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Wang Y, Li C, Peng W, Sheng J, Zi C, Wu X. EGCG Suppresses Adipogenesis and Promotes Browning of 3T3-L1 Cells by Inhibiting Notch1 Expression. Molecules 2024; 29:2555. [PMID: 38893431 PMCID: PMC11173936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the changes in lifestyle and diet structure, the incidence of obesity has increased year by year, and obesity is one of the inducements of many chronic metabolic diseases. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is the most abundant component of tea polyphenols, has been used for many years to improve obesity and its complications. Though it has been reported that EGCG can improve obesity through many molecular mechanisms, EGCG may have many mechanisms yet to be explored. In this study, we explored other possible mechanisms through molecular docking and in vitro experiments. METHODS AutoDock Vina was selected for conducting the molecular docking analysis to elucidate the interaction between EGCG and Notch1, while molecular dynamics simulations were employed to validate this interaction. Then, the new regulation mechanism of EGCG on obesity was verified with in vitro experiments, including a Western blot experiment, immunofluorescence experiment, oil red O staining, and other experiments in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS The molecular docking results showed that EGCG could bind to Notch1 protein through hydrogen bonding. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that EGCG can significantly reduce the sizes of lipid droplets of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and promote UCP-1 expression by inhibiting the expression of Notch1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, thus promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, molecular docking and in vitro cell experiments were used to explore the possible mechanism of EGCG to improve obesity by inhibiting Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Chengting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.W.); (C.L.); (W.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Panda SS, Behera B, Ghosh R, Bagh B, Aich P. Antibiotic induced adipose tissue browning in C57BL/6 mice: An association with the metabolic profile and the gut microbiota. Life Sci 2024; 340:122473. [PMID: 38290571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The use of antibiotics affects health. The gut microbial dysbiosis by antibiotics is thought to be an essential pathway to influence health. It is important to have optimized energy utilization, in which adipose tissues (AT) play crucial roles in maintaining health. Adipocytes regulate the balance between energy expenditure and storage. While it is known that white adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy and brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces energy by thermogenesis, the role of an intermediate AT plays an important role in balancing host internal energy. In the current study, we tried to understand how treating an antibiotic cocktail transforms WAT into BAT or, more precisely, into beige adipose tissue (BeAT). METHODS Since antibiotic treatment perturbs the host microbiota, we wanted to understand the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in transforming WAT into BeAT in C57BL/6 mice. We further correlated the metabolic profile at the systemic level with this BeAT transformation and gut microbiota profile. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, we have reported that the antibiotic cocktail treatment increases the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria while reducing the Bacteroidetes phylum. We observed that prolonged antibiotic treatment could induce the formation of BeAT in the inguinal and perigonadal AT. The correlation analysis showed an association between the gut microbiota phyla, beige adipose tissue markers, and serum metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that the gut microbiota has a significant role in regulating the metabolic health of the host via microbiota-adipose axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sagarika Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Biplab Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. - Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni - 752050, Dist. -Khurda, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Zhu W, Bai D, Ji W, Gao J. TRP channels associated with macrophages as targets for the treatment of obese asthma. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:49. [PMID: 38365763 PMCID: PMC10874053 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, obesity and asthma pose significant health challenges, with obesity being a key factor influencing asthma. Despite this, effective treatments for obese asthma, a distinct phenotype, remain elusive. Since the discovery of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in 1969, their value as therapeutic targets for various diseases has been acknowledged. TRP channels, present in adipose tissue cells, influence fat cell heat production and the secretion of adipokines and cytokines, which are closely associated with asthma and obesity. This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity exacerbates asthma-related inflammation and suggests that targeting TRP channels in adipose tissue could potentially suppress obese asthma and offer novel insights into its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dinxi Bai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenting Ji
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang F, Qiao W, Wei JA, Tao Z, Chen C, Wu Y, Lin M, Ng KMC, Zhang L, Yeung KWK, Chow BKC. Secretin-dependent signals in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1030. [PMID: 38310104 PMCID: PMC10838336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretin, though originally discovered as a gut-derived hormone, is recently found to be abundantly expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamus, from which the central neural system controls satiety, energy metabolism, and bone homeostasis. However, the functional significance of secretin in the ventromedial hypothalamus remains unclear. Here we show that the loss of ventromedial hypothalamus-derived secretin leads to osteopenia in male and female mice, which is primarily induced by diminished cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and upregulation in peripheral sympathetic activity. Moreover, the ventromedial hypothalamus-secretin inhibition also contributes to hyperphagia, dysregulated lipogenesis, and impaired thermogenesis, resulting in obesity in male and female mice. Conversely, overexpression of secretin in the ventromedial hypothalamus promotes bone mass accrual in mice of both sexes. Collectively, our findings identify an unappreciated secretin signaling in the central neural system for the regulation of energy and bone metabolism, which may serve as a new target for the clinical management of obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ji-An Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Tao
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Congjia Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yefeng Wu
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minghui Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Man Carmen Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Xiong H, Ye J, Luo Q, Li W, Xu N, Yang H. Exosomal EIF5A derived from Lewis lung carcinoma induced adipocyte wasting in cancer cachexia. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110901. [PMID: 37743008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammation-driven syndrome, characterized by muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting, with progressive weight loss leading to serious impairment of physiological function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells play a significant role in adipocyte lipolysis, yet the mechanism remain uneclucidated. In this study, EVs derived from Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were extracted and characterized. 3T3-L1 and HIB1B adipocytes were cultured with conditioned medium or EVs from LLC, and LLC cells were used to establish a cancer cachexia mouse model. EVs derived from LLC cells were taken up by 3T3-L1 and HIB1B adipocytes, and derived exosomal EIF5A protein-induced lipolysis of adipocytes. High level of EIF5A was expressed in EVs from LLC cells, exosomal EIF5A is linked to lipid metabolism. Elevated expression of EIF5A is associated with shorter overall survival in lung cancer patients. Western blots, glycerol release and Oil red O staining assays were used to evaluate lipolysis of adipocytes. The reduction of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 and HIB1B adipocytes is achieved through silencing EIF5A or treating with pharmacologic inhibitor GC7 in vitro, and suppressing the expression of EIF5A in LLC cells by infected with shRNA or GC7 treatment partly alleviated white and brown adipose tissue lipolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, EIF5A directly binds with G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) mRNA to promote its translation and then activates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway to induce lipolysis. This study demonstrates that exosomal EIF5A from LLC cells, with hypusinated EIF5A, has a lipolytic effect on adipocyte and adipose tissues in cancer cachexia model. Exosomal EIF5A could be involved in lipolysis and these findings indicate that a novel regulator and potential target for cachexia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xiong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang W, Liu S, Kong L, Wu S, Zhong Z, Yu L, Yang Q, Zhang J, Li J, Zheng G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced persistent inflammation ameliorates fat accumulation by promoting adipose browning in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126511. [PMID: 37625745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore whether the persistent inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ameliorates fat accumulation by promoting adipose browning in vitro and in vivo. LPS over 1 ng/mL reduced lipid accumulation while increasing the expressions of specific genes involved in inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adipose browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, LPS in intraperitoneal injection decreased white adipose tissue weight and elevated interscapular brown adipose tissue weight in mice. According to RT-PCR and western blot analysis results, the expressions of genes and proteins related to inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipolysis, and brown or beige markers in different tissues were elevated after LPS intervention. Cumulatively, LPS-induced persistent inflammation may potentially ameliorate fat accumulation by facilitating adipose browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice. These results offer new perspectives into the effect of persistent inflammation induced by LPS on regulating fat metabolism, thereby reducing fat accumulation by boosting adipose browning procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Li Kong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shaofu Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Longhui Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qinru Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Wang S, Chen Y, Guo W, She D, Liao Y, Xing Z, Huang N, Huang H, Cao D. Gender differences in lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with anterior disk displacement. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3481-3492. [PMID: 36152024 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use quantitative MRI to assess gender differences in lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) characteristics in patients with anterior disk displacement (ADD). METHODS Lateral pterygoid muscle of 51 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) who underwent T1-weighted Dixon and T1-mapping sequences were retrospectively analyzed. There were 34 female patients (10 with bilateral normal position disk [NP]; 24 with bilateral ADD) and 17 male patients (eight with bilateral NP; nine with bilateral ADD) among them. After controlling for age, differences in fat fraction, T1 value, volume and histogram features related to gender and disk status were tested with 2-way ANCOVA or Quade ANCOVA with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Volume of LPM in NP was significantly smaller than that of ADD (p < 0.001). Fat fraction of LPM in females with NP was significantly higher than males with NP (p < 0.05). Females with ADD showed a significantly higher T1 value (p < 0.05), and higher intramuscular heterogeneity than males with ADD. CONCLUSIONS Lateral pterygoid muscle in female TMD patients presented more fatty infiltration in the NP stage and might present more fibrosis in the ADD stage compared with males. Together, this leads to more serious intramuscular heterogeneity during the pathogenesis of ADD in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dejun She
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunyang Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dairong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Alvarez-Artime A, Garcia-Soler B, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Fernandez-Vega S, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Hevia D, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:267. [PMID: 37770940 PMCID: PMC10536697 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work. METHODS Surgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes. RESULTS Androgen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belen Garcia-Soler
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sheila Fernandez-Vega
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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Park J, Hu R, Xiong S, Qian Y, El-Sabbagh AS, Ibrahim M, Song Q, Yan G, Song Z, Mahmoud AM, He Y, Layden BT, Chen J, Ong SG, Xu P, Jiang Y. Estrogen prevents age-dependent beige adipogenesis failure through NAMPT-controlled ER stress pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.31.555821. [PMID: 37693431 PMCID: PMC10491185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenic beige adipocytes are recognized as potential therapeutic targets for combating metabolic diseases. However, the metabolic advantages they offer are compromised with aging. Here, we show that treating mice with estrogen (E2), a hormone that decreases with age, to mice can counteract the aging- related decline in beige adipocyte formation when subjected to cold, while concurrently enhancing energy expenditure and improving glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, we find that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltranferase (NAMPT) plays a pivotal role in facilitating the formation of E2-induced beige adipocytes, which subsequently suppresses the onset of age-related ER stress. Furthermore, we found that targeting NAMPT signaling, either genetically or pharmacologically, can restore the formation of beige adipocytes by increasing the number of perivascular adipocyte progenitor cells. Conversely, the absence of NAMPT signaling prevents this process. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the mechanisms governing the age-dependent impairment of beige adipocyte formation and underscore the E2-NAMPT controlled ER stress as a key regulator of this process. Highlights Estrogen restores beige adipocyte failure along with improved energy metabolism in old mice.Estrogen enhances the thermogenic gene program by mitigating age-induced ER stress.Estrogen enhances the beige adipogenesis derived from SMA+ APCs.Inhibiting the NAMPT signaling pathway abolishes estrogen-promoted beige adipogenesis.
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Su M, Wei H, Chen L, Guan Y, Dong W, Zhao M. The Impact of Visceral Adiposity on Testosterone Levels in American Adult Men: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941394. [PMID: 37634076 PMCID: PMC10469406 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone decline and deficiency importantly affect men's health, and may be associated with excessive deposition of visceral adipose tissue. This study was conducted to explore the association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and testosterone level. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1551 participants from the NHANES 2013-2013 cycle and 2015-2016 cycle were selected for our analyses. The VAI index was calculated based on waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and serum testosterone was measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression were utilized to investigate the associations between VAI index and testosterone level and testosterone deficiency, respectively. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to identify sensitive populations. RESULTS A total of 1551 participants with mean VAI index of 1.95±0.08 were eligible for our analysis. After adjusting for all potential cofounders, men with higher VAI index displayed a lower level of total testosterone level (ß: -11.74, 95% CI: -17.33, -6.15, P<0.0001), and higher risk of testosterone deficiency (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.40, P=0.0022). Comparing to VAI quartile 1, quartile 4 showed the most decreased testosterone level (ß: -94.59, 95% CI: -130.04, -59.14, P<0.0001), and highest risk of testosterone deficiency (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 2.41,10.63, P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that VAI index was strongly related to testosterone level and testosterone deficiency in aged and obese men. CONCLUSIONS Men with higher VAI index displayed lower testosterone levels and higher risk of testosterone deficiency, especially in aged men and obese men.
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11
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Lee-Rueckert M, Canyelles M, Tondo M, Rotllan N, Kovanen PT, Llorente-Cortes V, Escolà-Gil JC. Obesity-induced changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:36-51. [PMID: 37156344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been closely related to cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. We aim to review recent progress in the knowledge on the obese macroenvironment and the generated adipose tumor microenvironment (TME) inducing lipid metabolic dysregulation and their influence on carcinogenic processes. Visceral white adipose tissue expansion during obesity exerts systemic or macroenvironmental effects on tumor initiation, growth, and invasion by promoting inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, growth-factor release, and dyslipidemia. The dynamic relationship between cancer and stromal cells of the obese adipose TME is critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation as well. Experimental evidence shows that secreted paracrine signals from cancer cells can induce lipolysis in cancer-associated adipocytes, causing them to release free fatty acids and acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype. Such adipocyte delipidation and phenotypic change is accompanied by an increased secretion of cytokines by cancer-associated adipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in the TME. Mechanistically, the availability of adipose TME free fatty acids and tumorigenic cytokines concomitant with the activation of angiogenic processes creates an environment that favors a shift in the cancer cells toward an aggressive phenotype associated with increased invasiveness. We conclude that restoring the aberrant metabolic alterations in the host macroenvironment and in adipose TME of obese subjects would be a therapeutic option to prevent cancer development. Several dietary, lipid-based, and oral antidiabetic pharmacological therapies could potentially prevent tumorigenic processes associated with the dysregulated lipid metabolism closely linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Gawałko M, Saljic A, Li N, Abu-Taha I, Jespersen T, Linz D, Nattel S, Heijman J, Fender A, Dobrev D. Adiposity-associated atrial fibrillation: molecular determinants, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:614-630. [PMID: 35689487 PMCID: PMC10409902 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important contributing factor to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications by causing systemic changes, such as altered haemodynamic, increased sympathetic tone, and low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In addition, adipose tissue is a metabolically active organ that comprises various types of fat deposits with discrete composition and localization that show distinct functions. Fatty tissue differentially affects the evolution of AF, with highly secretory active visceral fat surrounding the heart generally having a more potent influence than the rather inert subcutaneous fat. A variety of proinflammatory, profibrotic, and vasoconstrictive mediators are secreted by adipose tissue, particularly originating from cardiac fat, that promote atrial remodelling and increase the susceptibility to AF. In this review, we address the role of obesity-related factors and in particular specific adipose tissue depots in driving AF risk. We discuss the distinct effects of key secreted adipokines from different adipose tissue depots and their participation in cardiac remodelling. The possible mechanistic basis and molecular determinants of adiposity-related AF are discussed, and finally, we highlight important gaps in current knowledge, areas requiring future investigation, and implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gawałko
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-197 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Issam Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Medicine and Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- IHU LIRYC Institute, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medicine and Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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13
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Yang Q, Wang X, Li C, Wang X. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between visceral adiposity index and periodontitis in different age groups. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5839. [PMID: 37037870 PMCID: PMC10086006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are significantly related, and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an important indicator of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between VAI and periodontitis. The study included participants from the 2009-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who received a complete periodontal exam and VAI record. Periodontitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology periodontitis case definitions, is categorized into the following: no periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, mild periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. Hierarchical analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline regression were conducted to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and VAI in adults. There was no significant relationship between VAI and the prevalence of periodontitis in all age groups (P = 0.08). Age-stratified analysis showed a significant association between periodontitis and VAI in adults aged 40-50 years (P < 0.001). After adjusting for all covariates, the association between periodontitis and VAI remained significant in the 40-50-years age group (the trend P value = 0.014). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a non-linear relationship between VAI and periodontitis (P for non-linear = 0.002). Visceral adiposity index was significantly associated with periodontitis risk in the 40-50-year-old group, and the relationship between VAI and periodontitis risk was found to be non-linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Stomatology, ShuCheng People's Hospital, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Stomatology, BinZhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xuanming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Haiyan Stomatological Hospital, No. 89, Qinjian South Road, Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, 314399, Zhejiang Province, China.
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14
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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15
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Lee SG, Chae J, Woo SM, Seo SU, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Schlaepfer DD, Kim IS, Park HS, Kwon TK, Nam JO. TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:520-531. [PMID: 36854775 PMCID: PMC10073093 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins are associated with metabolically healthy adipose tissue and regulate inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and subsequent metabolic deterioration. In this study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, plays an important role in adipose metabolism and browning during high-fat diet-induced obesity. TGFBI KO mice were resistant to adipose tissue hypertrophy, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, adipose tissue from TGFBI KO mice contained a large population of CD11b+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages, which possibly control adipokine secretion through paracrine mechanisms. Mechanistically, we showed that inhibiting TGFBI-stimulated release of adipsin by Notch-1-dependent signaling resulted in adipocyte browning. TGFBI was physiologically bound to Notch-1 and stimulated its activation in adipocytes. Our findings revealed a novel protective effect of TGFBI deficiency in obesity that is realized via the activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sae Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Cruciani S, Delitala AP, Cossu ML, Ventura C, Maioli M. Management of Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders: From Stem Cells and Epigenetics to Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2310. [PMID: 36768633 PMCID: PMC9916844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex worldwide disease, characterized by an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. The onset of this pathology is generally linked to a complex network of interactions among genetic and environmental factors, aging, lifestyle, and diets. During adipogenesis, several regulatory mechanisms and transcription factors are involved. As fat cells grow, adipose tissue becomes increasingly large and dysfunctional, losing its endocrine function, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, and recruiting infiltrating macrophages. This long-term low-grade systemic inflammation results in insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. In this review we describe the main mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, from a physiological condition to obesity. Current therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity and the related metabolic syndrome are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 “Clinica Chirurgica” Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, Eldor Lab, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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17
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Zi C, Wang D, Gao Y, He L. The role of Th17 cells in endocrine organs: Involvement of the gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104943. [PMID: 36726994 PMCID: PMC9884980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T Helper 17 (Th17) cells are adaptive immune cells that play myriad roles in the body. Immune-endocrine interactions are vital in endocrine organs during pathological states. Th17 cells are known to take part in multiple autoimmune diseases over the years. Current evidence has moved from minimal to substantial that Th17 cells are closely related to endocrine organs. Diverse tissue Th17 cells have been discovered within endocrine organs, including gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone, and these cells are modulated by various secretions from endocrine organs. Th17 cells in these endocrine organs are key players in the process of an array of metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We reviewed the pathogenetic or protective functions played by Th17 cells in various endocrine tissues and identified potential regulators for plasticity of it. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of Th17 cells in crosstalk of gut-organs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Zi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
| | - Lisha He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
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18
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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19
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Sun L, Aarnio R, Herre EA, Kärnä S, Palani S, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Honkaniemi A, Oikonen V, Han C, Laurila S, Bucci M, Helin S, Yatkin E, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P, Tang J, Roivainen A. [ 11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:266-274. [PMID: 36166079 PMCID: PMC9816189 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoperiod determines the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and affects the food intake and body mass of mammals. Sympathetic innervation of the BAT controls thermogenesis and facilitates physiological adaption to seasonal changes, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that central opioid signaling regulates BAT thermogenesis, and that the expression of the brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) varies seasonally. Therefore, it is important to know whether MOR expression in BAT shows seasonal variation. METHODS We determined the effect of photoperiod on BAT MOR availability using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET). Adult rats (n = 9) were repeatedly imaged under various photoperiods in order to simulate seasonal changes. RESULTS Long photoperiod was associated with low MOR expression in BAT (β = - 0.04, 95% confidence interval: - 0.07, - 0.01), but not in muscles. We confirmed the expression of MOR in BAT and muscle using immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION Photoperiod affects MOR availability in BAT. Sympathetic innervation of BAT may influence thermogenesis via the peripheral MOR system. The present study supports the utility of [11C]carfentanil PET to study the peripheral MOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Atencio Herre
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aake Honkaniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
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20
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Toscano G, Saija A, Cimino F. The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217645. [PMID: 36364480 PMCID: PMC9656719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes’ thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans’ close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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21
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The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102503. [PMID: 36289764 PMCID: PMC9598769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
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22
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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23
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Dose-Dependent Effect of Melatonin on BAT Thermogenesis in Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rat: Future Clinical Implications for Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091646. [PMID: 36139720 PMCID: PMC9495691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data have revealed that melatonin at high doses reduced obesity and improved metabolic outcomes in experimental models of obesity, mainly by enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. A potential dose-response relationship has yet to be performed to translate these promising findings into potential clinical therapy. This study aimed to assess the effects of different doses of melatonin on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic capacity in Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. At 6 wk of age, male ZDF rats were divided into four groups (n = 4 per group): control and those treated with different doses of melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg of body weight) in their drinking water for 6 wk. Body weight (BW) was significantly decreased at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg of melatonin, but not at 0.1 mg/kg compared with the control, with a similar rate of BW decrease being reached at the dose of 1 mg/kg (by ~11%) and 10 mg/kg (by ~12%). This effect was associated with a dose-dependent increase in the thermal response to the baseline condition or acute cold challenge in the interscapular area measurable by infrared thermography, with the highest thermal response being recorded at the 10 mg/kg dose. Upon histology, melatonin treatment markedly restored the typical brownish appearance of the tissue and promoted a shift in size distribution toward smaller adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion, with the most pronounced brownish phenotype being observed at 10 mg/kg of melatonin. As a hallmark of thermogenesis, the protein level of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) from immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis increased significantly and dose-dependently at all three doses of melatonin, reaching the highest level at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Likewise, all three doses of melatonin modulated iBAT mitochondrial dynamics by increasing protein expression of the optic atrophy protein type 1 (OPA1) fusion marker and decreasing that of the dynamin-related protein1 (DRP1) fission marker, again dose-dependently, with the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively, being reached at the 10 mg/kg dose. These findings highlight for the first time the relevance of the dose-dependency of melatonin toward BW control and BAT thermogenic activation, which may have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of obesity. To clinically apply the potential therapeutic of melatonin for obesity, we consider that the effective animal doses that should be extrapolated to obese individuals may be within the dose range of 1 to 10 mg/kg.
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24
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Richter HJ, Hauck AK, Batmanov K, Inoue SI, So BN, Kim M, Emmett MJ, Cohen RN, Lazar MA. Balanced control of thermogenesis by nuclear receptor corepressors in brown adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205276119. [PMID: 35939699 PMCID: PMC9388101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205276119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ whose expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and ability to maintain body temperature in response to acute cold exposure require histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). HDAC3 exists in tight association with nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoRs) NCoR1 and NCoR2 (also known as silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors [SMRT]), but the functions of NCoR1/2 in BAT have not been established. Here we report that as expected, genetic loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT (NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO) leads to loss of HDAC3 activity. In addition, HDAC3 is no longer bound at its physiological genomic sites in the absence of NCoR1/2, leading to a shared deregulation of BAT lipid metabolism between NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO and HDAC3 BAT-KO mice. Despite these commonalities, loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT does not phenocopy the cold sensitivity observed in HDAC3 BAT-KO, nor does loss of either corepressor alone. Instead, BAT lacking NCoR1/2 is inflamed, particularly with respect to the interleukin-17 axis that increases thermogenic capacity by enhancing innervation. Integration of BAT RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that NCoR1/2 directly regulate Mmp9, which integrates extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammation. These findings reveal pleiotropic functions of the NCoR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in BAT, such that HDAC3-independent suppression of BAT inflammation counterbalances stimulation of HDAC3 activity in the control of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Richter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amy K. Hauck
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bethany N. So
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew J. Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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25
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Guo F, Zhu Y, Han Y, Feng X, Pan Z, He Y, Li Y, Jin L. DEPP Deficiency Contributes to Browning of White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126563. [PMID: 35743009 PMCID: PMC9223522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) was originally identified as a modulator in the process of decidualization in the endometrium. Here, we define that DEPP is involved in adipose tissue thermogenesis, which contributes to metabolic regulation. Knockdown of DEPP suppressed adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, induced expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers in primary brown adipocyte and induced mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) differentiation to brown adipocytes. Moreover, DEPP deficiency in mice induced white adipocyte browning and enhanced BAT activity. Cold exposure stimulated more browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and maintained higher body temperature in DEPP knockout mice compared to that in wild-type control mice. DEPP deficiency also protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that DEPP competitively binds SIRT1, inhibiting the interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Collectively, these findings suggest that DEPP plays a crucial role in orchestrating thermogenesis through regulating adipocyte programs and thus might be a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
| | - Yaping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
| | - Xuhui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhifu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
| | - Ying He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lihua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (F.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (Z.P.)
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (L.J.)
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26
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Hadadi N, Spiljar M, Steinbach K, Çolakoğlu M, Chevalier C, Salinas G, Merkler D, Trajkovski M. Comparative multi-tissue profiling reveals extensive tissue-specificity in transcriptome reprogramming during thermal adaptation. eLife 2022; 11:78556. [PMID: 35578890 PMCID: PMC9113744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal adaptation is an extensively used intervention for enhancing or suppressing thermogenic and mitochondrial activity in adipose tissues. As such, it has been suggested as a potential lifestyle intervention for body weight maintenance. While the metabolic consequences of thermal acclimation are not limited to the adipose tissues, the impact on the rest of the tissues in context of their gene expression profile remains unclear. Here, we provide a systematic characterization of the effects in a comparative multi-tissue RNA sequencing approach following exposure of mice to 10 °C, 22 °C, or 34 °C in a panel of organs consisting of spleen, bone marrow, spinal cord, brain, hypothalamus, ileum, liver, quadriceps, subcutaneous-, visceral- and brown adipose tissues. We highlight that transcriptional responses to temperature alterations exhibit a high degree of tissue-specificity both at the gene level and at GO enrichment gene sets, and show that the tissue-specificity is not directed by the distinct basic gene expression pattern exhibited by the various organs. Our study places the adaptation of individual tissues to different temperatures in a whole-organism framework and provides integrative transcriptional analysis necessary for understanding the temperature-mediated biological programming. Humans, mice and most other mammals are constantly exposed to fluctuations in the temperature of their environment. These fluctuations cause striking metabolic effects in the body, for example, exposure to cold promotes burning of calories to generate heat, thereby reducing how much fat accumulates in the body. On the other hand, warmer temperatures strengthen the bones and protect against a bone disease known as osteoporosis. As such, it has been suggested that exposure to alternating warm or cold temperatures could be a potential lifestyle intervention that conveys various benefits to our health. Our body stores fat in tissues known as adipose tissues, which are found all over the body including under the skin and around our major organs and muscles. Exposure to cold triggers changes in the activities of some genes in the adipose tissues to burn more calories. But it remains unclear how temperature affects the activities of other organs with respect to their expression of genes in the whole-body context. Hadadi, Spiljar et al. used an RNA sequencing approach to study the activities of genes in various tissues of mice exposed to cold (10°C), room temperature (22°C), or mild warm (34°C). The experiments revealed numerous genes whose levels were different in the various organs and temperatures tested. Overall, adipose tissues experienced the biggest changes in gene levels between different temperatures, followed by tissues involved in immune responses, and the brain and spinal cord tissues. Each organ changed gene expression levels in its own way. , and this was not due to the different intimate gene expression profile between the various organs. These findings improve our understanding of how changes in temperature affect mammals by putting the responses of individual tissues into the context of the whole body. Hadadi, Spiljar et al. also generated a web-based, free-to-use application to allow others to view and further analyze the data collected in this work for gene levels in the various organs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Hadadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Spiljar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melis Çolakoğlu
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS- Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Monfort-Ferré D, Caro A, Menacho M, Martí M, Espina B, Boronat-Toscano A, Nuñez-Roa C, Seco J, Bautista M, Espín E, Megía A, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S, Serena C. The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Succinate Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1571-1583. [PMID: 35554517 PMCID: PMC9624294 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] is associated with complex microbe-host interactions, involving changes in microbial communities, and gut barrier defects, leading to the translocation of microorganisms to surrounding adipose tissue [AT]. We evaluated the presence of beige AT depots in CD and questioned whether succinate and/or bacterial translocation promotes white-to-beige transition in adipocytes. METHODS Visceral [VAT] and subcutaneous [SAT] AT biopsies, serum and plasma were obtained from patients with active [n = 21] or inactive [n = 12] CD, and from healthy controls [n = 15]. Adipose-derived stem cells [ASCs] and AT macrophages [ATMs] were isolated from VAT biopsies. RESULTS Plasma succinate levels were significantly higher in patients with active CD than in controls and were intermediate in those with inactive disease. Plasma succinate correlated with the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Expression of the succinate receptor SUCNR1 was higher in VAT, ASCs and ATMs from the active CD group than from the inactive or control groups. Succinate treatment of ASCs elevated the expression of several beige AT markers from controls and from patients with inactive disease, including uncoupling protein-1 [UCP1]. Notably, beige AT markers were prominent in ASCs from patients with active CD. Secretome profiling revealed that ASCs from patients with active disease secrete beige AT-related proteins, and co-culture assays showed that bacteria also trigger the white-to-beige switch of ASCs from patients with CD. Finally, AT depots from patients with CD exhibited a conversion from white to beige AT together with high UCP1 expression, which was corroborated by in situ thermal imaging analysis. CONCLUSIONS Succinate and bacteria trigger white-to-beige AT transition in CD. Understanding the role of beige AT in CD might aid in the development of therapeutic or diagnostic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Monfort-Ferré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleidis Caro
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Marc Martí
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Espina
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat-Toscano
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cati Nuñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Bautista
- Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eloy Espín
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Megía
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Corresponding authors: Sonia Fernández-Veledo, PhD, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. ;
| | - Carolina Serena
- Carolina Serena, PhD, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. ;
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Hamilton A, Rizzo R, Brod S, Ono M, Perretti M, Cooper D, D'Acquisto F. The immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice are linked to temperature control. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:179-194. [PMID: 35217174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in isolation is considered an emerging societal problem that negatively affects the physical wellbeing of its sufferers in ways that we are just starting to appreciate. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice, utilising a two-week program of sole cage occupancy followed by the testing of immune-inflammatory resilience to bacterial sepsis. Our results revealed that mice housed in social isolation showed an increased ability to clear bacterial infection compared to control socially housed animals. These effects were associated with specific changes in whole blood gene expression profile and an increased production of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, equipping socially isolated mice with artificial nests as a substitute for their natural huddling behaviour reversed the increased resistance to bacterial sepsis. Together these results suggest that the control of body temperature through social housing and huddling behaviour are important factors in the regulation of the host immune response to infection in mice and might provide another example of the many ways by which living conditions influence immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hamilton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Rizzo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- University of London Imperial College Science Technology & Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Science, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London SW15, 4JD, UK.
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Scheel AK, Espelage L, Chadt A. Many Ways to Rome: Exercise, Cold Exposure and Diet-Do They All Affect BAT Activation and WAT Browning in the Same Manner? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094759. [PMID: 35563150 PMCID: PMC9103087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and the possibility to recruit beige cells with high thermogenic potential within white adipose tissue (WAT) depots opened the field for new strategies to combat obesity and its associated comorbidities. Exercise training as well as cold exposure and dietary components are associated with the enhanced accumulation of metabolically-active beige adipocytes and BAT activation. Both activated beige and brown adipocytes increase their metabolic rate by utilizing lipids to generate heat via non-shivering thermogenesis, which is dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Non-shivering thermogenesis elevates energy expenditure and promotes a negative energy balance, which may ameliorate metabolic complications of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) such as insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the recent advances in pharmacological approaches to reduce obesity and IR by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT and WAT, the administered pharmacological compounds are often associated with unwanted side effects. Therefore, lifestyle interventions such as exercise, cold exposure, and/or specified dietary regimens present promising anchor points for future disease prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM. The exact mechanisms where exercise, cold exposure, dietary interventions, and pharmacological treatments converge or rather diverge in their specific impact on BAT activation or WAT browning are difficult to determine. In the past, many reviews have demonstrated the mechanistic principles of exercise- and/or cold-induced BAT activation and WAT browning. In this review, we aim to summarize not only the current state of knowledge on the various mechanistic principles of diverse external stimuli on BAT activation and WAT browning, but also present their translational potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Scheel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Lena Espelage
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-211-3382-577/430
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Gao H, Tong X, Hu W, Wang Y, Lee K, Xu X, Shi J, Pei Z, Lu W, Chen Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang Z, Han C, Wang Y, Feng Y. Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats. Chin Med 2022; 17:48. [PMID: 35436959 PMCID: PMC9016980 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate obesity and reproductive dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and further explorations in PCOS-like rats showed that EA could affect white adipose tissue. However, the function and neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in PCOS and after EA treatment have remained unknown. The present study focused on the role of BAT in PCOS-like rats and its relationship with EA and characterized the three-dimensional (3D) innervation of BAT associated with activation molecules. Methods Female rats (21 days old) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or fed with a high fat diet to establish PCOS-like and obesity models, respectively, and then EA treatment at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6) was carried out for 4 weeks. In the present study, morphological analysis, 3D imaging, molecular biology, and other experimental techniques were used to study the sympathetic nerves and activity of BAT. Results PCOS-like rats showed both obvious weight gain and reproductive dysfunction, similar to what was seen in obese rats except for the absence of reproductive dysfunction. The body weight gain was mainly caused by an increase in white adipose tissue, and there was an abnormal decrease in BAT. Because both the lipid metabolism and reproductive disorders could be improved with bilateral EA at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6), especially the restoration of BAT, we further investigated the neuromodulation and inflammation in BAT and identified the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase as one of the key factors of sympathetic nerves. Modified adipo-clearing technology and 3D high-resolution imaging showed that crooked or dispersed sympathetic nerves, but not the twisted vasculature, were reconstructed and associated with the activation of BAT and are likely to be the functional target for EA treatment. Conclusion Our study highlights the significant role of BAT and its sympathetic innervations in PCOS and in EA therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiemei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Nesterowicz M, Supruniuk E, Choromańska B, Chabowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. α-Lipoic Acid Reduces Ceramide Synthesis and Neuroinflammation in the Hypothalamus of Insulin-Resistant Rats, While in the Cerebral Cortex Diminishes the β-Amyloid Accumulation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2295-2312. [PMID: 35422650 PMCID: PMC9005076 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress underlies metabolic diseases and cognitive impairment; thus, the use of antioxidants may improve brain function in insulin-resistant conditions. We are the first to evaluate the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on redox homeostasis, sphingolipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and β-amyloid accumulation in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Methods The experiment was conducted on male cmdb/outbred Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks with intragastric administration of ALA (30 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory enzymes, oxidative stress, sphingolipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and β-amyloid level were assessed in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex using colorimetric, fluorimetric, ELISA, and HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test. Results ALA normalizes body weight, food intake, glycemia, insulinemia, and systemic insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed rats. ALA treatment reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and xanthine oxidase activity, increases ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiol levels in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. In addition, it decreases myeloperoxidase, glucuronidase, and metalloproteinase-2 activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) levels, while in the cerebral cortex ALA reduces β-amyloid accumulation. In both brain structures, ALA diminishes ceramide synthesis and caspase-3 activity. ALA improves systemic oxidative status and reduces insulin-resistant rats’ serum cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Conclusion ALA normalizes lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-resistant rats. At the brain level, ALA primarily affects hypothalamic metabolism. ALA improves redox homeostasis by decreasing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, enhancing total antioxidant potential, and reducing protein and lipid oxidative damage in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed rats. ALA also reduces hypothalamic inflammation and metalloproteinases activity, and cortical β-amyloid accumulation. In both brain structures, ALA diminishes ceramide synthesis and neuronal apoptosis. Although further study is needed, ALA may be a potential treatment for patients with cerebral complications of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, Poland, Email
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Choromańska
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Temporal specificity of IL-6 knockout in enhancing the thermogenic capability of brown adipose tissue. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:619-628. [PMID: 35349101 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been regarded as a homeostatic regulator of fat metabolism, its role in brown adipose thermogenesis remains to be further clarified. By using wild-type (WT) and IL-6-knockout (KO) mice, this study aims to investigate whether IL-6 regulates the thermogenic capability of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at both young and elderly stages. We demonstrated that IL-6 KO enhances BAT thermogenesis at a young age, as evidenced by the increased mRNA and protein expression levels of thermogenic genes, and the elevated interscapular surface temperature. The IL-6-KO enhancement of BAT thermogenesis is associated with improved respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and glucose homeostasis at young stages. However, these improvements disappear in elderly KO mice, which is likely attributable to the highly increased expression of other inflammatory cytokines, such as Tnfα, Il-1β, and Il-10. Our findings indicate that the lack of IL-6 has a temporal-specific contribution to the promotion of BAT thermogenesis.
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PET/MRI-evaluated brown adipose tissue activity may be related to dietary MUFA and omega-6 fatty acids intake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4112. [PMID: 35260768 PMCID: PMC8904502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of new ways to activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) is highly valuable, as it is a possible tool for obesity prevention and treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationships between dietary intake and BAT activity. The study group comprised 28 healthy non-smoking males aged 21–42 years. All volunteers underwent a physical examination and 75-g OGTT and completed 3-day food intake diaries to evaluate macronutrients and fatty acid intake. Body composition measurements were assessed using DXA scanning. An FDG-18 PET/MR was performed to visualize BAT activity. Brown adipose tissue was detected in 18 subjects (67% normal-weight individuals and 33% overweight/obese). The presence of BAT corresponded with a lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content (p = 0.04, after adjustment for age, daily kcal intake, and DXA Lean mass). We noted significantly lower omega-6 fatty acids (p = 0.03) and MUFA (p = 0.02) intake in subjects with detected BAT activity after adjustment for age, daily average kcal intake, and DXA Lean mass, whereas omega-3 fatty acids intake was comparable between the two groups. BAT presence was positively associated with the concentration of serum IL-6 (p = 0.01) during cold exposure. Our results show that BAT activity may be related to daily omega-6 fatty acids intake.
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Zapata J, Gallardo A, Romero C, Valenzuela R, Garcia-Diaz DF, Duarte L, Bustamante A, Gasaly N, Gotteland M, Echeverria F. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102388. [PMID: 34995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zapata
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Gallardo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - D F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; ICBM: Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - M Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrera de Nutricion y Dietetica, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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35
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Agueda-Oyarzabal M, Emanuelli B. Immune Cells in Thermogenic Adipose Depots: The Essential but Complex Relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839360. [PMID: 35360060 PMCID: PMC8963988 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ in mammals capable of dissipating energy in form of heat. Additionally, white adipose tissue (WAT) can undergo browning and perform thermogenesis. In recent years, the research community has aimed to harness thermogenic depot functions for new therapeutic strategies against obesity and the metabolic syndrome; hence a comprehensive understanding of the thermogenic fat microenvironment is essential. Akin to WAT, immune cells also infiltrate and reside within the thermogenic adipose tissues and perform vital functions. As highly plastic organs, adipose depots rely on crucial interplay with these tissue resident cells to conserve their healthy state. Evidence has accumulated to show that different immune cell populations contribute to thermogenic adipose tissue homeostasis and activation through complex communicative networks. Furthermore, new studies have identified -but still not fully characterized further- numerous immune cell populations present in these depots. Here, we review the current knowledge of this emerging field by describing the immune cells that sway the thermogenic adipose depots, and the complex array of communications that influence tissue performance.
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36
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Hou B, Shen X, He Q, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Xi J, Hao Z. Is the visceral adiposity index a potential indicator for the risk of kidney stones? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1065520. [PMID: 36531468 PMCID: PMC9751392 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the visceral adiposity index (VAI) was linked to the risk of kidney stones (KS) in the representative U.S. adults. METHODS We investigated 59842 participants who joined the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and KS was identified by logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, the subgroup analysis as well as the calculation of dose-response curves were also utilized to identify sensitive groups. RESULTS Data from 29384 participants were available, including 2781 self-reported ever experiencing KS diseases. Overall, the VAI was 0.74 (0.70, 0.78) in the KS group, while 0.55 (0.52, 0.57) in the control group. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of KS increased by 13% for each unit of VAI increment (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.19). Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the VAI and the prevalence of KS. By subgroup analysis, we found that a positive correlation between VAI and the risk of KS both in male (OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.07, 1.22) and female (OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.05, 1.24), White (OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.11, 1.28) and other race, all aged subgroups, nonhypertensive (OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.08, 1.25) and nondiabetic subgroups (OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.07, 1.21). CONCLUSIONS Elevated VAI was strongly associated with KS in representative U.S. adults, which may be a promising indicator for the risk of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Hou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Shen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiushi He
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuexian Xu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyao Hao, ; Junhua Xi, ; Mingwei Chen,
| | - Junhua Xi
- Department of Urology, the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei (Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyao Hao, ; Junhua Xi, ; Mingwei Chen,
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyao Hao, ; Junhua Xi, ; Mingwei Chen,
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MicroRNA Cues from Nature: A Roadmap to Decipher and Combat Challenges in Human Health and Disease? Cells 2021; 10:cells10123374. [PMID: 34943882 PMCID: PMC8699674 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA (18–24 nt long) that fine-tune gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. With the advent of “multi-omics” analysis and sequencing approaches, they have now been implicated in every facet of basic molecular networks, including metabolism, homeostasis, and cell survival to aid cellular machinery in adapting to changing environmental cues. Many animals must endure harsh environmental conditions in nature, including cold/freezing temperatures, oxygen limitation (anoxia/hypoxia), and food or water scarcity, often requiring them to revamp their metabolic organization, frequently on a seasonal or life stage basis. MicroRNAs are important regulatory molecules in such processes, just as they are now well-known to be involved in many human responses to stress or disease. The present review outlines the role of miRNAs in natural animal models of environmental stress and adaptation including torpor/hibernation, anoxia/hypoxia tolerance, and freeze tolerance. We also discuss putative medical applications of advances in miRNA biology including organ preservation for transplant, inflammation, ageing, metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity), mitochondrial dysfunction (mitoMirs) as well as specialized miRNA subgroups respective to low temperature (CryomiRs) and low oxygen (OxymiRs). The review also covers differential regulation of conserved and novel miRNAs involved at cell, tissue, and stress specific levels across multiple species and their roles in survival. Ultimately, the species-specific comparison and conserved miRNA responses seen in evolutionarily disparate animal species can help us to understand the complex miRNA network involved in regulating and reorganizing metabolism to achieve diverse outcomes, not just in nature, but in human health and disease.
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The Effect of Fat Distribution on the Inflammatory Response of Multiple Trauma Patients-A Retrospective Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111243. [PMID: 34833119 PMCID: PMC8625240 DOI: 10.3390/life11111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In recent years; increasing evidence pointed out the clinical importance of adipose tissue (AT) distribution in various patient populations. In particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), was found to play a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory reaction. The aim of the present study was to examine whether body fat distribution has an impact on the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with polytrauma. Methods In our retrospective study; we filtered our institution records of the German Trauma Registry (Trauma Register DGU) from November 2018 to April 2021 and included 132 adult polytrauma patients with injury severity score (ISS) >16. Subsequently; we measured the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area based on whole-body CT scan and calculated the ratio of VAT to SAT (VSr). Thereafter, the patient population was evenly divided into three groups; respectively VSr value less than 0.4 for the first group (low ratio), 0.4–0.84 for the second group (intermediate ratio), and greater than 0.84 for the third group (high ratio). Considering the other influencing factors; the groups were further divided into subgroups in the respective analysis according to gender (male/female), BMI (<25 or ≥25), and ISS (<26 or ≥26). Result VSr was an independent factor from body mass index (BMI) (r2 = 0.003; p = 0.553). VSr in male patients was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Patients with low VSr had higher ISS scores (p = 0.028). Polytrauma patients with higher VSr tended to have lower SIRS scores and significant differences of SIRS score were found on multiple days during the whole hospitalization period. In the low VAT/SAT group, male patients, and patients with BMI greater than 25, both exhibited higher SIRS scores during hospital stay (day 16: p = 0.01; day 22: p = 0.048 and p = 0.011; respectively). During hospitalization, patients with higher ISS score (≥26) in the low VSr group was found to have higher SIRS score (day 16; p = 0.007). Over the hospital stay; serum markers of CRP; CK; and leukocyte in patients with low VSr were higher than those in patients in the intermediate and high VSr groups; with significant difference discovered on multiple days (day 16: 0.014; day 22: p = 0.048). Conclusion Lower VSr is associated with increased inflammatory response and worse clinical outcome in patients with polytrauma. Furthermore; VSr is an independent factor providing additional information to BMI.
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Takayanagi S, Watanabe K, Maruyama T, Ogawa M, Morishita K, Soga M, Hatta T, Natsume T, Hirano T, Kagechika H, Hattori K, Naguro I, Ichijo H. ASKA technology-based pull-down method reveals a suppressive effect of ASK1 on the inflammatory NOD-RIPK2 pathway in brown adipocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22009. [PMID: 34759307 PMCID: PMC8581049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue is an immunological organ. While inflammation in energy-storing white adipose tissues has been the focus of intense research, the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in heat-producing brown adipose tissues remain largely unknown. We previously identified apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as a critical regulator of brown adipocyte maturation; the PKA-ASK1-p38 axis facilitates uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) induction cell-autonomously. Here, we show that ASK1 suppresses an innate immune pathway and contributes to maintenance of brown adipocytes. We report a novel chemical pull-down method for endogenous kinases using analog sensitive kinase allele (ASKA) technology and identify an ASK1 interactor in brown adipocytes, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2). ASK1 disrupts the RIPK2 signaling complex and inhibits the NOD-RIPK2 pathway to downregulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. As a potential biological significance, an in vitro model for intercellular regulation suggests that ASK1 facilitates the expression of UCP1 through the suppression of inflammatory cytokine production. In parallel to our previous report on the PKA-ASK1-p38 axis, our work raises the possibility of an auxiliary role of ASK1 in brown adipocyte maintenance through neutralizing the thermogenesis-suppressive effect of the NOD-RIPK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Takayanagi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mayumi Soga
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064 Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064 Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirano
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062 Japan ,Present Address: Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Perirenal Adipose Tissue from Healthy Donor: Characteristics and Promise as Potential Therapeutic Cell Source. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215024. [PMID: 34768543 PMCID: PMC8585005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Perirenal adipose tissue, one of the fat masses surrounding the kidneys, can be obtained from healthy donors during a kidney transplant. Perirenal adipose tissue has only ever been known as a connective tissue to protect the kidneys and renal blood vessels from external physical stimulation. Yet, recently, as adipose tissue has begun to be considered an endocrine organ, and perirenal adipose tissue is now regarded to have a direct effect on metabolic diseases. The characteristics of perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor are that: (1) There are a large number of brown adipose cells (70–80% of the total), (2) Most of the brown adipose cells are inactive in the resting cell cycle, (3) Activating factors are constant low-temperature exposure, hormones, metastasis factors, and environmental factors, (4) Anatomically, a large number of brown adipose cells are distributed close to the adrenal glands, (5) Beige cells, produced by converting white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, are highly active, (6) Activated cells secrete BATokines, and (7) Energy consumption efficiency is high. Despite these advantages, all of the perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor is incinerated as medical waste. With a view to its use, this review discusses the brown adipocytes and beige cells in perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor, and proposes opportunities for their clinical application.
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Yoon YS, Liu W, Van de Velde S, Matsumura S, Wiater E, Huang L, Montminy M. Activation of the adipocyte CREB/CRTC pathway in obesity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1214. [PMID: 34686752 PMCID: PMC8536733 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type II diabetes. Increases in adipose tissue mass trigger insulin resistance via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from adipocytes and macrophages. CREB and the CRTC coactivators have been found to promote insulin resistance in obesity, although the mechanism is unclear. Here we show that high fat diet feeding activates the CREB/CRTC pathway in adipocytes by decreasing the expression of SIK2, a Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits CRTCs. SIK2 levels are regulated by the adipogenic factor C/EBPα, whose expression is reduced in obesity. Exposure to PPARγ agonist rescues C/EBPα expression and restores SIK2 levels. CRTC2/3 promote insulin resistance via induction of the chemokines CXCL1/2. Knockout of CRTC2/3 in adipocytes reduces CXCL1/2 expression and improves insulin sensitivity. As administration of CXCL1/2 reverses salutary effects of CRTC2/3 depletion, our results demonstrate the importance of the CREB/CRTC pathway in modulating adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sil Yoon
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sam Van de Velde
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ezra Wiater
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Pei Y, Parks JS, Kang HW. Quercetin alleviates high-fat diet-induced inflammation in brown adipose tissue. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Yook JS, Thomas SS, Toney AM, You M, Kim YC, Liu Z, Lee J, Chung S. Dietary Iron Deficiency Modulates Adipocyte Iron Homeostasis, Adaptive Thermogenesis, and Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:2967-2975. [PMID: 34383942 PMCID: PMC8485911 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive thermogenesis is an iron-demanding pathway, significantly contributing to whole-body energy expenditure. However, the effects of iron-deficient diets on adaptive thermogenesis and obesity remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of dietary iron deficiency on iron homeostasis in adipocytes, adaptive thermogenic capacity, and metabolic consequences in obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to either the iron-adequate (IA, 35 ppm) or the iron-deficient group (ID, 3 ppm) at weaning. Upon 8 wk of age, both IA and ID groups received an isocaloric high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) for 10 wk, maintaining the same iron content. Mice (n = 8) were used to determine the iron status at the systemic and tissue levels and lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue. The same mice were used to evaluate cold tolerance (4°C) for 3 h. For assessing adaptive thermogenesis, mice (n = 5) received an intraperitoneal injection of β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 (CL) for 5 d. RESULTS Compared with the IA group, the ID group had nonanemic iron deficiency, lower serum ferritin (42.8%, P < 0.01), and greater weight gain (8.67%, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance (159%, P < 0.01), partly due to reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activation (61.0%, P < 0.05). Upon cold exposure, the ID group maintained a core body temperature 2°C lower than the IA group. The ID group had lower iron content (47.0%, P < 0.01) in the inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) than the IA group, which was associated with impaired adaptive thermogenesis. In response to CL, ID mice showed decreased heat production (P < 0.01) and defective upregulation of beige adipocyte-specific markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (41.1%, P < 0.001), transferrin receptor 1 (47.5%, P < 0.001), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.05) compared with IA mice. CONCLUSIONS Dietary iron deficiency deregulates iron balance in the iWAT and impairs adaptive thermogenesis, thereby escalating the diet-induced weight gain in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seon Yook
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Mulcahy Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Castelli V, Brandolini L, d’Angelo M, Giorgio C, Alfonsetti M, Cocchiaro P, Lombardi F, Cimini A, Allegretti M. CXCR1/2 Inhibitor Ladarixin Ameliorates the Insulin Resistance of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Inhibiting Inflammation and Improving Insulin Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092324. [PMID: 34571976 PMCID: PMC8471705 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a severe public health issue worldwide. It displays a harmful effect on different organs as the eyes, kidneys and neural cells due to insulin resistance and high blood glucose concentrations. To date, the available treatments for this disorder remain limited. Several reports have correlated obesity with type 2 diabetes. Mainly, dysfunctional adipocytes and the regulation of high secretion of inflammatory cytokines are the crucial links between obesity and insulin resistance. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have also correlated the onset of type 2 diabetes with inflammation, which is now indicated as a new target for type 2 diabetes treatment. Thus, it appears essential to discover new drugs able to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory adipocytokines in type 2 diabetes. Adipocytes produce inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammation or high glucose levels. Once activated by a specific ligand, CXCR1 and CXCR2 mediate some cytokines’ effects by activating an intracellular signal cascade once activated by a specific ligand. Therefore, it is conceivable to hypothesize that a specific antagonist of these receptors may ameliorate type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism. Herein, differentiated 3T3-L1-adipocytes were subjected to high glucose or inflammatory conditions or the combination of both and then treated with ladarixin, a CXCR1/2 inhibitor. The results obtained point towards the positive regulation by ladarixin on insulin sensitivity, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4, cytokine proteome profile and lipid metabolism, thus suggesting ladarixin as a potentially helpful treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (M.d.); (M.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Laura Brandolini
- Dompè Farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (M.d.); (M.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Cristina Giorgio
- Dompè Farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (M.d.); (M.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Pasquale Cocchiaro
- Dompè Farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (M.d.); (M.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (M.d.); (M.A.); (F.L.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Marcello Allegretti
- Dompè Farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.A.)
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Seo SH, Jo SM, Truong TTM, Zhang G, Kim DS, Lee M, Lee Y, Kang I. Peanut sprout rich in p-coumaric acid ameliorates obesity and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and the inhibition of browning in adipocytes via mitochondrial activation. Food Funct 2021; 12:5361-5374. [PMID: 33982705 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by adipose tissue inflammation that subsequently reduces thermogenic potential in brown and beige (brown-like) adipocytes. We previously reported that peanut sprout (PS) inhibited triglyceride accumulation via fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. However, it is unknown whether PS reverses diet-induced obesity/inflammation and protects against the inflammation-induced inhibition of browning. To investigate this, C57BL/6 male mice, as an in vivo model, were randomly assigned to three different diets and fed for 8 weeks: (i) low-fat diet (LF, 11% kcal from fat), (ii) high-fat diet (HF, 61% kcal from fat), or (iii) HF diet with PS (4% PS in diet, HF + PS). As an in vitro model, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the absence (white adipocytes) or presence of dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt-cAMP, beige adipocytes) were used. The supplementation of PS improved HF-diet-mediated body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia as compared to the HF group. Although there was a marginal impact on visceral hypertrophy, PS reversed the adipocyte inflammation. In parallel, LPS-mediated induction of inflammation was impeded by PS extract (PSE) in macrophages and adipocytes. PSE also protected against LPS-induced suppression of adipocyte browning in Bt-cAMP-treated adipocytes with mitochondrial activation. The phenolic acid analysis showed that among the constituent of PSE, p-coumaric acid (PCA) was identified as a polyphenol that showed a similar effect to PSE. PCA treatment was also able to maintain a higher temperature than the control group upon cold exposure. Taken together, PCA-enriched PS attenuated HF-diet-induced obesity and protected against LPS-induced inflammation and the inhibition of browning via mitochondrial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Sang-Mi Jo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Tien Thi My Truong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Dong-Shin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Yunkyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea. and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Inhae Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea. and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Zimmerman B, Kundu P, Rooney WD, Raber J. The Effect of High Fat Diet on Cerebrovascular Health and Pathology: A Species Comparative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3406. [PMID: 34199898 PMCID: PMC8200075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and animal models, consumption of a high-saturated-fat diet has been linked to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Laboratory animals provide excellent models for more invasive high-fat-diet-related research. However, the physiological differences between humans and common animal models in terms of how they react metabolically to high-fat diets need to be considered. Here, we review the factors that may affect the translatability of mechanistic research in animal models, paying special attention to the effects of a high-fat diet on vascular outcomes. We draw attention to the dissociation between metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in rodents, unlike the state in humans, where the two commonly occur. We also discuss the differential vulnerability between species to the metabolic and vascular effects of macronutrients in the diet. Findings from animal studies are better interpreted as modeling specific aspects of dysfunction. We conclude that the differences between species provide an opportunity to explore why some species are protected from the detrimental aspects of high-fat-diet-induced dysfunction, and to translate these findings into benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Payel Kundu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
| | - William D. Rooney
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.Z.); (P.K.); (W.D.R.)
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Carobbio S, Guenantin AC, Bahri M, Rodriguez-Fdez S, Honig F, Kamzolas I, Samuelson I, Long K, Awad S, Lukovic D, Erceg S, Bassett A, Mendjan S, Vallier L, Rosen BS, Chiarugi D, Vidal-Puig A. Unraveling the Developmental Roadmap toward Human Brown Adipose Tissue. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:641-655. [PMID: 33606988 PMCID: PMC7940445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activation is a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity and complications. Obese and diabetic patients possess low amounts of BAT, so an efficient way to expand their mass is necessary. There is limited knowledge about how human BAT develops, differentiates, and is optimally activated. Accessing human BAT is challenging, given its low volume and anatomical dispersion. These constraints make detailed BAT-related developmental and functional mechanistic studies in humans virtually impossible. We have developed and characterized functionally and molecularly a new chemically defined protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into brown adipocytes (BAs) that overcomes current limitations. This protocol recapitulates step by step the physiological developmental path of human BAT. The BAs obtained express BA and thermogenic markers, are insulin sensitive, and responsive to β-adrenergic stimuli. This new protocol is scalable, enabling the study of human BAs at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anne-Claire Guenantin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Bahri
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Floris Honig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathleen Long
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sherine Awad
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dunja Lukovic
- Retinal Degeneration Lab and National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Research Center Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab and National Stem Cell Bank - Valencia Node, Research Center Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrew Bassett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry S Rosen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Davide Chiarugi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Jiangbei Area, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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48
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Ahmad B, Vohra MS, Saleemi MA, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Brown/Beige adipose tissues and the emerging role of their secretory factors in improving metabolic health: The batokines. Biochimie 2021; 184:26-39. [PMID: 33548390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues are the primary sites for adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis. Although they have been known principally for their thermogenic effects, in recent years, it has emerged that, just like white adipose tissue (WAT), brown and beige adipose tissues also play an important role in the regulation of metabolic health through secretion of various brown adipokines (batokines) in response to various physiological cues. These secreted batokines target distant organs and tissues such as the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, brain, WAT, and perform various local and systemic functions in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Brown and beige adipose tissues are therefore now receiving increasing levels of attention with respect to their effects on various other organs and tissues. Identification of novel secreted factors by these tissues may help in the discovery of drug candidates for the treatment of various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, skeletal deformities, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia. In this review, we comprehensively describe the emerging secretory role of brown/beige adipose tissues and the metabolic effects of various brown/beige adipose tissues secreted factors on other organs and tissues in endocrine/paracrine manners, and as well as on brown/beige adipose tissue itself in an autocrine manner. This will provide insights into understanding the potential secretory role of brown/beige adipose tissues in improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mansab Ali Saleemi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia.
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Leiva M, Matesanz N, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Nikolic I, Sabio G. Uncovering the Role of p38 Family Members in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572089. [PMID: 33424765 PMCID: PMC7786386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex functions of adipose tissue have been a focus of research interest over the past twenty years. Adipose tissue is not only the main energy storage depot, but also one of the largest endocrine organs in the body and carries out crucial metabolic functions. Moreover, brown and beige adipose depots are major sites of energy expenditure through the activation of adaptive, non-shivering thermogenesis. In recent years, numerous signaling molecules and pathways have emerged as critical regulators of adipose tissue, in both homeostasis and obesity-related disease. Among the best characterized are members of the p38 kinase family. The activity of these kinases has emerged as a key contributor to the biology of the white and brown adipose tissues, and their modulation could provide new therapeutic approaches against obesity. Here, we give an overview of the roles of the distinct p38 family members in adipose tissue, focusing on their actions in adipogenesis, thermogenic activity, and secretory function.
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