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Wu YL, Christodoulou AG, Beumer JH, Rigatti LH, Fisher R, Ross M, Watkins S, Cortes DRE, Ruck C, Manzoor S, Wyman SK, Stapleton MC, Goetzman E, Bharathi S, Wipf P, Wang H, Tan T, Christner SM, Guo J, Lo CWY, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS. Mitigation of Fetal Radiation Injury from Mid-Gestation Total-body Irradiation by Maternal Administration of Mitochondrial-Targeted GS-Nitroxide JP4-039. Radiat Res 2024; 202:565-579. [PMID: 39074819 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00095.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Victims of a radiation terrorist event will include pregnant women and unborn fetuses. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key pathogenic factors of fetal radiation injury. The goal of this preclinical study is to investigate the efficacy of mitigating fetal radiation injury by maternal administration of the mitochondrial-targeted gramicidin S (GS)-nitroxide radiation mitigator JP4-039. Pregnant female C57BL/6NTac mice received 3 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) at mid-gestation embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Using novel time-and-motion-resolved 4D in utero magnetic resonance imaging (4D-uMRI), we found TBI caused extensive injury to the fetal brain that included cerebral hemorrhage, loss of cerebral tissue, and hydrocephalus with excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Histopathology of the fetal mouse brain showed broken cerebral vessels and elevated apoptosis. Further use of novel 4D Oxy-wavelet MRI capable of probing in vivo mitochondrial function in intact brain revealed a significant reduction of mitochondrial function in the fetal brain after 3 Gy TBI. This was validated by ex vivo Oroboros mitochondrial respirometry. One day after TBI (E14.5) maternal administration of JP4-039, which passes through the placenta, significantly reduced fetal brain radiation injury and improved fetal brain mitochondrial respiration. Treatment also preserved cerebral brain tissue integrity and reduced cerebral hemorrhage and cell death. JP4-039 administration following irradiation resulted in increased survival of pups. These findings indicate that JP4-039 can be deployed as a safe and effective mitigator of fetal radiation injury from mid-gestational in utero ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijen L Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Anthony G Christodoulou
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Mark Ross
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Devin R E Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Cody Ruck
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Shanim Manzoor
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Samuel K Wyman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Margaret C Stapleton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Eric Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Sivakama Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Chemistry, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Susan M Christner
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Cecilia W Y Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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2
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Balaji P, Liulu X, Sivakumar S, Chong JJH, Kizana E, Vandenberg JI, Hill AP, Hau E, Qian PC. Mechanistic Insights and Knowledge Gaps in the Effects of Radiation Therapy on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)03316-9. [PMID: 39222823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an innovative modality for the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Phase 1/2 clinical trials have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of SBRT at reducing VA burden (by >85%) in patients with good short-term safety. SBRT as an option for VA treatment delivered in an ambulatory nonsedated patient in a single fraction during an outpatient session of 15 to 30 minutes, without added risks of anesthetic or surgery, is clinically relevant. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Currently, the clinical dosing of SBRT has been derived from preclinical studies aimed at inducing transmural fibrosis in the atria. The propitious clinical effects of SBRT appear earlier than the time course for fibrosis. This review addresses the plausible mechanisms by which radiation alters the electrophysiological properties of myocytes and myocardial conduction to impart an antiarrhythmic effect, elucidate clinical observations, and point the direction for further research in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Balaji
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xingzhou Liulu
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonaali Sivakumar
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Blacktown Hematology and Cancer Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierre C Qian
- Cardiology Department, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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3
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Yu K, Su X, Zhou T, Cai X, Zhang M. EEPD1 attenuates radiation-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis by degrading FOXO3A in cardiomyocytes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 39210825 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a severe delayed complication of thoracic irradiation (IR). Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain-containing 1 ( EEPD1) plays an important role in DNA damage repair, but its role in RIHD is less known. In this study, EEPD1 global knockout mice, C57BL/6J mice, and C57BL/6J mice overexpressing EEPD1 are treated with radiation at a total dose of 20 Gy or 0 Gy. After 9 weeks, echocardiography is used to assess cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. The results show that EEPD1 deletion exacerbates radiation-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis, while EEPD1 overexpression has the opposite effect. Further mechanistic investigations reveal that EEPD1 interacts with FOXO3A and destabilizes it by catalyzing its deubiquitination. Inhibition of FOXO3A ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis after EEPD1 knockdown. Thus, EEPD1 protects against radiation-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis via destabilization of FOXO3A, which may offer new insight into therapeutic strategies for RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tongfang Zhou
- Radiotherapy Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuwei Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
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Dahiya A, Sharma S, Agrawala PK, Dutta A. Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A mitigates ionizing radiation induced redox imbalance by regulating NRF2/GPX4/PINK1/PARKIN signaling in mice intestine. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:943. [PMID: 39198316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal-acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) caused by moderate to high doses of ionizing radiation exposure contribute to early death in humans. GI injury is also a common adverse effect seen in cancer patients undergoing abdominal/pelvic radiotherapy. Currently, no countermeasure agents have been approved for medical management of GI-ARS. The present study aims to evaluate the mechanism of action of Trichostatin A(TSA), a pan histone deacetylase inhibitor, against radiation-induced GI injury. METHODS TSA (150 ng/kg bw) was administered to mice 1 h and 24 h after 15 Gy abdominal irradiation. Expression of various markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis were checked in the jejunum, and their possible regulation through the Nrf2 signaling pathway was evaluated. RESULTS TSA administered post-irradiation (15 Gy + TSA) elevated intestinal total antioxidant and glutathione levels by regulating the expression of Slc7A11 and antioxidant proteins, GCLC, GPX4, and TXNRD1. Improved mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, downregulation of mitochondrial quality control proteins, (PINK1 and PARKIN), and differential regulation of the apoptotic proteins, (BAX, PUMA and BCL2) with reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in the TSA-adminstered group were observed. TSA also upregulated Nrf2 in the presence of its specific inhibitor, ML385, suggesting its involvement in regulating Nrf2 signaling during oxidative stress induced by radiation in intestine. H & E stained jejunum cross-sections revealed that TSA mitigated radiation-mediated intestinal injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicate that TSA is beneficial in mitigating the damaging effects of ionizing radiation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshu Dahiya
- Radiomitigation Research Department, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Suchitra Sharma
- Radiomitigation Research Department, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Paban K Agrawala
- Radiomitigation Research Department, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ajaswrata Dutta
- Radiomitigation Research Department, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. S.K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India.
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5
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Ait‐Aissa K, Guo X, Klemmensen M, Juhr D, Leng LN, Koval OM, Grumbach IM. Short-Term Statin Treatment Reduces, and Long-Term Statin Treatment Abolishes, Chronic Vascular Injury by Radiation Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033558. [PMID: 38904226 PMCID: PMC11255702 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidental use of statins during radiation therapy has been associated with a reduced long-term risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We examined whether irradiation causes chronic vascular injury and whether short-term administration of statins during and after irradiation is sufficient to prevent chronic injury compared with long-term administration. METHODS AND RESULTS C57Bl/6 mice were pretreated with pravastatin for 72 hours and then exposed to 12 Gy X-ray head-and-neck irradiation. Pravastatin was then administered either for an additional 24 hours or for 1 year. Carotid arteries were tested for vascular reactivity, altered gene expression, and collagen deposition 1 year after irradiation. Treatment with pravastatin for 24 hours after irradiation reduced the loss of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and protected against enhanced vasoconstriction. Expression of markers associated with inflammation (NFκB p65 [phospho-nuclear factor kappa B p65] and TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor alpha]) and with oxidative stress (NADPH oxidases 2 and 4) were lowered and subunits of the voltage and Ca2+ activated K+ BK channel (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 and potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1) in the carotid artery were modulated. Treatment with pravastatin for 1 year after irradiation completely reversed irradiation-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of pravastatin is sufficient to reduce chronic vascular injury at 1 year after irradiation. Long-term administration eliminates the effects of irradiation. These findings suggest that a prospective treatment strategy involving statins could be effective in patients undergoing radiation therapy. The optimal duration of treatment in humans has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait‐Aissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental MedicineLincoln Memorial UniversityKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Xutong Guo
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Madelyn Klemmensen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Denise Juhr
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Linette N. Leng
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa City VA Healthcare SystemIowa CityIAUSA
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Gáspár R, Diószegi P, Nógrádi-Halmi D, Erdélyi-Furka B, Varga Z, Kahán Z, Csont T. The Proteoglycans Biglycan and Decorin Protect Cardiac Cells against Irradiation-Induced Cell Death by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:883. [PMID: 38786104 PMCID: PMC11119486 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), a common side effect of chest irradiation, is a primary cause of mortality among patients surviving thoracic cancer. Thus, the development of novel, clinically applicable cardioprotective agents which can alleviate the harmful effects of irradiation on the heart is of great importance in the field of experimental oncocardiology. Biglycan and decorin are structurally related small leucine-rich proteoglycans which have been reported to exert cardioprotective properties in certain cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to examine if biglycan or decorin can reduce radiation-induced damage of cardiomyocytes. A single dose of 10 Gray irradiation was applied to induce radiation-induced cell damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, followed by treatment with either biglycan or decorin at various concentrations. Measurement of cell viability revealed that both proteoglycans improved the survival of cardiac cells post-irradiation. The cardiocytoprotective effect of both biglycan and decorin involved the alleviation of radiation-induced proapoptotic mechanisms by retaining the progression of apoptotic membrane blebbing and lowering the number of apoptotic cell nuclei and DNA double-strand breaks. Our findings provide evidence that these natural proteoglycans may exert protection against radiation-induced damage of cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Diószegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Nógrádi-Halmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Erdélyi-Furka
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Zhao LY, Wang XY, Wen ML, Pan NN, Yin XQ, An MW, Wang L, Liu Y, Song JB. Advances in injectable hydrogels for radiation-induced heart disease. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1031-1063. [PMID: 38340315 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2314364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Radiological heart damage (RIHD) is damage caused by unavoidable irradiation of the heart during chest radiotherapy, with a long latency period and a progressively increasing proportion of delayed cardiac damage due to conventional doses of chest radiotherapy. There is a risk of inducing diseases such as acute/chronic pericarditis, myocarditis, delayed myocardial fibrosis and damage to the cardiac conduction system in humans, which can lead to myocardial infarction or even death in severe cases. This paper details the pathogenesis of RIHD and gives potential targets for treatment at the molecular and cellular level, avoiding the drawbacks of high invasiveness and immune rejection due to drug therapy, medical device implantation and heart transplantation. Injectable hydrogel therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive tissue engineering therapy to provide necessary mechanical support to the infarcted myocardium and to act as a carrier for various bioactive factors and cells to improve the cellular microenvironment in the infarcted area and induce myocardial tissue regeneration. Therefore, this paper combines bioactive factors and cellular therapeutic mechanisms with injectable hydrogels, presents recent advances in the treatment of cardiac injury after RIHD with different injectable gels, and summarizes the therapeutic potential of various types of injectable hydrogels as a potential solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning-Ning Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xing-Qi Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei-Wen An
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Song
- Shanghai NewMed Medical Corporation, Shanghai, China
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8
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Rudolf AM, Hood WR. Mitochondrial stress in the spaceflight environment. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101855. [PMID: 38403094 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Space is a challenging environment that deregulates individual homeostasis. The main external hazards associated with spaceflight include ionizing space radiation, microgravity, isolation and confinement, distance from Earth, and hostile environment. Characterizing the biological responses to spaceflight environment is essential to validate the health risks, and to develop effective protection strategies. Mitochondria energetics is a key mechanism underpinning many physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Moreover, mitochondrial stress can be considered one of the fundamental features of space travel. So, we attempt to synthesize key information regarding the extensive effects of spaceflight on mitochondria. In summary, mitochondria are affected by all of the five main hazards of spaceflight at multiple levels, including their morphology, respiratory function, protein, and genetics, in various tissues and organ systems. We emphasize that investigating mitochondrial biology in spaceflight conditions should become the central focus of research on the impacts of spaceflight on human health, as this approach will help resolve numerous challenges of space health and combat several health disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Rudolf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Space Technology Centre, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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9
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Ibragimova M, Kussainova A, Aripova A, Bersimbaev R, Bulgakova O. The Molecular Mechanisms in Senescent Cells Induced by Natural Aging and Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38534394 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the relationship between cellular senescence and radiation exposure. Given the wide range of ionizing radiation sources encountered by people in professional and medical spheres, as well as the influence of natural background radiation, the question of the effect of radiation on biological processes, particularly on aging processes, remains highly relevant. The parallel relationship between natural and radiation-induced cellular senescence reveals the common aspects underlying these processes. Based on recent scientific data, the key points of the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular processes associated with aging, such as genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered expression of miRNAs, epigenetic profile, and manifestation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are discussed. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence can make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the molecular genetic basis of age-associated diseases in the context of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Ibragimova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
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Wu YL, Christodoulou AG, Beumer JH, Rigatti LH, Fisher R, Ross M, Watkins S, Cortes DRE, Ruck C, Manzoor S, Wyman SK, Stapleton MC, Goetzman E, Bharathi S, Wipf P, Tan T, Eiseman JL, Christner SM, Guo J, Lo CWY, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS. Mitigation of Fetal Irradiation Injury from Mid-Gestation Total Body Radiation with Mitochondrial-Targeted GS-Nitroxide JP4-039. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580105. [PMID: 38405696 PMCID: PMC10888932 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Victims of a radiation terrorist event will include pregnant women and unborn fetuses. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key pathogenic factors of fetal irradiation injury. The goal of this preclinical study is to investigate the efficacy of mitigating fetal irradiation injury by maternal administration of the mitochondrial-targeted gramicidin S (GS)- nitroxide radiation mitigator, JP4-039. Pregnant female C57BL/6NTac mice received 3 Gy total body ionizing irradiation (TBI) at mid-gestation embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Using novel time- and-motion-resolved 4D in utero magnetic resonance imaging (4D-uMRI), we found TBI caused extensive injury to the fetal brain that included cerebral hemorrhage, loss of cerebral tissue, and hydrocephalus with excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Histopathology of the fetal mouse brain showed broken cerebral vessels and elevated apoptosis. Further use of novel 4D Oxy-wavelet MRI capable of probing in vivo mitochondrial function in intact brain revealed significant reduction of mitochondrial function in the fetal brain after 3Gy TBI. This was validated by ex vivo Oroboros mitochondrial respirometry. Maternal administration JP4-039 one day after TBI (E14.5), which can pass through the placental barrier, significantly reduced fetal brain radiation injury and improved fetal brain mitochondrial respiration. This also preserved cerebral brain tissue integrity and reduced cerebral hemorrhage and cell death. As JP4-039 administration did not change litter sizes or fetus viability, together these findings indicate JP4-039 can be deployed as a safe and effective mitigator of fetal radiation injury from mid-gestational in utero ionizing radiation exposure. One Sentence Summary Mitochondrial-targeted gramicidin S (GS)-nitroxide JP4-039 is safe and effective radiation mitigator for mid-gestational fetal irradiation injury.
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Liu ST, Zha KJ, Li PJ, Gao JB, Zhang YG. Protective effect of naringin against radiation-induced heart disease in rats via Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14453. [PMID: 38230793 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the protective effect and mechanism of naringin (NG) on radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in rats. Rats were divided into four x-ray (XR) irradiation groups with different absorbed doses (0/10/15/20 Gy), or into three groups (control, XR, and XR + NG groups). Subsequently, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus was adopted to assess and compare the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) in rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining were applied to detect the pathological damage and fibrosis of heart tissue. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis-related proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, and Sirt1 (silent information regulator 1)/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) signaling pathway-related proteins in cardiac tissues. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in cardiac tissue. The results showed that NG treatment significantly attenuated the 20 Gy XR-induced decline of LVEF and LVFS and the elevation of LVIDs. Cardiac tissue damage and fibrosis caused by 20 Gy XR were significant improved after NG treatment. Meanwhile, in rats irradiated by XR, marked downregulation was identified in the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins (Col I, collagen type I; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; and TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (GRP78, glucose regulatory protein 78; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; and caspase 12) after NG treatment. Moreover, NG treatment also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], reduced the expression of MDA, and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT. Also, NG treatment promoted Sirt1 expression and inhibited p65 phosphorylation. Collectively, XR irradiation induced cardiac injury in rats in a dose-dependent manner. NG could improve the cardiac injury induced by XR irradiation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai-Ji Zha
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Gao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gupta J, Jalil AT, Abd Alzahraa ZH, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Najafi M. The Metformin Immunoregulatory Actions in Tumor Suppression and Normal Tissues Protection. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5370-5396. [PMID: 37403391 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230703143907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is the key player in a wide range of responses in normal tissues and tumors to anticancer therapy. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses in normal tissues are the main limitations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and also some newer anticancer drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Immune system responses within solid tumors including anti-tumor and tumor-promoting responses can suppress or help tumor growth. Thus, modulation of immune cells and their secretions such as cytokines, growth factors and epigenetic modulators, pro-apoptosis molecules, and some other molecules can be suggested to alleviate side effects in normal tissues and drug-resistance mechanisms in the tumor. Metformin as an anti-diabetes drug has shown intriguing properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anticancer effects. Some investigations have uncovered that metformin can ameliorate radiation/chemotherapy toxicity in normal cells and tissues through the modulation of several targets in cells and tissues. These effects of metformin may ameliorate severe inflammatory responses and fibrosis after exposure to ionizing radiation or following treatment with highly toxic chemotherapy drugs. Metformin can suppress the activity of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor through the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, metformin may stimulate antigen presentation and maturation of anticancer immune cells, which lead to the induction of anticancer immunity in the tumor. This review aims to explain the detailed mechanisms of normal tissue sparing and tumor suppression during cancer therapy using adjuvant metformin with an emphasis on immune system responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U. P., India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
- Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Mehrhof F, Hüttemeister J, Tanacli R, Bock M, Bögner M, Schoenrath F, Falk V, Zips D, Hindricks G, Gerds-Li JH, Hohendanner F. Cardiac radiotherapy transiently alters left ventricular electrical properties and induces cardiomyocyte-specific ventricular substrate changes in heart failure. Europace 2023; 26:euae005. [PMID: 38193546 PMCID: PMC10803027 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ongoing clinical trials investigate the therapeutic value of stereotactic cardiac radioablation (cRA) in heart failure patients with ventricular tachycardia. Animal data indicate an effect on local cardiac conduction properties. However, the exact mechanism of cRA in patients remains elusive. Aim of the current study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro myocardial properties in heart failure and ventricular tachycardia upon cRA. METHODS AND RESULTS High-density 3D electroanatomic mapping in sinus rhythm was performed in a patient with a left ventricular assist device and repeated ventricular tachycardia episodes upon several catheter-based endocardial radio-frequency ablation attempts. Subsequent to electroanatomic mapping and cRA of the left ventricular septum, two additional high-density electroanatomic maps were obtained at 2- and 4-month post-cRA. Myocardial tissue samples were collected from the left ventricular septum during 4-month post-cRA from the irradiated and borderzone regions. In addition, we performed molecular biology and mitochondrial density measurements of tissue and isolated cardiomyocytes. Local voltage was altered in the irradiated region of the left ventricular septum during follow-up. No change of local voltage was observed in the control (i.e. borderzone) region upon irradiation. Interestingly, local activation time was significantly shortened upon irradiation (2-month post-cRA), a process that was reversible (4-month post-cRA). Molecular biology unveiled an increased expression of voltage-dependent sodium channels in the irradiated region as compared with the borderzone, while Connexin43 and transforming growth factor beta were unchanged (4-month post-cRA). Moreover, mitochondrial density was decreased in the irradiated region as compared with the borderzone. CONCLUSION Our study supports the notion of transiently altered cardiac conduction potentially related to structural and functional cellular changes as an underlying mechanism of cRA in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mehrhof
- Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Hüttemeister
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radu Tanacli
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Bock
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bögner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schoenrath
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin-Hong Gerds-Li
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Germany, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
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Wang L, Rivas R, Wilson A, Park YM, Walls S, Yu T, Miller AC. Dose-Dependent Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Morphology and Clonogenic Cell Survival in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38201243 PMCID: PMC10778067 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High doses can directly damage ECs, leading to EC impairment. In contrast, the effects of low doses on ECs are subtle but more complex. Low doses in this study refer to radiation exposure levels that are below those that cause immediate and necrotic damage. Mitochondria are the primary cellular components affected by IR, and this study explored their role in determining the effect of radiation on microvascular endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HMEC-1) were exposed to varying IR doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 8 Gy (~0.4 Gy/min) in the AFRRI 60-Cobalt facility. Results indicated that high doses led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival, which can be attributed to factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, low doses induced a small but significant increase in cell survival, and this was achieved without detectable DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, or mitochondrial dysfunction in HMEC-1. Moreover, the mitochondrial morphology was assessed, revealing that all doses increased the percentage of elongated mitochondria, with low doses (0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy) having a greater effect than high doses. However, only high doses caused an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation/swelling. The study further revealed that low doses induced mitochondrial elongation, likely via an increase in mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1), while high doses caused mitochondrial fragmentation via a decrease in optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1). In conclusion, the study suggests, for the first time, that changes in mitochondrial morphology are likely involved in the mechanism for the radiation dose-dependent effect on the survival of microvascular endothelial cells. This research, by delineating the specific mechanisms through which radiation affects endothelial cells, offers invaluable insights into the potential impact of radiation exposure on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rafael Rivas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Angelo Wilson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yu Min Park
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shannon Walls
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Miller
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Radiation Science and Radiology, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Shrum SA, Nukala U, Shrimali S, Pineda EN, Krager KJ, Thakkar S, Jones DE, Pathak R, Breen PJ, Aykin-Burns N, Compadre CM. Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1987. [PMID: 38001840 PMCID: PMC10668991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Shrum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
| | - Ujwani Nukala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Shivangi Shrimali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Edith Nathalie Pineda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Philip J. Breen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Cesar M. Compadre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
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Xin L, Li F, Yu H, Xiong Q, Hou Q, Meng Y. Honokiol alleviates radiation-induced premature ovarian failure via enhancing Nrf2. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13769. [PMID: 37766410 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovary is highly sensitive to radiation, and patients receiving radiotherapy are at significant risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). This study aimed to explore the radioprotective effect of honokiol (HKL) on ionizing radiation (IR)-induced POF. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneally with vehicle or HKL once daily for 7 days. On day 7, the mice in the IR and HKL+IR groups were exposed to 3.2 Gy whole-body radiation for one hour after the intraperitoneal injection and sacrificed 12 or 72 h after radiation exposure. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Blood samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ovaries were harvested for histological examination, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, western blot, and qPCR. The fertility assessment was evaluated by calculating live offspring number. RESULTS The optimum dose of HKL against radiation was 10 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection. POF was induced 72 h after irradiation with significantly downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The numbers of primordial and preantral follicles decreased significantly after irradiation (p < .001), whereas the number of atretic follicles increased (p < .001). The serum levels of estradiol (E2 ) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decreased to 50% of the control group after irradiation (p < .05). Moreover, the GSI after irradiation was 27% lower than in the control group (p < .05). The number of offspring in the IR group dropped by 50% compared with the control group (p < .05). HKL pretreatment protected the animals' fertility, GSI, PCNA, serum levels of E2 and AMH, and the number of primordial and preantral follicles. Significant upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins such as Pho-P53, Bax, Cyto C, C-caspase-3, C-PARP, and pyroptosis-related proteins such as Pho-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was observed after irradiation, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. HKL pretreatment prevented these changes. After irradiation, malondialdehyde (MDA), Nrf2, and HO-1 were upregulated. HKL treatment activated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, HKL did not affect ovarian reserves under physiological conditions. CONCLUSIONS HKL ameliorated IR-induced POF by inhibiting apoptosis and pyroptosis by enhancing Nrf2 expression and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xin
- Department of Graduate Administration, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiang Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Graduate Administration, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Gan C, Li W, Xu J, Pang L, Tang L, Yu S, Li A, Ge H, Huang R, Cheng H. Advances in the study of the molecular biological mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3275-3299. [PMID: 37693137 PMCID: PMC10492106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for head and neck cancers, but it often leads to radiation-induced brain injury. Patients with radiation-induced brain injury have a poorer quality of life, and no effective treatments are available. The pathogenesis of this condition is unknown. This review summarizes the molecular biological mechanism of radiation-induced brain injury and provides research directions for future studies. The molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury are diverse and complex. Radiation-induced chronic neuroinflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and physiopathological responses caused by specific exosome secretion lead to radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lulian Pang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingxue Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anlong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Han Ge
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runze Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Yap SZ, Mohd Tahir AR, Shakespeare TP. A Case Report of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Not an Absolute Contraindication for Radiotherapy. Cureus 2023; 15:e42229. [PMID: 37605674 PMCID: PMC10440007 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial disorder, and the effects of radiotherapy on such a population group are unknown. A 60-year-old male with a history of KSS was diagnosed with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma along the left inner canthus. He was treated at our institution with curative intent radiotherapy alone and tolerated it well with no major acute or late toxicities. There was a complete clinical and radiological response of the tumor, with no evidence of recurrence 2.5 years after treatment. Further research is needed to explore the effects of ionizing radiation on patients with mitochondrial DNA defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Z Yap
- Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, AUS
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohd Tahir
- Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, AUS
| | - Thomas P Shakespeare
- Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Institute Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, AUS
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Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. D-galactose might protect against ionizing radiation by stimulating oxidative metabolism and modulating redox homeostasis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023:rrad046. [PMID: 37312584 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
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Gawali B, Sridharan V, Krager KJ, Boerma M, Pawar SA. TLR4-A Pertinent Player in Radiation-Induced Heart Disease? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051002. [PMID: 37239362 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is one of the organs that is sensitive to developing delayed adverse effects of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) occurs in cancer patients and cancer survivors, as a side effect of radiation therapy of the chest, with manifestation several years post-radiotherapy. Moreover, the continued threat of nuclear bombs or terrorist attacks puts deployed military service members at risk of exposure to total or partial body irradiation. Individuals who survive acute injury from IR will experience delayed adverse effects that include fibrosis and chronic dysfunction of organ systems such as the heart within months to years after radiation exposure. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor that is implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. Studies in preclinical models have established the role of TLR4 as a driver of inflammation and associated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction using transgenic models. This review explores the relevance of the TLR4 signaling pathway in radiation-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in acute as well as late effects on the heart tissue and the potential for the development of TLR4 inhibitors as a therapeutic target to treat or alleviate RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basveshwar Gawali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Kimberly J Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Snehalata A Pawar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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21
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Melam A, Pedersen LN, Klaas A, Xu Z, Bergom C. Methods to assess radiation-induced cardiotoxicity in rodent models. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:127-146. [PMID: 37890926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer survivors who have received thoracic radiation as part of their primary treatment are at risk for developing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity (RICT) due to incidental radiation delivered to the heart. In recent decades, advancements in radiation delivery have dramatically improved the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy (RT)-efficiently targeting malignancies while sparing the heart; yet, in many patients, incidental radiation to the heart cannot be fully avoided. Cardiac radiation exposure can cause long-term morbidity and contribute to poorer survival in cancer patients. Severe cardiac effects can occur within 2years of treatment. Currently, there is no way to predict who is at higher or lower risk of developing cardiotoxicity from radiation, and the critical factors that alter RICT have not yet been clearly identified. Thus, pre-clinical investigations are an important step towards better prevention, detection, and management of RICT in cancer survivors. The overarching aim of this chapter is to provide researchers with foundational and technical knowledge in the use of mice and rats for RICT investigations. After a brief overview of RICT pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, we discuss important considerations of RICT study design, including animal selection and radiation planning. We then provide example protocols for murine tissue harvesting and processing that can support use in downstream applications of the reader's choosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Melam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lauren N Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amanda Klaas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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22
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Cardiac fibrosis in oncologic therapies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Ramadan R, Baselet B, Laiakis EC, Sebastian S, Beaton D, Hartikainen JM, Kaiser JC, Beheshti A, Salomaa S, Chauhan V, Hamada N. Application of radiation omics in the development of adverse outcome pathway networks: an example of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1722-1751. [PMID: 35976069 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure of the heart to doses of ionizing radiation as low as 0.5 Gy increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality with a latency period of decades. The damaging effects of radiation to myocardial and endothelial structures and functions have been confirmed radiobiologically at high dose, but much less is known at low dose. Integration of radiation biology and epidemiology data is a recommended approach to improve the radiation risk assessment process. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a comprehensive tool to compile and translate mechanistic information into pathological endpoints which may be relevant for risk assessment at the different levels of a biological system. Omics technologies enable the generation of large volumes of biological data at various levels of complexity, from molecular pathways to functional organisms. Given the quality and quantity of available data across levels of biology, omics data can be attractive sources of information for use within the AOP framework. It is anticipated that radiation omics studies could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the adverse effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we explored the available omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their applicability to the proposed AOP for CVD. RESULTS The results of 80 omics studies published on radiation-induced CVD over the past 20 years have been discussed in the context of the AOP of CVD proposed by Chauhan et al. Most of the available omics data on radiation-induced CVD are from proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, whereas few datasets were available from epigenomics and multi-omics. The omics data presented here show great promise in providing information for several key events of the proposed AOP of CVD, particularly oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The omics data presented here shows promise to inform the various levels of the proposed AOP of CVD. However, the data highlight the urgent need of designing omics studies to address the knowledge gap concerning different radiation scenarios, time after exposure and experimental models. This review presents the evidence to build a qualitative omics-informed AOP and provides views on the potential benefits and challenges in using omics data to assess risk-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raghda Ramadan
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine (HMGU-IRM), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is characterized by abnormal changes in the function and morphological properties such as diameter, mass, normal diameter of cavities, heart shape, fibrosis, thickening of vessels and heart layers, cardiomyopathy, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and some others. These damages are associated with damage to systolic and diastolic abnormalities, damage to ventricular function, and vascular remodelling, which may lead to heart failure and death. Exposure of the heart to radiation or anti-cancer drugs including chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) such as imatinib, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce several abnormal changes in the heart structure and function through the induction of inflammation and fibrosis, vascular remodelling, hypertrophy, and some others. This review aims to explain the basic mechanisms behind cardiac remodelling following cancer therapy by different anti-cancer modalities.
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25
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Melin N, Yarahmadov T, Sanchez-Taltavull D, Birrer FE, Brodie TM, Petit B, Felser A, Nuoffer JM, Montani M, Vozenin MC, Herrmann E, Candinas D, Aebersold DM, Stroka D. A new mouse model of radiation-induced liver disease reveals mitochondrial dysfunction as an underlying fibrotic stimulus. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100508. [PMID: 35712694 PMCID: PMC9192810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims High-dose irradiation is an essential tool to help control the growth of hepatic tumors, but it can cause radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). This life-threatening complication manifests itself months following radiation therapy and is characterized by fibrosis of the pericentral sinusoids. In this study, we aimed to establish a mouse model of RILD to investigate the underlying mechanism of radiation-induced liver fibrosis. Methods Using a small animal image-guided radiation therapy platform, an irradiation scheme delivering 50 Gy as a single dose to a focal point in mouse livers was designed. Tissues were analyzed 1 and 6 days, and 6 and 20 weeks post-irradiation. Irradiated livers were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, imaging mass cytometry and RNA sequencing. Mitochondrial function was assessed using high-resolution respirometry. Results At 6 and 20 weeks post-irradiation, pericentral fibrosis was visible in highly irradiated areas together with immune cell infiltration and extravasation of red blood cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed gene signatures associated with acute DNA damage, p53 activation, senescence and its associated secretory phenotype and fibrosis. Moreover, gene profiles of mitochondrial damage and an increase in mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy were detected. Respirometry measurements of hepatocytes in vitro confirmed irradiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the highly irradiated fibrotic areas showed markers of reactive oxygen species such as decreased glutathione and increased lipid peroxides and a senescence-like phenotype. Conclusions Based on our mouse model of RILD, we propose that irradiation-induced mitochondrial DNA instability contributes to the development of fibrosis via the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species, p53 pathway activation and a senescence-like phenotype. Lay summary Irradiation is an efficient cancer therapy, however, its applicability to the liver is limited by life-threatening radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis. We have developed a new mouse model of radiation-induced liver fibrosis, that recapitulates the human disease. Our model highlights the role of mitochondrial DNA instability in the development of irradiation-induced liver fibrosis. This new model and subsequent findings will help increase our understanding of the hepatic reaction to irradiation and to find strategies that protect the liver, enabling the expanded use of radiotherapy to treat hepatic tumors.
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Key Words
- 4HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- CV, central vein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ETC, electron transfer chain
- GSH, reduced glutathione (glutathione)
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide)
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IGRT, image-guided radiation therapy
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IMC, imaging mass cytometry
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- RILD, radiation-induced liver disease
- RNAseq, RNA sequencing
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, radiation therapy
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- SOS, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
- fibrosis
- image guided radiation therapy (IGRT)
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- mitochondrial-DNA
- mouse model
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- mtROS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
- p53
- radiation-induced liver disease (RILD)
- rcf, relative centrifuge force
- senescence
- sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Melin
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tural Yarahmadov
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Taltavull
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne E. Birrer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tess M. Brodie
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo Montani
- Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Herrmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M. Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Pedersen LN, Khoobchandani M, Brenneman R, Mitchell JD, Bergom C. Radiation-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: Optimizing Radiation Delivery and Postradiation Care. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:403-413. [PMID: 35718415 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is part of standard-of-care treatment of many thoracic cancers. More than 60% of patients receiving thoracic RT may eventually develop radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction (RICD) secondary to collateral heart dose. This article reviews factors contributing to a thoracic cancer patient's risk for RICD, including RT dose to the heart and/or cardiac substructures, other anticancer treatments, and a patient's cardiometabolic health. It is also discussed how automated tracking of these factors within electronic medical record environments may aid radiation oncologists and other treating physicians in their ability to prevent, detect, and/or treat RICD in this expanding patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Menka Khoobchandani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall Brenneman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua D Mitchell
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Ortiz de Choudens S, Sparapani R, Narayanan J, Lohr N, Gao F, Fish BL, Zielonka M, Gasperetti T, Veley D, Beyer A, Olson J, Jacobs ER, Medhora M. Lisinopril Mitigates Radiation-Induced Mitochondrial Defects in Rat Heart and Blood Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828177. [PMID: 35311118 PMCID: PMC8924663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic bases and disparate responses to radiotherapy are poorly understood, especially for cardiotoxicity resulting from treatment of thoracic tumors. Preclinical animal models such as the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat can serve as a surrogate model for salt-sensitive low renin hypertension, common to African Americans, where aldosterone contributes to hypertension-related alterations of peripheral vascular and renal vascular function. Brown Norway (BN) rats, in comparison, are a normotensive control group, while consomic SSBN6 with substitution of rat chromosome 6 (homologous to human chromosome 14) on an SS background manifests cardioprotection and mitochondrial preservation to SS rats after injury. In this study, 2 groups from each of the 3 rat strains had their hearts irradiated (8 Gy X 5 fractions). One irradiated group was treated with the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril, and a separate group in each strain served as nonirradiated controls. Radiation reduced cardiac end diastolic volume by 9-11% and increased thickness of the interventricular septum (11-16%) and left ventricular posterior wall (14-15%) in all 3 strains (5-10 rats/group) after 120 days. Lisinopril mitigated the increase in posterior wall thickness. Mitochondrial function was measured by the Seahorse Cell Mitochondrial Stress test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 90 days. Radiation did not alter mitochondrial respiration in PBMC from BN or SSBN6. However, maximal mitochondrial respiration and spare capacity were reduced by radiation in PBMC from SS rats (p=0.016 and 0.002 respectively, 9-10 rats/group) and this effect was mitigated by lisinopril (p=0.04 and 0.023 respectively, 9-10 rats/group). Taken together, these results indicate injury to the heart by radiation in all 3 strains of rats, although the SS rats had greater susceptibility for mitochondrial dysfunction. Lisinopril mitigated injury independent of genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jayashree Narayanan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States
| | - Nicole Lohr
- Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States
| | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States
| | - Dana Veley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Olson
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs, Zablocki VA Medical Center (VAMC), Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cancer Center, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs, Zablocki VA Medical Center (VAMC), Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Read GH, Bailleul J, Vlashi E, Kesarwala AH. Metabolic response to radiation therapy in cancer. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:200-224. [PMID: 34961986 PMCID: PMC10187995 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Reprogramming of tumor metabolism is necessary for cancer cells to sustain high proliferation rates and enhanced demands for nutrients. Recent studies suggest that metabolic plasticity in cancer cells can decrease the efficacy of anticancer therapies by enhancing antioxidant defenses and DNA repair mechanisms. Studying radiation-induced metabolic changes will lead to a better understanding of radiation response mechanisms as well as the identification of new therapeutic targets, but there are few robust studies characterizing the metabolic changes induced by radiation therapy in cancer. In this review, we will highlight studies that provide information on the metabolic changes induced by radiation and oxidative stress in cancer cells and the associated underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H. Read
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justine Bailleul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Banerjee P, Olmsted-Davis EA, Deswal A, Nguyen MTH, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Lin SH, Kotla S, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Kobayashi M, Yu B, Schadler K, Herrmann J, Cooke JP, Jain A, Chini E, Le NT, Abe JI. Cancer treatment-induced NAD+ depletion in premature senescence and late cardiovascular complications. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:28. [PMID: 35801078 PMCID: PMC9258520 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. Telomeric DNA damage response induced by some cancer treatments can persist for months, possibly accounting for long-term sequelae of cancer treatments. Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. Recently, we reported that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and phosphorylation of S496 on ERK5 (a unique member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that is not only a kinase but also a transcriptional co-activator) were vital signaling events that played crucial roles in linking mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear telomere dysfunction, persistent SASP induction, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the role of NAD+ depletion in instigating SASP and its downstream signaling and regulatory mechanisms that lead to the premature onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minh TH. Nguyen
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Melam A, Pedersen LN, Klaas A, Xu Z, Bergom C. Methods to assess radiation-induced cardiotoxicity in rodent models. Methods Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Cell Aging and the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123570. [PMID: 34944078 PMCID: PMC8700624 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Several extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can accelerate senescence. Multiple human and animal studies have reported that exposure to ionizing radiation can have varied effects on organ aging and lead to the prolongation or shortening of life span depending on the radiation dose or dose rate. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on the aging of different types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells. Further, the relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed. Overall, this review highlights how radiation-induced senescence in different cell types may lead to brain aging, which could result in the development of various neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, treatment targeting radiation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may prevent radiation-induced brain aging and the neurological and neuropsychological disorders it may cause.
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Li T, Zhuang H, Wang Y, Li J, Zhu D, Cui M. Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Evaluating Radiation-induced Heart Damage. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 9:119-124. [PMID: 35529415 PMCID: PMC9072173 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) in malignant tumor patients with thoracic radiotherapy has been well documented. However, there is no study on the cardiac toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) based on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE). Methods In a prospective cohort trial, 48 patients with malignant tumor (including patients with lung cancer, pulmonary metastases and other tumor) were assigned to receive thoracic SBRT. Circulating biomarkers, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and 2D STE were performed prior to and within two months after thoracic radiotherapy. The primary outcome of the trial was a decrease in global longitudinal strain (GLS) ≥ 10%. The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Analysis were conducted using paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Chi square test. Results The morbidity of RIHD is 44% within 2 months after SBRT in malignant tumor patients. Compared with pre-RT, a significant decrease in GLS was observed post-RT (−17.98 ± 3.54% vs. −16.92 ± 3.41%; P = 0.008), without any significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (68.54 ± 6.06 vs. 69.63 ± 4.45; P = 0.234), left ventricular mass (LVM) (P = 0.342), ECG parameters, creatine kinase (P = 0.074), cardiac troponin T (P = 0.829) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (P = 0.453) at during the post-RT period. There was no evidence that RIHD was correlated with age (P = 1.000), mean heart dose (P = 0.602), BED (P = 0.234), EQD2/2 (P = 0.615), V5 (P = 0.506), V10 (P = 0.578), V20 (P = 0.670) and V30 (P = 0.741). Subgroup analysis showed, there is still a significant decline of GLS (−18.30 ± 3.79% vs. −17.11 ± 3.58%; P = 0.018) in patients without anthracycline treatment. And the decrease of GLS (−19.14 ± 2.42% vs. −16.85 ± 2.46%; P = 0.004) was more significantly post-RT in anthracycline treatment group. MACE were found in one patient over a period of two months after SBRT. Conclusions By using strain analysis subclinical cardiac dysfunction was found to be evident early after SBRT, despite unchanged conventional indices such as LVEF, ECG parameters or circulating biomarkers. And the decrease of GLS is still existed after the effect of anthracycline was removed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT04443400.
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Yang R, Tan C, Najafi M. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis following chemo/radiation therapy: mechanisms and therapeutic agents. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 30:73-89. [PMID: 34813027 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disorders is one of the most concerns among people who underwent cancer therapy. The heart side effects of cancer therapy may occur during treatment to some years after the end of treatment. Some epidemiological studies confirm that heart diseases are one of the most common reasons for mortality among patients that were received treatment for cancer. Experimental studies and also clinical investigations indicate that inflammatory changes such as pericarditis, myocarditis, and also fibrosis are key mechanisms of cardiac diseases following chemotherapy/radiotherapy. It seems that chronic oxidative stress, massive cell death, and chronic overproduction of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines are the key mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases following cancer therapy. Furthermore, infiltration of inflammatory cells and upregulation of some enzymes such as NADPH Oxidases are a hallmark of heart diseases after cancer therapy. In the current review, we aim to explain how radiation or chemotherapy can induce inflammatory and fibrosis-related diseases in the heart. We will explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis following chemo/radiation therapy, and then review some adjuvants to reduce the risk of inflammation and fibrosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Li S, An W, Wang B, Li J, Qu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Qin L. Inorganic nitrate alleviates irradiation-induced salivary gland damage by inhibiting pyroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:130-140. [PMID: 34454049 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 80% of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) suffer reduced saliva secretion and dry mouth symptoms due to salivary gland damage. Although therapeutic interventions to alleviate such RT-induced damage are available, long-term hypofunction remains a significant issue. Therefore, novel therapeutic solutions to prevent irradiation (IR)-induced salivary gland damage are required. This study explored the protective effect of inorganic nitrate in preventing IR-induced salivary gland injury via pyroptosis suppression, both in vivo and in vitro. In the treatment group, C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with 2 mmol/L NaNO3 supplied in drinking water one week before a single-dose of 15 Gy IR in the submandibular gland (SMG) region. Human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice SMG cells were treated with 10 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L NaNO3 2 h before a single-dose of 8 Gy IR. In vivo, IR-induced decreased saliva flow rate and body weight loss could be alleviated by nitrate supplementation. Nitrate prevented acinar and microvascular endothelial cell loss. Moreover, nitrate improved mitochondrial function and significantly decreased pyroptosis-related indexes. In vitro, nitrate supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis to inhibit NLPR3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis both in HUVECs and SMG cells. Nitrate showed potential as an oral protective agent to prevent IR-induced salivary gland damage; prospective insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Helath, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Stomatology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Helath, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Helath, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Helath, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Fu X, Tang J, Wen P, Huang Z, Najafi M. Redox interactions-induced cardiac toxicity in cancer therapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108952. [PMID: 34097901 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted cancer therapy are exposed to the risk of several side effects because of the heavy production of ROS by ionizing radiation or some chemotherapy drugs. Damages to DNA, mitochondria, membrane and other organelles within normal tissue cells such as cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells lead to the release of some toxins which are associated with triggering inflammatory cells to release several types of cytokines, chemokines, ROS, and RNS. The release of some molecules following radiotherapy or chemotherapy stimulates reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions. Redox reactions cause remarkable changes in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Excessive production of ROS and RNS or suppression of antioxidant defense enzymes leads to damage to critical macromolecules, which may continue for long times. Increased levels of some cytokines and oxidative injury are hallmarks of heart injury following cancer therapy. Redox reactions may be involved in several heart disorders such as fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, and endothelium injury. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox interactions following radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted cancer therapy. Afterward, we explain the evidence of the involvement of redox reactions in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Juan Tang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Ping Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Zezhi Huang
- Shaoyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Diagnosis, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Pulido T, Velarde MC, Alimirah F. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Fueling a wound that never heals. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111561. [PMID: 34411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is impaired with advanced age and certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Moreover, common cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, can cause unintended tissue damage and impair wound healing. Available wound care treatments are not always effective, as some wounds fail to heal or recur after treatment. Hence, a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic, nonhealing wounds may offer new ideas for the development of effective wound care treatments. Cancers are sometimes referred to as wounds that never heal, sharing mechanisms similar to wound healing. We describe in this review how cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to chronic wounds versus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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Luo L, Yan C, Fuchi N, Kodama Y, Zhang X, Shinji G, Miura K, Sasaki H, Li TS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as probable triggers of radiation-induced heart disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 34294160 PMCID: PMC8296737 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced heart disease has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also residing in the heart, are highly susceptible to radiation. We examined the hypothesis that the altered secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs is the trigger of radiation-induced heart disease. METHODS By exposing human placental tissue-derived MSCs to 5 Gy γ-rays, we then isolated EVs from the culture medium 48 h later and evaluated the changes in quantity and quality of EVs from MSCs after radiation exposure. The biological effects of EVs from irradiated MSCs on HUVECs and H9c2 cells were also examined. RESULTS Although the amount and size distribution of EVs did not differ between the nonirradiated and irradiated MSCs, miRNA sequences indicated many upregulated or downregulated miRNAs in irradiated MSCs EVs. In vitro experiments using HUVEC and H9c2 cells showed that irradiated MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.01), but increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, irradiated MSC-EVs impaired the HUVEC tube formation and induced calcium overload in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS EVs released from irradiated MSCs show altered miRNA profiles and harmful effects on heart cells, which provides new insight into the mechanism of radiation-related heart disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Fuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Goto Shinji
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Cha MJ, Seo JW, Kim HJ, Kim MK, Yoon HS, Jo SW, Oh S, Chang JH. Early Changes in Rat Heart After High-Dose Irradiation: Implications for Antiarrhythmic Effects of Cardiac Radioablation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019072. [PMID: 33660526 PMCID: PMC8174197 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Noninvasive cardiac radioablation is employed to treat ventricular arrhythmia. However, myocardial changes leading to early‐period antiarrhythmic effects induced by high‐dose irradiation are unknown. This study investigated dose‐responsive histologic, ultrastructural, and functional changes within 1 month after irradiation in rat heart. Methods and Results Whole hearts of wild‐type Lewis rats (N=95) were irradiated with single fraction 20, 25, 30, 40, or 50 Gy and explanted at 1 day or 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks’ postirradiation. Microscopic pathologic changes of cardiac structures by light microscope with immunohistopathologic staining, ultrastructure by electron microscopy, and functional evaluation by ECG and echocardiography were studied. Despite high‐dose irradiation, no myocardial necrosis and apoptosis were observed. Intercalated discs were widened and disrupted, forming uneven and twisted junctions between adjacent myocytes. Diffuse vacuolization peaked at 3 weeks, suggesting irradiation dose‐responsiveness, which was correlated with interstitial and intracellular edema. CD68 immunostaining accompanying vacuolization suggested mononuclear cell infiltration. These changes were prominent in working myocardium but not cardiac conduction tissue. Intracardiac conduction represented by PR and QTc intervals on ECG was delayed compared with baseline measurements. ST segment was initially depressed and gradually elevated. Ventricular chamber dimensions and function remained intact without pericardial effusion. Conclusions Mononuclear cell–related intracellular and extracellular edema with diffuse vacuolization and intercalated disc widening were observed within 1 month after high‐dose irradiation. ECG indicated intracardiac conduction delay with prominent ST‐segment changes. These observations suggest that early antiarrhythmic effects after cardiac radioablation result from conduction disturbances and membrane potential alterations without necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Cha
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Departments of Pathology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea.,Cancer Research InstituteSeoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Moo-Kang Kim
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Yoon
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Seong Won Jo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
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Pathomechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in radiation-induced heart disease: from bench to bedside. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:507-531. [PMID: 33591377 PMCID: PMC8055626 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer management has undergone significant improvements, which led to increased long-term survival rates among cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the treatment of thoracic tumors, including breast, lung, and esophageal cancer, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. RT aims to kill tumor cells; however, it may have deleterious side effects on the surrounding normal tissues. The syndrome of unwanted cardiovascular adverse effects of thoracic RT is termed radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), and the risk of developing RIHD is a critical concern in current oncology practice. Premature ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve abnormalities, and electrical conduct defects are common forms of RIHD. The underlying mechanisms of RIHD are still not entirely clear, and specific therapeutic interventions are missing. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathomechanisms of acute and chronic RIHD and propose preventive measures and possible pharmacological strategies to minimize the burden of RIHD.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Mitigating Radiotherapy Side Effects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020294. [PMID: 33535574 PMCID: PMC7912747 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for cancers also damages healthy cells and causes side effects. Depending on the dosage and exposure region, radiotherapy may induce severe and irreversible injuries to various tissues or organs, especially the skin, intestine, brain, lung, liver, and heart. Therefore, promising treatment strategies to mitigate radiation injury is in pressing need. Recently, stem cell-based therapy generates great attention in clinical care. Among these, mesenchymal stem cells are extensively applied because it is easy to access and capable of mesodermal differentiation, immunomodulation, and paracrine secretion. Here, we summarize the current attempts and discuss the future perspectives about mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for mitigating radiotherapy side effects.
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Nickoloff JA, Taylor L, Sharma N, Kato TA. Exploiting DNA repair pathways for tumor sensitization, mitigation of resistance, and normal tissue protection in radiotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:244-263. [PMID: 34337349 PMCID: PMC8323830 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
More than half of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy, which kills tumor cells by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, including cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Tumor cells respond to these threats by activating a complex signaling network termed the DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR arrests the cell cycle, upregulates DNA repair, and triggers apoptosis when damage is excessive. The DDR signaling and DNA repair pathways are fertile terrain for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights strategies to improve therapeutic gain by targeting DDR and DNA repair pathways to radiosensitize tumor cells, overcome intrinsic and acquired tumor radioresistance, and protect normal tissue. Many biological and environmental factors determine tumor and normal cell responses to ionizing radiation and genotoxic chemotherapeutics. These include cell type and cell cycle phase distribution; tissue/tumor microenvironment and oxygen levels; DNA damage load and quality; DNA repair capacity; and susceptibility to apoptosis or other active or passive cell death pathways. We provide an overview of radiobiological parameters associated with X-ray, proton, and carbon ion radiotherapy; DNA repair and DNA damage signaling pathways; and other factors that regulate tumor and normal cell responses to radiation. We then focus on recent studies exploiting DSB repair pathways to enhance radiotherapy therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence Address: Dr. Jac A. Nickoloff, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA. E-mail:
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
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CG8005 Mediates Transit-Amplifying Spermatogonial Divisions via Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Testes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2846727. [PMID: 33193998 PMCID: PMC7641671 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2846727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) widely occurs in metabolic reactions and affects stem cell activity by participating in stem cell self-renewal. However, the mechanisms of transit-amplifying (TA) spermatogonial divisions mediated by oxidative stress are not fully understood. Through genetic manipulation of Drosophila testes, we demonstrated that CG8005 regulated TA spermatogonial divisions and redox homeostasis. Using in vitro approaches, we showed that the knockdown of CG8005 increased ROS levels in S2 cells; the induced ROS generation was inhibited by NAC and exacerbated by H2O2 pretreatments. Furthermore, the silencing of CG8005 increased the mRNA expression of oxidation-promoting factors Keap1, GstD1, and Mal-A6 and decreased the mRNA expression of antioxidant factors cnc, Gclm, maf-S, ND-42, and ND-75. We further investigated the functions of the antioxidant factor cnc, a key factor in the Keap1-cnc signaling pathway, and showed that cnc mimicked the phenotype of CG8005 in both Drosophila testes and S2 cells. Our results indicated that CG8005, together with cnc, controlled TA spermatogonial divisions by regulating oxidative stress in Drosophila.
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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