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Zhang J, Han Y, Jia R, Zhu Q, Wang X, Liu M, Zhang W. Exploring the role of myeloperoxidase in the atherosclerotic process in hypoxic mice based on the MAPK signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116275. [PMID: 38729447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathophysiological basis of various cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. When the body is in a hypoxic environment, enhanced oxidative stress and significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue cells exacerbate the inflammatory response, resulting in increased release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalyzing the formation of large quantities of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), further oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and exacerbating the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The MAPK signaling pathway is important in oxidative stress-mediated promotion of atherogenesis. MPO -/- mice were used in this study to establish a hypoxia model simulating 5000 m altitude and a Western high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model for 12 weeks. Exploring the role of MPO in the atherosclerotic process in hypoxic mice by observing the MAPK signaling pathway to provide a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of hypoxic atherosclerotic disease in the plateau. We found that hypoxia promotes the formation of atherosclerosis in mice, and the mechanism may be that increased MPO in vivo promotes an inflammatory response, which plays a crucial role in the formation of atherosclerosis. In addition, hypoxia further exacerbates plaque instability by activating the MAPK signaling pathway to upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which in turn promotes angiogenesis within the plaque. Therefore, a potential target for preventing and treating hypoxic atherosclerotic disease is the inhibition of MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruhan Jia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Meiheng Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China.
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ma C, Zhao Q, Yin H, Li L, Wang D, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Shi X, Li X, Huang C. Interleukin-6 promotes visceral adipose tissue accumulation during aging via inhibiting fat lipolysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111906. [PMID: 38593501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related visceral obesity could contribute to the development of cardiometabolic complications. The pathogenesis of visceral fat mass accumulation during the aging process remains complex and largely unknown. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as one of the prominent inflammaging markers which are elevated in circulation during aging. However, the precise role of IL-6 in regulating age-related visceral adipose tissue accumulation remains uncertain. RESULTS A cross-sectional study including 77 older adults (≥65 years of age) was initially conducted. There was a significant positive association between serum IL-6 levels and visceral fat mass. We subsequently validated a modest but significant elevation in serum IL-6 levels in aged mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compared to wildtype control, IL-6 deficiency (IL-6 KO) significantly attenuated the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue during aging. Further metabolic characterization suggested that IL-6 deficiency resulted in improved lipid metabolism parameters and energy expenditure in aged mice. Moreover, histological examinations of adipose depots revealed that the absence of IL-6 ameliorated adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue of aged mice. Mechanically, the ablation of IL-6 could promote the PKA-mediated lipolysis and consequently mitigate lipid accumulation in adipose tissue in aged mice. CONCLUSION Our findings identify a detrimental role of IL-6 during the aging process by promoting visceral adipose tissue accumulation through inhibition of lipolysis. Therefore, strategies aimed at preventing or reducing IL-6 levels may potentially ameliorate age-related obesity and improve metabolism during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yinxiang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
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Ouhara K, Takemura T, Taniguchi Y, Fujimori R, Tamura T, Akane Y, Matsuda S, Hamamoto Y, Shintani T, Kajiya M, Munenaga S, Iwata T, Fujita T, Mizuno N. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 affects bone destruction via IL-6 in mouse periodontitis model. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38656694 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the production of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) in periodontitis patients and its effectiveness as a new diagnostic marker for periodontitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted to analyze LRG1 mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts via quantitative real-time PCR. In vivo experiments were conducted to analyze LRG1 localization in periodontitis patients. The correlation between the serum LRG1 levels and alveolar bone resorption in the mouse periodontitis model was also investigated. RESULTS A positive correlation existed between the periodontal inflamed surface area and serum LRG1 levels (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.60). LRG1 mRNA expression in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts was upregulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation or tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation. Interleukin-6 in human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts induced the production of LRG1 and transforming growth factor-β. LRG1 levels in the periodontal tissue and serum in the periodontitis model were higher than those in control mice. LRG1 local administration resulted in alveolar bone resorption, whereas the administration of interleukin-6R antibody inhibited bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 levels in serum and periodontal tissue are upregulated in periodontitis and are implicated in periodontal tissue destruction through interleukin-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tasuku Takemura
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Fujimori
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamura
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Akane
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Department of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wei B, Luo Z. Impacts of pro-inflammatory cytokines variant on cardiometabolic profile and premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18311. [PMID: 38634217 PMCID: PMC11024509 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL-6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL-6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL-6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023. In total, 40 studies (26,543 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs1800795 (a function variant in the IL-6 gene) C allele was linked to higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and a lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, no significant association was observed of rs1800795 with triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interestingly, a significant association was detected between rs1800795 and PCAD. Subgroup analyses indicted that the impacts of rs1800795 on cardiometabolic risk factors were significant in Caucasians but stronger in obese patients. In contrast, the impact of rs1800795 on PCAD was significant in brown race population. In summary, rs1800795 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors and PCAD. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab or canakinumab may benefit high-risk populations (e.g. brown race population, Caucasians, obese patients, etc.) with rs1800795 to prevent PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyChina Resources and WISCO General HospitalWuhanChina
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of CardiologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Baozhu Wei
- Department of CardiologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and RepairWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhi Luo
- Department of CardiologySuining Central Hospital, SuiningSichuanChina
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5
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Liu W, Yalcinkaya M, Maestre IF, Olszewska M, Ampomah PB, Heimlich JB, Wang R, Vela PS, Xiao T, Bick AG, Levine R, Papapetrou EP, Libby P, Tabas I, Wang N, Tall AR. Blockade of IL-6 signaling alleviates atherosclerosis in Tet2-deficient clonal hematopoiesis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:572-586. [PMID: 37539077 PMCID: PMC10399458 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease possibly due to increased plaque inflammation. Human studies suggest that limitation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling could be beneficial in people with large CH clones, particularly in TET2 CH. Here we show that IL-6 receptor antibody treatment reverses the atherosclerosis promoted by Tet2 CH, with reduction of monocytosis, lesional macrophage burden and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) expression. IL-6 induces expression of Csf1r in Tet2-deficient macrophages through enhanced STAT3 binding to its promoter. In mouse and human Tet2-deficient macrophages, IL-6 increases CSF1R expression and enhances macrophage survival. Treatment with the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 reversed accelerated atherosclerosis in Tet2 CH mice. Our study demonstrates the causality of IL-6 signaling in Tet2 CH accelerated atherosclerosis, identifies IL-6-induced CSF1R expression as a critical mechanism and supports blockade of IL-6 signaling as a potential therapy for CH-driven cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Wenli Liu, Nan Wang, Alan R. Tall
| | - Mustafa Yalcinkaya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inés Fernández Maestre
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J. Brett Heimlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ranran Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pablo Sánchez Vela
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eirini P. Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Wenli Liu, Nan Wang, Alan R. Tall
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Wenli Liu, Nan Wang, Alan R. Tall
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Quarta S, Scoditti E, Zonno V, Siculella L, Damiano F, Carluccio MA, Pagliara P. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Vasculoprotective Effects of Red Cell Extract from the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071672. [PMID: 37049512 PMCID: PMC10096920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties relevant to human health. Since inflammation is a crucial pathogenic process in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, we here assessed the potential anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective effects of coelomic red-cell methanolic extract of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula in an in vitro model of endothelial cell dysfunction. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were pretreated with A. lixula red-cell extract (10 and 100 μg/mL) before exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The extract was non-toxic after 24 h cell treatment and was characterized by antioxidant power and phenol content. The TNF-α-stimulated expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and cytokines/chemokines (MCP-1, CCL-5, IL-6, IL-8, M-CSF) was significantly attenuated by A. lixula red-cell extract. This was functionally accompanied by a reduction in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis towards activated endothelial cells. At the molecular level, the tested extract significantly counteracted the TNF-α-stimulated activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. These results provide evidence of potential anti-atherosclerotic properties of A. lixula red-cell extract, and open avenues in the discovery and development of dietary supplements and/or drugs for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Quarta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zonno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pagliara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Effect of Sphingomyelinase-Treated LDLs on HUVECs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052100. [PMID: 36903354 PMCID: PMC10004656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) exert a key role in the transport of esterified cholesterol to tissues. Among the atherogenic modifications of LDLs, the oxidative modification has been mainly investigated as a major risk factor for accelerating atherogenesis. Since LDL sphingolipids are also emerging as important regulators of the atherogenic process, increasing attention is devoted to the effects of sphingomyelinase (SMase) on LDL structural and atherogenic properties. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of SMase treatment on the physical-chemical properties of LDLs. Moreover, we evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative and inflammatory status in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with either ox-LDLs or SMase-treated LDLs (SMase-LDLs). Both treatments were associated with the accrual of the intracellular ROS and upregulation of the antioxidant Paraoxonase 2 (PON2), while only SMase-LDLs induced an increase of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), suggesting the activation of a feedback loop to restrain the detrimental effects of ROS. The increased caspase-3 activity and reduced viability observed in cells treated with SMase-LDLs and ox-LDLs suggest a pro-apoptotic effect of these modified lipoproteins on endothelial cells. Moreover, a strong proinflammatory effect of SMase-LDLs compared to ox-LDLs was confirmed by an increased activation of NF-κB and consequent increased expression of its downstream cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 in HUVECs.
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Rakocevic J, Dobric M, Borovic ML, Milutinovic K, Milenkovic S, Tomasevic M. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease: Where Do We Stand? Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:10. [PMID: 39076864 PMCID: PMC11270465 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2401010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in all stages of atherosclerosis - from endothelial dysfunction, to formation of fatty streaks and atherosclerotic plaque, and its progression to serious complications, such as atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Although dyslipidemia is a key driver of atherosclerosis, pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is now considered interplay between cholesterol and inflammation, with the significant role of the immune system and immune cells. Despite modern therapeutic approaches in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In order to reduce residual cardiovascular risk, despite the guidelines-guided optimal medical therapy, novel therapeutic strategies are needed for prevention and management of coronary artery disease. One of the innovative and promising approaches in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease might be inflammation-targeted therapy. Numerous experimental and clinical studies are seeking into metabolic pathways underlying atherosclerosis, in order to find the most suitable pathway and inflammatory marker/s that should be the target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Many anti-inflammatory drugs have been tested, from the well-known broad range anti-inflammatory agents, such as colchicine, allopurinol and methotrexate, to targeted monoclonal antibodies specifically inhibiting a molecule included in inflammatory pathway, such as canakinumab and tocilizumab. To date, there are no approved anti-inflammatory agents specifically indicated for silencing inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. The most promising results came from the studies which tested colchicine, and studies where the inflammatory-target was NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β )/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/C-reactive protein (CRP) pathway. A growing body of evidence, along with the ongoing clinical studies, suggest that the anti-inflammatory therapy might become an additional strategy in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Herein we present an overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, the most important inflammatory markers chosen as targets of anti-inflammatory therapy, along with the critical review of the major clinical trials which tested non-targeted and targeted anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Rakocevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Dobric
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Milutinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloje Tomasevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Chen R, Chen T, Zhou Z, Song Z, Feng W, Yang X, Wang X, Li B, Ding X, Zhang H, Wang Y. Integrated pyroptosis measurement and metabolomics to elucidate the effect and mechanism of tangzhiqing on atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937737. [PMID: 36171973 PMCID: PMC9512057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangzhiqing formula (TZQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. A significant effect of TZQ on diabetes and hyperlipidemia has been demonstrated, but its effect on atherosclerosis (AS) remains unknown. This study combines pyroptosis with metabolomics to elucidate the effect and mechanism of TZQ on AS. A model of AS was developed using ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. After 6 weeks of atorvastatin (Ator) or TZQ treatment, aortic lumen diameter, aortic lesion size, serum lipid profile, cytokines, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis were analyzed. Serum metabolomics profiles were obtained to examine the effect of TZQ on AS and the correlation between pyroptosis and metabolites was further analyzed. As a result, TZQ significantly reduced the diameter of the common carotid artery during diastole and the blood flow velocity in the aorta during systole; reduced blood lipid levels, arterial vascular plaques, and the release of inflammatory cytokines; and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. According to metabolomics profiling, TZQ is engaged in the treatment of AS via altering arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone production, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) are two major metabolic enzymes associated with pyroptosis.
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10
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N-acetylcysteine attenuates atherosclerosis progression in aging LDL receptor deficient mice with preserved M2 macrophages and increased CD146. Atherosclerosis 2022; 357:41-50. [PMID: 36041358 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The effect of antioxidants on atherosclerosis is inconsistent, and sometimes controversial. We aimed to test the hypothesis that attenuation of atherosclerosis by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) depends on NAC treatment timing and duration. METHODS Male LDL receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were fed a normal diet (ND) and divided into controls (on ND for 24 months), models 1-2 (at age of 9 months, starting NAC treatment for 3 or 6 months), and model 3 (at age of 18 months, starting NAC treatment for 6 months). To determine if hyperlipidemia compromises NAC treatment outcome, mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) starting at age of 6 weeks and treated with NAC starting at 9 months of age for 6 months. RESULTS NAC treatment for 6 months, not for 3 months, significantly attenuated atherosclerosis progression, but did not reverse atherosclerotic lesions, in aging LDLR-/- mice on ND. NAC had no effect on atherosclerotic lesions in mice on HFD. NAC treatment significantly decreased aortic ROS production, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and aorta of aging LDLR-/- mice with increased CD146 level. Bone marrow transplantation study with GFP-positive bone marrow cells showed that NAC treatment preserved M2 population and M2 polarization in the aorta of LDLR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Early and adequate NAC treatment could effectively attenuate inflammation and atherosclerosis progression with preserved M2 population and increased CD146 level in aging LDLR-/- mice without extreme hyperlipidemia.
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11
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Schulte DM, Waetzig GH, Schuett H, Marx M, Schulte B, Garbers C, Lokau J, Vlacil AK, Schulz J, Seoudy AK, Schieffer B, Rosenstiel P, Seeger M, Laudes M, Rose-John S, Lützen U, Grote K, Schreiber S. Case Report: Arterial Wall Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease is Reduced by Olamkicept (sgp130Fc). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:758233. [PMID: 35754497 PMCID: PMC9218605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.758233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a strong driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is a large unmet need for therapies that prevent or reduce excessive inflammation while avoiding systemic immunosuppression. We showed previously that selective inhibition of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signalling by the fusion protein olamkicept (sgp130Fc) prevented and reduced experimental murine atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet independently of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, we allowed compassionate use of olamkicept (600 mg intravenously biweekly for 10 weeks) in a patient with very-high-risk ASCVD. Despite optimal LDL cholesterol under maximum tolerated lipid-lowering treatment, the patient had a remaining very high risk for future cardiovascular events related to significant arterial wall inflammation with lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]-cholesterol as the main contributor. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET/CT) measurements were performed before and after the treatment period. Olamkicept reduced arterial wall inflammation in this patient without interfering with lipoprotein metabolism. No clinical or laboratory side effects were observed during or after treatment with olamkicept. Our findings in this patient matched the results from our mechanistic study in Ldlr−/− mice, which were extended by additional analyses on vascular inflammation. Olamkicept may be a promising option for treating ASCVD independently of LDL cholesterol metabolism. A Phase II trial of olamkicept in ASCVD is currently being prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, Kiel University and UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg H Waetzig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and UKSH, Kiel, Germany.,CONARIS Research Institute AG, Kiel, Germany
| | - Harald Schuett
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Marx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Diagnostics and Therapy, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berenice Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Vlacil
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna K Seoudy
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schieffer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, Kiel University and UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Lützen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Diagnostics and Therapy, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karsten Grote
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and UKSH, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Saba L, Heldner MR, Poorthuis MHF, Borst GJD, Rundek T, Kakkos SK, Chaturvedi S, Topakian R, Polak JF, Jickling GC. Interleukin-6 Predicts Carotid Plaque Severity, Vulnerability, and Progression. Circ Res 2022; 131:e22-e33. [PMID: 35713008 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6 (interleukin-6) has important roles in atherosclerosis pathophysiology. To determine if anti-IL-6 therapy warrants evaluation as an adjuvant stroke prevention strategy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, we tested whether circulating IL-6 levels predict carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression in the prospective population-based CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study). METHODS Duplex carotid ultrasound was performed at baseline and 5 years. Baseline plaque severity was scored 0 to 5 based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial grade of stenosis. Plaque vulnerability at baseline was the presence of markedly irregular, ulcerated, or echolucent plaques. Plaque progression at 5 years was a ≥1 point increase in stenosis severity. The relationship of baseline plasma IL-6 levels with plaque characteristics was modeled using multivariable linear (severity) or logistic (vulnerability and progression) regression. Risk factors of atherosclerosis were included as independent variables. Stepwise backward elimination was used with P>0.05 for variable removal. To assess model stability, we computed the E-value or minimum strength of association (odds ratio scale) that unmeasured confounders must have with log IL-6 and the outcome to suppress the association. We performed internal validation with 100 bootstrap samples. RESULTS There were 4334 participants with complete data (58.9% women, mean age: 72.7±5.1 years), including 1267 (29.2%) with vulnerable plaque and 1474 (34.0%) with plaque progression. Log IL-6 predicted plaque severity (β=0.09, P=1.3×10-3), vulnerability (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.05-1.40]; P=7.4×10-3, E-value=1.71), and progression (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.23-1.69], P=9.1×10-6, E-value 2.24). In participants with >50% predicted probability of progression, mean log IL-6 was 0.54 corresponding to 2.0 pg/mL. Dichotomizing IL-6 levels did not affect the performance of prediction models. CONCLUSIONS Circulating IL-6 predicts carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression. The 2.0 pg/mL cutoff could facilitate the selection of individuals that would benefit from anti-IL-6 drugs for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. (J.K.-T.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland (M.R.H.)
| | - Michiel H F Poorthuis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (M.H.F.P.)
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (G.J.d.B.)
| | | | - Stavros K Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Greece (S.K.K.)
| | | | - Raffi Topakian
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (T.R.).,Academic Teaching Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Austria (R.T.)
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Boston University School of Medicine (J.F.P.)
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. (G.C.J.)
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13
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Ran X, Wang D, Zheng X, Zhang M, Yu B, Sun Y, Wu J. Mettl14 mediates the inflammatory response of macrophages in atherosclerosis through the NF-κB/IL-6 signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:311. [PMID: 35598196 PMCID: PMC9124663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response of macrophages has been reported to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. The inflammatory state of macrophages is modified by epigenetic reprogramming. m6A RNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of RNAs. However, little is known about the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of m6A modification in macrophage inflammation. Herein, we showed that the expression of the m6A modification “writer” Mettl14 was increased in coronary heart disease and LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Knockdown of Mettl14 promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, inhibited foam cell formation and decreased migration. Mechanistically, the expression of Myd88 and IL-6 was decreased in Mettl14 knockdown cells. Through m6A modification, Mettl14 regulated the stability of Myd88 mRNA. Furthermore, Myd88 affected the transcription of IL-6 via the distribution of p65 in nuclei rather than directly regulating the expression of IL-6 through m6A modification. In vivo, Mettl14 gene knockout significantly reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages and the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mettl14 plays a vital role in macrophage inflammation in atherosclerosis via the NF-κB/IL-6 signaling pathway, suggesting that Mettl14 may be a promising therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xianwen Ran
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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14
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Inflammatory Burden and Immunomodulative Therapeutics of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020804. [PMID: 35054989 PMCID: PMC8775955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotyping cardiovascular illness and recognising heterogeneities within are pivotal in the contemporary era. Besides traditional risk factors, accumulated evidence suggested that a high inflammatory burden has emerged as a key characteristic modulating both the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, inclusive of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. To mechanistically elucidate the correlation, signalling pathways downstream to Toll-like receptors, nucleotide oligomerisation domain-like receptors, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor, and corresponding cytokines were raised as central mechanisms exerting the effect of inflammation. Other remarkable adjuvant factors include oxidative stress and secondary ferroptosis. These molecular discoveries have propelled pharmaceutical advancements. Statin was suggested to confer cardiovascular benefits not only by lowering cholesterol levels but also by attenuating inflammation. Colchicine was repurposed as an immunomodulator co-administered with coronary intervention. Novel interleukin-1β and −6 antagonists exhibited promising cardiac benefits in the recent trials as well. Moreover, manipulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolites was addressed to antagonise inflammation-related cardiovascular pathophysiology. The gut-cardio-renal axis was therein established to explain the mutual interrelationship. As for future perspectives, artificial intelligence in conjunction with machine learning could better elucidate the sequencing of the microbiome and data mining. Comprehensively understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and its cardiovascular impact will help identify future therapeutic targets, affording holistic care for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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15
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Innate immune cells in the pathophysiology of calcific aortic valve disease: lessons to be learned from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:28. [PMID: 35581364 PMCID: PMC9114076 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular disease in the developed world with currently no effective pharmacological treatment available. CAVD results from a complex, multifactorial process, in which valvular inflammation and fibro-calcific remodelling lead to valve thickening and cardiac outflow obstruction. The exact underlying pathophysiology of CAVD is still not fully understood, yet the development of CAVD shows many similarities with the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), such as coronary artery disease. Innate immune cells play a crucial role in ASCVD and might also play a pivotal role in the development of CAVD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of innate immune cells, both in the circulation and in the aortic valve, in the development of CAVD and the similarities and differences with ASCVD. Trained immunity and clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential are proposed as novel immunological mechanisms that possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of CAVD and new possible treatment targets are discussed.
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16
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Aghamajidi A, Gorgani M, Shahba F, Shafaghat Z, Mojtabavi N. The potential targets in immunotherapy of atherosclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:199-216. [PMID: 34779341 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1988591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death, which has the highest mortality rate worldwide. Although a diverse range of inflammatory diseases can affect the cardiovascular system, however, heart failure and stroke occur due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease of small to large vessels in which different immune mediators are involved in lipid plaque formation and inflammatory vascular remodeling process. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis may lead to uncovering immunomodulatory therapies. Despite present diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the lack of immunotherapy in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is perceptible. In this review, we will discuss the promising immunological-based therapeutics and novel preventive approaches for atherosclerosis. This study could provide new insights into a better perception of targeted therapeutic pathways and biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Gorgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Ou X, Xia T, Yang C, Yu C, Zhang S, Huang R, Chen C, Zhou C. Novel H 2S donor proglumide-ADT-OH protects HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury through NF-κB and JAK/SATA pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1318-1327. [PMID: 34568579 PMCID: PMC8428624 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a gaseous mediator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has many physiological effects and pathological effects in atherosclerosis. In recent years, many exogenous H2S donors have been synthesized to study atherosclerosis diseases. In this study, proglumide-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione) (P-A) was synthesized as a H2S donor. The protective effect and mechanism of P-A on HUVEC that was injured by ox-LDL were detected. The HUEVCs were affected by 100 μmol/L P-A for 24 h; the release of H2S was the largest. After 100 μmol/L P-A acted on HUVEC damage model for 12 h, the cell proliferation activity was the best. The results showed that P-A can downregulate the expression of p-NF-кBp65 protein and reduce the amount of TNF-α and IL-6 and promote the formation of IL-10 by inhibiting the NF-кB pathway, and also induce the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to protect HUVEC from ox-LDL injury. P-A can also regulate JAK/STAT pathway to reduce the expression of p-JAK2 protein and reduce the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. P-A has protective effect on HUVEC injured by ox-LDL, and the protective mechanism is related to the regulation of JAK/STAT pathway and NF-кB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Ou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianqin Xia
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyang Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan, China
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18
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Su JH, Luo MY, Liang N, Gong SX, Chen W, Huang WQ, Tian Y, Wang AP. Interleukin-6: A Novel Target for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:745061. [PMID: 34504432 PMCID: PMC8421530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.745061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease is a collective term for cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, being a serious threat to human health. A growing number of studies have proved that the content of inflammatory factors or mediators determines the stability of vascular plaque and the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular event, and involves in the process of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Interleukin-6 is a widely used cytokine that causes inflammation and oxidative stress, which would further result in cardiac and cerebral injury. The increased expression of interleukin-6 is closely related to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemic stroke. It is a key risk factor for these diseases by triggering inflammatory reaction and inducing other molecules release. Therefore, interleukin-6 may become a potential target for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in the future. This paper is aimed to discuss the expression changes and pathological mechanisms of interleukin-6 in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, and to provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Su
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meng-Yi Luo
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Na- Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-Qian Huang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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19
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Ridker PM. From RESCUE to ZEUS: will interleukin-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab prove effective for cardiovascular event reduction? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:e138-e140. [PMID: 34352102 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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20
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Bandaru S, Ala C, Zhou AX, Akyürek LM. Filamin A Regulates Cardiovascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126555. [PMID: 34207234 PMCID: PMC8235345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by transporting multiple transcription factors into the nucleus. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FLNA participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in which the interaction of FLNA with transcription factors and/or cell signaling molecules dictate the function of vascular cells. Localized FLNA mutations associate with cardiovascular malformations in humans. A lack of FLNA in experimental animal models disrupts cell migration during embryogenesis and causes anomalies, including heart and vessels, similar to human malformations. More recently, it was shown that FLNA mediates the progression of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Thus, these latest findings identify FLNA as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular development and remodeling, and thus a potential target for therapy. In this update, we summarized the literature on filamin biology with regard to cardiovascular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashidar Bandaru
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Chandu Ala
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Levent M. Akyürek
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Mohammad-Rezaei M, Ahmadi R, Rafiei A, Khaledifar A, Fattahi S, Samiei-Sefat A, Emami S, Bagheri N. Serum levels of IL-32 in patients with coronary artery disease and its relationship with the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4263-4271. [PMID: 34086163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by atherosclerosis, in which arteries become clogged due to plaque formation, fat accumulation, and various sorts of immune cells. IL-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine, which enhances inflammation through inducing the secretion of different inflammatory cytokines. The main objective of the current study was to assess the serum levels of IL-32 in subjects with obstructive CAD and its relationship with the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. This study was performed on 42 subjects with obstructive CAD and 42 subjects with non-obstructive CAD. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were 3.2, 3.48, and 2.7 times higher in obstructive CAD compared to non-obstructive CAD, respectively. Moreover, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-32 in obstructive CAD with cardiac arterial stenosis in one major vessel were significantly higher than the levels in obstructive CAD with cardiac arterial stenosis in more than one major vessel. ROC curve analysis revealed that the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were good predictors of obstructive CAD. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-32, LDL, and ox-LDL were independently related to the presence of obstructive CAD, while serum levels of HDL were not. TNF-α, IL-32, and IL-6 showed an increase in obstructive CAD, and the serum levels of these cytokines showed a satisfactory ability for predicting obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammad-Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Rafiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arsalan Khaledifar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soheila Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azadeh Samiei-Sefat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shohreh Emami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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22
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Ridker PM, Devalaraja M, Baeres FMM, Engelmann MDM, Hovingh GK, Ivkovic M, Lo L, Kling D, Pergola P, Raj D, Libby P, Davidson M. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2021; 397:2060-2069. [PMID: 34015342 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6 has emerged as a pivotal factor in atherothrombosis. Yet, the safety and efficacy of IL-6 inhibition among individuals at high atherosclerotic risk but without a systemic inflammatory disorder is unknown. We therefore addressed whether ziltivekimab, a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-6 ligand, safely and effectively reduces biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis among patients with high cardiovascular risk. We focused on individuals with elevated high-sensitivity CRP and chronic kidney disease, a group with substantial unmet clinical need in whom previous studies in inflammation inhibition have shown efficacy for cardiovascular event reduction. METHODS RESCUE is a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial done at 40 clinical sites in the USA. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, and high-sensitivity CRP of at least 2 mg/L. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to subcutaneous administration of placebo or ziltivekimab 7·5 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg every 4 weeks up to 24 weeks. The primary outcome was percentage change from baseline in high-sensitivity CRP after 12 weeks of treatment with ziltivekimab compared with placebo, with additional biomarker and safety data collected over 24 weeks of treatment. Primary analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of assigned treatment. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03926117. FINDINGS Between June 17, 2019, and Jan 14, 2020, 264 participants were enrolled into the trial, of whom 66 were randomly assigned to each of the four treatment groups. At 12 weeks after randomisation, median high-sensitivity CRP levels were reduced by 77% for the 7·5 mg group, 88% for the 15 mg group, and 92% for the 30 mg group compared with 4% for the placebo group. As such, the median pairwise differences in percentage change in high-sensitivity CRP between the ziltivekimab and placebo groups, after aligning for strata, were -66·2% for the 7·5 mg group, -77·7% for the 15 mg group, and -87·8% for the 30 mg group (all p<0·0001). Effects were stable over the 24-week treatment period. Dose-dependent reductions were also observed for fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, secretory phospholipase A2, and lipoprotein(a). Ziltivekimab was well tolerated, did not affect the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, and there were no serious injection-site reactions, sustained grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. INTERPRETATION Ziltivekimab markedly reduced biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis relevant to atherosclerosis. On the basis of these data, a large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trial will investigate the effect of ziltivekimab in patients with chronic kidney disease, increased high-sensitivity CRP, and established cardiovascular disease. FUNDING Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry Lo
- Corvidia Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dominic Raj
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Abstract
IL (interleukin)-6 is a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, which enacts a broad set of physiological functions traditionally associated with host defense, immune cell regulation, proliferation, and differentiation. Following recognition of innate immune pathways leading from the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome to IL-1 to IL-6 and on to the hepatically derived clinical biomarker CRP (C-reactive protein), an expanding literature has led to understanding of the proatherogenic role for IL-6 in cardiovascular disease and thus the potential for IL-6 inhibition as a novel method for vascular protection. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which IL-6 signaling occurs and how that impacts upon pharmacological inhibition; describe murine models of IL-6 and atherogenesis; summarize human epidemiological data outlining the utility of IL-6 as a biomarker of vascular risk; outline genetic data suggesting a causal role for IL-6 in systemic atherothrombosis and aneurysm formation; and then detail the potential role of IL-6 inhibition in stable coronary disease, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and the atherothrombotic complications associated with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Finally, we review anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic findings for ziltivekimab, a novel IL-6 ligand inhibitor being developed specifically for use in atherosclerotic disease and poised to be tested formally in a large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trial focused on individuals with chronic kidney disease and elevated levels of CRP, a population at high residual atherothrombotic risk, high residual inflammatory risk, and considerable unmet clinical need.
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MESH Headings
- Aneurysm/etiology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammasomes
- Inflammation/complications
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- Myocardial Ischemia/therapy
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Renal Dialysis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
- Thrombosis/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manas Rane
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Luo P, Wang Y, Zhao C, Guo J, Shi W, Ma H, Liu T, Yan D, Huo S, Wang M, Li C, Lin J, Li S, Lv J, Zhang C, Lin L. Bazedoxifene exhibits anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerotic effects via inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173822. [PMID: 33347820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is regarded as chronic inflammatory disease. The IL-6/STAT3 pathway plays an important role in inflammation. We previously described a small-molecule compound, Bazedoxifene, which target IL-6/STAT3 pathway and has been approved for clinical use for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Bazedoxifene in the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Five-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were fed with High-fat diet (HFD) containing 5 mg/kg Bazedoxifene or a matching control for 12 weeks. Oil red O (ORO) staining was used to detect plaque size; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the presence of endothelial cells, vascular muscle cells and phosphorylated STAT3 (P-STAT3) in localized plaques. The potential underlying mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular muscle cells (VSMCs) was detected by Western blot analysis, Wound healing assay and Elisa assay. In the ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD, daily Bazedoxifene administration effectively attenuated atherosclerotic plaque area (P < 0.01), down-regulated IL-6 levels (P < 0.01), decreased STAT3 phosphorylation, reduced VSMCs proliferation and increased endothelial coverage in aortic vessels. Interestingly, we found HUVECs lack of membrane IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) compared to VSMCs (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL6R) participates in the activation of STAT3 induced by IL-6 or TNF-α in HUVECs and primary HUVECs. Bazedoxifene did not inhibit the growth of HUVECs while suppressing the proliferation of VSMCs. Bazedoxifene is an attractive novel therapeutic reagent for atherosclerosis diseases. This mechanism may be partially attributed to regulating IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rats
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongqiang Zhao
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, First People's Hospital of ShangQiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqi Huo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Han H, Du R, Cheng P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune Infiltrates and Aberrant Pathways Activation in Atherosclerotic Plaque. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:602345. [PMID: 33614738 PMCID: PMC7892440 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The development of gene chip and high-throughput sequencing technologies revealed that the immune microenvironment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in high-risk populations played an important role in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Three gene expression datasets related to CAD were assessed using high-throughput profiling. CIBERSORT analysis revealed significant differences in five types of immune cells: activated dendritic cells (DCs), T follicular helper cells (Tfhs), resting CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and γδ T cells. Immune transcriptome analysis indicated higher levels of inflammatory markers (cytolytic activity, antigen presentation, chemokines, and cytokines) in the cases than in the controls. The level of activated DCs and the lipid clearance signaling score were negatively correlated. We observed a positive correlation between the fraction of Tfhs and lipid biosynthesis. Resting CD4+ T cells and the activity of pathways related to ossification in bone remodeling and glutathione synthesis showed a negative correlation. Gamma delta T cells negatively correlated with IL-23 signaling activity. GSEA revealed a close association with the inflammatory immune microenvironment. The present study revealed that CAD patients may have an inflammatory immune microenvironment and provides a timely update on anti-inflammatory therapies under current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hukui Han
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Du
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panke Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Emergency Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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26
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Ma J, Chen X. Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease: Unanswered Questions Behind Existing Successes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:631398. [PMID: 33598482 PMCID: PMC7882495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.631398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a serious threat to human health. The results of the Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study published in 2017 put an end to the perennial debate about the anti-inflammatory treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. In addition to interleukin 1β monoclonal antibody, interleukin 6 receptor antagonists and colchicine have also shown exciting results in clinical trials within the last 3 years. However, behind these successes, questions remain that need to be addressed. In this review, we summarize the successes and existing doubts of interleukin 1β antibodies, interleukin 6 receptor antagonists, and colchicine in the anti-inflammatory treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Pham LM, Kim EC, Ou W, Phung CD, Nguyen TT, Pham TT, Poudel K, Gautam M, Nguyen HT, Jeong JH, Yong CS, Park SY, Kim JR, Kim JO. Targeting and clearance of senescent foamy macrophages and senescent endothelial cells by antibody-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for alleviating aorta atherosclerosis. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120677. [PMID: 33503557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells drive atherosclerosis at all stages and contribute to cardiovascular disease. However, the markers in these senescent aortic plaques have not been well studied, creating a huge obstacle in the exploration of a precise and efficient system for atherosclerosis treatment. Recently, CD9 has been found to induce cellular senescence and aggravated atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. In the present study, this result has been leveraged to develop CD9 antibody-modified, hyaluronic acid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a hyaluronidase-responsive drug release profile. In invitro models of senescent foamy macrophages and senescent endothelial cells stimulated with oxidized high-density-lipoprotein, the CD9 antibody-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles exhibit high cellular uptake; reduce the reactive oxygen species level, high-density lipoprotein oxidation, and production of TNF-α and IL-6; and attenuate the senescence process, contributing to improved cell viability. In vivo experiment demonstrated that these nanoparticles can successfully target the senescent lesion areas, deliver the anti-senescence drug rosuvastatin to the senescent atherosclerotic plaques (mainly endothelial cells and macrophages), and alleviate the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. By providing deep insight regarding the markers in senescent atherosclerotic plaque and developing a nano-system targeting this lesion area, the study proposes a novel and an accurate therapeutic approach for mitigating atherosclerosis through senescent cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eok-Cheon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenquan Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Tiep Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tung Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishwor Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Milan Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Sato T, Shimizu T, Fujita H, Imai Y, Drucker DJ, Seino Y, Yamada Y. GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Differentially Modifies the Outcomes of Sterile vs Viral Pulmonary Inflammation in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5943674. [PMID: 33125041 PMCID: PMC7678414 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of disease states, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infection. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used to treat T2D and exert anti-inflammatory actions through a single, well-defined GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Although highly expressed in the lung, little is known about the role of the GLP-1R in the context of pulmonary inflammation. Here we examined the consequences of gain or loss of GLP-1R activity in infectious and noninfectious lung inflammation. We studied wild-type mice treated with a GLP-1R agonist, and Glp1r-/- mice, in the setting of bleomycin-induced noninfectious lung injury and influenza virus infection. Loss of the GLP-1R attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury, whereas activation of GLP-1R signaling increased pulmonary inflammation via the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, GLP-1R agonism reduced the pathogen load in mice with experimental influenza virus infection in association with increased expression of intracellular interferon-inducible GTPases. Notably, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improved the survival rate after influenza virus infection. Our results reveal context-dependent roles for the GLP-1 system in the response to lung injury. Notably, the therapeutic response of GLP-1R agonism in the setting of experimental influenza virus infection may have relevance for ongoing studies of GLP-1R agonism in people with T2D susceptible to viral lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sato
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Laboratory of Regulation for Intractable Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Montarello NJ, Nguyen MT, Wong DTL, Nicholls SJ, Psaltis PJ. Inflammation in Coronary Atherosclerosis and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 36:347-362. [PMID: 33170943 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease has a complex pathogenesis which extends beyond cholesterol intimal infiltration. It involves chronic inflammation of the coronary artery wall driven by systemic and local activation of both the adaptive and innate immune systems, which can ultimately result in the rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque, leading to thrombosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Despite current best practice care, including the widespread use of cholesterol-lowering statins, atherothrombotic cardiovascular events recur at alarming rates post-MI. To a large extent, this reflects residual inflammation that is not adequately controlled by contemporary treatment. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in the pharmacological targeting of inflammation to improve outcomes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This has comprised both novel pathway-specific agents, most notably the anti-interleukin-1 beta monoclonal antibody, canakinumab, and the repurposing of established, broad-acting drugs, such as colchicine, that are already approved for the management of other inflammatory conditions. Here we discuss the importance of inflammation in mediating atherosclerosis and its complications and provide a timely update on "new" and "old" anti-inflammatory therapies currently being investigated to target it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Montarello
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mau T Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Dennis T L Wong
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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30
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Abstract
Cancer therapies can lead to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular complications. Among these, cardiotoxicities remain of prime concern, but vascular toxicities have emerged as the second most common group. The range of cancer therapies with a vascular toxicity profile and the clinical spectrum of vascular toxic effects are quite broad. Historically, venous thromboembolism has received the greatest attention but, over the past decade, the arterial toxic effects, which can present as acute vasospasm, acute thrombosis and accelerated atherosclerosis, of cancer therapies have gained greater recognition. This Review focuses on these types of cancer therapy-related arterial toxicity, including their mechanisms, and provides an update on venous thromboembolism and pulmonary hypertension associated with cancer therapies. Recommendations for the screening, treatment and prevention of vascular toxic effects of cancer therapies are outlined in the context of available evidence and society guidelines and consensus statements. The shift towards greater awareness of the vascular toxic effects of cancer therapies has further unveiled the urgent needs in this area in terms of defining best clinical practices. Well-designed and well-conducted clinical studies and registries are needed to more precisely define the incidence rates, risk factors, primary and secondary modes of prevention, and best treatment modalities for vascular toxicities related to cancer therapies. These efforts should be complemented by preclinical studies to outline the pathophysiological concepts that can be translated into the clinic and to identify drugs with vascular toxicity potential even before their widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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31
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Grover SP, Mackman N. Tissue factor in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:80-86. [PMID: 32674807 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation of lipid rich plaques in the wall of medium to large sized arteries. Atherothrombosis represents the terminal manifestation of this pathology in which atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion triggers the formation of occlusive thrombi. Occlusion of arteries and resultant tissue ischemia in the heart and brain causes myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively. Tissue factor (TF) is the receptor for the coagulation protease factor VIIa, and formation of the TF:factor VIIa complex triggers blood coagulation. TF is expressed at high levels in atherosclerotic plaques by both macrophage-derived foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as extracellular vesicles derived from these cells. Importantly, TF mediated activation of coagulation is critically important for arterial thrombosis in the setting of atherosclerotic disease. The major endogenous inhibitor of the TF:factor VIIa complex is TF pathway inhibitor 1 (TFPI-1), which is also present in atherosclerotic plaques. In mouse models, increased or decreased expression of TFPI-1 has been found to alter atherosclerosis. This review highlights the contribution of TF-dependent activation of coagulation to atherthrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Liu Y, Cheng P, Wu AH. Honokiol inhibits carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque formation by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8016-8028. [PMID: 32365054 PMCID: PMC7244088 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is a natural active compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, Magnolia officinalis. In this study, the role of honokiol in the development of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions was evaluated in an ApoE-/- mouse model fed with a normal diet (ND) or a Western-type diet (WD) for ten weeks. After first two weeks, a perivascular collar was surgically placed on the right common carotid arteries of the mice. Then, WD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with honokiol (10 or 20 mg/kg) or administrated with 10 mg/kg atorvastatin calcium by gavage once a day for eight weeks. After that, the right common carotid arteries were excised for further experiments. The result showed that honokiol substantially inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, honokiol downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, honokiol treatment decreased reactive oxygen species level and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Nitric oxide level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and aberrant activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway were also significantly inhibited by honokiol treatment. Together, these findings suggest that honokiol protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in carotid artery, and may be an effective drug candidate for the treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Munjal A, Khandia R. Atherosclerosis: orchestrating cells and biomolecules involved in its activation and inhibition. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:85-122. [PMID: 32085889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term atherosclerosis refers to the condition of deposition of lipids and other substances in and on the artery walls, called as plaque that restricts the normal blood flow. The plaque may be stable or unstable in nature. Unstable plaque can burst and trigger clot formation adding further adversities. The process of plaque formation involves various stages including fatty streak, intermediate or fibro-fatty lesion and advanced lesion. The cells participating in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, monocytes derived macrophages, macrophages and dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (TREG). The role of a variety of cytokines and chemokines have been studied which either help in progression of atherosclerotic plaque or vice versa. The cytokines involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation include IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-20, IL-25, IL-27, IL-33, IL-37, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ; whereas amongst the chemokines (family of small cytokines) are CCL2, CCL3, CXCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CCL19 and CCL21 and macrophage migration-inhibitory factor. These are involved in the atherosclerosis advancements, whereas the chemokine CXCL12 is play atheroprotective roles. Apart this, contradictory functions have been documented for few other chemokines such as CXCL16. Since the cytokines and chemokines are amongst the key molecules involved in orchestrating the atherosclerosis advancements, targeting them might be an effective strategy to encumber the atherosclerotic progression. Blockage of cytokines and chemokines via the means of broad-spectrum inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, usage of decoy receptors or RNA interference have been proved to be useful intervention against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
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Oral Janus kinase/SYK inhibition (ASN002) suppresses inflammation and improves epidermal barrier markers in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1011-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081109. [PMID: 31357404 PMCID: PMC6722844 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) results from build-up of cholesterol-rich plaques in the walls of the coronary arteries and is a leading cause of death. Inflammation is central to atherosclerosis. Uncontrolled inflammation makes coronary plaques “unstable” and vulnerable to rupture or erosion, leading to thrombosis and myocardial infarction (MI). As multiple inflamed plaques often co-exist in the coronary system, patients are at risk of repeated atherothrombotic cardiovascular events after MI, with rates of 10–12% at one year and 18–20% at three years. This is largely because current therapies for CAD, such as lipid-lowering statins, do not adequately control plaque inflammation. New anti-atherosclerotic agents are therefore needed, especially those that better target inflammation. The recent positive results for the anti-interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) monoclonal antibody, Canakinumab, in the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) clinical trial has provided a major stimulant to the field. It highlights that not only is inflammation important from a pathogenic and risk prediction perspective in CAD, but that reducing inflammation can be beneficial. The challenge is now to find the best strategies to achieve this in real-world practice. This review outlines the role that inflammation plays in atherosclerosis and provides an update on anti-inflammatory therapies currently being investigated to target atherosclerosis.
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Pitavastatin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects via the Suppression of AP-1 Signal Transduction in Human T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143534. [PMID: 31330988 PMCID: PMC6678418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase are the standard treatment for hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), mediated by inflammatory reactions within vessel walls. Several studies highlighted the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond their lipid-lowering properties. However, few studies investigated the effects of statins on T cell activation. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory capacities of three common statins, pitavastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin, in activated human T cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated stronger inhibitory effects of pitavastatin on the cytokine production of T cells activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin, including interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Molecular investigations revealed that pitavastatin reduced both activating protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding and transcriptional activities. Further exploration showed the selectively inhibitory effect of pitavastatin on the signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our findings suggested that pitavastatin might provide additional benefits for treating hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD through its potent immunomodulatory effects on the suppression of ERK/p38/AP-1 signaling in human T cells.
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Yang Z, Shi L, Xue Y, Zeng T, Shi Y, Lin Y, Liu L. Interleukin-32 increases in coronary arteries and plasma from patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:104-109. [PMID: 31326419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in inflammatory environments. This study aimed to investigate the IL-32 levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS IL-32 expression in coronary arteries from both normal donors and CAD patients were analyzed. Plasma IL-32, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 80) patients, unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n = 96) patients, acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n = 72) patients and patients exhibiting chest pain unrelated to coronary artery disease (NCAD, n = 72) were measured. Additionally, whether plasma IL-32 levels were independent correlated with the presence of CAD was analyzed. RESULTS IL-32 was high expressed in atherosclerotic plaques of CAD patients when compared with normal coronary arteries, and macrophages were the major sources of IL-32. Compared with the NCAD group, IL-32, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were increased in the CAD group and gradually increased through the SAP, UAP and AMI groups. Plasma IL-32 levels were positively correlated with the Gensini score, IFN-γ levels and IL-17 levels in CAD patients. The results of linear regression showed that IL-32 was independently associated with the occurrence of CAD. CONCLUSION Both the coronary artery and circulating IL-32 levels were increased in CAD patients and IL-32 may be a marker of noninvasive diagnosis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
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Bandaru S, Ala C, Salimi R, Akula MK, Ekstrand M, Devarakonda S, Karlsson J, Van den Eynden J, Bergström G, Larsson E, Levin M, Borén J, Bergo MO, Akyürek LM. Targeting Filamin A Reduces Macrophage Activity and Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2019; 140:67-79. [PMID: 31014088 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin-binding protein FLNA (filamin A) regulates signal transduction important for cell locomotion, but the role of macrophage-specific FLNA during atherogenesis has not been explored. METHODS We analyzed FLNA expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques by immunofluorescence. We also produced mice with Flna-deficient macrophages by breeding conditional Flna-knockout mice ( Flna o/fl) with mice expressing Cre from the macrophage-specific lysosome M promoter ( LC). Atherosclerosis in vivo was studied by transplanting bone marrow from male Flna o/fl/ LC mice to atherogenic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient ( Ldlr-/-) mice; and by infecting Flna o/fl and Flna o/fl/ LC mice with AdPCSK9 (adenoviral vector overexpressing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9). Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice were infected with AdPCSK9 and then treated with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin to inhibit FLNA cleavage. RESULTS We found that macrophage FLNA expression was higher in advanced than in intermediate human atherosclerotic plaques. Flna o/fl/ LC macrophages proliferated and migrated less than controls; expressed lower levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2; exhibited reduced foam cell formation and lipid uptake; and excreted more lipids. The deficiency of Flna in macrophages markedly reduced the size of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in both Ldlr-/-BMT: Flnao/fl/LC and AdPCSK9-infected Flna o/fl/ LC mice. Intima/media ratios and numbers of CD68-positive macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques were lower in Flna-deficient mice than in control mice. Moreover, we found that STAT3 interacts with a calpain-cleaved carboxyl-terminal fragment of FLNA. Inhibiting calpain-mediated FLNA cleavage with calpeptin in macrophages reduced nuclear levels of phosphorylated STAT3, interleukin 6 secretion, foam cell formation, and lipid uptake. Finally, calpeptin treatment reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in C57BL/6 mice infected with AdPCSK9. CONCLUSIONS Genetic inactivation of Flna and chemical inhibition of calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA impaired macrophage signaling and function, and reduced atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that drugs targeting FLNA may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashidar Bandaru
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandu Ala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reza Salimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy (M.K.A., J.K., M.O.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matias Ekstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.E., G.B., M.L., J.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravani Devarakonda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy (M.K.A., J.K., M.O.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, Belgium (J.V.d.E.)
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.E., G.B., M.L., J.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden (G.B.)
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.E., G.B., M.L., J.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (M.E., G.B., M.L., J.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy (M.K.A., J.K., M.O.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.O.B.)
| | - Levent M Akyürek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (S.B., C.A., R.S., S.D., J.V.d.E., E.L., L.M.A.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Göteborg, Sweden (L.M.A.)
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Thirunavukkarasu S, Khader SA. Advances in Cardiovascular Disease Lipid Research Can Provide Novel Insights Into Mycobacterial Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:116. [PMID: 31058102 PMCID: PMC6482252 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations and an emerging health problem in the developing world. Systemic inflammatory processes associated with alterations in lipid metabolism are a major contributing factor that mediates the development of CVDs, especially atherosclerosis. Therefore, the pathways promoting alterations in lipid metabolism and the interplay between varying cellular types, signaling agents, and effector molecules have been well-studied. Mycobacterial species are the causative agents of various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Modulation of host lipid metabolism by mycobacteria plays a prominent role in its survival strategy within the host as well as in disease pathogenesis. However, there are still several knowledge gaps in the mechanistic understanding of how mycobacteria can alter host lipid metabolism. Considering the in-depth research available in the area of cardiovascular research, this review presents an overview of the parallel areas of research in host lipid-mediated immunological changes that might be extrapolated and explored to understand the underlying basis of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Chen L, Lu F, Wang Z, Liu L, Yin L, Zhang J, Meng Q. Influence of interleukin-1β gene polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction complicated with ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5166-5170. [PMID: 30542472 PMCID: PMC6257413 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the correlation between interleukin (IL)-1β-511C/T gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI) complicated with ischemic stroke (IS). A total of 251 MI patients complicated with IS (observation group) and 200 healthy people (control group) were selected for the case-control study. IL-1β-511C/T gene polymorphism was detected via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between gene polymorphism and MI complicated with IS, was analyzed after traditional risk factors were adjusted by using logistic regression method. The frequencies of CT and TT genotypes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The frequency of T allele in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but the frequency of C allele was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). According to results of logistic regression analysis, arrhythmia and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with MI complicated with IS. In patients with arrhythmia, the risk of disease in carriers with IL-1β-511T gene was 1.7–1.8 times that in non-carriers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.742 and 1.839, P<0.05]. In patients with abnormal HDL-C, the risk of disease in carriers with IL-1β-511T gene was 2.0–2.2 times that in non-carriers (OR = 2.011 and 2.249, P<0.05). Besides, the risk of MI complicated with IS in carriers with CC genotype had no significant difference in patients with arrhythmia and abnormal HDL-C (P>0.05). IL-1β-511C/T gene polymorphism may be related to the risk of MI complicated with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- ECG Room, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Endoscopy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Endoscopy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Yin
- Health Management Center, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Ward 2, ICU, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Xu J, Ge K, Tian Q, Zhao P, Guo Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of low molecular weight fucoidan from Saccharina japonica on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:365-374. [PMID: 29906534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the key cause of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The inflammatory response and lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the development and progression of AS. This work aims to study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) obtained from Saccharina japonica on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout mice. The experimental results showed that LMWF statistically decreased the levels of triglyceride (TRIG) and oxidative low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) and stabilized established atherosclerotic lesions. LMWF ameliorated the inflammatory response by down regulating IL-6 and by up regulating IL-10 transcriptional levels, and LMWF returned p-JNK and cyclin D1 to normal levels. Moreover, LMWF increased the mRNA level of CD11b in the aorta and suppressed the expression of CD11b in the intimal layer of the aorta. Therefore, LMWF prevented macrophages from developing into foam cells and prevented SMCs from migrating into the intimal layer of the aorta, which inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques; and ameliorated the occurrence and development of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Keli Ge
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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6-Gingerol Ameliorates Behavioral Changes and Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE−/− Mice Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 18:420-430. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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