomass of cancer cells by promoting extracellular vesicle (EV) release. While MYC and AURKB elicited the highest number of EVs, each oncogene selectively altered the protein composition of released EVs. Likewise, oncogenes alter secreted miRNAs. MYC-overexpressing cells require ceramide, whereas AURKB requires ESCRT to release high levels of EVs. We identify an inverse relationship between MYC upregulation and activation of the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway for regulating EV release in some tumor cells. Finally, lysosome genes and activity are downregulated in the context of MYC and AURKB, suggesting that cellular contents, instead of being degraded, were released via EVs. Thus, oncogene-mediated biomass regulation via differential EV release is a new metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kilinc
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Rebekka Paisner
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suprit Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Olga Momcilovic
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rebecca A Kohnz
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Baris Avsaroglu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Noelle D L'Etoile
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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18
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Liang Y, Wang M, Wang C, Liu Y, Naruse K, Takahashi K. The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084108. [PMID: 33921168 PMCID: PMC8071517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.
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19
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Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Nanovesicles: Focus on Secondary Metabolites, Proteins and Lipids with Perspectives on Their Potential and Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073719. [PMID: 33918442 PMCID: PMC8038311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While human extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted a big deal of interest and have been extensively characterized over the last years, plant-derived EVs and nanovesicles have earned less attention and have remained poorly investigated. Although a series of investigations already revealed promising beneficial health effects and drug delivery properties, adequate (pre)clinical studies are rare. This fact might be caused by a lack of sources with appropriate qualities. Our study introduces plant cell suspension culture as a new and well controllable source for plant EVs. Plant cells, cultured in vitro, release EVs into the growth medium which could be harvested for pharmaceutical applications. In this investigation we characterized EVs and nanovesicles from distinct sources. Our findings regarding secondary metabolites indicate that these might not be packaged into EVs in an active manner but enriched in the membrane when lipophilic enough, since apparently lipophilic compounds were associated with nanovesicles while more hydrophilic structures were not consistently found. In addition, protein identification revealed a possible explanation for the mechanism of EV cell wall passage in plants, since cell wall hydrolases like 1,3-β-glucosidases, pectinesterases, polygalacturonases, β-galactosidases and β-xylosidase/α-L-arabinofuranosidase 2-like are present in plant EVs and nanovesicles which might facilitate cell wall transition. Further on, the identified proteins indicate that plant cells secrete EVs using similar mechanisms as animal cells to release exosomes and microvesicles.
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20
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Bernstock JD, Willis CM, Manferrari G, Rogall R, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Williamson JC, Braga A, van den Bosch A, Leonardi T, Krzak G, Kittel Á, Benincá C, Vicario N, Tan S, Bastos C, Bicci I, Iraci N, Smith JA, Peacock B, Muller KH, Lehner PJ, Buzas EI, Faria N, Zeviani M, Frezza C, Brisson A, Matheson NJ, Viscomi C, Pluchino S. Neural stem cells traffic functional mitochondria via extracellular vesicles. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001166. [PMID: 33826607 PMCID: PMC8055036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation induces recovery in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although the replacement of lost endogenous cells was originally proposed as the primary healing mechanism of NSC grafts, it is now clear that transplanted NSCs operate via multiple mechanisms, including the horizontal exchange of therapeutic cargoes to host cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane particles trafficking nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and metabolic enzymes, lipids, and entire organelles. However, the function and the contribution of these cargoes to the broad therapeutic effects of NSCs are yet to be fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established feature of several inflammatory and degenerative CNS disorders, most of which are potentially treatable with exogenous stem cell therapeutics. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that NSCs release and traffic functional mitochondria via EVs to restore mitochondrial function in target cells. Untargeted proteomics revealed a significant enrichment of mitochondrial proteins spontaneously released by NSCs in EVs. Morphological and functional analyses confirmed the presence of ultrastructurally intact mitochondria within EVs with conserved membrane potential and respiration. We found that the transfer of these mitochondria from EVs to mtDNA-deficient L929 Rho0 cells rescued mitochondrial function and increased Rho0 cell survival. Furthermore, the incorporation of mitochondria from EVs into inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes restored normal mitochondrial dynamics and cellular metabolism and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in target cells. When transplanted in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, exogenous NSCs actively transferred mitochondria to mononuclear phagocytes and induced a significant amelioration of clinical deficits. Our data provide the first evidence that NSCs deliver functional mitochondria to target cells via EVs, paving the way for the development of novel (a)cellular approaches aimed at restoring mitochondrial dysfunction not only in multiple sclerosis, but also in degenerative neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cory M. Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Manferrari
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - James C. Williamson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aletta van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carlos Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iacopo Bicci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Peacock
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edit Iren Buzas
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM Kft HU, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, United Kingdom
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21
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Li C, Kitzerow O, Nie F, Dai J, Liu X, Carlson MA, Casale GP, Pipinos II, Li X. Bioengineering strategies for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:684-696. [PMID: 33005831 PMCID: PMC7511653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disorder characterized by narrowing and occlusion of arteries supplying the lower extremities. Approximately 200 million people worldwide are affected by PAD. The current standard of operative care is open or endovascular revascularization in which blood flow restoration is the goal. However, many patients are not appropriate candidates for these treatments and are subject to continuous ischemia of their lower limbs. Current research in the therapy of PAD involves developing modalities that induce angiogenesis, but the results of simple cell transplantation or growth factor delivery have been found to be relatively poor mainly due to difficulties in stem cell retention and survival and rapid diffusion and enzymolysis of growth factors following injection of these agents in the affected tissues. Biomaterials, including hydrogels, have the capability to protect stem cells during injection and to support cell survival. Hydrogels can also provide a sustained release of growth factors at the injection site. This review will focus on biomaterial systems currently being investigated as carriers for cell and growth factor delivery, and will also discuss biomaterials as a potential stand-alone method for the treatment of PAD. Finally, the challenges of development and use of biomaterials systems for PAD treatment will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Oliver Kitzerow
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Fujiao Nie
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Jingxuan Dai
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
- Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, United States
| | - George P. Casale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Iraklis I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Pathogenesis: A Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010045. [PMID: 33450847 PMCID: PMC7828316 DOI: 10.3390/life11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a fundamental property of living cells. EVs are known to transfer biological signals between cells and thus regulate the functional state of recipient cells. Such vesicles mediate the intercellular transport of many biologically active molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, specific lipids) and participate in regulation of key physiological processes. In addition, EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases: infectious, neurodegenerative, and oncological. The current EV classification into microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes is based on their size, pathways of cellular biogenesis, and molecular composition. This review is focused on analysis of the role of EVs (mainly exosomes) in the pathogenesis of viral infection. We briefly characterize the biogenesis and molecular composition of various EV types. Then, we consider EV-mediated pro- and anti-viral mechanisms. EV secretion by infected cells can be an important factor of virus spread in target cell populations, or a protective factor limiting viral invasion. The data discussed in this review, on the effect of EV secretion by infected cells on processes in neighboring cells and on immune cells, are of high significance in the search for new therapeutic approaches and for design of new generations of vaccines.
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23
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Savcı Y, Kırbaş OK, Bozkurt BT, Abdik EA, Taşlı PN, Şahin F, Abdik H. Grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles as a promising cell-free therapeutic tool for wound healing. Food Funct 2021; 12:5144-5156. [PMID: 33977960 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of individuals suffering from chronic wounds, developing safe and effective wound care agents are one of the more prominent fields of research in biology. However, wound healing is a complex, multi-stage biological process, involving multiple sequences of biological responses from different types of cells, secreted mediators, and extracellular matrix elements. Plants have a long history of use in the treatment of wounds. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles, which are secreted nano vesicle messengers responsible for intercellular communications, show promise as a new, biotechnological wound-care agent. In this study, we assessed the wound healing potential of extracellular vesicles isolated from grapefruits - a plant with well-known anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Grapefruit extracellular vesicles (GEVs) increased cell viability and cell migration while reducing intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. Expression of proliferation and migration-related genes were raised by GEV treatment in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, GEV treatment increased the tube formation capabilities of treated HUVEC cells. These findings suggest that GEVs can be used as plant-derived wound healing agents, and have shown potential as a biotechnological agent for wound healing. Further development and study of plant-derived extracellular vesicles may lead to the realization of their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağız Savcı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kaan Kırbaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Turhan Bozkurt
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Avşar Abdik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Neslihan Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Abdik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Prattichizzo F, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Sabbatinelli J, Olivieri F, de Candia P, De Nigris V, Ceriello A. Extracellular vesicle-shuttled miRNAs: a critical appraisal of their potential as nano-diagnostics and nano-therapeutics in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1031-1045. [PMID: 33391519 PMCID: PMC7738884 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex multifactorial disease causing the development of a large range of cardiovascular (CV) complications. Lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapies only partially halt T2DM progression, and existing drugs are unable to completely suppress the increased CV risk of T2DM patients. Extracellular vesicles (EV)s are membrane-coated nanoparticles released by virtually all living cells and are emerging as novel mediators of T2DM and its CV complications. As a matter of fact, several preclinical models suggest a key involvement of EVs in the initiation and/or progression of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, diabetic dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and other T2DM complications. In addition, preliminary findings also suggest that EV-associated molecular cargo, and in particular the miRNA repertoire, may provide with useful diagnostic and/or prognostic information for the management of T2DM. Here, we review the latest findings showing that EV biology is altered during the entire trajectory of T2DM, i.e. from diagnosis to development of CV complications. We also critically highlight the potential of this emerging research field, by describing both preclinical and clinical observations, and the limitations that must be overcome to translate the preclinical findings into the development of EV-based nano-diagnostic and/or nano-therapeutic tools. Finally, we summarize how two lifestyle changes known to prevent or limit T2DM, i.e. diet and exercise, affect EV number and composition, with a focus on the possible role of EVs contained in food in shaping metabolic responses, a promising approach still in its infancy.
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25
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Kumar A, Zhou L, Zhi K, Raji B, Pernell S, Tadrous E, Kodidela S, Nookala A, Kochat H, Kumar S. Challenges in Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Approach for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Opportunities for Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E138. [PMID: 33375558 PMCID: PMC7795247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Shelby Pernell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA; (K.Z.); (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (S.K.)
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26
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Wu AHB, Zhang Y, Webber R. Extracellular vesicles released in blood of COVID-19 patients: mechanism for detection of cardiac troponin after myocardial injury? Biomarkers 2020; 25:613-615. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1829055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. B. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Webber
- Research & Diagnostic Antibodies, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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27
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Bischofsberger M, Winkelmann F, Rabes A, Reisinger EC, Sombetzki M. Pathogen-host interaction mediated by vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1277-1287. [PMID: 32462473 PMCID: PMC7449993 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of the parasite's excretory/secretory system, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a potent communication tool of schistosomes with their human host to strike the balance between their own survival in a hostile immunological environment and a minimal damage to the host tissue. Their cargo consists of functional proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that facilitate biological processes like migration, nutrient acquisition, or reproduction. The most important impact of the vesicle-mediated communication, however, is the promotion of the parasite survival via mimicking host protein function and directly or indirectly modulating the immune response of the host. Overcoming this shield of immunological adaption in the schistosome-host relation is the aim of current research activities in this field and crucial for the development of a reliable anti-schistosomal therapy. Not least because of their prospective use in clinical applications, research on EVs is now a rapidly expanding field. We herein focus on the current state of knowledge of vesicle-based communication of schistosomes and discussing the role of EVs in facilitating biological processes and immune modulatory properties of EVs considering the different life stages of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bischofsberger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Franziska Winkelmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Rabes
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emil C Reisinger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Sombetzki
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Section of Nephrology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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28
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Kumar A, Kodidela S, Tadrous E, Cory TJ, Walker CM, Smith AM, Mukherjee A, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Replication and Pathogenesis and Their Potential Role in Therapeutic Intervention. Viruses 2020; 12:E887. [PMID: 32823684 PMCID: PMC7472073 DOI: 10.3390/v12080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown their potential as a carrier of molecular information, and they have been involved in physiological functions and diseases caused by viral infections. Virus-infected cells secrete various lipid-bound vesicles, including endosome pathway-derived exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles that are released from the plasma membrane. They are released via a direct outward budding and fission of plasma membrane blebs into the extracellular space to either facilitate virus propagation or regulate the immune responses. Moreover, EVs generated by virus-infected cells can incorporate virulence factors including viral protein and viral genetic material, and thus can resemble noninfectious viruses. Interactions of EVs with recipient cells have been shown to activate signaling pathways that may contribute to a sustained cellular response towards viral infections. EVs, by utilizing a complex set of cargos, can play a regulatory role in viral infection, both by facilitating and suppressing the infection. EV-based antiviral and antiretroviral drug delivery approaches provide an opportunity for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the literature on EVs, their associated involvement in transmission in viral infections, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Theodore James Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Crystal Martin Walker
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Amber Marie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Ahona Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
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29
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Extracellular vesicle-mediated nucleic acid transfer and reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Lim CZJ, Natalia A, Sundah NR, Shao H. Biomarker Organization in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: New Applications in Detecting Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900309. [PMID: 32597034 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous disorders characterized by a progressive loss of function and/or death of nerve cells, leading to severe cognitive and functional decline. Due to the complex pathology, early detection and intervention are critical to the development of successful treatments; however, current diagnostic approaches are limited to subjective, late-stage clinical findings. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising circulating biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Actively released by diverse cells, EVs are nanoscale membrane vesicles. They abound in blood, readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and carry diverse molecular cargoes in different organizational states: these molecular cargoes are inherited from the parent cells or bound to the EV membrane through surface associations. Specifically, EVs have been found to be associated with several important pathogenic proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, and their involvement could alter disease progression. This article provides an overview of EVs as circulating biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and introduces new technological advances to characterize the biophysical properties of EV-associated biomarkers for accurate, blood-based detection of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Z J Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Noah R Sundah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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31
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Carracedo J, Alique M, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Bodega G, Ramírez R. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Senescent Cells: Pathophysiological Role in the Cardiovascular Disease Associated with all Types of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:447-454. [PMID: 30124156 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180820115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial senescence-associated with aging or induced prematurely in pathological situations, such as diabetes, is a first step in the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) and particularly inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. The main mechanism that links endothelial senescence and the progression of CVDs is the production of altered Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by senescent endothelial cells among them, Microvesicles (MVs). MVs are recognized as intercellular signaling elements that play a key role in regulating tissue homeostasis. However, MVs produced by damage cell conveyed epigenetic signals, mainly involving microRNAs, which induce many of the injured responses in other vascular cells leading to the development of CVDs. Many studies strongly support that the quantification and characterization of the MVs released by senescent endothelial cells may be useful diagnostic tools in patients with CVDs, as well as a future therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking senescence-associated MVs to the development of CVDs and discuss the roles of these MVs, in particular, in diabetic-associated increases the risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Alique
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Carracedo
- Cardiovascular Joint Research Unit, University Francisco de Vitoria/ University Hospital Ramon y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Biomedicine and Biotechnology Department, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Kim D, Woo HK, Lee C, Min Y, Kumar S, Sunkara V, Jo HG, Lee YJ, Kim J, Ha HK, Cho YK. EV-Ident: Identifying Tumor-Specific Extracellular Vesicles by Size Fractionation and Single-Vesicle Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6010-6018. [PMID: 32207920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of circulating biomarkers for liquid biopsies. However, understanding the heterogeneous physical and biochemical properties of EVs originating from multiple complex biogenesis pathways remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce EV-Ident for preparation of subpopulations of EVs in three different size fractions: large EVs (EV200 nm; 200-1 000 nm), medium EVs (EV100 nm; 100-200 nm), and small EVs (EV20 nm; 20-100 nm). Furthermore, this technology enables the in situ labeling of fluorescence markers for the protein profiling of individual EVs. As a proof-of-concept, we analyzed the presence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell-derived EVs, respectively, using three different size fractions at the single-EV level. By reducing the complexity of EV heterogeneity in each size fraction, we found that HER2-positive breast cancer cells showed the greatest expression of HER2 in EV20 nm, whereas PSMA expression was the highest in EV200 nm derived from PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells. This increase in HER2 expression in EV20 nm and PSMA expression in EV200 nm was further confirmed in plasma-derived nanoparticles (PNPs) obtained from breast and prostate cancer patients, respectively. Our study demonstrates that single-EV analysis using EV-Ident provides a practical way to understand EV heterogeneity and to successfully identify potent subpopulation of EVs for breast and prostate cancer, which has promising translational implications for cancer theranostics. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to address fundamental questions surrounding the biology and clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Woo
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohong Min
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Gyeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Ma C, Luo H, Liu B, Li F, Tschöpe C, Fa X. Long noncoding RNAs: A new player in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3056. [PMID: 30160026 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) can cause extensive necrosis of the heart muscle by metabolic disorders and microangiopathy, with subclinical cardiac dysfunction, and eventually progress to heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock; severe patients may even die suddenly. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. They have critical roles in various biological processes, including gene expression regulation, genomic imprinting, nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking, RNA splicing, and translational control. Recent studies indicated that lncRNAs extensively participate in the development of diverse cardiac diseases, such as cardiac ischaemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. Little is known about lncRNA in DCM. In this review, we summarize the current literature on lncRNAs in DCM studies, aiming to provide new methods for DCM's future prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xianen Fa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu R, Luo Q, You W, Jin M. MicroRNA-106 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting HMGB1. Gene 2018; 677:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hafiane A, Daskalopoulou SS. Extracellular vesicles characteristics and emerging roles in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2018; 85:213-222. [PMID: 29727628 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) describes membrane vesicles released into the extracellular space by most cell types. EVs have been recognized to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. They are known to contain various bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Although the nomenclature of EVs is not entirely standardized, they are considered to include exosomes, microparticles or microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. EVs are believed to play important roles in a wide range of biological processes. Although the pathogenic roles of EVs are largely documented, their protective roles are not as well established. Cardiovascular disease represents one of the most relevant and rapidly growing areas of the EV research. Circulating EVs released from platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and endothelial cells may contain potentially valuable biological information for biomarker development in cardiovascular disease and could serve as a vehicle for therapeutic use. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge in EV in cardiovascular disease, including a discussion on challenges in EV research, EV properties in various cell types, and their importance in atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Alique M, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Bodega G, Carracedo J, Ramírez R. Senescent Microvesicles: A Novel Advance in Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2003. [PMID: 29987251 PMCID: PMC6073566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease that causes the most heart attacks and strokes in humans, is the leading cause of death in the developing world; its principal clinical manifestation is coronary artery disease. The development of atherosclerosis is attributed to the aging process itself (biological aging) and is also associated with the development of chronic diseases (premature aging). Both aging processes produce an increase in risk factors such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory cytokines (oxi-inflamm-aging) that might generate endothelial senescence associated with damage in the vascular system. Cellular senescence increases microvesicle release as carriers of molecular information, which contributes to the development and calcification of atherosclerotic plaque, as a final step in advanced atherosclerotic plaque formation. Consequently, this review aims to summarize the information gleaned to date from studies investigating how the senescent extracellular vesicles, by delivering biological signalling, contribute to atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Alique
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Carracedo
- Cardiovascular Joint Research Unit, University Francisco de Vitoria/University Hospital Ramon y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Biomedicine and Biotechnology Department, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
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